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some of the newer 1950s models used aluminum platters and cloth-backed rubber mats which required a third of a rotational turn or less to achieve full speed when the song began. All this was done in order to present a music show on air with the least amount of silence ("dead air") between music, the announcer's patter and recorded advertising commercials. The rationale was that any "dead air" on a radio station was likely to prompt a listener to switch stations, so announcers and program directors instructed DJs and announcers to provide a continuous, seamless stream of sound–from music to an announcer to a pre-recorded commercial, to a "jingle" (radio station theme song), and then immediately back to more music.
990:- Begins with the crossfader open, and then the record is moved while briefly closing the fader one or more times to cut the sound out. This produces a staggering sound which can make a single "flare" sound like a very fast series of "chirps" or "tears." The number of times the fader is closed ("clicks") during the record's movement is usually used as a prefix to distinguish the variations. The flare allows a DJ to scratch continuously with less hand fatigue than would result from the transformer. The flare can be combined with the
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219:(i.e., the cue point) on a vinyl record groove. This was done to permit the operator to back the disc up (rotate the record or the turntable platter itself counter-clockwise) in order to permit the turntable to be switched on, and come up to full speed without ruining the first few bars of music with the "wow" of incorrect, unnaturally slow-speed playing. This permitted the announcer to time their remarks, and start the turntable in time for when they wanted the music on the record to begin.
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942:- Tear scratches are scratches where the record is moved in a staggered fashion, dividing the forward and backward movement into two or more movements. This allows creating sounds similar to "flare scratches" without the use of the crossfader and it allows for more complex rhythmic patterns. The term can also refer to a simpler, slower version of the chirp.
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change it in the opposite directions to produce repeating patterns, or can be used to transition between open and closed crossfader techniques, such as chirps/flares and transforms, respectively. These crossfader sequences are frequently combined with orbits and tears to produce combination scratches, such as the aquaman scratch, which goes "close-tap-open".
968:- The forward scratch, also referred to as scrubbing, is a baby scratch where the crossfader is closed during the backwards movement of the record. If the record is let go instead of being pushed forward it is also called "release scratch" or "drop". Cutting out the forward part of the record movement instead of the backward part gives a "backward scratch"
978:- The chirp scratch involves closing the crossfader just after playing the start of a sound, stopping the record at the same point, then pushing it back while opening the fader to create a "chirping" sound. When performed using a recording of drums, it can create the illusion of doubled scratching speed, due to the
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Back cueing was a basic skill that all radio production staff needed to learn, and the dynamics of it were unique to the brand of professional turntable in use at a given radio station. The older, larger and heavier turntables needed a 180-degree backward rotation to allow for run up to full speed;
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Note that some sequences of motions ultimately change the direction of the switch, whereas others end in a position such that they can be repeated immediately without having to reset the position of the switch. Sequences that change the direction of the switch can be dovetailed with sequences that
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rapidly back and forth with the hand with the stylus ("needle") in the record's groove. This produces the distinctive sound that has come to be one of the most recognizable features of hip hop music. Over time with excessive scratching, the stylus will cause what is referred to as "cue burn", or
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manually to make sounds, as with his 1950s recording, "Sound Piece"), vinyl scratching as an element of hip hop pioneered the idea of making the sound an integral and rhythmic part of music instead of an uncontrolled noise. Scratching is related to "scrubbing" (in terms of audio editing and
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and club DJs began to use this specialized turntable equipment to move the record back and forth, creating percussive sounds and effects–"scratching"–to entertain their dance floor audiences. Whereas the 1940s–1960s radio DJs had used back-cueing while listening to the sounds through their
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While scratching is becoming more and more popular in pop music, particularly with the crossover success of pop-hip hop tracks in the 2010s, sophisticated scratching and other expert turntablism techniques are still predominantly an underground style developed by the
1012:- Consists of moving the record while quickly tapping the crossfader open or closed with each finger of the crossfader hand. In this way, DJs are able to perform transforms or flares much faster than they could by manipulating the crossfader with the whole hand.
