36:
1268:
These languages may be technically equivalent to an application-specific extension language but when an application embeds a "common" language, the user gets the advantage of being able to transfer skills from application to application. A more generic alternative is simply to provide a library (often a C library) that a general-purpose language can use to control the application, without modifying the language for the specific domain.
93:
1373:) also use an embedded language. During the development, this allows them to prototype features faster and tweak more freely, without the need for the user to have intimate knowledge of the inner workings of the application or to rebuild it after each tweak (which can take a significant amount of time). The scripting languages used for this purpose range from the more common and more famous
758:(VBA) provided strong integration with the automation facilities of an underlying system. Embedding of such general-purpose scripting languages instead of developing a new language for each application also had obvious benefits, relieving the application developer of the need to code a language translator from scratch and allowing the user to apply skills learned elsewhere.
1118:
graphs, lists, matrices, etc. Third-party implementations of more comprehensive Basic version that may be closer to variants listed as glue languages in this article are available—and attempts to implement Perl, Rexx, or various operating system shells on the TI and HP graphing calculators are also mentioned. PC-based C
1267:
A number of languages have been designed for the purpose of replacing application-specific scripting languages by being embeddable in application programs. The application programmer (working in C or another systems language) includes "hooks" where the scripting language can control the application.
1199:
With the advent of graphical user interfaces, a specialized kind of scripting language emerged for controlling a computer. These languages interact with the same graphic windows, menus, buttons, and so on, that a human user would. They do this by simulating the actions of a user. These languages are
1234:
Application specific languages can be split in many different categories, i.e. standalone based app languages (executable) or internal application specific languages (postscript, xml, gscript as some of the widely distributed scripts, respectively implemented by Adobe, MS and Google) among others
1117:
series of calculators could be seen as a successor to this. The primary on-board high-level programming languages of most graphing calculators (most often Basic variants, sometimes Lisp derivatives, and more uncommonly, C derivatives) in many cases can glue together calculator functions—such as
1122:
for some of the TI and HP machines used with tools that convert between C and Perl, Rexx, AWK, and shell scripts to Perl, Modern Pascal, VBScript to and from Perl make it possible to write a program in a glue language for eventual implementation (as a compiled program) on the calculator.
1086:
Other devices like programmable calculators may also have glue languages; the operating systems of PDAs such as
Windows CE may have available native or third-party macro tools that glue applications together, in addition to implementations of common glue languages—including
1349:
Other complex and task-oriented applications may incorporate and expose an embedded programming language to allow their users more control and give them more functionality than can be available through a user interface, no matter how sophisticated. For example,
846:"wrapper" programs for executables, like a batch file that moves or manipulates files and does other things with the operating system before or after running an application like a word processor, spreadsheet, data base, assembler, compiler, etc.;
1333:
was originally created as a job control language, but is widely used as an extension language as well as a general-purpose language. Perl is a general-purpose language, but had the
Oraperl (1990) dialect, consisting of a
199:. A language may start as small and highly domain-specific and later develop into a portable and general-purpose language; conversely, a general-purpose language may later develop special domain-specific dialects.
488:
A language that is primarily intended for scripting generally has limited capabilities compared to a general-purpose language. A scripting language may lack the functionality to write complex applications.
652:
Scripts are often created or modified by the person executing them, but they are also often distributed, such as when large portions of games are written in a scripting language, notably the
452:
A script is generally relatively short and simple. As there is no limit on size or complexity, script is subjective. A few lines of code without branching is probably considered a script. A
2033:
1207:
These languages could in principle be used to control any GUI application; but, in practice their use is limited because their use needs support from the application and from the
1243:
and the game environment. Languages of this sort are designed for a single application; and, while they may superficially resemble a specific general-purpose language (e.g.
