849:("Caller") in which the declarer names a side suit Ace (not held) and the player with the called Ace becomes the silent partner, whose identity is only revealed by the play of the cards. There is a long trump suit comprising all four Obers, four Unters and all the Hearts: 14 trumps in all. The aim is not primarily to win tricks but to capture cards with a point value â especially Aces and Tens â whereby the values are A = 11, Ten = 10, King = 4, Ober = 3, Unter = 2 and the rest are 'nixers', worth nothing. Thus the overall aim is to score as many points as possible by skilful and tactical play both in partnership and or individual games.
3004:) following deals where the cards are thrown in. The declarer in the next hand now has the chance to win the pot. If successful, the declarer alone sweeps the pot in addition to the normal winnings shared with a partner. If unsuccessful, the declarer alone doubles the contents of the pot and play continues with the next declarer a game having an opportunity chance to win the pot. In some circles, the sweetener can only be won by the successful declaring pair in a Rufer; both doubling the pot if they lose.
415:
5127:
8450:
1001:
971:
991:
981:
1233:
679:
455:, claimed that Schaffkopf "did not bear the unaesthetic name Schafkopf , which it is frequently called today as if to imply that playing it only required the level of mental ability which wise nature bestows on a dumb animal in our pastures; on the contrary it is the game that "creates intelligence" by giving all those who have had little education the opportunity to learn about combination theory and probability."
4442:, but this time the aim is to score as few card points as possible. The player with the most points loses and pays the others. If two or more players score the same number of points, the one with the most tricks loses. If the number of tricks is also equal, the player with the most trumps in the tricks loses; if that number is also equal, the player with the higher trump loses. Special rules adapted from
5164:) and each player only receives 6 instead of the usual 8 cards as in the "long pack". Playing short Schafkopf makes the game faster and alters playing tactics because of the changed probabilities. The cards are more frequently thrown in and partnership games are less common. Sometimes the 9s are removed to leave just 20 cards in the game and players are then dealt 5 cards each. Packs are sold by
34:
738:) earned 7 pfennigs. These rates were paid by each loser to a different winner. The tariff for matadors was 3 pfennigs for 3 matadors, 5 pfennigs for 4, 7 pfennigs for 5 and so on. At the second level the rates were 5/8/10 and at the third level 10/15/20. The tariff for a Solo is not mentioned but was usually double and paid by each loser to the winner or vice versa.
842:
However, the game is dominated by trumps because the trump suit is usually augmented by Obers and Unters. There is a simple auction in which players get one chance to pass or play a contract. If two offer to play, there is a priority based on the rank of the contract and the order of bidding. The winning bidder becomes the declarer and clarifies the contract.
4834:" Normally a token is placed on the table to confirm this. Depending on the local rules only forehand, only one player or all players may double. If more than one player doubles the game the factors are multiplied, i.e. one player 2x, two players 4x, three players 8x and four players 16x. These factors take effect after all bonuses are added. In the case of
5423:, was this rule relaxed and Schafkopf was recognized in this category; since then the record for continuous playing has been held exclusively by Schafkopf groups (for medical reasons the Guinness rules allow two substitutes). The officially recognized record playing time is currently 260 hours, placed in November 2013 by one Munich group.
2569:, a simple win earns 1 game point for each partner on the winning team and costs -1 for each loser. A soloist who wins with 61-90 card points earns 5 game points from each defender for a total of 15, costing each defender -5 game points. Points may be converted to money at an agreed tariff â see below.
860:
in which any suit may be named as trumps alongside the usual Obers and Unters. The declarer, this time as a soloist, plays alones against the three defenders who band together to try to prevent the declarer from winning. In most games, the target is for the declaring team or soloist to score at least
320:
in 1811. Some kind of
Schafkopf was current in Franconia (northern Bavaria) in the first half of the 19th century, but the distinct Bavarian form of the game is only positively recorded from 1879, since when it has become the dominant form, whereas German Schafkopf is only played in a number of local
5345:
Recently, the declining importance of the
Schafkopf game as a leisure activity, especially among young people, has been discussed in Bavarian media. This has also been viewed at the municipal level as an imminent loss of part of Bavarian identity; countermeasures are therefore receiving increasingly
4297:
is a classic negative contract where the soloist undertakes not to take a single trick. There are no trumps and, unlike the normal contracts, cards rank in their natural order: A K O U 10 9 8 7. A Bettel ranks above a Rufer and
Hochzeit and either just below a Geier/Wenz or between those and a Solo.
3183:
Part of the rich culture of
Schafkopf is the diverse range of optional contracts that may be added to classic or 'pure' Schafkopf. These contracts are rarely allowed in tournaments, but have a permanent place in many places where Schafkopf is played for leisure. The ranking of the most common add-on
585:- are rather poorly documented. This may be due, on the one hand, to its relatively low social reputation - in the first half of the 19th century Schafkopf was regarded as a comparatively unfashionable and simple "farmer's game" when seen against the backdrop of ever more popular card games (such as
2289:
when a player is dealt all 4 Obers and all 4 Unters The probability of this is 1 in 10,518,300 (in short cards 1 in 134,596). It is the only game that does not have to be played out; the hand is simply placed on the table. It normally scores four times the basic game value. In many
Bavarian pubs, a
5406:
In some localities, the local
Schafkopf club holds an 'Eichelober Ball', electing one of their number as the 'Eichelober' (Ober of Acorns), who wears a fancy hat and presides over ceremonial activities. He may be accompanied by Queen of the Ball. The ball may be funded by the penalty money amassed
3222:
The rules vary slightly from region to region. For example, they may stipulate that the wedding card must be placed face up on the table or may only be allowed if all players have passed. In the (rare) case that two players hold only one trump each, a Double
Wedding is also possible. The declaring
3253:
is a partnership variant played, for example, if all players have passed, after a Heart Solo or after a lost Solo. Usually a full round (four hands) is played. The players facing one another across the table automatically form teams. Although rules vary from region to region, it is usually agreed
1641:
A). The declarer must not have the Ace in question and must have at least one card of the same suit as the called Ace. The declarer and the owner of the called Ace then play together as a team and will combine their points won in tricks at the end. The other two become the defenders and will also
841:
Schafkopf is a four-player game in which players bid either to play with the aid of a partner or, if their hand is strong enough, to play alone against the other three players. Players receive eight cards from a 32-card, German-suited deck in which the suit ranking is A (high) 10 K O U 9 8 7.
446:
kopf was not uncommon in
Bavaria as an alternative spelling for Schafkopf; the ensuing discussion about the supposedly only correct form and its origin was the subject of extensive debate at that time - among other things in the columns of the Bavarian press - before the common variant
356:, Schafkopf is not really seen as a sport, but purely as a leisure activity. As a result, a large number of traditional rules and variants are used in private games, which can vary considerably from region to region. These common forms of the game are referred to as 'impure' Schafkopf (
5313:
is a form intermediate between
Bierkopf and Schafkopf. Again, there are fixed partnerships and no soloist games, but there is an auction and range of contracts with different trump mixes. Like Bierkopf, it is popular in Franconia and has also been produced as an app by Rackoon.
2653:
Seating is pre-determined and player 1 at each table is the first dealer. To shuffle a new pack, the Sixes are removed, the cards spread over the table, face down, and shuffled by all four players. Cards are shuffled a second time by another player before cutting.
4515:) any two cards face down to middlehand. If they are the two lords, middlehand has the same choice. This continues until the third player passes two cards to the dealer, who now has 8 cards. The player who has the two lords announces trumps and must play a
749:
had played and won a Heart Solo with no trumps. He had 2 Aces twice guarded and an Ace guarded singly, but no Tens; he led to the first trick and made 65 points to the astonishment of the other players with 14 trumps between them. In
594:
to distinguish it. In this older game, which had several variants, the declarer's team was generally determined by a combination of the two highest trump cards, in a not dissimilar manner to the way the Queens of Clubs are used in
2630:
Runners are trumps held by one side or the other in unbroken sequence from the highest downwards. They earn an additional 1 unit per runner provided that there are at least 3 runners in a Rufer or Solo, or at least 2 in a Wenz.
4400:
games or rounds are those for which there is double tariff. Players may agree beforehand that they will occur, for example, after the cards are thrown in, after a lost solo or doubled game, after a game ends 60-all and/or after
533:
The special feature of
Bavarian Schafkopf, the selection of a playing partner by 'calling' a Sow (= Deuce, but often called an Ace), was also usual in German Solo; the determination of the winning team by counting card points
754:
in 1881 at a private shooting club party, a gentlemen, Johann Weigel, played and won a Schafkopf without any of the 8 "matadors", which the defenders had to pay on scoring only 59, resulting in long faces and complaining. In
714:
in 1895, in which the author explicitly explains the differences from Schafkopf variants played in northern Germany, i.e. Skat and Doppelkopf. The 1876 poem is reprinted although the author clearly did not know its origin.
697:
in 1876 which not only lists all 14 trumps, but also the contracts of Rufer and Solo as well as features such as the called Ace and losing Schneider. However, the oldest actual rule set for Bavarian Schafkopf is found in
475:). To this day, such casks are used as tables at beer stands and beer halls. Although this hypothesis is unanimously rejected by experts and there is no evidence for it in older sources, it is widespread on the Internet.
458:
The issue was largely forgotten when author Wolfgang Peschel argued in the early 1990s for the double 'f' spelling based on the popular traditional view that, in earlier times, the game was supposed to have been played
430:
acquired its name at a time when it was played for up to nine or twelve points which were marked with a piece of chalk as lines on a board, gradually forming the stylized appearance of a sheep's head (German:
5328:
Schafkopf, as a genuine leisure pursuit, is, by definition, not organized; nevertheless, many clubs in public life, such as sports or shooting clubs, but also breweries and restaurants, regularly organize
783:. And in 1931, master signwriter M. Schleicher "had the good fortune to be able to play a Solo-Tout with the 8 highest cards "; clearly it was not called a "Sie" at that time, nor was it won without play.
6183:
5214:
A shortened pack is also used for three-hand Schafkopf, players still receiving eight cards as in standard Schafkopf. However, only soloist games (e.g. Wenz, Geier and Solo, but not Rufer) are possible.
589:
or Skat), especially at the universities - and, on the other hand, to changes in concept: originally the name referred to its forerunner, located more or less in the Saxon-Thuringian area and now called
5286:("beer head") is a very simplified form of Schafkopf that is a useful entry-level game. Players play in fixed partnerships, there is no auction and trumps are fixed as Obers, Unters and Hearts, as in a
4507:
O (the 2 highest lords) are removed from the pack before dealing; the dealer deals as usual, but receives only 6 cards. Forehand picks up the 2 cards and must decide whether to pass them on or play a
2731:
The following example is a typical point scoring scheme for social Schafkopf. It may be converted to a payment scheme by setting e.g. 1 point = 10 cents which corresponds to a 10/20 payment system.
1666:
of the called suit and that suit has not already been played, a lower card may be led, and the called Ace held back. This is 'running away' and the called Ace is referred to as the 'Running Sow' (
4017:), the Unters are the highest trumps and, in addition, a trump suit is also chosen. The Obers revert to their normal suits which leaves eleven trumps. Thus there are four distinct contracts:
5978:
2368:
are counted for each side and the game is scored. The declarer's team (declarer plus partner) or soloist must score at least 61 points, which means that the defenders only need 60 to win.
876:
in the legal sense by the relevant section of the act, § 284 StGB, and may therefore be played in Germany for money. The tariff must be settled before the game starts. Especially in
615:. The assumption often heard in Bavaria that Skat and Doppelkopf developed from the Bavarian Schafkopf is unlikely; a development of all three games from German Schafkopf is more likely.
1178:â which are universally known and the only ones permitted at most tournaments. The following description takes account of the official rules published by the Schafkopf School in Munich.
1267:
Forehand opens by saying "pass" if not wishing to bid, or "I'll play" to bid any contract. If forehand passes, the next player in turn has the same options, and so on round the table.