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More complex combinations can be generated by grouping elementary crossfader motions (such as the open, close, and tap) into three and four-move sequences. Closing and tapping motions can be followed by opens and taps, and opens can be followed by closes only.
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tape deck (typically 1/4 inch magnetic audiotape) are gently rotated back and forth while the playback head is live and amplified, to isolate a specific spot on the tape where an editing "cut" is to be made. Today, both scratching and scrubbing can be done on
550:, the performance is cited by many 1980s-era DJs as their first exposure to scratching. The Street Sounds Electro compilation series which started in 1983 is also notable for early examples of scratching. Also, a notable piece was "For A Few Dollars More" by
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The DJ software uses this data (e.g., about how fast the platter is spinning) to determine the playback status, speed, scratch sound of the hardware turntables, etc., and it duplicates these effects on the digital audio files or computer tracks the DJ is
397:—were isolated and repeated for the purpose of all-night dance parties. He was influenced by Jamaican dub music, and developed his turntable techniques using the Technics SL-1100, released in 1971, due to its strong motor, durability, and fidelity.
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were unsuitable for scratching since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear and tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching. The first direct-drive turntable was invented by
Shuichi Obata, an engineer at
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without the audience hearing. When scratching, this crossfader is utilized in conjunction with the scratching hand that is manipulating the record platter. The hand manipulating the crossfader is used to cut in and out of the record's sound.
932:- A baby scratch with a "tear scratch" sound produced by the thumb running in the opposite direction as the fingers used to scratch. This rubbing of the thumb adds a vibrating effect or reverberation to forward movements on the turntable.
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Back-cueing was a key function in delivering this seamless stream of music. Radio personnel demanded robust equipment and manufacturers developed special tonearms, styli, cartridges and lightweight turntables to meet these demands.
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headphones, without the audience hearing, with scratching, the DJ intentionally lets the audience hear the sounds that are being created by manipulating the record on the turntable, by directing the output from the turntable to a
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926:- Performed while the turntable's motor is not running. The record platter is set in motion manually, then "tweaked" faster and slower to create a scratch. This scratch form is best performed with long, sustained sounds.
1000:- A variation of the "flare scratch" in which two faders are used simultaneously with one hand to cut the sound much faster. It can also be performed by using only the up fader and the phono line switch to cut the sound.
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883:, where "open" means that the signal is audible, and "closed" means that the signal is inaudible). This terminology is not unique; the following discussion, however, is consistent with the terminology used by
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players providing a turntable-like interface allow DJs to scratch not only material that was never released on vinyl, but also field recordings and samples from television and movies that have been burned to
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In the mid-1970s in the South Bronx, a young teen DJ named "Grand
Wizzard Theodore" (right) invented the "DJ scratch" technique. Other DJs, like Grandmaster Flash, took the technique to higher levels.
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magazine. Pedestrian is a UK arts organisation that runs Urban Music
Mentors workshops led by DJs. At these workshops, DJs teach youth how to create beats, use turntables to create mixes, act as an
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By manipulating the turntables' platters, speed controls, and other elements, the DJ thus controls how the computer plays back digitized audio and can therefore produce "scratching" and other
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that include trademark, novel or hard-to-find scratch "fodder" (material). The most recognizable samples used for scratching are the "Ahh" and "Fresh" samples, which originate from the song "
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Federation). At scratching competitions, DJs can use only scratch-oriented gear (turntables, DJ mixer, digital vinyl systems or vinyl records only). In recorded hip hop songs, scratched
908:- The simplest scratch form, it is performed with the scratching hand only, moving the record back and forth in continuous movements while the crossfader is in the open position.
950:- Describes any scratch, most commonly flares, that is repeated during the forward and backward movement of the record. "Orbit" is also used as a shorthand for two-click flares.
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There are many scratching techniques, which differ in how the movements of the record are combined with opening and closing the crossfader (or another fader or switch, such as a
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software, which may be combined with hardware elements, which allows a DJ to manipulate the playback of digital music files on a computer via a DJ control surface (generally
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to both mix and scratch. Tape DJing is rare, but
Ruthless Ramsey in the US, TJ Scratchavite in Italy and Mr Tape in Latvia use exclusively tape formats to perform.
