707:
cool thing about this guy that he has gills?' And no one was listening. I was there basically taking notes from , who was very nice, fine to work with, but he was not a writer. And he had written a bunch of stuff that they wouldn't let their staff touch. So I was supposed to be there for a week, and I was there for seven weeks, and I accomplished nothing. I wrote a few puns, and a few scenes that I can't even sit through because they came out so bad. It was the same situation with
582:" He also said, "I used to worry about it enormously, but it's a different culture. It's a moral issue, almost. A few years ago, I was invited to a film festival, as a freebie, because I'd done so much work on a movie that they said I should be there. And I said: 'I can't do that, because I'm not supposed to be on this film, and it's unfair to the chap whose name is on it.' But it just goes with the territory: these are the conditions one works under out there."
78:
244:
things. It was a long, very lucrative episode of my life. But it's complicated to do that. Now it's all changed, actually. Now in order to get a rewrite job, you have to submit your notes for your ideas on how to fix the script. So they can get all the notes from all the different writers, keep the notes and not hire you. That's free work and that's what I always call life-wasting events."
755:, de Souza acknowledged his role as a script doctor. "I still get brought on to fix screenplays that I had nothing to do with. When a movie is about to be shot and they hire me to come in and fix the script and punch it up at the last minute. In addition, I’m like a patient resuscitator who they can hire secretly after a movie has had a horrible
167:(2007). "I really enjoy doing them. I basically analogize it to being the closer in baseball. There's something about the nature of that kind of pressure, where you're coming in at the ninth inning and throwing your fastball to three batters and leaving, that's exhilarating," Attanasio is quoted as saying from an article in the
472:(1997). Sayles has stated that the script doctor's main role is to help others tell their stories. He decides which jobs to accept based on whether there is a germ of an idea for a movie he would actually like to see. He has also stated that he works harder when writing for others than he does on his own work.
422:(2012), said: "I think script doctoring was an in road for him. People had liked what they'd seen with the Bond films, especially the dialogue. I think that caught the attention of agents and studio heads, and they said, 'I want Mankiewicz to come in here and work on this project.' He spent a lot of time at
577:
s script. Standing naked, Stoppard improvised a solution that was used in the movie. He remains bemused by this
American habit of invisible script revision. 'I actually got quite angry with Spielberg, who was and is a good friend, and told him just to film Zaillian's script. But Steven, like a lot of
506:
for a while, because I was just going through a period where I was having a very difficult time coming up with my own ideas and I was climbing the walls. So I did what is called 'the production polish', where you are brought into the last two weeks on something that you are not emotionally invested
706:
was a good idea, and the script was the classic, 'They have a good idea, then they write a generic script and don't really care about the idea.' When I was brought in, there was no water in the last 40 pages of the script. It all took place on land, or on a ship, or whatever. I'm like, 'Isn't the
243:
article from May 1992 described Fisher as "one of the most sought-after doctors in town." When asked if she was still working as a script doctor in
December 2008, she said: "I haven't done it for a few years. I did it for many years, and then younger people came to do it and I started to do new
519:
where no-one is looking for snappy dialogue, but the writer of that movie had gone on to direct a picture and there was a little more work that wanted done before it went to Poland to begin shooting. He asked me to come in and do that, but you are obviously more interested in your own
918:
A writer hired to 'spruce up' or 'fix' a script, usually by inserting jokes or otherwise adding some 'juice'. These highly paid writers are often hired by studios for brief periods of employment, most often to work on scripts that are very close to being
560:. 'The second reason for doing it is that you get to work with people you admire. The first reason, of course, is that it's overpaid.' Once, hearing the phone ring at home while in the shower, he took a call from
1239:
He became a
Hollywood screenwriter from 1926, valued highly for his contemporary, idiomatic, and vivid prose, and as a ruthless and effective 'script doctor', having a hand in many films noir for which he was
1396:
723:.' That was the mandate on both movies, and my response to both movies was, 'The problem with the third act is the first two acts.' But, again, no one was paying attention. And then, in
56:
requires a second screenwriter to contribute more than 50 percent of an original screenplay or 33 percent of an adaptation. Uncredited screenwriters are not eligible to win the
1737:
49:" during the development and pre-production phases of a film to address specific issues with the script, as identified by the financiers, production team, and cast.
643:
1641:
507:
in, where it is not your job to break the story, to come up with the moving parts and plot points. Basically, they just wanted some snappy dialogue for
38:
to rewrite an existing script or improve specific aspects of it, including structure, characterization, dialogue, pacing, themes, and other elements.
