323:. This model highlights the dynamic between the mother's use of coercive behaviors and the child's counter-application of such behaviors. Coercive behaviors can include actions that are typically punishing, such as whining, yelling, and hitting. Abusive home environments can hinder the development of social cognitive skills necessary for understanding others' intentions. Short-term longitudinal evidence supports the idea that a lack of social cognitive skills mediates the relationship between harsh parental discipline and aggressive behavior in kindergarten. Follow-up studies indicate that the mediating effects persist until third and fourth grade.
456:-like surveillance operation designed to "prevent the worst cases of school violence," has been problematic. Recent developments in early threat assessment, however, show promise. Violence-prevention efforts can also be usefully directed at developing anti-bullying programs, helping teachers with classroom-management strategies, applying behavioral strategies such as the Good Behavior Game, implementing curricular innovations such as the Second Step syllabus, developing programs to strengthen families (see below), and implementing programs aimed at enhancing the social and academic skills of at-risk students (see below).
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445:, and close student supervision. At the elementary school level, the group behavioral intervention known as the Good Behavior Game helps reduce classroom disruption and promotes prosocial classroom interactions. There is some evidence that the Second Step curriculum, which is concerned with promoting impulse control and empathy among second and third graders, produces reductions in physically aggressive behavior. Other school-wide strategies are aimed at reducing or eliminating bullying and organizing the local police to better combat gang violence.
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authority-based interventions towards bullies but seem to neglect to support the victims. Unfortunately, teacher training curricula tend not to include preventive and interventive skills regarding school violence. It has been shown that teachers who set limits and make it clear that previous behavior is in no way acceptable, and also involve the school administration, can reduce problematic behavior. Discussing the issue with the entire class can also lead to positive preventive effects.
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with children, particularly inquiring about their personal experiences, can potentially be distressing and traumatic. Moreover, investigating matters concerning sexual orientation and gender identity within the realm of education, specifically in relation to children, presents additional challenges. In certain contexts, discussing these topics is legally prohibited both within and outside educational institutions. Even in cases where it is legally permissible, addressing
288:, physical abuse, and child sexual abuse all play a role in shaping children's perception of acceptability regarding such activities. Research indicates a correlation between harsh parental discipline and increased levels of aggression in youth. Additionally, exposure to violence on television and, to a lesser extent, violent video games has been linked to heightened aggressiveness in children. These aggressive tendencies can carry over into school environments.
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accessibility. Another option is to rely on existing mechanisms for reporting violent incidents in educational institutions. These mechanisms could be internal to the schools themselves or external, encompassing governmental hotlines, internet-based reporting systems, and involvement from the police and justice sectors. When formulating questions for children, UNESCO argues that it is imperative to use terminology that is easily understandable,
109:, in its broadest sense, can be defined as a form of aggressive behavior characterized by unwelcome and negative actions. It entails a recurring pattern of incidents over time, as opposed to isolated conflicts, and typically manifests in situations where there exists an imbalance of power or strength among the individuals involved. It is important to distinguish bullying from occasional conflicts or disagreements that may arise among peers.
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475:. There is some evidence that such intervention strategies have modest effects on the behavior of children in the short and long term. Patterson's home intervention program involving mothers has been shown to reduce aggressive conduct in children. An important question concerns the extent to which the influence of the program carries over into the child's conduct in school.
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vulnerability carry over to the school environment. Dilapidated housing in the neighbourhood of the school has been found to be associated with school violence. Teacher assault was more likely to occur in schools located in high-crime neighbourhoods. Exposure to deviant peers is a risk factor for high levels of aggressivity. Research has shown that
494:. The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, while developing and implementing a universal anti-aggression component for all elementary school children, also developed and implemented a separate social-skills and academic tutoring component that targets children who are the most at risk for engaging in aggressive behavior.
254:. Internalizing behavior has been found in some cases of youth violence although in some youth, depression is associated with substance abuse. Because they rarely act out, students with internalizing problems are often overlooked by school personnel. Externalizing behaviors refer to delinquent activities, aggression, and
258:. Unlike internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors include, or are directly linked to, violent episodes. Violent behaviors such as punching and kicking are often learned from observing others. Just as externalizing behaviors are observed outside of school, such behaviors also observed in schools.
