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1316:(author), as a subject for investigation. By reading it thoroughly and critically, the disciples learned to appreciate the theories of the author. Other documents related to the book would be referenced, such as Church councils, papal letters and anything else written on the subject, be it ancient or contemporary. The points of disagreement and contention between multiple sources would be written down in individual sentences or snippets of text, known as
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1098:, whose artful synthesis of Greek rationalism and Christian doctrine eventually came to define Catholic philosophy. Aquinas placed more emphasis on reason and argumentation, and was one of the first to use the new translation of Aristotle's metaphysical and epistemological writing. This was a significant departure from the
763:(815–877), one of the founders of scholasticism. Eriugena was the most significant Irish intellectual of the early monastic period and an outstanding philosopher in terms of originality. He had considerable familiarity with the Greek language and translated many works into Latin, affording access to the
1211:
identifies with the philosophical and theological tradition stretching back to the time of St. Thomas. It focuses not only on exegesis of the historical
Aquinas but also on the articulation of a rigorous system of orthodox Thomism to be used as an instrument of critique of contemporary thought. Due
1035:
writes "Not only was the structure of the Arabic language radically different from that of Latin, but some Arabic versions had been derived from earlier Syriac translations and were thus twice removed from the original Greek text. Word-for-word translations of such Arabic texts could produce tortured
1203:
Thomistic scholasticism has been continuous since the time of
Aquinas: "Thomism was always alive in the Dominican Order, small as it was after the ravages of the Reformation, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic occupation. Repeated legislation of the General Chapters, beginning after the death
513:; a topic drawn from the tradition is broached in the form of a question, oppositional responses are given, a counterproposal is argued and oppositional arguments rebutted. Because of its emphasis on rigorous dialectical method, scholasticism was eventually applied to many other fields of study.
1408:). Arguments for the position taken would be presented in turn, followed by arguments against the position, and finally the arguments against would be refuted. This method forced scholars to consider opposing viewpoints and defend their own arguments against them.
1399:
method of reasoning was initially used especially when two authoritative texts seemed to contradict one another. Two contradictory propositions would be considered in the form of an either/or question, and each part of the question would have to be approved
1324:, the two sides of an argument would be made whole so that they would be found to be in agreement and not contradictory. (Of course, sometimes opinions would be totally rejected, or new positions proposed.) This was done in two ways. The first was through
1031:'s translations and editions of Greek philosophical texts in the middle half of the thirteenth century helped form a clearer picture of Greek philosophy, particularly of Aristotle, than was given by the Arabic versions on which they had previously relied.
1067:, incorporating only a little of Aristotle in with the more neoplatonist elements. Following Anselm, Bonaventure supposed that reason can only discover truth when philosophy is illuminated by religious faith. Other important Franciscan scholastics were
516:
Scholasticism was initially a program conducted by medieval
Christian thinkers attempting to harmonize the various authorities of their own tradition, and to reconcile Christian theology with classical and late antiquity philosophy, especially that of
1042:
developed in the large cities of Europe during this period, and rival clerical orders within the church began to battle for political and intellectual control over these centers of educational life. The two main orders founded in this period were the
1302:
Cornelius O'Boyle explained that
Scholasticism focuses on how to acquire knowledge and how to communicate effectively so that it may be acquired by others. It was thought that the best way to achieve this was by replicating the discovery process
1332:
might have intended a certain word to mean something different. Ambiguity could be used to find common ground between two otherwise contradictory statements. The second was through logical analysis, which relied on the rules of formal
1392:. In this case, the teacher responded and the students rebutted; on the following day the teacher, having used notes taken during the disputation, summarised all arguments and presented his final position, riposting all rebuttals.
1027:. Schools of translation grew up in Italy and Sicily, and eventually in the rest of Europe. Powerful Norman kings gathered men of knowledge from Italy and other areas into their courts as a sign of their prestige.
744:, attracted the scholars of England and Ireland, where some Greek works continued to survive in the original. By a 787 decree, he established schools at every abbey in his empire. These schools, from which the name
1102:
and
Augustinian thinking that had dominated much of early scholasticism. Aquinas showed how it was possible to incorporate much of the philosophy of Aristotle without falling into the "errors" of the Commentator,
1254:
or act of existence of finite beings by participating in being itself. Other scholars such as those involved with the "Progetto
Tommaso" seek to establish an objective and universal reading of Aquinas' texts.
1874:
Grant, Edward, and
Emeritus Edward Grant. The foundations of modern science in the Middle Ages: their religious, institutional and intellectual contexts. Cambridge University Press, 1996, 23–28
1286:. Attempts emerged to combine elements of scholastic and analytic methodology in pursuit of a contemporary philosophical synthesis. Proponents of various incarnations of this approach include
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2405:] (in Dutch). With contributions by T. Theo J. Pleizier, Pieter L. Rouwendal, and Maarten Wisse; Translated by Albert Gootjes. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Reformation Heritage Books.
509:. Scholastic thought is also known for rigorous conceptual analysis and the careful drawing of distinctions. In the classroom and in writing, it often takes the form of explicit
474:
in the
Western world. Scholasticism dominated education in Europe from about 1100 to 1700. The rise of scholasticism was closely associated with these schools that flourished in
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to its suspicion of attempts to harmonize
Aquinas with non-Thomistic categories and assumptions, Scholastic Thomism has sometimes been called, according to philosophers like
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of St. Thomas, as well as the
Constitutions of the Order, required all Dominicans to teach the doctrine of St. Thomas both in philosophy and in theology."
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1481:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). On the difference between scholastic and medieval monastic postures towards learning, see Jean Leclercq,
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4383:
3863:
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4758:
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1221:
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949:, and others have argued against the idea that scholasticism primarily derived from philosophical contact, emphasizing its continuity with earlier
942:
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The 13th and early 14th centuries are generally seen as the high period of scholasticism. The early 13th century witnessed the culmination of the
6639:
2062:
Gracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 353–369, 494–503, 696–712
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567:(1265–1274) is considered to be the pinnacle of scholastic, medieval, and Christian philosophy; it began while Aquinas was regent master at the
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During this period, knowledge of Ancient Greek had vanished in the West except in Ireland, where its teaching and use was fairly common in its
1735:
Winter, Tim J. "Introduction." Introduction. The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008. 4–5. Print.
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Thomistic scholasticism in the English speaking world went into decline in the 1970s when the Thomistic revival that had been spearheaded by
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Hannam, James. The genesis of science: How the Christian Middle Ages launched the scientific revolution. Simon and Schuster, 2011, 90–93
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readings. By contrast, the structural closeness of Latin to Greek, permitted literal, but intelligible, word-for-word translations."
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that attempted to reconcile the use of classical pagan and philosophical sources in a medieval Christian concept using the kludge of
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and William avoided a similar fate through systematic self-bowdlerization of his early work, but his commentaries and encyclopedic
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on Muslim philosophers. In the case of Aquinas, for instance, see Jan Aertsen, "Aquinas' philosophy in its historical setting" in
1388:
Questions to be disputed were ordinarily announced beforehand, but students could propose a question to the teacher unannounced –
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1349:: a teacher would read an authoritative text followed by a commentary, but no questions were permitted. This was followed by the
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The revival and development from the second half of the 19th century of medieval scholastic philosophy is sometimes called neo-
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Gracia, Jorge JE, and Timothy B. Noone, eds. A companion to philosophy in the middle ages. John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 55–64
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in 1215, to propagate and defend Christian doctrine, placed more emphasis on the use of reason and made extensive use of the
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largely adopted the scholastic method of theology, while differing regarding sources of authority and content of theology.
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traveled to Spain and Sicily, translating works on astronomy and mathematics, including the first complete translation of
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583:. Important work in the scholastic tradition has been carried on well past Aquinas's time, such as English scholastics
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through his logical and theological essays, and later forerunners (and then companions) to scholasticism were Islamic
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802:" of many Greek works which had been lost to the Latin West. As early as the latter half of the 10th century, the
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Scholasticism is a method of learning more than a philosophy or a theology, since it places a strong emphasis on
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1935:
1337:– as they were known at the time – to show that contradictions did not exist but were subjective to the reader.
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surface meanings as coverings disguising a deeper (and more orthodox) truth. Abelard himself was condemned by
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derived from the East and Moorish Spain. The great representatives of Dominican thinking in this period were
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1250:(1964– ) among others. Fabro in particular emphasizes Aquinas' originality, especially with respect to the
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1216:, "Strict Observance Thomism". A discussion of recent and current Thomistic scholasticism can be found in
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A renewed interest in the "scholastic" way of doing philosophy has recently awoken in the confines of the
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in the 12th century, Spain opened even further for Christian scholars and, as these Europeans encountered
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Campbell, Timothy P.; Harrison, Timothy M.; McDonagh, Josephine; Saltzman, Benjamin A., eds. (May 1950).
1556:, ed. Norman Kretzmann and Eleonore Stump (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993). Jean Leclerq,
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analysis. Words were examined and argued to have multiple meanings. It was also considered that the
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Madeleine Pelner Cosman, Linda Gale Jones, Handbook to Life in the Medieval World, p. 391.
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or reflection) in which students reflected on and appropriated the text. Finally, in the
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Theologians and Contract Law: The Moral Transformation of the Ius Commune (c. 1500–1650)
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818:, they opened a wealth of Arab and Judaic knowledge of mathematics and astronomy. The
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1320:. Once the sources and points of disagreement had been laid out through a series of
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means "of or pertaining to schools". The "scholastics" were, roughly, "schoolmen".
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771:. Three other primary founders of scholasticism were the 11th-century archbishops
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1266:, and others, diminished in influence. Partly, this was because this branch of
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212:
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2779:, article by James Franklin on the influence of scholasticism on later thought
2261:
Simpson, William M. R.; Koons, Robert C.; Orr, James, eds. (11 October 2021).
1970:
1570:
1477:
See Steven P. Marone, "Medieval philosophy in context" in A. S. McGrade, ed.,
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46:
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2942:
2420:
Clagett, Marshall (1982). "William of Moerbeke: Translator of Archimedes".
2308:
The art of medicine: medical teaching at the University of Paris, 1250–1400
2093:
1418:
1213:
1099:
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had begun translating Arabic texts into Latin. After a successful burst of
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522:
462:
theology, these monastic schools became the basis of the earliest European
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141:
2002:
1985:
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himself was ... together with John Scotus Erigena (9th century), and
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2794:– Huge database with information on biography, text chronology, editions.
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Ed. Daniel Patte. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, 11132-1133
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Scholastic instruction consisted of several elements. The first was the
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Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition, 400–1400.
1764:
Medieval foundations of the western intellectual tradition, 400–1400.
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2623:
Knowledge True and Useful: A Cultural History of Early Scholasticism
2606:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies.
724:
The first significant renewal of learning in the West came with the
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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667:
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371:
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179:
101:
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had become a quest to understand the historical Aquinas after the
1231:, which includes such figures as Sofia Vanni Rovighi (1908–1990),
671:
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An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
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Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
4287:
4197:
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2984:
1655:. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 490.