1255:, contains many special features that make it most useful for extending the editing functions of Emacs. An application-specific scripting language can be viewed as a
2780:
1075:
engine (VBScript, JScript and VBA by default in
Windows and third-party engines including implementations of Rexx, Perl, Tcl, Python, XSLT, Ruby, Modern Pascal,
1939:
259:), originally limited to running in a web browser to dynamically modify a web page; later enhanced into a widely portable, general-purpose programming language
2003:
1651:
802:
1169:, which relates to starting and controlling the behavior of system programs (in this sense, one might think of shells as being descendants of IBM's JCL, or
765:
typically provide a language for writing extensions to the browser itself, and several standard embedded languages for controlling the browser, including
1576:
1952:
1211:. There are a few exceptions to this limitation. Some GUI scripting languages are based on recognizing graphical objects from their display screen
135:
and languages were relatively simple. Today, scripting is more pervasive and some languages include modern features that allow them to be used for
497:
Typically, a script starts executing at the first line of code whereas an application typically starts at a special point in the code called the
2102:
1099:, Rexx, Modern Pascal, PHP, and Perl. Depending upon the OS version, WSH and the default script engines (VBScript and JScript) are available.
2037:
17:
304:, text-processing language that later developed into a general-purpose language; also used as an extension language for various applications
2773:
833:. But if a substantial amount of logic is written in script, it is better characterized as simply another software component, not "glue".
1114:
1932:
1864:
188:
refers to a small program in such a language; typically, contained in a single file, and no larger than a few thousand lines of code.
754:
were specifically designed as general-purpose scripting languages that could be embedded in any application. Other languages such as
2166:
2766:
2516:
2378:
1147:. Sometimes text editors and edit macros are used under the covers to provide other applications, e.g., FILELIST and RDRLIST in
2873:
2863:
2522:
1501:
1317:
was created as an extension language but has come to be used more frequently as a general-purpose language in roles similar to
1907:
2921:
2878:
2868:
2858:
1925:
1204:" when control is through simulated key presses or mouse clicks, as well as tapping or pressing on a touch-activated screen.
1201:
1594:
1541:
785:
Scripting languages can be categorized into several different types, with a considerable degree of overlap among the types.
2835:
2707:
2455:
1256:
196:
159:
2175:
1891:
1398:
79:
57:
1109:, by factory default can be programmed with a command script language. Inclusion of the scripting and glue language
50:
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2227:
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1284:
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2407:
2280:
2211:
2146:
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1386:
2944:
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2585:
2348:
1978:
716:
703:, the ability to embed commands in scripts that, when interpreted, insert a character string into the script.
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2363:
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2131:
1807:
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2156:
2136:
2111:
2074:
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1516:
1131:
A number of text editors support macros written either using a macro language built into the editor, e.g.,
1047:
languages exposed to operating system or application components can serve as glue languages. These include
913:
174:
355:, for text-processing; available in most Unix-like operating systems and ported to other operating systems
2702:
2465:
2432:
2327:
2303:
2265:
2245:
2141:
2050:
2028:
2013:
1326:
1252:
987:
957:
941:
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505:
344:
278:
244:
208:
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2313:
2180:
2059:
1993:
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1110:
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927:
751:
621:
293:
1235:
include an idiomatic scripting language tailored to the needs of the application user. Likewise, many
480:
A script usually automates a task that would otherwise be performed by a person in a more manual way.
2742:
2507:
2417:
2397:
2383:
798:
264:
2722:
2682:
2625:
2557:
2295:
2126:
1215:. These GUI scripting languages do not depend on support from the operating system or application.
1174:
1044:
884:
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441:
192:
148:
44:
2732:
2712:
2653:
2640:
2620:
2447:
2184:
2088:
2046:
1917:
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Some other types of applications that need faster feature addition or tweak-and-run cycles (e.g.
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429:
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2255:
2250:
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1998:
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132:
61:
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2532:
2484:
2054:
1418:
1339:
1102:
Programmable calculators can be programmed in glue languages in three ways. For example, the
1860:
1173:, which was used for exactly this purpose). Many of these languages' interpreters double as
1079:, and C). A majority of applications can access and use operating system components via the
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2789:
2737:
2717:
2677:
2479:
2338:
2207:
2194:
1948:
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1240:
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903:
673:
181:
136:
125:
416:
Script is a subjective characterization that generally includes the following attributes.
