Sea turtle - Knowledge

2265:, have transitioned from a tourism industry that made profits from selling sea turtle meat and shells to an ecotourism-based economy. Tortuguero is considered to be the founding location of sea turtle conservation. In the 1960s the cultural demand for sea turtle meat, shells, and eggs was quickly killing the once-abundant sea turtle populations that nested on the beach. The Caribbean Conservation Corporation began working with villagers to promote ecotourism as a permanent substitute to sea turtle hunting. Sea turtle nesting grounds became sustainable. Tourists love to come and visit the nesting grounds, although it causes a lot of stress to the sea turtles because all of the eggs can get damaged or harmed. Since the creation of a sea turtle ecotourism-based economy, Tortugero annually houses thousands of tourists who visit the protected 35-kilometre (22 mi) beach that hosts sea turtle walks and nesting grounds. Walks to observe the nesting sea turtles require a certified guide and this controls and minimises disturbance of the beaches. It also gives the locals a financial interest in conservation and the guides now defend the sea turtles from threats such as poaching; efforts in Costa Rica's Pacific Coast are facilitated by a nonprofit organization, Sea Turtles Forever. Thousands of people are involved in sea turtle walks, and substantial revenues accrue from the fees paid for the privilege. 721: 801: 2358:

subject to a unique set of threats that generally cross jurisdictional boundaries, resulting in some sub-populations of the same species' showing recovery while others continue to decline. This has triggered the IUCN to conduct threat assessments at the sub-population level for some species recently. These new assessments have highlighted an unexpected mismatch between where conservation relevant science has been conducted on sea turtles, and where there is the greatest need for conservation. For example, as at August 2017, about 69% of studies using stable isotope analysis to understand the foraging distribution of sea turtles have been conducted in RMUs listed as "least concern" by the IUCN. Additionally, all populations of sea turtles that occur in United States waters are listed as threatened or endangered by the

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for them to get back to where they started. It is also taking away their beaches that they lay their eggs on. Climate change also has an impact on the number of storms and the severity of them. Storms can wipe out the sea turtles nesting ground and take out the eggs that already laid. The rising level of water is also a way for the nesting grounds to disappear. Sea turtles maps and their nesting grounds getting destroyed is harmful to them. That is because with their maps being messed up and not being able to lay eggs where they usually do makes it hard for them to find a new place to nest. They usually stick to a schedule and the messing up of a schedule messes them up.

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smooth mucosal walls and the laryngeal folds, a dorsal part of the glottis, the glottal mucosa attached to the arytenoid cartilage, and the way the hyoid sling is arranged and the relationship between the compressor laryngis muscle and cricoid cartilage. The glottal opening and closing mechanisms have been examined. During the opening stage, two abductor artytenoideae muscles swing arytenoid cartilages and the glottis walls. As a result, the glottis profile is transformed from a slit to a triangle. In the closing stage, the tongue is drawn posteriorly due to the close apposition of the glottis walls and linguolaryngeal cleft walls and hyoglossal sling contractions.

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turtle. For females, they make their way to the beach to start it all over again. With males, they go back to feeding after mating and doing that over again. Oil spills can affect this cycle majorly. If the female was to go and lay eggs and ingest oil, the chemicals from the oil can get passed on to the offspring and will be hard for them to survive. The diet of the sea turtles can also be impacted by oil. If the things that they eat has oil on it or has ingested oil, it can get into their system and start attacking the insides of the turtle.

2341: 1795:. Warmer temperatures produce female hatchlings, while cooler temperatures produce male hatchlings. The eggs will incubate for 50–60 days. The eggs in one nest hatch together over a short period of time. The baby sea turtles break free of the egg shell, dig through the sand, and crawl into the sea. Most species of sea turtles hatch at night. However, the Kemp's ridley sea turtle commonly hatches during the day. Sea turtle nests that hatch during the day are more vulnerable to predators, and may encounter more human activity on the beach. 2501: 2917:. Sea turtles spend most of their lives swimming and following ocean currents and as water runs along the back of the sea turtle's shell it passes over the barnacles, providing an almost constant water flow and influx of food particles. Lastly, the long distances and inter-ocean travel these sea turtles swim throughout their lifetime offers the perfect mechanism for dispersal of barnacle larvae. Allowing the barnacle species to distribute themselves throughout global waters is a high fitness advantage of this commensalism. 2815:"Environmental Warning and Feminization of One of the Largest Sea Turtle Populations in the World", showed how baby sea turtles were being born female a lot more than being born male. Scientists took blood samples from many baby sea turtles near the Great Barrier Reef. Prior to this study, the ratio of male to female was pretty normal. There was a little more female than there was male but it was enough to keep reproduction and life cycle normal. The study showed that there was 99% more female sea turtles then male. 2290: 1748: 136: 2614: 2692: 2307:. Sea grass needs to be constantly cut short to help it grow across the sea floor. Sea turtle grazing helps maintain the health of the sea grass beds. Sea grass beds provide breeding and developmental grounds for numerous marine animals. Without them, many marine species humans harvest would be lost, as would the lower levels of the food chain. The reactions could result in many more marine species eventually becoming endangered or extinct. 1872: 1799: 671: 2909:

have an obligatory commensal relationship with specific animals, which makes finding a suitable location harder. Around 29 species of "turtle barnacles" have been recorded. However, it is not solely on sea turtles that barnacles can be found; other organisms also serve as a barnacle's settlements. These organisms include mollusks, whales, decapod crustaceans, manatees and several other groups related to these species.

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clutch of soft-shelled eggs. Depending on the species, a typical clutch may contain 50–350 eggs. After laying, she re-fills the nest with sand, re-sculpting and smoothing the surface, and then camouflaging the nest with vegetation until it is relatively undetectable visually. She may also dig decoy nests. The whole process takes 30 to 60 minutes. She then returns to the ocean, leaving the eggs untended.

2097:. A magnetic compass sense allows sea turtles to determine and maintain a specific magnetic heading or orientation. These magnetic senses are thought to be inherited, as hatchling sea turtles swim in directions that would keep them on course when exposed to the magnetic field signatures of various locations along their species' migratory routes. 2953: 1868:

may have evolved to cope with the higher intake of salts from their prey. A constant output of concentrated salty tears may be required to balance the input of salts from regular feeding, even considering leatherback sea turtle tears can have a salt ion concentration almost twice that of other species of sea turtle.

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their eggs. 6) When the season is over, female sea turtles return to feeding sites. 7) Baby sea turtles incubate for 60–80 days and hatch. 8) Newly hatched baby sea turtles emerge from nests and travel from the shore to the water. 9) Baby sea turtles mature in the ocean until they are ready to begin the cycle again.

