1210:
72:
1085:
750:
33:
592:
430:
1292:, which had survived Coronel. Sturdee's ships reached the Falklands by the morning of 8 December, shortly before Spee's squadron arrived. The British spotted the East Asia Squadron at 09:40; Spee was unaware that the British had sent the two battlecruisers, and when he observed them, he ordered his ships to withdraw. Despite the
621:
of 8.37 m (27 ft 6 in), and displaced 11,616 t (11,433 long tons; 12,804 short tons) standard, and 12,985 t (12,780 long tons; 14,314 short tons) at full load. The ships' hulls were constructed of transverse and longitudinal steel frames, over which the outer hull plating was
699:
s screws were slightly smaller, at 4.60 m (15 ft 1 in) wide on the center shaft and 4.80 m (15 ft 9 in) on the outer pair. The triple expansion engines were supplied with steam by 18 coal-fired marine-type boilers with 36 fire boxes. The engines were designed to provide
873:
The forward conning tower had 200 mm (7.9 in) thick sides and a 30 mm (1.2 in) thick roof. The rear conning tower was less well-armored, with sides that were only 50 mm (2.0 in) thick and a roof that was 20 mm (0.79 in) thick. The main battery gun turrets had
855:
that was 150 mm (5.9 in) thick in the central portion of the ship, extending from abreast the forward conning tower to just aft of the rear tower, where the propulsion machinery areas were located. This was a significant increase in thickness over earlier German armored cruisers. Tests at
808:, which were mounted in individual casemates and pivot mounts in the superstructure. The 8.8 cm guns fired a 7 kg (15 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 770 m/s (2,500 ft/s). These guns had a maximum elevation of 25 degrees and a range of 9,100 m (10,000 yd).
490:
in the event that German battleships were damaged and unable to continue fighting. Up to this point, this had not been a consideration in German armored cruiser construction, and so a significant increase in both firepower and armor protection would be required to accommodate it. This in turn
351:
cruisers that preceded them; the extra size was used primarily to increase the main armament of 21 cm (8.2 inch) guns from four to eight. The ships were the first German cruisers to reach equality with their
British counterparts. The ships were named after 19th century Prussian army
869:
planking. The main armored deck ranged in thickness from 60 mm (2.4 in) over critical areas and down to 35 mm (1.4 in) elsewhere. The deck sloped down to connect to the belt at its lower edge; this portion was between 40–55 mm (1.6–2.2 in) thick.
799:
guns in individual casemates. These guns fired a 40 kg (88 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 800 m/s (2,600 ft/s). They could be elevated to 30 degrees, which provided a maximum range of 13,900 m (15,200 yd). For close-range defense against
724:
ran at 23.6 knots (43.7 km/h; 27.2 mph). The vessels carried 800 t (790 long tons; 880 short tons) of coal normally, though they were capable of storing up to 2,000 t (2,000 long tons; 2,200 short tons) of coal. This provided a maximum range of 4,800
860:
had revealed that the 100 mm (3.9 in) belt used in all preceding designs was too thin to stop the medium-caliber shells that the cruisers would likely face in combat. The belt decreased to 80 mm (3.1 in) on either end of the central
787:
of 780 meters per second (2,600 ft/s). The turrets had a maximum range of 16,200 m (53,100 ft), while the casemates could only engage targets out to 12,300 m (13,500 yd). The guns were supplied with a total of 700 rounds.
782:
operated, and the mounts provided a range of elevation from -5 to +30 degrees. The casemates used electric motors to train the guns, but elevation was hand-operated. These guns fired a 108-kilogram (238 lb) armor-piercing shell at a
874:
170 mm (6.7 in) thick sides and 30 mm (1.2 in) thick roofs, while the amidships guns were protected with 150 mm (5.9 in) thick gun shields and 40 mm (1.6 in) thick roofs. The
737:) at a cruising speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). The ships had a single rudder. The vessels' electrical plant consisted of four turbo-generators that delivered 260 kilowatts at 110
1124:. Because the German ships had an advantage in speed, Spee was able to keep the distance to 18 kilometers, before closing to 12 km (6.5 nmi) to engage the British flotilla at 19:00.