8:
2672:
2610:
2422:
2402:
2388:
2120:
1988:
1983:
1427:
1072:
1064:
177:
97:
2489:
2442:
2358:
2217:
2116:
2008:
1413:
1403:
1359:
1132:
1032:
952:
810:
794:
665:
461:
339:, general-purpose language that runs on many platforms; also used as extension language
2813:
2808:
2645:
2537:
2392:
2368:
2308:
2275:
2237:
2222:
2161:
1887:
1705:
1136:
1103:
1076:
1017:
680:
385:
313:
222:
363:, for Unix-like environments, popular in the 1990s; can be used in conjunction with
151:
for a particular environment. When embedded in an application, it may be called an
2527:
2459:
2323:
2064:
1408:
1208:
691:, which controlled running computer programs within a computer program, the shell.
669:
469:
396:
233:
1494:
2758:
2577:
2451:
2317:
2018:
1911:
1782:
1602:
1545:
1279:
has made it popular as a general-purpose embeddable language. In particular, the
1219:
1119:
822:
1469:
2629:
2285:
2151:
1447:
1422:
843:
smaller programs than those that are better implemented in a compiled language;
817:. Pipelines and shell scripting are archetypal examples of glue languages, and
720:
457:
281:, family of general-purpose and extension languages for applications including
1342:
compiled in. This has however since been replaced by a library (Perl Module),
1060:
2933:
2615:
1351:
1304:
1292:
1239:
systems use a custom scripting language to express the programmed actions of
1236:
692:
688:
653:
364:
271:
191:
The scope of scripting languages ranges from small to large, and from highly
1684:
1071:
can also be considered glue languages, as can any language implemented by a
855:
of a solution eventually implemented in another, usually compiled, language.
2803:
1300:
1271:
JavaScript began as and primarily still is a language for scripting inside
1160:
1080:
1021:
1005:
908:
712:
684:
1343:
2497:
1382:
1370:
1296:
1272:
1200:
typically used to automate user actions. Such languages are also called "
1188:
1183:
1056:
864:
762:
761:
Some software incorporates several different scripting languages. Modern
498:
433:
268:
217:, for text-processing, generally available in Unix-like operating systems
1165:
A major class of scripting languages has grown out of the automation of
1490:
1276:
1248:
1178:
1096:
1088:
918:
869:
830:
770:
766:
512:
which need not be at the top of the code. The following code starts at
309:
282:
256:
252:
109:
1831:
1706:"What is glue code (glue code language)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
1291:. Other applications embedding ECMAScript implementations include the
676:(JCL) is the archetype of languages used to control batch processing.
628:
function or other syntax such as a class definition required by Java.
1625:
1247:, modeled after C), they have custom features that distinguish them.
1052:
1009:
806:
508:
is not script-like since an application starts at the function named
465:
230:
683:
were developed in the 1960s to enable remote operation of the first
184:, while others use a form of compilation. In this context, the term
108:
is a relatively short and simple set of instructions that typically
1595:"TRAC, A Procedure-Describing Language for the Reactive Typewriter"
1027:
894:
826:
732:
731:. Multics included an offshoot of CTSS RUNCOM, also called RUNCOM.
728:
453:
437:
425:
381:
112:
an otherwise manual process. The act of writing a script is called
1947:
836:
Glue languages are especially useful for writing and maintaining:
727:
in 1966. He originally called this processor COMMAND, later named
1569:
IBM System/360 Operating System Job
Control Language (C28-6529-4)
1280:
1013:
982:
922:
825:
can be considered a use of glue languages, interfacing between a
704:
404:
1218:
When the GUI provides the appropriate interfaces, as in the IBM
1756:
1244:
736:
724:
715:
wrote an early processor for command scripts called RUNCOM for
373:
92:
1842:
1223:
1212:
1144:
1140:
1106:
967:
898:
321:
317:
286:
147:
A scripting language can be a general purpose language or a
1335:
1330:
1322:
1037:
1002:
977:
937:
818:
740:
336:
301:
226:
1314:
1308:
1191:
offer the use of
English-like commands to build scripts.