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they should be. The temperature of the sand gets hotter every time it is time for sea turtles to lay their eggs. With that, adaption to the sand should occur but it would take generations for them to adapt to that one temperature. It would be hard because the temperature of the sand is always changing.

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A favorite settlement for barnacle larvae is the shell or skin around the neck of sea turtles. The larvae glue themselves to the chosen spot, a thin layer of flesh is wrapped around them and a shell is secreted. Many species of barnacles can settle on any substrate; however, some species of barnacles

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Climate change may also cause a threat to sea turtles. Since sand temperature at nesting beaches defines the sex of a sea turtle while developing in the egg, there is concern that rising temperatures may produce too many females. However, more research is needed to understand how climate change might

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Sea turtles eat plastic bags because they confuse them with their actual diet, jellyfish, algae and other components. The consumption of plastic is different for every breed of sea turtle, but when they ingest the plastic, it can clog their intestines and cause internal bleeding which will eventually

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Hatchlings find their way to the ocean by crawling towards the brightest horizon and can become disoriented along the coastline. Lighting restrictions can prevent lights from shining on the beach and confusing hatchlings. Sea turtle-safe lighting uses red or amber LED light, invisible to sea turtles,

2573:) researchers examined the effects of nest relocation. They discovered that clutches of this freshwater turtle that were transplanted to a new location had higher mortality rates and more morphological abnormalities compared to non-transplanted clutches. However, in a study of loggerhead sea turtles ( 2104:

isoline shifts in the magnetic field. Magnetoreception is thought to be the primary navigation tool used by nesting sea turtles in returning to natal beaches. There are three major theories explaining natal site learning: inherited magnetic information, socially facilitated migration, and geomagnetic

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to the ocean. To maintain hypotonicity they must excrete excess salt ions. Like other marine reptiles, sea turtles rely on a specialized gland to rid the body of excess salt, because reptilian kidneys cannot produce urine with a higher ion concentration than sea water. All species of sea turtles have

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1) Male and female sea turtles age in the ocean and migrate to shallow coastal water. 2) Sea turtles mate in the water near offshore nesting sites. 3) The adult male sea turtles return to the feeding sites in the water. 4) Female sea turtles cycle between mating and nesting. 5) Female sea turtles lay

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Sea turtles migrate to reach their spawning beaches, which are limited in numbers. Living in the ocean therefore means they usually migrate over large distances. All sea turtles have large body sizes, which is helpful for moving large distances. Large body sizes also offer good protection against the

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The sand temperature is not the only thing that impacts sea turtles. The rise of the sea levels messes with their memory. They have an imprinted map in their memory that shows where they usually give birth and go after they do. With the rise in water levels, that map is getting messed up and is hard

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The chemicals in the plastic that sea life eats damages their internal organs and can also clog their airway. The chemicals in the plastic that they eat is also a leading cause of the death of the turtles. If the turtles are close to laying eggs, the chemicals that they ingested from the plastic can

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texts dating to the 5th century B.C.E. describe sea turtles as exotic delicacies. Many coastal communities around the world depend on sea turtles as a source of protein, often harvesting several sea turtles at once and keeping them alive on their backs until needed. Coastal peoples gather sea turtle

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Larger hatchlings have a higher probability of survival than smaller individuals, which can be explained by the fact that larger offspring are faster and thus less exposed to predation. Predators can only functionally intake so much; larger individuals are not targeted as often. A study conducted on

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Sea turtles are thought to reach sexual maturity from about 10−20 years old depending on species and methodology. However, reliable estimates are difficult to ascertain. Mature sea turtles may migrate thousands of miles to reach breeding sites. After mating at sea, adult female sea turtles return to

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In other parts of the world where sea turtle breeding sites are threatened by human activity, volunteers often patrol beaches as a part of conservation activities, which may include relocating sea turtle eggs to hatcheries, or assisting hatching sea turtles in reaching the ocean. Locations in which

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Sea turtles are caught worldwide, although it is illegal to hunt most species in many countries. A great deal of intentional sea turtle harvests worldwide are for food. Many parts of the world have long considered sea turtles to be fine dining. In England during the 1700s, sea turtles were consumed

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behavior is well described in sea turtles, and genetic testing of turtle populations at different nesting sites has shown that magnetic field is a more reliable indicator of genetic similarity than physical distance between sites. Additionally, nesting sites have been recorded to "drift" along with

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Leatherback sea turtles face an increased osmotic challenge compared to other species of sea turtle, since their primary prey are jellyfish and other gelatinous plankton, whose fluids have the same concentration of salts as sea water. The much larger lachrymal gland found in leatherback sea turtles

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For each of the seven species of sea turtles, females and males are the same size. As adults, it is possible to tell male turtles from female turtles by their long tails with a cloacal opening near the tip. Adult female sea turtles have shorter tails, with a cloacal opening near the base. Hatchling

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The temperature of the ocean is also rising. This impacts their diet and what they can eat. Coral reefs are majorly impacted by the rising temperatures and a lot of sea turtles diet is coral reefs or in the coral reef. Most animals that live in coral reefs need the reefs to survive. With the reefs

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When turtles hatch from their eggs on the beach, they are already endangered with plastic. Turtles have to find the ocean by themselves and on their journey from land to sea, they encounter a lot of plastic. Some even get trapped in the plastic and die from lack of resources and from the sun being

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Evaluating the progress of conservation programs is difficult, because many sea turtle populations have not been assessed adequately. Most information on sea turtle populations comes from counting nests on beaches, but this does not provide an accurate picture of the whole sea turtle population. A

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Sea turtles are air-breathing reptiles that have lungs, so they regularly surface to breathe. Sea turtles spend a majority of their time underwater, so they must be able to hold their breath for long periods. Dive duration largely depends on activity. A foraging sea turtle may typically spend 5–40

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The mature nesting female hauls herself onto the beach, nearly always at night, and finds suitable sand in which to create a nest. Using her hind flippers, she digs a circular hole 40 to 50 centimetres (16 to 20 in) deep. After the hole is dug, the female then starts filling the nest with her

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to their hosts, they have negative effects to the sea turtles on which they choose to reside. The barnacles add extra weight and drag to the sea turtle, increasing the energy it needs for swimming and affecting its ability to capture prey, with the effect increasing with the quantity of barnacles

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The temperature of the sand has a big impact on the sex of the sea turtle. This is not common with other animals but it is with sea turtles. Warmer or hot sand usually makes the sea turtle female and the cooler the sand usually makes male. Climate change has made the temperatures much hotter than

