45:
296:), is a non-profit association consisting of university-affiliated science parks, almost entirely based in North America. It defines "university research and science parks" as "property-based ventures with certain characteristics, including master planned property and buildings designed primarily for private/public research and development facilities, high technology and science based companies and support services; contractual, formal or operational relationships with one or more science or research institutions of higher education; roles in promoting the university's research and development through industry partnerships, assisting in the growth of new ventures and promoting economic development; roles in aiding the transfer of technology and business skills between university and industry teams and roles in promoting technology-led economic development for the community or region."
307:), the worldwide network of science parks and areas of innovation, defines a science park as "an organisation managed by specialised professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions. To enable these goals to be met, a Science Park stimulates and manages the flow of knowledge and technology amongst universities, R&D institutions, companies and markets; it facilitates the creation and growth of innovation-based companies through incubation and spin-off processes; and provides other value-added services together with high quality space and facilities.".
59:
20:
34:
73:
85:
322:, security or any other means; be able to select or reject which firms enter the park". A science park should: "have a clear identity, quite often expressed symbolically, as the park's name choice, its logo or the management discourse; have a management with established or recognized expertise in financial matters, and which has presented long-term economic development plans; have the backing of powerful, dynamic and stable economic actors, such as a funding agency, political institution or local
276:
completed building floor space, hosting circa 40,000 organisations that employ approximately 750,000 people, mostly in high value added jobs. In the period from 2000 – 2012, total capital investment into EU STPs was circa €11.7 billion (central estimate). During the same period, STPs spent circa €3 billion on the professional business support and innovation services they either deliver or finance to assist both their tenants and other similar knowledge based businesses in their locality.
1956:
108:", "technology park", "technopark", "technopolis", "technopole", or a "science and technology park" ) is defined as being a property-based development that accommodates and fosters the growth of tenant firms and that are affiliated with a university (or a government and private research bodies) based on proximity, ownership, and/or governance. This is so that knowledge can be shared, innovation promoted,
314:, was first presented by Regis Cabral in ten points in 1990. According to this management paradigm, a science park must: "have access to qualified research and development personnel in the areas of knowledge in which the park has its identity; be able to market its high valued products and services; have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerial skills to firms, particularly
275:
Science and technology park (STP) activity across the
European Union has approximately doubled over the last 11–12 years, driven by the growth of the longer standing parks and the emergence of new parks. There are now an estimated 366 STPs in the EU member states that manage about 28 million m2 of
279:
Increasingly, the reasons why STPs are sound investments for public sector support are becoming better understood and articulated. The evidence base shows that better STPs are not simply the landlords of attractive and well specified office style buildings. Rather, they are complex organisations,
1133:
Lindelof, Peter; Lofsten, Hans (2005). "Lindelof, P. and
Lofsten, H. (2005) "Academic versus corporate new technology-based firms in Swedish science parks: an analysis of performance, business networks and financing" Int. J. of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management vol 31 p 334-357".
112:, and research outcomes progressed to viable commercial products. Science parks are also often perceived as contributing to national economic development, stimulating the formation of new high-technology firms, attracting foreign investment and promoting exports.
209:
Science parks may be designed to enhance the quality of life of the workers. For example, they might be built with sports facilities, restaurants, crèches or pleasant outdoor areas. Apart from tenants, science parks create jobs for the local community.
388:
148:. Laffitte had travelled widely and developed a theory of "cross-fertilisation" where individuals could benefit mutually by the exchange of thoughts in many fields including culture, science and the arts.
326:; include in its management an active person of vision, with the power of decision and with the high and visible profile, who is perceived by relevant actors in society as embodying the interface between
1163:"Albahari, A.; Barge-Gil, A.; PĂ©rez-Canto, S.; Modrego, A. (2016) "The influence of Science and Technology Park characteristics on firms' innovation results" Papers in Regional Science vol 97 issue 2"
1024:
Cabral, Regis; Dahab, Sofia
Sapolnik (1998). "Cabral, R. and Dahab, S. (1998) "Science parks in developing countries: the case of BIORIO in Brazil", Int. J. Technology Management vol 16 p. 726-739".