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962:- with the crossfader closed, the record is moved with the scratching hand while periodically "tapping" the crossfader open and immediately closing it again.
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made a similar discovery with the SL-1200 in the 1970s. The
Technics SL-1200 went on to become the most widely used turntable for the next several decades.
327:. It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests. In 1969, Matsushita released it as the
508:" which is notable for its use of many DJ scratching techniques. It was the first commercial recording produced entirely using turntables. In 1982,
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but the back-cueing that you hear in your ear before you push it out to the crowd." He developed the technique when experimenting with the
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A rudimentary form of turntable manipulation that is related to scratching was developed in the late 1940s by radio music program hosts,
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supports only the audio interface sold with their software, requiring multiple interfaces for one computer to run multiple programs.
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held
Skratchcon2000, the first DJ Skratch forum that provided "the education and development of skratch music literacy". In 2001,
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operations that cannot be done with a conventional keyboard and mouse. DJ software performing computer scratch operations include
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While some turntablists consider the only true scratching media to be the vinyl disc, there are other ways to scratch, such as:
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367:, a direct-drive turntable released by Matsushita in 1972 when he found that the motor would continue to spin at the correct
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661:(DVS) consists of playing vinyl discs on turntables whose contents are a timecode signal instead of a real music record.
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The audio interface digitizes the timecode signal from the turntables and transfers it to the computer's DJ software.
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There is not a single standard of DVS, so each form of DJ software has its own settings. Some DJ software such as
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DJs. Although he is little-known to mainstream audiences, Marclay has been described as "the most influential
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was the first rock band he remembered seeing use turntable scratching. Product©1969 also recalled the early
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culture, scratching is one of the measures of a DJ's skills. DJs compete in scratching competitions at the
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382:, who immigrated to New York City, influenced the early development of scratching. Kool Herc developed
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became an independent company that works with DJ artists to produce and distribute scratch records.
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914:- The scribble scratch is by rapidly pushing the record back and forth. The crossfader is not used.
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920:- Equivalent to the baby and scribble scratch, but done more slowly. The crossfader is not used.
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was one of the earliest musicians to scratch outside hip hop. In the mid-1970s, Marclay used
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allmusic ((( More
Encores: Christian Marclay Plays With the Records Of... > Overview )))
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Since the 1990s, scratching has been used in a variety of popular music genres such as
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that has a crossfader and cue buttons to allow the DJ to cue up new music in their
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Scratching has been incorporated into a number of other musical genres, including
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Sounds that are frequently scratched include but are not limited to drum beats,
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so that the audience can hear the sounds. Scratching was developed by early
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1875:"DJ Dirty Digits | Aquaman Scratch | Watch And Learn - Scratch DJ Academy"
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DJ Dirty Digits | Aquaman
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The basic equipment setup for scratching includes two turntables and a
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179: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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The turntables' audio outputs are connected to the audio inputs of a
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Modern scratching techniques were made possible by the invention of
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even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter.
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operators. It was known as back-cueing, and was used to find the
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are often used instead of physically scratching a vinyl record.
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created by cutting in the crossfader on the backward movement.
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often use portions of other songs. Other music genres such as
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focuses on scratching. In 1994, the group was formed by DJs
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songs—being the most danceable part, often featuring
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The
Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel
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and IDA (International DJ Association), formerly known as
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Nicholas
Collins, Margaret Schedel, Scott Wilson (2013),
1628:"History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall"
1018:- A crab scratch using only the index and middle fingers.
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may be used to fade between two records simultaneously.
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for an extremely rapid continuous series of scratches.
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figure outside hip hop" and the "unwitting inventor of
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1421:. It has also been used by artists in pop music (e.g.
1292:, one of the first publications about hip hop DJs and
485:. He developed his turntable sounds independently of
520:", juxtaposing extensive scratching with calls from
1695:Electronic Music: Cambridge Introductions to Music
1394:on his guitar. Perhaps the best-known example is "
400:Although previous artists such as writer and poet
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1682:https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p312125/biography
404:had experimented with the idea of manipulating a
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418:(DAWs) which are equipped for these techniques.