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The research into turtle consumption of plastic is growing. A laboratory of Exeter and Plymouth Marine tested 102 turtles and found plastic in every one of their stomachs. The researchers found more than 800 pieces of plastic in those 102 turtles. That was 20 times more than what was found in the

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There was little information regarding the sea turtle's larynx. Sea turtles, like other turtle species, lack an epiglottis to cover the larynx entrance. Key findings from an experiment reveal the following in regards to the larynx morphology: a close apposition between the linguolaryngeal cleft's

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Appendix I, restricting international trade of sea turtles and sea turtle products. However, the usefulness of global assessments for sea turtles has been questioned, particularly due to the presence of distinct genetic stocks and spatially separated regional management units (RMUs). Each RMU is

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classifies three species of sea turtle as either "endangered" or "critically endangered". An additional three species are classified as "vulnerable". The flatback sea turtle is considered as "data deficient", meaning that its conservation status is unclear due to lack of data. All species of sea

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or freshwater counterparts. This tapering at both ends reduces volume and means that sea turtles cannot retract their head and limbs into their shells for protection, unlike many other turtles and tortoises. However, the streamlined body plan reduces friction and drag in the water and allows sea

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Sea turtle shells are an ideal habitat for adult barnacles for three reasons. Sea turtles tend to live long lives, greater than 70 years, so barnacles do not have to worry about host death. However, mortality in sea turtle barnacles is often driven by their host shedding the scutes on which the

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Sea turtles have a cycle that they follow from birth. The cycle depends on the sex of the turtle but they follow it all the way through life. They start by hatching on the beach, they reach the water then move out to find food. They then start their breeding migration and then mate with another

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Most sea turtle mortality happens early in life. Sea turtles usually lay around 100 eggs at a time, but on average only one of the eggs from the nest will survive to adulthood. Raccoons, foxes, and seabirds may raid nests or hatchlings may be eaten within minutes of hatching as they make their

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as to lay their eggs. Such coastal environments are nutrient-poor and depend on vegetation to protect against erosion. Eggs, hatched or unhatched, and hatchlings that fail to make it into the ocean are nutrient sources for dune vegetation and therefore protecting these nesting habitats for sea

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Hatchlings depend on drinking sea water immediately upon entering the ocean to replenish water lost during the hatching process. Salt gland functioning begins quickly after hatching, so that the young sea turtles can establish ion and water balance soon after entering the ocean. Survival and

5283: 495:. Modern sea turtles are not descended from more than one of the groups of sea-going turtles that have existed in the past; they instead constitute a single radiation that became distinct from all other turtles at least 110 million years ago. Their closest extant relatives are in fact the 2904:

barnacles have also been used to distinguish between the foraging areas of sea turtle hosts. By analyzing stable isotope ratios in barnacle shell material, scientist can identify differences in the water (temperature and salinity) that different hosts have been swimming through, and thus

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A bicoordinate magnetic map gives sea turtles the ability to determine their position relative to a goal with both latitudinal and longitudinal information, and requires the detection and interpretation of more than one magnetic parameter going in opposite directions to generate, such as

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Below the surface, the sensory cues available for navigation change dramatically. Light availability decreases quickly with depth, and is refracted by the movement of water when present, celestial cues are often obscured, and ocean currents cause continuous drift. Most sea turtle species

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The skulls of sea turtles have cheek regions that are enclosed in bone. Although this condition appears to resemble that found in the earliest known fossil reptiles (anapsids), it is possible it is a more recently evolved trait in sea turtles, placing them outside the anapsids.

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The diet of green sea turtles changes with age. Juveniles are omnivorous, but as they mature they become exclusively herbivorous. This diet shift has an effect on the green sea turtle's morphology. Green sea turtles have a serrated jaw that is used to eat sea grass and algae.

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processed sea turtle scutes (primarily from the hawksbill sea turtle) for various articles and ornaments used by their elites, such as combs and brushes. The skin of the flippers is prized for use as shoes and assorted leather goods. In various West African countries,

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Sea turtles' limbs and brains have evolved to adapt to their diets. Their limbs originally evolved for locomotion, but more recently evolved to aid them in feeding. They use their limbs to hold, swipe, and forage their food. This helps them eat more efficiently.

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Kischlat, E.-E & Campos, D. de 1990. Some osteological aspects of Araripemys barretoi Price, 1973 (Chelonii, Pleurodira, Araripemydidae). In Atas do I Simpósio sobre a Bacia do Araripe e Bacias Interiores do Nordeste Crato, 14 a 16 de junho de 1990, pp.

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Sea turtles in all types are being endangered by the way humans use plastic. Recycling is known of and people recycle but not everyone does. The amount of plastic in the oceans and beaches is growing every day. The littering of plastic is 80% of the amount.

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Sea turtles are very vulnerable to oil pollution, both because of the oil's tendency to linger on the water's surface, and because oil can affect them at every stage of their life cycle. Oil can poison the sea turtles upon entering their digestive system.

416:(661 to 1,411 lbs). Other sea turtle species are smaller, ranging from as little as 60 cm (2 ft) long in the case of the Kemp's ridley, which is the smallest sea turtle species, to 120 cm (3.9 ft) long in the case of the green turtle, the second largest. 5291: 2895:

and can move about the water column. The larval stage chooses where to settle and ultimately the habitat for its full adult life, which is typically between 5 and 10 years. However, estimates of age for a common sea turtle barnacle species,

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Females may lay 1–8 clutches in a single season. Female sea turtles alternate between mating in the water and laying their eggs on land. Most sea turtle species nest individually. But ridley sea turtles come ashore en masse, known as an

2887:, in which the barnacles benefit from growing on sea turtles without harming them. Barnacles are small, hard-shelled crustaceans found attached to multiple different substrates below or just above the ocean. The adult barnacle is a 4330:

Jones, T. T.; Hastings, M. D.; Bostrom, B. L.; Pauly, D.; Jones, D. R. (2011). "Growth of captive leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, with inferences on growth in the wild: Implications for population decline and recovery".

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Light pollution from beach development is a threat to baby sea turtles; the glow from city sources can cause them to head into traffic instead of the ocean. There has been some movement to protect these areas. On the east coast of

2739:. Sea turtles are often consumed during the Catholic season of Lent, even though they are reptiles, not fish. Consequently, conservation organizations have written letters to the Pope asking that he declare sea turtles meat. 1943:

When surfacing to breathe, a sea turtle can quickly refill its lungs with a single explosive exhalation and rapid inhalation. Their large lungs permit rapid exchange of oxygen and avoid trapping gases during deep dives.