698:
1297:
Echols A. E. and
Meredith J. W. (1998) "A case study of the Virginia Tech Corporation Research Centre in the context of the Cabral-Dahab Paradigm, with comparison to other US research parks" in
280:
often with multiple owners having objectives aligned with important elements of economic development public policy as well as an imperative to be financially self-sustaining in the longer term.
642:
345:
defines
Science technology parks as territories usually affiliated with a university or a research institution, which accommodate and foster the growth of companies based therein through
253:
1079:"Galiyeva, N. and Fusci, D. L. (2018) "Research Proposal for Measuring the Effectiveness of Business Incubators", Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation Vol 5, no 3, p 32-46"
651:
1106:
Zhang, Yuehua (2005). "Zhang, Y. (2005) "The science park phenomenon: development, evolution and typology", Int. J. of
Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management vol 5 p 138-154".
756:
McCarthy, Ian P.; Silvestre, Bruno S.; von
Nordenflycht, Andrew; Breznitz, Shiri M. (2018). "A typology of university research park strategies: What parks do and why it matters".
1197:"Pedroza Zapata, A. R. and Ortiz Cantú, S. (2018) "Análisis comparativo de parques tecnológicos universitarios bajo el paradigma Cabral-Dahab" Revistas Espacios vol 39 issue 4"
398:
244:, Raleigh lacked space. New possible sites included the state mental-health property and the Diocese of Raleigh property on 1,000 acres (4.0 km) surrounding the
245:
408:
1339:
Economic zones in the ASEAN. Industrial Parks, Special
Economic Zones, Eco-Industrial Parks, Innovation Districts as Strategies for Industrial Competitiveness
202:
Science parks also aim to bring together people who assist the developers of technology to bring their work to commercial fruition, for example, experts in
378:
1412:
1051:
Cabral, Regis (1998). "Cabral R. (1998) "Refining the Cabral-Dahab
Science Park Management Paradigm", Int. J. Technology Management vol 16 p 813-818".
44:
206:. They can be attractive to university students who may interact with prospective employers and encourage students to remain in the local area.
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175:. Science parks may also offer a number of shared resources, such as incubators, programs and collaboration activities,
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318:, lacking such a resource; be inserted in a society that allows for the protection of product or process secrets, via
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and where governments, universities and private companies may collaborate. The developers work in fields such as
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Cabral R. and Dahab S. S. (1993) "Science parks in developing countries: the case of BIORIO in Brazil" in
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Understanding
Research, Science and Technology Parks: Global Best Practices: Report of a Symposium
155:". They provide concentration that foster innovation and the development and commercialization of
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firms, as well as technical service firms, including laboratories and quality control firms".
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Battelle Technology Partnership Practice and Association of University Research Parks (2007)
549:
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129:
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Higher Education Engagement in Economic Development: Foundations for Strategy and Practice
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The Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm in Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Americas
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ULI Netherlands: Greg Clark discusses technology, real estate and the innovation economy
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Albahari, Alberto; Barge-Gil, Andrés; Pérez-Canto, Salvador; Modrego, Aurelia (2018).