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702:Some digital vinyl systems software include:
860:. Some DJs and anonymous collectors release
540:". This song was also performed live at the
449:DJ Sample of the song "Where it All Started"
57:to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds. A
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605:Freaky Flow - Drum N'Bass Jungle scratching
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1566:The World of DJs and the Turntable Culture
1473:Allmusic's Grand Wizard Theodore biography
826:DJs have also used magnetic tape, such as
579:Most scratches are produced by rotating a
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1664:Six Machines That Changed The Music World
1433:). Scratching is also popular in various
1363:band Proper Grounds, which was signed to
195:Learn how and when to remove this message
68:While scratching is most associated with
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1332:) and some contemporary and avant-garde
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1819:"World Hip Hop Classic - Mr. Tape 1991"
1793:Federico Nardella (19 September 2016).
1771:"DJ Ruthless Ramsey Scratch Tape Decks"
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1522:The Routledge Guide to Music Technology
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619:Sample of Drum N'Bass Jungle scratching
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1550:The Technics 1200 — Hammer Of The Gods
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409:production) when the reels of an open
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1743:"Hey, what's that sound: Turntablism"
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1390:that imitate scratching by using the
1122:switch position at beginning and end
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217:very beginning of the start of a song
1795:"TJ Scratchavite - Matthew's Cellar"
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1610:The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies
177:adding citations to reliable sources
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273:Sample of DJ Q-Bert scratching live
136:have also incorporated scratching.
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1741:McNamee, David (11 January 2010).
1304:at events, and perform club sets.
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1607:Trevor Pinch, Karin Bijsterveld,
1343:DJ Product©1969, formerly of the
1336:performances. For recording use,
566:, another pioneer of scratching.
1749:– via www.theguardian.com.
1493:, 65. New York: Serpent's Tail.
683:effects on songs which exist as
627:Problems playing this file? See
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457:Problems playing this file? See
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359:, who described scratching as, "
302:, which led to the emergence of
281:Problems playing this file? See
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2118:Two turntables and a microphone
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1817:Yussuf von Deck (14 May 2012).
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1277:Yerba Buena Center for the Arts
164:needs additional citations for
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966:Forward and backward scratch
259:DJ Q-Bert Hip Hop Scratching
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1851:"Course 5 – Scratch Combos"
1832:Hansen, Kjetil Falkenberg.
1519:Thom Holmes (18 Oct 2013).
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514:World's Famous Supreme Team
37:, sometimes referred to as
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1713:"Kjetil Falkenberg Hansen"
1701:Cambridge University Press
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1378:, known for his work with
416:digital audio workstations
345:sound reinforcement system
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110:DMC World DJ Championships
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2314:Releases and distribution
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1769:esponda (14 March 2008).
1525:. Routledge. p. 17.
889:Do It Yourself Scratching
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2428:African-American culture
2123:Vinyl emulation software
1461:Vinyl emulation software
1380:Rage Against the Machine
667:computer audio interface
524:, and, in 1983, the EP,
30:A DJ scratching a record
21:Scratch (disambiguation)
2098:Sound system (Jamaican)
1616:Oxford University Press
1572:Hal Leonard Corporation
807:& Itch, VirtualDJ,
300:direct-drive turntables
2046:Direct-drive turntable
1249:Invisibl Skratch Piklz
1167:open-close-open-close
1127:close-open-close-open
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585:direct drive turntable
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389:, where the breaks of
357:Grand Wizzard Theodore
335:series of turntables.
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241:Direct-drive turntable
49:technique of moving a
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1143:close-tap-open-close
1135:close-open-close-tap
1039:Three move sequences
653:Digital vinyl systems
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526:D'ya Like Scratchin'?
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308:belt-drive turntables
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16:Turntablism technique
1821:– via YouTube.
1797:– via YouTube.
1773:– via YouTube.