1312:
835:
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189:
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The scholasticists would choose a book by a renowned scholar,
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By contrast, the Dominican order, a teaching order founded by
759:, where they were renowned for their learning. Among them was
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1653:
The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy (Gifford Lectures 1933–35)
12675:
6267:
5986:
2372:
1850:(both 11th century), one of the founders of scholasticism."
607:
The terms "scholastic" and "scholasticism" derive from the
2213:. Rome: Millennium Romae. pp. 157–161. Archived from
1485:(New York: Fordham University Press, 1970) esp. 89; 238ff.
10410:
4733:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2732:
2018:
1853:
1218:
La Metafisica di san Tommaso d'Aquino e i suoi interpreti
938:
or opinions of the Church Fathers and other authorities.
2791:
2777:
The genius of the scholastics and the orbit of Aristotle
2360:
2348:
666:
The foundations of Christian scholasticism were laid by
12660:
2264:
Neo-Aristotelian Metaphysics and the Theology of Nature
1055:
in 1209. Their leader in the middle of the century was
1877:
4764:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1986:"Toward a Cultural History of Scholastic Disputation"
466:, and thus became the bedrock for the development of
2507:
The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting
2209:. In Giacomo Grasso, O.P.; Stefano Serafini (eds.).
1909:, Vol. 4, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.
915:
on Scripture, followed by the rise to prominence of
755:. Irish scholars had a considerable presence in the
2036:Hammond, Jay, Wayne Hellmann, and Jared Goff, eds.
1796:
1794:
1792:
3837:
3315:On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration
2599:
30:"Scholastics" redirects here. For other uses, see
3520:
3443:
2683:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
2422:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2098:"The Thomistic tradition, Part I (archived copy)"
599:, and also among Lutheran and Reformed thinkers.
12773:
4834:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2783:Medieval Philosophy, Universities and the Church
2642:Protestant Scholasticism: Essays in Reassessment
2194:. Treccani Encyclopedia./ Accessed 9 April 2013
1789:
1059:, a traditionalist who defended the theology of
2640:Trueman, Carl R; Clark, R. Scott, eds. (1999).
2260:
2151:"Edward Feser: The Thomistic tradition, Part I"
1870:
1868:
1502:
1500:
953:. This remains, however, a minority viewpoint.
2480:The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
2125:"The Revival of Thomism: An Historical Survey"
1479:The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy
748:derived, became centers of medieval learning.
434:. Christian scholasticism emerged within the
11572:
11558:
9462:
8839:
7984:
7180:
5098:
3823:
2813:
2792:ALCUIN – Regensburger Infothek der Scholastik
2587:"Medieval Intellectual Life and Christianity"
2464:Gracia, J. G. and Noone, T. B., eds., (2003)
2236:Peterson, Craig; Pugh, Matthew, eds. (2006).
577:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
396:
3591:
2466:A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages
2337:
2335:
2235:
2092:
1865:
1497:
1560:(New York: Fordham University Press, 1970).
1558:The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
1483:The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
1277:
1132:
896:
888:
870:
613:
11565:
11551:
9469:
9455:
8846:
8832:
8708:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language
7998:
7991:
7977:
7187:
7173:
7027:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
5105:
5091:
4849:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
4799:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
3830:
3816:
2820:
2806:
2393:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2238:Analytical Thomism: traditions in dialogue
1785:. Cambridge University Press. p. 438.
1373:became a method of inquiry apart from the
1365:) that might have occurred to them during
1190:
903:were miscredited to earlier scholars like
426:of philosophical analysis predicated upon
403:
389:
50:14th-century image of a university lecture
2719:Learn how and when to remove this message
2399:Inleiding in de Gereformeerde Scholastiek
2332:
2305:
2272:
2122:
2001:
1831:
1829:
1508:The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity.
1340:
1154:
1143:
8853:
2772:Yahoo! directory category: Scholasticism
2738:Medieval Philosophy Electronic Resources
2490:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2485:
2482:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2204:
2053:Routledge, 2002, 93–93, 147–149, 164–169
2024:
1983:
1936:"Peter Lombard, Master of the Sentences"
1907:A History of Philosophy without Any Gaps
1859:
1377:and independent of authoritative texts.
1110:
45:
7194:
2419:
2295:– via Taylor & Francis Group.
2182:Encyclopedia./ Accessed 17 August 2013
1895:
1883:
1729:
1381:were arranged to resolve controversial
1235:(1911–1995), Carlo Giacon (1900–1984),
14:
12774:
5486:
2540:Hyman, J.; Walsh, J. J., eds. (1973).
2403:Introduction to Reformed Scholasticism
1826:
1775:
1650:
1644:
1207:Thomistic scholasticism or scholastic
820:Latin translations of the 12th century
798:This period saw the beginning of the "
685:
674:, meaning "science of discourse", and
11546:
11208:
9950:
9488:
9450:
8827:
7972:
7168:
5086:
3811:
3662:
3571:
2801:
2563:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2504:
2104:from the original on 29 November 2010
1933:
1835:
1523:Cambridge University Press, 2004, 159
1435:History of science in the Middle Ages
1246:(1925–2012), Leo Elders (1926– ) and
1121:
956:
422:school of philosophy that employed a
12787:Philosophical schools and traditions
3369:On Melissus, Xenophanes, and Gorgias
2663:
2625:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2559:Schoedinger, Andrew B., ed. (1996).
2544:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.
2345:Yale University Press, 1999, 265–273
1641:Cambridge University Press, 2004, 56
1297:
1172:
919:(the middle subject of the medieval
830:in Constantinople. Scholars such as
9431:
8876:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
5112:
4703:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
2827:
2644:. Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Press.
1952:Introduction to Scholastic Theology
1948:
1807:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
911:systematized the production of the
24:
8968:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
4258:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
3730:Transmission of the Greek Classics
2528:
2086:
1782:A History of Classical Scholarship
1766:Yale University Press, 1999, 66–67
1639:God and Reason in the Middle Ages.
1554:The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas
1521:God and Reason in the Middle Ages.
1051:. The Franciscans were founded by
73:
25:
12838:
12756:Western European and Others Group
9398:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3404:The Situations and Names of Winds
2659:
2459:The Early Palaeologan Renaissance
1290:, Peter King, Thomas Williams or
533:("the father of scholasticism"),
525:. The Scholastics, also known as
11526:
11525:
11512:
9430:
9421:
9420:
9410:
7951:
7939:
7833:Stratification of emotional life
7282:
7276:
7270:
7149:
7148:
7137:
7105:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
6653:Criticism of the Catholic Church
5065:
5053:
4384:Fourth Council of Constantinople
4339:Second Council of Constantinople
3790:
3780:
3779:
2759:Joseph Rickaby, (1908), 121 pp.
2668:
2509:. photography by Achim Bednorz.
2446:, Leiden/Boston, Brill/Nijhoff,
1984:Novikoff, Alex J. (April 2012).
1007:
993:
979:
965:
708:
694:
446:. Endeavoring to harmonize his
370:
358:
12802:Christianity in the Middle Ages
12792:Christian theological movements
8896:Christianity in the Middle Ages
8891:Decline of Hellenistic religion
5272:First seven ecumenical councils
4354:Third Council of Constantinople
4278:First Council of Constantinople
3310:On Length and Shortness of Life
2561:Readings in Medieval Philosophy
2299:
2254:
2240:. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
2229:
2197:
2185:
2169:
2143:
2116:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2043:
2030:
1977:
1942:
1927:
1889:
1769:
1754:
1738:
1669:
1544:, and through the influence of
1455:Renaissance of the 12th century
1369:. Eventually the discussion of
575:in Rome, the forerunner of the
529:, included as its main figures
12797:Catholicism in the Middle Ages
9476:
9174:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
8648:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
5847:Separation of church and state
4593:Dissolution of the monasteries
3859:History of the Catholic Church
2900:Correspondence theory of truth
2387:
1990:The American Historical Review
1631:
1583:
1563:
1526:
1513:
1488:
1471:
1361:students could ask questions (
13:
1:
11209:
9348:Disability in the Middle Ages
9021:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
8953:Rise of the Venetian Republic
8529:Principle of compositionality
4467:Fourth Council of the Lateran
4442:Second Council of the Lateran
4051:Apostles in the New Testament
3246:Constitution of the Athenians
2733:Scholasticon by Jacob Schmutz
2585:Gallatin, Harlie Kay (2001).
2542:Philosophy in the Middle Ages
1465:
1242:(1950–1990), Abelardo Lobato
636:), an adjective derived from
27:Medieval school of philosophy
10998:Ordinary language philosophy
9489:
8678:Philosophical Investigations
4581:Catholic Counter-Reformation
4447:Third Council of the Lateran
4437:First Council of the Lateran
3893:Catholic ecumenical councils
3148:On Generation and Corruption
2768:in The Catholic Encyclopedia
2478:McGrade, A. S., ed., (2003)
2051:Fifty key medieval thinkers.
1025:recovery of Greek philosophy
804:Toledo School of Translators
645:
631:
619:, the Latinized form of the
602:
444:collected works of Aristotle
7:
11048:Contemporary utilitarianism
10963:Internalism and externalism
8519:Modality (natural language)
7425:Theological intellectualism
2486:Lindberg, David C. (1978).
2306:Cornelius, O'Boyle (1998).
2205:Rizzello, Raffaele (1999).
2038:A companion to Bonaventure.
1688:Online Etymology Dictionary
1597:University of Chicago Press
1425:Allegory in the Middle Ages
1411:
1165:Following the Reformation,
822:also included figures like
769:Greek theological tradition
438:that translated scholastic
156:Libri Quattuor Sententiarum
10:
12843:
10312:Svatantrika and Prasangika
9951:
9149:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
8658:Language, Truth, and Logic
8398:Theological noncognitivism
8283:Contrast theory of meaning
8278:Causal theory of reference
8009:Index of language articles
7803:Principle of double effect
7144:Catholic Church portal
3927:History of the Roman Curia
3389:On Marvellous Things Heard
3008:Potentiality and actuality
2598:Maurer, Armand A. (1982).
2488:Science in the Middle Ages
1703:
1695:
1610:10.1086/mp.1950.47.issue-4
1390:disputationes de quodlibet
1176:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
816:Judeo-Islamic philosophies
661:
638:
624:
440:Judeo-Islamic philosophies
36:
29:
12526:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
12506:
12424:
12261:
12096:
11967:Standard Average European
11835:
11664:
11584:
11506:
11458:
11358:
11320:
11267:
11234:
11225:
11221:
11204:
11154:
11066:
10904:
10895:
10828:
10611:
10602:
10580:
10535:
10477:
10429:
10383:
10374:
10337:
10208:
10073:
10020:
10011:
9961:
9957:
9946:
9885:
9857:
9814:
9766:
9723:
9676:
9648:
9600:
9572:
9534:Philosophy of mathematics
9524:Philosophy of information
9499:
9495:
9484:
9406:
9335:
9194:
9089:
9076:Mongol invasion of Europe
8981:
8861:
8798:
8743:Philosophy of information
8730:
8579:
8431:
8343:Mediated reference theory
8268:
8015:
8006:
7934:
7873:
7670:
7447:
7417:
7379:
7336:
7298:
7291:
7268:
7202:
7132:
7070:Aid to the Church in Need
7060:
6917:
6730:
6691:Vatican Television Center
6666:
6576:
6466:
6336:Eastern Catholic Churches
6317:
6206:
6099:
6046:
5971:
5942:
5867:
5792:
5727:
5672:
5591:
5461:
5375:
5307:
5252:
5171:
5148:
5120:
5048:
4948:
4814:
4741:
4676:
4663:European wars of religion
4560:
4495:
4397:
4319:
4210:
4133:
3993:
3982:
3974:Eastern Catholic Churches
3849:
3775:
3752:Commentaries on Aristotle
3722:
3436:
3339:
3323:
3275:
3254:
3220:
3204:
3166:
3128:
3085:
3076:
2861:
2835:
2211:Vita quaerens intellectum
2123:Weisheipl, James (1962).
