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987:
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47:
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1322:(author), as a subject for investigation. By reading it thoroughly and critically, the disciples learned to appreciate the theories of the author. Other documents related to the book would be referenced, such as Church councils, papal letters and anything else written on the subject, be it ancient or contemporary. The points of disagreement and contention between multiple sources would be written down in individual sentences or snippets of text, known as
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1104:, whose artful synthesis of Greek rationalism and Christian doctrine eventually came to define Catholic philosophy. Aquinas placed more emphasis on reason and argumentation, and was one of the first to use the new translation of Aristotle's metaphysical and epistemological writing. This was a significant departure from the
769:(815–877), one of the founders of scholasticism. Eriugena was the most significant Irish intellectual of the early monastic period and an outstanding philosopher in terms of originality. He had considerable familiarity with the Greek language and translated many works into Latin, affording access to the
1217:
identifies with the philosophical and theological tradition stretching back to the time of St. Thomas. It focuses not only on exegesis of the historical
Aquinas but also on the articulation of a rigorous system of orthodox Thomism to be used as an instrument of critique of contemporary thought. Due
1041:
writes "Not only was the structure of the Arabic language radically different from that of Latin, but some Arabic versions had been derived from earlier Syriac translations and were thus twice removed from the original Greek text. Word-for-word translations of such Arabic texts could produce tortured
1209:
Thomistic scholasticism has been continuous since the time of
Aquinas: "Thomism was always alive in the Dominican Order, small as it was after the ravages of the Reformation, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic occupation. Repeated legislation of the General Chapters, beginning after the death
519:; a topic drawn from the tradition is broached in the form of a question, oppositional responses are given, a counterproposal is argued and oppositional arguments rebutted. Because of its emphasis on rigorous dialectical method, scholasticism was eventually applied to many other fields of study.
1414:). Arguments for the position taken would be presented in turn, followed by arguments against the position, and finally the arguments against would be refuted. This method forced scholars to consider opposing viewpoints and defend their own arguments against them.
1405:
method of reasoning was initially used especially when two authoritative texts seemed to contradict one another. Two contradictory propositions would be considered in the form of an either/or question, and each part of the question would have to be approved
1330:, the two sides of an argument would be made whole so that they would be found to be in agreement and not contradictory. (Of course, sometimes opinions would be totally rejected, or new positions proposed.) This was done in two ways. The first was through
1037:'s translations and editions of Greek philosophical texts in the middle half of the thirteenth century helped form a clearer picture of Greek philosophy, particularly of Aristotle, than was given by the Arabic versions on which they had previously relied.
1073:, incorporating only a little of Aristotle in with the more neoplatonist elements. Following Anselm, Bonaventure supposed that reason can only discover truth when philosophy is illuminated by religious faith. Other important Franciscan scholastics were
522:
Scholasticism was initially a program conducted by medieval
Christian thinkers attempting to harmonize the various authorities of their own tradition, and to reconcile Christian theology with classical and late antiquity philosophy, especially that of
1048:
developed in the large cities of Europe during this period, and rival clerical orders within the church began to battle for political and intellectual control over these centers of educational life. The two main orders founded in this period were the
1308:
Cornelius O'Boyle explained that
Scholasticism focuses on how to acquire knowledge and how to communicate effectively so that it may be acquired by others. It was thought that the best way to achieve this was by replicating the discovery process
1338:
might have intended a certain word to mean something different. Ambiguity could be used to find common ground between two otherwise contradictory statements. The second was through logical analysis, which relied on the rules of formal
1398:. In this case, the teacher responded and the students rebutted; on the following day the teacher, having used notes taken during the disputation, summarised all arguments and presented his final position, riposting all rebuttals.
1033:. Schools of translation grew up in Italy and Sicily, and eventually in the rest of Europe. Powerful Norman kings gathered men of knowledge from Italy and other areas into their courts as a sign of their prestige.
750:, attracted the scholars of England and Ireland, where some Greek works continued to survive in the original. By a 787 decree, he established schools at every abbey in his empire. These schools, from which the name
1108:
and
Augustinian thinking that had dominated much of early scholasticism. Aquinas showed how it was possible to incorporate much of the philosophy of Aristotle without falling into the "errors" of the Commentator,
1260:
or act of existence of finite beings by participating in being itself. Other scholars such as those involved with the "Progetto
Tommaso" seek to establish an objective and universal reading of Aquinas' texts.
1880:
Grant, Edward, and
Emeritus Edward Grant. The foundations of modern science in the Middle Ages: their religious, institutional and intellectual contexts. Cambridge University Press, 1996, 23–28
1292:. Attempts emerged to combine elements of scholastic and analytic methodology in pursuit of a contemporary philosophical synthesis. Proponents of various incarnations of this approach include
2698:
5832:
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2411:] (in Dutch). With contributions by T. Theo J. Pleizier, Pieter L. Rouwendal, and Maarten Wisse; Translated by Albert Gootjes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Reformation Heritage Books.
515:. Scholastic thought is also known for rigorous conceptual analysis and the careful drawing of distinctions. In the classroom and in writing, it often takes the form of explicit
480:
in the
Western world. Scholasticism dominated education in Europe from about 1100 to 1700. The rise of scholasticism was closely associated with these schools that flourished in
8623:
4849:
1218:
to its suspicion of attempts to harmonize
Aquinas with non-Thomistic categories and assumptions, Scholastic Thomism has sometimes been called, according to philosophers like
805:
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of St. Thomas, as well as the
Constitutions of the Order, required all Dominicans to teach the doctrine of St. Thomas both in philosophy and in theology."
9383:
5857:
1487:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). On the difference between scholastic and medieval monastic postures towards learning, see Jean Leclercq,
12576:
4389:
3869:
3320:
6324:
4764:
2107:
1227:
7996:
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955:, and others have argued against the idea that scholasticism primarily derived from philosophical contact, emphasizing its continuity with earlier
948:
1029:
The 13th and early 14th centuries are generally seen as the high period of scholasticism. The early 13th century witnessed the culmination of the
6645:
2068:
Gracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 353–369, 494–503, 696–712
952:
573:(1265–1274) is considered to be the pinnacle of scholastic, medieval, and Christian philosophy; it began while Aquinas was regent master at the
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3073:
757:
During this period, knowledge of Ancient Greek had vanished in the West except in Ireland, where its teaching and use was fairly common in its
1741:
Winter, Tim J. "Introduction." Introduction. The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008. 4–5. Print.
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Thomistic scholasticism in the English speaking world went into decline in the 1970s when the Thomistic revival that had been spearheaded by
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Hannam, James. The genesis of science: How the Christian Middle Ages launched the scientific revolution. Simon and Schuster, 2011, 90–93
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readings. By contrast, the structural closeness of Latin to Greek, permitted literal, but intelligible, word-for-word translations."
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that attempted to reconcile the use of classical pagan and philosophical sources in a medieval Christian concept using the kludge of
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and William avoided a similar fate through systematic self-bowdlerization of his early work, but his commentaries and encyclopedic
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on Muslim philosophers. In the case of Aquinas, for instance, see Jan Aertsen, "Aquinas' philosophy in its historical setting" in
1394:
Questions to be disputed were ordinarily announced beforehand, but students could propose a question to the teacher unannounced –
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1355:: a teacher would read an authoritative text followed by a commentary, but no questions were permitted. This was followed by the
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The revival and development from the second half of the 19th century of medieval scholastic philosophy is sometimes called neo-
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17:
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1500:
Gracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 55–64
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in 1215, to propagate and defend Christian doctrine, placed more emphasis on the use of reason and made extensive use of the
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largely adopted the scholastic method of theology, while differing regarding sources of authority and content of theology.
840:
traveled to Spain and Sicily, translating works on astronomy and mathematics, including the first complete translation of
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589:. Important work in the scholastic tradition has been carried on well past Aquinas's time, such as English scholastics
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through his logical and theological essays, and later forerunners (and then companions) to scholasticism were Islamic
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808:" of many Greek works which had been lost to the Latin West. As early as the latter half of the 10th century, the
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Scholasticism is a method of learning more than a philosophy or a theology, since it places a strong emphasis on
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1941:
1343:– as they were known at the time – to show that contradictions did not exist but were subjective to the reader.
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surface meanings as coverings disguising a deeper (and more orthodox) truth. Abelard himself was condemned by
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derived from the East and Moorish Spain. The great representatives of Dominican thinking in this period were
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1256:(1964– ) among others. Fabro in particular emphasizes Aquinas' originality, especially with respect to the
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1222:, "Strict Observance Thomism". A discussion of recent and current Thomistic scholasticism can be found in
809:
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A renewed interest in the "scholastic" way of doing philosophy has recently awoken in the confines of the
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in the 12th century, Spain opened even further for Christian scholars and, as these Europeans encountered
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Campbell, Timothy P.; Harrison, Timothy M.; McDonagh, Josephine; Saltzman, Benjamin A., eds. (May 1950).
1562:, ed. Norman Kretzmann and Eleonore Stump (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). Jean Leclerq,
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analysis. Words were examined and argued to have multiple meanings. It was also considered that the
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Madeleine Pelner Cosman, Linda Gale Jones, Handbook to Life in the Medieval World, p. 391.
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2089:, et al. The Cambridge Companion to John Calvin. Cambridge University Press, 2004, 227–228
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or reflection) in which students reflected on and appropriated the text. Finally, in the
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Theologians and Contract Law: The Moral Transformation of the Ius Commune (c. 1500–1650)
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824:, they opened a wealth of Arab and Judaic knowledge of mathematics and astronomy. The
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1326:. Once the sources and points of disagreement had been laid out through a series of
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means "of or pertaining to schools". The "scholastics" were, roughly, "schoolmen".
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777:. Three other primary founders of scholasticism were the 11th-century archbishops
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1272:, and others, diminished in influence. Partly, this was because this branch of
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4227:
2785:, article by James Franklin on the influence of scholasticism on later thought
2267:
Simpson, William M. R.; Koons, Robert C.; Orr, James, eds. (11 October 2021).
1976:
1576:
1483:
See Steven P. Marone, "Medieval philosophy in context" in A. S. McGrade, ed.,
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2426:
Clagett, Marshall (1982). "William of Moerbeke: Translator of Archimedes".
2314:
The art of medicine: medical teaching at the University of Paris, 1250–1400
2099:
1424:
1219:
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had begun translating Arabic texts into Latin. After a successful burst of
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theology, these monastic schools became the basis of the earliest European
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2008:
1991:
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himself was ... together with John Scotus Erigena (9th century), and
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2800:– Huge database with information on biography, text chronology, editions.
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Ed. Daniel Patte. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 11132-1133
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Scholastic instruction consisted of several elements. The first was the
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Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition, 400–1400.
1770:
Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition, 400–1400.
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939:
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Knowledge True and Useful: A Cultural History of Early Scholasticism
2612:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
730:
The first significant renewal of learning in the West came with the
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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had become a quest to understand the historical Aquinas after the
1237:, which includes such figures as Sofia Vanni Rovighi (1908–1990),
677:
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An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
8559:
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
4293:
4203:
4108:
2990:
1661:. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 490.