1354:
In
Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (Schnelladekanone) denotes that the gun is quick loading, while the L/40 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/40 gun is 40
1019:
on a routine cruise; the rest of Spee's squadron was dispersed around the
Pacific. The declaration of war by Japan on Germany convinced Spee to consolidate his force with the cruisers
555:
Several other minor changes were introduced, including a strengthening of the tertiary battery of 8.8 cm (3.5 in) guns to the level used in contemporary battleships like the
833:
and had a range of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) when set at a speed of 31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph) and 3,000 m (9,800 ft) at 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph).
649:, when serving as the squadron second command flagship, had an extra staff of 3 officers and 25 men. The ships carried a number of smaller vessels, including two picket boats, two
1886:
2455:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2695:
2715:
2710:
1015:
were regarded as well-trained vessels; both ships won awards for their excellence at gunnery. At the start of World War I, the two ships were in the
865:; this extended all the way to the bow and almost completely to the stern, the extreme end of which was not armored. The entire belt was backed with
1879:
1296:, the fast battlecruisers quickly caught up with the worn-out German ships, which had just completed a 16,000 mile voyage without repairs.
471:, then the world's preeminent naval force. Germany's armored cruiser force followed a series of iterative developments based on the cruiser
882:
of armor that was 130 mm (5.1 in) thick, while the guns themselves were protected with 80 mm (3.1 in) thick shields.
1990:
1872:
1181:
remarked that it was "the saddest naval action of the war." The defeat was the first to be inflicted on the Royal Navy since the 1814
2763:
486:
During the design process for the class, the
General Department issued a request that the new cruisers be capable of fighting in the
2795:
467:
and as scouts for the main battle fleet in German waters. The naval expansion program was primarily directed against the
British
1299:
At approximately 13:20, the battlecruisers opened fire at a range of 14 kilometers (8.7 mi). After a two-hour-long battle,
700:
26,000 metric horsepower (19,000 kW; 26,000 ihp), though on trials they achieved higher figures—28,782 ihp for
2076:
1811:
1792:
1773:
1751:
1728:
1705:
1686:
1664:
1076:, and decided to avoid the risk. The French had also set fire to the coal stocks to prevent the Germans from using the coal.
391:
as the squadron flagship, which had been on station since 1900. Both ships had short careers; shortly before the outbreak of
2498:
2790:
1957:
577:
demonstrated the excessive blast effect interfered with control of the ships, and so those guns were suppressed in the
2317:
2254:
1031:
from the
American station, and head for Chile to refuel. The flotilla would then attempt to return to Germany via the
1834:
684:
class: three 3-cylinder triple expansion engines. Each engine drove a single propeller; that one the center shaft on
2480:
2154:
1235:
1740:
Die
Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz
1311:
had been hit more than 50 times at close range; the crew gave three cheers for the Kaiser before the vessel sank.
2505:
2140:
690:
was 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in) in diameter while the outer two were 5 m (16 ft 5 in) wide.
1983:
1698:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory
1229:
964:
418:
2364:
2147:
2090:
1178:
571:
209:
1143:
s ammunition magazines, which resulted in a tremendous explosion that destroyed the ship. The light cruiser
2190:
2097:
2083:
2069:
878:
that supported the turrets were 140 mm (5.5 in) thick. The 15 cm battery was protected by a
556:
22:
1653:
Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
2051:
1166:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2125:
2061:
2023:
552:
class was the first German armored cruiser design that compared favorably to its foreign counterparts.