2049:Evans, Gillian Rosemary.
1576:Dictionary.com Unabridged
931:produced a collection of
907:and widely disseminated.
875:, treating the obviously
442:, and "rediscovered" the
12666:Lancaster House Treaties
12156:Christian existentialism
12116:Ancient Roman philosophy
12106:Ancient Greek philosophy
8668:Two Dogmas of Empiricism
7012:Communion and Liberation
6476:Eastern Catholic liturgy
5641:Mystici Corporis Christi
5569:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
4794:Mary of the Divine Heart
4417:Clash against the empire
4369:Second Council of Nicaea
4263:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2155:edwardfeser.blogspot.com
1651:Gilson, Etienne (1991).
1450:Pardes (Jewish exegesis)
1278:Analytical Scholasticism
1139:Protestant Scholasticism
1133:Protestant Scholasticism
1088:new Aristotelian sources
865:and a range of works by
761:Johannes Scotus Eriugena
333:Protestant scholasticism
37:Not to be confused with
12444:Equality before the law
11651:Romano-Germanic culture
11003:Postanalytic philosophy
10944:Experimental philosophy
9031:Investiture Controversy
9001:Second Bulgarian Empire
8469:Use–mention distinction
8313:Direct reference theory
7430:Theological voluntarism
5827:Philosophy of canon law
5757:Mariology of the saints
5337:Investiture Controversy
5060:Vatican City portal
4412:Investiture Controversy
4268:First Council of Nicaea
3120:Sophistical Refutations
2748:Encyclopædia Britannica
2621:Rexroth, Frank (2023).
2274:10.4324/9781003125860-3
2267:. New York: Routledge.
1802:"John Scottus Eriugena"
1719:A Greek–English Lexicon
1199:emphasizes, within the
1191:Thomistic Scholasticism
824:Constantine the African
726:Carolingian Renaissance
561:. Aquinas's masterwork
501:to extend knowledge by
424:critical organic method
345:Protoscholastic writing
269:("Doctor Scholasticus")
227:("Doctor Invincibilis")
12606:Eastern European Group
12195:Continental philosophy
12126:Judeo-Christian ethics
12111:Hellenistic philosophy
11592:Cradle of civilization
11136:Social constructionism
10148:Hellenistic philosophy
9564:Theoretical philosophy
9539:Philosophy of religion
9529:Philosophy of language
9388:Post-classical history
9144:Fall of Constantinople
9051:Capet–Plantagenet feud
8918:First Bulgarian Empire
8403:Theory of descriptions
8338:Linguistic determinism
8000:Philosophy of language
7946:Catholicism portal
7080:Catholic Charities USA
6714:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
6702:Vatican Polyglot Press
5752:Mariology of the popes
5390:Protestant Reformation
5072:Catholicism portal
4883:Second Vatican Council
4769:Our Lady of La Salette
4576:Protestant Reformation
4563:Protestant Reformation
4482:Second Council of Lyon
3871:Ecclesiastical history
3305:On Divination in Sleep
2991:Horror vacui (physics)
2081:Douglass, Jane Dempsey
1938:. Ligonier Ministries.
1341:Scholastic instruction
1272:Second Vatican Council
1161:Reformed scholasticism
1155:Reformed Scholasticism
1150:Lutheran scholasticism
1144:Lutheran Scholasticism
1063:and the philosophy of
951:Patristic Christianity
897:
889:
871:
847:At the same time, the
614:
591:, and for instance by
377:Catholicism portal
245:("Doctor Universalis")
78:
51:
12817:Christian terminology
12726:Three Seas Initiative
12701:Pacific Islands Forum
12566:British–Irish Council
12314:Greek Orthodox Church
11773:Industrial Revolution
11743:Scientific Revolution
11519:Philosophy portal
11038:Scientific skepticism
11018:Reformed epistemology
9544:Philosophy of science
8514:Mental representation
8449:Linguistic relativity
8333:Inquisitive semantics
7958:Philosophy portal
7773:Infused righteousness
6834:Good Shepherd Sisters
6676:Holy See Press Office
5914:Doctors of the Church
5747:Immaculate Conception
5702:Anointing of the Sick
5237:History of the papacy
4779:First Vatican Council
4477:First Council of Lyon
4241:Constantine the Great
3937:Christian monasticism
3797:Philosophy portal
3419:Rhetoric to Alexander
2761:(also at googlebooks)
2468:. London: Blackwell,
2395:van Asselt, Willem J.
2207:"Il Progetto Tommaso"
2003:10.1086/ahr.117.2.331
1710:Liddell, Henry George
1532:Particularly through
1111:Spanish Scholasticism
499:dialectical reasoning
464:medieval universities
450:and its account of a
365:Philosophy portal
339:Problem of universals
257:("Doctor Seraphicus")
77:
49:
12822:Western Christianity
12721:Special Relationship
12131:Christian philosophy
12076:Western Christianity
11738:Age of Enlightenment
11612:Hellenistic Kingdoms
10939:Critical rationalism
10646:Edo neo-Confucianism
10490:Acintya bheda abheda
10469:Renaissance humanism
10180:School of the Sextii
9554:Practical philosophy
9549:Political philosophy
9368:Medieval reenactment
9164:Renaissance Humanism
9071:Medieval Warm Period
9041:Republic of Florence
8855:European Middle Ages
8698:Naming and Necessity
8608:De Arte Combinatoria
8407:Definite description
8368:Semantic externalism
7906:Doctor of the Church
7788:Ontological argument
6707:L'Osservatore Romano
6645:Role in civilisation
6371:Croatian and Serbian
6119:Episcopal conference
6081:St. Peter's Basilica
5439:Sexual abuse scandal
5395:Catholic Reformation
4956:Sexual abuse scandal
4865:Mit brennender Sorge
4708:Age of Enlightenment
4487:Bernard of Clairvaux
4364:Byzantine Iconoclasm
4303:Council of Chalcedon
4083:Council of Jerusalem
3952:Role in civilization
3932:Religious institutes
3864:By country or region
3508:Andronicus of Rhodes
3409:On Virtues and Vices
3364:On Indivisible Lines
3285:Sense and Sensibilia
3255:Rhetoric and poetics
3068:Mathematical realism
2689:improve this article
2505:Toman, Rolf (2007).
2217:on 28 September 2013
2176:Vanni Rovighi, Sofia
2131:on 27 September 2013
1848:Anselm of Canterbury
1248:Giovanni Ventimiglia
1128:Second scholasticism
891:De Philosophia Mundi
885:1141 Council of Sens
881:Bernard of Clairvaux
702:Anselm of Canterbury
531:Anselm of Canterbury
261:Anselm of Canterbury
215:("Doctor Angelicus")
195:John Scotus Eriugena
12746:West Nordic Council
12611:Eastern Partnership
12200:Analytic philosophy
11901:Classical tradition
11723:Early modern period
11679:Classical antiquity
11674:European Bronze Age
10510:Nimbarka Sampradaya
10421:Korean Confucianism
10168:Academic Skepticism
9081:Kingdom of Portugal
8948:Old Church Slavonic
8933:Anglo-Saxon England
8748:Philosophical logic
8738:Analytic philosophy
8544:Sense and reference
8423:Verification theory
8378:Situation semantics
7733:Divine illumination
7389:Augustinian realism
7257:Theological virtues
7196:Catholic philosophy
7042:Neocatechumenal Way
7007:Charismatic Renewal
6721:Annuario Pontificio
6319:Particular churches
5995:Ecumenical councils
5767:Perpetual virginity
5602:Communitas perfecta
5546:Sermon on the Mount
4784:Papal infallibility
4774:Our Lady of Lourdes
4723:Shimabara Rebellion
4567:Counter-Reformation
3478:Strato of Lampsacus
3110:Posterior Analytics
2862:Ideas and interests
2701:footnote references
2602:Medieval Philosophy
2593:on 1 February 2009.
2440:Decock, W. (2013),
2096:(15 October 2009).
1949:Leinsle, Ulrich G.
1934:Hoffecker, Andrew.
1902:Medieval Philosophy
1812:Stanford University
1440:Medieval philosophy
1284:analytic philosophy
1195:As J. A. Weisheipl
1117:School of Salamanca
1029:William of Moerbeke
855:'s commentaries on
853:Bernard of Chartres
765:Cappadocian Fathers
686:Early Scholasticism
569:studium provinciale
263:("Doctor Marianus")
239:("The Commentator")
221:("Doctor Subtilis")
12205:Post-structuralism
12168:Christian humanism
11798:Universal suffrage
11131:Post-structuralism
11033:Scientific realism
10988:Quinean naturalism
10968:Logical positivism
10924:Analytical Marxism
10143:Peripatetic school
10055:Chinese naturalism
9582:Aesthetic response
9509:Applied philosophy
9262:In popular culture
9227:Crusading movement
9099:Hundred Years' War
8958:Civitas Schinesghe
8943:Carolingian Empire
8928:Kingdom of Croatia
8881:Barbarian kingdoms
8598:Port-Royal Grammar
8494:Family resemblance
8413:Theory of language
8388:Supposition theory
7901:Islamic philosophy
7855:Trademark argument
7748:Formal distinction
7698:Augustinian values
7371:Analytical Thomism
7351:Christian humanism
6879:Premonstratensians
5262:Ante-Nicene period
5140:Lists of Catholics
4829:Our Lady of Fátima
4618:Ignatius of Loyola
4542:Catherine of Siena
4510:Pope Boniface VIII
4329:Benedict of Nursia
4298:Council of Ephesus
4135:Ante-Nicene period
4088:Split with Judaism
3922:Crusading movement
3522:Islamic Golden Age
3445:Peripatetic school
3231:Nicomachean Ethics
2926:Future contingents
2511:Tandem Verlag GmbH
2341:Colish, Marcia L.