1318:
841:
657:
189:
1316:
The scholasticists would choose a book by a renowned scholar,
1088:
By contrast, the Dominican order, a teaching order founded by
765:, where they were renowned for their learning. Among them was
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614:
1659:
The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy (Gifford Lectures 1933–35)
12681:
6273:
5992:
2378:
1856:(both 11th century), one of the founders of scholasticism."
613:
The terms "scholastic" and "scholasticism" derive from the
2219:. Rome: Millennium Romae. pp. 157–161. Archived from
1491:(New York: Fordham University Press, 1970) esp. 89; 238ff.
10416:
4739:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2738:
2024:
1859:
1224:
La Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti
944:
or opinions of the Church Fathers and other authorities.
2797:
2783:
The genius of the scholastics and the orbit of Aristotle
2366:
2354:
672:
The foundations of Christian scholasticism were laid by
12666:
2270:
Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysics and the Theology of Nature
1061:
in 1209. Their leader in the middle of the century was
1883:
4770:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1992:"Toward a Cultural History of Scholastic Disputation"
472:, and thus became the bedrock for the development of
2513:
The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting
2215:. In Giacomo Grasso, O.P.; Stefano Serafini (eds.).
1915:, Vol. 4, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.
921:
on Scripture, followed by the rise to prominence of
761:. Irish scholars had a considerable presence in the
2042:Hammond, Jay, Wayne Hellmann, and Jared Goff, eds.
1802:
1800:
1798:
3843:
3321:On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration
2605:
30:"Scholastics" redirects here. For other uses, see
3526:
3449:
2689:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2428:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2104:"The Thomistic tradition, Part I (archived copy)"
605:, and also among Lutheran and Reformed thinkers.
12779:
4840:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2789:Medieval Philosophy, Universities and the Church
2648:Protestant Scholasticism: Essays in Reassessment
2200:. Treccani Encyclopedia./ Accessed 9 April 2013
1795:
1065:, a traditionalist who defended the theology of
2646:Trueman, Carl R; Clark, R. Scott, eds. (1999).
2266:
2157:"Edward Feser: The Thomistic tradition, Part I"
1876:
1874:
1508:
1506:
959:. This remains, however, a minority viewpoint.
2486:The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
2131:"The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey"
1485:The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
754:derived, became centers of medieval learning.
440:. Christian scholasticism emerged within the
11578:
11564:
9468:
8845:
7990:
7186:
5104:
3829:
2819:
2798:ALCUIN – Regensburger Infothek der Scholastik
2593:"Medieval Intellectual Life and Christianity"
2470:Gracia, J. G. and Noone, T. B., eds., (2003)
2242:Peterson, Craig; Pugh, Matthew, eds. (2006).
583:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
402:
3597:
2472:A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages
2343:
2341:
2241:
2098:
1871:
1503:
1566:(New York: Fordham University Press, 1970).
1564:The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
1489:The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
1283:
1138:
902:
894:
876:
619:
11571:
11557:
9475:
9461:
8852:
8838:
8714:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
8004:
7997:
7983:
7193:
7179:
7033:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
5111:
5097:
4855:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4805:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3836:
3822:
2826:
2812:
2399:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2244:Analytical Thomism: traditions in dialogue
1791:. Cambridge University Press. p. 438.
1379:became a method of inquiry apart from the
1371:) that might have occurred to them during
1196:
909:were miscredited to earlier scholars like
432:of philosophical analysis predicated upon
409:
395:
50:14th-century image of a university lecture
2725:Learn how and when to remove this message
2405:Inleiding in de Gereformeerde Scholastiek
2338:
2311:
2278:
2128:
2007:
1837:
1835:
1514:The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity.
1346:
1160:
1149:
8859:
2778:Yahoo! directory category: Scholasticism
2744:Medieval Philosophy Electronic Resources
2496:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2491:
2488:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2210:
2059:Routledge, 2002, 93–93, 147–149, 164–169
2030:
1989:
1942:"Peter Lombard, Master of the Sentences"
1913:A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps
1865:
1383:and independent of authoritative texts.
1116:
45:
7200:
2425:
2301:– via Taylor & Francis Group.
2188:Encyclopedia./ Accessed 17 August 2013
1901:
1889:
1735:
1387:were arranged to resolve controversial
1241:(1911–1995), Carlo Giacon (1900–1984),
14:
12780:
5492:
2546:Hyman, J.; Walsh, J. J., eds. (1973).
2409:Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism
1832:
1781:
1656:
1650:
1213:Thomistic scholasticism or scholastic
826:Latin translations of the 12th century
804:This period saw the beginning of the "
691:
680:, meaning "science of discourse", and
11552:
11214:
9956:
9494:
9456:
8833:
7978:
7174:
5092:
3817:
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2807:
2569:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2510:
2110:from the original on 29 November 2010
1939:
1841:
1529:Cambridge University Press, 2004, 159
1441:History of science in the Middle Ages
1252:(1925–2012), Leo Elders (1926– ) and
1127:
962:
428:school of philosophy that employed a
12793:Philosophical schools and traditions
3375:On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias
2669:
2631:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2565:Schoedinger, Andrew B., ed. (1996).
2550:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.
2351:Yale University Press, 1999, 265–273
1647:Cambridge University Press, 2004, 56
1303:
1178:
925:(the middle subject of the medieval
836:in Constantinople. Scholars such as
9437:
8882:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
5118:
4709:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2833:
2650:. Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Press.
1958:Introduction to Scholastic Theology
1954:
1813:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
917:systematized the production of the
24:
8974:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
4264:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
3736:Transmission of the Greek Classics
2534:
2092:
1788:A History of Classical Scholarship
1772:Yale University Press, 1999, 66–67
1645:God and Reason in the Middle Ages.
1560:The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas
1527:God and Reason in the Middle Ages.
1057:. The Franciscans were founded by
73:
25:
12844:
12762:Western European and Others Group
9404:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3410:The Situations and Names of Winds
2665:
2465:The Early Palaeologan Renaissance
1296:, Peter King, Thomas Williams or
539:("the father of scholasticism"),
531:. The Scholastics, also known as
11532:
11531:
11518:
9436:
9427:
9426:
9416:
7957:
7945:
7839:Stratification of emotional life
7288:
7282:
7276:
7155:
7154:
7143:
7111:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
6659:Criticism of the Catholic Church
5071:
5059:
4390:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4345:Second Council of Constantinople
3796:
3786:
3785:
2765:Joseph Rickaby, (1908), 121 pp.
2674:
2515:. photography by Achim Bednorz.
2452:, Leiden/Boston, Brill/Nijhoff,
1990:Novikoff, Alex J. (April 2012).
1013:
999:
985:
971:
714:
700:
452:. Endeavoring to harmonize his
376:
364:
12808:Christianity in the Middle Ages
12798:Christian theological movements
8902:Christianity in the Middle Ages
8897:Decline of Hellenistic religion
5278:First seven ecumenical councils
4360:Third Council of Constantinople
4284:First Council of Constantinople
3316:On Length and Shortness of Life
2567:Readings in Medieval Philosophy
2305:
2260:
2246:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
2235:
2203:
2191:
2175:
2149:
2122:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2049:
2036:
1983:
1948:
1933:
1895:
1775:
1760:
1744:
1675:
1550:, and through the influence of
1461:Renaissance of the 12th century
1375:. Eventually the discussion of
581:in Rome, the forerunner of the
535:, included as its main figures
12803:Catholicism in the Middle Ages
9482:
9180:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
8654:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
5853:Separation of church and state
4599:Dissolution of the monasteries
3865:History of the Catholic Church
2906:Correspondence theory of truth
2393:
1996:The American Historical Review
1637:
1589:
1569:
1532:
1519:
1494:
1477:
1367:students could ask questions (
13:
1:
11215:
9354:Disability in the Middle Ages
9027:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
8959:Rise of the Venetian Republic
8535:Principle of compositionality
4473:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4448:Second Council of the Lateran
4057:Apostles in the New Testament
3252:Constitution of the Athenians
2739:Scholasticon by Jacob Schmutz
2591:Gallatin, Harlie Kay (2001).
2548:Philosophy in the Middle Ages
1471:
1248:(1950–1990), Abelardo Lobato
642:), an adjective derived from
27:Medieval school of philosophy
11004:Ordinary language philosophy
9495:
8684:Philosophical Investigations
4587:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4453:Third Council of the Lateran
4443:First Council of the Lateran
3899:Catholic ecumenical councils
3154:On Generation and Corruption
2774:in The Catholic Encyclopedia
2484:McGrade, A. S., ed., (2003)
2057:Fifty key medieval thinkers.
1031:recovery of Greek philosophy
810:Toledo School of Translators
651:
637:
625:, the Latinized form of the
608:
450:collected works of Aristotle
7:
11054:Contemporary utilitarianism
10969:Internalism and externalism
8525:Modality (natural language)
7431:Theological intellectualism
2492:Lindberg, David C. (1978).
2312:Cornelius, O'Boyle (1998).
2211:Rizzello, Raffaele (1999).
2044:A companion to Bonaventure.
1694:Online Etymology Dictionary
1603:University of Chicago Press
1431:Allegory in the Middle Ages
1417:
1171:Following the Reformation,
828:also included figures like
775:Greek theological tradition
444:that translated scholastic
156:Libri Quattuor Sententiarum
10:
12849:
10318:Svatantrika and Prasangika
9957:
9155:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8664:Language, Truth, and Logic
8404:Theological noncognitivism
8289:Contrast theory of meaning
8284:Causal theory of reference
8015:Index of language articles
7809:Principle of double effect
7150:Catholic Church portal
3933:History of the Roman Curia
3395:On Marvellous Things Heard
3014:Potentiality and actuality
2604:Maurer, Armand A. (1982).
2494:Science in the Middle Ages
1709:
1701:
1616:10.1086/mp.1950.47.issue-4
1396:disputationes de quodlibet
1182:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1120:
822:Judeo-Islamic philosophies
667:
644:
630:
446:Judeo-Islamic philosophies
36:
29:
12532:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
12512:
12430:
12267:
12102:
11973:Standard Average European
11841:
11670:
11590:
11512:
11464:
11364:
11326:
11273:
11240:
11231:
11227:
11210:
11160:
11072:
10910:
10901:
10834:
10617:
10608:
10586:
10541:
10483:
10435:
10389:
10380:
10343:
10214:
10079:
10026:
10017:
9967:
9963:
9952:
9891:
9863:
9820:
9772:
9729:
9682:
9654:
9606:
9578:
9540:Philosophy of mathematics
9530:Philosophy of information
9505:
9501:
9490:
9412:
9341:
9200:
9095:
9082:Mongol invasion of Europe
8987:
8867:
8804:
8749:Philosophy of information
8736:
8585:
8437:
8349:Mediated reference theory
8274:
8021:
8012:
7940:
7879:
7676:
7453:
7423:
7385:
7342:
7304:
7297:
7274:
7208:
7138:
7076:Aid to the Church in Need
7066:
6923:
6736:
6697:Vatican Television Center
6672:
6582:
6472:
6342:Eastern Catholic Churches
6323:
6212:
6105:
6052:
5977:
5948:
5873:
5798:
5733:
5678:
5597:
5467:
5381:
5313:
5258:
5177:
5154:
5126:
5054:
4954:
4820:
4747:
4682:
4669:European wars of religion
4566:
4501:
4403:
4325:
4216:
4139:
3999:
3988:
3980:Eastern Catholic Churches
3855:
3781:
3758:Commentaries on Aristotle
3728:
3442:
3345:
3329:
3281:
3260:
3226:
3210:
3172:
3134:
3091:
3082:
2867:
2841:
2217:Vita quaerens intellectum
2129:Weisheipl, James (1962).