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Characteristics and Trends in North American Research Parks. 21st Century Directions
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Cabral R. (1998) "Refining the Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm" in
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Battelle-AURP Report: Characteristics and trends in North American Research Parks
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https://estateintel.com/development-flaghouse-abuja-technology-village-abuja/
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334:, long-term plans and good management; and include a prominent percentage of
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in that they lead to commercialized products from research. They differ from
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Technology in the Garden: Research Parks and Regional Economic Development
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268:
are examples of research parks that have been developed by or adjacent to
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1251:"Accra digital centre – Driving digital innovations and entrepreneurship"
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in that they are more organized, planned, and managed. They differ from
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1005:. International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation
213:
Science parks are specific locations and differ from the wider area
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1108:
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management
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Setting up, managing and Evaluating EU Science and Technology Parks
327:
184:
140:, which was launched in 1959. In 1969, Pierre Laffitte founded the
16:
Area designed to promote science or technology business development
685:
301:
International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation
1902:
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Heilbron J. (ed.) and Cabral R. (2003) "Development, Science" in
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382:
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830:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 122.
151:
Science parks are elements of the infrastructure of the global "
1942:
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854:
Pastoral Capitalism: A History of Suburban Corporate Landscapes
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there are over 170 science parks. For example, in the 1980s,
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Science parks are found worldwide. They are most common in
188:
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1371:
124:
was launched in 1951 as a cooperative venture between
1366:
1322:
The Oxford Companion to The History of Modern Science
1346:
University Economic Development Association. (2019)
1971:
824:Luger, Michael I.; Goldstein, Harvey A. (1991).
758:Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
1324:Oxford University Press, New York, p 205 - 207.
1132:
844:
1331:Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
1195:Ortiz, Sara; Pedroza, Alvaro R. (2018-01-30).
1136:International Journal of Technology Management
1053:International Journal of Technology Management
1026:International Journal of Technology Management
823:
1406:
1382:Cabral Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm
817:
312:Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm
132:. Another early university research park was
1420:
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487:Sahlgrenska Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden
453:Isfahan Science and Technology Town (ISTT),
430:Keele University Science & Business Park
120:The world's first university research park,
1023:
484:Lindholmen Science Park, Gothenburg, Sweden
389:National Science and Technology Park (NSTP)
1413:
1399:
1367:International Association of Science Parks
229:which focus on business office locations.
967:"AURP: Creating Communities of Knowledge"
1372:Association of University Research Parks
699:Regional Science Centre and Science Park
468:, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
356:
343:World Intellectual Property Organization
290:Association of University Research Parks
83:
71:
57:
43:
32:
18:
850:
1972:
1050:
225:which focus on manufacturing and from
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857:. Cambridge: MIT Press. p. 166.
798:
643:University of Wisconsin Research Park
420:, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
1311:Gregory, C. and Zoneveld, J. (2015)
977:
903:
1227:"Technology Transfer Organizations"
959:
450:, Plymouth, England, United Kingdom
426:, Coventry, England, United Kingdom
13:
1343:, UNIDO Country Office in Vietnam.
1327:National Research Council. (2009)
444:, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
424:University of Warwick Science Park
316:small and medium-sized enterprises
254:Sandia Science and Technology Park
215:high-technology business districts
14:
1991:
1355:
673:WISTA Science and Technology Park
1954:
985:"AURP: What is a research park?"
770:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2018.01.004
652:Gateway University Research Park
432:, Keele, England, United Kingdom
1848:Residential cluster development
1243:
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686:https://www.esadecreapolis.com/
589:, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
526:Advanced Manufacturing Park in
438:, York, England, United Kingdom
242:North Carolina State University
199:, and internal transportation.
92:- Science and Technology Park,
76:Science and technology park in
49:Hsinchu Biomedical Science Park
1500:Shopping streets and districts
934:
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552:Research and Innovation System
283:
262:East Tennessee Technology Park
26:, the largest science park in
1:
1299:Int. J. Technology Management
1294:Uminova Centre, UmeĂĄ, Sweden.
1285:Int. J. Technology Management
1261:
742:
631:Arfa Software Technology Park
627:, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
418:Birmingham Science Park Aston
266:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
142:Sophia Antipolis Science Park
115:
1626:Model dwellings for the poor
904:Rowe, David (October 2013).
373:Some science parks include:
177:uninterruptible power supply
7:
1377:UK Science Park Association
851:Mozingo, Louise A. (2011).