1777:Sandys, John Edwin
1592:"Modern Philology"
1122:Late Scholasticism
957:High Scholasticism
867:William of Conches
849:School of Chartres
585:Robert Grosseteste
539:Alexander of Hales
313:Islamic philosophy
233:("Doctor Eximius")
175:Augustine of Hippo
79:
52:
12769:
12768:
12596:Council of Europe
12498:International law
12451:Constitutionalism
12309:Eastern Orthodoxy
11815:Post–Cold War era
11748:Age of Revolution
11602:Greco-Roman world
11540:
11539:
11502:
11501:
11498:
11497:
11494:
11493:
11200:
11199:
11196:
11195:
11192:
11191:
10919:Analytic feminism
10891:
10890:
10853:Kierkegaardianism
10815:Transcendentalism
10775:Neo-scholasticism
10621:Classical Realism
10598:
10597:
10370:
10369:
10185:Neopythagoreanism
9942:
9941:
9938:
9937:
9559:Social philosophy
9444:
9443:
9353:Basic topics list
9154:Swiss mercenaries
9104:Wars of the Roses
9011:Kingdom of Poland
8996:Holy Roman Empire
8863:Early Middle Ages
8821:
8820:
8323:Dynamic semantics
7966:
7965:
7881:Catholic theology
7828:Seven deadly sins
7798:Peripatetic axiom
7708:Cartesian dualism
7443:
7442:
7409:Scotistic realism
7366:Neo-scholasticism
7162:
7161:
6572:
6571:
5965:
5788:
5787:
5480:
5457:
5456:
5449:COVID-19 pandemic
5419:French Revolution
5409:Thirty Years' War
5317:Islamic conquests
5230:Apostolic fathers
5165:
5080:
5079:
5040:COVID-19 pandemic
5018:Pope Benedict XVI
4923:Pope John Paul II
4698:Pope Benedict XIV
4684:French Revolution
4668:Thirty Years' War
4658:Robert Bellarmine
4643:John of the Cross
4547:Pope Alexander VI
4532:Council of Vienne
4462:Francis of Assisi
4452:Pope Innocent III
4321:Early Middle Ages
4315:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4253:Arian controversy
4206:
4205:
4154:Apostolic Fathers
3805:
3804:
3757:Metabasis paradox
3718:
3717:
3658:
3657:
3645:Pietro Pomponazzi
3587:
3586:
3567:
3566:
3516:
3515:
3468:Eudemus of Rhodes
3458:Clearchus of Soli
3432:
3431:
3100:On Interpretation
3043:Temporal finitism
2931:Genus–differentia
2888:Category of being
2729:
2728:
2721:
2632:978-1-5128-2471-1
2613:978-0-88844-704-3
2570:978-0-19-509293-6
2551:978-0-915144-05-1
2520:978-3-8331-4676-3
2497:978-0-226-48232-3
2452:978-90-04-23284-6
2412:978-1-60178-121-5
2381:, pp. 61–62.
2310:. Leiden: Brill.
2157:. 15 October 2009
2027:, pp. 70–72.
1920:978-0-19-884240-8
1862:, pp. 60–61.
1814:. 17 October 2004
1761:Colish, Marcia L.
1662:978-0-268-01740-8
1298:Scholastic method
1179:Neo-scholasticism
1173:Neo-Scholasticism
1094:and (especially)
1077:William of Ockham
1053:Francis of Assisi
1015:William of Ockham
923:) in the work of
730:Early Middle Ages
676:Jewish philosophy
551:William of Ockham
413:
412:
328:Neo-scholasticism
308:Catholic theology
225:William of Ockham
16:(Redirected from
12834:
12641:EU Customs Union
12173:Secular humanism
12121:Christian ethics
12071:East–West Schism
12054:Physical culture
11778:Great Divergence
11728:Age of Discovery
11567:
11560:
11553:
11544:
11543:
11529:
11528:
11517:
11516:
11515:
11232:
11231:
11223:
11222:
11206:
11205:
11096:Frankfurt School
11043:Transactionalism
10993:Normative ethics
10973:Legal positivism
10949:Falsificationism
10934:Consequentialism
10929:Communitarianism
10902:
10901:
10770:New Confucianism
10609:
10608:
10416:Neo-Confucianism
10381:
10380:
10190:Second Sophistic
10175:Middle Platonism
10018:
10017:
9959:
9958:
9948:
9947:
9791:Epiphenomenalism
9658:Consequentialism
9592:Institutionalism
9497:
9496:
9486:
9485:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9448:
9447:
9434:
9433:
9424:
9423:
9414:
9373:Medieval studies
9217:Church and State
9091:Late Middle Ages
8983:High Middle Ages
8901:Christianization
8871:Migration Period
8848:
8841:
8834:
8825:
8824:
8783:Formal semantics
8731:Related articles
8723:
8713:
8703:
8693:
8683:
8673:
8663:
8653:
8643:
8633:
8623:
8613:
8603:
8593:
8363:Relevance theory
8358:Phallogocentrism
7993:
7986:
7979:
7970:
7969:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7944:
7943:
7768:Homo unius libri
7713:Cogito, ergo sum
7703:Cardinal virtues
7404:Moderate realism
7296:
7295:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7273:
7212:Cardinal virtues
7189:
7182:
7175:
7166:
7165:
7152:
7151:
7142:
7141:
6884:Redemptoristines
6732:Religious orders
6658:Anti-Catholicism
6608:Church buildings
6468:Catholic liturgy
6208:Consecrated life
6066:Apostolic Palace
6033:Synod of Bishops
5969:
5968:
5945:
5551:Ten Commandments
5484:
5483:
5466:
5367:Age of Discovery
5201:Great Commission
5169:
5168:
5153:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5070:
5069:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5035:Patriarch Kirill
4908:Pope John Paul I
4713:Anti-clericalism
4693:Pope Innocent XI
4613:Society of Jesus
4598:Council of Trent
4552:Age of Discovery
4497:Late Middle Ages
4399:High Middle Ages
4389:East–West Schism
4273:Pope Sylvester I
4219:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4118:General epistles
4113:Pauline epistles
4046:John the Baptist
4029:Great Commission
3991:
3990:
3942:Catholic culture
3832:
3825:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3660:
3659:
3640:Jacopo Zabarella
3589:
3588:
3569:
3568:
3518:
3517:
3498:Diodorus of Tyre
3441:
3440:
3083:
3082:
3013:Substance theory
2974:Moderate realism
2968:Minima naturalia
2869:Active intellect
2822:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2704:
2672:
2671:
2664:
2655:
2636:
2617:
2605:
2594:
2589:. Archived from
2574:
2555:
2524:
2501:
2437:
2416:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2276:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2127:. Archived from
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2047:
2041:
2040:Brill, 2014, 122
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2005:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1773:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1567:
1561:
1534:Pseudo-Dionysius
1530:
1524:
1517:
1511:
1504:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1475:
1305:modus inveniendi
1260:Jacques Maritain
1230:
1011:
1010:
997:
996:
983:
982:
969:
968:
902:
894:
874:
753:monastic schools
712:
711:
698:
697:
648:
641:
640:
634:
627:
626:
617:
593:Francisco Suárez
587:and his student
564:Summa Theologica
436:monastic schools
405:
398:
391:
375:
374:
363:
362:
361:
303:Franciscan Order
231:Francisco Suárez
135:Summa Grammatica
121:Summa Theologica
54:
53:
21:
12842:
12841:
12837:
12836:
12835:
12833:
12832:
12831:
12827:Western culture
12772:
12771:
12770:
12765:
12731:UKUSA Agreement
12671:Lublin Triangle
12556:Baltic Assembly
12508:
12502:
12420:
12257:
12092:
11962:Eurolinguistics
11831:
11820:Information age
11793:Interwar period
11660:
11580:
11571:
11541:
11536:
11513:
11511:
11490:
11454:
11354:
11316:
11263:
11217:
11216:
11188:
11177:Russian cosmism
11150:
11146:Western Marxism
11111:New Historicism
11076:Critical theory
11062:
11058:Wittgensteinian
10954:Foundationalism
10887:
10824:
10805:Social contract
10661:Foundationalism
10594:
10576:
10560:Illuminationism
10545:Aristotelianism
10531:
10520:Vishishtadvaita
10473:
10425:
10366:
10333:
10204:
10133:Megarian school
10128:Eretrian school
10069:
10030:Agriculturalism
10007:
9953:
9934:
9881:
9853:
9810:
9762:
9719:
9703:Incompatibilism
9672:
9644:
9596:
9568:
9491:
9480:
9475:
9445:
9440:
9402:
9383:Neo-medievalism
9331:
9267:Itinerant court
9190:
9085:
9006:Georgian Empire
8991:Norman Conquest
8977:
8923:Frankish Empire
8857:
8852:
8822:
8817:
8794:
8773:School of Names
8726:
8721:
8711:
8701:
8691:
8688:Of Grammatology
8681:
8671:
8661:
8651:
8641:
8631:
8621:
8611:
8601:
8591:
8575:
8427:
8373:Semantic holism
8353:Non-cognitivism
8293:Conventionalism
8264:
8011:
8002:
7997:
7967:
7962:
7952:
7950:
7938:
7930:
7891:Aristotelianism
7869:
7718:Dehellenization
7666:
7439:
7435:Foundationalism
7413:
7375:
7332:
7287:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7275:
7271:
7266:
7252:Social teaching
7198:
7193:
7163:
7158:
7136:
7128:
7107:
7090:Relief Services
7056:
7002:Catholic Action
6992:Military orders
6929:Confraternities
6921:of the faithful
6920:
6913:
6735:
6726:
6662:
6568:
6462:
6321:
6313:
6246:Prior, Prioress
6202:
6095:
6091:Vatican Museums
6042:
5975:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5863:
5817:Social teaching
5784:
5723:
5668:
5623:One true church
5587:
5564:Sixtine Vulgate
5560:Official Bible
5474:
5470:
5465:
5453:
5371:
5303:
5248:
5218:Petrine primacy
5161:
5157:
5152:
5144:
5116:
5114:Catholic Church
5111:
5081:
5076:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5044:
4966:World Youth Day
4944:
4933:World Youth Day
4877:Pacem in terris
4871:Pope John XXIII
4810:
4737:
4728:Edict of Nantes
4686:
4682:
4672:
4638:Teresa of Ávila
4633:Tridentine Mass
4569:
4565:
4556:
4537:Knights Templar
4491:
4393:
4349:Gregorian chant
4307:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4214:
4202:
4129:
3998:
3986:
3978:
3845:
3843:Catholic Church
3836:
3806:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3771:
3714:
3654:
3650:Cesar Cremonini
3606:Albertus Magnus
3583:
3563:
3512:
3428:
3384:Physiognomonics
3379:On Things Heard
3374:On the Universe
3335:
3319:
3277:Parva Naturalia
3271:
3250:
3236:Eudemian Ethics
3216:
3200:
3162:
3124:
3105:Prior Analytics
3072:
2996:Rational animal
2857:
2831:
2829:Aristotelianism
2826:
2788:
2785:by James Hannam
2743:"Scholasticism"
2725:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2686:
2677:This article's
2673:
2669:
2662:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2620:
2614:
2597:
2584:
2571:
2558:
2552:
2539:
2531:
2529:Further reading
2521:
2498:
2413:
2390:
2385:
2379:van Asselt 2011
2377:
2373:
2367:van Asselt 2011
2365:
2361:
2355:van Asselt 2011
2353:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2318:
2304:
2300:
2285:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
1982:
1978:
1963:
1947:
1943:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1838:, p. 10: "
1834:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1800:
1799:
1790:
1774:
1770:
1759:
1755:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1724:Perseus Project
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1649:
1645:
1637:Grant, Edward.