2055:Evans, Gillian Rosemary.
1582:Dictionary.com Unabridged
937:produced a collection of
913:and widely disseminated.
881:, treating the obviously
448:, and "rediscovered" the
12672:Lancaster House Treaties
12162:Christian existentialism
12122:Ancient Roman philosophy
12112:Ancient Greek philosophy
8674:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
7018:Communion and Liberation
6482:Eastern Catholic liturgy
5647:Mystici Corporis Christi
5575:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
4800:Mary of the Divine Heart
4423:Clash against the empire
4375:Second Council of Nicaea
4269:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2161:edwardfeser.blogspot.com
1657:Gilson, Etienne (1991).
1456:Pardes (Jewish exegesis)
1284:Analytical Scholasticism
1145:Protestant Scholasticism
1139:Protestant Scholasticism
1094:new Aristotelian sources
871:and a range of works by
767:Johannes Scotus Eriugena
339:Protestant scholasticism
37:Not to be confused with
12450:Equality before the law
11657:Romano-Germanic culture
11009:Postanalytic philosophy
10950:Experimental philosophy
9037:Investiture Controversy
9007:Second Bulgarian Empire
8475:Use–mention distinction
8319:Direct reference theory
7436:Theological voluntarism
5833:Philosophy of canon law
5763:Mariology of the saints
5343:Investiture Controversy
5066:Vatican City portal
4418:Investiture Controversy
4274:First Council of Nicaea
3126:Sophistical Refutations
2754:Encyclopædia Britannica
2627:Rexroth, Frank (2023).
2280:10.4324/9781003125860-3
2273:. New York: Routledge.
1808:"John Scottus Eriugena"
1725:A Greek–English Lexicon
1205:emphasizes, within the
1197:Thomistic Scholasticism
830:Constantine the African
732:Carolingian Renaissance
567:. Aquinas's masterwork
507:to extend knowledge by
430:critical organic method
351:Protoscholastic writing
275:("Doctor Scholasticus")
227:("Doctor Invincibilis")
12612:Eastern European Group
12201:Continental philosophy
12132:Judeo-Christian ethics
12117:Hellenistic philosophy
11598:Cradle of civilization
11142:Social constructionism
10154:Hellenistic philosophy
9570:Theoretical philosophy
9545:Philosophy of religion
9535:Philosophy of language
9394:Post-classical history
9150:Fall of Constantinople
9057:Capet–Plantagenet feud
8924:First Bulgarian Empire
8409:Theory of descriptions
8344:Linguistic determinism
8006:Philosophy of language
7952:Catholicism portal
7086:Catholic Charities USA
6720:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
6708:Vatican Polyglot Press
5758:Mariology of the popes
5396:Protestant Reformation
5078:Catholicism portal
4889:Second Vatican Council
4775:Our Lady of La Salette
4582:Protestant Reformation
4569:Protestant Reformation
4488:Second Council of Lyon
3877:Ecclesiastical history
3311:On Divination in Sleep
2997:Horror vacui (physics)
2087:Douglass, Jane Dempsey
1944:. Ligonier Ministries.
1347:Scholastic instruction
1278:Second Vatican Council
1167:Reformed scholasticism
1161:Reformed Scholasticism
1156:Lutheran scholasticism
1150:Lutheran Scholasticism
1069:and the philosophy of
957:Patristic Christianity
903:
895:
877:
853:At the same time, the
620:
597:, and for instance by
383:Catholicism portal
251:("Doctor Universalis")
78:
51:
18:Scholastic philosopher
12823:Christian terminology
12732:Three Seas Initiative
12707:Pacific Islands Forum
12572:British–Irish Council
12320:Greek Orthodox Church
11779:Industrial Revolution
11749:Scientific Revolution
11525:Philosophy portal
11044:Scientific skepticism
11024:Reformed epistemology
9550:Philosophy of science
8520:Mental representation
8455:Linguistic relativity
8339:Inquisitive semantics
7964:Philosophy portal
7779:Infused righteousness
6840:Good Shepherd Sisters
6682:Holy See Press Office
5920:Doctors of the Church
5753:Immaculate Conception
5708:Anointing of the Sick
5243:History of the papacy
4785:First Vatican Council
4483:First Council of Lyon
4247:Constantine the Great
3943:Christian monasticism
3803:Philosophy portal
3425:Rhetoric to Alexander
2767:(also at googlebooks)
2474:. London: Blackwell,
2401:van Asselt, Willem J.
2213:"Il Progetto Tommaso"
2009:10.1086/ahr.117.2.331
1716:Liddell, Henry George
1538:Particularly through
1117:Spanish Scholasticism
505:dialectical reasoning
470:medieval universities
456:and its account of a
371:Philosophy portal
345:Problem of universals
263:("Doctor Seraphicus")
77:
49:
12828:Western Christianity
12727:Special Relationship
12137:Christian philosophy
12082:Western Christianity
11744:Age of Enlightenment
11618:Hellenistic Kingdoms
10945:Critical rationalism
10652:Edo neo-Confucianism
10496:Acintya bheda abheda
10475:Renaissance humanism
10186:School of the Sextii
9560:Practical philosophy
9555:Political philosophy
9374:Medieval reenactment
9170:Renaissance Humanism
9077:Medieval Warm Period
9047:Republic of Florence
8861:European Middle Ages
8704:Naming and Necessity
8614:De Arte Combinatoria
8413:Definite description
8374:Semantic externalism
7912:Doctor of the Church
7794:Ontological argument
6713:L'Osservatore Romano
6651:Role in civilisation
6377:Croatian and Serbian
6125:Episcopal conference
6087:St. Peter's Basilica
5445:Sexual abuse scandal
5401:Catholic Reformation
4962:Sexual abuse scandal
4871:Mit brennender Sorge
4714:Age of Enlightenment
4493:Bernard of Clairvaux
4370:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4309:Council of Chalcedon
4089:Council of Jerusalem
3958:Role in civilization
3938:Religious institutes
3870:By country or region
3514:Andronicus of Rhodes
3415:On Virtues and Vices
3370:On Indivisible Lines
3291:Sense and Sensibilia
3261:Rhetoric and poetics
3074:Mathematical realism
2695:improve this article
2511:Toman, Rolf (2007).
2223:on 28 September 2013
2182:Vanni Rovighi, Sofia
2137:on 27 September 2013
1854:Anselm of Canterbury
1254:Giovanni Ventimiglia
1134:Second scholasticism
897:De Philosophia Mundi
891:1141 Council of Sens
887:Bernard of Clairvaux
708:Anselm of Canterbury
537:Anselm of Canterbury
267:Anselm of Canterbury
215:("Doctor Angelicus")
195:John Scotus Eriugena
12752:West Nordic Council
12617:Eastern Partnership
12206:Analytic philosophy
11907:Classical tradition
11729:Early modern period
11685:Classical antiquity
11680:European Bronze Age
10516:Nimbarka Sampradaya
10427:Korean Confucianism
10174:Academic Skepticism
9087:Kingdom of Portugal
8954:Old Church Slavonic
8939:Anglo-Saxon England
8754:Philosophical logic
8744:Analytic philosophy
8550:Sense and reference
8429:Verification theory
8384:Situation semantics
7739:Divine illumination
7395:Augustinian realism
7263:Theological virtues
7202:Catholic philosophy
7048:Neocatechumenal Way
7013:Charismatic Renewal
6727:Annuario Pontificio
6325:Particular churches
6001:Ecumenical councils
5773:Perpetual virginity
5608:Communitas perfecta
5552:Sermon on the Mount
4790:Papal infallibility
4780:Our Lady of Lourdes
4729:Shimabara Rebellion
4573:Counter-Reformation
3484:Strato of Lampsacus
3116:Posterior Analytics
2868:Ideas and interests
2707:footnote references
2608:Medieval Philosophy
2599:on 1 February 2009.
2446:Decock, W. (2013),
2102:(15 October 2009).
1955:Leinsle, Ulrich G.
1940:Hoffecker, Andrew.
1908:Medieval Philosophy
1818:Stanford University
1446:Medieval philosophy
1290:analytic philosophy
1201:As J. A. Weisheipl
1123:School of Salamanca
1035:William of Moerbeke
861:'s commentaries on
859:Bernard of Chartres
771:Cappadocian Fathers
692:Early Scholasticism
575:studium provinciale
269:("Doctor Marianus")
239:("The Commentator")
221:("Doctor Subtilis")
12211:Post-structuralism
12174:Christian humanism
11804:Universal suffrage
11137:Post-structuralism
11039:Scientific realism
10994:Quinean naturalism
10974:Logical positivism
10930:Analytical Marxism
10149:Peripatetic school
10061:Chinese naturalism
9588:Aesthetic response
9515:Applied philosophy
9268:In popular culture
9233:Crusading movement
9105:Hundred Years' War
8964:Civitas Schinesghe
8949:Carolingian Empire
8934:Kingdom of Croatia
8887:Barbarian kingdoms
8604:Port-Royal Grammar
8500:Family resemblance
8419:Theory of language
8394:Supposition theory
7907:Islamic philosophy
7861:Trademark argument
7754:Formal distinction
7704:Augustinian values
7377:Analytical Thomism
7357:Christian humanism
6885:Premonstratensians
5268:Ante-Nicene period
5146:Lists of Catholics
4835:Our Lady of Fátima
4624:Ignatius of Loyola
4548:Catherine of Siena
4516:Pope Boniface VIII
4335:Benedict of Nursia
4304:Council of Ephesus
4141:Ante-Nicene period
4094:Split with Judaism
3928:Crusading movement
3528:Islamic Golden Age
3451:Peripatetic school
3237:Nicomachean Ethics
2932:Future contingents
2517:Tandem Verlag GmbH
2347:Colish, Marcia L.