6162: 2108:. Some support has been found for geomagnetic imprinting, including successful experiments transplanting populations of sea turtles by relocating them prior to hatching, but the exact mechanism is still not known. 7804:

Jaffé, R.; Peñaloza, C.; Barreto, G. R. (2008). "Monitoring an endangered freshwater turtle management program: effects of nest relocation on growth and locomotive performance of the giant South American turtle

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Bjorndal, Karen; Bowen, Brian; Chaloupka, M.; Crowder, L. B.; Heppell, S. S.; Jones, C. M.; Lutcavage, M. E.; Policansky, D.; et al. (2011). "Better science needed for restoration in the Gulf of Mexico".

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Dellert, Lauren J.; O'Neil, Danielle; Cassill, Deby L. (2014-06-01). "Effects of Beach Renourishment and Clutch Relocation on the Success of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Eggs and Hatchlings".

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Adult sea turtles have few predators. Large aquatic carnivores such as sharks and crocodiles are their biggest threats; however, reports of terrestrial predators attacking nesting females are not uncommon.

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Green sea turtles in the relatively cooler Pacific are known to haul themselves out of the water on remote islands to bask in the sun. This behavior has only been observed in a few locations, including the

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for the vast majority of voluntary dive time. When a sea turtle is forcibly submerged (e.g. entangled in a trawl net) its diving endurance is substantially reduced, so it is more susceptible to drowning.

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this topic shows that body size is positively correlated with speed, so larger baby sea turtles are exposed to predators for a shorter amount of time. The fact that there is size dependent predation on

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is a phenomenon that occurs when sea turtles enter cold ocean water (7–10 °C (45–50 °F)), which causes the turtles to float to the surface and therefore makes it impossible for them to swim.

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Wallace, Bryan P.; DiMatteo, Andrew D.; Hurley, Brendan J.; Finkbeiner, Elena M.; Bolten, Alan B.; Chaloupka, Milani Y.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto; Amorocho, Diego (2010-12-17).

2727:. Conservationists in Mexico and the United States have launched "Don't Eat Sea Turtle" campaigns in order to reduce this trade in sea turtle products. These campaigns have involved figures such as 8497:

Doell, Sophie A.; Connolly, Rod M.; Limpus, Colin J.; Pearson, Ryan M.; van de Merwe, Jason P. (2017). "Using growth rates to estimate age of the sea turtle barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria".

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Sea turtles must surface to breathe. Caught in a fisherman's net, they are unable to surface and thus drown. In early 2007, almost a thousand sea turtles were killed inadvertently in the

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Nishizawa, H.; Asahara, M.; Kamezaki, N.; Arai, N. (2010). "Differences in the skull morphology between juvenile and adult green turtles: implications for the ontogenetic diet shift".

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However, some relatively inexpensive changes to fishing techniques, such as slightly larger hooks and traps from which sea turtles can escape, can dramatically cut the mortality rate.

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The loggerhead, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, and hawksbill sea turtles are omnivorous their entire life. Omnivorous turtles may eat a wide variety of plant and animal life including

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While many of the things that endanger sea turtles are natural predators, increasingly many threats to the sea turtle species have arrived with the ever-growing presence of humans.

2069:, can result in ejection well outside of the temperature tolerance range of a given species, causing heat stress, hypothermia, or death. In order to reliably navigate within strong 2035:. The role of biofluorescence in marine organisms is often attributed to a strategy for attracting prey or perhaps a way to communicate. It could also serve as a way of defense or 540:

that contains modern sea turtles (Chelonioidea), the exact relationships of protostegids to modern sea turtles are still debated due to their primitive morphology; they may be the

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Godfrey, Matthew H.; Barreto, R.; Mrosovsky, N. (December 1997). "Metabolically-Generated Heat of Developing Eggs and Its Potential Effect on Sex Ratio of Sea Turtle Hatchlings".

8064:"MTN 113:13-14 Longline Fishery Panel Discussion at the 26th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium: Cooperative Approaches to Implement Sea Turtle Bycatch Solutions in Longline Fisheries" 2637:

has been identified as a major cause of accidental sea turtle deaths. There is also a black-market demand for tortoiseshell for both decoration and supposed health benefits.

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for the sea turtle hiding during night amongst other fluorescent organisms like corals. Fluorescent corals and sea creatures are best observed during night dives with a blue

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Heithaus, Michael R.; Wirsing, Aaron J.; Thomson, Jordan A.; Burkholder, Derek A. (2008). "A review of lethal and non-lethal effects of predators on adult marine turtles".

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Pearson, Ryan M.; van de Merwe, Jason P.; Limpus, Colin J.; Connolly, Rod M. (2017). "Realignment of sea turtle isotope studies needed to match conservation priorities".

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and water. Once the sea turtle has reached adulthood it moves closer to the shore. Females will come ashore to lay their eggs on sandy beaches during the nesting season.

2963: 2679:, parts of the beach known to harbor sea turtle nests are protected by fences. Conservationists have monitored hatchings, relocating lost baby sea turtles to the beach. 3061: 2564:

2010 United States National Research Council report concluded that more detailed information on sea turtles' life cycles, such as birth rates and mortality, is needed.

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over significant distances to nesting or foraging grounds, some even crossing entire ocean basins. Passive drifting within major current systems, such as those in the

7661: 2797:" is a swirl of garbage in the Pacific Ocean that is 6 m (20 ft) deep and contains 3.5 million tons of garbage. This is also known as the "plastic island". 2077:. Specific migratory routes have been shown to vary between individuals, making the possession of both a magnetic map and compass sense advantageous for sea turtles. 4463:

Morreale, S.; Ruiz, G.; Spotila, J.; Standora, E. (11 June 1982). "Temperature-dependent sex determination: current practices threaten conservation of sea turtles".

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Caillouet, C. W.; Shaver, D. J.; Landry, A. M.; Owens, D. W.; Pritchard, P. C. H. (2011). "Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) Age at First Nesting".

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Witherington, B.E.; Kubilis, Anne; Brost, Beth; Meylan, Anne (2009). "Decreasing annual nest counts in a globally important loggerhead sea turtle population".

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Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Shanker, Kartik (2008). "Marine turtles and IUCN Red Listing: A review of the process, the pitfalls, and novel assessment approaches".

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currents in the open ocean, migrating sea turtles possess both a bicoordinate magnetic map and magnetic compass sense, using a form of navigation termed

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saw an abnormally high number of nests, and Florida experienced a similar phenomenon. Less plastic and light pollution could explain these observations.