1846:
Die
Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart
1823:
Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart
1744:
The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws
712:. The ships were rated at a top speed of 22.5 knots (41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph), though on trials
2545:
2338:
1976:
1067:
2037:
1330:
2785:
2268:
1293:
1209:
805:
654:
267:
1120:
At approximately 17:00 on 1 November 1914, the East Asia Squadron encountered Cradock's ships off
2640:
2635:
2429:
2410:
2390:
2310:
2289:
2282:
2044:
2030:
2016:
932:
796:
610:
353:
260:
2400:
2385:
2296:
1060:
643:, as the squadron flagship, had a larger crew, including an additional 14 officers and 62 men.
627:
464:
2690:
2675:
2324:
2275:
2261:
2240:
1249:
1243:
1182:
408:
2331:
2174:
1654:
543:
386:
193:
2705:
2685:
2670:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2630:
2625:
2490:
2462:
2417:
2405:
2356:
2303:
2247:
1968:
1131:
357:
77:
8:
2700:
2680:
2665:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
1850:
The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present
1827:
The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present
1355:
1265:
1150:
1036:
1000:
1084:
2395:
2197:
2182:
1932:
1283:
1271:
1160:
1035:. Spee also intended to attack the three British cruisers under the command of Admiral
1026:
1020:
987:
792:
510:
472:
439:
376:
345:
327:
87:
749:
2348:
1853:
1830:
1807:
1788:
1769:
1747:
1724:
1717:
1701:
1682:
1660:
1115:
825:, and the fourth was placed in the stern. The ships were supplied with a total of 11
822:
567:
539:
456:
400:
187:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2472:
2117:
1198:
1056:
1016:
32:
2166:
1909:
1305:
was dead in the water and listing heavily. The ship was sunk shortly thereafter.
1277:
1255:
916:
862:
784:
614:
460:
333:
321:
142:
1761:
1258:
was placed in command of the flotilla, which also included the armored cruisers
1234:
Some six hours after news of the battle reached England, Fisher ordered Admiral
1144:
591:
1175:
1121:
1032:
771:
606:
546:) more power for the propulsion system. As a result of these improvements, the
487:
2211:
1941:
100:
2779:
2224:
2109:
1916:
1864:
1857:
1259:
948:
923:
763:
726:
658:
650:
631:
563:
339:
253:
1089:
2377:
2132:
1674:
1059:
with the intention of seizing the coal stockpiled in the harbor. The ships
818:
801:
618:
517:
274:
1110:
following. In the middle distance are several vessels of the Chilean fleet
718:
steamed at a maximum of 23.5 knots (43.5 km/h; 27.0 mph), while
2005:
1239:
1169:
848:
525:
392:
300:
1768:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2008:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1073:
852:
817:-class ships were equipped with four 45 cm (18 in) submerged
779:
767:
521:
468:
404:
294:
288:
1201:, in order to destroy the British wireless transmitter located there.
1844:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
1821:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
730:
506:
433:
429:
215:
483:
class represented the culmination of that evolutionary development.
2232:
1843:
1820:
1505:
1503:
955:
875:
775:
637:
The ships had a standard crew of 38 officers and 726 enlisted men.
502:
605:
The ships of the class were 144.60 meters (474 ft 5 in)
1359:
1064:
1052:
997:
986:
Upon commissioning, both ships of the class were assigned to the
927:
830:
826:
778:
located amidships. The turrets were the DrL C/01 type, which was
774:
on the centerline, and the remaining four were mounted in single
562:. The design staff considered adding a pair of these guns to the
399:. On 1 November 1914, the ships destroyed a British force at the
396:
1500:
1329:
managed to escape temporarily, before she too was destroyed off
1193:
to be awarded to the men of Spee's squadron. After refueling in
2517:
959:
879:
857:
666:
535:
534:
class. The speed increase was achieved by the addition of two
2660:
623:
498:
1998:
866:
738:
734:
662:
459:
in Germany, passed in 1900, envisioned a force of fourteen
841:
As was the standard for German warships, the ships of the
829:. The C/03 torpedo carried a 147.5-kilogram (325 lb)
678:-class ships used the same powerplant as in the preceding
1829:] (in German). Vol. 3. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
1039:, and any British shipping encountered. On 22 September,
1679:
The Kaiser's Battlefleet: German Capital Ships 1871–1918
586:
1515:
1358:, meaning that the gun is 40 times as long as it is in
1746:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag.