1114:("Sow") and, despite having "A" as a corner index, displays two suit symbols at each end. This is because the Ace was dropped from German packs very early on and later replaced by the
3203:("Wedding" or "Marriage"). The player who picks up the card first (the dealer invites them to do so in clockwise order) passes a non-trump card face down in exchange to the "suitor" (
900:. This is for the standard Schafkopf with 'long cards' or with a 'long pack' in which eight cards are dealt to each player. There is also a variant played with 'short cards' called
4871:
doubles the game again. In some circles, forehand may lay, but a subsequent player may only lay if the player beforehand has done so. This is called laying "one after the other" (
3580:
is a contract in which only the Obers are trumps. There are thus 11 trumps and the Unters take their place between the King and Nine of their respective suits. It ranks below a
514:
as well as the selection of a contract by announcing and bidding, probably originate from these games. However, it is likely that the distinctive Bavarian game was derived from
316:. The earliest written reference to the earlier form of Schafkopf â now known as German Schafkopf â dates to 1780, although it only came to notice through the polite society of
655:
or 'Call Ace' contract in the first half of the 19th century - apparently in Franconia. The first clear mention of a game of Schafkopf played according to Bavarian rules (in
4563:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4263:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3688:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3385:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2030:
1964:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1719:
1638:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1418:
1394:
182:
146:
121:
5719:
4727:
4569:
4551:
4498:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3801:
3670:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3367:
3297:
2694:
games (the 'unit') and a higher rate for Wenz and Solo games, usually 2 or 5 units, chosen for ease of calculation and coin size. For example, if 5 cents is the rate for a
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2036:
2012:
1946:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1701:
1626:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1400:
1376:
675:) was more popular. The question about the origin of the Bavarian Schafkopf cannot be answered conclusively, but available sources suggest a migration from north to south.
164:
128:
103:
4557:
4504:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3813:
3807:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3682:
3676:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3379:
3373:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2048:
2042:
2024:
2018:
1958:
1952:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1713:
1707:
1632:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1388:
1382:
176:
170:
154:
140:
134:
115:
109:
2350:
picks it up and places it face down in a pile on the table. The winner of the trick leads to the next trick and so on, until all 32 cards - 8 tricks - have been played.
2232:) â the Obers and Unters remain the highest trumps, but the soloist is free to choose any suit as trumps, its cards then ranking in the usual aceâten order (see table).
4438:
if the players bidding before him have all passed). There is no declarer and each player plays individually against everyone else. The same trump cards apply as for a
5160:) is "short Schafkopf", also called "sharp Schafkopf", which is played with just 24 cards, the 7s and 8s being removed. This is called playing with a "short pack" (
1600:
in the same order; and then the remaining Hearts cards - in the order Ace, Ten, King, Nine, Eight, Seven, making a total of 14 trumps (see table). All the rest are
833:) in 2007 which has published a revised version on its website. The School of Schafkopf has established itself as an authority on questions of rule interpretation.
6998:
2278:, card points are irrelevant; the soloist must take every trick to win. If the defenders take a single trick â even one with no card points â the soloist loses. A
6177:
4685:): there is no auction and players compete individually under normal rules. Whoever wins the third trick, must announce a solo contract. In the version called
289:
way of life. Schafkopf is a mentally demanding pastime that is considered "the supreme discipline of Bavarian card games" and "the mother of all trump games."
3294:
contract and the most common outcome in tournaments in the event that all four players pass. In this event, the owner of a particular card (almost always the
1118:. The Deuces used to bear illustrations of a wild boar, hence the nickname "sow". Today, only the Ace of Bells retains a wild boar image. The King, normally
4469:, a local variant, where the tricks are passed on clockwise at the end of the game, and where the player who has the fewest points at the end also wins.
5397:), who plays Schafkopf regularly with 3 companions - a police officer, lawyer and priest â who routinely help her solve crime in her local Bavarian town.
2720:, then 10 cents is the basic tariff for Schneider and runners (see below); 20 cents is paid for a Rufer and for Schwarz and 50 cents for a Wenz or Solo.
4462:
contract: either the loser pays the basic rate or a specially agreed rate to all players or the two players with the most points pay to the other two.
7155:
4734:, then deals the first hand of the final round. For the last round, special rules sometimes apply (double game values, only Solo games or the like).
545:
A possible ancestor of Schafkopf is the game of Scharwenzel, first recorded in Leipzig in 1715, but this is known in two forms. In northern Germany,
6924:
Die deutschen Kartenspiele oder Anleitung die ĂŒblichen gesellschaftlichen Spiele mit der deutschen Karte als Solo, Kontra, Schafkopf....zu lernen.
2645:(over 90) and 30 cents for 3 runners making a total game value of 60 cents. Thus she earns 180 cents in total; each opponent paying her 60 cents.
2334:
Once the contract has been announced, forehand leads to the first trick and then the other players play a card in clockwise order. Players must
2614:
it is increased by 2 units (whether the game has been won by the declarer's team or the defenders has no effect on the tariff). The payment of
6797:
2356:
If a trick is not yet completed (i.e. the cards are still face up on the table), each player has the right to ask to see the previous trick.
1645:
The player with the called Ace, may not reveal this and is only discovered during play. Strict rules apply to the playing of the called Ace:
6782:
5261:): the game is played with 'short cards'. Each player is dealt 8 cards and only Solo or Wenz are played. It is not permitted in tournaments.
4665:
of his or her choice. After the end of the round the player with the poorest Solo result makes a pre-agreed payment to the three winners. (
861:
61 of the 120 card points available. There are bonuses for scoring over 3/4 of the points or taking all eight tricks. An exception are the
2723:
In private rounds the minimun number of runners in all contracts may be set at 3. A maximum may also be set at anything between 4 and 14.
8531:
5419:
recognized card game records only if they were based on a French deck of 52 cards. Only after the intervention of Bavarian broadcasters,
4053:", thus concealing their strong suit. If that player wins the auction, the suit is clarified by saying e.g. "I'm playing a "Bell Wenz".
1338:
If two players have equal bids, the earlier bidder has the priority. Once either passes, the next player in turn must overcall or pass.
1319:
The first bidder may hold again by saying "myself". The second bidder would now have to announce an intention to take all eight tricks (
1077:. The cards in any one suit have a collective value of 30 points; thus there are 120 points to be played for in the pack. The values in
722:, typically played for low stakes. An 1876 table of "card game tariffs" gives 3 levels of payment. In the cheapest, a single game was 3
5337:("Schafkopf races"). Despite the comparatively uniform rules of these tournaments, there are still considerable regional differences.
4901:
Taking all the possible contracts, bonuses and doubling mechanisms, results in the following scheme for calculating the game value if
4458:("maiden") (i.e. one or two players do not make a trick, the loser pays twice or four times). There are no fixed rules for settling a
2716:
Sometimes the tariff includes a third sum to counteract the sometimes disproportionate effect of bonuses. For example, if the rate is
4302:, the rate for a soloist game is often used as the basis for calculation, sometimes a separate rate is determined. Variants include:
3184:
contracts is shown in the table alongside the standard Schafkopf contracts (* = classification regionally very different).
794:) in which the declarer called for a non-trump Ace and its holder became the declarer's partner and Hearts were always trumps; and a
2577:
If Schafkopf is played for money, the winnings are paid out after the end of each hand. The unit of payment (e.g. 5 cents) and the
2581:(the rate for the different games) must be agreed beforehand. In the official rules the game value for the different contracts is:
6491:
2678:
In social games, the cutter may instruct the dealer to deal the cards differently e.g. "all eight" instead of 2 packets of 4, or
6477:
6506:
6373:
2690:
Social games are often played for small stakes where e.g. 1 unit = 5 cents. The tariff is usually made up of a lower rate for
7148:
7052:
7015:
6956:
6850:
4049:). During the bidding process, if two players bid and need to clarify their contracts, a player need only say e.g. "I have a
1126:
and many of the cards, individually or collectively have nicknames. Among the more important are the Unters which are called
6536:
6389:
5781:
It is common for the defenders to lead the called suit in order to 'draw out' the called Ace and establish the partnerships.
2410:) contracts, in which the soloist must take all eight tricks to win. If the defenders take one trick, the soloist has lost.
8477:
8468:
7417:
6901:
439:= head). However, evidence of such notation is not found in the Bavarian context where it was invariably played for money.
6416:
Schwarzmann (1876), p. 862. The RCB cites the author as J.B.Câ. but several later sources cite L. Schwarzmann of Sulzbach.
6163:
5587:"Schafkopf Booklet - Detailed Instructions for Learning and Improving at the Game of Schafkopf Using German-Suited Cards."
1202:
by the player to the right. When cutting, at least three cards must be lifted or left. The pack may be cut up to 3 times.
478:
Another theory, which dates to the mid-19th century, is that it comes from "Schaffen" and "Kopf", "to work one's brain".
2353:
Failure to follow suit, criticising or verbally trying to influence the game generally results in the loss of the game.
6879:
1971:
between the King and Nine. Hearts are no longer trumps and there is no option to name another suit as trumps as in the
1209:, to the left. Each player receives 8 cards in two rounds: being given 4 cards in the first round and 4 in the second.
7029:
802:
any suit and played alone against three defenders. During the 20th century, however, other contracts began to emerge.
6916:
6864:
6127:
6054:
6011:
6822:
3340:
These games, too, are generally only of regional significance, as a result only the most common are described here.
2641:
with 91 card points having had the 3 highest Obers. From each opponent she earns 20 cents for the win, 10 cents for
852:
A player with high trumps and a long suit may risk a soloist game of which there are two in standard Schafkopf: the
8501:
8453:
7141:
6963:
6521:
8526:
8516:
7117:
6047:
Bayerisch Schaffkopfen - Wissenswertes, Humoriges; mit den offiziellen Regeln des Bayerischen Schaffkopf-Vereins.
1659:
A player may not lead another card of the called suit while holding the called Ace back with the exception below.
6731:
6312:
Royalisten und Republicaner. Aus der Zeit der französischen Republik. Zweite Abtheilung: Graf Larochejacquelein,
659:) dates to the year 1849; and while Schapfkopf playing in Franconia was already widespread in the 1840s, in the
8459:
6149:
1000:
451:
kopf became widely accepted from about 1970. However, it was not a new argument. In 1862, the family monthly,
4527:
is also possible with 3 cards being set aside or with 4 cards, in which case all 4 Obers are removed and the
7000:
Schafkopf-BĂŒchlein - Detailliche Anleitung zum Lernen und Verbessern des Schafkopfspiel mit deutschen Karten
1588:
is the normal contract and the one played about 80% of the time. It is a partnership game in which the four
970:
708:
Schafkopf-BĂŒchlein - Detailliche Anleitung zum Lernen und Verbessern des Schafkopfspiel mit deutschen Karten
360:) in contrast with 'pure' or standard Schafkopf which is played in tournaments. The name is sometimes spelt
273:, where it is their national card game played by around two million people, but it also played elsewhere in
8521:
8330:
8326:
7048:
Vols. III. and IV., Munich 1837, 2nd edn. 1877 (combined into Vol. 2) by Georg Karl Frommann, p. 378.
5251:
990:
980:
6660:
8050:
7969:
7707:
7580:
7177:
5355:
which is not always intelligible to outsiders. The game has also entered Bavarian culture in other ways:
2320:" This must be done before the second card is played to the first trick. The declarer may redouble with "
1649:
It must be played if its suit is led to a trick, even if the called player has another card of that suit.
741:
Schafkopf competitions were frequently reported in the newspapers along with unusual feats. In 1880, the
6717:
5726:
is played, each person partnering the one opposite (this is often a tournament rule), or c) they play a
8511:
8409:
7168:
6402:
4454:, which correspond to a "sweep" or "slam", i.e. one player takes all the tricks to wins the game, and
7637:
4859:): after picking up their first packet of 4 cards (3 in Short Schafkopf), players in turn may 'lay' (
4810:
Eight Cards: players may double as they play their first card and redouble as they play their second.
2308:
A defender who might have a stronger hand than the declarer may double the game value by announcing "
7074:
8506:
7949:
6944:, No. 97, November 2018, pp. 25/26, Accessible in the Internet at Stadtzeitung Burgau aktuell.
6138:
5416:
369:
249:
6208:
4361:
Sometimes special games rounds with different rules are played after certain events (for example,
3332:
player holds all three side suit Aces himself, a Ten may be called or, failing that, even a King.
1293:
When a second bid is made, the first bidder must either pass or say "I'll play myself", to play a
826:
630:" and they go to look for a pack of cards. It also appears in a 1782 Saxon schedule of penalties,
7549:
7489:
7262:
6857:
Schafkopf und Doppelkopf - FĂŒr AnfĂ€nger und Fortgeschrittene. Regeln und Taktik. Praktische Tipps
6831:
4353:
Sometimes variants are played where the Obers and Unters are trumps, but there is no trump suit.
1256:
will be played. Players have one opportunity to bid and do so in clockwise order, beginning with
897:
880:
it is normally played for small stakes to make it more interesting and the players more focused.