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carrying over from neighbourhoods into some schools. Alternatively, many children who grow up in violent neighborhoods learn to deliberately find and make "street-oriented" friends as an instrumental tactic used to avoid being victimized. Without the threat of violence, children more commonly develop
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or any other sexual acts against one's will. Violence
Against Children Survey (VACS) defines it as completed non-consensual sex acts (such as rape), attempted non-consensual sex acts, abusive sexual contact (such as unwanted touching), and non-contact sexual abuse (such as threatened sexual violence,
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In many countries, strict regulations govern research involving children due to their status as minors who are unable to provide legal consent. Consequently, obtaining informed consent for a study necessitates the involvement of parents and legal guardians. However, broaching the subject of violence
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One significant question is whether researchers should directly inquire about violence in schools by engaging students in studies or surveys. These methods might involve self-reports from students regarding their personal experiences as victims or perpetrators of violence. Alternatively, researchers
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Recent research has linked the school environment to school violence. Teacher assaults are associated with a higher percentage of the male faculty, a higher proportion of male students, and a higher proportion of students receiving free or reduced cost lunch (an indicator of poverty). In general, a
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According to the Global School-based
Student Health Survey (GSSHS), a physical fight “occurs when two students of about the same strength or power choose to fight each other” and therefore is a form of physical violence between peers. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) does not refer
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with children and young people is regarded as highly sensitive. Considerations of ethical implications arise, as engaging children and young people in discussions regarding their sexual orientation and gender identity in a school setting may lead to embarrassment and expose them to potential stigma
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ratios, and an urban location are related to violence in schools. In students, academic performance is inversely related to antisocial conduct. The research by
Hirschi and others, cited above in the section on the home environment, is also consistent with the view that lack of attachment to school
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indicates that exposure to gun violence in early adolescence is related to the initiation of serious physical violence in later adolescence. Neighbourhood gangs are thought to contribute to dangerous school environments. Gangs use the social environment of the school to recruit members and interact
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of numerous studies on corporal punishment suggests that it leads to unfavorable outcomes for children and young people. The most methodologically sound studies demonstrate a "positive, moderately sized association between parental corporal punishment and children's aggression". Gershoff found that
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encompasses a series of aggressive acts, such as physical assault, injury, kicking, pushing, shoving, confinement, theft of personal belongings, destruction of possessions, or coerced participation in undesirable activities. It is important to note that physical bullying differs from other types of
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is a federal initiative developed in 2013 in response to the growing number of gun related school violence incidents. The initiative will provide funding and resources to schools in an effort to reduce gun violence in schools. Funding will be provided for implementation of school interventions and
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Neighbourhoods and communities provide the context for school violence. Communities with high rates of crime and drug use teach youth the violent behaviors that are carried into schools. Children in violent neighborhoods tend to perceive that their communities are risky, and that these feelings of
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A number of other individual factors are associated with higher levels of aggressiveness. Compared to children whose antisocial conduct begins in adolescence, early starters have a worse prognosis in terms of future aggression and other antisocial activities. Lower IQ seems to be related to higher
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refers to bullying that takes place through electronic means. This can involve receiving mean-spirited instant messages, posts, emails, or text messages, or the creation of websites intended to mock or ridicule a particular student. Additionally, cyber-bullying encompasses the unauthorized capture
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According to UNESCO, these considerations surrounding legal regulations, the potential for distressing children when discussing violence, and the sensitivity surrounding sexual orientation and gender identity underscore the need for researchers to exercise caution and adhere to ethical guidelines
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When assessing the extent of violence within educational settings and understanding the various types of violence experienced by students, several crucial considerations arise. These include determining the sources of data within the school community, specifying the data to be collected from each
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According to the UNESCO report, the decision regarding data collection location is another aspect to consider. Researchers may contemplate gathering data outside of schools, such as through household surveys. Alternatively, online surveys could be employed, taking advantage of students' internet
66:) and carrying weapons to school. The one or more perpetrators typically have more physical, social, and/or psychological power than the victim. It is a widely accepted serious societal problem in recent decades in many countries, especially where weapons such as guns or knives are involved.
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The influence of the home environment on school violence has been a subject of study from the
Constitutional Rights Foundation. According to this foundation, various factors within the home contribute to the acceptance of criminal and violent behavior among children. Long-term exposure to
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Teachers are the professional group who works directly where school bullying takes place and who spends the most time with both bullies, victims and bystanders. Thus, whether and how teachers intervene in the case of bullying is of great importance. Research has shown that teachers prefer
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and online dissemination of unflattering or inappropriate images of a student, as well as hurtful or malicious behavior through mobile phones (such as texts, calls, or video clips) or online platforms (including email, instant messaging, social networking sites, and chatrooms).
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specifically to school-related violence or to violence between peers, as it can occur between a student and “a total stranger, a parent of other adult family member, a brother or sister, a boyfriend or girlfriend or date, a friend or someone known by the student”.
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indicates that children's exposure to community violence during the early elementary school years increases the risk of aggression later in elementary school, as reported by teachers and classmates. Other, well controlled longitudinal research that utilized
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Burger, Christoph; Strohmeier, Dagmar; Spröber, Nina; Bauman, Sheri; Rigby, Ken (2015). "How teachers respond to school bullying: An examination of self-reported intervention strategy use, moderator effects, and concurrent use of multiple strategies".
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Burger, Christoph; Strohmeier, Dagmar; Spröber, Nina; Bauman, Sheri; Rigby, Ken (2015). "How teachers respond to school bullying: An examination of self-reported intervention strategy use, moderator effects, and concurrent use of multiple strategies".
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To mitigate these concerns, UNESCO argues that questions regarding sexual orientation and gender identity should be handled with care and recommends that inquiries be conducted under confidentiality and anonymity, external to the school environment.
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may ask students about instances of violence they have observed as bystanders. Moreover, the choice of administering these questions through self-administered questionnaires or researcher-administered surveys within schools must also be deliberated.
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Dolan, L. J.; Kellam, S. G.; Brown, C. H.; Werthamer-Larsson, L.; Rebok, G. W.; Mayer, L. W.; et al. (1993). "The short-term impact of two classroom-based preventive interventions on aggressive and shy behaviors and poor achievement".
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Hirschi's control theory, proposed in 1969, suggests that children with weak emotional bonds to their parents and school are more likely to engage in delinquent and violent behavior both within and outside of the school setting. Hirschi's
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Anderson, C. A.; Bushman, B. J. (2001). "Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature".
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Not only does physical violence in schools affect its victims, it also affects the witnesses. In elementary schools, young students tend to copy their peers actions in schools, which may lead to more physical harm towards other students.
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training teachers and staff, programs that will support the mental and physical health of students, conflict resolution programs to reduce further school violence, and restoration of school environment after a violent incident.