1783:Sandys, John Edwin
1598:"Modern Philology"
1128:Late Scholasticism
963:High Scholasticism
873:William of Conches
855:School of Chartres
591:Robert Grosseteste
545:Alexander of Hales
319:Islamic philosophy
233:("Doctor Eximius")
175:Augustine of Hippo
79:
52:
12775:
12774:
12602:Council of Europe
12504:International law
12457:Constitutionalism
12315:Eastern Orthodoxy
11821:Post–Cold War era
11754:Age of Revolution
11608:Greco-Roman world
11546:
11545:
11508:
11507:
11504:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11206:
11205:
11202:
11201:
11198:
11197:
10925:Analytic feminism
10897:
10896:
10859:Kierkegaardianism
10821:Transcendentalism
10781:Neo-scholasticism
10627:Classical Realism
10604:
10603:
10376:
10375:
10191:Neopythagoreanism
9948:
9947:
9944:
9943:
9565:Social philosophy
9450:
9449:
9359:Basic topics list
9160:Swiss mercenaries
9110:Wars of the Roses
9017:Kingdom of Poland
9002:Holy Roman Empire
8869:Early Middle Ages
8827:
8826:
8329:Dynamic semantics
7972:
7971:
7887:Catholic theology
7834:Seven deadly sins
7804:Peripatetic axiom
7714:Cartesian dualism
7449:
7448:
7415:Scotistic realism
7372:Neo-scholasticism
7168:
7167:
6578:
6577:
5971:
5794:
5793:
5486:
5463:
5462:
5455:COVID-19 pandemic
5425:French Revolution
5415:Thirty Years' War
5323:Islamic conquests
5236:Apostolic fathers
5171:
5086:
5085:
5046:COVID-19 pandemic
5024:Pope Benedict XVI
4929:Pope John Paul II
4704:Pope Benedict XIV
4690:French Revolution
4674:Thirty Years' War
4664:Robert Bellarmine
4649:John of the Cross
4553:Pope Alexander VI
4538:Council of Vienne
4468:Francis of Assisi
4458:Pope Innocent III
4327:Early Middle Ages
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4259:Arian controversy
4212:
4211:
4160:Apostolic Fathers
3811:
3810:
3763:Metabasis paradox
3724:
3723:
3664:
3663:
3651:Pietro Pomponazzi
3593:
3592:
3573:
3572:
3522:
3521:
3474:Eudemus of Rhodes
3464:Clearchus of Soli
3438:
3437:
3106:On Interpretation
3049:Temporal finitism
2937:Genus–differentia
2894:Category of being
2735:
2734:
2727:
2638:978-1-5128-2471-1
2619:978-0-88844-704-3
2576:978-0-19-509293-6
2557:978-0-915144-05-1
2526:978-3-8331-4676-3
2503:978-0-226-48232-3
2458:978-90-04-23284-6
2418:978-1-60178-121-5
2387:, pp. 61–62.
2316:. Leiden: Brill.
2163:. 15 October 2009
2033:, pp. 70–72.
1926:978-0-19-884240-8
1868:, pp. 60–61.
1820:. 17 October 2004
1767:Colish, Marcia L.
1668:978-0-268-01740-8
1304:Scholastic method
1185:Neo-scholasticism
1179:Neo-Scholasticism
1100:and (especially)
1083:William of Ockham
1059:Francis of Assisi
1021:William of Ockham
929:) in the work of
736:Early Middle Ages
682:Jewish philosophy
557:William of Ockham
419:
418:
334:Neo-scholasticism
314:Catholic theology
225:William of Ockham
16:(Redirected from
12840:
12647:EU Customs Union
12179:Secular humanism
12127:Christian ethics
12077:East–West Schism
12060:Physical culture
11784:Great Divergence
11734:Age of Discovery
11573:
11566:
11559:
11550:
11549:
11535:
11534:
11523:
11522:
11521:
11238:
11237:
11229:
11228:
11212:
11211:
11102:Frankfurt School
11049:Transactionalism
10999:Normative ethics
10979:Legal positivism
10955:Falsificationism
10940:Consequentialism
10935:Communitarianism
10908:
10907:
10776:New Confucianism
10615:
10614:
10422:Neo-Confucianism
10387:
10386:
10196:Second Sophistic
10181:Middle Platonism
10024:
10023:
9965:
9964:
9954:
9953:
9797:Epiphenomenalism
9664:Consequentialism
9598:Institutionalism
9503:
9502:
9492:
9491:
9477:
9470:
9463:
9454:
9453:
9440:
9439:
9430:
9429:
9420:
9379:Medieval studies
9223:Church and State
9097:Late Middle Ages
8989:High Middle Ages
8907:Christianization
8877:Migration Period
8854:
8847:
8840:
8831:
8830:
8789:Formal semantics
8737:Related articles
8729:
8719:
8709:
8699:
8689:
8679:
8669:
8659:
8649:
8639:
8629:
8619:
8609:
8599:
8369:Relevance theory
8364:Phallogocentrism
7999:
7992:
7985:
7976:
7975:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7950:
7949:
7774:Homo unius libri
7719:Cogito, ergo sum
7709:Cardinal virtues
7410:Moderate realism
7302:
7301:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7279:
7218:Cardinal virtues
7195:
7188:
7181:
7172:
7171:
7158:
7157:
7148:
7147:
6890:Redemptoristines
6738:Religious orders
6664:Anti-Catholicism
6614:Church buildings
6474:Catholic liturgy
6214:Consecrated life
6072:Apostolic Palace
6039:Synod of Bishops
5975:
5974:
5951:
5557:Ten Commandments
5490:
5489:
5472:
5373:Age of Discovery
5207:Great Commission
5175:
5174:
5159:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5076:
5075:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5041:Patriarch Kirill
4914:Pope John Paul I
4719:Anti-clericalism
4699:Pope Innocent XI
4619:Society of Jesus
4604:Council of Trent
4558:Age of Discovery
4503:Late Middle Ages
4405:High Middle Ages
4395:East–West Schism
4279:Pope Sylvester I
4225:
4224:
4214:
4213:
4124:General epistles
4119:Pauline epistles
4052:John the Baptist
4035:Great Commission
3997:
3996:
3948:Catholic culture
3838:
3831:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3788:
3666:
3665:
3646:Jacopo Zabarella
3595:
3594:
3575:
3574:
3524:
3523:
3504:Diodorus of Tyre
3447:
3446:
3089:
3088:
3019:Substance theory
2980:Moderate realism
2974:Minima naturalia
2875:Active intellect
2828:
2821:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2796:
2730:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2710:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2661:
2642:
2623:
2611:
2600:
2595:. Archived from
2580:
2561:
2530:
2507:
2443:
2422:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2282:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2133:. Archived from
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2046:Brill, 2014, 122
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2011:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1804:
1793:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1573:
1567:
1540:Pseudo-Dionysius
1536:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1481:
1311:modus inveniendi
1266:Jacques Maritain
1236:
1017:
1016:
1003:
1002:
989:
988:
975:
974:
908:
900:
880:
759:monastic schools
718:
717:
704:
703:
654:
647:
646:
640:
633:
632:
623:
599:Francisco Suárez
593:and his student
570:Summa Theologica
442:monastic schools
411:
404:
397:
381:
380:
369:
368:
367:
309:Franciscan Order
231:Francisco Suárez
135:Summa Grammatica
121:Summa Theologica
54:
53:
21:
12848:
12847:
12843:
12842:
12841:
12839:
12838:
12837:
12833:Western culture
12778:
12777:
12776:
12771:
12737:UKUSA Agreement
12677:Lublin Triangle
12562:Baltic Assembly
12514:
12508:
12426:
12263:
12098:
11968:Eurolinguistics
11837:
11826:Information age
11799:Interwar period
11666:
11586:
11577:
11547:
11542:
11519:
11517:
11496:
11460:
11360:
11322:
11269:
11223:
11222:
11194:
11183:Russian cosmism
11156:
11152:Western Marxism
11117:New Historicism
11082:Critical theory
11068:
11064:Wittgensteinian
10960:Foundationalism
10893:
10830:
10811:Social contract
10667:Foundationalism
10600:
10582:
10566:Illuminationism
10551:Aristotelianism
10537:
10526:Vishishtadvaita
10479:
10431:
10372:
10339:
10210:
10139:Megarian school
10134:Eretrian school
10075:
10036:Agriculturalism
10013:
9959:
9940:
9887:
9859:
9816:
9768:
9725:
9709:Incompatibilism
9678:
9650:
9602:
9574:
9497:
9486:
9481:
9451:
9446:
9408:
9389:Neo-medievalism
9337:
9273:Itinerant court
9196:
9091:
9012:Georgian Empire
8997:Norman Conquest
8983:
8929:Frankish Empire
8863:
8858:
8828:
8823:
8800:
8779:School of Names
8732:
8727:
8717:
8707:
8697:
8694:Of Grammatology
8687:
8677:
8667:
8657:
8647:
8637:
8627:
8617:
8607:
8597:
8581:
8433:
8379:Semantic holism
8359:Non-cognitivism
8299:Conventionalism
8270:
8017:
8008:
8003:
7973:
7968:
7958:
7956:
7944:
7936:
7897:Aristotelianism
7875:
7724:Dehellenization
7672:
7445:
7441:Foundationalism
7419:
7381:
7338:
7293:
7289:
7287:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7272:
7258:Social teaching
7204:
7199:
7169:
7164:
7142:
7134:
7113:
7096:Relief Services
7062:
7008:Catholic Action
6998:Military orders
6935:Confraternities
6927:of the faithful
6926:
6919:
6741:
6732:
6668:
6574:
6468:
6327:
6319:
6252:Prior, Prioress
6208:
6101:
6097:Vatican Museums
6048:
5981:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5950:
5944:
5869:
5823:Social teaching
5790:
5729:
5674:
5629:One true church
5593:
5570:Sixtine Vulgate
5566:Official Bible
5480:
5476:
5471:
5459:
5377:
5309:
5254:
5224:Petrine primacy
5167:
5163:
5158:
5150:
5122:
5120:Catholic Church
5117:
5087:
5082:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5050:
4972:World Youth Day
4950:
4939:World Youth Day
4883:Pacem in terris
4877:Pope John XXIII
4816:
4743:
4734:Edict of Nantes
4692:
4688:
4678:
4644:Teresa of Ávila
4639:Tridentine Mass
4575:
4571:
4562:
4543:Knights Templar
4497:
4399:
4355:Gregorian chant
4313:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4220:
4208:
4135:
4004:
3992:
3984:
3851:
3849:Catholic Church
3842:
3812:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3777:
3720:
3660:
3656:Cesar Cremonini
3612:Albertus Magnus
3589:
3569:
3518:
3434:
3390:Physiognomonics
3385:On Things Heard
3380:On the Universe
3341:
3325:
3283:Parva Naturalia
3277:
3256:
3242:Eudemian Ethics
3222:
3206:
3168:
3130:
3111:Prior Analytics
3078:
3002:Rational animal
2863:
2837:
2835:Aristotelianism
2832:
2794:
2791:by James Hannam
2749:"Scholasticism"
2731:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2692:
2683:This article's
2679:
2675:
2668:
2658:
2645:
2639:
2626:
2620:
2603:
2590:
2577:
2564:
2558:
2545:
2537:
2535:Further reading
2527:
2504:
2419:
2396:
2391:
2385:van Asselt 2011
2383:
2379:
2373:van Asselt 2011
2371:
2367:
2361:van Asselt 2011
2359:
2355:
2346:
2339:
2324:
2310:
2306:
2291:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
1988:
1984:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1844:, p. 10: "
1840:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1805:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1761:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1730:Perseus Project
1687:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1655:
1651:
1643:Grant, Edward.
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1594:
1590:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1537:
1533:
1525:Grant, Edward.