1092:
1068:
997:
947:
774:
747:
360:
352:
214:
1582:
from the original on May 25, 2023 – via bitsavers.
166:, particularly for job control languages on mainframes.
162:
if it operates at a high level of abstraction, or as a
428:– at least not its usual meaning. Generally, they are
1542:"In Praise of Scripting: Real Programming Pragmatism"
803:
programming in the large and programming in the small
1652:"VM and the VM Community: Past, Present, and Future"
180:
programming languages in general. Some are strictly
1154:
813:, and a language specialized for this purpose is a
668:(in the 1950s) were non-interactive, instead using
131:Originally, scripting was limited to automating an
2788:
1275:; however, the standardization of the language as
1139:(VIM), or using an external implementation, e.g.,
1262:
1229:
158:A scripting language is sometimes referred to as
2931:
1287:is embedded in several environments such as the
821:was initially developed to fill this same role.
173:is sometimes used in a wider sense, to refer to
1731:"Interpreted vs Compiled Programming Languages"
1565:
456:of multiple files, that performs sophisticated
331:, general-purpose as well as extension language
1251:, while a fully formed and capable dialect of
699:language is generally credited with inventing
296:, extension language used by many applications
2774:
1933:
372:TrainzScript, custom, extension language for
347:, multiple-paradigm, general-purpose language
1808:"Job Control Basics (Bash Reference Manual)"
1495:"Programming is Hard, Let's Go Scripting..."
723:at MIT wrote a scripting language for IBM's
267:, custom, extension language for scripting
27:Programming language designed for scripting
2781:
2767:
1940:
1926:
1858:
1626:"Multics Glossary – A — (active function)"
1514:
2004:Programming in the large and in the small
1461:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1467:
1448:"ECMAScript 2019 Language Specification"
1063:, Hummingbird Basic, QuickScript, Rexx,
395:(VBA), extension language developed for
91:
43:This article includes a list of general
1859:van Rossum, Guido (January 6–8, 1998).
1226:, can be used for writing GUI scripts.
14:
2932:
1881:
1728:
1649:
1592:
1504:from the original on December 8, 2023.
1440:
1067:, and WinWrap Basic. Other tools like
624:code prints "Hello World" without the
2762:
1921:
1783:"Shell scripts - What can you change"
1682:
1623:
1259:specialized to a single application.
1222:, a generic scripting language, e.g.
472:is probably not considered a script.
447:
225:, interpreted language for scripting
197:general-purpose programming languages
1780:
1489:
1257:domain-specific programming language
840:custom commands for a command shell;
492:
202:
160:very high-level programming language
29:
1126:
793:Scripting is often contrasted with
483:
24:
1908:Patterns for Scripted Applications
1875:
1867:from the original on Jan 19, 2024.
1861:"Glue It All Together With Python"
1754:
1729:Larson, Quincy (10 January 2020).
1515:Brown, Vicki; Morin, Rich (1999).
411:
139:development as well as scripting.
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2956:
1901:
1685:"Multics Glossary – R — (RUNCOM)"
1470:"Beginner's Introduction to Perl"
1399:Architecture description language
788:
407:supports user-contributed scripts
2548:Partitioned global address space
1914: (archived October 10, 2004)
1884:The World of Scripting Languages
1539:
1194:
1155:Job control languages and shells
247:-like, object-oriented scripting
34:
1852:
1835:
1824:
1800:
1774:
1748:
1722:
1698:
1676:
1544:. IEEE Computer. Archived from
2790:Types of programming languages
1882:Barron, David William (2001).
1650:Varian, Melinda (April 1991).