352:) and form guidelines for the detail of the game and the conduct of the players. However, unlike
6982:
5992:
4434:
is a contract often played if no-one has bid (often the 'last man' has the option of announcing
2342:. The trick is won by the highest trump or, if no trumps are played, by the highest card of the
8213:
7899:
5507:
5492:
1620:
1257:
1249:
1206:
4888:): after picking up their first packet of 4 cards (3 in Short Schafkopf), players may 'knock (
3304:
has some special features: the game is won if the declarer's team score 60 card points and is
656:
618:
The game of Schafkopf is first recorded in the 1780s in the literature. In Hartmann's comedy,
8349:
8275:
8218:
7225:
4641:): After a lost solo, a round played in which forehand must always play and is automatically
1304:
If the first bidder says "I'll play myself", the second must pass unless intending to play a
893:
759:
in 1888, a similar feat was reported: in a game of "the noble Schaffkopf" a player had won a
503:
313:
6770:
7874:
7849:
7412:
7324:
5448:
5420:
5330:
5323:
1656:
if the led card is of a different suit, even though the called player is void in that suit.
1596:â in the order (highest to lowest) Acorns, Leaves, Hearts and Bells â followed by the four
1187:
1115:
1070:
780:
523:
6441:
4720:
A Schafkopf session traditionally ends with the words "the old man deals the last round" (
8:
7422:
7407:
4689:, the soloist is the first to three tricks; if all take two, it is scored as in a Ramsch.
4584:
Of the myriad special contracts, often regional or local, a selection is described here:
1928:
1134:
contract. The Nines, Eights and Sevens, which have no point value and are only of use as
1066:
1062:
889:
599:
today, for example. The variants played in the Palatinate and in the USA (especially in
322:
5346:
wide support. More and more adult education centres in Bavaria offer Schafkopf courses.
1278:
with "I'll play too". By overcalling, a player commits to a playing a soloist contract (
502:
through the courtly circles of France in the late 17th century), its four-hand variant,
8296:
8233:
8182:
8147:
8093:
7809:
7511:
7354:
7277:
5718:
5437:
5227:
4726:
4568:
4556:
4550:
4503:
4497:
4319:. The declarer's cards are placed face up after the first trick. Double the value of a
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3296:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1670:). There are no restrictions on a Running Sow; it is played as any other side suit Ace.
1631:
1625:
1593:
1105:
1038:
1030:
1022:
779:
a player won a Bell Solo by 4 points with the Ace and Nine of Leaves, but not a single
511:
262:
175:
169:
163:
153:
139:
133:
127:
114:
108:
102:
6238:
6122:
Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 246, David Parlett - Oxford University Press 1996
6097:
649:
The specifically Bavarian variant of the game originated with the introduction of the
8301:
8248:
8177:
7854:
7647:
7592:
7527:
7506:
7443:
7432:
7297:
7251:
7235:
7164:
7011:
6952:
6912:
6897:
6875:
6860:
6846:
6747:
6123:
6050:
6007:
5865:
5560:
Thuringia as such did not exist at the time but much of the area was ruled by Saxony.
5527:
5365:
5351:
5247:
5208:
4562:
3687:
3587:
There are similar contract variants in which another card denomination is entrumped:
2981:
2373:
1963:
1637:
1046:
608:
499:
486:
The indirect precursors of the various games of the Schafkopf family (which includes
301:
258:
181:
145:
120:
6325:
1673:
If the called Ace is not led or demanded earlier, it must be left to the last trick.
341:
are simple variants which make a useful introduction to the more complex Schafkopf.
8188:
8137:
8040:
7914:
7889:
7677:
7632:
7622:
7607:
7559:
7448:
7369:
7308:
7219:
7213:
6223:
6022:
5522:
5442:
5196:
5192:
5153:
4807:
First (Card): doubling is only allowed as the first card is led to the first trick.
4706:
4443:
1253:
806:, in which the player with the most points loses, appears in 1933 and is joined by
768:
612:
591:
582:
515:
491:
353:
305:
297:
266:
229:
5389:
is the title of an early evening programme which was aired by German broadcaster,
2610:
at the end of the game, the value of the game is increased by 1 unit. If they are
821:
The rules of the game were officially established by the Bavarian Schafkopf Club (
8120:
8098:
8070:
8006:
7985:
7884:
7719:
7516:
7464:
7385:
7374:
7287:
7207:
7202:
7133:
6641:
6359:
6310:
6187:
6142:
5482:
5394:
5188:
5165:
5157:
2383:: taking all tricks. At 31 card points the declarer's team or soloist are out of
2379:
1935:
the declarer plays against the other three players. The only trumps are the four
1085:
764:
719:
668:
660:
539:
7944:
7904:
7090:
5376:, Max Griesser describes the course of a Hearts Solo during a game of Schafkopf.
2561:
The scale of win and type of contract determine the game points awarded using a
7929:
7739:
7292:
7230:
6971:
6940:
Jedelhauser, Philipp (2018). âDas Schafkopfspiel, VergnĂŒgen und Traditionâ, in
5204:
4759:
4316:
4293:
3321:
2578:
2338:. If they are unable to do so, they may either play a trump or any card from a
643:
7500:
5517:
3199:
A player with only one trump, may place it face down on the table and offer a
570:
8495:
8429:
8344:
8311:
8238:
7919:
7834:
7627:
7474:
7379:
7111:
6751:
6592:
5707:
5703:
5502:
5200:
4466:
3291:
3127:
2347:
1653:
1221:
942:
929:
916:
873:
751:
731:
639:
7672:
7125:
776:
672:
8425:
8364:
8064:
7980:
7667:
7554:
7544:
7344:
7339:
6965:
Der gewandte Kartenspieler: 2. Der Schaffkopf: ein geistreiches Kartenspiel
5697:
Alternatively, in social settings, either a) the cards are thrown in and a
2407:
2247:
1968:
1271:
1217:
1213:
1191:
1018:
955:
862:
746:
700:
Der gewandte Kartenspieler: 2. Der Schaffkopf: ein geistreiches Kartenspiel
664:
414:
7521:
7023:
Bayerisch Schaffkopfen: Wissenswertes - Humoriges - Offizielle Spielreglen
6798:"Guinnessbuch der Rekorde: Der Schafkopf-Weltrekord ist wieder in MĂŒnchen"
5126:
4666:
3275:
if there has been no Contra or laying, the team leading to the first trick
2326:" before the second card is played. The role of declarer does not switch.
678:
344:
The first official rules were established by the Bavarian Schafkopf Club (
8435:
8389:
8316:
8198:
8193:
8142:
7779:
7729:
7662:
7469:
7334:
7319:
5497:
5373:
5169:
2985:
2335:
1623:. To choose a playing partner, the declarer 'calls' for a non-trump Ace (
1199:
825:) at the 1st Bavarian Schafkopf Congress on 17 December 1989 in Munich's
586:
581:
The origin and development of the game of Schafkopf - in comparison with
554:
550:
546:
507:
495:
309:
265:
for four players that evolved, towards the end of the 19th century, from
59:
7396:
7391:
6271:
5980:
Bayerische Kartenspiele: Vom Aussterben bedroht: Retten Sie das Karteln!
2294:
is honoured by the custom of no longer using the cards, but framing the
1232:
703:
8286:
8167:
8108:
8023:
7954:
7814:
7799:
7652:
7642:
7359:
7257:
7070:, 3rd annual edn., Amberg, Saturday 10 June, p. 375 (in Internet).
6295:
5477:
5292:. The game is highly popular in Franconia where it is often played for
2698:
and the Wenz/Solo rate is 20 cents, the basic tariff is referred to as
2365:
1135:
1078:
596:
487:
426:, most of which come from traditional folklore. One suggestion is that
382:
293:
3663:, Leaves are trumps as well as the four Obers. The trump ranking in a
1607:
A player who wishes to play with the help of a partner may announce a
566:
8379:
8291:
8259:
8228:
8203:
8152:
8034:
8028:
7894:
7879:
7824:
7804:
7754:
7734:
7402:
7364:
7246:
7096:
6028:
5467:
4705:) any card from another player's hand and give any card in exchange (
2346:. Once there are four cards on the table, the player who has won the
2339:
1601:
1270:
As soon as someone offers to 'play', a subsequent player must either
1074:
869:) contracts, in which the soloist must take all eight tricks to win.
604:
600:
527:
317:
286:
282:
7282:
2980:
If playing for money, players may pre-agree that each player puts a
1943:, hence the name of the contract. They rank from highest to lowest:
8359:
8281:
8103:
8076:
7859:
7844:
7819:
7759:
7692:
7682:
7657:
7484:
7453:
7437:
7349:
6934:
5512:
5472:
5283:
5278:
4609:): three rounds are played, during which each player has to play a
2562:
2343:
1275:
1195:
334:
225:
7784:
7602:
7240:
5462:
4413:
round, the next four deals are played at double the usual tariff.
2391:). For the defending team, the game is won with only 60 points, a
8421:
8339:
8270:
8172:
8157:
8088:
8082:
8017:
7959:
7924:
7864:
7839:
7829:
7774:
7769:
7749:
7697:
7687:
7569:
7533:
7427:
7329:
7302:
6694:
877:
799:
723:
519:
278:
274:
270:
49:
8369:
7612:
7597:
7107:
6657:
5706:
is played in which the game value is doubled, or b) they play a
5578:"The Skilful Card Player: 2. Schafkopf: an Ingenious Card Game."
3320:) by having no suit in which to call an Ace, it is permitted to
2657:
In some Schafkopf tournaments there is a special variant of the
2298:
hand on the wall together with the date and name of the player.
1341:
If all pass, the cards are thrown in and the next dealer deals.
526:
and spread to Franconia in northern Bavaria through what is now
8374:
8354:
8243:
8223:
8208:
8162:
8131:
8126:
8011:
7990:
7939:
7934:
7869:
7794:
7789:
7744:
7724:
7538:
7479:
7459:
7313:
7272:
5921:
The token could be e.g. a matchbox, special coin or bottle top.
5487:
5310:
5305:
5296:(litres) of beer. It has been reproduced as an app by Rackoon.
4430:
4424:
3328:) by calling an Ace without having a card of that suit. If the
771:, a player was dealt all eight matadors, a feat now known as a
756:
711:
338:
233:
6006:
Foster's Skat Manual, p. 3, R. F. Foster - Averill Press 2008
4824:
Knocking: In some circles, doubling is announced by knocking (
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3384:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2029:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1718:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1417:
1393:
689:
The earliest clear description of the game appears in a poem,
538:), instead of tricks, however, has another origin, perhaps in
8394:
8265:
8114:
8001:
7996:
7909:
7764:
7617:
7564:
7494:
7267:
7197:
7191:
5223:
The following variants exist for two, three or five players:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4081:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3800:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3366:
3312:
with 90 points). In addition, no Contra may be given. If the
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2035:
2011:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1700:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1399:
1375:
1084:
The Obers and Unters were collectively known historically as
845:
The lowest contract and by far the most commonly played is a
565:
Q. In Bavaria there was a different game that was related to
281:. It is an official cultural asset and important part of the
6695:"Schafkopfrennen Turniere - Deutscher Schafkopf Verein e.V."
33:
8417:
8399:
8384:
8306:
5532:
4749:
Variations of the official procedure for doubling include:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4133:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3812:
3806:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3378:
3372:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2047:
2041:
2023:
2017:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1712:
1706:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1387:
1381:
1081:
are: Ace 11, Ten 10, King 4, Ober 3, Unter 2, remainder 0.
7063:), Nro. 4. Sunday 9 January 1876. Regensburg: J. Reitmayr.
818:, now standard, was still being described as a variation.
348:) in 1989. These were revised by the School of Schafkopf (
7101:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6083:
5983:
at www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de. Retrieved 17 August 2018
5390:
786:
In the early rule sets, there were only two contracts: a
6845:
19th edition. Hanover: Humboldt (2017), pp. 32â38.
6081:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6041:
6039:
6037:
5805:
in which a trump suit is nominated alongside the Unters.
5393:
in 2012. It stars a female detective, Sandra (played by
3736:
The corresponding contracts for the other variants are:
1110:
For historical reasons the Ace is known in Bavaria as a
872:
Schafkopf is not classed by the German authorities as a
422:
There are various theories about the origin of the name
5218:
3659:
in which a suit is also nominated as trumps. Thus in a
3269:
if no Stoss or Contra has been said, the first team to
888:
Schafkopf is a four-handed game played with a 32-card,
611:) should be understood as further developments of this
6911:, Niederhausen: Falken (1975/1979), pp. 111â114.