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is defined as any punishment in which physical force is used against a student and intended to cause some degree of pain or discomfort. This often involves hitting children with a hand or implement, but it can also involve
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Grossman DC, Neckerman HJ, Koepsell TD, Liu PY, Asher KN, Beland K, Frey K, Rivara FP (1997). "Effectiveness of a violence prevention curriculum among children in elementary school: A randomized controlled trial".
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308:= 0.55; on average the mean of corporal punishment group was more than half a standard deviation higher than the mean of the non-punishment group) and slightly smaller effect sizes in elementary school (
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Tremblay, R. E.; Pagani-Kurtz, L.; Mâsse, L. C.; Vitaro, F.; Pihl, R. O. (1995). "A bimodal preventive intervention for disruptive kindergarten boys: Its impact through mid-adolescence".
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is the reduction of violence and incivility, particularly the development of interventions at the level of the school. The CDC suggests schools promote classroom management techniques,
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Dodge, K. A.; Pettit, G. S.; Bates, J. E.; Valente, E. (1995). "Social information processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems".
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the trajectory of mean effect sizes (the size of the effect of corporal punishment on children's problem behavior) was curvilinear with the largest mean effect size in middle school (
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Scheckner, S.; Rollin, S. A.; Kaiser-Ulrey, Cheryl; Wagner, R. (2002). "School
Violence in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of current interventions".
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Bullying prevention programs such as Olweus provides materials for educators that will train them on how to mediate a bullying situation as well as procedures to take if a child is
142:. This form of bullying includes derogatory name-calling, malicious teasing, deliberate exclusion from activities, purposeful neglect or ignorance, and the spread of lies or rumors.
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Weiss, B.; Dodge, K. A.; Bates, J. E.; Pettit, G. S. (1992). "Some consequences of early harsh discipline: Child aggression and a maladaptive social information processing style".
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401:, there are at least four levels at which violence-prevention programs can act: at the level of society in general, the school community, the family, and the individual.
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Patterson, G. R.; Forgatch, M. S.; Yoerger, K. L.; Stoolmiller, M. (1998). "Variables that initiate and maintain an early-onset trajectory for juvenile offending".
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Olweus, D. (1999). The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective. In P. K. Smith, J. Junger-Taqs, D. Olweus, R. Catalano, & P. Slee (Eds.),
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630:. This ensures that the queries are comprehensible and relevant to the target audience, taking into account their developmental stage and cultural context.
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Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention. In D. Pepler & K. Rubin (Eds.),
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According to a UNESCO report on school violence and bullying, research on violence affecting children in schools is challenging for a variety of reasons.
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Limbos, M.A.P.; Casteel, C. (2008). "Schools and neighborhoods: Organizational and environmental factors associated with crime in secondary schools".
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Gershoff, E. T. (2002a). "Corporal punishment by parents and associated child behaviors and experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review".
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Akers, R. L.; Krohn, M. D.; Lanza-Kaduce, L.; Radosevich, M. (1979). "Social learning and deviant behavior: A specific test of a general theory".
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929:"School bullying is not a conflict: The interplay between conflict management styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment"
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levels of aggression. Other findings indicate that motor, attention, and reading problems predict later persistent antisocial conduct in boys.
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Cornell, Dewey; Allen, Korrie (2011). "Development, Evaluation, and Future
Directions of the Virginia Student Threat Assessment Guidelines".
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aim to change social and cultural conditions in order to reduce violence regardless of where the violence occurs. Examples include reducing
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Wiesner, M.; Windle, M. (2004). "Assessing covariates of adolescent delinquency trajectories: A latent growth mixture modeling approach".
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Casteel, C.; Peek-Asa, C.; Limbos, M.A. (2007). "Predictors of nonfatal assault injury to public school teachers in Los
Angeles City".
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Bushman, B. J., & Huesmann, L. R. (2001). Effects of televised violence on aggression. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.),
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Moffitt, T. E. (1990). "Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: Boys' developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15".
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heightens the risk of aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. However, these findings have been challenged by
Larzelere and
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involves subjecting an individual to ridicule through sexual jokes, comments, or gestures, causing embarrassment or discomfort.
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between school students as well as attacks by students on school staff and attacks by school staff on students. It encompasses
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Borowsky, I. W.; Ireland, M.; Resnick, M. D. (2002). "Violence risk and protective factors among youth held back in school".
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large male population, higher grade levels, a history of high levels of disciplinary problems in the school, high student to
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Straus, M. A. (1991). "Discipline and deviance: Physical punishment of children and violence and other crime in adulthood".
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Olweus, D. (1994). "Annotation: Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program".
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Bingenheimer, J. B.; Brennan, R. T.; Earls, F. J. (2005). "Firearm violence exposure and serious violent behavior".
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Out in the open: education sector responses to violence based on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression
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The goal of prevention and intervention strategies is to stop school violence from occurring. According to the
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Paik, H.; Comstock, G. (1994). "The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis".
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Olds D, Henderson CR Jr, Cole R, Eckenrode J, Kitzman H, Luckey D, Pettitt L, Sidora K, et al. (1998).
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Patterson's
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Schonfeld, I.S. (2006). School violence. In E.K. Kelloway, J. Barling, & J.J. Hurrell, Jr. (Eds).
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Loeber, R.; Farrington, D. P.; Stouthamer-Loeber, M.; Moffitt, T. E.; Caspi, A.; Lynam, Don (1998).
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are designed to modify the school characteristics that are associated with violence. An avenue of
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Olweus, DAN (1996). "Bullying at School: Knowledge Base and an Effective Intervention Program".