1524:
1520:
1512:Patte, Daniel.
1511:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1420:
1349:
1306:
1286:
1230:
1228:Battista Mondin
1207:Dominican Order
1199:
1187:
1181:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1098:Albertus Magnus
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:
990:
986:
982:
981:
979:Albertus Magnus
976:
972:
965:
947:More recently,
838:Adelard of Bath
834:James of Venice
728:
727:
726:
725:
724:
719:
715:
711:
710:
705:
701:
694:
670:
611:
549:Albertus Magnus
511:and to resolve
434:Aristotelianism
415:
375:
365:
363:
356:
355:
304:Dominican Order
299:Aristotelianism
287:
279:
278:
249:Albertus Magnus
245:("Rabbi Moses")
208:
200:
199:
170:
162:
161:
115:
107:
106:
87:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12846:
12836:
12835:
12830:
12825:
12820:
12818:Trinitarianism
12815:
12813:Thomas Aquinas
12810:
12805:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12773:
12772:
12770:
12769:
12767:Westernization
12764:
12759:
12754:
12749:
12747:Visegrád Group
12744:
12739:
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12714:
12709:
12704:
12699:
12694:
12689:
12687:Nordic Council
12684:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12664:
12659:
12654:
12649:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12582:Bucharest Nine
12579:
12574:
12569:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12547:Arctic Council
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12518:
12516:
12510:
12509:
12507:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12495:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
12469:
12459:
12454:
12453:
12452:
12442:
12436:
12434:
12428:
12427:
12425:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12413:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12391:
12390:
12385:
12380:
12375:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12345:
12344:
12343:
12342:
12341:
12331:
12330:
12329:
12324:
12323:
12322:
12312:
12311:
12310:
12300:
12299:
12298:
12273:
12271:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12261:
12260:
12259:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12238:
12237:
12225:
12224:
12223:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12182:
12181:
12176:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12157:Existentialism
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12108:
12106:
12100:
12099:
12097:
12096:
12095:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12069:
12068:
12067:
12057:
12056:
12055:
12050:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12028:
12023:
12022:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12001:
12000:
11999:
11989:
11988:
11987:
11977:
11976:
11975:
11970:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11944:
11943:
11933:
11928:
11927:
11926:
11916:
11915:
11914:
11904:
11903:
11902:
11892:
11887:
11886:
11885:
11875:
11870:
11869:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11847:
11845:
11839:
11838:
11836:
11835:
11834:
11833:
11828:
11818:
11817:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11721:
11716:
11715:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11694:
11693:
11692:
11690:Late antiquity
11682:
11676:
11674:
11668:
11667:
11665:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11643:
11642:
11641:
11640:
11635:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11605:
11600:
11594:
11592:
11588:
11587:
11576:
11575:
11568:
11561:
11553:
11544:
11543:
11541:
11540:
11528:
11513:
11510:
11509:
11506:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11468:
11466:
11462:
11461:
11459:
11458:
11453:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11392:
11391:
11381:
11376:
11370:
11368:
11362:
11361:
11359:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11332:
11330:
11328:Middle Eastern
11324:
11323:
11321:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11279:
11277:
11271:
11270:
11268:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11246:
11244:
11235:
11225:
11224:
11221:
11220:
11216:
11208:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11200:
11199:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11192:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11170:
11164:
11162:
11158:
11157:
11155:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11092:Existentialism
11089:
11087:Deconstruction
11084:
11078:
11076:
11070:
11069:
11067:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10920:Applied ethics
10916:
10914:
10905:
10899:
10898:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10884:Nietzscheanism
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10855:
10854:
10844:
10838:
10836:
10832:
10831:
10829:
10828:
10826:Utilitarianism
10823:
10818:
10813:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10727:
10726:
10724:Transcendental
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10662:Existentialism
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10618:
10612:
10606:
10605:
10602:
10601:
10599:
10598:
10592:
10590:
10584:
10583:
10581:
10580:
10575:
10568:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10547:
10545:
10539:
10538:
10536:
10535:
10530:
10529:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10487:
10485:
10481:
10480:
10478:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10450:Augustinianism
10447:
10441:
10439:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10393:
10391:
10384:
10378:
10377:
10374:
10373:
10371:
10370:
10365:
10363:Zoroastrianism
10360:
10355:
10349:
10347:
10341:
10340:
10338:
10337:
10336:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10285:
10284:
10283:
10278:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10220:
10218:
10212:
10211:
10209:
10208:
10206:Church Fathers
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10120:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10088:
10086:
10077:
10076:
10074:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10032:
10030:
10021:
10015:
10014:
10012:
10011:
10010:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9979:
9973:
9971:
9961:
9960:
9950:
9949:
9946:
9945:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9897:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9886:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9869:
9867:
9861:
9860:
9858:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9826:
9824:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9778:
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9735:
9733:
9727:
9726:
9724:
9723:
9721:Libertarianism
9718:
9717:
9716:
9706:
9705:
9704:
9694:
9688:
9686:
9680:
9679:
9677:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9660:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9612:
9610:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9584:
9582:
9576:
9575:
9573:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9525:Metaphilosophy
9522:
9517:
9511:
9509:
9499:
9498:
9488:
9487:
9480:
9479:
9472:
9465:
9457:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9444:
9434:
9424:
9413:
9410:
9409:
9407:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9384:Misconceptions
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9345:
9343:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9204:
9202:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9194:
9192:Little Ice Age
9189:
9188:
9187:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9145:Western Schism
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9101:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8993:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8899:
8894:
8892:Late antiquity
8889:
8884:
8879:
8873:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8857:
8856:
8849:
8842:
8834:
8825:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8805:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8798:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8740:
8738:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8730:
8720:
8710:
8700:
8690:
8680:
8670:
8660:
8650:
8640:
8630:
8620:
8610:
8600:
8589:
8587:
8583:
8582:
8580:
8579:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8530:Presupposition
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8441:
8439:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8309:Deconstruction
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8280:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8019:
8018:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8002:
8001:
7994:
7987:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7954:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7883:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7799:Pascal's wager
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7759:Guardian angel
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7459:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7391:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7348:
7346:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7314:Augustinianism
7310:
7308:
7299:
7295:
7294:
7275:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7223:Divine command
7220:
7214:
7212:
7206:
7205:
7198:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7175:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7152:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7114:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7043:Legion of Mary
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6972:Lay Carmelites
6969:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6931:
6929:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6820:Conceptionists
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6755:Assumptionists
6751:
6749:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6684:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6588:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6478:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6457:Syro-Malankara
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6407:Italo-Albanian
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6295:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6261:
6256:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6225:
6218:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6116:
6114:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6077:Lateran Treaty
6074:
6069:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6003:
5998:
5989:
5987:
5972:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5838:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5813:Moral theology
5810:
5804:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5577:
5572:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5496:
5494:
5487:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5387:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5328:Pope Gregory I
5325:
5319:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5300:Biblical canon
5297:
5295:Late antiquity
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5231:Church fathers
5228:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5183:
5181:
5172:
5165:Ecclesiastical
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5068:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4879:
4874:
4867:
4862:
4860:Lateran Treaty
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4685:Baroque period
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Peter Canisius
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4629:Francis Xavier
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4593:Exsurge Domine
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4533:Pope Clement V
4530:
4529:
4528:
4526:Avignon Papacy
4521:Western Schism
4518:
4513:
4511:Thomas Aquinas
4507:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Saint Boniface
4362:
4357:
4352:
4350:Pope Gregory I
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4289:Biblical canon
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4243:
4241:
4222:
4218:Late antiquity
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4165:Pope Clement I
4155:Church Fathers
4152:
4146:
4144:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3916:Biblical canon
3911:Catholic Bible
3908:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3793:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3768:Views on women
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3729:Related topics
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:Peter of Spain
3638:
3637:
3636:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3617:Thomas Aquinas
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3494:Aristo of Ceos
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3347:Pseudepigrapha
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3149:On the Heavens
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3016:
3011:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2881:Antiperistasis
2877:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2758:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2732:
2687:external links
2682:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2666:External links
2664:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2643:
2637:
2624:
2618:
2601:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2508:
2502:
2489:
2482:
2468:
2461:
2444:
2434:(5): 356–366.
2423:
2417:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2337:
2322:
2304:
2289:
2259:
2252:
2234:
2202:
2190:
2174:
2148:
2121:
2091:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2048:
2035:
2023:
2002:(2): 331–364.
1982:
1967:
1947:
1932:
1925:
1903:Adamson, Peter
1894:
1892:, p. 356.
1882:
1870:
1858:
1831:
1794:
1774:
1759:
1743:
1734:
1674:
1667:
1649:
1636:
1588:
1585:(Online). n.d.