6675:, Niedernhausen im Taunus: Falken-Verlag, 1980, p. 40.
6207:
H. Burger, E. Fischer, H. Riehl-Heyse, J. Blaumeiser:
5847:
In the short game, the 4 Obers and 2 top Unters are a
5246:), a Schafkopf-like game with diverse rules. See also
1260:. The ranking of the contracts in ascending order is:
573:
in which the 4 Unters and possibly 4 Nines were wild.
6787:
at www.oberschneiding.de. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
6060:
6034:
1331:" or, in the rare event of being dealt all 8 lords, "
5268:): as per normal Schafkopf, but the dealer sits out.
4804:, etc. â are allowed, each doubling the game value.
4311:: a variant found in many regions which is simply a
2618:
is a matter of honour and paid voluntarily, whereas
2395:
is achieved with just 90 points and they are out of
1194:; the player with the highest card wins. The dealer
557:
but with the 4 Unters as permanent trumps below the
6225:
Die Naturgeschichte nach Wort und Spruch des Volkes
3223:team is the pair that announced the first Wedding.
1186:Four players sit crosswise at the table. The first
626:) published in 1780, Platz tells his brother that "
442:
Until the late 1960s, the alternative spelling Scha
7163:
6361:Rhapsodia quaestionum in foro quotidie obunientum,
6098:Schafkopf Rules of the Bavarian Schafkopf School (
4892:) in clockwise order; each knock doubles the game.
1248:Before play, there is an auction to determine the
6151:SchwÀnke und Gedichte in sauerlÀndischer Mundart,
706:in 1884. This was followed a decade later by the
510:. The distinction between variable and permanent
8493:
7031:Deutsches Magazin: ein illustrirtes Familienbuch
6887:Der "Bayerische" Schafkopf: Strategie u. Taktik.
6838:, 8th edition, Dresden (1988), pp. 177â180.
6392:, 3rd volume, No. 1 date 1 January 1843, p. 375.
6259:Deutsches Magazin: ein illustrirtes Familienbuch
5152:A popular variant in parts of eastern Bavarian (
4896:
4343:but Obers, Unters and hearts are trumps as in a
3187:
2285:The highest possible contract in Schafkopf is a
1604:cards and rank in the same order as the Hearts.
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6493:OberfrÀnkische Zeitung und Bayreuther Anzeiger.
6100:Schafkopfregeln der Bayerischen Schafkopfschule
5864:The origin of the name is uncertain, but may a
4531:must be determined before the cards are dealt.
3598:König, Keni, Krone, Habicht, Adler, HĂŒhnergeier
829:These were updated by the School of Schafkopf (
26:"The supreme discipline of Bavarian card games"
5551:In both senses: the sheep's head and the game.
1166:) Schafkopf comprises three basic contracts â
7149:
6987:, Vol. 4 (QâS). NeumĂŒnster: Wachholtz Verlag.
6555:, 84th Yr, No. 143, Friday 29 May 1931, p. 2.
6239:"Rules and Regulations of Bavarian Schafkopf"
5172:specifically for the short game and labelled
4661:is played. In each case forehand must play a
3219:("Double Wedding"), two cards are exchanged.
2713:(equivalent to the Schafkopf School tariff).
2702:. In social games, the most common rates are
636:Zechen und Spielen an Werktagen und Sonntagen
300:. These three and the North American game of
7010:. London: Penguin (2008), pp. 225â229.
6610:
6326:"Bauernstoss, ein Kartenspiel aus Erfweiler"
5997:at viertreff.de. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
4495:) is played as a full round of 4 deals. The
3335:
3308:free with 30 points (correspondingly won as
1262:Rufer, Wenz, Solo, Wenz Tout, Solo Tout, Sie
576:
6976:Das GroĂe Haus- und Familienbuch der Spiele
6836:Erweitetes SpielregelbĂŒchlein aus Altenburg
6673:Schafkopf, Doppelkopf... u.a. "Lokalspiele"
6647:at bibel-forum.de. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
6637:
6635:
5818:was sometimes ranked higher that the other
4519:against the rest. If none wishes to play a
1212:The role of dealer rotates clockwise; four
856:, in which only Unters are trumps, and the
646:in the legal sense and was thus permitted.
642:for example, it was not to be considered a
632:Drinking and Gaming on Workdays and Sundays
39:The Obers and Unters - permanent top trumps
7156:
7142:
7076:Schafkopf: Ein Versuch, Wisssen zu sammeln
6171:
5760:("partnership game") are also encountered.
4356:
3631:: only the Sevens are trumps. Ranks above
3207:) and becomes the partner. In the variant
1205:The dealer deals clockwise beginning with
1061:There are eight cards in each suit: Ace,
638:), typically with the remark that, unlike
304:descend from an earlier game, also called
32:
7130:- rules for 'short' Schafkopf (in German)
6992:Schafkopf: Das anspruchsvolle Kartenspiel
6949:Schafkopf for Expats and English Speakers
6678:
5383:by Andreas Föhr also deals with the game.
5372:("Hearts are Trumps (then call ...)") by
5349:Schafkopf has its own language, known as
4511:. Either way, forehand passes (pushes or
3596:: only the Kings are trumps. Also called
1308:, which is announced by saying "I have a
312:which, in turn, is the German version of
7041:. Minden (Westphalia): Albrecht Philler.
6643:Spielregeln fĂŒr den "unreinen" Schafkopf
6632:
6567:
6436:
6434:
5125:
3616:: only the Tens are trumps. Ranks below
2595:
2250:, by taking every trick, may announce a
1231:
677:
506:, and its simplified German derivative,
413:
7104:site dedicated to Schafkopf (in German)
6872:Schafkopf: Mit Taktik zum Erfolg Band 1
6771:Schafkopf â a bissel was geht immer ZDF
6722:at sauspiel.de. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
6424:
6422:
6378:Der Zuschauer an der Pegnitz (NĂŒrnberg)
5358:
5340:
5333:in Bavaria, where they are also called
5317:
4579:
4389:
2282:usually doubles the normal game value.
1190:is usually decided by drawing from the
994:Hearts symbol of Bavarian playing cards
984:Leaves symbol of Bavarian playing cards
823:Bayerischer Schafkopf-Verein e. V.
8494:
6576:
6390:OberpfÀlzisches Zeitblatt (Regensburg)
6380:, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2 January 1849, p 12.
5880:which mean "you" (informal, singular).
5876:is the formal form of the German word
4875:) as opposed to "all over the place" (
1004:Bells symbol of Bavarian playing cards
974:Acorn symbol of Bavarian playing cards
7137:
6431:
5407:during the year by playing the game.
5207:. It is also played in the county of
4701:: the soloist is allowed to 'pluck' (
4548:) from Munich. Forehand is given the
4065:
3778:
3352:
3007:
1989:
1686:
1360:
1157:
1138:, are variously known as "sparrows" (
494:), were the Spanish national game of
368:
253:, lit. 'sheep's head'), also called
248:
6419:
6404:Land und Leute im Bayerischen Walde,
5370:Herz ist Trumpf (Dann rufst du an âŠ)
5219:Two-, Three- and Five-Hand Schafkopf
2377:: scoring 91 points or more and for
1274:, by saying "play on" or "good", or
1242:3: Rearhand, cuts the pack, bids 3rd
901:
775:. In 1929, it was reported that, in
745:reported that a Schafkopf player in
418:Traditional Schafkopf scoring system
7119:Traditionelles Stammtisch-VergnĂŒgen
6984:Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wörterbuch
6929:Hartmann, Andreas Gottlieb (1780).
6800:. Augsburger Allgemeine. 2013-11-15
5387:Schafkopf â a bissel was geht immer
4739:
3300:O) must play the game as declarer.
2648:
2266:outranks all other contracts and a
836:
518:, itself a game that originated in
13:
8532:Card games introduced in the 1840s
7066:_ (1843) Bayer. Staatsbibliothek:
7061:Beiblatt zum Regensburger Tagblatt
7044:Schmeller, Johann Andreas (1837).
7034:, Vol. 1. Berlin: Oswald Seehagen.
6889:MĂŒnchener Kommissionsbuchh. 64 pp.
6776:
6656:All these variants are covered at
6410:
5748:("Call game") in German, although
5744:(lit. "Caller") is usually called
5121:
4828:) on the table or by saying e.g. "
4817:the defenders take over the game (
3213:("Farmers' Wedding"), also called
1122:in German, is often nicknamed the
999:
989:
979:
969:
673:true Tarock game played in Austria
14:
8543:
7084:
6300:at nsv.de. Retrieved 15 June 2022
5972:
5838:in Bavarian and "too" in English.
4813:Taking over the Game: by calling
1244:4: Dealer, deals cards, bids last
8449:
8448:
7057:Regensburger Conversations-Blatt
6951:. Ahrensburg: Tredition Verlag.
6896:. Niedernhausen: Falken (1994).
6745:
6210:Bavaria's Prussians are the best
6145:Schwameldirk (En FastowendstĂŒck)
5834:is French for "all"; pronounced
5717:
4915:
4796:, further doubling calls â e.g.
4725:
4657:has been won, a round of forced
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4523:the cards are either thrown in.
4502:
4496:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4123:
4117:
4111:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4062:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3775:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3349:
3295:
3011:
2733:
2726:
2412:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
1986:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1683:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1357:
695:Regensburger Conversations-Blatt
628:I thought we'd play a Schaafkopf
180:
174:
168:
162:
152:
151:A 10 K 9 8 7 (Solo/Rufer Trump,
144:
138:
132:
126:
119:
113:
107:
101:
6815:
6790:
6764:
6739:
6725:
6711:
6687:
6665:
6650:
6629:Merschbacher (2009), pp. 78â86.
6585:
6558:
6545:
6529:
6514:
6499:
6485:
6471:
6459:
6395:
6383:
6367:
6364:Vol. 3, Bayreuth, 1782, p. 115.
6352:
6343:
6318:
6303:
6289:
6264:
6252:
6231:
6216:
6201:
6192:
6157:
5924:
5915:
5899:
5883:
5858:
5841:
5825:
5808:
5784:
5775:
5763:
5735:
5691:
5666:
5653:
5628:
5603:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5563:
5554:
5545:
5234:): also called Open Schafkopf (
5176:("Short Sharp Ones"), a pun on
4724:). The player who last had the
2668:
2622:must be claimed by the winner.
2235:
7008:The Penguin Book of Card Games
6947:Junker-Latocha, Brian (2023).
6482:, 2 January 1880, No. 2, p. 2.
6442:"Geschichte - Schafkopfschule"
6132:
6116:
6107:
6016:
6000:
5986:
5930:In German, short Schafkopf is
5716:) whereby the player with the
5569:"The Noble Game of Schafkopf."
4863:) a coin or other object, the
4838:the game value doubles but no
4722:Der Alte gibt die letzte Runde
4362:
1972:
1238:1: Forehand, opens the bidding
1056:
910:Suits of the Bavarian pattern
906:
562:
481:
381:, and in north Germany in the
321:variants, for example, in the
269:. It is still very popular in
160:A 10 K 9 8 7 (Rufer/Solo Side)
157:is always trump in the latter)
1:
7025:, 2nd edn. Weilheim: Stöppel.
6479:Bamberger neueste Nachrichten
5965:
5401:
5187:Short Schafkopf is played in
4897:Scoring in 'impure' Schafkopf
4744:
4715:
3639:
3254:that the declarer's team is:
3188:Special partnership contracts
2572:
2254:as part of the contract e.g.
2246:A player intending to make a
1236:Bidding sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4.
1099:
558:
16:German trick-taking card game
6784:DAS RĂTSELRATEN HAT EIN ENDE
6748:"Schafkopf von Andreas Föhr"
6553:MĂŒnchner neueste Nachrichten
6523:MĂŒnchner neueste Nachrichten
6508:MĂŒnchner neueste Nachrichten
6261:(1862), Volumes 1-2, p. 298.
6154:Paderborn 1861, pp. 135/136.
5722:O declares a contract and a
5252:Two-Player Wendish Schafkopf
5103:
5087:
5043:
5033:
4983:
4917:
4821:) and need 61 points to win.
4576:before any cards are dealt.
4347:and aceâten ranking is used.
4078:
4073:
4064:
3916:
3867:
3794:
3777:
3769:
3484:
3391:
3360:
3351:
3258:the team that said the last
3226:
3173:
3161:
3154:
3137:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3025:
3013:
2956:
2942:
2928:
2914:
2900:
2886:
2872:
2861:
2841:
2819:
2810:
2796:
2782:
2766:
2744:
2735:
2536:
2514:
2498:
2482:
2460:
2438:
2414:
2399:with 30 points (see table).