1483:DJ Grandmaster Flash
1451:List of turntablists
1351:, recalled that the
1324:, some subgenres of
1215:tap-open-close-open
1183:open-close-tap-open
1119:four move sequences
1025:Scratch combinations
791:, and perform other
744:Non-vinyl scratching
659:digital vinyl system
435:Where It All Started
402:William S. Burroughs
173:improve this article
53:back and forth on a
19:For other uses, see
2433:Hip hop terminology
2169:Chopped and screwed
1834:"S-Notation (2011)"
1308:Use outside hip hop
1223:tap-open-close-tap
1207:tap-tap-open-close
1175:open-close-tap-tap
1159:close-tap-tap-open
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959:Transformer scratch
930:Hydrophonic scratch
901:Faderless scratches
805:Serato Scratch Live
722:Serato Scratch Live
707:Traktor Scratch Pro
697:Serato Scratch Live
693:Traktor Scratch Pro
687:or computer tracks.
685:digital audio files
640:, which is a small
516:released a single "
504:released the song "
479:musical instruments
2408:Hip hop production
2367:Hip hop production
2016:Magnetic cartridge
1151:close-tap-tap-tap
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542:1984 Grammy Awards
471:gramophone records
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2423:Audio engineering
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2377:Record collecting
2103:Speaker enclosure
2093:Sound system (DJ)
1855:School of Scratch
1409:, exemplified by
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1199:tap-tap-tap-open
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1079:close-open-close
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536:-winning single "
502:Grandmaster Flash
467:Christian Marclay
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406:reel-to-reel tape
378:Jamaican-born DJ
340:hip hop musicians
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2355:Related articles
2264:Video scratching
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1437:styles, such as
1435:electronic music
1427:alternative rock
1386:, has performed
1369:Maverick Records
1294:record producers
1289:Scratch Magazine
1271:. In July 2000,
1247:subculture. The
1191:tap-tap-tap-tap
1116:
1113:
1071:open-close-open
1036:
1033:
912:Scribble scratch
895:Basic techniques
616:
615:
596:
575:Vinyl recordings
570:Basic techniques
556:Michael Beinhorn
446:
445:
426:
373:Afrika Bambaataa
365:Technics SL-1200
270:
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2382:Record producer
2350:
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2268:
2199:Harmonic mixing
2127:
2073:Monitor speaker
2026:Monitor speaker
1957:
1948:
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1813:Wayback Machine
1806:
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1789:Wayback Machine
1782:
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1765:Wayback Machine
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1548:Brian Coleman,
1547:
1540:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1469:
1456:Tape-bow violin
1447:
1396:Bulls on Parade
1334:classical music
1310:
1269:Mix Master Mike
1240:
1231:
1111:
1063:close-tap-open
1055:tap-open-close
1047:open-close-tap
1027:
1016:Twiddle scratch
897:
870:Change the Beat
862:12-inch singles
841:
769:vinyl emulation
752:Specialized DJ-
746:
655:
634:
633:
625:
623:
622:
621:
620:
617:
610:
607:
600:
594:
588:"record burn".
577:
572:
564:Grand Mixer DXT
510:Malcolm McLaren
464:
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116:(International
100:, rapcore, and
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2328:
2326:Battle records
2323:
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2297:
2292:
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2266:
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2259:Voice-tracking
2256:
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2095:
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2055:
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2053:
2048:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Mixing console
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1912:on 2017-10-13.
1890:
1866:
1842:
1824:
1800:
1776:
1752:
1733:
1722:
1719:on 2010-01-01.