1399:
1619:
1578:
1539:
1136:
some 34 times; at least one of the shells penetrated
18:
Class of armored cruisers of the German Imperial Navy
1609:
1607:
1605:
1556:
1554:
762:
The ships' main battery armament consisted of eight
1659:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189.
1527:
1423:
804:, the ships carried a tertiary battery of eighteen
1804:"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918
1716:
1488:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1411:
570:, but experience with the same arrangement on the
417:-class ships, was subsequently annihilated at the
1656:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1652:
1631:
1602:
1590:
1566:
1551:
1509:
1387:
1204:
811:As was customary for warships of the period, the
2777:
1476:
1072:. However, Spee feared that the harbor had been
516:. The weight increase secured a doubling of the
411:in 1814. The East Asia Squadron, including both
332:(Imperial Navy). The class comprised two ships,
1464:
1435:
1375:
1333:. Some 2,200 men were killed, among them Spee.
1894:
524:, and an increase in top speed by more than a
1984:
1880:
1852:]. Vol. 7. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1254:to hunt down the German ships. Vice Admiral
1219:
1213:
1125:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1046:
1040:
1010:
1004:
991:
842:
812:
754:
719:
713:
707:
701:
691:
685:
679:
673:
644:
638:
634:that ran for 50% of the length of the hull.
609:, and 143.80 m (471 ft 9 in)
596:
578:
547:
529:
492:
478:
446:
412:
380:
370:
364:
325:
313:
56:
38:
617:of 21.60 m (70 ft 10 in), a
1991:
1977:
1887:
1873:
1197:, the East Asia Squadron departed for the
1185:. After news of the battle reached Kaiser
1174:both escaped under the cover of darkness.
821:. One was mounted in the bow, one on each
395:, the ships departed the German colony at
152:12,985 t (12,780 long tons) full load
2764:List of ships of the Imperial German Navy
1088:The German squadron (background) leaving
2755:Building for the Netherlands when seized
1999:German naval ship classes of World War I
1208:
1159:sank as well. The British light cruiser
1083:
1063:that resulted in the sinking of the old
748:
590:
428:
1719:The First World War: A Complete History
303:: 35 to 60 mm (1.4 to 2.4 in)
2778:
1149:closed to point-blank range to attack
1972:
1868:
764:21 cm (8.3 in) SK L/40 guns
587:General characteristics and machinery
160:144.60 m (474 ft 5 in)
1787:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1737:
1700:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1695:
1533:
1521:
1494:
1079:
497:s were accordingly about 2,000
491:required much larger ships, and the
168:21.60 m (70 ft 10 in)
1958:List of armored cruisers of Germany
1782:
1714:
1596:
1572:
1393:
770:, one fore and one aft of the main
13:
2749:Building for Argentina when seized
1801:
1760:
1673:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1584:
1560:
1545:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1381:
981:
320:was the last class of traditional
176:8.37 m (27 ft 6 in)
14:
2807:
1681:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
385:relieved the old armored cruiser
268:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/35
1092:on 3 November after the battle,
797:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/40
379:in 1909 and 1910, respectively.
261:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/40
70:
31:
2796:World War I cruisers of Germany
1348:
1242:, to detach the battlecruisers
1785:A Naval History of World War I
1230:Battle of the Falkland Islands
1205:Battle of the Falkland Islands
965:August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
419:Battle of the Falkland Islands
210:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
2449:Small / Coastal torpedo boats
1646:
1061:conducted a short bombardment
509:) heavier than the preceding
463:for both service overseas in
1369:
1341:
1155:; after a severe pummeling,
363:Built for overseas service,
344:. They were larger than the
273:4 × 45 cm (18 in)
23:Scharnhorst-class battleship
7:
2062:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1806:. Amherst: Humanity Books.