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and high population densities are associated with higher rates of school violence. Controlled
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Hirschi, T.; Hindelang, M. J. (1977). "Intelligence and delinquency: A revisionist review".
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and violent behaviors or are at risk for engaging in such behaviors. Some programs include
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Examining School Safety and Gun Violence in America. (2014). Curriculum Review, 54(4), 8-9
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This is defined as the intentional use of physical force with the potential to cause
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Prevention of antisocial and violent behavior in youth: A review of the literature
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behavior. Internalizing behaviors reflect withdrawal, inhibition, anxiety, and/or
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International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying
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issues related to sexual orientation and gender identity/orientation in education
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According to Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), sexual violence is forced
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School violence occurs in all countries and affects a significant number of
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82:. It is mostly perpetrated by peers but, in some cases, is perpetrated by
4365:"'No Way to Prevent This', Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens"
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1514:"Ordinary physical punishment: Is it harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002)"
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source, and selecting appropriate methodologies for data collection.
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Behind the numbers: ending school violence and bullying
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work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
205:
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215:
2689:
2661:
1823:
Evans, G. W. (2004). "The environment of childhood poverty".
1338:
Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life
652:
when conducting studies involving children and young people.
420:. The strategies are rarely used and difficult to implement.
197:
75:
2425:
995:
Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
291:
One line of research, led by Straus, suggests that parental
237:
212:, regardless of whether it is used as a form of punishment.
191:
4508:
List of school shootings in the United States by death toll
2582:
The nature of school bullying: A cross-national perspective
1761:
10.1367/1539-4409(2002)002<0475:VRAPFA>2.0.CO;2
226:
209:
51:
2787:
810:
School Violence and Bullying: Global Status Report
3096:
3055:
3034:
Youth violence: National and state statistics at a glance
1116:
1114:
389:
is associated with increased risk of antisocial conduct.
277:
3062:
http://www.violencepreventionworks.org/public/index.page
2092:
988:
Christie, C.A., Nelson, C.M., & Jolivet, K. (2005).
490:
and team problem-solving. Other programs teach students
70:
Forms of school violence and different types of bullying
2143:
Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., & Sellin, T. (1987).
1640:
903:
Behind the numbers: ending school violence and bullying
2657:
2655:
2040:
1746:
1511:
1111:
124:
physical violence, such as physical fights or attacks.
2901:
Conduct Problems, Prevention Research Group (1999b).
2852:
Conduct Problems, Prevention Research Group (1999a).
2463:
The development and treatment of childhood aggression
2343:
Using environmental design to prevent school violence
2041:
Guerra, N. G.; Huesmann, L. R.; Spindler, A. (2003).
2005:
1857:
Gottfredson, G. D., & Gottfredson, D. C. (1985).
1675:
3032:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009).
3023:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010).
2341:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008).
2262:(pp. 169–229). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
2231:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006).
1164:
Huesmann, L. R.; Eron, L. D.; Yarmel, P. W. (1987).
813:, 9, 110-111, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.
2652:
1628:(pp. 81–105). New York: Cambridge University Press.
482:. These programs are aimed at students who exhibit
478:Some prevention and intervention programs focus on
2950:
2948:
2946:
2271:
1877:
1163:
857:School Violence and Bullying: Global Status Report
2900:
2851:
2163:
1878:Johnson, S.L.; Burke, J.G.; Gielen, A.C. (2011).
1626:Coercion and punishment in long-term perspectives
86:and other school staff. School violence includes
4549:
2717:
2220:"School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006"
1636:
1634:
1499:Words from Diana Baumrind on corporal punishment
1120:
2943:
2828:
1925:
1923:
1512:Baumrind, D.; Larzelere, R.; Cowan, P. (2002).
1411:
803:work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 (
3828:Central Visual and Performing Arts High School
2272:Howard, K. A.; Flora, J.; Griffin, M. (1999).
392:
3082:
2907:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
2858:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
2755:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
2720:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
1967:
1784:
1631:
1010:Aggression: Theoretical and empirical reviews
2621:
1920:
1727:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1600:
1598:
1376:
1173:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
831:, 70, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.
821: This article incorporates text from a
799: This article incorporates text from a
768:School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV)
753:School violence prevention through education
542:introducing citations to additional sources
346:
229:, shaking, throwing or scratching children.
3884:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2794:Journal of the American Medical Association
2429:Journal of the American Medical Association
2385:Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
2358:Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
2218:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
1742:
1740:
1340:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1228:Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
633:
506:Challenges in measuring violence in schools
261:
216:Corporal punishment perpetrated by teachers
3089:
3075:
3016:Indicators of school crime and safety 2009
3014:U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2009).
2595:Seattle schools scramble to outsmart gangs
2540:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
2001:
1999:
1780:
1778:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1316:Constitutional Rights Foundation. (1997).
984:
982:
926:
3796:Liberty Point International Middle School
3753:University of North Carolina at Charlotte
3025:Understanding school violence: Fact sheet
2926:
2877:
2805:
2289:
2233:School health policies and programs study
2069:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1930:Tack, Anjanette M. Chan (February 2017).
1903:
1595:
1558:
1214:
1212:
1192:
1166:"Intellectual functioning and aggression"
962:
944:
335:largely support this view. Findings from
238:Internalizing and externalizing behaviors
192:Physical violence perpetrated by teachers
3052:Using Canines to Address School Violence
2252:
2250:
2147:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1818:
1816:
1737:
1360:(pp. 223–254). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
608:
532:Relevant discussion may be found on the
471:Some intervention programs are aimed at
2008:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
1996:
1775:
1712:
1325:
1268:
1262:
1027:
1025:
979:
4550:
3204:California State University, Fullerton
2954:
2822:
2537:
2509:
2474:
2465:(pp. 411–448). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2164:Meyer-Adams, N.; Conner, B.T. (2008).