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1588:
1584:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1531:
1527:
1519:Grant, Edward.
1518:
1514:
1506:Patte, Daniel.
1505:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1414:
1343:
1300:
1280:
1224:
1222:Battista Mondin
1201:Dominican Order
1193:
1181:
1175:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1092:Albertus Magnus
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
975:
973:Albertus Magnus
970:
966:
959:
941:More recently,
832:Adelard of Bath
828:James of Venice
722:
721:
720:
719:
718:
713:
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
688:
664:
605:
543:Albertus Magnus
505:and to resolve
428:Aristotelianism
409:
369:
359:
357:
350:
349:
298:Dominican Order
293:Aristotelianism
281:
273:
272:
243:Albertus Magnus
208:
200:
199:
170:
162:
161:
115:
107:
106:
87:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12840:
12830:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12812:Trinitarianism
12809:
12807:Thomas Aquinas
12804:
12799:
12794:
12789:
12784:
12767:
12766:
12764:
12763:
12761:Westernization
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12741:Visegrád Group
12738:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12708:
12703:
12698:
12693:
12688:
12683:
12681:Nordic Council
12678:
12673:
12668:
12663:
12658:
12653:
12648:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12576:Bucharest Nine
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12541:Arctic Council
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12512:
12510:
12504:
12503:
12501:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12489:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12453:
12448:
12447:
12446:
12436:
12430:
12428:
12422:
12421:
12419:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12407:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12391:
12386:
12385:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12339:
12338:
12337:
12336:
12335:
12325:
12324:
12323:
12318:
12317:
12316:
12306:
12305:
12304:
12294:
12293:
12292:
12267:
12265:
12259:
12258:
12256:
12255:
12254:
12253:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12232:
12231:
12219:
12218:
12217:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12182:
12177:
12176:
12175:
12170:
12160:
12159:
12158:
12151:Existentialism
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12102:
12100:
12094:
12093:
12091:
12090:
12089:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12051:
12050:
12049:
12044:
12034:
12033:
12032:
12022:
12017:
12016:
12015:
12010:
12005:
11995:
11994:
11993:
11983:
11982:
11981:
11971:
11970:
11969:
11964:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11938:
11937:
11927:
11922:
11921:
11920:
11910:
11909:
11908:
11898:
11897:
11896:
11886:
11881:
11880:
11879:
11869:
11864:
11863:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11841:
11839:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11829:
11828:
11827:
11822:
11812:
11811:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11715:
11710:
11709:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11688:
11687:
11686:
11684:Late antiquity
11676:
11670:
11668:
11662:
11661:
11659:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11637:
11636:
11635:
11634:
11629:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11599:
11594:
11588:
11586:
11582:
11581:
11570:
11569:
11562:
11555:
11547:
11538:
11537:
11535:
11534:
11522:
11507:
11504:
11503:
11500:
11499:
11496:
11495:
11492:
11491:
11489:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11462:
11460:
11456:
11455:
11453:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11386:
11385:
11375:
11370:
11364:
11362:
11356:
11355:
11353:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11326:
11324:
11322:Middle Eastern
11318:
11317:
11315:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11284:
11279:
11273:
11271:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11240:
11238:
11229:
11219:
11218:
11215:
11214:
11210:
11202:
11201:
11198:
11197:
11194:
11193:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11186:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11158:
11156:
11152:
11151:
11149:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11086:Existentialism
11083:
11081:Deconstruction
11078:
11072:
11070:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10914:Applied ethics
10910:
10908:
10899:
10893:
10892:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10885:
10880:
10878:Nietzscheanism
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10849:
10848:
10838:
10832:
10830:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10820:Utilitarianism
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10721:
10720:
10718:Transcendental
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10656:Existentialism
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10612:
10606:
10600:
10599:
10596:
10595:
10593:
10592:
10586:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10575:
10574:
10569:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10547:
10541:
10539:
10533:
10532:
10530:
10529:
10524:
10523:
10522:
10517:
10512:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10481:
10479:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10451:
10446:
10444:Augustinianism
10441:
10435:
10433:
10427:
10426:
10424:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10387:
10385:
10378:
10372:
10371:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10364:
10359:
10357:Zoroastrianism
10354:
10349:
10343:
10341:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10331:
10330:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10279:
10278:
10277:
10272:
10262:
10261:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10214:
10212:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10202:
10200:Church Fathers
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10171:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10114:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10082:
10080:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10026:
10024:
10015:
10009:
10008:
10006:
10005:
10004:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9973:
9967:
9965:
9955:
9954:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9936:
9935:
9933:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9891:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9863:
9861:
9855:
9854:
9852:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9820:
9818:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9772:
9770:
9764:
9763:
9761:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9729:
9727:
9721:
9720:
9718:
9717:
9715:Libertarianism
9712:
9711:
9710:
9700:
9699:
9698:
9688:
9682:
9680:
9674:
9673:
9671:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9654:
9652:
9646:
9645:
9643:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9606:
9604:
9598:
9597:
9595:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9578:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9519:Metaphilosophy
9516:
9511:
9505:
9503:
9493:
9492:
9482:
9481:
9474:
9473:
9466:
9459:
9451:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9428:
9418:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9378:Misconceptions
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9339:
9337:
9333:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9198:
9196:
9192:
9191:
9189:
9188:
9186:Little Ice Age
9183:
9182:
9181:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9139:Western Schism
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9095:
9093:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8987:
8985:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8904:
8903:
8893:
8888:
8886:Late antiquity
8883:
8878:
8873:
8867:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8851:
8850:
8843:
8836:
8828:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8793:
8792:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8724:
8714:
8704:
8694:
8684:
8674:
8664:
8654:
8644:
8634:
8624:
8614:
8604:
8594:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8573:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8524:Presupposition
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8435:
8433:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8303:Deconstruction
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8274:
8272:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8021:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8007:
8004:
8003:
7996:
7995:
7988:
7981:
7973:
7964:
7963:
7961:
7960:
7948:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7851:
7850:
7845:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7793:Pascal's wager
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7753:Guardian angel
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7674:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7453:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7421:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7385:
7383:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7342:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7308:Augustinianism
7304:
7302:
7293:
7289:
7288:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7217:Divine command
7214:
7208:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7192:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7169:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7146:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7108:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:Legion of Mary
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6966:Lay Carmelites
6963:
6953:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6925:
6923:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6814:Conceptionists
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6749:Assumptionists
6745:
6743:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6678:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6582:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6472:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6451:Syro-Malankara
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6401:Italo-Albanian
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6255:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6219:
6212:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6110:
6108:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6071:Lateran Treaty
6068:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6011:
5997:
5992:
5983:
5981:
5966:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5807:Moral theology
5804:
5798:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5733:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5597:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5571:
5566:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5490:
5488:
5481:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5392:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5322:Pope Gregory I
5319:
5313:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5294:Biblical canon
5291:
5289:Late antiquity
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5225:Church fathers
5222:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5177:
5175:
5166:
5159:Ecclesiastical
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5110:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5087:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5062:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4873:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4854:Lateran Treaty
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4679:Baroque period
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4648:Peter Canisius
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:Francis Xavier
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4587:Exsurge Domine
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4527:Pope Clement V
4524:
4523:
4522:
4520:Avignon Papacy
4515:Western Schism
4512:
4507:
4505:Thomas Aquinas
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4359:Saint Boniface
4356:
4351:
4346:
4344:Pope Gregory I
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Biblical canon
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4237:
4235:
4216:
4212:Late antiquity
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Pope Clement I
4149:Church Fathers
4146:
4140:
4138:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4005:
4003:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3910:Biblical canon
3905:Catholic Bible
3902:
3901:
3900:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3835:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3787:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3762:Views on women
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3723:Related topics
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3635:Peter of Spain
3632:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3611:Thomas Aquinas
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3488:Aristo of Ceos
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3341:Pseudepigrapha
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:On the Heavens
3140:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2875:Antiperistasis
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2752:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2681:external links
2676:
2674:
2667:
2661:
2660:External links
2658:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2595:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2556:
2550:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2502:
2496:
2483:
2476:
2462:
2455:
2438:
2428:(5): 356–366.
2417:
2411:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2331:
2316:
2298:
2283:
2253:
2246:
2228:
2196:
2184:
2168:
2142:
2115:
2085:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2042:
2029:
2017:
1996:(2): 331–364.
1976:
1961:
1941:
1926:
1919:
1897:Adamson, Peter
1888:
1886:, p. 356.
1876:
1864:
1852:
1825:
1788:
1768:
1753:
1737:
1728:
1668:
1661:
1643:
1630:
1582:
1579:(Online). n.d.