964:
552:. Some of the themes are still mine—but I don't think there's a single word of mine in the film." According to an April 2010 interview with
890:
She then became a script doctor, one of a small group of writers who are paid handsome fees by studios to do uncredited work on a script.
92:
642:, and Towne replied: "Don't be ridiculous. I only wrote a couple of fuckin' scenes. If you win an Oscar, thank me." Coppola won the
556:, Stoppard "does uncredited script-doctoring on Hollywood movies, 'about once a year': most recently he worked on Paul Greengrass's
1458:
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to rewrite some scenes and re-cut the movie so they can make it good enough to get to home video. That’s my secret identity."
687:
1700:
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88:
1002:
340:, it suited him to downplay his movie work, so he only received credit for about half of the 100 plus films he worked on."
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911:
883:
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Currently works in that great uncredited
Hollywood profession of script doctor—or, as Fisher calls it, script nurse.
1315:
360:
53:
45:
for a variety of commercial and artistic reasons. They are usually brought in for scripts that have been almost "
1344:
1624:
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61:
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935:
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282:
1738:"Steven E. de Souza Talks Commando 2, Sgt. Rock, the Flash Gordon Movie You May Never See, and Much More!"
540:
502:(1998). In an October 2010 interview, Sorkin told a journalist: "With the script doctoring, I did it for
384:
348:
312:
187:
163:
1289:
1003:"Carrie Fisher on Spy in the House of Me, Tinkerbell and being the movie industry's best script doctor"
492:
258:
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630:
498:
270:
193:
727:, not only did they throw out my script and never tell me about it; they actually invited me to the
252:
157:
608:
332:, " a tradition that goes back to the mighty Ben Hecht. Hecht was a snob, and hanging out at the
264:
181:
104:
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318:
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145:
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450:
324:
1216:
1183:
828:
1397:"Facebook movie The Social Network tells a Shakespearean tale of money, power and betrayal"
635:
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288:
139:
8:
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716:
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407:
1612:
Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-And Rock 'N Roll
Generation Saved Hollywood
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418:. In a June 2012 interview, Robert Crane, who co-wrote Mankiewicz's autobiography
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571:
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333:
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217:
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Furious Love: Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, and the
Marriage of the Century
756:
720:
415:
373:
354:
337:
229:
128:
1381:
904:
Hollywood
Dealmaking: Negotiating Talent Agreements for Film, TV and New Media
1762:
682:(2000). In a September 2001 interview, Whedon said: "Most of the dialogue in
625:
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200:
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asked Towne if he wanted credit for his contributions to the screenplay of
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1316:"Tom Mankiewicz dies at 68; screenwriter for James Bond, Superman films"
774:
666:
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211:
28:
1442:
magazine, 'Tom is pretty much responsible for every line of dialogue .
247:
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other people in movies, tends to think one more opinion can't hurt.
826:
1721:
Consider that Whedon, an A-list screenwriter and script doctor...
1376:
1109:"From sassy princess to work colleague, the Carrie Fisher I knew"
739:
444:
294:
124:
Many screenwriters have done uncredited work on screenplays:
1186:
Out of the
Shadows: Expanding the Canon of Classic Film Noir
686:
is mine, and a bunch of the characters", adding that he was
1331:
Tom
Mankiewicz, a screenwriter and premier script doctor...
24:
1134:"10 Movie Scripts You Didn't Know Carrie Fisher Worked On"
731:, having thrown out my entire draft without telling me."
548:, Stoppard said in October 2007, "I wrote a script for
702:. This is a situation I've been in a bunch of times.
906:(2 ed.). New York: Allworth Press. p. 303.
54:
Writers Guild of
America screenwriting credit system
1251:
901:
831:
Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia
827:Hyman, Paula E.; Moore, Deborah Dash, eds. (1998).
644:
Academy Award for Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay)
1490:)—received a stealthy stem-to-stern overhaul from
867:
328:(1963). According to a November 1999 article from
1131:
698:: "I refer to myself as the world's highest-paid
1760:
1516:"Tom Stoppard: 'I'm the crank in the bus queue'"
16:Screenwriter hired to rewrite an existing script
1345:"Think You Know Hollywood? You Don't Know Mank"
1132:Sherlock, Ben; McCormick, Colin (2022-11-15).
802:. North Mankato: Smart Apple Media. pp.