1956:
1455:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1209:
863:. Paris, UNESCO. pp. 9, 110–111.
853:
3673:University of California, Los Angeles
3098:School shootings in the United States
3070:
2382:
2247:
2157:
1822:
1813:
743:School violence in the United Kingdom
378:
3951:Detention: The Siege at Johnson High
1929:
1336:Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1993).
1022:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
849:
847:
845:
843:
748:School violence in the United States
509:
4515:Mass shootings in the United States
3601:University of Alabama in Huntsville
2278:Applied & Preventive Psychology
2203:
1305:
406:Society-level prevention strategies
270:
13:
2560:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32527.x
2489:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01229.x
1799:10.1023/B:JOYO.0000037635.06937.13
1358:Handbook of children and the media
343:also align with this perspective.
170:
161:
14:
4594:
4501:Gun violence in the United States
2978:
2222:, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
877:
840:
450:school-wide early-warning systems
3876:Virginia Commonwealth University
1982:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00341.x
1896:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00598.x
1787:Journal of Youth and Adolescence
816:
794:
525:relies largely or entirely on a
514:
3961:Duck! The Carbine High Massacre
3892:University of Nevada, Las Vegas
3705:Rancho Tehama Elementary School
3649:Marysville Pilchuck High School
3478:Case Western Reserve University
3247:Hubbard Woods Elementary School
2894:
2845:
2781:
2746:
2711:
2683:
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2188:
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1851:
1669:
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1505:
1491:
1485:Critique of anti-spanking study
1476:
1449:
1405:
1370:
1350:
1077:Development and Psychopathology
738:School violence in South Africa
299:. Nonetheless, a comprehensive
232:
4225:If Anything Happens I Love You
3745:Noblesville West Middle School
3582:University of Central Arkansas
3046:Handbook of workplace violence
2961:. Paris, UNESCO. p. 114.
2693:Teaching and Teacher Education
2665:Teaching and Teacher Education
2524:10.1080/03033910.1997.10558138
2259:Handbook of workplace violence
2235:. Retrieved on April 20, 2009.
1643:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
1322:. Retrieved on April 20, 2009.
1157:
1068:
998:
920:
688:List of school-related attacks
473:improving family relationships
242:A distinction is made between
1:
4443:Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
3231:49th Street Elementary School
2584:(pp. 7–27). New York: Plenum.
2291:10.1016/S0962-1849(05)80077-0
2197:Violence in US public schools
2145:Delinquency in a birth cohort
1470:10.1525/sp.1991.38.2.03a00010
834:
452:, the school equivalent of a
4077:All the Boys Love Mandy Lane
3729:Stoneman Douglas High School
3697:North Park Elementary School
3625:Sandy Hook Elementary School
3566:Northern Illinois University
3322:Blackville–Hilda High School
3298:Bard College at Simon's Rock
3004:Resources in other libraries
2829:Bennett-Johnson, E. (2004).
2638:10.1080/15388220.2010.519432
2611:TAL Global's CEB Case Study.
2370:10.1016/0193-3973(93)90013-L
1123:American Sociological Review
1034:American Sociological Review
805:license statement/permission
708:School violence in Australia
58:. It includes many forms of
7:
4137:We Need to Talk About Kevin
3761:STEM School Highlands Ranch
3721:Marshall County High School
3689:Townville Elementary School
3665:Northern Arizona University
3502:Campbell County High School
3494:Red Lake Senior High School
3354:Bethel Regional High School
3263:Cleveland Elementary School
3239:Cokeville Elementary School
3212:Cleveland Elementary School
3126:Enoch Brown school massacre
2512:Irish Journal of Psychology
2345:. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
2200:. ERIC Identifier: ED482921
1655:10.1037/0021-843X.104.4.632
1573:10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.539
1533:10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.580
718:School violence in Bulgaria
655:
480:individual-level strategies
393:Prevention and intervention
366:with opposing groups, with
101:
32:student-on-student fighting
10:
4599:
3852:Richneck Elementary School
3346:San Diego State University
3153:Rose-Mar College of Beauty
2919:10.1037/0022-006X.67.5.648
2870:10.1037/0022-006X.67.5.631
2767:10.1037/0022-006X.63.4.560
2732:10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.715
2705:10.1016/j.tate.2015.07.004
2677:10.1016/j.tate.2015.07.004
2625:Journal of School Violence
2593:Young, B. (2009, Mar. 2).
2308:Journal of School Violence
1391:10.1177/009365094021004004
1185:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.232
789:
713:School violence in Belgium
321:social interactional model
4476:
4385:
4296:
3929:
3922:
3860:Michigan State University
3779:
3592:
3550:Delaware State University
3518:Platte Canyon High School
3470:John McDonogh High School
3462:Appalachian School of Law
3429:
3416:
3273:
3255:Oakland Elementary School
3222:
3163:
3136:
3117:
3104:
2999:Resources in your library
1837:10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.77
1319:Causes of school violence
1089:10.1017/S0954579498001734
758:School-to-prison pipeline
733:School violence in Poland
723:School violence in France
363:propensity score matching
347:Neighbourhood environment
312:= 0.43) and high school (
4285:The Truth vs. Alex Jones
4107:The Life Before Her Eyes
3844:Juarez Community Academy
3657:Umpqua Community College
3534:West Nickel Mines School
3196:Computer Learning Center
3180:Jackson State University
2807:10.1001/jama.280.14.1238
2441:10.1001/jama.277.20.1605
1970:Journal of School Health
1884:Journal of School Health
1859:Victimization in schools
1608:. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
728:School violence in Japan
634:Legal and ethical issues
262:Other individual factors
186:verbal sexual harassment
16:Circumstance of violence
3574:E.O. Junior High School
3438:Buell Elementary School
3314:Wickliffe Middle School
3306:East Carter High School
3040:Schonfeld I.S. (2006).