1218:rolls over and sinks while
856:the navy's firing range at
744:
407:its first defeat since the
297:: 180 mm (7.1 in)
291:: 150 mm (5.9 in)
10:
2812:
2791:Scharnhorst-class cruisers
1766:German Warships: 1815–1945
1227:
1189:in Berlin, he ordered 300
1113:
20:
2724:
2516:
2489:
2471:
2448:
2375:
2347:
2223:
2165:
2108:
2060:
2004:
1953:
1927:
1905:
1783:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
1696:Friedman, Norman (2011).
1282:, and the light cruisers
1051:approached the island of
947:
915:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
465:Germany's colonial empire
424:
227:22.7 knots (42 km/h)
133:
47:
30:
1802:Herwig, Holger (1998) .
1715:Gilbert, Martin (2004).
1336:
885:
847:class were protected by
836:
806:8.8 cm SK L/35 guns
706:and 30,396 ihp for
254:21 cm (8.3 in)
21:Not to be confused with
1738:Grießmer, Axel (1999).
1323:were also sunk, though
1238:, the commander of the
933:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
628:watertight compartments
403:and inflicted upon the
354:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
134:General characteristics
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1126:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1047:
1041:
1011:
1005:
992:
843:
813:
759:
755:
720:
714:
708:
702:
692:
686:
680:
674:
645:
639:
602:
597:
579:
548:
530:
493:
479:
452:
447:
413:
381:
371:
365:
326:
314:
57:
39:
2491:Coastal defense ships
1510:Campbell & Sieche
1408:, pp. 58–59, 67.
1331:Juan Fernández Island
1212:
1183:Battle of Plattsburgh
1087:
752:
626:. The vessels had 15
611:long at the waterline
594:
432:
409:Battle of Plattsburgh
375:were assigned to the
2731:Single ship of class
2078:Kaiser Friedrich III
595:Line drawing of the
566:roof abreast of the
538:that provided 7,100
520:, a 50% increase in
445:, the basis for the
358:August von Gneisenau
324:built by the German
78:Imperial German Navy
1628:, pp. 157–158.
1587:, pp. 155–156.
1548:, pp. 68, 206.
1524:, pp. 141–142.
1037:Christopher Cradock
1001:Maximilian von Spee
892:
2349:Protected cruisers
1432:, pp. 65, 68.
1226:
1224:continues to fight
1112:
988:East Asia Squadron
891:Construction data
890:
793:secondary armament
760:
753:Aft gun turret on
603:
575:-class battleships
453:
377:East Asia Squadron
328:Kaiserliche Marine
188:water-tube boilers
2771:
2770:
2473:Aircraft carriers
1966:
1965:
1813:978-1-57392-286-9
1794:978-1-55750-352-7
1775:978-0-87021-790-6
1753:978-3-7637-5985-9
1730:978-0-8050-7617-2
1707:978-1-84832-100-7
1688:978-1-84832-229-5
1666:978-0-85177-245-5
1420:, pp. 67–68.
1167:auxiliary cruiser
1116:Battle of Coronel
1080:Battle of Coronel
979:
978:
969:28 December 1904
540:metric horsepower
438:of the preceding
401:Battle of Coronel
309:
308:
97:Succeeded by
2803:
2359:Kaiserin Augusta
2167:Armored cruisers
1993:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1840:
1817:
1798:
1779:
1757:
1734:
1722:
1711:
1692:
1670:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1363:
1352:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1223:
1217:
1199:Falkland Islands
1142:
1129:
1109:
1104:in the lead and
1103:
1097:
1057:French Polynesia
1050:
1044:
1017:Caroline Islands
1014:
1008:
995:
943:24 October 1907
924:Blohm & Voss
893:
889:
846:
816:
758:
723:
717:
711:
705:
698:
695:
689:
683:
677:
648:
642:
600:
582:
551:
533:
496:
482:
461:armored cruisers
450:
416:
384:
374:
368:
331:
322:armored cruisers
317:
240:788 enlisted men
196:(19,000 kW)
76:
74:
73:
60:
42:
35:
28:
27:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2786:Cruiser classes
2776:
2775:
2772:
2767:
2720:
2512:
2485:
2467:
2444:
2371:
2366:Victoria Louise
2343:
2219:
2161:
2104:
2056:
2000:
1997:
1967:
1962:
1949:
1923:
1901:
1899:-class cruisers
1893:
1837:
1814:
1795:
1776:
1754:
1731:
1708:
1689:
1667:
1649:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1256:Doveton Sturdee
1232:
1207:
1140:
1118:
1082:
984:
982:Service history
888:
839:
785:muzzle velocity
766:, four in twin
747:
696:
589:
427:
421:on 8 December.