515:. The first time I did it, actually, was for
1731:
1729:
929:
927:
902:Appleton, Dina; Yankelevits, Daniel (2010).
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1077:
1075:
1057:
711:. They said, 'Come in and punch up the big
1497:s Oscar-winning screenwriter Tom Stoppard.
1486:s script—credited to Andrew Kevin Walker (
1438:Spielberg said, in an 2005 interview with
1252:Kashner, Sam; Schoenberger, Nancy (2010).
996:
994:
992:
933:
1726:
1642:"Robert Towne's Hollywood Without Heroes"
1538:
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749:(1995). In a 2013 interview published by
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1615:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p.
1479:On the other hand, it doesn't hurt that
1456:
1394:
1181:
1161:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 164.
1159:Historical Dictionary of American Cinema
1081:
1072:
1060:"The Life And Death Of Last Action Hero"
1051:
1000:
959:
874:. Westport: Praeger Publishers. p.
103:by adding descriptive text and removing
1608:
989:
934:Abramowitz, Rachel (October 27, 2002).
791:
789:
41:Script doctors generally do their work
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1276:
1214:
1156:
861:
859:
1701:"Interview with a Vampire Chronicler"
1673:Robinson, Tasha (September 5, 2001).
1639:
1572:Quentin Tarantino: The Cinema of Cool
1457:Nashawty, Chris (November 19, 1999).
1420:
1342:
1314:Nelson, Valerie J. (August 3, 2010).
1082:Setoodeh, Ramin (December 18, 2008).
1026:
1001:McNamara, Jonathan (April 29, 2008).
795:
23:is a writer or playwright hired by a
1736:Cecchini, Mike (December 20, 2013).
1640:Turan, Kenneth (November 27, 1988).
1575:. New York: Applause Books. p.
1223:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. pp.
1020:
865:
786:
71:
1543:Rapkin, Mickey (October 18, 2007).
1459:"Sleepy Hollow: A Head of its Time"
1395:Lawrence, Will (October 11, 2010).
1258:. New York: HarperCollins. p.
1190:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p.
856:
690:out of credit. He also spoke about
13:
1288:Morris, Mark (November 29, 1999).
1219:Historical Dictionary of Film Noir
529:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
14:
1790:
1421:Koski, Genevieve (May 15, 2008).
965:"Al Boasberg - About This Person"
76:
1699:Jacobs, A.J. (April 25, 1997).
1633:
1602:
1593:
1562:
1514:Lawson, Mark (April 14, 2010).
1450:
1414:
1388:
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870:Women Directors and Their Films
835:. New York: Routledge. p.
1343:Konow, David (June 26, 2012).
953:
895:
820:
62:Writers Guild of America Award
1:
780:
1027:Cagle, Jess (May 29, 1992).
570:, agonising over a scene in
406:(1980). He was credited as "
7:
763:
67:
10:
1795:
1182:Phillips, Gene D. (2012).
719:, and if you can, make it
1423:"Raiders Of The Lost Ark"
1371:YouTube, a Google company
1157:Booker, M. Keith (2011).
631:Easy Riders, Raging Bulls
967:. Movies & TV Dept.
1609:Biskind, Peter (1998).
1215:Spicer, Andrew (2010).
420:My Life as a Mankiewicz
265:Angels with Dirty Faces
105:less pertinent examples
52:To receive credit, the
866:Hurd, Mary G. (2007).
661:The Quick and the Dead
1569:Dawson, Jeff (1995).
1320:The Los Angeles Times
1290:"Get me Tom Stoppard"
1084:"Being Carrie Fisher"
940:The Los Angeles Times
796:Jones, Sarah (2004).
283:Foreign Correspondent
1705:Entertainment Weekly
1463:Entertainment Weekly
1033:Entertainment Weekly
636:Francis Ford Coppola
558:The Bourne Ultimatum
546:The Bourne Ultimatum
541:The Bourne Ultimatum
430:working on scripts."
385:The Spy Who Loved Me
344:Herman J. Mankiewicz
313:Strangers on a Train
241:Entertainment Weekly
188:A Night at the Opera
164:The Bourne Ultimatum
1774:Writing occupations
1711:on October 15, 2007
1492:Shakespeare in Love
1469:on October 24, 2012
408:creative consultant
361:Million Dollar Legs
101:improve the article
1646:The New York Times
970:The New York Times
735:Steven E. de Souza
646:and thanked Towne.