1704:
1685:
1674:
1656:
1647:
1636:. October 2015
1619:
1593:
1576:
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1531:
1510:
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1480:
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1309:
1306:
1239:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1226:closed-closed
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1210:closed-closed
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1194:closed-closed
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1178:closed-closed
1176:
1172:
1171:
1170:closed-closed
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1148:
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1136:
1132:
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1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1098:closed-closed
1096:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:close-tap-tap
1084:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1058:closed-closed
1056:
1052:
1051:
1050:closed-closed
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
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1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
971:
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969:
955:
954:
953:
952:
951:
935:
934:
933:
927:
921:
915:
896:
893:
866:battle records
847:, spoken word
840:
837:
836:
835:
824:
765:
745:
742:
741:
740:
735:
730:
724:
719:
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709:
689:
688:
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654:
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624:
618:
608:
603:
602:
601:
592:
591:
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576:
573:
571:
568:
530:Herbie Hancock
522:square dancing
483:sound collages
454:
448:
438:
433:
432:
431:
422:
421:
420:
338:In the 1970s,
278:
272:
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257:
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161:
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15:
9:
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3:
2:
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2401:
2400:
2398:
2383:
2380:
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2375:
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2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Controllerism
2360:
2359:
2357:
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2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Remix service
2339:
2337:
2334:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
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2319:
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2257:
2255:
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2250:
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2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2204:Interpolation
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Beat juggling
2147:
2145:
2144:Back spinning
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
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2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
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2091:
2089:
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2081:
2079:
2078:Pitch control
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:Record player
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1999:Digital delay
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
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1987:
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1982:
1980:
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1586:
1580:
1573:
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1551:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1532:9781135477806
1528:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1500:
1499:1-85242-243-2
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:Artist Direct
1474:
1471:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:Nelly Furtado
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
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1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
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1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:San Francisco
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:San Francisco
1250:
1246:
1235:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
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1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1103:tap-tap-open
1102:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1006:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:
988:
987:Flare scratch
984:
983:
981:
977:
976:
975:Chirp scratch
972:
967:
964:
963:
961:
960:
956:
949:
948:
947:Orbit scratch
944:
943:
941:
940:
936:
931:
928:
925:
924:Tweak scratch
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
898:
892:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
850:
846:
833:
829:
825:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:can scratch,
786:
783:controller).
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:
749:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
717:VirtualDJ Pro
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
698:
694:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:
668:
664:
663:
662:
660:
650:
647:
643:
639:
632:
630:
606:
589:
586:
582:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
462:
460:
436:
419:
417:
412:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:New York City
350:
346:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
301:
292:
286:
284:
260:
242:
238:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
213:audio console
210:
199:
196:
188:
178:
174:
168:
167:
162:This section
160:
156:
151:
150:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
70:hip hop music
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
22:
2336:Digital pool
2243:
2154:Beatmatching
2139:Audio mixing
1989:Effects unit
1984:Drum machine
1910:the original
1905:
1882:. Retrieved
1878:
1869:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1827:
1809:Ghostarchive
1807:Archived at
1803:
1785:Ghostarchive
1783:Archived at
1779:
1761:Ghostarchive
1759:Archived at
1755:
1747:The Guardian
1746:
1736:
1725:
1717:the original
1707:
1694:
1688:
1677:
1667:
1659:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1609:
1583:
1579:
1565:
1560:
1521:
1514:
1491:Rap Attack 2
1490:
1404:
1388:guitar solos
1373:
1342:
1311:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1241:
1232:
1218:closed-open
1202:closed-open
1186:closed-open
1154:open-closed
1146:open-closed
1138:open-closed
1106:closed-open
1095:tap-tap-tap
1090:open-closed
1082:open-closed
1074:closed-open
1028:
1015:
1009:Crab scratch
1007:
998:Euro scratch
997:
985:
973:
965:
957:
945:
939:Tear scratch
937:
929:
923:
918:Drag scratch
917:
911:
906:Baby scratch
905:
900:
888:
878:
874:Fab 5 Freddy
842:
832:reel to reel
747:
701:
690:
656:
635:
626:
581:vinyl record
578:
552:Bill Laswell
545:
534:Grammy Award
525:
518:Buffalo Gals
499:
465:
456:
411:reel-to-reel
399:
377:
360:
337:
319:), based in
297:
280:
225:
221:
209:disc jockeys
206:
191:
182:
171:Please help
166:verification
163:
67:
51:vinyl record
38:
34:
33:
2331:Rare groove
2249:Slip-cueing
2224:Needle drop
2113:Synthesizer
2031:Phono input
1979:DJ software
1955:turntablism
1654:Toop, 1991.