2139:
2096:
2005:
1988:
1818:
1725:
1694:
1685:
1611:and - unless someone bids a
1503:
1460:
1369:
1359:
1344:
967:
953:
940:
927:
914:
763:without possessing a single
467:) of barrels (Upper German:
409:
346:Bayerischer Schafkopf-Verein
7:
8478:Tarot and Tarock card games
8469:Non trick-taking card games
6990:Merschbacher, Adam (2009).
5822:, but that is now uncommon.
5793:: pronounced "Vents". Also
5728:
5426:
5272:
5116:
4472:
4380:
3263:
3192:
2685:
2303:
1967:U. The Obers rank in their
1142:), "nothings" or "nixers" (
730:was worth 5 pfennigs and a
10:
8548:
7073:Wiesegger, Johann (2021).
7053:"Das edle Schafkopf-Spiel"
7028:Rodenburg, Julius (1862).
7021:Peschel, Wolfgang (1990).
6573:Schaffer (1956), pp. 5â24.
6538:FĂŒrstenfeldbrucker Zeitung
6401:Karl v. Reinhardstöttner:
6031:. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
5410:
5321:
5303:
5287:
5276:
5242:) or Officers' Schafkopf (
5130:Where Schafkopf is played
4966:
4962:
4847:
4642:
4422:
3270:
3259:
2625:
2565:system. For example, in a
2359:
1929:the one who bid first wins
1227:
1103:
831:Schafkopfschule e. V.
650:
404:
397:and players may be called
292:Its closest relatives are
188:A 10 K O 9 8 7 (Wenz Side)
8444:
8408:
8325:
8049:
7968:
7706:
7579:
7176:
7122:- Schafkopfen (in German)
7068:OberpfÀlzisches Zeitblatt
7051:Schwarzmann, L. (1876).
6684:Wiesegger (2021), p. 419.
6551:"GĂŒck im Kartenspiel" in
6198:Rodenberg (1862), p. 298.
5712:
5698:
5299:
5096:
5093:
5060:
5029:
5026:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4989:
4970:
4954:
4918:
4416:
4369:
4074:
4056:
3871:
3868:
3798:
3392:
3364:
3336:Special soloist contracts
3174:
3138:
3086:
3081:Bettel Brett, Ramsch Tout
3037:
3026:
2984:(e.g. 10 cents) into the
2842:
2811:
2767:
2750:
2736:
2673:
2432:
2427:
2420:
2415:
2100:
2097:
2009:
1726:
1698:
1662:If the called player has
1464:
1461:
1373:
1286:
1280:
1088:, but nowadays as lords (
909:
577:Emergence and development
224:
219:
211:
201:
193:
97:
89:
81:
73:
65:
55:
45:
31:
24:
7550:Twenty-five (Spoil Five)
7037:Schaffer, Georg (1956).
6736:, dated 7 February 2009.
6496:, 5 November 1881, p. 2.
6165:Freiberger Bier-Comment,
5538:
5455:Schafkopf family members
5417:Guinness Book of Records
5147: transition regions
4977:
4949:
4944:
4936:
4928:
4923:
4909:) or payment unit for a
4572:U and must announce the
4409:games. In the case of a
3343:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2364:After play is over, the
1919:and is only outbid by a
1351:
1130:, hence the name of the
1012:
883:
691:Das edle Schafkopf-Spiel
8502:18th-century card games
7165:Trick-taking card games
7114:(in English and German)
7108:The School of Schafkopf
6870:Dillig, Stefan (2020).
6855:Danyliuk, Rita (2013).
6832:Altenburger Spielfabrik
6773:Retrieved 22 April 2014
6526:. 6 January 1888. p. 5.
6511:. 1 January 1888. p. 4.
6358:Karl Ferdinand Hommel:
6228:Nördlingen 1867, p. 83.
6178:Schafkopf history from
6168:Freiberg, 1862, p. 101.
6113:Mensing (1933), p. 279.
5994:Schafkopf Tarock Karten
5238:), Farmer's Schafkopf (
4357:Special games or rounds
3279:
2429:Defending team's result
2422:Declaring team's result
2329:
2224:â strictly speaking, a
1980:
1923:. If two players bid a
1677:
1240:2: Middlehand, bids 2nd
1181:
1017:German packs have four
898:Franconian pattern pack
498:(which had reached the
393:. To play Schafkopf is
308:, with influences from
8527:German deck card games
8517:Four-player card games
7046:Bayerisches Wörterbuch
6981:Mensing, Otto (1933).
6962:Jups. Mangold (1884).
6733:Frankenpost (Kronach),
6698:www.schafkopfrennen.de
6582:Lembke (1974), p. 217.
6542:25 October 1929. p. 2.
6446:www.schafkopfschule.de
6349:Hartmann (1780), p.24.
6315:Leipzig, 1845, p. 164.
5934:and long Schafkopf is
5912:, ("the Hobbled One").
5648:ich wĂŒrde auch spielen
5257:Three-hand Schafkopf (
5195:, as well as parts of
5149:
5141: with short cards
2975:
1664:at least 3 other cards
1642:combine their points.
1245:
1198:and then has the pack
1005:
995:
985:
975:
798:in which the declarer
767:. A few days later in
743:Lichtenfelser Tagblatt
686:
683:Das Schafkopf-BĂŒchlein
419:
259:trick-taking card game
257:, is a popular German
77:Tactics & Strategy
8460:Historical card games
8057:(except where stated)
7184:(except where stated)
7003:, Amberg (Oberpfalz).
6922:Hammer, Paul (1811).
6885:Gregor, Otto (1933).
6843:1x1 der Kartenspiele.
6662:and referenced there.
6564:Gregor (1933), p. 13.
6505:_ (1888). " " in the
5954:. Sharp Schafkopf is
5946:and the long pack is
5331:Schafkopf tournaments
5264:Five-hand Schafkopf (
5236:Aufgelegter Schafkopf
5135: with long cards
5129:
5058:other solo contracts
4905:is the basic tariff (
4867:, on the table. Each
4534:Related to four-card
3316:player is 'blocked' (
3034:all tricks are taken)
2944:lost by soloist with
2371:There is a bonus for
1361:The normal contract:
1235:
1003:
993:
983:
973:
681:
620:The Thankful Daughter
417:
7039:Schafkopf und Tarock
6931:Die Dankbare Tochter
6894:Doppelkopf Schafkopf
6593:"Franconian pattern"
6297:Spielkarten Historie
5938:; the short pack is
5772:, lit. "Called Sow".
5678:ich hÀtte einen Solo
5449:Tournament Schafkopf
5421:Bayerischer Rundfunk
5368:version of the song
5359:Literature and media
5341:Schafkopf in culture
5324:Tournament Schafkopf
5318:Tournament Schafkopf
4580:Other special rounds
2930:won by soloist with
2739:Partnership contract
624:Die Dankbare Tochter
8522:Bavarian card games
8214:Officers' Schafkopf
6968:. WĂŒrzburg: Stahel.
6859:Hanover: Humboldt.
5493:Officers' Schafkopf
5379:The crime thriller
4848:Doubling variations
4846:bonus is paid. See
250:[ËÊaËfkÉpf]
21:
8410:Swiss German packs
8094:Bohemian Schneider
8041:WĂŒrttemberg Tarock
7092:Bavarian Schafkopf
6978:. Cologne: Lingen.
6824:Karten-Spiel-Tarif
6466:Karten-Spiel-Tarif
6186:2008-09-26 at the
6045:Wolfgang Peschel:
5956:Scharfer Schafkopf
5659:I'll play myself:
5438:Schafkopf language
5266:Schafkopf zu fĂŒnft
5259:Schafkopf zu dritt
5244:Offiziersschafkopf
5232:Schafkopf zu zweit
5228:Two-hand Schafkopf
5150:
4788:Escalation: after
3008:Optional contracts
1619:â will become the
1246:
1162:Standard or pure (
1158:Standard Schafkopf
1106:Schafkopf language
1006:
996:
986:
976:
814:in 1956. In 1974,
687:
542:or related games.
473:SchÀffler/Scheffel
420:
377:or, historically,
370:[ËÊafkÉpf]
358:unreiner Schafkopf
255:Bavarian Schafkopf
232: •
228: •
19:
8512:German inventions
8489:
8488:
8302:Wendish Schafkopf
8249:Russian Schnapsen
8058:
7974:
7713:
7586:
7185:
7016:978-0-141-03787-5
6957:978-3-384-02767-2
6851:978-3-86910-367-9
6828:WĂŒrzburg: Stahel.
6330:www.erfweiler2.de
5866:folk etymological
5752:("normal game"),
5661:ich spiele selbst
5642:; I'll play too:
5528:Wendish Schafkopf
5352:Schafkopf-Sprache
5209:Main Tauber Kreis
5114:
5113:
4975:
4653:is when, after a
4289:
4288:
4007:
4006:
3575:
3574:
3181:
3180:
3140:Partnership games
3035:
2973:
2972:
2814:Soloist contracts
2559:
2558:
2549:all tricks taken
2446:all tricks taken
2402:An exception are
2218:
2217:
1909:
1908:
1582:
1581:
1010:
1009:
964:
951:
938:
925:
500:Holy Roman Empire
453:Deutsches Magazin
239:
238:
8539:
8482:
8476:
8473:
8467:
8464:
8458:
8452:
8451:
8138:German Schafkopf
8054:
7972:
7711:
7584:
7423:Norseman's knock
7181:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7135:
7134:
7006:Parlett, David.
6997:"Obsis" (1895).
6907:Grupp, Claus D.
6892:Grupp, Claus D.
6841:Danyliuk, Rita.
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6794:
6788:
6780:
6774:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6743:
6737:
6729:
6723:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6691:
6685:
6682:
6676:
6671:Claus D. Grupp:
6669:
6663:
6654:
6648:
6639:
6630:
6627:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6589:
6583:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6565:
6562:
6556:
6549:
6543:
6533:
6527:
6518:
6512:
6503:
6497:
6489:
6483:
6475:
6469:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6438:
6429:
6426:
6417:
6414:
6408:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6374:"Zur Erinnerung"
6371:
6365:
6356:
6350:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6322:
6316:
6307:
6301:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6268:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6235:
6229:
6220:
6214:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6190:
6175:
6169:
6161:
6155:
6136:
6130:
6120:
6114:
6111:
6105:
6095:
6058:
6043:
6032:
6020:
6014:
6004:
5998:
5990:
5984:
5976:
5959:
5936:Langer Schafkopf
5932:Kurzer Schafkopf
5928:
5922:
5919:
5913:
5903:
5897:
5887:
5881:
5862:
5856:
5845:
5839:
5829:
5823:
5812:
5806:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5756:("Sow game") or
5739:
5733:
5721:
5695:
5689:
5686:aber keinen Wenz
5670:
5664:
5657:
5651:
5632:
5626:
5607:
5601:
5594:
5588:
5585:
5579:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5561:
5558:
5552:
5549:
5443:German Schafkopf
5415:Until 2006, the
5197:Middle Franconia
5193:Upper Palatinate
5154:Upper Palatinate
5146:
5140:
5134:
4959:
4916:
4819:Kontra ĂŒbernimmt
4773:Alternatives to
4753:Alternatives to
4740:Other variations
4729:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4506:
4500:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4063:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3803:
3776:
3758:Suit Eisenbahner
3745:: Also called a
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3350:
3299:
3237:, also callea a
3031:
3012:
2916:lost by soloist
2888:lost by soloist
2863:lost by soloist
2734:
2680:"anti-clockwise"
2649:Tournament rules
2544:no tricks taken
2451:no tricks taken
2413:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
1987:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1939:, also known as
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1684:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1592:are the highest
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1358:
1312:" or "but not a
954:
941:
928:
915:
907:
837:Overview and aim
718:Schafkopf was a
613:German Schafkopf
592:German Schafkopf
564:
560:
553:game resembling
516:German Schafkopf
372:
367:
267:German Schafkopf
252:
247:
230:German Schafkopf
184:
178:
172:
166:
156:
148:
142:
136:
130:
123:
117:
111:
105:
36:
22:
18:
8547:
8546:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8537:
8536:
8507:Schafkopf group
8492:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8474:
8471:
8465:
8462:
8456:
8440:
8404:
8321:
8121:Dreierschnapsen
8099:Bohemian Watten
8071:Bauernschnapsen
8056:
8053:
8045:
7986:Bavarian Tarock
7964:
7815:Klaberjass/Bela
7710:
7702:
7583:
7575:
7375:Knock-out whist
7183:
7180:
7172:
7162:
7087:
6994:. Munich: Pliz.