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There is a large quantity of plastic in the ocean, 80% of which comes from landfills; the ratio of plankton to plastic in the ocean is one to six. The "

6757: 2579:), Dellert et al. found that relocating nests at risk of inundation increased the success of eggs and hatchlings and decreased the risk of inundation. 6680: 7988: 536:, a lineage that would later give rise to some very large species but went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Presently thought to be outside the 8082: 7969: 2699:

Another major threat to sea turtles is the black-market trade in eggs and meat. This is a problem throughout the world, but especially a concern in

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Barbour, Roger, Ernst, Carl, & Jeffrey Lovich. (1994). Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

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Levasseur, K. E.; Stapleton, S. P.; Quattro, J. M. (2021). "Precise natal homing and an estimate of age at sexual maturity in hawksbill turtles".

4015: 361:. Six of the seven sea turtle species, all but the flatback, are present in U.S. waters, and are listed as endangered and/or threatened under the 6319: 6269: 4394: 2786:

last research. Those researchers stated that the most common things found were cigarette buds, tire, plastic in many forms and fishing material.

4930:"Feasibility of Using Sea Surface Temperature Imagery to Mitigate Cheloniid Sea Turtle – Fishery Interactions off the Coast of Northeastern USA" 8787: 4101: 11125: 9721: 9632: 6647: 4601:

Ewert, Michael A.; Jackson, Dale R.; Nelson, Craig E. (15 September 1994). "Patterns of temperature-dependent sex determination in turtles".

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Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation and Management of Marine Turtles and their Habitats of the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia

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seep into their eggs and affect their offspring. It is unlikely for the baby sea turtles to survive with those chemicals in their system.

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on a hawksbill sea turtle, one of the rarest and most endangered sea turtle species in the ocean, during a night dive aimed to film the

1896:) are able to maintain a body temperature 8 °C (14 °F) warmer than the ambient water by thermoregulation through the trait of 6582: 8399: 1761:. In the extreme case, females return to the same beach where they hatched. This can take place every two to four years in maturity. 2258:("round-shielded turtle"); it is so large that sailors mistakenly land and light a fire on its back, and are drowned when it dives. 11212: 6999:"Regional Management Units for Marine Turtles: A Novel Framework for Prioritizing Conservation and Research across Multiple Scales" 1822:

mats. Within these mats, they found ample shelter and food. In the absence of sargassum, young sea turtles feed in the vicinity of

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as one of the largest turtles to ever exist. Unlike the protostegids, which have an uncertain relationship to modern sea turtles,

11112: 8322: 7669: 6622: 3820:"A gigantic bizarre marine turtle (Testudines: Chelonioidea) from the Middle Campanian (Late Cretaceous) of South-western Europe" 1792: 572:. This species inhabited the oceans covering Europe in the Late Cretaceous and rivaled the concurrent giant protostegids such as 8445: 5313: 4177: 3251: 1935:

minutes underwater while a sleeping sea turtle can remain underwater for 4–7 hours. Remarkably, sea turtle respiration remains

8470: 8771: 8750: 8729: 8708: 6193: 5799: 5725: 5258: 4406: 3197: 3076: 11117: 10974:

Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status

3241:

Wyneken, J. 2001. The Anatomy of Sea Turtles. U.S Department of Commerce NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-470, 1-172 pp.

3213: 2809:

Studies have shown that climate change in the world is making sea turtles gender change. The study that was in January 2018

8814: 8271: 6121: 2303:

In the oceans, sea turtles, especially green sea turtles, are among the very few creatures (manatees are another) that eat

1826:"fronts". In 2007, Reich determined that green sea turtle hatchlings spend the first three to five years of their lives in 604:

showing the phylogenetic relationships of living and extinct sea turtles in the Chelonioidea based on Evers et al. (2019):

5933: 3595:"The last marine pelomedusoids (Testudines: Pleurodira): a new species of Bairdemys and the paleoecology of Stereogenyina" 2567:

Nest relocation may not be a useful conservation technique for sea turtles. In one study on the freshwater Arrau turtle (

2349: 4509:

Mrosovsky, N.; Hopkins-Murphy, S. R.; Richardson, J. I. (17 August 1984). "Sex Ratio of Sea Turtles: Seasonal Changes".

3505: 2856:

in Boca Raton, Florida, the Karen Beasley Sea Turtle Rescue and Rehabilitation Center in Surf City, North Carolina, and

10972: 8662: 6618: 6508: 5188: 4665:"Experimental analysis of an early life-history stage: direct or indirect selection on body size of hatchling turtles?" 3104: 2588:

initial run for the ocean. Once in the water, they are susceptible to seabirds, large fish and even other sea turtles.

2517:, wildlife officials found 128 Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests on Texas beaches, a record number, including 81 on North 369:

of Threatened Species. The flatback turtle is found only in the waters of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.

5987: 6765: 6717: 6478: 3416:

Chatterji, RM; Hutchinson, MN; Jones, MEH (2020). "Redescription of the skull of the Australian flatback sea turtle,

2853: 6885: 5508:"Orientation of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles to regional magnetic fields along a transoceanic migratory pathway" 3062:"Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status" 11174: 11078: 8788:

Sea Turtle Research and Conservation – Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History

8170: 3668: 11130: 8143: 11091: 2774:

In 2015, an olive ridley sea turtle was found with a plastic drinking straw lodged inside its nose. The video of

1764: 1692: 6690: 5099: 3891: 2529:. Wildlife officials released 10,594 Kemp's ridley sea turtle hatchlings along the Texas coast in recent years. 10847: 9930: 6499: 2949:

Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Africa

2934: 2775: 2522: 362: 8424: 8346: 4203:"Black Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas agassizii) Life History in the Sanctuary of Colola Beach, Michoacan, Mexico" 2189: 8191: 6808: 5615:"Evidence that Magnetic Navigation and Geomagnetic Imprinting Shape Spatial Genetic Variation in Sea Turtles" 3060:

Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (2011-12-31).

6782: 2270: 10824: 5030: 3059: 7996: 4628:

Standora, Edward; Spotila, James (Aug 5, 1985). "Temperature dependent sex determination in sea turtles".

4367: 11207: 10983: 9506: 8890: 4425:

Mrosovsky, N. (August 1982). "Sex ratio bias in hatchling sea turtles from artificially incubated eggs".

3522: 2794: 2752: 2418: 1684: 485:, also survived well into the Cenozoic. Other pleurodires are also thought to have lived at sea, such as 354: 135: 8548:

Pearson, Ryan M.; van de Merwe, Jason P.; Gagan, Michael K.; Limpus, Colin J.; Connolly, Rod M. (2019).

8041: 8011: 3989: 2536:

has had several initiatives dealing with the issue of sea turtle conservation. In 2007, the province of

1880:

physiological performance hinge on immediate and efficient hydration following emergence from the nest.