1643:
1617:
1586:
1566:IBM Corporation (March 1967).
1559:
1533:
1508:
1483:
1263:Extension/embeddable languages
1230:Application-specific languages
805:". In this view, scripting is
647:
419:
13:
1:
2890:
1468:Sheppard, Doug (2000-10-16).
1433:
1381:to lesser-known ones such as
1354:3D authoring tools embed the
1049:Visual Basic for Applications
853:Rapid application development
756:Visual Basic for Applications
393:Visual Basic for Applications
18:Script (computer programming)
2922:Programming paradigms navbox
2075:Uniform Function Call Syntax
520:which prints "Hello World".
475:
128:that is used for scripting.
7:
2543:Parallel programming models
2517:Concurrent constraint logic
1392:
735:was eventually replaced by
620:In contrast, the following
367:to develop GUI applications
209:List of scripting languages
142:
10:
2961:
2636:Metalinguistic abstraction
2503:Automatic mutual exclusion
1158:
659:
206:
2849:
2796:
2691:
2576:
2508:Choreographic programming
2478:
2294:
2236:
2193:
2096:
2087:
2027:
1969:
1960:
1683:Van Vleck, Thomas (ed.).
1624:Van Vleck, Thomas (ed.).
1175:command-line interpreters
625:
517:
513:
509:
464:interface or complicated
265:Linden Scripting Language
2558:Relativistic programming
859:Glue language examples:
849:scripts that may change;
780:
687:systems, and these used
630:
522:
442:just-in-time compilation
424:A script is usually not
193:domain-specific language
149:domain-specific language
1593:Mooers, Calvin (1965).
639:"Hello World"
570:"Hello World"
440:or run as native after
64:more precise citations.
2568:Structured concurrency
1953:Comparison by language
1847:Underground Oracle FAQ
1832:Oraperl - ", metacpan.
1356:Maya Embedded Language
1083:or its own functions.
880:Embeddable Common Lisp
799:Ousterhout's dichotomy
679:The first interactive
133:operating system shell
101:
2945:Programming paradigms
2911:Programming languages
2533:Multitier programming
2349:Interface description
1949:Programming paradigms
1517:"Scripting Languages"
1419:Interpreter directive
1340:Oracle Call Interface
1329:. On the other hand,
1241:non-player characters
182:interpreted languages
95:
1450:. Ecma International
1289:Yahoo! Widget Engine
1171:Job Control Language
701:command substitution
674:Job Control Language
126:programming language
2940:Scripting languages
2673:Self-modifying code
2281:Probabilistic logic
2212:Functional reactive
2167:Expression-oriented
2121:Partial application
1428:Templating language
1366:to fill this role.
1073:Windows Script Host
811:software components
666:mainframe computers
376:railroad simulators
2586:Attribute-oriented
2359:List comprehension
2304:Algebraic modeling
2117:Anonymous function
2009:Design by contract
1979:Jackson structures
1664:on October 6, 2011
1414:Configuration file
1404:Authoring language
1187:. Others, such as
1133:The SemWare Editor
1033:Work Flow Language
795:system programming
746:Languages such as
448:Short & simple
171:scripting language
153:extension language
118:Scripting language
102:
2900:Computer language
2887:
2886:
2756:
2755:
2646:Program synthesis
2538:Organic computing
2474:
2473:
2379:Non-English-based
2354:Language-oriented
2132:Purely functional
2083:
2082:
1143:, or both, e.g.,
1104:Texas Instruments
493:Starts at the top
386:Microsoft Windows
314:Microsoft Windows
234:operating systems
203:Notable languages
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2952:
2926:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2658:by demonstration
2563:Service-oriented
2553:Process-oriented
2528:Macroprogramming
2513:Concurrent logic
2384:Page description
2374:Natural language
2344:Grammar-oriented
2271:Nondeterministic
2260:Constraint logic
2162:Point-free style
2157:Functional logic
2094:
2093:
2065:Immutable object
1984:Block-structured
1967:
1966:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1897:
1869:
1868:
1856:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1781:Axelsson, Mats.