1562:
1525:
1512:
1496:
1487:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1342:
1339:
1299:
1296:
1292:David Oderberg
1279:
1276:
1264:Étienne Gilson
1233:Cornelio Fabro
1192:
1189:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1148:Main article:
1145:
1142:
1137:Main article:
1134:
1131:
1126:Main article:
1123:
1120:
1115:Main article:
1112:
1109:
1096:Thomas Aquinas
1013:
1006:
1005:
999:
992:
991:
987:Thomas Aquinas
985:
978:
977:
971:
964:
963:
962:
961:
960:
958:
955:
909:Anselm of Laon
757:Frankish court
742:Alcuin of York
714:
707:
706:
700:
693:
692:
691:
690:
689:
687:
684:
663:
660:
604:
601:
597:Luis de Molina
559:Thomas Aquinas
507:contradictions
468:modern science
456:Latin Catholic
432:Ten Categories
411:
410:
408:
407:
400:
393:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
367:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
264:
258:
252:
251:("The Master")
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
213:Thomas Aquinas
209:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
190:Alcuin of York
187:
185:Pope Gregory I
182:
177:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
152:
149:Opus Oxoniense
145:
138:
131:
124:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
81:
80:
70:
69:
63:
62:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12839:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12782:Scholasticism
12780:
12779:
12777:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12754:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12706:PROSUR/PROSUL
12704:
12702:
12699:
12697:
12694:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12652:
12649:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12634:
12632:
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12601:Craiova Group
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12516:ABCANZ Armies
12514:
12513:
12511:
12505:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12458:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12445:
12442:
12441:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12431:
12429:
12427:
12423:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12392:
12390:
12387:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12344:
12343:
12340:
12334:
12331:
12330:
12329:
12326:
12322:
12321:Protestantism
12319:
12315:
12312:
12311:
12310:
12307:
12303:
12300:
12299:
12298:
12295:
12291:
12287:
12284:
12283:
12282:
12279:
12278:
12277:
12274:
12273:
12272:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12264:
12260:
12252:
12249:
12248:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12241:Sovereigntism
12239:
12237:
12234:
12230:
12229:
12225:
12224:
12223:
12220:
12216:
12213:
12212:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12161:
12157:
12154:
12153:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12136:Scholasticism
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12103:
12101:
12099:
12095:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12068:
12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12056:
12055:
12052:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12035:
12031:
12028:
12027:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
12000:
11999:
11996:
11992:
11989:
11988:
11987:
11984:
11980:
11977:
11976:
11975:
11972:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11959:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11936:
11933:
11932:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11919:
11916:
11915:
11914:
11911:
11907:
11904:
11903:
11902:
11899:
11895:
11892:
11891:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11878:
11875:
11874:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11847:
11846:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11838:
11834:
11826:
11825:War on terror
11823:
11821:
11818:
11817:
11816:
11813:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11720:
11719:
11718:Modern period
11716:
11714:
11711:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11693:
11692:
11689:
11685:
11682:
11681:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11667:
11663:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11624:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11604:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11589:
11587:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11574:Western world
11568:
11563:
11561:
11556:
11554:
11549:
11548:
11545:
11533:
11532:
11523:
11521:
11520:
11509:
11508:
11505:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11459:Miscellaneous
11457:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11384:
11381:
11380:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11371:
11369:
11366:
11365:
11363:
11361:
11357:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11323:
11319:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11280:
11278:
11275:
11274:
11272:
11270:
11266:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11241:
11239:
11237:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11224:
11220:
11212:
11211:
11207:
11203:
11185:
11184:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11159:
11157:
11155:Miscellaneous
11153:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11141:Structuralism
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11126:Postmodernism
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11116:Phenomenology
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11073:
11071:
11069:
11065:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11053:Vienna Circle
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10983:Moral realism
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10911:
10909:
10907:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10894:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10847:
10844:
10843:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10827:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10785:Phenomenology
10783:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10725:Individualism
10723:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10682:
10679:
10678:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10601:
10591:
10590:Judeo-Islamic
10588:
10587:
10585:
10583:
10579:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10567:
10566:ʿIlm al-Kalām
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10542:
10540:
10538:
10534:
10528:
10525:
10521:
10518:
10516:
10515:Shuddhadvaita
10513:
10511:
10508:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10486:
10483:
10482:
10480:
10476:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10449:Scholasticism
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10436:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10388:
10386:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10373:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10340:
10336:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10284:
10283:
10280:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10263:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10213:
10211:
10207:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10084:
10083:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10072:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10056:
10053:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10027:
10025:
10023:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10010:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9978:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9968:
9966:
9964:
9960:
9956:
9949:
9945:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9900:Conceptualism
9898:
9896:
9893:
9892:
9890:
9888:
9884:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9864:
9862:
9860:
9856:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9829:Particularism
9827:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9819:
9817:
9813:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9796:Functionalism
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9781:Eliminativism
9779:
9777:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9769:
9765:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9726:
9722:
9716:
9713:
9709:
9706:
9705:
9704:
9701:
9697:
9694:
9693:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9686:Compatibilism
9684:
9683:
9681:
9679:
9675:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9655:
9653:
9651:
9647:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9625:Particularism
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9603:
9599:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9571:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9502:
9498:
9494:
9487:
9483:
9479:
9472:
9467:
9465:
9460:
9458:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9437:
9429:
9427:
9419:
9417:
9413:
9409:
9408:
9405:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9334:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9193:
9187:
9184:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9092:
9088:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9046:Scholasticism
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8908:Rise of Islam
8906:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8864:
8860:
8856:
8849:
8844:
8842:
8837:
8835:
8830:
8829:
8826:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8797:
8791:
8788:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8768:Scholasticism
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8733:
8729:
8720:
8719:
8715:
8710:
8709:
8705:
8700:
8699:
8695:
8690:
8689:
8685:
8680:
8679:
8675:
8670:
8669:
8665:
8660:
8659:
8655:
8650:
8649:
8645:
8639:
8635:
8630:
8629:
8625:
8620:
8619:
8615:
8610:
8609:
8605:
8600:
8599:
8595:
8590:
8589:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8578:
8572:
8571:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8430:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8408:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8383:Structuralism
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8308:Descriptivism
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8288:Contrastivism
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8267:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8001:
7994:
7989:
7987:
7982:
7980:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7959:
7949:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7936:
7933:
7927:
7926:Phenomenology
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7823:Rota Fortunae
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7783:Occam's razor
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7763:Head of a pin
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7678:Actus Essendi
7676:
7675:
7673:
7669:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7512:Chateaubriand
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7446:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7399:Conceptualism
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7313:Scholasticism
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7294:
7290:
7263:
7262:Virtue ethics
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7247:Seven virtues
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7190:
7185:
7183:
7178:
7176:
7171:
7170:
7167:
7155:
7147:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7085:Home Missions
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6978:Saint Francis
6976:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6961:Saint Dominic
6959:
6958:
6957:
6954:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6916:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:Bethlehemites
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6733:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6696:Vatican Radio
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6681:Vatican Media
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:List of popes
5974:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5941:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5762:Mother of God
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5647:People of God
5645:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5636:
5635:Infallibility
5633:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5511:Body and soul
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5469:
5464:
5460:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5414:Enlightenment
5412:
5410:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5385:Protestantism
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5362:Scholasticism
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Schism (1378)
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5332:Schism (1054)
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5096:
5094:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:Mother Teresa
4911:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Pope Pius XII
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4805:Rerum novarum
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:Pope Leo XIII
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:United States
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:Pope Pius VII
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Scholasticism
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4407:Pope Urban II
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Justin Martyr
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4093:New Testament
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Commissioning
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:Apostolic Age
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3886:Papal primacy
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3768:
3767:Wheel paradox
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Trendelenburg
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:Peter Lombard
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3593:Scholasticism
3590:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3483:Lyco of Troas
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3424:Magna Moralia
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Virtue ethics
3061:
3059:
3058:Unmoved mover
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:Scholasticism
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2756:Scholasticism
2753:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2712:
2702:
2698:
2697:inappropriate
2694:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2651:0-85364-853-0
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:0-631-21672-3
2471:
2467:
2463:
2461:, Brill 2000.
2460:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2380:
2375:
2369:, p. 60.
2368:
2363:
2357:, p. 59.
2356:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2317:9789004111240
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2284:9781003125860
2280:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2193:
2192:GIACON, Carlo
2188:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2052:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2025:Lindberg 1978
2021:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1962:0-8132-1925-6
1958:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1860:Lindberg 1978
1856:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1714:Scott, Robert
1711:
1707:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1404:) or denied (
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:Disputationes
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:Anthony Kenny
1285:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1252:actus essendi
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1002:
988:
974:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
935:
930:
929:Peter Lombard
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
900:
893:
892:
886:
882:
878:
873:
868:
864:
863:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
826:in Italy and
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
789:Peter Abelard
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
746:scholasticism
743:
739:
738:Peter of Pisa
736:, advised by
735:
731:
727:
717:
716:Peter Abelard
703:
683:
681:
678:, especially
677:
673:
669:
659:
657:
653:
649:
647:
635:
633:
622:
618:
616:
610:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:Peter Abelard
532:
528:
524:
520:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:Scholasticism
406:
401:
399:
394:
392:
387:
386:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
366:
356:
355:
354:
353:
346:
343:
341:
340:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
288:
284:
283:
277:
276:
268:
267:Peter Abelard
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:Peter Lombard
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
204:
203:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
157:
153:
151:
150:
146:
144:
143:
142:Summa logicae
139:
137:
136:
132:
130:
129:
128:Cur Deus Homo
125:
123:
122:
118:
117:
111:
110:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
83:
82:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:Scholasticism
65:
64:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
12751:Western Bloc
12551:AUSCANNZUKUS
12507:Contemporary
12456:Human rights
12302:Latin Church
12276:Christianity
12226:
12185:Conservatism
12135:
12030:contemporary
11867:Architecture
11803:World War II
11763:Emancipation
11758:Abolitionism
11646:Romanization
11641:Roman legacy
11622:Roman Empire
11524:
11510:
11181:
11172:Postcritique
11162:Kyoto School
11121:Posthumanism
11101:Hermeneutics
10956: /
10897:Contemporary
10873:Newtonianism
10836:Cartesianism
10795:Reductionism
10631:Conservatism
10626:Collectivism
10564:
10448:
10292:Sarvāstivadā
10270:Anekantavada
10195:Neoplatonism
10163:Epicureanism
10096:Pythagoreans
10035:Confucianism
10001:Contemporary
9991:Early modern
9895:Anti-realism
9849:Universalism
9806:Subjectivism
9602:Epistemology
9207:Architecture
9179:Great Famine
9169:Universities
9109:Hussite Wars
9045:
9026:Great Schism
8913:Papal States
8767:
8716:
8706:
8696:
8686:
8676:
8666:
8656:
8646:
8626:
8616:
8606:
8596:
8586:
8568:
8509:Metalanguage
8504:Logical form
8459:Truth-bearer
8418:Unilalianism
8328:Expressivism
8155:Wittgenstein
8100:von Humboldt
8017:Philosophers
7896:Neoplatonism
7818:Ressentiment
7813:Quinque viae
7778:Memento mori
7738:Double truth
7683:Actus primus
7449:Philosophers
7356:Cartesianism
7312:
7124:Universities
6956:Third orders
6919:Associations
6909:Visitandines
6904:Trinitarians
6854:Mercedarians
6839:Hieronymites
6784:Camaldoleses
6769:Benedictines
6759:Augustinians
6719:
6712:
6705:
6686:Vatican News
6640:Distinctions
6446:Syro-Malabar
6331:Latin Church
6253:Grand master
6151:Metropolitan
6048:Vatican City
5943:Organisation
5822:Philosophers
5687:Confirmation
5664:In canon law
5658:Subsistit in
5656:
5652:Three states
5639:
5600:
5593:Ecclesiology
5575:Nova Vulgata
5573:
5531:Original sin
5526:Nicene Creed
5516:Divine grace
5475:
5361:
5357:Universities
5327:Papal States
5254:Great Church
5196:Resurrection
5173:Early Church
5027:
5023:Pope Francis
4949:21st century
4898:Pope Paul VI
4875:
4863:
4816:20th century
4803:
4754:Pope Pius IX
4742:19th century
4718:Pope Pius VI
4585:
4457:Latin Empire
4431:
4427:Universities
4379:Pope Leo III
4246:Christianity
4231:state church
4223:Great Church
4024:Resurrection
3987:(30–325/476)
3984:Early Church
3969:Latin Church
3964:Papal States
3959:Vatican City
3747:Neoplatonism
3592:
3473:Theophrastus
3331:Protrepticus
3224:and politics
3035:
3022:
3018:hypokeimenon
3016:
3000:
2983:
2966:
2959:
2947:
2943:Hylomorphism
2935:
2913:
2892:
2880:
2873:
2755:
2746:
2715:
2706:
2691:by removing
2678:
2641:
2622:
2601:
2591:the original
2560:
2541:
2506:
2487:
2479:
2465:
2458:
2441:
2425:
2421:
2402:
2398:
2374:
2362:
2350:
2342:
2307:
2301:
2263:
2256:
2237:
2231:
2221:25 September
2219:. Retrieved
2215:the original
2210:
2199:
2187:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:the original
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2094:Edward Feser
2088:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2020:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1951:
1944:
1929:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1884:Clagett 1982
1879:
1855:
1816:. Retrieved
1805:
1781:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1740:
1731:
1717:
1686:
1683:"scholastic"
1671:
1652:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1601:
1595:
1585:
1574:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1507:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1419:Actus primus
1417:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1326:philological
1311:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1281:
1257:
1251:
1217:
1214:Edward Feser
1206:
1194:
1182:
1164:
1081:
1073:Peter Auriol
1040:Universities
1038:
1033:Edward Grant
1022:
940:
932:
872:integumentum
860:
846:
844:into Latin.