1814:

In 1987, Carr discovered that the young of green and loggerhead sea turtles spent a great deal of their

9239: 8684: 8550:"Distinguishing between sea turtle foraging areas using stable isotopes from commensal barnacle shells" 5965: 5826: 4801: 3517: 3420:, provides new morphological evidence for phylogenetic relationships among sea turtles(Chelonioidea)". 2599: 8651:

A synopsis of the literature on the turtle barnacle (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Coronuloidea) 1758–2007

3798:"Evaluation of Panchelonioidea (Testudines: Cryptodira) evolution based on phylogenetic morphometrics" 2544:) illegal. However, the law seems to have had little effect as sea turtle eggs are still in demand in 11179: 6272:; Larry B. Crowder (June 1996). "Analysis of a Fisheries Model for Harvest of Hawksbill Sea Turtles ( 2900:, suggest that this species lives for at least 21 months, with individuals older than this uncommon. 2553: 2152:

Leatherback sea turtles feed almost exclusively on jellyfish and help control jellyfish populations.

8872: 7319: 6621:

and the Ministry of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica. pp. 11, 21–23, 29, 32. Archived from

6078:"Opening and closing mechanisms of the leatherback sea turtle larynx: a crucial role for the tongue" 3780: 2863:

One rescued sea turtle, named Nickel for the coin that was found lodged in her throat, lives at the

9885: 8807: 7244: 6737: 3359:"The head and neck anatomy of sea turtles (Cryptodira: Chelonioidea) and skull shape in Testudines" 2090: 1864:

in the orbital cavity, capable of producing tears with a higher salt concentration than sea water.

7590: 6657: 2513:

In the Caribbean, researchers are having some success in assisting a comeback. In September 2007,

10741: 8105: 6331: 6124:. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna. Archived from 5399: 5204: 3912: 2849: 2560:. The poachers had collected more than a hundred sea turtles, along with 10,000 sea turtle eggs. 2433: 2274: 358: 8144:"Understanding, Assessing, and Resolving Light Pollution Problems on Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches" 7544: 7469: 7394: 7169: 6610:

Troëng, Sebastian; Mangel, Jeff; Kélez, Sheleyla; Meyers, Andy; et al. (22 February 2000).

5880: 5667:"Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting and Magnetic Navigation in the Natal Homing of Sea Turtles" 11156: 11038: 11000: 10713: 9513: 9471: 9111: 8063: 7613: 7417: 7342: 6545: 3018:(Testudines: Cheloniidae) from the Lower Tertiary of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin, Morocco" 2988: 2968: 2648: 2622: 2481: 2359: 2335: 2316: 2262: 524: 346: 7370:

Abreu-Grobois, A.; Plotkin, P.; et al. (IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group) (2008).

5715: 2913:

barnacle is attached, rather than the death of the sea turtle itself. Secondly, barnacles are

1915: 11217: 11166: 11151: 9457: 8959: 7267: 6587: 6256:"MTN 68:8-13 Status of Nesting Populations of Sea Turtles in Thailand and Their Conservation" 6161:. United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Archived from 6076:

Fraher, J; Davenport, J; Fitzgerald, E; Mclaughlin, P; Doyle, T; Harman, L; Cuffe, T (2010).

5789: 5745: 4928:

Braun-McNeill, Joanne; Sasso, Christopher; Epperly, Sheryan; Rivero, Carlos (December 2008).

3593:

Ferreira, Gabriel S.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Solórzano, Andrés; Langer, Max C. (June 30, 2015).

2596:

have been reported to smash into sea turtle shells with their paws, and scoop out the flesh.

2575: 2514: 2400: 1565: 350: 11143: 7787: 7492: 7445:

Mortimer, J.A.; Donnelly, M.; et al. (IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group) (2008).

6255: 4075: 3357:

Jones, MEH; Werneburg, I; Curtis, N; Penrose, RN; O'Higgins, P; Fagan, M; Evans, SE (2012).

1702:. During the first three to five years of life, sea turtles spend most of their time in the 11202: 11060: 10699: 9365: 8989: 8561: 8506: 7942: 7752: 7701: 7076: 7010: 6971: 6812: 6285: 6026: 5845: 5678: 5626: 5568: 5071: 4984: 4852: 4679: 4664: 4518: 4472: 4434: 4340: 4296: 4027: 3831: 3460: 3370: 3029: 2973: 2732: 2451: 2062: 2040: 1936: 545: 342: 113: 8171:"Information About Sea Turtles: Threats from Artificial Lighting – Sea Turtle Conservancy" 2852:(and, if possible, released back to the ocean) by professional organizations, such as the 1830:

waters. In the open ocean, pre-juveniles of this particular species were found to feed on

8: 10684: 9043: 8800: 7192: 6709: 6520: 6470: 4201:

Bedolla-Ochoa, C.; Reyes-López, M. A.; Rodríguez-González, H.; Delgado-Trejo, C. (2023).

2920:

This relationship, however, is not truly commensal. While the barnacles are not directly

2888: 2245: 2198: 2066: 1676: 1524: 334: 8565: 8510: 7946: 7756: 7705: 7080: 7014: 6975: 6816: 6733:"Actors and activists fight for endangered green sea turtles' nesting site in Hong Kong" 6297: 6289: 6030: 5849: 5682: 5630: 5572: 5075: 4988: 4856: 4683: 4522: 4476: 4438: 4344: 4300: 4031: 3835: 3644: 3464: 3374: 3033: 2654: 10091: 10056: 9923: 9662: 8590: 8549: 8530: 8297:"Sea turtle trauma: Video shows rescuers extracting plastic straw from deep in nostril" 7878: 7826: 7725: 7041: 6998: 6844: 6828: 6652: 6466: 6420: 6381: 6373: 6301: 6237: 6058: 6042: 5915: 5592: 5427: 5239: 5157: 5124: 5008: 4907: 4868: 4758: 4734: 4709: 4645: 4580: 4542: 4372: 4312: 4269: 4229: 4202: 4200: 4153: 4128: 4053: 4039: 3966: 3927: 3873: 3860: 3819: 3755: 3715: 3690: 3621: 3594: 3565: 3540: 3393: 3358: 2983: 2569: 2209:, a traditional decorative ornamental material used in Japan and China, comes from the 401: 365:. All but the flatback turtle are listed as threatened with extinction globally on the 271: 130: 7911: 7296: 5556: 4710:"The 'lost years' of green turtles: using stable isotopes to study cryptic lifestages" 2340: 11138: 11047: 10634: 9617: 9569: 9560: 9443: 9020: 8767: 8746: 8725: 8704: 8595: 8577: 8522: 8425:"Information About Sea Turtles: Threats from Climate Change – Sea Turtle Conservancy" 8347:"Information About Sea Turtles: Threats from Climate Change – Sea Turtle Conservancy" 8199: 7870: 7768: 7717: 7221: 7102: 7046: 7028: 6836: 6795:

Hannan, Laura B.; Roth, James D.; Ehrhart, Llewellyn M.; Weishampel, John F. (2007).