6818:
6813:
6812:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6781:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6756:
6754:
6746:Föhr, Andreas.
6744:
6740:
6730:
6726:
6716:
6712:
6702:
6700:
6693:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6679:
6670:
6666:
6655:
6651:
6640:
6633:
6628:
6611:
6601:
6599:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6581:
6577:
6572:
6568:
6563:
6559:
6550:
6546:
6534:
6530:
6519:
6515:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6486:
6476:
6472:
6464:
6460:
6450:
6448:
6440:
6439:
6432:
6427:
6420:
6415:
6411:
6400:
6396:
6388:
6384:
6372:
6368:
6357:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6334:
6332:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6276:www.skatfox.com
6270:
6269:
6265:
6257:
6253:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6232:
6221:
6217:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6188:Wayback Machine
6176:
6172:
6162:
6158:
6137:
6133:
6121:
6117:
6112:
6108:
6096:
6061:
6044:
6035:
6021:
6017:
6005:
6001:
5991:
5987:
5977:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5962:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5908:. High German:
5904:
5900:
5888:
5884:
5863:
5859:
5846:
5842:
5830:
5826:
5814:In the past, a
5813:
5809:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5768:
5764:
5740:
5736:
5696:
5692:
5671:
5667:
5658:
5654:
5644:ich spiele auch
5633:
5629:
5608:
5604:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5555:
5550:
5546:
5541:
5429:
5413:
5404:
5395:Marlene Morreis
5361:
5343:
5335:Schafkopfrennen
5326:
5320:
5308:
5302:
5281:
5275:
5240:Bauernschafkopf
5221:
5189:Upper Franconia
5166:ASS Altenburger
5158:Upper Franconia
5148:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5124:
5122:Short Schafkopf
5119:
5065:
5057:
5017:
4994:
4958:
4899:
4747:
4742:
4718:
4707:Bavarian Swabia
4669:, Unterfranken)
4607:Drei-Kombi-Muss
4582:
4477:
4465:A variation is
4427:
4421:
4395:
4393:games or rounds
4359:
4339:): played as a
4061:
3774:
3763:Farbeisenbahner
3645:
3348:
3338:
3284:
3231:
3197:
3190:
3074:Suit Geier Tout
3033:
3032:(those in which
3030:
3010:
2978:
2902:won by soloist
2874:won by soloist
2852:won by soloist
2729:
2688:
2676:
2671:
2651:
2628:
2604:
2575:
2362:
2332:
2306:
2260:Acorn Solo Tout
2244:
1985:
1682:
1356:
1347:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1184:
1160:
1146:) or "blanks" (
1108:
1102:
1059:
1015:
958:
945:
932:
919:
902:Short Schafkopf
886:
839:
720:penny ante game
710:, published in
661:Bavarian Forest
579:
561:Q, trump 7 and
540:Bavarian Tarock
484:
463:) on the lids (
412:
407:
365:
350:Schafkopfschule
327:Alte Schoofkopp
245:
206:
189:
186:
161:
158:
150:
125:
98:Rank (highâlow)
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8545:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8483:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8414:
8412:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8336:
8334:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8257:
8252:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8129:
8124:
8118:
8112:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8080:
8074:
8068:
8061:
8059:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8032:
8026:
8021:
8015:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7988:
7983:
7977:
7975:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7932:
7930:Tausendundeins
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7855:Officers' Skat
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7740:Bauernheinrich
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7589:
7587:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7536:
7531:
7525:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7394:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7311:
7306:
7300:
7295:
7293:Call-ace whist
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7249:
7244:
7238:
7233:
7231:Auction bridge
7228:
7223:
7217:
7211:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7188:
7186:
7174:
7173:
7161:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7123:
7115:
7112:official rules
7105:
7099:
7086:
7085:External links
7083:
7082:
7081:
7071:
7064:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7026:
7019:
7004:
6995:
6988:
6979:
6972:Lembke, Robert
6969:
6960:
6945:
6942:Burgau aktuell
6938:
6933:. Leipzig and
6927:
6920:
6905:
6890:
6883:
6880:978-3000556647
6868:
6853:
6839:
6829:
6817:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6789:
6775:
6763:
6738:
6724:
6710:
6686:
6677:
6664:
6649:
6631:
6609:
6584:
6575:
6566:
6557:
6544:
6528:
6513:
6498:
6484:
6470:
6458:
6430:
6418:
6409:
6394:
6382:
6366:
6351:
6342:
6317:
6302:
6288:
6263:
6251:
6230:
6215:
6200:
6191:
6170:
6156:
6131:
6115:
6106:
6059:
6033:
6015:
5999:
5985:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5923:
5914:
5898:
5882:
5857:
5851:; there is no
5840:
5824:
5807:
5801:as opposed to
5783:
5774:
5762:
5734:
5690:
5665:
5652:
5627:
5602:
5589:
5580:
5571:
5562:
5553:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5425:
5412:
5409:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5384:
5377:
5360:
5357:
5342:
5339:
5322:Main article:
5319:
5316:
5304:Main article:
5301:
5298:
5277:Main article:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5248:Officers' Skat
5220:
5217:
5205:the Palatinate
5180:("sharp") and
5143:
5137:
5131:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5076:
5070:
5059:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4953:
4951:Multiplication
4948:
4943:
4935:
4927:
4922:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4880:
4851:
4822:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4786:
4771:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4691:
4690:
4671:
4670:
4646:
4622:
4595:AllgÀuer Runde
4581:
4578:
4493:Schieber-Runde
4489:Schieber Round
4476:
4471:
4423:Main article:
4420:
4415:
4394:
4388:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4324:
4298:In settling a
4287:
4286:
4234:
4182:
4130:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4060:
4055:
4005:
4004:
3960:
3915:
3914:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3773:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3754:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3624:
3609:
3604:. Ranks below
3573:
3572:
3528:
3483:
3482:
3438:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3230:
3225:
3216:Doppelhochzeit
3210:Bauernhochzeit
3196:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3179:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3128:Negative games
3124:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:Suit Wenz Tout
3063:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3009:
3006:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2963:immediate win
2961:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2728:
2725:
2687:
2684:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2650:
2647:
2637:Annika wins a
2627:
2624:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:Solo: 5 units
2589:
2588:Wenz: 5 units
2586:
2574:
2571:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2527:90â120 points
2525:
2523:
2520:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:91â120 points
2466:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2437:
2436:
2434:Defending team
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:Declaring team
2389:Schneider frei
2361:
2358:
2331:
2328:
2305:
2302:
2243:
2234:
2216:
2215:
2177:
2138:
2137:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1984:
1979:
1907:
1906:
1862:
1817:
1816:
1772:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1660:
1657:
1652:It may not be
1650:
1580:
1579:
1541:
1502:
1501:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1229:
1226:
1183:
1180:
1159:
1156:
1104:Main article:
1101:
1098:
1075:10, 9, 8 and 7
1058:
1055:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
966:
965:
952:
939:
926:
912:
911:
885:
882:
838:
835:
671:game, not the
644:game of chance
578:
575:
483:
480:
411:
408:
406:
403:
263:aceâten family
237:
236:
222:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
185:U (Wenz Trump)
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
37:
29:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8544:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8497:
8479:
8470:
8461:
8455:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8430:Hindersi-Jass
8427:
8423:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8407:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8328:
8324:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8312:Unteransetzen
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8239:Rosbiratschka
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8189:Lusti-Kartl'n
8187:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7971:
7967:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7920:Slobberhannes
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7835:Letzter Stich
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7709:
7705:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7628:Catch the ten
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7582:
7578:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7526:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7502:
7499:
7497:(Danish) (20)
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7380:Konter a Matt
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7179:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7159:
7154:
7152:
7147:
7145:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7129:
7128:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7093:
7089:
7088:
7079:
7077:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6943:
6939:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6925:
6921:
6918:
6917:3-8068-2001-5
6914:
6910:
6909:Karten-spiele
6906:
6903:
6902:3 8068 2015 5
6899:
6895:
6891:
6888:
6884:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6865:3-89-994194-2
6862:
6858:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6799:
6793:
6786:
6785:
6779:
6772:
6767:
6753:
6752:Droemer Knaur
6749:
6742:
6735:
6734:
6728:
6721:
6720:
6714:
6699:
6696:
6690:
6681:
6674:
6668:
6661:
6659:
6653:
6646:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6598:
6594:
6588:
6579:
6570:
6561:
6554:
6548:
6541:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6509:
6502:
6495:
6494:
6488:
6481:
6480:
6474:
6468:(1876), p. 1.
6467:
6462:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6425:
6423:
6413:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6386:
6379:
6375:
6370:
6363:
6362:
6355:
6346:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6314:
6313:
6309:G. Hesekiel:
6306:
6299:
6298:
6292:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6260:
6255:
6240:
6234:
6227:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6211:
6204:
6195:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6166:
6160:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6146:
6140:
6135:
6129:
6128:0-19-869173-4
6125:
6119:
6110:
6103:
6101:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6056:
6055:3-924012-31-8
6052:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6030:
6026:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6012:1-4437-2151-4
6009:
6003:
5996:
5995:
5989:
5982:
5981:
5975:
5971:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5918:
5911:
5907:
5902:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5868:analogy with
5867:
5861:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5837:
5833:
5828:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5787:
5778:
5771:
5766:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5738:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5662:
5656:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5624:
5621:; I'll play:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5599:
5593:
5584:
5575:
5566:
5557:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Schieberamsch
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5408:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5347:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5325:
5315:
5312:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5201:Lower Bavaria
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5174:Kurze Scharfe
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5128:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5091:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5023:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4980:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4921:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4878:
4877:durcheinander
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4687:Solo hinterum
4684:
4683:Solo hinterum
4680:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4541:Devil's Round
4537:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4467:Schieberamsch
4463:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4365:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Contract type
3014:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2773:straight win
2772:
2770:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2727:Scoring table
2724:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:If a team is
2602:
2598:
2590:
2587:
2585:Rufer: 1 unit
2584:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2508:60â89 points
2507:
2505:
2503:31â60 points
2502:
2499:
2494:
2492:30â59 points
2491:
2489:
2487:61â90 points
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1969:natural suits
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:) by saying "
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1092:) or bowers (
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1002:
998:
992:
988:
982:
978:
972:
968:
962:
957:
949:
944:
936:
931:
923:
918:
913:
908:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:German-suited
881:
879:
875:
874:gambling game
870:
868:
864:
859:
855:
850:
848:
843:
834:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
812:Schieber-Solo
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
752:Ebermannstadt
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
692:
684:
680:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
588:
584:
574:
572:
568:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
479:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
456:
454:
450:
445:
440:
438:
434:
429:
425:
416:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
243:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:Related games
218:
214:
210:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
183:
177:
171:
165:
155:
147:
141:
135:
129:
122:
116:
110:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
23:
8481:}}
8475:{{
8472:}}
8466:{{
8463:}}
8457:{{
8426:Schieberjass
8365:Calabresella
8254:
8065:Bauernfangen
8051:German packs
8007:Haferltarock
7981:Bauerntarock
7970:German packs
7950:Twenty-eight
7905:SiebenschrÀm
7708:French packs
7668:Six-bid solo
7581:French packs
7555:Two-ten-jack
7545:Turkish King
7345:German whist
7340:French whist
7178:French packs
7126:
7118:
7091:
7075:
7067:
7060:
7056:
7045:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7007:
6999:
6991:
6983:
6975:
6964:
6948:
6941:
6930:
6923:
6908:
6893:
6886:
6871:
6856:
6842:
6835:
6823:
6816:Bibliography
6802:. Retrieved
6792:
6783:
6778:
6766:
6755:. Retrieved
6741:
6732:
6727:
6719:Kurze Karten
6718:
6713:
6703:29 September
6701:. Retrieved
6697:
6689:
6680:
6672:
6667:
6652:
6642:
6602:29 September
6600:. Retrieved
6596:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6552:
6547:
6537:
6531:
6522:
6516:
6507:
6501:
6492:
6487:
6478:
6473:
6465:
6461:
6451:29 September
6449:. Retrieved
6445:
6428:Jups (1884).
6412:
6407:1890, p. 66.