839:
808:Muslim Spain
797:
750:
745:
723:
680:Jewish Kalam
672:Ilm al-Kalām
665:
656:Scholasticus
655:
643:
632:scholastikos
629:
615:scholasticus
612:
606:
580:
573:Santa Sabina
568:
562:
526:
523:Neoplatonism
521:but also of
515:
496:
415:
414:
337:
323:Neoplatonism
285:
207:Philosophers
154:
147:
140:
133:
126:
119:
66:
43:
12691:Open Balkan
12509:integration
12439:Rule of law
12434:Natural law
12411:Agnosticism
12389:Hellenistic
12367:Anglo-Saxon
12297:Catholicism
12236:Atlanticism
12141:Rationalism
11947:Immigration
11930:Esotericism
11788:World War I
11753:Romanticism
11733:Reformation
11713:Renaissance
11691:Middle Ages
11656:Christendom
11585:Foundations
11167:Objectivism
11106:Neo-Marxism
11068:Continental
10978:Meta-ethics
10958:Coherentism
10863:Hegelianism
10800:Rationalism
10760:Natural law
10740:Materialism
10666:Historicism
10636:Determinism
10527:Navya-Nyāya
10302:Sautrāntika
10297:Pudgalavada
10233:Vaisheshika
10086:Presocratic
9986:Renaissance
9925:Physicalism
9910:Materialism
9816:Normativity
9801:Objectivism
9786:Emergentism
9776:Behaviorism
9725:Metaphysics
9691:Determinism
9630:Rationalism
9436:WikiProject
9363:Medievalism
9202:Agriculture
9066:Manorialism
9061:Communalism
9056:Monasticism
8973:Reconquista
8963:Kievan Rus'
8753:Linguistics
8718:Limited Inc
8638:On Denoting
8464:Proposition
8115:de Saussure
8080:Ibn Khaldun
7916:Rationalism
7911:Renaissance
7843:Augustinian
7728:Disputation
7723:Differentia
7688:Actus purus
7592:Malebranche
7507:Bonaventure
7242:Personalism
7237:Natural law
7232:Probabilism
7114:Health care
7100:Pax Christi
7052:Schoenstatt
7017:Sant'Egidio
6849:Legionaries
6829:Franciscans
6804:Cistercians
6799:Carthusians
6754:Annonciades
6613:Altarpieces
6506:West Syriac
6501:East Syriac
6481:Alexandrian
6105:Holy orders
6086:Swiss Guard
6026:Dicasteries
6021:Roman Curia
5919:Evangelists
5877:Holy Family
5812:Personalism
5802:Natural law
5780:Josephology
5714:Holy orders
5352:Inquisition
5309:Middle Ages
5299:Monasticism
5267:Constantine
5191:Crucifixion
5029:Laudato si'
4824:Pope Pius X
4653:Philip Neri
4628:Pope Pius V
4603:Thomas More
4472:Inquisition
4374:Charlemagne
4334:Monasticism
4144:Persecution
4036:Holy Spirit
4019:Crucifixion
3898:First seven
3623:Duns Scotus
3463:Dicaearchus
3453:Aristoxenus
3212:Metaphysics
3205:Metaphysics
3191:Progression
3158:On the Soul
3153:Meteorology
2955:Magnanimity
2921:Four causes
2789:(in German)
2709:August 2024
2457:Fryde, E.,
2388:Works cited
2161:5 September
1704:σχολαστικός
1571:"Schoolmen"
1383:quaestiones
1363:quaestiones
1225: [
1100:Neoplatonic
1069:Duns Scotus
1057:Bonaventure
1045:Franciscans
1001:Duns Scotus
899:Dragmaticon
812:Reconquista
800:rediscovery
734:Charlemagne
625:σχολαστικός
589:Roger Bacon
555:Bonaventure
547:Duns Scotus
511:disputation
460:trinitarian
452:prime mover
448:metaphysics
255:Bonaventure
219:Duns Scotus
114:Major works
18:Scholastics
12776:Categories
12711:Rio Treaty
12222:Relativism
12180:Liberalism
12146:Empiricism
12098:Philosophy
12086:Secularism
12037:Philosophy
11974:Literature
11768:Capitalism
11466:Amerindian
11373:Australian
11312:Vietnamese
11292:Indonesian
10841:Kantianism
10790:Positivism
10780:Pragmatism
10755:Naturalism
10735:Liberalism
10713:Subjective
10651:Empiricism
10555:Avicennism
10500:Bhedabheda
10384:East Asian
10307:Madhyamaka
10287:Abhidharma
10153:Pyrrhonism
9920:Nominalism
9915:Naturalism
9844:Skepticism
9834:Relativism
9824:Absolutism
9753:Naturalism
9663:Deontology
9635:Skepticism
9620:Naturalism
9610:Empiricism
9574:Aesthetics
9478:Philosophy
9358:Land terms
9312:Technology
9292:Philosophy
9272:Literature
9237:Demography
8938:Viking Age
8813:Discussion
8808:Task Force
8758:Pragmatics
8549:Speech act
8479:Categories
8393:Symbiosism
8348:Nominalism
8260:Watzlawick
8140:Bloomfield
8060:Chrysippus
7921:Empiricism
7743:Evil demon
7517:Chesterton
7394:Nominalism
7381:Universals
7222:Just price
6869:Oratorians
6824:Dominicans
6794:Carmelites
6789:Camillians
6737:institutes
6550:Tridentine
6486:Antiochian
6406:Macedonian
6351:Belarusian
6241:Provincial
6156:Archbishop
6076:Roman Rota
6038:Properties
5963:By country
5959:Precedence
5924:Confessors
5904:Archangels
5894:Patriarchs
5794:Philosophy
5772:Veneration
5737:Assumption
5707:Last rites
5674:Sacraments
5618:Four marks
5429:Vatican II
5377:Modern era
5213:Succession
4902:coronation
4608:Pope Leo X
4193:Tertullian
4123:Revelation
4098:Background
3705:Hursthouse
3579:Maimonides
3545:Avicennism
3196:Generation
3168:On Animals
3095:Categories
2915:Eudaimonia
2247:0754634388
1971:1303318773
1836:Toman 2007
1750:1438109075
1466:References
1445:Nominalism
1371:questiones
1355:meditation
1322:dialectics
1318:sententiae
1220:(2002) by
1167:Calvinists
1084:St Dominic
1049:Dominicans
781:Canterbury
472:philosophy
318:Empiricism
287:Philosophy
169:Precursors
39:Scholarism
32:Scholastic
12656:Five Eyes
12651:EU–UK TCA
12493:Democracy
12382:Old Norse
12271:Abrahamic
12228:Peritrope
12210:Tolerance
12190:Socialism
12020:Mythology
12008:Classical
11957:Languages
11935:Astrology
11783:Modernism
11597:Old World
11345:Pakistani
11307:Taiwanese
11254:Ethiopian
11227:By region
11213:By region
11028:Scientism
11023:Systemics
10883:Spinozism
10810:Socialism
10745:Modernism
10708:Objective
10616:Anarchism
10550:Averroism
10439:Christian
10391:Neotaoism
10362:Zurvanism
10352:Mithraism
10347:Mazdakism
10118:Cyrenaics
10045:Logicians
9678:Free will
9640:Solipsism
9587:Formalism
9343:Dark Ages
9252:Household
9247:Hastilude
9016:Feudalism
8790:Semiotics
8778:Semantics
8628:Alciphron
8564:Statement
8499:Intension
8439:Ambiguity
8318:Dramatism
8298:Cratylism
8050:Eubulides
8045:Aristotle
8025:Confucius
7886:Platonism
7860:Univocity
7758:Haecceity
7637:Ratzinger
7602:Montaigne
7582:MacIntyre
7537:Dionysius
7532:Descartes
7492:Augustine
7346:Salamanca
7110:See also:
7062:Charities
6971:Discalced
6899:Trappists
6894:Theatines
6864:Olivetans
6809:Clarisses
6779:Blue nuns
6764:Basilians
6741:societies
6649:See also:
6535:Mozarabic
6525:Ambrosian
6511:Malankara
6496:Byzantine
6456:Ukrainian
6431:Ruthenian
6396:Hungarian
6381:Ethiopian
6356:Bulgarian
6323:sui iuris
6307:Postulant
6216:Religious
6171:Auxiliary
6166:Coadjutor
6136:Patriarch
6004:Cardinals
5951:Canon law
5947:Hierarchy
5929:Disciples
5852:Relations
5840:Evolution
5831:See also:
5776:See also:
5729:Mariology
5719:Matrimony
5692:Eucharist
5613:Ecumenism
5541:Salvation
5477:Catechism
5472:Tradition
5434:Communism
5282:Chalcedon
4918:Communism
4888:Ecumenism
4234:(380–451)
4226:(180–451)
4215:(313–476)
4137:(100–325)
3740:Platonism
3695:MacIntyre
3557:Averroism
3535:Al-Farabi
3493:Critolaus
3437:Followers
3414:Economics
3394:Mechanics
3359:On Plants
3354:On Colors
3349:On Breath
3300:On Dreams
3290:On Memory
3053:Haecceity
3031:Syllogism
3002:Phronesis
2894:Catharsis
2843:Aristotle
2693:excessive
2579:Secondary
2293:244179976
2135:21 August
2108:2 January
2012:163903902
1618:0026-8232
1538:Augustine
1430:Casuistry
1367:meditatio
1351:meditatio
1237:Tomas Tyn
1061:Augustine
934:Sentences
917:dialectic
877:heretical
851:produced
603:Etymology
581:Angelicum
527:Schoolmen
519:Aristotle
503:inference
458:dogmatic
454:with the
12716:Schengen
12646:Eurozone
12486:Property
12481:Religion
12372:Frankish
12362:Germanic
12342:Paganism
12263:Religion
12251:European
12163:Humanism
12066:Religion
12025:Painting
11991:Internet
11942:Folklore
11913:Clothing
11884:Calendar
11860:Cyrillic
11845:Alphabet
11808:Cold War
11531:Category
11486:Yugoslav
11476:Romanian
11383:Scottish
11368:American
11297:Japanese
11277:Buddhist
11259:Africana
11249:Egyptian
11091:Feminist
11013:Rawlsian
11008:Quietism
10906:Analytic
10858:Krausism
10765:Nihilism
10730:Kokugaku
10693:Absolute
10688:Idealism
10676:Humanism
10464:Occamism
10431:European
10376:Medieval
10322:Yogacara
10282:Buddhist
10275:Syādvāda
10158:Stoicism
10123:Cynicism
10111:Sophists
10106:Atomists
10101:Eleatics
10040:Legalism
9981:Medieval
9905:Idealism
9859:Ontology
9839:Nihilism
9743:Idealism
9501:Branches
9490:Branches
9426:Category
9393:Timeline
9282:Minstrel
9277:Medicine
9159:Chivalry
9114:Burgundy
9036:Crusades
8803:Category
8763:Rhetoric
8588:Cratylus
8559:Sentence
8534:Property
8454:Language
8432:Concepts
8270:Theories
8235:Strawson
8220:Davidson
8210:Hintikka
8205:Anscombe
8150:Vygotsky
8105:Mauthner
8075:Averroes
8065:Zhuangzi
8055:Diodorus
8035:Cratylus
7848:Irenaean
7838:Theodicy
7808:Quiddity
7671:Concepts
7597:Maritain
7567:Krasicki
7557:Gassendi
7547:Eriugena
7502:Boethius
7477:Anscombe
7467:Albertus
7361:Molinism
7328:Occamism
7300:Medieval
7227:Just war
7154:Category
7047:Opus Dei
7032:Scouting
7022:Focolare
6889:Servites
6874:Piarists
6819:Crosiers
6555:Anglican
6491:Armenian
6421:Romanian
6411:Maronite
6386:Georgian
6376:Eritrean
6361:Chaldean
6346:Armenian
6341:Albanian
6222:Superior
6181:Emeritus
6161:Diocesan
6014:Advisers
5973:Holy See
5899:Prophets
5857:Politics
5628:Catholic
5608:Councils
5463:Theology
5342:Crusades
5277:Nicaea I
5208:Apostles
5186:Ministry
5155:Timeline
5135:Glossary
4928:HIV/AIDS
4422:Crusades
4176:Irenaeus
4169:Ignatius
4164:Polycarp
4014:Ministry
4002:(30–100)
3876:Timeline
3785:Category
3710:Nussbaum
3680:Brentano
3552:Averroes
3540:Avicenna
3530:Al-Kindi
3503:Erymneus
3399:Problems
3295:On Sleep
3262:Rhetoric
3241:Politics
3186:Movement
3048:Quiddity
2909:accident
2836:Overview
2397:(2011).