710:
621:, BangaloreKarnataka, India
104:(also called a "university
10:
1996:
1337:Morisson A. (August 2005)
1170:Papers in Regional Science
803:. Routledge. p. 584.
656:Greensboro, North Carolina
544:Skolkovo Innovation Center
471:Innovation Campus Lemgo,
369:List of technology centers
366:
360:
1951:
1830:
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1120:10.1504/IJEIM.2005.006341
603:, Central Java, Indonesia
506:, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
204:intellectual property law
1422:Real estate developments
1148:10.1504/IJTM.2005.006638
1065:10.1504/IJTM.1998.002694
1038:10.1504/IJTM.1998.002693
801:Encyclopedia of the City
717:Science Parks For School
663:, Amsterdam, Netherlands
581:Technopark, Stellenbosch
575:Technology Centre Teknia
540:, County Durham, England
490:Linköping Science Park,
479:Johanneberg Science Park
399:Abuja Technology Village
1631:Multifamily residential
1290:Cabral R. (ed.) (2003)
1581:Conservation community
971:innovation-america.org
679:Singapore Science Park
669:, Utrecht, Netherlands
661:Amsterdam Science Park
637:Cummings Research Park
596:, West Java, Indonesia
533:Cambridge Science Park
516:Research Triangle Park
504:Hong Kong Science Park
460:Haasrode Research Park
363:List of research parks
246:Lake Raleigh Reservoir
187:, management offices,
161:information technology
134:Research Triangle Park
122:Stanford Research Park
110:technology transferred
97:
81:
69:
55:
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38:Cambridge Science Park
30:
1676:Single-room occupancy
1621:Mixed-use development
1606:Intentional community
1591:Golf course community
1453:Mixed-use development
1362:Ankidyne Science Park
1280:, vol 1, p 165 - 178.
799:Caves, R. W. (2004).
639:, Huntsville, Alabama
615:, ZĂĽrich, Switzerland
609:, CĂ´te d'Azur, France
550:Nazarbayev University
522:NanKang Software Park
448:Plymouth Science Park
357:List of science parks
270:US Federal government
87:
75:
61:
47:
36:
22:
1745:Garden city movement
1661:Retirement community
1278:Biotechnology Review
667:Utrecht Science Park
592:Cimahi Techno Park,
555:ABC Science Park in
510:Hsinchu Science Park
481:, Gothenburg, Sweden
466:Purdue Research Park
409:Accra Digital Centre
183:hubs, reception and
1908:Planning permission
1651:Residential airpark
1636:Penthouse apartment
1523:Industrial district
1301:vol 16 p 761 - 777.
1287:vol 16 p 813 - 818.
732:Cluster development
587:Bandung Techno Park
347:technology transfer
248:. The university's
234:developed countries
126:Stanford University
88:Congress center at
63:Kuopio Science Park
1961:Housing portal
1533:Technology centers
1308:retrieved 20/6/19.
1182:10.1111/pirs.12253
999:"IASP Definitions"
913:. European Union.
890:2008-12-03 at the
727:Business incubator
647:Madison, Wisconsin
599:Solo Techno Park,
498:Turku Science Park
258:NASA Research Park
181:telecommunications
98:
82:
70:
56:
42:
31:
1967:
1966:
1923:Regional planning
1883:Land-use planning
1765:Urban green space
1760:Planned community
1695:Science/education
1641:Private community
1304:Flaghouse (2018)
920:978-92-79-37274-2
675:, Berlin, Germany
619:Bagmane Tech Park
613:Technopark ZĂĽrich
577:, Kuopio, Finland
569:Daedeok Innopolis
512:, Hsinchu, Taiwan
462:, Leuven, Belgium
436:York Science Park
379:NOVI Science Park
250:Centennial Campus
193:convention center
153:knowledge economy
130:City of Palo Alto
1987:
1959:
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1712:Satellite campus
1656:Residential area
1611:Luxury apartment
1571:Closed community
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684:ESADE Creapolis
607:Sophia-Antipolis
546:, Moscow, Russia
518:, North Carolina
500:, Turku, Finland
260:at Ames and the
223:industrial parks
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1448:Commercial area
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1260:
1257:
1256:
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1187:
1176:(2): 253–279.