6403:
6397:
6385:
6377:
6369:
6360:
6354:
6345:
6335:29 September
6333:. Retrieved
6329:
6320:
6311:
6305:
6296:
6291:
6281:29 September
6279:. Retrieved
6275:
6272:"Geschichte"
6266:
6258:
6254:
6242:. Retrieved
6233:
6224:
6222:W. Medicus:
6218:
6213:Munich 1979.
6209:
6203:
6194:
6179:
6173:
6164:
6159:
6150:
6144:
6143:comments to
6134:
6118:
6109:
6099:
6046:
6023:
6018:
6002:
5993:
5988:
5979:
5974:
5955:
5952:Langes Blatt
5951:
5947:
5944:Kurzes Blatt
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5860:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5777:
5769:
5765:
5758:Partnerspiel
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5727:
5723:
5711:
5699:
5693:
5685:
5681:
5680:; but not a
5677:
5673:
5668:
5660:
5655:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5630:
5622:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5597:
5592:
5583:
5574:
5565:
5556:
5547:
5414:
5405:
5386:
5380:
5369:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5334:
5327:
5309:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5265:
5258:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5222:
5213:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5161:
5151:
5105:
5089:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5062:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5035:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4979:= Game Value
4978:
4961:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4900:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4873:nacheinander
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4814:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4736:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4712:
4702:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4648:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:AllgÀu Round
4589:
4588:
4583:
4573:
4546:Teufelsrunde
4545:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4492:
4488:
4485:Schiebersolo
4484:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4417:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4381:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4312:
4308:Bettel Brett
4307:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4290:
4260:
4208:
4156:
4104:
4067:
4066:
4057:
4050:
4047:Schellenwenz
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4008:
3869:Side suits:
3789:Schellenwenz
3788:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3393:Side suits:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3339:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3193:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2958:
2945:
2931:
2917:
2903:
2889:
2875:
2847:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2799:
2785:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2669:Social games
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2576:
2566:
2560:
2553:
2539:
2531:
2522:0â30 points
2517:
2500:simple loss
2495:simple loss
2477:
2473:0â29 points
2463:
2455:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2352:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:overcalls a
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2098:Side suits:
2000:Schellensolo
1999:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1981:
1973:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:overcalls a
1912:
1910:
1727:Side suits:
1688:
1687:
1678:
1667:
1663:
1644:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1462:Side suits:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1247:
1211:
1204:
1185:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1144:Nichtser(le)
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1060:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1016:
960:
947:
934:
921:
887:
871:
866:
857:
853:
851:
846:
844:
840:
830:
822:
820:
815:
811:
807:
803:
795:
791:
787:
785:
772:
760:
747:Staffelstein
742:
740:
735:
727:
717:
707:
699:
694:
690:
688:
682:
651:
648:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
617:
580:
544:
535:
532:
485:
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
452:
448:
443:
441:
436:
432:
427:
423:
421:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
374:
361:
357:
349:
345:
343:
330:
326:
291:
283:Old Bavarian
254:
241:
240:
207:20 min/round
202:Playing time
159:
38:
25:
8436:Kaiserspiel
8390:Truc y Flou
8317:Zehnerlegen
8199:Matzlfangen
8143:German Solo
7730:Bassadewitz
7663:Scharwenzel
7501:SkĂŠrvindsel
7490:Sixty-three
7470:Ristikontra
7418:Ninety-nine
7335:Forty-fives
7320:Court piece
7263:Black Maria
6597:i-p-c-s.org
6139:F.W. Grimme
6024:Bauernstoss
5948:Lange Karte
5940:Kurze Karte
5750:Normalspiel
5598:Spielansage
5518:SkĂŠrvindsel
5498:Scharwenzel
5184:("sheep").
5170:F.X. Schmid
5162:Kurze Karte
4448:Durchmarsch
4337:Ramsch Tout
3742:Suit Kaiser
3613:Eisenbahner
2661:called the
2511:simple win
2484:simple win
2366:card points
2336:follow suit
1169:Rufer, Wenz
1136:guard cards
1079:card points
1057:Card values
827:HofbrÀuhaus
736:Durchmarsch
702:printed in
587:German Solo
571:GrobhÀusern
555:German Solo
551:plain-trick
547:Scharwenzel
512:trump cards
508:German Solo
482:Forerunners
399:Schafkopfer
395:Schafkopfen
387:Schaapskopp
375:Schafkopfen
331:Bauernstoss
60:Point-trick
8496:Categories
8287:Trischettn
8168:Kein Stich
8109:Doppelkopf
8024:Mulatschak
7955:Zwanzig ab
7900:Sheepshead
7885:Préférence
7673:SvÀngknack
7653:Marjapussi
7643:Hindersche
7517:Spoil Five
7360:Hucklebuck
7258:Black lady
7080:Nuremberg.
6937:: Deinzer.
6874:. Dillig.
6821:_ (1872).
6804:2015-01-22
6757:2013-12-16
6535:_ (1929).
6520:_ (1888).
5966:References
5906:Hadschader
5820:suit solos
5816:heart solo
5795:Bauernwenz
5623:ich spiele
5508:Sheepshead
5478:Doppelkopf
5445:(ancestor)
5402:Ceremonies
4907:Grundtarif
4882:Knocking (
4716:Last round
4626:Hadschader
4075:No trumps
4035:Heart Wenz
4019:Acorn Wenz
3747:Suit König
3665:Leaf Geier
3661:Leaf Geier
3649:Suit Geier
3239:Kreuzrunde
3205:Hochzeiter
3121:Suit Geier
3088:Solo games
3060:Geier Tout
3028:Tout games
2573:Settlement
2538:lost with
2516:lost with
2476:lost with
2454:lost with
1252:and which
1100:Card names
777:TĂŒrkenfeld
726:, winning
657:GrÀfenberg
609:Sheepshead
597:Doppelkopf
488:Doppelkopf
383:Low German
379:Schaafkopf
362:Schaffkopf
323:Palatinate
302:Sheepshead
294:Doppelkopf
287:Franconian
205:5 min/deal
8380:Tressette
8350:Botifarra
8292:Wallachen
8276:Sixty-six
8260:Schnapsen
8255:Schafkopf
8229:Ramscheln
8219:Quodlibet
8204:Mauscheln
8153:Grasobern
8035:Schnalzen
8029:Perlaggen
7895:Schwimmen
7880:Preferans
7825:Klaverjas
7805:Herzblatt
7800:FĂŒnf dazu
7755:Bierlachs
7735:Bauerchen
7522:StĂœrivolt
7403:Lanterloo
7365:Kachufool
7247:Bid whist
7226:All fours
7127:Anleitung
7110:with the
7097:pagat.com
6244:5 January
6180:BR-online
6029:pagat.com
5910:Humpelnde
5803:Farb-Wenz
5672:I have a
5640:ist Recht
5634:Play on:
5611:ich passe
5596:Auction:
5468:Bauerchen
5381:Schafkopf
5027:each Ă 2
5013:+ each Ă
4946:+ Runners
4932:Schneider
4840:Schneider
4783:GegenstoĂ
4698:Zupf Solo
4667:Mönchberg
4631:Hatschate
4599:Chiprunde
4364:Kreuzbock
4051:Suit Wenz
4043:Bell Wenz
4027:Leaf Wenz
4023:Eichewenz
4011:Suit Wenz
3784:Bell Wenz
3771:Suit Wenz
3751:Farbkönig
3667:is thus:
3653:Farbgeier
3310:schneider
3306:schneider
3235:Kreuzbock
3228:Kreuzbock
3114:Suit Wenz
3053:Wenz Tout
3046:Solo Tout
2982:sweetener
2953:+ 6 each
2939:- 6 each
2925:+ 4 each
2911:- 4 each
2897:+ 3 each
2890:Schneider
2883:- 3 each
2876:Schneider
2869:+ 2 each
2858:- 2 each
2837:Defenders
2807:- 3 each
2804:+ 3 each
2798:won with
2793:- 2 each
2790:+ 2 each
2786:Schneider
2784:won with
2779:- 1 each
2776:+ 1 each
2643:Schneider
2616:Schneider
2608:Schneider
2597:Schneider
2552:won with
2532:Schneider
2530:won with
2518:Schneider
2478:Schneider
2464:Schneider
2462:won with
2440:won with
2397:Schneider
2393:Schneider
2385:Schneider
2374:Schneider
2340:side suit
2272:Wenz Tout
2268:Solo Tout
2256:Wenz Tout
2226:suit solo
1995:Bell Solo
1974:Suit Wenz
1602:side suit
1345:Contracts
1329:Solo Tout
1325:Wenz Tout
935:GrĂŒn/Gras
800:entrumped
728:Schneider
605:Minnesota
601:Wisconsin
528:Thuringia
504:Quadrille
435:= sheep,
428:Schafkopf
424:Schafkopf
410:Etymology
385:dialect:
318:Altenburg
314:Quadrille
306:Schafkopf
242:Schafkopf
197:Clockwise
20:Schafkopf
8454:Category
8360:Briscola
8282:Sticheln
8104:Bolachen
8077:Bierkopf
8055:32 cards
7997:Brusbart
7973:36 cards
7875:Polignac
7860:Oma Skat
7850:Mistigri
7845:Marjolet
7820:Klammern
7760:Brandeln
7712:32 cards
7693:Viersche
7683:Tarabish
7658:Rutersju
7585:36 cards
7485:Sheng ji
7475:RödskÀgg
7454:Polskpas
7438:Pinochle
7413:Napoleon
7397:KnĂŒffeln
7392:Köpknack
7350:Gong Zhu
7325:Cucumber
7182:52 cards
7102:Sauspiel
6974:(1974).
6935:Budissin
6926:Leipzig.
6658:Sauspiel
6184:Archived
5890:Laufende
5872:, since
5799:Hauswenz
5754:Sauspiel
5746:Rufspiel
5638:; good:
5636:spiel zu
5513:Sheng ji
5473:Bierkopf
5427:See also
5366:Bavarian
5284:Bierkopf
5279:Bierkopf
5273:Bierkopf
5117:Variants
5036:Hochzeit
4956:Doubling
4853:Laying (
4831:Doppeln!
4745:Doubling
4678:Strixner
4536:Schieber
4525:Schieber
4481:Schieber
4474:Schieber
4456:Jungfrau
4446:are the
4039:Herzwenz
4031:Graswenz
4015:Farbwenz
3780:Example:
3318:gesperrt
3201:Hochzeit
3194:Hochzeit
3145:Hochzeit
2969:-8 each
2822:Contract
2747:Contract
2718:10/20/50
2686:Payments
2663:Reuegeld
2635:Example:
2563:zero-sum
2344:led suit
2317:Spritzn!
2304:Doubling
2230:Farbsolo
1991:Example:
1621:declarer
1276:overcall
1258:forehand
1254:contract
1250:declarer
1207:forehand
1196:shuffles
1086:matadors
1051:Schellen
961:Schellen
894:Bavarian
724:pfennigs
704:WĂŒrzburg
669:Bavarian
496:L'Hombre
461:geklopft
335:Bierkopf
226:Bierkopf
8422:Chratze
8340:Aluette
8331:Spanish
8327:Italian
8271:Sedmice
8173:Lampeln
8158:Herzeln
8089:Blattla
8083:Binokel
8018:Kratzen
7960:Zwicken
7925:Solo 66
7865:Pilotta
7840:Manille
7830:Letzter
7775:Coinche
7770:Chouine
7750:Bezique
7698:Voormsi
7688:Trekort
7570:Zwikken
7534:Tarneeb
7428:Oh hell
7408:Mizerka
7330:Femkort
7303:Clabber
6104:, 2007.
5870:Tout/Du
5432:General
5411:Records
5066:or 5 Ă
5018:or Âœ Ă
4995:or 2 Ă
4940:Schwarz
4890:klopfen
4885:Klopfen
4844:Schwarz
4826:klopfen
4769:Spritze
4730:O in a
4643:stossed
4538:is the
4513:schiebt
4403:Schwarz
4371:Doppler
4315:played
3655:) is a
3362:Trumps:
3326:renonce
3149:Wedding
3134:etc.)*
2918:Schwarz
2904:Schwarz
2832:Soloist
2800:Schwarz
2757:Winners
2626:Runners
2620:Schwarz
2612:Schwarz
2601:Schwarz
2554:Schwarz
2540:Schwarz
2456:Schwarz
2442:Schwarz
2380:Schwarz
2360:Scoring
2323:Retour!
2274:. In a
1931:. In a
1696:Trumps:
1668:Laufsau
1654:smeared
1371:Trumps:
1228:Auction
1220:make a
1152:Luschen
1140:Spatzen
1128:Wenzels
878:Bavaria
769:Freyung
765:matador
693:in the
607:, c.f.