2835:College Student Journal
2397:10.1023/A:1020977107086
2115:10.1126/science.1110096
2062:10.1111/1467-8624.00623
1606:Coercive family process
1427:10.1111/1467-9280.00366
1240:10.1023/A:1013574903810
946:10.3390/ijerph191811809
807:). Text taken from
3836:University of Virginia
3812:Robb Elementary School
3446:University of Arkansas
3378:Westside Middle School
3338:Frontier Middle School
1723:Hirschi, T.W. (1969).
1604:Patterson, G. (1982).
1561:Psychological Bulletin
1521:Psychological Bulletin
1482:Larzelere, R. (1997).
1379:Communication Research
1012:. New York: Academic.
763:Suicide of Megan Meier
448:The implementation of
439:psychological research
434:School-wide strategies
128:Psychological bullying
40:psychological violence
4405:Lullaby for Columbine
4177:The Cokeville Miracle
3981:Bowling for Columbine
3971:Bang Bang You're Dead
3908:Apalachee High School
3402:Columbine High School
3290:Lindhurst High School
3172:Kent State University
2321:10.1300/J202v01n02_02
1825:American Psychologist
1749:Ambulatory Pediatrics
1725:Causes of delinquency
1415:Psychological Science
1006:Edward I. Donnerstein
609:Methodological issues
371:friendships based on
358:longitudinal research
4522:Thoughts and prayers
4374:A Mother's Reckoning
3737:Santa Fe High School
3641:Sparks Middle School
3633:Santa Monica College
3394:Thurston High School
3386:Parker Middle School
3330:Richland High School
2536:; Also reprinted as
2170:Children and Schools
1936:Sociological Science
1861:. New York: Plenum.
668:Bullying in teaching
644:and discrimination.
628:culturally sensitive
538:improve this article
443:cooperative learning
416:, and restructuring
375:, or shared traits.
341:longitudinal studies
4316:Nobody Left to Hate
4048:"Time Stands Still"
3820:Rusdale High School
3609:Chardon High School
3558:SuccessTech Academy
3454:Santana High School
3145:University of Texas
2552:1996NYASA.794..265O
2194:Larsen, E. (2003).
2182:10.1093/cs/30.4.211
2107:2005Sci...308.1323B
2101:(5726): 1323–1326.
1488:. Biola University.
927:Burger, C. (2022).
488:conflict resolution
418:educational systems
412:, reshaping social
333:northern California
293:corporal punishment
280:violence, parental
222:corporal punishment
36:corporal punishment
4583:Attacks on schools
4415:Shoot (Hellblazer)
3788:Oxford High School
3769:Saugus High School
3526:Weston High School
3510:Pine Middle School
3486:Rocori High School
3282:University of Iowa
2020:10.1002/ajim.20520
379:School environment
177:sexual intercourse
4545:
4544:
4472:
4471:
4452:"Valentine's Day"
4167:Sins of Our Youth
4039:American Yearbook
3918:
3917:
3900:Perry High School
3713:Aztec High School
3681:El Centro College
3412:
3411:
3370:Heath High School
3362:Pearl High School
3188:Olean High School
2985:Library resources
2968:978-92-3-100150-5
2800:(14): 1238–1244.
2435:(20): 1605–1611.
2050:Child Development
1678:Child Development
1271:Child Development
913:978-92-3-100306-6
870:978-92-3-100197-0
778:Violent extremism
698:School discipline
603:
602:
588:
553:"School violence"
286:domestic violence
121:Physical bullying
56:sexual harassment
28:physical violence
4590:
4563:Education issues
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4494:Columbine effect
4489:
4465:
4455:
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4306:Give a Boy a Gun
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4097:State's Evidence
4091:
4081:
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4043:
4033:
4023:
4013:
4005:
3995:
3991:Heart of America
3985:
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3955:
3945:
3941:The Deadly Tower
3927:
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3895:
3887:
3879:
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3804:East High School
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3617:Oikos University
3612:
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3585:
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2585:
2578:
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2535:
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2501:
2500:
2483:(7): 1171–1190.
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2466:
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2056:(5): 1561–1576.
2047:
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2003:
1994:
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1684:(6): 1321–1335.
1673:
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906:. UNESCO. 2019.
898:
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271:Home environment
140:social exclusion
4598:
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4589:
4588:
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4578:School bullying
4558:School violence
4548:
4547:
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4536:School violence
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4529:School shooting
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4333:
4326:No Easy Answers
4323:
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4292:
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4187:I'm Not Ashamed
4184:
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3868:Covenant School
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3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3418:
3417:2000 to present
3408:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3159:
3151:
3143:
3132:
3124:
3106:
3100:
3095:
3042:School Violence
3010:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2992:
2990:School violence
2988:
2981:
2976:
2969:
2955:UNESCO (2016).