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1657:. Archived from
1656:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1601:. Archived from
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1574:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1537:
1531:
1530:
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1506:
1505:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1409:Build automation
1209:operating system
1186:
1127:Editor languages
709:active functions
670:batch processing
643:
640:
637:
634:
627:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
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519:
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511:
484:Limited language
470:multiprogramming
397:Microsoft Office
384:, for scripting
312:, for scripting
164:control language
104:In computing, a
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
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2955:
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2953:
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2950:
2949:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2845:
2836:Very high-level
2792:
2787:
2757:
2752:
2694:
2687:
2578:Metaprogramming
2572:
2488:
2483:
2470:
2452:Graph rewriting
2290:
2266:Inductive logic
2246:Abductive logic
2232:
2189:
2152:Dependent types
2100:
2079:
2051:Prototype-based
2031:
2029:Object-oriented
2023:
2019:Nested function
2014:Invariant-based
1956:
1946:
1912:Wayback Machine
1904:
1894:
1878:
1876:Further reading
1873:
1872:
1857:
1853:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1757:"Script Adalah"
1755:Balkis, Anton.
1753:
1749:
1739:
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1727:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1704:
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1699:
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1661:
1654:
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1599:TRAC Foundation
1591:
1587:
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1572:
1564:
1560:
1551:
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1538:
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1523:
1513:
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1475:
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1466:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1395:
1307:(for scripting
1283:implementation
1265:
1232:
1220:Workplace Shell
1197:
1182:
1163:
1157:
1129:
1120:cross-compilers
1042:
823:Web development
791:
783:
662:
650:
645:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
606:printHelloWorld
605:
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587:
584:
581:
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543:printHelloWorld
542:
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527:
524:
518:printHelloWorld
495:
486:
478:
450:
422:
414:
412:Characteristics
211:
205:
145:
122:script language
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2448:Transformation
2445:
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2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2386:
2381:
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2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Differentiable
2331:
2321:
2314:Automata-based
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
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2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2181:Function-level
2178:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2043:
2041:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Non-structured
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1902:External links
1900:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1863:. python.org.
1851:
1834:
1823:
1799:
1773:
1747:
1735:Free Code Camp
1721:
1697:
1675:
1642:
1616:
1585:
1558:
1540:Loui, Ronald.
1532:
1507:
1493:(2007-12-12).
1482:
1460:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:Shebang (Unix)
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1338:4 binary with
1264:
1261:
1231:
1228:
1196:
1193:
1181:or the MS-DOS
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1128:
1125:
1041:
1040:
1035:
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906:
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892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
857:
856:
850:
847:
844:
841:
790:
789:Glue languages
787:
782:
779:
769:(a dialect of
721:Stuart Madnick
661:
658:
649:
646:
631:
523:
494:
491:
485:
482:
477:
474:
449:
446:
432:directly from
421:
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410:
409:
408:
401:
400:
389:
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306:
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237:
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219:
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204:
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144:
141:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2957:
2946:
2943:
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2938:
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2923:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2901:
2895:
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2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:Data-oriented
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2684:
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2627:
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2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Homoiconicity
2614:
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2559:
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2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Concurrent OO
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
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2493:
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2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Set-theoretic
2416:
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2411:
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2398:Probabilistic
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2209:
2206:
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2177:
2176:Concatenative
2173:
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2150:
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2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
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1924:
1923:
1920:
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1909:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1893:0-471-99886-9
1889:
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1758:
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1725:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1686:
1679:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1605:on 2001-04-25
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1578:
1571:
1570:
1562:
1548:on 2015-09-23
1547:
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1352:Autodesk Maya
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:Adobe Acrobat
1302:
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1282:
1278:
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1269:
1260:
1258:
1254:
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1242:
1238:
1237:computer game
1227:
1225:
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1216:
1214:
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1203:
1195:GUI scripting
1192:
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1185:
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1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
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1100:
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1081:object models
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1039:
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1006:Shell scripts
1004:
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839:
838:
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832:
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824:
820:
816:
815:glue language
812:
809:, connecting
808:
804:
800:
796:
786:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:around 1964.