181:Installed power
143:Armored cruiser
71:
69:
43:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2769:
2768:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2225:Light cruisers
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2192:Prinz Adalbert
2188:
2185:Prinz Heinrich
2180:
2177:Fürst Bismarck
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2110:Battlecruisers
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1938:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1841:
1835:
1818:
1812:
1799:
1793:
1780:
1774:
1758:
1752:
1735:
1729:
1712:
1706:
1693:
1687:
1671:
1665:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1640:, p. 158.
1630:
1618:
1616:, p. 157.
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1563:, p. 206.
1550:
1538:
1536:, p. 336.
1526:
1514:
1512:, p. 140.
1499:
1497:, p. 177.
1487:
1485:, p. 268.
1475:
1463:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1396:, p. 102.
1386:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1228:Main article:
1206:
1203:
1176:First Sea Lord
1114:Main article:
1081:
1078:
1033:Atlantic Ocean
983:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
962:
953:
945:
944:
941:
940:23 March 1906
938:
937:22 March 1905
935:
930:
921:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
887:
884:
851:. They had an
838:
835:
772:superstructure
746:
743:
727:nautical miles
588:
585:
488:line of battle
474:Prinz Heinrich
426:
423:
388:Fürst Bismarck
307:
306:
305:
304:
298:
292:
284:
280:
279:
278:
277:
271:
264:
257:
256:(2 × 2, 4 × 1)
248:
244:
243:
242:
241:
238:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
219:
218:
212:
204:
200:
199:
198:
197:
190:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
98:
94:
93:
85:
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
61:-class cruiser
54:
50:
49:
48:Class overview
45:
44:
36:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2808:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2378:torpedo boats
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1940:Followed by:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:Preceded by:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1836:3-7822-0211-2
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:Gröner, Erich
1759:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:. Macmillan.
1721:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:Dodson, Aidan
1672:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1599:, p. 89.
1598:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1575:, p. 66.
1574:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1473:, p. 50.
1472:
1467:
1461:, p. 52.
1460:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1384:, p. 28.
1383:
1378:
1374:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1334:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1236:John Jellicoe
1231:
1222:
1216:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:Jackie Fisher
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1003:'s flagship.