2953:
2944:
2899:
2895:
2850:
2846:
2827:
2823:
2786:
2782:
2751:
2747:
2716:
2712:
2688:
2684:
2660:
2653:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2575:
2508:
2504:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2424:
2420:
2381:
2377:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2303:
2299:
2270:
2266:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2204:
2193:
2189:
2162:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2091:
2087:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2014:(12): 932–939.
2004:
1997:
1976:(10): 539–544.
1966:
1957:
1949:10.15195/v4.a10
1928:
1921:
1876:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1821:
1814:
1783:
1776:
1745:
1738:
1722:
1713:
1690:10.2307/1131558
1674:
1670:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1603:
1596:
1557:
1548:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1477:
1458:Social Problems
1454:
1450:
1410:
1406:
1375:
1371:
1355:
1351:
1335:
1326:
1315:
1306:
1283:10.2307/1130972
1267:
1263:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1135:10.2307/2094556
1119:
1112:
1073:
1069:
1046:10.2307/2094592
1030:
1023:
1003:
999:
987:
980:
925:
921:
914:
900:
899:
878:
871:
860:
854:UNESCO (2017).
852:
841:
837:
792:
787:
703:School shooting
693:School bullying
658:
636:
624:age-appropriate
611:
599:
593:
590:
547:
545:
531:
519:
508:
424:Now Is The Time
395:
381:
349:
329:cross-sectional
273:
264:
240:
235:
218:
194:
173:
171:Sexual violence
164:
162:Physical fights
146:Sexual bullying
136:emotional abuse
104:
96:sexual violence
72:
48:sexual violence
20:School violence
17:
12:
11:
5:
4596:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4487:Active shooter
4482:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4456:
4448:
4438:
4428:
4424:"The Nobodies"
4420:
4410:
4400:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4369:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4235:Run Hide Fight
4230:
4220:
4210:
4200:
4192:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4014:
4006:
3996:
3986:
3976:
3966:
3956:
3946:
3935:
3933:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3433:
3431:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3121:
3119:
3112:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:External links
2977:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2942:
2913:(5): 648–657.
2893:
2864:(5): 631–647.
2844:
2821:
2780:
2761:(4): 560–568.
2745:
2726:(5): 715–730.
2710:
2682:
2651:
2614:
2603:
2586:
2573:
2546:(1): 265–276.
2518:(2): 170–190.
2502:
2467:
2454:
2418:
2391:(4): 273–296.
2375:
2364:(3): 317–345.
2347:
2334:
2297:
2284:(3): 197–215.
2264:
2246:
2237:
2224:
2202:
2187:
2176:(4): 211–221.
2156:
2136:
2085:
2033:
1995:
1955:
1919:
1890:(6): 331–340.
1870:
1850:
1812:
1793:(5): 431–442.
1774:
1755:(6): 475–484.
1736:
1711:
1668:
1649:(4): 632–643.
1630:
1617:
1594:
1567:(4): 539–579.
1546:
1527:(4): 580–589.
1504:
1490:
1475:
1464:(2): 133–154.
1448:
1421:(5): 353–359.
1404:
1385:(4): 516–546.
1369:
1349:
1324:
1304:
1277:(3): 893–910.
1261:
1234:(4): 273–297.
1208:
1179:(1): 232–240.
1156:
1129:(4): 571–587.
1110:
1083:(3): 531–547.
1067:
1040:(4): 635–655.
1021:
997:
978:
919:
912:
876:
869:
838:
836:
833:
791:
788:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
678:Cyber-bullying
675:
670:
665:
659:
657:
654:
635:
632:
610:
607:
601:
600:
536:. Please help
522:
520:
513:
507:
504:
503:
502:
495:
476:
464:
463:
459:
458:
457:
430:
429:
428:
410:media violence
394:
391:
380:
377:
348:
345:
272:
269:
263:
260:
239:
236:
234:
231:
217:
214:
193:
190:
172:
169:
163:
160:
159:
158:
153:Cyber-bullying
149:
143:
125:
114:cyber-bullying
103:
100:
71:
68:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4595:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:Related terms
4475:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:Pico's School
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4275:The Graduates
4271:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4127:Beautiful Boy
4123:
4119:
4118:
4117:April Showers
4113:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:Virginia Tech
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3415:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3105:Prior to 2000
3103:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2618:
2612:
2607:
2600:
2599:Seattle Times
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2154:
2153:0-226-90553-5
2150:
2146:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2071:2027.42/83426
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1867:0-306-42023-6
1864:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1734:
1733:0-520-01487-1
1730:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1614:0-916154-02-5
1611:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1366:0-7619-1954-6
1363:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1346:0-674-17604-9
1343:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1194:2027.42/83384
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1018:0-12-278801-X
1015:
1011:
1007:
1001:
994:
992:
985:
983:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
947:
942:
939:(18): 11809.
938:
934:
930:
923:
915:
909:
905:
904:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
872:
866:
859:
858:
850:
848:
846:
844:
839:
832:
830:
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554:
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549:Find sources:
543:
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527:single source
523:This section
521:
517:
512:
511:
500:
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493:
492:social skills
489:
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481:
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368:gang violence
364:
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317:
315:
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302:
301:meta-analysis
298:
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257:
256:hyperactivity
253:
249:
248:externalizing
245:
244:internalizing
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182:exhibitionism
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138:, as well as
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93:
92:psychological
89:
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64:cyberbullying
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4155:
4147:Hello Herman
4145:
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4105:
4095:
4087:American Gun
4085:
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4057:The Only Way
4055:
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2011:
2007:
1973:
1969:
1939:
1935:
1887:
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1873:
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1831:(2): 77–92.