1487:Toop, David
1419:Limp Bizkit
1411:Linkin Park
1392:kill switch
1376:Tom Morello
1357:the Vandals
1326:heavy metal
1281:Thud Rumble
881:kill switch
797:Traktor Pro
793:turntablist
681:turntablism
495:turntablism
304:turntablism
237:Turntablism
231:Turntablism
185:August 2019
118:Turntablist
86:house music
47:turntablist
2397:Categories
2244:Scratching
2219:Music loop
2159:Beatmixing
2132:Techniques
2063:Microphone
2006:Headphones
1884:2024-02-25
1860:2024-02-25
1697:, page 105
1672:, May 2002
1633:Reverb.com
1612:, page 515
1506:References
1485:quoted in
1400:crossfader
1384:Audioslave
1374:Guitarist
1267:and later
1238:Subculture
1162:open-open
1130:open-open
1066:open-open
845:horn stabs
817:Deckadance
762:jog wheels
754:CD players
733:Deckadance
646:headphones
629:media help
512:& the
481:to create
475:turntables
459:media help
395:percussion
384:break-beat
313:Matsushita
283:media help
235:See also:
145:Precursors
90:rock music
59:crossfader
35:Scratching
2413:Rap metal
2290:Transform
2273:Scratches
2254:Pitch cue
2108:Subwoofer
2036:PA system
1962:Equipment
1585:Billboard
1568:, page 43
1475:(also at
1361:rap metal
1353:punk rock
1328:(notably
1286:In 2004,
789:beatmatch
773:emulation
712:Cross DVS
491:turntable
380:Kool Herc
351:DJs from
317:Panasonic
98:rap metal
55:turntable
39:scrubbing
2418:Rap rock
2239:Sampling
2229:Phrasing
2174:Chopping
2068:Minutoli
1974:DJ mixer
1811:and the
1787:and the
1763:and the
1590:page 140
1489:(1991).
1445:See also
1415:Slipknot
1407:nu metal
1345:rap rock
1338:samplers
1330:nu metal
1265:Shortkut
885:DJ QBert
828:cassette
657:Using a
638:DJ mixer
560:Material
500:In 1981
355:such as
333:Technics
306:. Early
102:nu metal
94:rap rock
92:such as
82:trip hop
63:DJ mixer
2346:Mixtape
2179:Covered
2088:Slipmat
2083:Sampler
2051:SL-1200
1467:Sources
1431:Incubus
1365:Madonna
1298:Tablist
887:on his
864:called
849:samples
809:M-Audio
760:) with
727:M-Audio
547:Scratch
487:hip hop
361:nothing
349:hip hop
140:History
122:"hooks"
106:hip hop
41:, is a
2321:DJ mix
2214:Medley
2209:Mashup
2058:Laptop
1994:Reverb
1640:5 June
1574:, 2003
1554:Medium
1529:
1497:
1439:techno
1429:(e.g.
1425:) and
1349:Hed PE
1263:&
1257:Q-Bert
980:attack
839:Sounds
811:Torq,
771:is an
676:using.
538:Rockit
132:, and
84:, and
78:techno
2403:DJing
2300:Chirp
2295:Flare
2280:Orbit
2234:Remix
2164:Break
1951:DJing
1837:(PDF)
1669:Wired
1355:band
1347:band
1251:from
891:DVD.
872:" by
821:Cross
801:Mixxx
779:or a
642:mixer
583:on a
558:band
387:DJing
329:SP-10
325:Japan
321:Osaka
315:(now
104:. In
76:like
61:on a
2372:Rave
2305:Crab
2285:Tear
2194:Drop
2011:iPod
1953:and
1642:2016
1527:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1417:and
1382:and
1322:jazz
1318:rock
1261:Disk
992:crab
858:CD-R
813:DJay
777:MIDI
738:Xwax
729:Torq
473:and
391:funk
239:and
134:rock
126:jazz
88:and
45:and
2189:Cut
2184:Cue
1969:CDJ
1367:'s
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1275:'s
830:or
785:DJs
781:HID
758:CDJ
695:or
532:'s
497:."
477:as
369:RPM
175:by
130:pop
114:ITF
74:EDM
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