6761: 6713: 6504: 6474: 6446: 6412: 6385: 6217: 6199: 6189: 6099: 6050: 5795: 5721: 5696: 5644: 5584: 5537: 5529: 5483: 5475: 5454:"There and back again: natal homing by magnetic navigation in sea turtles and salmon" 5419: 5373: 5365: 5231: 5184: 5162: 5144: 5084: 5059: 5000: 4973:"Metabolism of leatherback turtles, gigantothermy, and thermoregulation of dinosaurs" 4886:

Hudson, D.M.; Lutz, P.L. (1986). "Salt gland function in the leatherback sea turtle,

4825: 4739: 4691: 4534: 4488: 4446: 4402: 4316: 4234: 4158: 3971: 3953: 3877: 3865: 3847: 3818:

Castillo-Visa, Oscar; Luján, Àngel H.; Galobart, Àngel; Sellés, Albert (2022-11-17).

3759: 3720: 3626: 3488: 3483: 3448: 3398: 3303: 3193: 3100: 2914: 2779: 2094: 1699: 390: 8534: 7882: 7830: 7729: 7567: 7521: 7446: 7371: 7146: 6062: 5919: 5596: 5243: 4546: 4273: 4129:"The evolution of island gigantism and body size variation in tortoises and turtles" 3569: 3329: 408:

The leatherback sea turtle is the largest sea turtle, reaching 1.4 to more than 1.8

11052: 10426: 9814: 9789: 9750: 9698: 9429: 8974: 8679: 8630: 8585: 8569: 8514: 8379: 7950: 7862: 7854: 7818: 7760: 7709: 7585: 7539: 7464: 7389: 7314: 7239: 7164: 7092: 7084: 7036: 7018: 6979: 6848: 6820: 6494: 6458: 6365: 6293: 6229: 6089: 6034: 5907: 5853: 5686: 5634: 5576: 5519: 5465: 5431: 5411: 5355: 5223: 5215: 5152: 5136: 5079: 5012: 4992: 4951: 4941: 4899: 4872: 4860: 4817: 4777: 4729: 4721: 4687: 4637: 4610: 4572: 4526: 4480: 4442: 4348: 4304: 4261: 4224: 4214: 4148: 4140: 4048: 4043: 4035: 3961: 3943: 3855: 3839: 3747: 3710: 3702: 3616: 3606: 3555: 3478: 3468: 3429: 3388: 3378: 3277: 3185: 3151: 3037: 2806:

affect sea turtle gender distribution and what other possible threats it may pose.

2500: 2410:

Endangered: NE Atlantic, Mediterranean, N Indian, N Pacific, S Pacific populations

2382: 2241: 2074: 1808: 1757:

land to lay their eggs. Different species of sea turtles exhibit various levels of

1711: 1237: 564: 338: 122: 29: 7788:"Assessment of Sea Turtle Status and Trends: Integrating Demography and Abundance" 3738:

Gable, Simone M.; Byars, Michael I.; Literman, Robert; Tollis, Marc (2021-10-16).

3179: 2240:

worshipped the sea and its animals. They often depicted sea turtles in their art.

548:

similar adaptations. The earliest "true" sea turtle that is known from fossils is

10874: 10522: 10251: 10219: 9856: 9765: 9541: 9127: 8761: 8740: 8719: 8698: 8650: 7023: 6490: 6038: 4530: 3527: 3433: 3383: 3094: 2978: 2857: 2811: 2466: 2362:. The US listing status of the loggerhead sea turtle is under review as of 2012. 2289: 2233: 2024: 2020: 1861: 1839: 1062: 625: 519: 436:. The superfamily name Chelonioidea and family name Cheloniidae are based on the 223: 7954: 6983: 6125: 4352: 3932:(Protostegidae) and marine adaptation during the early evolution of chelonioids" 3181:

Assessment of Sea-Turtle Status and Trends: Integrating Demography and Abundance

11086: 11073: 10769: 10759: 10656: 10506: 10346: 10048: 9993: 9735: 9670: 9210: 9201: 9170: 9078: 8967: 8881: 8573: 7145:

Seminoff, J.A.; et al. (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, U.S.) (2004).

6017:

Meylan, Anne (1988-01-22). "Spongivory in Hawksbill Turtles: A Diet of Glass".

5415: 4508: 3843: 3797: 3739: 3124: 2864: 2629:

One of the most significant and contemporary threats to sea turtles comes from

2526: 2105: 2044: 2016: 2009: 2005: 1971: 1893: 1688: 1379: 1289: 1139: 843: 733: 716: 508: 455: 377: 262: 251: 8518: 5691: 5666: 5639: 5614: 3751: 11196: 11023: 10949: 10832: 10732: 10721: 10692: 10606: 10490: 10474: 10434: 10368: 10278: 10243: 10187: 10171: 10155: 10129: 10117: 10101: 10079: 10071: 9878: 9589: 9422: 9283: 9230: 9178: 8581: 8526: 8203: 7874: 7576: 7530: 7455: 7380: 7305: 7230: 7155: 7118: 7116: 7106: 7032: 6416: 6353: 6203: 5533: 5479: 5369: 5235: 5148: 5004: 3957: 3851: 3513: 3473: 2748: 2716: 2641: 2545: 2221: 2217: 2206: 2182: 2080: 1947: 1909: 1897: 1747: 1394: 1314: 1099: 1076: 956: 825: 665: 533: 512: 500: 492: 477:, from the Turonian of Angola. A lineage of unrelated marine testudines, the 462: 437: 366: 210: 71: 7713: 5580: 4821: 4484: 3042: 3013: 2412:

Threatened: NW Atlantic, S Atlantic, SE Indo-Pacific, SW Indian populations

10884: 10809: 10785: 10302: 10179: 10163: 10139: 10040: 9985: 9909: 9825: 9799: 9713: 9624: 9603: 9527: 9492: 9302: 9268: 9135: 9051: 8997: 8599: 8247: 8223: 8101:"Disorientation a huge problem for Panama City Beach sea turtle hatchlings" 7772: 7721: 7050: 6840: 6440: 6103: 6054: 5995: 5700: 5648: 5588: 5541: 5487: 5423: 5377: 5166: 5140: 4972: 4829: 4743: 4725: 4614: 4538: 4238: 4162: 4144: 3975: 3869: 3724: 3706: 3630: 3402: 2880: 2518: 2392:

Endangered: populations in Florida and Pacific coast of Mexico populations

2300:

Sea turtles play key roles in two habitat types: oceans and beaches/dunes.