1828:
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815:
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801:free content
793:
683:Gun violence
650:
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382:
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337:case-control
325:
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241:
233:Risk factors
219:
195:
174:
165:
151:
145:
132:verbal abuse
127:
120:
111:
105:
73:
50:, including
44:verbal abuse
30:, including
19:
18:
4461:The Library
4418:(1999/2010)
4245:The Fallout
4196:"Dead Kids"
2699:: 191–202.
2671:: 191–202.
2315:(2): 5–32.
1942:: 224–248.
220:In school,
80:adolescents
62:(including
4552:Categories
4479:and topics
4433:columbinus
4297:Literature
4265:Eric Larue
4157:Rudderless
3932:television
2841:: 199–202.
2632:: 88–106.
835:References
564:newspapers
484:aggression
331:data from
282:alcoholism
252:depression
202:disability
4356:Hate List
4346:Columbine
4067:Dawn Anna
4001:Home Room
3421:full list
3109:full list
2646:145137560
2532:0303-3910
2329:143400463
1807:144646396
1502:. (1998).
1399:145694624
955:1661-7827
594:June 2023
534:talk page
373:homophily
316:= 0.45).
22:includes
4573:Violence
4029:Zero Day
4019:Elephant
3930:Film and
3923:In media
2937:10535231
2888:10535230
2568:84392860
2405:12495270
2123:15919997
2080:14552414
2028:17979131
1990:18808473
1914:21592128
1845:14992634
1769:12437395
1581:12081081
1541:12081082
1443:14987425
1435:11554666
1248:11837460
1008:(Eds.),
973:36142079
773:Violence
673:Childnet
663:Bullying
656:See also
499:suicidal
454:DEW Line
297:Baumrind
130:entails
107:Bullying
102:Bullying
88:physical
84:teachers
76:children
60:bullying
42:such as
24:violence
4367:(2014—)
4205:Vox Lux
4010:"Jimmy"
2928:2761630
2879:2762610
2816:9786373
2775:7673533
2740:9803690
2548:Bibcode
2497:7806605
2449:9168290
2413:4504251
2103:Bibcode
2095:Science
1905:4697272
1706:1446555
1698:1131558
1663:8530766
1589:2393109
1299:2364762
1291:1130972
1256:6269491
1203:3820075
1143:2094556
1105:5553817
1097:9741681
1054:2094592
964:9517642
790:Sources
578:scholar
386:teacher
354:poverty
227:kicking
4568:Crimes
4464:(2014)
4454:(2013)
4446:(2005)
4436:(2005)
4426:(2000)
4408:(1999)
4398:(1999)
4377:(2016)
4359:(2009)
4349:(2009)
4339:(2003)
4329:(2002)
4319:(2001)
4309:(2000)
4288:(2024)
4278:(2023)
4268:(2023)
4258:(2021)
4248:(2021)
4238:(2020)
4228:(2020)
4218:(2019)
4215:Safety
4208:(2018)
4198:(2018)
4190:(2016)
4180:(2015)
4170:(2014)
4160:(2014)
4150:(2012)
4140:(2011)
4130:(2010)
4120:(2009)
4110:(2007)
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4090:(2006)
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4060:(2004)
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4032:(2003)
4022:(2003)
4012:(2002)
4004:(2002)
3994:(2002)
3984:(2002)
3974:(2002)
3964:(1999)
3954:(1997)
3944:(1975)
3910:(2024)
3902:(2024)
3894:(2023)
3886:(2023)
3878:(2023)
3870:(2023)
3862:(2023)
3854:(2023)
3846:(2022)
3838:(2022)
3830:(2022)
3822:(2022)
3814:(2022)
3806:(2022)
3798:(2022)
3790:(2021)
3771:(2019)
3763:(2019)
3755:(2019)
3747:(2018)
3739:(2018)
3731:(2018)
3723:(2018)
3715:(2017)
3707:(2017)
3699:(2017)
3691:(2016)
3683:(2016)
3675:(2016)
3667:(2015)
3659:(2015)
3651:(2014)
3643:(2013)
3635:(2013)
3627:(2012)
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3611:(2012)
3603:(2010)
3584:(2008)
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3292:(1992)
3284:(1991)
3265:(1989)
3257:(1988)
3249:(1988)
3241:(1986)
3233:(1984)
3214:(1979)
3206:(1976)
3198:(1976)
3190:(1974)
3182:(1970)
3174:(1970)
3155:(1966)
3147:(1966)
3128:(1764)
2987:about
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206:injury
184:, and
46:, and
4386:Other
4336:After
3780:2020s
3593:2010s
3430:2000s
3274:1990s
3223:1980s
3164:1970s
3137:1960s
3118:1760s
2642:S2CID
2564:S2CID
2409:S2CID
2325:S2CID
2127:S2CID
2046:(PDF)
1803:S2CID
1694:JSTOR
1585:S2CID
1517:(PDF)
1439:S2CID
1395:S2CID
1287:JSTOR
1252:S2CID
1224:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
1139:JSTOR
1101:S2CID
1050:JSTOR
861:(PDF)
585:JSTOR
571:books
414:norms
198:death
4255:Mass
2963:ISBN
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2528:ISSN
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969:PMID
951:ISSN
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626:and
557:news
339:and
246:and
210:harm
94:and
78:and
54:and
52:rape
3056:FBI
2923:PMC
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2066:hdl
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2016:doi
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1900:PMC
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1189:hdl
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959:PMC
941:doi
540:by
399:CDC
278:gun
208:or
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