1568:
1531:
1518:
1502:
1493:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1419:
1416:
1348:
1345:
1305:
1302:
1298:David Oderberg
1285:
1282:
1270:Étienne Gilson
1239:Cornelio Fabro
1198:
1195:
1183:Main article:
1180:
1177:
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1154:Main article:
1151:
1148:
1143:Main article:
1140:
1137:
1132:Main article:
1129:
1126:
1121:Main article:
1118:
1115:
1102:Thomas Aquinas
1019:
1012:
1011:
1005:
998:
997:
993:Thomas Aquinas
991:
984:
983:
977:
970:
969:
968:
967:
966:
964:
961:
915:Anselm of Laon
763:Frankish court
748:Alcuin of York
720:
713:
712:
706:
699:
698:
697:
696:
695:
693:
690:
669:
666:
610:
607:
603:Luis de Molina
565:Thomas Aquinas
513:contradictions
474:modern science
462:Latin Catholic
438:Ten Categories
417:
416:
414:
413:
406:
399:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
373:
358:
357:
354:
353:
348:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
270:
264:
258:
257:("The Master")
252:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
213:Thomas Aquinas
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
190:Alcuin of York
187:
185:Pope Gregory I
182:
177:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
152:
149:Opus Oxoniense
145:
138:
131:
124:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:
70:
69:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12845:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12788:Scholasticism
12786:
12785:
12783:
12768:
12765:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12753:
12750:
12748:
12745:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12718:
12715:
12713:
12712:PROSUR/PROSUL
12710:
12708:
12705:
12703:
12700:
12698:
12695:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12663:
12660:
12658:
12655:
12653:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12623:
12620:
12618:
12615:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12607:Craiova Group
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12522:ABCANZ Armies
12520:
12519:
12517:
12511:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12464:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12451:
12448:
12447:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12437:
12435:
12433:
12429:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12379:
12376:
12374:
12371:
12370:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12350:
12349:
12346:
12340:
12337:
12336:
12335:
12332:
12328:
12327:Protestantism
12325:
12321:
12318:
12317:
12316:
12313:
12309:
12306:
12305:
12304:
12301:
12297:
12293:
12290:
12289:
12288:
12285:
12284:
12283:
12280:
12279:
12278:
12275:
12274:
12272:
12270:
12266:
12258:
12255:
12254:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12247:Sovereigntism
12245:
12243:
12240:
12236:
12235:
12231:
12230:
12229:
12226:
12222:
12219:
12218:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12171:
12170:
12167:
12163:
12160:
12159:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12142:Scholasticism
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12109:
12107:
12105:
12101:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12074:
12073:
12070:
12066:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12058:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12041:
12037:
12034:
12033:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12006:
12005:
12002:
11998:
11995:
11994:
11993:
11990:
11986:
11983:
11982:
11981:
11978:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11965:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11942:
11939:
11938:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11925:
11922:
11921:
11920:
11917:
11913:
11910:
11909:
11908:
11905:
11901:
11898:
11897:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11884:
11881:
11880:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11853:
11852:
11849:
11848:
11846:
11844:
11840:
11832:
11831:War on terror
11829:
11827:
11824:
11823:
11822:
11819:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11726:
11725:
11724:Modern period
11722:
11720:
11717:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11699:
11698:
11695:
11691:
11688:
11687:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11673:
11669:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11630:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11610:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11589:
11585:
11581:
11580:Western world
11574:
11569:
11567:
11562:
11560:
11555:
11554:
11551:
11539:
11538:
11529:
11527:
11526:
11515:
11514:
11511:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11469:
11467:
11465:Miscellaneous
11463:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11390:
11387:
11386:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11371:
11369:
11367:
11363:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11333:
11331:
11329:
11325:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11280:
11278:
11276:
11272:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11247:
11245:
11243:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11230:
11226:
11218:
11217:
11213:
11209:
11191:
11190:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11161:Miscellaneous
11159:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11147:Structuralism
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11132:Postmodernism
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11122:Phenomenology
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11079:
11077:
11075:
11071:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11059:Vienna Circle
11057:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10989:Moral realism
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10917:
10915:
10913:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10900:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10853:
10850:
10849:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10839:
10837:
10833:
10827:
10824:
10822:
10819:
10817:
10814:
10812:
10809:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10791:Phenomenology
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10731:Individualism
10729:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10695:
10692:
10688:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10619:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10607:
10597:
10596:Judeo-Islamic
10594:
10593:
10591:
10589:
10585:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10573:
10572:ʿIlm al-Kalām
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10544:
10540:
10534:
10531:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10521:Shuddhadvaita
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10493:
10492:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10482:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10455:Scholasticism
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10394:
10392:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10379:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10346:
10342:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10290:
10289:
10286:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10273:
10272:
10269:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10226:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10219:
10217:
10213:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10156:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10093:
10090:
10089:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10078:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10016:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9984:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9974:
9972:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9955:
9951:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9906:Conceptualism
9904:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9896:
9894:
9890:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9866:
9862:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9835:Particularism
9833:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9823:
9819:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9802:Functionalism
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9787:Eliminativism
9785:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9771:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9736:
9734:
9732:
9728:
9722:
9719:
9715:
9712:
9711:
9710:
9707:
9703:
9700:
9699:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9692:Compatibilism
9690:
9689:
9687:
9685:
9681:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9657:
9653:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9631:Particularism
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9613:
9611:
9609:
9605:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9585:
9583:
9581:
9577:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9504:
9500:
9493:
9489:
9485:
9478:
9473:
9471:
9466:
9464:
9459:
9458:
9455:
9443:
9435:
9433:
9425:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9411:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9340:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9199:
9193:
9190:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9102:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9052:Scholasticism
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8994:
8992:
8990:
8986:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8914:Rise of Islam
8912:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8870:
8866:
8862:
8855:
8850:
8848:
8843:
8841:
8836:
8835:
8832:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8797:
8794:
8790:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8774:Scholasticism
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8739:
8735:
8726:
8725:
8721:
8716:
8715:
8711:
8706:
8705:
8701:
8696:
8695:
8691:
8686:
8685:
8681:
8676:
8675:
8671:
8666:
8665:
8661:
8656:
8655:
8651:
8645:
8641:
8636:
8635:
8631:
8626:
8625:
8621:
8616:
8615:
8611:
8606:
8605:
8601:
8596:
8595:
8591:
8590:
8588:
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8577:
8573:
8571:
8568:
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8513:
8511:
8508:
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8501:
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8488:
8486:
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8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
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8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8389:Structuralism
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8314:Descriptivism
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8294:Contrastivism
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
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8149:
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8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8011:
8007:
8000:
7995:
7993:
7988:
7986:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7965:
7955:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7942:
7939:
7933:
7932:Phenomenology
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7829:Rota Fortunae
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7789:Occam's razor
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7769:Head of a pin
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7684:Actus Essendi
7682:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
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7554:
7551:
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7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7518:Chateaubriand
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7405:Conceptualism
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7319:Scholasticism
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7303:
7300:
7296:
7269:
7268:Virtue ethics
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7253:Seven virtues
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7196:
7191:
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7177:
7176:
7173:
7161:
7153:
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7146:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7091:Home Missions
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7059:
7056:
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7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
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7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6984:Saint Francis
6982:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6967:Saint Dominic
6965:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
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6928:
6922:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6780:Bethlehemites
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6702:Vatican Radio
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6687:Vatican Media
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
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6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6594:
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6590:
6589:
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6567:
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6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
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6430:
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6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
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6238:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6205:
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6192:
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6143:
6140:
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6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5984:List of popes
5980:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5947:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5797:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5768:Mother of God
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5653:People of God
5651:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5641:Infallibility
5639:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:Body and soul
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5420:Enlightenment
5418:
5416:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5391:Protestantism
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:Scholasticism
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Schism (1378)
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:Schism (1054)
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4919:Mother Teresa
4917:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4845:Pope Pius XII
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4811:Rerum novarum
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Pope Leo XIII
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:United States
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Pope Pius VII
4753:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:Scholasticism
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Pope Urban II
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4238:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4189:Justin Martyr
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4099:New Testament
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Commissioning
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:Apostolic Age
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3892:Papal primacy
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3832:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3773:Wheel paradox
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3681:Trendelenburg
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Peter Lombard
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3599:Scholasticism
3596:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Lyco of Troas
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3430:Magna Moralia
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Virtue ethics
3067:
3065:
3064:Unmoved mover
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:Scholasticism
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2762:Scholasticism
2759:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2718:
2708:
2704:
2703:inappropriate
2700:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2657:0-85364-853-0
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:0-631-21672-3
2477:
2473:
2469:
2467:, Brill 2000.
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2386:
2381:
2375:, p. 60.
2374:
2369:
2363:, p. 59.
2362:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2323:9789004111240
2319:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2290:9781003125860
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2199:
2198:GIACON, Carlo
2194:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2032:
2031:Lindberg 1978
2027:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:0-8132-1925-6
1964:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1866:Lindberg 1978
1862:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1720:Scott, Robert
1717:
1713:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1410:) or denied (
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:Disputationes
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:Anthony Kenny
1291:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1258:actus essendi
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1157:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1008:
994:
980:
960:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
941:
936:
935:Peter Lombard
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
906:
899:
898:
892:
888:
884:
879:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
848:
843:
839:
835:
832:in Italy and
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
795:Peter Abelard
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
752:scholasticism
749:
745:
744:Peter of Pisa
742:, advised by
741:
737:
733:
723:
722:Peter Abelard
709:
689:
687:
684:, especially
683:
679:
675:
665:
663:
659:
655:
653:
641:
639:
628:
624:
622:
616:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Peter Abelard
538:
534:
530:
526:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Scholasticism
412:
407:
405:
400:
398:
393:
392:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
372:
362:
361:
360:
359:
352:
349:
347:
346:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
294:
290:
289:
283:
282:
274:
273:Peter Abelard
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:Peter Lombard
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
157:
153:
151:
150:
146:
144:
143:
142:Summa logicae
139:
137:
136:
132:
130:
129:
128:Cur Deus Homo
125:
123:
122:
118:
117:
111:
110:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
83:
82:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:Scholasticism
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
12757:Western Bloc
12557:AUSCANNZUKUS
12513:Contemporary
12462:Human rights
12308:Latin Church
12282:Christianity
12232:
12191:Conservatism
12141:
12036:contemporary
11873:Architecture
11809:World War II
11769:Emancipation
11764:Abolitionism
11652:Romanization
11647:Roman legacy
11628:Roman Empire
11530:
11516:
11187:
11178:Postcritique
11168:Kyoto School
11127:Posthumanism
11107:Hermeneutics
10962: /
10903:Contemporary
10879:Newtonianism
10842:Cartesianism
10801:Reductionism
10637:Conservatism
10632:Collectivism
10570:
10454:
10298:Sarvāstivadā
10276:Anekantavada
10201:Neoplatonism
10169:Epicureanism
10102:Pythagoreans
10041:Confucianism
10007:Contemporary
9997:Early modern
9901:Anti-realism
9855:Universalism
9812:Subjectivism
9608:Epistemology
9213:Architecture
9185:Great Famine
9175:Universities
9115:Hussite Wars
9051:
9032:Great Schism
8919:Papal States
8773:
8722:
8712:
8702:
8692:
8682:
8672:
8662:
8652:
8632:
8622:
8612:
8602:
8592:
8574:
8515:Metalanguage
8510:Logical form
8465:Truth-bearer
8424:Unilalianism
8334:Expressivism
8161:Wittgenstein
8106:von Humboldt
8023:Philosophers
7902:Neoplatonism
7824:Ressentiment
7819:Quinque viae
7784:Memento mori
7744:Double truth
7689:Actus primus
7455:Philosophers
7362:Cartesianism
7318:
7130:Universities
6962:Third orders
6925:Associations
6915:Visitandines
6910:Trinitarians
6860:Mercedarians
6845:Hieronymites
6790:Camaldoleses
6775:Benedictines
6765:Augustinians
6725:
6718:
6711:
6692:Vatican News
6646:Distinctions
6452:Syro-Malabar
6337:Latin Church
6259:Grand master
6157:Metropolitan
6054:Vatican City
5949:Organisation
5828:Philosophers
5693:Confirmation
5670:In canon law
5664:Subsistit in
5662:
5658:Three states
5645:
5606:
5599:Ecclesiology
5581:Nova Vulgata
5579:
5537:Original sin
5532:Nicene Creed
5522:Divine grace
5481:
5367:
5363:Universities
5333:Papal States
5260:Great Church
5202:Resurrection
5179:Early Church
5033:
5029:Pope Francis
4955:21st century
4904:Pope Paul VI
4881:
4869:
4822:20th century
4809:
4760:Pope Pius IX
4748:19th century
4724:Pope Pius VI
4591:
4463:Latin Empire
4437:
4433:Universities
4385:Pope Leo III
4252:Christianity
4237:state church
4229:Great Church
4030:Resurrection
3993:(30–325/476)
3990:Early Church
3975:Latin Church
3970:Papal States
3965:Vatican City
3753:Neoplatonism
3598:
3479:Theophrastus
3337:Protrepticus
3230:and politics
3041:
3028:
3024:hypokeimenon
3022:
3006:
2989:
2972:
2965:
2953:
2949:Hylomorphism
2941:
2919:
2898:
2886:
2879:
2761:
2752:
2721:
2712:
2697:by removing
2684:
2647:
2628:
2607:
2597:the original
2566:
2547:
2512:
2493:
2485:
2471:
2464:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2408:
2404:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2348:
2313:
2307:
2269:
2262:
2243:
2237:
2227:25 September
2225:. Retrieved
2221:the original
2216:
2205:
2193:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2100:Edward Feser
2094:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2026:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1957:
1950:
1935:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1890:Clagett 1982
1885:
1861:
1822:. Retrieved
1811:
1787:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1746:
1737:
1723:
1692:
1689:"scholastic"
1677:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1607:
1601:
1591:
1580:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1425:Actus primus
1423:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1335:
1332:philological
1317:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1287:
1263:
1257:
1223:
1220:Edward Feser
1212:
1200:
1188:
1170:
1087:
1079:Peter Auriol
1046:Universities
1044:
1039:Edward Grant
1028:
946:
938:
878:integumentum
866:
852:
850:into Latin.