1002:
999:
994:
989:
975:6 March 1908
974:
972:14 June 1906
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
957:
954:
952:
951:
946:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
925:
922:
920:
919:
914:
911:Commissioned
894:
883:
881:
877:
871:
868:
864:
859:
854:
850:
845:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:torpedo tubes
815:
809:
807:
803:
802:torpedo boats
798:
795:included six
794:
789:
786:
781:
780:hydraulically
777:
773:
769:
765:
757:
751:
742:
740:
736:
733:; 5,500
732:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
641:
635:
633:
632:double bottom
629:
625:
620:
616:
613:. They had a
612:
608:
599:
593:
584:
581:
576:
574:
569:
565:
564:conning tower
561:
559:
553:
550:
545:
541:
537:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
513:
508:
504:
500:
495:
489:
484:
481:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
431:
422:
420:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:
383:
378:
373:
367:
361:
359:
355:
350:
348:
343:
342:
337:
336:
330:
329:
323:
319:
316:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
275:torpedo tubes
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
255:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
239:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
226:
223:
222:
217:
213:
211:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
96:
95:
92:
90:
86:
83:
82:
79:
68:
65:
64:
59:
55:
52:
51:
46:
41:
34:
29:
24:
16:
2773:
2759:
2758:
2506:
2499:
2456:
2418:
2411:
2365:
2358:
2339:FK proposals
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2176:
2156:Ersatz Yorck
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2120:Von der Tann
2119:
2098:
2092:Braunschweig
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
1943:
1933:
1917:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1849:
1845:
1826:
1822:
1803:
1784:
1765:
1743:
1739:
1718:
1697:
1678:
1655:
1633:
1621:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1350:
1298:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1233:
1191:Iron Crosses
1170:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1119:
1068:
1027:
1021:
985:
949:
917:
872:
840:
810:
790:
761:
729:(8,900
671:
636:
607:long overall
604:
573:Braunschweig
572:
557:
554:
542:(7,000
518:main battery
511:
485:
473:
454:
440:
434:
387:
362:
346:
340:
334:
312:
310:
192:26,000
149:Displacement
102:
88:
15:
2743:Conversions
2206:Scharnhorst
2142:Derfflinger
2099:Deutschland
2085:Wittelsbach
2071:Brandenburg
2009:battleships
2006:Dreadnought
1911:Scharnhorst
1897:Scharnhorst
1302:Scharnhorst
1240:Grand Fleet
1215:Scharnhorst
1127:Scharnhorst
1095:Scharnhorst
1042:Scharnhorst
1006:Scharnhorst
996:serving as
993:Scharnhorst
918:Scharnhorst
849:Krupp armor
844:Scharnhorst
814:Scharnhorst
768:gun turrets
756:Scharnhorst
715:Scharnhorst
703:Scharnhorst
687:Scharnhorst
675:Scharnhorst
640:Scharnhorst
598:Scharnhorst
580:Scharnhorst
558:Deutschland
549:Scharnhorst
494:Scharnhorst
480:Scharnhorst
455:The Second
448:Scharnhorst
414:Scharnhorst
393:World War I
382:Scharnhorst
366:Scharnhorst
352:reformers,
335:Scharnhorst
315:Scharnhorst
237:52 officers
84:Preceded by
58:Scharnhorst
40:Scharnhorst
2780:Categories
2319:Königsberg
2256:Königsberg
1647:References
1294:head start
1251:Inflexible
1245:Invincible
1195:Valparaiso
1187:Wilhelm II
1090:Valparaíso
905:Laid down
853:armor belt
665:, and one
522:belt armor
507:short tons
477:, and the
469:Royal Navy
405:Royal Navy
216:propellers
214:3 × screw
203:Propulsion
118:In service
2737:Cancelled
2500:Siegfried
2357:SMS
2312:Wiesbaden
2291:Karlsruhe
2284:Magdeburg
2233:SMS
2212:SMS
2183:SMS
2175:SMS
2149:Mackensen
2133:SMS
2118:SMS
2025:Helgoland
1942:SMS
1918:Gneisenau
1858:310653560
1370:Citations
1362:diameter.
1342:Footnotes
1308:Gneisenau
1261:Carnarvon
1221:Gneisenau
1138:Good Hope
1133:Good Hope
1101:Gneisenau
1048:Gneisenau
1012:Gneisenau
950:Gneisenau
908:Launched
902:Namesake
876:barbettes
827:torpedoes
823:broadside
776:casemates
721:Gneisenau
709:Gneisenau
693:Gneisenau
646:Gneisenau
528:over the
503:long tons
457:Naval Law
372:Gneisenau
341:Gneisenau
121:1907–1914
113:1905–1908
101:SMS
66:Operators
2760:See also
2298:Graudenz
2270:Nautilus
2135:Seydlitz
1764:(1990).
1677:(2016).
1534:Friedman
1522:Friedman
1495:Grießmer
1356:calibers
1314:Nürnberg
1267:Cornwall
1165:and the
1157:Monmouth
1152:Monmouth
1146:Nürnberg
1107:Nürnberg
956:AG Weser
899:Builder
745:Armament
661:, three
651:launches
583:design.