2326:39655867
2180:Treccani
2102:Archived
1899:(2019),
1844:Lanfranc
1779:(1903).
1677:"school"
1546:Plotinus
1542:Boethius
1412:See also
1397:quaestio
1359:quaestio
1105:Averroes
1047:and the
947:Novikoff
841:Elements
773:Lanfranc
767:and the
668:Boethius
484:Portugal
430:and the
420:medieval
237:Averroes
180:Boethius
102:Occamism
59:a series
57:Part of
12561:Benelux
12466:Thought
12416:Atheism
12357:Finnish
12333:Culture
12328:Judaism
12290:Eastern
12286:Western
12281:Culture
12215:Paradox
12081:Decline
12042:Science
11918:History
11906:Studies
11889:Cuisine
11877:Periods
11837:Culture
11666:History
11632:Eastern
11627:Western
11578:culture
11481:Russian
11450:Spanish
11445:Slovene
11435:Maltese
11430:Italian
11410:Finland
11378:British
11360:Western
11350:Turkish
11335:Islamic
11330:Iranian
11282:Chinese
11269:Eastern
11236:African
11183:more...
10868:Marxism
10698:British
10641:Dualism
10537:Islamic
10495:Advaita
10485:Vedanta
10459:Scotism
10454:Thomism
10396:Tiantai
10339:Persian
10327:Tibetan
10317:Śūnyatā
10258:Cārvāka
10248:Ājīvika
10243:Mīmāṃsā
10223:Samkhya
10138:Academy
10091:Ionians
10065:Yangism
10022:Chinese
10013:Ancient
9976:Western
9971:Ancient
9930:Realism
9887:Reality
9877:Process
9758:Realism
9738:Dualism
9733:Atomism
9615:Fideism
9336:Related
9322:Warfare
9317:Theatre
9307:Slavery
9302:Science
9257:Hunting
9222:Cuisine
9195:Culture
9134:Castile
9129:England
8570:more...
8474:Concept
8215:Dummett
8190:Gadamer
8185:Chomsky
8170:Derrida
8160:Russell
8145:Bergson
8130:Tillich
8090:Leibniz
8030:Gorgias
7874:Related
7662:Wojtyła
7642:Scheler
7587:Maistre
7577:Lombard
7562:Isidore
7542:Erasmus
7522:Clement
7487:Aquinas
7457:Abelard
7323:Scotism
7318:Thomism
7292:Schools
7119:Schools
7075:Caritas
6983:Secular
6949:Workers
6844:Jesuits
6630:Museums
6625:Library
6603:Writers
6598:Artists
6578:Culture
6545:Paul VI
6426:Russian
6416:Melkite
6258:Brother
6236:General
6176:Titular
6146:Primate
6124:Eparchy
6114:Diocese
6061:Outline
6000:College
5990:Francis
5934:Virgins
5909:Martyrs
5835:Science
5742:History
5697:Penance
5682:Baptism
5583:Worship
5556:Vulgate
5504:Kingdom
5499:Trinity
5487:General
5242:Primacy
5150:History
5130:Outline
4893:Judaism
4293:Vulgate
4103:Gospels
4078:Stephen
3995:Origins
3915:Vulgate
3851:General
3841:of the
3839:History
3628:Scotism
3616:Thomism
3267:Poetics
3176:History
3138:Physics
3130:Physics
3087:Organon
3015: (
2961:Mimesis
2905:Essence
2751:Online.
2687:Please
2679:use of
2534:Primary
1840:Abelard
1818:21 July
1722:at the
1623:15 June
1550:Proclus
1460:Scotism
1268:Thomism
1209:Thomism
1185:Thomism
943:Leinsle
925:Abelard
921:trivium
883:at the
862:Timaeus
785:England
728:of the
662:History
492:England
280:Related
97:Scotism
92:Thomism
86:Schools
12581:CANZUK
12471:Speech
12399:Slavic
12377:Gothic
12352:Celtic
12347:Baltic
12246:Values
12047:Values
11607:Greece
11440:Polish
11420:German
11415:French
11400:Danish
11390:Canada
11340:Jewish
11302:Korean
11287:Indian
10829:People
10750:Monism
10703:German
10671:Holism
10604:Modern
10582:Jewish
10505:Dvaita
10478:Indian
10401:Huayan
10253:Ajñana
10210:Indian
10075:Greco-
10060:Taoism
10050:Mohism
9996:Modern
9963:By era
9952:By era
9867:Action
9748:Monism
9668:Virtue
9650:Ethics
9416:Portal
9297:Poetry
9124:France
8722:(1988)
8712:(1982)
8702:(1980)
8692:(1967)
8682:(1953)
8672:(1951)
8662:(1936)
8652:(1921)
8642:(1905)
8632:(1732)
8622:(1668)
8612:(1666)
8602:(1660)
8592:(n.d.)
8554:Symbol
8255:Searle
8245:Putnam
8195:Kripke
8180:Austin
8165:Carnap
8110:Ricœur
8095:Herder
8085:Hobbes
7865:Utopia
7657:Suárez
7647:Scotus
7632:Rahner
7622:Pascal
7612:Newman
7552:Ficino
7482:Anselm
7472:Alcuin
7338:Modern
7204:Ethics
6997:Fimcap
6939:Marian
6859:Minims
6591:Marian
6441:Syriac
6436:Slovak
6366:Coptic
6302:Oblate
6297:Master
6292:Novice
6287:Hermit
6275:Sister
6231:Abbess
6198:Deacon
6193:Priest
6188:Parish
6131:Bishop
6101:Polity
5887:Joseph
5869:Saints
5536:Saints
5424:Nazism
4859:Nazism
4681:to the
4288:Jerome
4198:Origen
3881:Papacy
3670:Newman
3663:Modern
3572:Jewish
3222:Ethics
3115:Topics
2985:Philia
2979:Mythos
2853:Lyceum
2648:
2629:
2610:
2567:
2548:
2517:
2494:
2472:
2450:
2434:986212
2432:
2409:
2324:
2314:
2291:
2281:
2244:
2010:
1969:
1959:
1917:
1748:
1659:
1616:
1540:, and
1375:lectio
1347:lectio
1330:auctor
1313:auctor
836:Euclid
793:France
777:Anselm
652:school
646:scholē
557:, and
480:France
418:was a
12736:USMCA
12591:CEFTA
12546:AUKUS
12536:ANZUS
12531:ANZUK
12476:Press
12394:Roman
12059:Sport
12003:Chant
11998:Music
11986:Media
11979:Canon
11925:Dance
11855:Latin
11850:Greek
11696:early
11471:Aztec
11425:Greek
11405:Dutch
11395:Czech
11244:Bantu
10681:Anti-
10228:Nyaya
10218:Hindu
10078:Roman
9872:Event
9514:Logic
9327:Women
9287:Music
9242:Domes
9232:Dance
9119:Milan
8580:Works
8489:Class
8250:Lewis
8240:Quine
8225:Grice
8175:Whorf
8135:Sapir
8120:Frege
8070:Xunzi
8040:Plato
7693:Aevum
7652:Stein
7617:Occam
7572:Llull
7497:Bacon
7462:Adler
7418:Other
7095:CIDSE
6944:Youth
6668:Media
6635:Music
6560:Zaire
6540:Roman
6530:Braga
6520:Latin
6391:Greek
6263:Friar
6227:Abbot
6141:Major
6056:Index
5955:Laity
5521:Dogma
5468:Bible
5444:Islam
5400:Trent
5181:Jesus
5163:Legal
5125:Index
4961:Islam
4229:Roman
4188:Canon
4061:Peter
4009:Jesus
3735:Plato
3700:Smith
3685:Adler
3181:Parts
3078:Works
3037:Telos
3024:ousia
2949:Lexis
2937:Hexis
2882:Arete
2848:Logic
2745:. In
2430:JSTOR
2401:[
2289:S2CID
2008:S2CID
1911:93 ff
1696:σχολή
1604:(4).
1335:logic
1229:]
1065:Plato
913:gloss
857:Plato
639:σχολή
621:Greek
611:word
609:Latin
488:Spain
476:Italy
12696:OSCE
12676:NATO
12621:EFTA
12586:CBSS
12571:BSEC
12461:Life
12013:Folk
11894:Diet
11706:late
11701:high
11617:Rome
11576:and
10572:Sufi
10406:Chan
10265:Jain
10238:Yoga
9768:Mind
9708:Hard
9696:Hard
8539:Sign
8444:Cant
8230:Ryle
8200:Ayer
8125:Boas
7627:Pico
7607:More
7527:Cusa
6620:Folk
6268:Monk
6009:List
5987:Pope
5882:Mary
5011:2023
5006:2019
5001:2016
4996:2013
4991:2011
4986:2008
4981:2005
4976:2002
4971:2000
4938:1995
4108:Acts
4071:Paul
4066:John
4041:Mary
3690:Foot
3324:Lost
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