845:
814:Muslim Spain
803:
756:
751:
729:
686:Jewish Kalam
678:Ilm al-Kalām
671:
662:Scholasticus
661:
649:
638:scholastikos
635:
621:scholasticus
618:
612:
586:
579:Santa Sabina
574:
568:
532:
529:Neoplatonism
527:but also of
521:
502:
421:
420:
343:
329:Neoplatonism
291:
207:Philosophers
154:
147:
140:
133:
126:
119:
66:
43:
12697:Open Balkan
12515:integration
12445:Rule of law
12440:Natural law
12417:Agnosticism
12395:Hellenistic
12373:Anglo-Saxon
12303:Catholicism
12242:Atlanticism
12147:Rationalism
11953:Immigration
11936:Esotericism
11794:World War I
11759:Romanticism
11739:Reformation
11719:Renaissance
11697:Middle Ages
11662:Christendom
11591:Foundations
11173:Objectivism
11112:Neo-Marxism
11074:Continental
10984:Meta-ethics
10964:Coherentism
10869:Hegelianism
10806:Rationalism
10766:Natural law
10746:Materialism
10672:Historicism
10642:Determinism
10533:Navya-Nyāya
10308:Sautrāntika
10303:Pudgalavada
10239:Vaisheshika
10092:Presocratic
9992:Renaissance
9931:Physicalism
9916:Materialism
9822:Normativity
9807:Objectivism
9792:Emergentism
9782:Behaviorism
9731:Metaphysics
9697:Determinism
9636:Rationalism
9442:WikiProject
9369:Medievalism
9208:Agriculture
9072:Manorialism
9067:Communalism
9062:Monasticism
8979:Reconquista
8969:Kievan Rus'
8759:Linguistics
8724:Limited Inc
8644:On Denoting
8470:Proposition
8121:de Saussure
8086:Ibn Khaldun
7922:Rationalism
7917:Renaissance
7849:Augustinian
7734:Disputation
7729:Differentia
7694:Actus purus
7598:Malebranche
7513:Bonaventure
7248:Personalism
7243:Natural law
7238:Probabilism
7120:Health care
7106:Pax Christi
7058:Schoenstatt
7023:Sant'Egidio
6855:Legionaries
6835:Franciscans
6810:Cistercians
6805:Carthusians
6760:Annonciades
6619:Altarpieces
6512:West Syriac
6507:East Syriac
6487:Alexandrian
6111:Holy orders
6092:Swiss Guard
6032:Dicasteries
6027:Roman Curia
5925:Evangelists
5883:Holy Family
5818:Personalism
5808:Natural law
5786:Josephology
5720:Holy orders
5358:Inquisition
5315:Middle Ages
5305:Monasticism
5273:Constantine
5197:Crucifixion
5035:Laudato si'
4830:Pope Pius X
4659:Philip Neri
4634:Pope Pius V
4609:Thomas More
4478:Inquisition
4380:Charlemagne
4340:Monasticism
4150:Persecution
4042:Holy Spirit
4025:Crucifixion
3904:First seven
3629:Duns Scotus
3469:Dicaearchus
3459:Aristoxenus
3218:Metaphysics
3211:Metaphysics
3197:Progression
3164:On the Soul
3159:Meteorology
2961:Magnanimity
2927:Four causes
2795:(in German)
2715:August 2024
2463:Fryde, E.,
2394:Works cited
2167:5 September
1710:σχολαστικός
1577:"Schoolmen"
1389:quaestiones
1369:quaestiones
1231: [
1106:Neoplatonic
1075:Duns Scotus
1063:Bonaventure
1051:Franciscans
1007:Duns Scotus
905:Dragmaticon
818:Reconquista
806:rediscovery
740:Charlemagne
631:σχολαστικός
595:Roger Bacon
561:Bonaventure
553:Duns Scotus
517:disputation
466:trinitarian
458:prime mover
454:metaphysics
261:Bonaventure
219:Duns Scotus
114:Major works
12782:Categories
12717:Rio Treaty
12228:Relativism
12186:Liberalism
12152:Empiricism
12104:Philosophy
12092:Secularism
12043:Philosophy
11980:Literature
11774:Capitalism
11472:Amerindian
11379:Australian
11318:Vietnamese
11298:Indonesian
10847:Kantianism
10796:Positivism
10786:Pragmatism
10761:Naturalism
10741:Liberalism
10719:Subjective
10657:Empiricism
10561:Avicennism
10506:Bhedabheda
10390:East Asian
10313:Madhyamaka
10293:Abhidharma
10159:Pyrrhonism
9926:Nominalism
9921:Naturalism
9850:Skepticism
9840:Relativism
9830:Absolutism
9759:Naturalism
9669:Deontology
9641:Skepticism
9626:Naturalism
9616:Empiricism
9580:Aesthetics
9484:Philosophy
9364:Land terms
9318:Technology
9298:Philosophy
9278:Literature
9243:Demography
8944:Viking Age
8819:Discussion
8814:Task Force
8764:Pragmatics
8555:Speech act
8485:Categories
8399:Symbiosism
8354:Nominalism
8266:Watzlawick
8146:Bloomfield
8066:Chrysippus
7927:Empiricism
7749:Evil demon
7523:Chesterton
7400:Nominalism
7387:Universals
7228:Just price
6875:Oratorians
6830:Dominicans
6800:Carmelites
6795:Camillians
6743:institutes
6556:Tridentine
6492:Antiochian
6412:Macedonian
6357:Belarusian
6247:Provincial
6162:Archbishop
6082:Roman Rota
6044:Properties
5969:By country
5965:Precedence
5930:Confessors
5910:Archangels
5900:Patriarchs
5800:Philosophy
5778:Veneration
5743:Assumption
5713:Last rites
5680:Sacraments
5624:Four marks
5435:Vatican II
5383:Modern era
5219:Succession
4908:coronation
4614:Pope Leo X
4199:Tertullian
4129:Revelation
4104:Background
3711:Hursthouse
3585:Maimonides
3551:Avicennism
3202:Generation
3174:On Animals
3101:Categories
2921:Eudaimonia
2253:0754634388
1977:1303318773
1842:Toman 2007
1756:1438109075
1472:References
1451:Nominalism
1377:questiones
1361:meditation
1328:dialectics
1324:sententiae
1226:(2002) by
1173:Calvinists
1090:St Dominic
1055:Dominicans
787:Canterbury
478:philosophy
324:Empiricism
293:Philosophy
243:Maimonides
169:Precursors
39:Scholarism
32:Scholastic
12662:Five Eyes
12657:EU–UK TCA
12499:Democracy
12388:Old Norse
12277:Abrahamic
12234:Peritrope
12216:Tolerance
12196:Socialism
12026:Mythology
12014:Classical
11963:Languages
11941:Astrology
11789:Modernism
11603:Old World
11351:Pakistani
11313:Taiwanese
11260:Ethiopian
11233:By region
11219:By region
11034:Scientism
11029:Systemics
10889:Spinozism
10816:Socialism
10751:Modernism
10714:Objective
10622:Anarchism
10556:Averroism
10445:Christian
10397:Neotaoism
10368:Zurvanism
10358:Mithraism
10353:Mazdakism
10124:Cyrenaics
10051:Logicians
9684:Free will
9646:Solipsism
9593:Formalism
9349:Dark Ages
9258:Household
9253:Hastilude
9022:Feudalism
8796:Semiotics
8784:Semantics
8634:Alciphron
8570:Statement
8505:Intension
8445:Ambiguity
8324:Dramatism
8304:Cratylism
8056:Eubulides
8051:Aristotle
8031:Confucius
7892:Platonism
7866:Univocity
7764:Haecceity
7643:Ratzinger
7608:Montaigne
7588:MacIntyre
7543:Dionysius
7538:Descartes
7498:Augustine
7352:Salamanca
7116:See also:
7068:Charities
6977:Discalced
6905:Trappists
6900:Theatines
6870:Olivetans
6815:Clarisses
6785:Blue nuns
6770:Basilians
6747:societies
6655:See also:
6541:Mozarabic
6531:Ambrosian
6517:Malankara
6502:Byzantine
6462:Ukrainian
6437:Ruthenian
6402:Hungarian
6387:Ethiopian
6362:Bulgarian
6329:sui iuris
6313:Postulant
6222:Religious
6177:Auxiliary
6172:Coadjutor
6142:Patriarch
6010:Cardinals
5957:Canon law
5953:Hierarchy
5935:Disciples
5858:Relations
5846:Evolution
5837:See also:
5782:See also:
5735:Mariology
5725:Matrimony
5698:Eucharist
5619:Ecumenism
5547:Salvation
5483:Catechism
5478:Tradition
5440:Communism
5288:Chalcedon
4924:Communism
4894:Ecumenism
4240:(380–451)
4232:(180–451)
4221:(313–476)
4143:(100–325)
3746:Platonism
3701:MacIntyre
3563:Averroism
3541:Al-Farabi
3499:Critolaus
3443:Followers
3420:Economics
3400:Mechanics
3365:On Plants
3360:On Colors
3355:On Breath
3306:On Dreams
3296:On Memory
3059:Haecceity
3037:Syllogism
3008:Phronesis
2900:Catharsis
2849:Aristotle
2699:excessive
2585:Secondary
2299:244179976
2141:21 August
2114:2 January
2018:163903902
1624:0026-8232
1544:Augustine
1436:Casuistry
1373:meditatio
1357:meditatio
1243:Tomas Tyn
1067:Augustine
940:Sentences
923:dialectic
883:heretical
857:produced
609:Etymology
587:Angelicum
533:Schoolmen
525:Aristotle
509:inference
464:dogmatic
460:with the
12722:Schengen
12652:Eurozone
12492:Property
12487:Religion
12378:Frankish
12368:Germanic
12348:Paganism
12269:Religion
12257:European
12169:Humanism
12072:Religion
12031:Painting
11997:Internet
11948:Folklore
11919:Clothing
11890:Calendar
11866:Cyrillic
11851:Alphabet
11814:Cold War
11537:Category
11492:Yugoslav
11482:Romanian
11389:Scottish
11374:American
11303:Japanese
11283:Buddhist
11265:Africana
11255:Egyptian
11097:Feminist
11019:Rawlsian
11014:Quietism
10912:Analytic
10864:Krausism
10771:Nihilism
10736:Kokugaku
10699:Absolute
10694:Idealism
10682:Humanism
10470:Occamism
10437:European
10382:Medieval
10328:Yogacara
10288:Buddhist
10281:Syādvāda
10164:Stoicism
10129:Cynicism
10117:Sophists
10112:Atomists
10107:Eleatics
10046:Legalism
9987:Medieval
9911:Idealism
9865:Ontology
9845:Nihilism
9749:Idealism
9507:Branches
9496:Branches
9432:Category
9399:Timeline
9288:Minstrel
9283:Medicine
9165:Chivalry
9120:Burgundy
9042:Crusades
8809:Category
8769:Rhetoric
8594:Cratylus
8565:Sentence
8540:Property
8460:Language
8438:Concepts
8276:Theories
8241:Strawson
8226:Davidson
8216:Hintikka
8211:Anscombe
8156:Vygotsky
8111:Mauthner
8081:Averroes
8071:Zhuangzi
8061:Diodorus
8041:Cratylus
7854:Irenaean
7844:Theodicy
7814:Quiddity
7677:Concepts
7603:Maritain
7573:Krasicki
7563:Gassendi
7553:Eriugena
7508:Boethius
7483:Anscombe
7473:Albertus
7367:Molinism
7334:Occamism
7306:Medieval
7233:Just war
7160:Category
7053:Opus Dei
7038:Scouting
7028:Focolare
6895:Servites
6880:Piarists
6825:Crosiers
6561:Anglican
6497:Armenian
6427:Romanian
6417:Maronite
6392:Georgian
6382:Eritrean
6367:Chaldean
6352:Armenian
6347:Albanian
6228:Superior
6187:Emeritus
6167:Diocesan
6020:Advisers
5979:Holy See
5905:Prophets
5863:Politics
5634:Catholic
5614:Councils
5469:Theology
5348:Crusades
5283:Nicaea I
5214:Apostles
5192:Ministry
5161:Timeline
5141:Glossary
4934:HIV/AIDS
4428:Crusades
4182:Irenaeus
4175:Ignatius
4170:Polycarp
4020:Ministry
4008:(30–100)
3882:Timeline
3791:Category
3716:Nussbaum
3686:Brentano
3558:Averroes
3546:Avicenna
3536:Al-Kindi
3509:Erymneus
3405:Problems
3301:On Sleep
3268:Rhetoric
3247:Politics
3192:Movement
3054:Quiddity
2915:accident
2842:Overview
2403:(2011).