567:FĂ€rbeln
520:Leipzig
471:, c.f.
405:History
366:German:
279:Austria
277:and in
275:Germany
271:Bavaria
261:of the
246:German:
66:Players
50:Germany
8375:Julepe
8355:Brisca
8345:Bestia
8297:Watten
8244:Rumpel
8234:Ramsen
8224:Ramsch
8209:Mucken
8194:MariĂĄĆĄ
8183:Lupfen
8163:Herzla
8148:Gilten
8134:(2x24)
8132:Gaigel
8127:Elfern
8111:(2x24)
8085:(2x24)
8012:Jaggln
7991:Bieten
7945:Tuppen
7940:Toepen
7935:Tippen
7870:Piquet
7810:Kaiser
7795:Fipsen
7790:Euchre
7780:ĂcartĂ©
7745:Belote
7725:Baloot
7539:Thunee
7512:Spades
7480:Shelem
7460:Priffe
7440:(2x24)
7355:Hearts
7314:Chlust
7288:Bridge
7283:Bourré
7278:Boston
7273:Bonken
7014:
6955:
6915:
6900:
6878:
6863:
6849:
6148:. In:
6126:
6053:
6049:1992.
6010:
5894:LĂ€ufer
5770:Rufsau
5729:Ramsch
5615:weiter
5609:Pass:
5488:Mucken
5311:Mucken
5306:Mucken
5300:Mucken
5294:Masses
5178:scharf
5145:
5139:
5133:
5078:+ 1 Ă
5072:+ 1 Ă
5007:+ 1 Ă
5001:+ 1 Ă
4925:Tariff
4815:Contra
4802:Re-Sub
4794:Retour
4775:Retour
4765:Kontra
4760:Contra
4703:zupfen
4639:Hatsch
4635:Hadsch
4617:and a
4603:Fisiko
4566:O and
4501:O and
4460:Ramsch
4436:Ramsch
4431:Ramsch
4425:Ramsch
4418:Ramsch
4384:rounds
4382:Ramsch
4377:rounds
4366:rounds
4341:Bettel
4333:Mörtel
4321:Bettel
4317:ouvert
4313:Bettel
4300:Bettel
4294:Bettel
4068:Bettel
4058:Bettel
4041:) and
3796:Trumps
3753:) etc.
3593:Kaiser
3322:renege
3264:Contra
3176:Ramsch
3132:Bettel
2827:Result
2762:Losers
2752:Result
2579:tariff
2406:(i.e.
2314:" or "
2311:Stoss!
2007:Trumps
1961:U and
1941:Wenzen
1937:Unters
1598:Unters
1594:trumps
1188:dealer
1164:reiner
1094:Bauern
1090:Herren
1045:) and
1039:Hearts
1031:Leaves
1027:Eichel
1023:Acorns
943:Hearts
930:Leaves
922:Eichel
917:Acorns
808:Bettel
804:Ramsch
757:Pasing
712:Amberg
685:, 1895
665:Tarock
640:Hazard
524:Saxony
469:Schaff
465:Köpfen
339:Mucken
234:Mucken
215:Medium
212:Chance
93:German
74:Skills
46:Origin
8395:Truco
8333:packs
8266:Sedma
8178:Lorum
8115:Dreeg
8002:Dobbm
7910:Sjavs
7785:Enflé
7765:Bruus
7648:Knack
7618:Bruus
7603:BrÀus
7593:Agram
7565:Whist
7528:Sueca
7507:Smear
7495:Sjavs
7444:Pitch
7433:Pedro
7298:Cinch
7268:Bluke
7252:Bisca
7241:BaĆka
7236:Barbu
7198:3-5-8
7192:3-2-5
5742:Rufer
5724:Rufer
5708:force
5704:round
5539:Notes
5463:BaĆka
5364:In a
5289:Rufer
5182:Schaf
5054:Geier
4986:Rufer
4967:Legen
4963:Stoss
4911:Rufer
4869:Leger
4865:Leger
4861:legen
4856:Legen
4790:Stoss
4755:Stoss
4732:Rufer
4659:Solos
4650:Minas
4611:Rufer
4440:Rufer
4345:Rufer
4009:In a
3657:Geier
3642:Geier
3640:Suit
3628:Spatz
3622:Geier
3618:Adler
3606:Geier
3578:Geier
3355:Geier
3345:Geier
3292:force
3290:is a
3260:Stoss
3243:Kreuz
3164:Force
3157:Rufer
3107:Geier
2990:Stock
2950:- 18
2936:+ 18
2922:- 12
2908:+ 12
2769:Rufer
2711:10/50
2707:10/20
2704:5/20,
2696:Rufer
2692:Rufer
2659:Stock
2567:Rufer
2348:trick
2220:In a
1917:Rufer
1609:Rufer
1590:Obers
1586:Rufer
1364:Rufer
1353:Rufer
1222:round
1218:hands
1214:deals
1148:Leere
1120:König
1116:Deuce
1071:Unter
1047:Bells
1019:suits
1013:Suits
956:Bells
884:Cards
847:Rufer
792:Rufer
790:(now
788:Frage
781:Unter
732:march
667:(the
652:Rufer
549:is a
536:Augen
433:Schaf
82:Cards
8418:Jass
8400:Tute
8385:Truc
8370:Gilé
8307:Ulti
8278:(24)
8262:(20)
8251:(24)
8185:(20)
8123:(20)
8117:(24)
8079:(20)
8073:(20)
8067:(20)
8037:(33)
8031:(33)
8020:(33)
8014:(33)
7993:(33)
7915:Skat
7890:Rams
7678:Tapp
7638:Frog
7633:Dapp
7623:Bura
7613:BrĂșs
7608:Brus
7598:BĂȘte
7572:(20)
7560:Vira
7541:(24)
7530:(40)
7524:(48)
7503:(28)
7456:(24)
7449:Phat
7399:(48)
7388:(16)
7382:(24)
7370:King
7316:(20)
7309:Clag
7305:(24)
7254:(40)
7243:(16)
7222:(24)
7220:1001
7216:(24)
7214:1000
7210:(43)
7194:(30)
7169:list
7012:ISBN
6953:ISBN
6913:ISBN
6898:ISBN
6876:ISBN
6861:ISBN
6847:ISBN
6705:2018
6604:2018
6453:2018
6337:2018
6283:2018
6246:2021
6124:ISBN
6051:ISBN
6008:ISBN
5849:Tout
5832:Tout
5791:Wenz
5713:Muss
5700:Bock
5682:Wenz
5674:Solo
5533:Zole
5523:Skat
5374:Trio
5250:and
5203:and
5168:and
5156:and
5110:Ă 4
5100:Ă 2
5090:Tout
5061:4 Ă
5050:Solo
5046:Wenz
5040:Ă 2
5030:Sum
4990:1 Ă
4971:Bock
4920:Game
4836:Tout
4792:and
4663:Solo
4655:Solo
4619:Solo
4615:Wenz
4613:, a
4574:Solo
4529:Solo
4521:Solo
4517:Solo
4509:Solo
4452:Mord
4444:Skat
4411:Bock
4398:Bock
4391:Bock
4379:and
4375:Bock
3633:Wenz
3620:and
3602:Bart
3582:Wenz
3330:Muss
3314:Muss
3302:Muss
3288:Muss
3281:Muss
3266:etc.
3251:GoaĂ
3247:Rock
3233:The
3168:Muss
3100:Wenz
3093:Solo
3021:Game
3002:Topf
2998:Pott
2994:Henn
2966:+24
2946:Tout
2932:Tout
2894:- 9
2880:+ 9
2866:- 6
2855:+ 6
2848:Solo
2844:Wenz
2709:and
2700:5/20
2674:Deal
2639:Solo
2599:and
2408:slam
2404:Tout
2330:Play
2287:Sie,
2280:Tout
2276:Tout
2264:Tout
2262:. A
2252:Tout
2248:slam
2239:and
2237:Tout
2222:solo
1982:Solo
1933:Wenz
1925:Wenz
1921:Solo
1913:Wenz
1689:Wenz
1679:Wenz
1617:Solo
1613:Wenz
1327:", "
1321:Tout
1314:Wenz
1310:Solo
1306:Solo
1299:Solo
1295:Wenz
1287:Solo
1281:Wenz
1272:pass
1192:pack
1182:Deal
1175:Solo
1172:and
1132:Wenz
1124:Kini
1067:Ober
1063:King
1043:Herz
1035:Gras
948:Herz
867:Tout
863:slam
858:Solo
854:Wenz
816:Wenz
810:and
796:Solo
761:Solo
603:and
583:Skat
569:and
492:Skat
490:and
447:Scha
437:Kopf
391:Kopp
354:Skat
337:and
310:Solo
298:Skat
296:and
285:and
194:Play
90:Deck
56:Type
8329:or
7720:304
7465:Put
7386:Kop
7208:500
7203:400
7095:at
7055:in
6376:in
6027:at
5950:or
5942:or
5892:or
5874:Sie
5853:Sie
5797:or
5646:or
5619:weg
5617:or
5483:Kop
5391:ZDF
5106:Sie
4842:or
4798:Sub
4767:or
4637:or
4560:O,
4554:O,
4487:or
4450:or
4405:or
4386:).
4373:or
4335:or
4328:Pfd
4266:10
4214:10
4162:10
4110:10
4033:),
4025:),
3973:10
3929:10
3883:10
3834:10
3733:7.
3703:10
3600:or
3541:10
3497:10
3451:10
3407:10
3286:A
3271:lay
3262:or
3249:or
3151:)*
3039:Sie
3000:or
2986:pot
2976:Pot
2959:Sie
2296:Sie
2292:Sie
2258:or
2241:Sie
2190:10
2152:10
2112:10
2069:10
1955:U,
1949:U,
1875:10
1831:10
1785:10
1741:10
1635:A,
1629:A,
1615:or
1554:10
1516:10
1476:10
1433:10
1335:".
1333:Sie
1316:".
1297:or
1290:).
1284:or
1216:or
1200:cut
1154:).
1150:or
1112:Sau
1096:).
1053:).
1037:),
1029:),
896:or
773:Sie
389:or
329:or
325:as
8498::
8428:,
8424:,
6834:,
6750:.
6634:^
6612:^
6595:.
6444:.
6433:^
6421:^
6328:.
6274:.
6141::
6062:^
6036:^
5878:du
5836:Du
5684::
5676::
5613:,
5211:.
5199:,
5191:,
5097:â
5094:â
5084:â
5052:,
5048:,
5024:â
4969:,
4965:,
4938:+
4930:+
4913::
4879:).
4800:,
4781:,
4779:Re
4777::
4763:,
4757::
4709:).
4633:,
4605:,
4601:,
4597:,
4483:,
4479:A
4407:Re
4368:,
4291:A
4284:7
4278:8
4272:9
4259:U
4253:O
4247:K
4241:A
4232:7
4226:8
4220:9
4207:U
4201:O
4195:K
4189:A
4180:7
4174:8
4168:9
4155:U
4149:O
4143:K
4137:A
4128:7
4122:8
4116:9
4103:U
4097:O
4091:K
4085:A
4003:7
3997:8
3991:9
3985:O
3979:K
3967:A
3959:7
3953:8
3947:9
3941:O
3935:K
3923:A
3913:7
3907:8
3901:9
3895:O
3889:K
3877:A
3864:7
3858:8
3852:9
3846:O
3840:K
3828:A
3822:U
3816:U
3810:U
3804:U
3791:)
3765:).
3727:8
3721:9
3715:U
3709:K
3697:A
3691:O
3685:O
3679:O
3673:O
3647:A
3584:.
3571:7
3565:8
3559:9
3553:U
3547:K
3535:A
3527:7
3521:8
3515:9
3509:U
3503:K
3491:A
3481:7
3475:8
3469:9
3463:U
3457:K
3445:A
3437:7
3431:8
3425:9
3419:U
3413:K
3401:A
3388:O
3382:O
3376:O
3370:O
3245:,
3241:,
3170:)
2996:,
2992:,
2846:,
2682:.
2665:.
2214:7
2208:8
2202:9
2196:K
2184:A
2176:7
2170:8
2164:9
2158:K
2146:A
2136:7
2130:8
2124:9
2118:K
2106:A
2093:7
2087:8
2081:9
2075:K
2063:A
2057:U
2051:U
2045:U
2039:U
2033:O
2027:O
2021:O
2015:O
2002:)
1977:.
1927:,
1911:A
1905:7
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