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:Calvin Mooers
690:
689:shell scripts
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
657:
655:
654:Google Chrome
629:
623:
521:
516:, then calls
507:
504:For example,
502:
500:
490:
481:
473:
471:
467:
463:
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280:
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276:
273:
272:virtual world
270:
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84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2925:}}
2919:{{
2914:}}
2908:{{
2903:}}
2897:{{
2723:Event-driven
2412:
2127:Higher-order
2055:Object-based
1883:
1854:
1846:
1837:
1826:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1760:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1598:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1510:
1497:
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1442:
1371:game engines
1368:
1348:
1313:
1301:ActionScript
1285:SpiderMonkey
1273:web browsers
1270:
1266:
1233:
1217:
1206:
1198:
1177:such as the
1164:
1161:Shell script
1130:
1101:
1085:
1043:
909:CoffeeScript
858:
835:
814:
792:
784:
763:web browsers
760:
745:
713:Louis Pouzin
708:
707:calls these
700:
685:time-sharing
678:
663:
656:T-rex game.
651:
619:
503:
496:
487:
479:
451:
423:
415:
399:applications
190:
185:
170:
168:
163:
157:
152:
146:
130:
124:describes a
121:
117:
113:
105:
103:
96:GDScript in
76:
67:
48:
2819:Interpreted
2733:Intentional
2713:Data-driven
2695:of concerns
2654:Inferential
2641:Multi-stage
2621:Interactive
2498:Actor-based
2485:distributed
2428:Stack-based
2228:Synchronous
2185:Value-level
2172:Applicative
2089:Declarative
2047:Class-based
1792:23 February
1766:23 February
1740:23 February
1491:Wall, Larry
1383:AngelScript
1362:which uses
1344:DBD::Oracle
1297:Adobe Flash
1189:AppleScript
1184:COMMAND.COM
1167:job control
1137:vi improved
1097:Unix shells
1095:, and some
1061:CorelScript
1057:LotusScript
1024:and others)
865:AppleScript
648:Single user
499:entry point
434:source code
430:interpreted
420:Interpreted
269:Second Life
137:application
70:August 2024
62:introducing
2934:Categories
2851:Generation
2831:High-level
2708:Components
2693:Separation
2668:Reflective
2662:by example
2606:Extensible
2480:Concurrent
2456:Production
2443:Templating
2423:Simulation
2408:Scientific
2328:Spacecraft
2256:Constraint
2251:Answer set
2203:Flow-based
2103:comparison
2098:Functional
2070:Persistent
2034:comparison
1999:Procedural
1971:Structured
1962:Imperative
1817:2022-05-20
1787:Linux Hint
1715:2022-01-31
1710:WhatIs.com
1552:2013-08-27
1526:2009-07-22
1476:2011-01-08
1472:. Perl.com
1454:2018-04-02
1434:References
1277:ECMAScript
1249:Emacs Lisp
1179:Unix shell
1089:Windows NT
953:PowerShell
919:JavaScript
870:ColdFusion
831:web server
771:ECMAScript
767:JavaScript
531:HelloWorld
466:algorithms
310:PowerShell
283:Emacs Lisp
257:ECMAScript
253:JavaScript
207:See also:
178:high-level
45:references
2826:Low-level
2595:Inductive
2591:Automatic
2413:Scripting
2112:Recursive
1886:. Wiley.
1761:Raja Tips
1295:products
1115:TI-NSpire
1053:WordBasic
807:glue code
476:Automates
231:Unix-like
169:The term
114:scripting
2891:See also
2841:Esoteric
2814:Compiled
2809:Assembly
2748:Subjects
2738:Literate
2728:Features
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