499:Enemy of the State
271:Gone with the Wind
236:The Wedding Singer
194:A Day at the Races
158:Town & Country
36:production company
1549:Time Out New York
1058:Nick De Semlyen,
1039:on March 31, 2007
1007:Phoenix New Times
586:Quentin Tarantino
504:Jerry Bruckheimer
253:Twentieth Century
170:Los Angeles Times
122:
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562:Steven Spielberg
524:Sir Tom Stoppard
517:Schindler's List
481:Schindler's List
367:The Wizard of Oz
224:Last Action Hero
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624:(1998). Author
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572:Steven Zaillian
550:Paul Greengrass
424:Warner Brothers
349:Monkey Business
307:Cry of the City
218:Lethal Weapon 3
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1599:Dawson, p. 61.
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1545:"Tom Stoppard"
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1384:on 2014-05-01.
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1234:978-0810859609
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564:on the set of
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493:Excess Baggage
473:
455:
431:
416:Richard Donner
374:Tom Mankiewicz
371:
355:Horse Feathers
341:
338:Dorothy Parker
259:A Star Is Born
245:
230:The River Wild
198:
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129:Paul Attanasio
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977:on 2015-06-11
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961:Erickson, Hal
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1037:the original
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1029:"The Prayer"
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113:January 2020
110:
99:Please help
87:may contain
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1742:Den of Geek
981:November 8,
770:Ghostwriter
752:Den of Geek
746:Judge Dredd
743:(1982) and
650:Joss Whedon
594:(1994) and
544:(2007). On
466:(1995) and
458:John Sayles
403:Superman II
239:(1998). An
191:(1935) and
182:The General
177:Al Boasberg
152:Patch Adams
1763:Categories
1715:August 16,
1684:August 19,
1651:August 17,
1626:0684857081
1586:1557832277
1554:August 16,
1525:August 17,
1473:August 17,
1432:August 17,
1406:August 16,
1401:The Herald
1354:August 19,
1325:August 16,
1299:August 17,
1143:2024-07-07
1138:ScreenRant
1118:2024-07-07
1093:August 16,
1043:August 16,
1012:August 19,
945:August 17,
846:0415919363
813:158340256X
781:References
775:Dramaturgy
704:Waterworld
692:Waterworld
688:arbitrated
667:Waterworld
628:writes in
621:Armageddon
434:Elaine May
319:Angel Face
277:Stagecoach
212:Sister Act
146:Armageddon
93:irrelevant
43:uncredited
29:television
717:third act
463:Apollo 13
451:Labyrinth
428:Universal
397:Moonraker
334:Algonquin
325:Cleopatra
248:Ben Hecht
89:excessive
47:green-lit
1748:23 April
1088:Newsweek
963:(2015).
764:See also
670:(1995),
664:(1995),
658:(1994),
612:(1967),
591:It's Pat
532:(1989),
490:(1996),
487:The Rock
484:(1993),
442:(1981),
412:Superman
394:(1978),
391:Superman
388:(1977),
382:(1977),
379:The Deep
364:(1932),
358:(1932),
352:(1931),
316:(1951),
310:(1948),
298:(1946),
292:(1945),
289:Cornered
286:(1940),
280:(1939),
274:(1939),
268:(1938),
262:(1937),
256:(1934),
227:(1993),
221:(1992),
215:(1992),
209:(1991),
185:(1926),
173:in 2002.
155:(1998),
149:(1998),
143:(1997),
137:(1994),
95:examples
68:Examples
1769:Writing
1377:YouTube
740:48 Hrs.
721:cheaper
673:Twister
600:(1995).
520:thing."
454:(1986).
445:Tootsie
197:(1937).
60:or the
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1227:–130.
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1065:Empire
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715:, the
713:climax
370:(1939)
1495:'
1488:Seven
1484:'
1444:'
804:14–15
725:X-Men
709:X-Men
696:X-Men
684:Speed
679:X-Men
655:Speed
575:'
469:Mimic
410:" on
336:with
295:Gilda
134:Speed
31:, or
1750:2022
1717:2012
1686:2012
1653:2012
1621:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1556:2012
1527:2012
1475:2012
1434:2012
1408:2012
1356:2012
1327:2012
1301:2012
1264:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1113:CNET
1095:2012
1045:2012
1014:2012
983:2013
947:2012
908:ISBN
880:ISBN
841:ISBN
808:ISBN
799:Film
757:test
694:and
511:and
439:Reds
426:and
304:and
301:Rope
206:Hook
25:film
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1577:198
1225:129
876:150
837:444
91:or
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