505:; 2,200
270:(18 × 1)
247:Armament
2518:U-boats
2326:Brummer
2277:Kolberg
2263:Dresden
2242:Gazelle
2214:Blücher
2052:L 20e α
1944:Blücher
1597:Halpern
1573:Halpern
1394:Gilbert
1326:Dresden
1320:Leipzig
1290:Glasgow
1285:Bristol
1273:Defence
1171:Otranto
1162:Glasgow
1122:Coronel
1065:gunboat
1053:Papeete
1028:Dresden
1022:Leipzig
998:Admiral
990:, with
928:Hamburg
863:citadel
831:warhead
659:cutters
655:pinnace
624:riveted
536:boilers
501:(1,970
397:Qingdao
295:Turrets
263:(6 × 1)
103:Blücher
2691:UC III
2676:UB III
2376:Large
2305:Pillau
2249:Bremen
2127:Moltke
2046:Bayern
2032:Kaiser
2018:Nassau
1856:
1833:
1810:
1791:
1772:
1750:
1727:
1704:
1685:
1663:
1638:Herwig
1626:Herwig
1614:Herwig
1585:Herwig
1561:Dodson
1546:Dodson
1483:Herwig
1471:Gröner
1459:Gröner
1430:Dodson
1418:Dodson
1406:Dodson
1382:Herwig
1276:, and
960:Bremen
880:strake
858:Meppen
667:dinghy
657:, two
653:, one
630:and a
568:bridge
451:design
425:Design
349:-class
157:Length
75:
2706:UE II
2686:UC II
2671:UB II
2656:U 151
2651:U 142
2646:U 139
2641:U 135
2636:U 131
2631:U 127
2626:U 115
2430:1916M
2039:König
1936:class
1848:[
1825:[
1742:[
1337:Notes
1141:'
1074:mined
1069:Zélée
896:Name
886:Ships
837:Armor
739:volts
697:'
663:yawls
619:draft
601:class
560:class
443:class
435:Yorck
318:class
283:Armor
266:18 ×
224:Speed
173:Draft
110:Built
91:class
2701:UE I
2696:UD 1
2681:UC I
2666:UB I
2621:U 93
2616:U 87
2611:U 81
2606:U 66
2601:U 63
2596:U 57
2591:U 51
2586:U 43
2581:U 31
2576:U 27
2571:U 23
2566:U 19
2561:U 17
2556:U 16
2551:U 13
2507:Odin
2440:1918
2435:1917
2425:1916
2419:V105
2412:G101
2406:1914
2401:1913
2396:1911
2391:1906
2386:1898
2333:Cöln
2235:Hela
2199:Roon
1934:Roon
1854:OCLC
1831:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1360:bore
1317:and
1288:and
1279:Kent
1248:and
1130:hit
1098:and
1045:and
1025:and
1009:and
867:teak
791:The
681:Roon
672:The
615:beam
531:Roon
526:knot
512:Roon
441:Roon
369:and
356:and
347:Roon
338:and
311:The
301:Deck
289:Belt
259:6 ×
252:8 ×
232:Crew
208:3 ×
165:Beam
139:Type
126:Lost
89:Roon
53:Name
37:SMS
2546:U 9
2541:U 5
2536:U 3
2531:U 2
2526:U 1
2481:"I"
1055:in
544:ihp
194:ihp
186:18
2782::
2762::
2716:UG
2711:UF
2661:UA
2457:S7
1604:^
1553:^
1502:^
1437:^
1270:,
1264:,
958:,
926:,
741:.
735:mi
731:km
669:.
360:.
2752:N
2746:A
2740:V
2734:X
2728:S
2463:A
1992:e
1985:t
1978:v
1888:e
1881:t
1874:v
1860:.
1839:.
1816:.
1797:.
1778:.
1756:.
1733:.
1710:.
1691:.
1669:.
514:s
499:t
129:2
25:.
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