2332:39655867
2186:Treccani
2108:Archived
1905:(2019),
1850:Lanfranc
1785:(1903).
1683:"school"
1552:Plotinus
1548:Boethius
1418:See also
1403:quaestio
1365:quaestio
1111:Averroes
1053:and the
953:Novikoff
847:Elements
779:Lanfranc
773:and the
674:Boethius
490:Portugal
436:and the
426:medieval
237:Averroes
180:Boethius
102:Occamism
59:a series
57:Part of
12567:Benelux
12472:Thought
12422:Atheism
12363:Finnish
12339:Culture
12334:Judaism
12296:Eastern
12292:Western
12287:Culture
12221:Paradox
12087:Decline
12048:Science
11924:History
11912:Studies
11895:Cuisine
11883:Periods
11843:Culture
11672:History
11638:Eastern
11633:Western
11584:culture
11487:Russian
11456:Spanish
11451:Slovene
11441:Maltese
11436:Italian
11416:Finland
11384:British
11366:Western
11356:Turkish
11341:Islamic
11336:Iranian
11288:Chinese
11275:Eastern
11242:African
11189:more...
10874:Marxism
10704:British
10647:Dualism
10543:Islamic
10501:Advaita
10491:Vedanta
10465:Scotism
10460:Thomism
10402:Tiantai
10345:Persian
10333:Tibetan
10323:Śūnyatā
10264:Cārvāka
10254:Ājīvika
10249:Mīmāṃsā
10229:Samkhya
10144:Academy
10097:Ionians
10071:Yangism
10028:Chinese
10019:Ancient
9982:Western
9977:Ancient
9936:Realism
9893:Reality
9883:Process
9764:Realism
9744:Dualism
9739:Atomism
9621:Fideism
9342:Related
9328:Warfare
9323:Theatre
9313:Slavery
9308:Science
9263:Hunting
9228:Cuisine
9201:Culture
9140:Castile
9135:England
8576:more...
8480:Concept
8221:Dummett
8196:Gadamer
8191:Chomsky
8176:Derrida
8166:Russell
8151:Bergson
8136:Tillich
8096:Leibniz
8036:Gorgias
7880:Related
7668:Wojtyła
7648:Scheler
7593:Maistre
7583:Lombard
7568:Isidore
7548:Erasmus
7528:Clement
7493:Aquinas
7463:Abelard
7329:Scotism
7324:Thomism
7298:Schools
7125:Schools
7081:Caritas
6989:Secular
6955:Workers
6850:Jesuits
6636:Museums
6631:Library
6609:Writers
6604:Artists
6584:Culture
6551:Paul VI
6432:Russian
6422:Melkite
6264:Brother
6242:General
6182:Titular
6152:Primate
6130:Eparchy
6120:Diocese
6067:Outline
6006:College
5996:Francis
5940:Virgins
5915:Martyrs
5841:Science
5748:History
5703:Penance
5688:Baptism
5589:Worship
5562:Vulgate
5510:Kingdom
5505:Trinity
5493:General
5248:Primacy
5156:History
5136:Outline
4899:Judaism
4299:Vulgate
4109:Gospels
4084:Stephen
4001:Origins
3921:Vulgate
3857:General
3847:of the
3845:History
3634:Scotism
3622:Thomism
3273:Poetics
3182:History
3144:Physics
3136:Physics
3093:Organon
3021: (
2967:Mimesis
2911:Essence
2757:Online.
2693:Please
2685:use of
2540:Primary
1846:Abelard
1824:21 July
1728:at the
1629:15 June
1556:Proclus
1466:Scotism
1274:Thomism
1215:Thomism
1191:Thomism
949:Leinsle
931:Abelard
927:trivium
889:at the
868:Timaeus
791:England
734:of the
668:History
498:England
286:Related
97:Scotism
92:Thomism
86:Schools
12587:CANZUK
12477:Speech
12405:Slavic
12383:Gothic
12358:Celtic
12353:Baltic
12252:Values
12053:Values
11613:Greece
11446:Polish
11426:German
11421:French
11406:Danish
11396:Canada
11346:Jewish
11308:Korean
11293:Indian
10835:People
10756:Monism
10709:German
10677:Holism
10610:Modern
10588:Jewish
10511:Dvaita
10484:Indian
10407:Huayan
10259:Ajñana
10216:Indian
10081:Greco-
10066:Taoism
10056:Mohism
10002:Modern
9969:By era
9958:By era
9873:Action
9754:Monism
9674:Virtue
9656:Ethics
9422:Portal
9303:Poetry
9130:France
8728:(1988)
8718:(1982)
8708:(1980)
8698:(1967)
8688:(1953)
8678:(1951)
8668:(1936)
8658:(1921)
8648:(1905)
8638:(1732)
8628:(1668)
8618:(1666)
8608:(1660)
8598:(n.d.)
8560:Symbol
8261:Searle
8251:Putnam
8201:Kripke
8186:Austin
8171:Carnap
8116:Ricœur
8101:Herder
8091:Hobbes
7871:Utopia
7663:Suárez
7653:Scotus
7638:Rahner
7628:Pascal
7618:Newman
7558:Ficino
7488:Anselm
7478:Alcuin
7344:Modern
7210:Ethics
7003:Fimcap
6945:Marian
6865:Minims
6597:Marian
6447:Syriac
6442:Slovak
6372:Coptic
6308:Oblate
6303:Master
6298:Novice
6293:Hermit
6281:Sister
6237:Abbess
6204:Deacon
6199:Priest
6194:Parish
6137:Bishop
6107:Polity
5893:Joseph
5875:Saints
5542:Saints
5430:Nazism
4865:Nazism
4687:to the
4294:Jerome
4204:Origen
3887:Papacy
3676:Newman
3669:Modern
3578:Jewish
3228:Ethics
3121:Topics
2991:Philia
2985:Mythos
2859:Lyceum
2654:
2635:
2616:
2573:
2554:
2523:
2500:
2478:
2456:
2440:986212
2438:
2415:
2330:
2320:
2297:
2287:
2250:
2016:
1975:
1965:
1923:
1754:
1665:
1622:
1546:, and
1381:lectio
1353:lectio
1336:auctor
1319:auctor
842:Euclid
799:France
783:Anselm
658:school
652:scholē
563:, and
486:France
424:was a
12742:USMCA
12597:CEFTA
12552:AUKUS
12542:ANZUS
12537:ANZUK
12482:Press
12400:Roman
12065:Sport
12009:Chant
12004:Music
11992:Media
11985:Canon
11931:Dance
11861:Latin
11856:Greek
11702:early
11477:Aztec
11431:Greek
11411:Dutch
11401:Czech
11250:Bantu
10687:Anti-
10234:Nyaya
10224:Hindu
10084:Roman
9878:Event
9520:Logic
9333:Women
9293:Music
9248:Domes
9238:Dance
9125:Milan
8586:Works
8495:Class
8256:Lewis
8246:Quine
8231:Grice
8181:Whorf
8141:Sapir
8126:Frege
8076:Xunzi
8046:Plato
7699:Aevum
7658:Stein
7623:Occam
7578:Llull
7503:Bacon
7468:Adler
7424:Other
7101:CIDSE
6950:Youth
6674:Media
6641:Music
6566:Zaire
6546:Roman
6536:Braga
6526:Latin
6397:Greek
6269:Friar
6233:Abbot
6147:Major
6062:Index
5961:Laity
5527:Dogma
5474:Bible
5450:Islam
5406:Trent
5187:Jesus
5169:Legal
5131:Index
4967:Islam
4235:Roman
4194:Canon
4067:Peter
4015:Jesus
3741:Plato
3706:Smith
3691:Adler
3187:Parts
3084:Works
3043:Telos
3030:ousia
2955:Lexis
2943:Hexis
2888:Arete
2854:Logic
2751:. In
2436:JSTOR
2407:[
2295:S2CID
2014:S2CID
1917:93 ff
1702:σχολή
1610:(4).
1341:logic
1235:]
1071:Plato
919:gloss
863:Plato
645:σχολή
627:Greek
617:word
615:Latin
494:Spain
482:Italy
12702:OSCE
12682:NATO
12627:EFTA
12592:CBSS
12577:BSEC
12467:Life
12019:Folk
11900:Diet
11712:late
11707:high
11623:Rome
11582:and
10578:Sufi
10412:Chan
10271:Jain
10244:Yoga
9774:Mind
9714:Hard
9702:Hard
8545:Sign
8450:Cant
8236:Ryle
8206:Ayer
8131:Boas
7633:Pico
7613:More
7533:Cusa
6626:Folk
6274:Monk
6015:List
5993:Pope
5888:Mary
5017:2023
5012:2019
5007:2016
5002:2013
4997:2011
4992:2008
4987:2005
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