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1125:
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1016:
990:
976:
958:
933:
919:
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272:laboratories.
227:business parks
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9:
6:
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3:
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1981:
1980:Science parks
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864:9780262338288
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623:
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579:
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107:
106:research park
103:
95:
94:Lisbon Region
91:
86:
79:
74:
68:
64:
60:
54:
50:
46:
39:
35:
29:
25:
21:
1928:Urban design
1853:Construction
1740:Civic center
1717:Science park
1716:
1576:Company town
1475:Power center
1347:
1338:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1268:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1231:www.wipo.int
1230:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1204:
1200:
1190:
1173:
1169:
1156:
1142:(3/4): 334.
1139:
1135:
1128:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:
1073:
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1052:
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1029:
1025:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
979:
970:
961:
951:19 September
949:. Retrieved
945:
936:
924:. Retrieved
906:
899:
880:
870:February 27,
868:. Retrieved
853:
846:
826:
819:
800:
794:
761:
757:
751:
559:, Kazakhstan
413:Accra, Ghana
372:
340:
311:
309:
304:
300:
298:
293:
289:
287:
278:
274:
231:
212:
208:
201:
150:
119:
105:
102:science park
101:
99:
1888:Nonbuilding
1817:Tower block
1681:Subdivision
1543:Residential
1480:Retail park
764:: 110–122.
705:, Rajasthan
681:, Singapore
336:consultancy
284:Definitions
173:engineering
1913:Playground
1812:Skyscraper
1566:City block
1510:Industrial
1485:Riverfront
1430:Commercial
1236:2022-05-05
1059:(8): 813.
1032:(8): 726.
1009:26 October
926:26 October
743:References
633:, Pakistan
557:Nur-Sultan
395:, Pakistan
367:See also:
324:university
157:technology
116:Background
96:, Portugal
40:in England
1795:Apartment
1782:Buildings
1727:Municipal
1616:McMansion
1211:5 January
1091:5 January
1086:mbacademy
778:0923-4748
737:Mega-Site
690:Barcelona
601:Surakarta
563:Innopolis
528:Sheffield
492:Linköping
475:, Germany
405:, Nigeria
393:Islamabad
385:, Denmark
191:offices,
90:Taguspark
1974:Category
1843:Cemetery
1735:Arcology
1551:Agrihood
1262:See also
888:Archived
786:96429706
711:See also
494:, Sweden
442:Catalyst
332:industry
328:academia
185:security
128:and the
80:, Serbia
1903:Parking
1438:Airport
1114:: 138.
692:, Spain
538:NETPark
383:Aalborg
320:patents
197:parking
169:science
67:Finland
1943:Zoning
1702:Campus
1468:inland
917:
861:
834:
807:
784:
776:
703:Jaipur
594:Cimahi
146:France
53:Taiwan
28:Sweden
1938:YIMBY
1893:NIMBY
1822:Villa
1805:types
1800:House
1786:types
1770:parks
1166:(PDF)
1082:(PDF)
911:(PDF)
782:S2CID
473:Lemgo
403:Abuja
236:. In
24:Ideon
1898:Park
1463:Port
1213:2019
1093:2019
1011:2018
1003:IASP
953:2023
946:AURP
928:2018
915:ISBN
894:AURP
872:2023
859:ISBN
832:ISBN
805:ISBN
774:ISSN
349:and
341:The
330:and
310:The
305:IASP
299:The
294:AURP
288:The
189:bank
171:and
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1178:doi
1144:doi
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264:at
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