2100: 1981: 1959: 1889: 1703: 1483: 1205: 748: 684: 550: 541: 482: 473: 467: 428:

Sea turtles, along with other turtles and tortoises, are part of the order

8742:

Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation

7113: 5181:

Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to Their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation

5060:"Voluntary diving metabolism and ventilation in the loggerhead sea turtle" 4971:

Paladino, Frank V.; O'Connor, Michael P.; Spotila, James R. (1990-04-26).

4782: 4492: 3560: 3492: 1721: 11099: 11032: 10862: 10817: 10663: 10648: 10570: 10562: 10554: 10530: 10410: 10394: 10378: 10294: 10286: 10235: 10211: 10203: 10195: 10063: 10015: 9938: 9863: 9728: 9684: 9610: 9596: 9548: 9405: 9323: 9261: 9254: 9247: 9162: 9104: 9096: 9013: 9005: 8952: 8942: 7519: 5911: 5398:

Lohmann, Kenneth J.; Putman, Nathan F.; Lohmann, Catherine M. F. (2012).

4011: 3926:

Evers, Serjoscha W.; Barrett, Paul M.; Benson, Roger B. J. (2019-05-01).

2704: 2634: 2618: 2533: 2326:, in which the fish will eat algae growing on the shell of a sea turtle. 2323: 2250: 2178: 1831: 1788:(arrival). With the Kemp's ridley sea turtle this occurs during the day. 1675:

Sea turtles can be found in all oceans except for the polar regions. The

1452: 1430: 1412: 1255: 1171: 1116: 938: 920: 796: 773: 700: 537: 496: 433: 373: 256: 46: 8700:

Fire In The Turtle House: The Green Sea Turtle and the Fate of the Ocean

7097: 6832: 6424: 6400: 4219: 2691: 2540:

declared the catching and eating of sea turtles (locally referred to as

511:) of the Americas, which alongside the sea turtles constitute the clade 10941: 10854: 10840: 10801: 10578: 10498: 10466: 10450: 10418: 10356: 10329: 10310: 10227: 10032: 9952: 9945: 9893: 9870: 9780: 9647: 9379: 9186: 9119: 9036: 9028: 8922: 8471:"How Do Oil Spills Affect Sea Turtles? | response.restoration.noaa.gov" 7866: 7822: 6796: 6305: 6094: 6077: 6046: 5524: 5507: 5470: 5453: 5360: 5343: 4911: 4649: 4584: 4462: 4265: 4057: 3948: 3691:"A primitive protostegid from Australia and early sea turtle evolution" 3611: 3541:"The oldest African eucryptodiran turtle from the Cretaceous of Angola" 2921: 2659: 2311: 2142: 2070: 2036: 2032: 1989: 1967: 1802:

Sea turtle sex depends on sand temperature while the egg is incubating.

1758: 1357: 1154: 886: 641: 580: 487: 478: 330: 326: 197: 91: 56: 11104: 8763:

Sea Turtles: An Extraordinary Natural History of Some Uncommon Turtles

7764: 7088: 6704:

Becker, Kathleen (2014), "On Turtle Patrol: the Bradt travel guide.",

6377: 6241: 5994:. Caribbean Conservation Corporation. 29 December 2005. Archived from 5858: 5123:

Hochscheid, Sandra; Bentivegna, Flegra; Hays, Graeme C. (2005-03-22).

4956: 4308: 3740:"A Genomic Perspective on the Evolutionary Diversification of Turtles" 3449:"Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles" 2943: 2939: 2084:

Hatchling green sea turtle in the sand photographed by USFWS Southeast

454:). The leatherback sea turtle is the only extant member of the family 10933: 10793: 10777: 10706: 10670: 10620: 10613: 10538: 10514: 10458: 10402: 10109: 9901: 9849: 9807: 9520: 9478: 9386: 9372: 9358: 9351: 9344: 9337: 9309: 9154: 8982: 8384: 8367: 6685: 6150: 5720:. Department of Conservation and Land Management. pp. 110, 114. 5227: 4996: 4946: 4929: 4864: 4843:

Schmidt-Nielsen K; Fange R (1958). "Salt glands in marine reptiles".

4600: 2958: 2756: 2724: 2712: 2651:(TEDs) have reduced sea turtle bycatch in shrimp nets by 97 percent. 2557: 2304: 2205:

To a much lesser extent, some species are targeted for their shells.

2155:

Hawksbill sea turtles principally eat sponges, which constitute 70–95

1997: 1985: 1905: 1856: 1823: 1819: 1716: 1680: 1339: 868: 601: 448: 147: 96: 40: 10994: 7914:

Sea Turtle Foundation. Sea Turtle Foundation, 2010. Web. 8 Dec 2010.

6824: 4903: 4704: 4641: 4576: 2145:, worms and fish. However, some species specialize on certain prey. 1871: 588:

is thought to be a true sea turtle of the superfamily Chelonioidea.

11017: 10748: 10677: 10597: 10586: 10482: 10147: 10024: 9916: 9758: 9743: 9705: 9654: 9580: 9485: 9464: 9450: 9436: 9292: 9219: 9088: 9067: 9059: 8841: 8635: 8614: 7858: 7565: 6369: 6233: 6075: 5992:

Caribbean Conservation Corporation & Sea Turtle Survival League

5219: 3189: 2892: 2884: 2728: 2549: 2537: 2210: 2194: 2138: 2134: 2122: 2001: 1963: 1798: 1736: 1732: 1500: 670: 574: 504: 413: 397: 380:). The only dermochelyid species of sea turtle is the leatherback. 167: 86: 81: 66: 61: 51: 33: 8400:"Not Cool: Climate Change Turning 99% of These Sea Turtles Female" 7123: 6612:"Report on the 1999 Green Turtle Program at Tortugero, Costa Rica" 5827:"Ontogenetic Changes in Diet and Habitat Use in Green Sea Turtle ( 5557:"Regional Magnetic Fields as Navigational Markers for Sea Turtles" 2778:

has helped raise considerable awareness about the threat posed by

432:. All species except the leatherback sea turtle are in the family 10892: 10641: 10546: 10442: 10386: 9966: 9959: 9841: 9691: 9677: 9534: 9499: 9414: 9316: 8856: 8847: 8128: 7066: 4016:"New Perspectives on the Pelagic Stage of Sea Turtle Development" 2868: 2827:

dying, the sea life around it also does, impacting many animals.

2719:. Estimates reach as high as 35,000 sea turtles killed a year in 2676: 2663: 2630: 2541: 2278: 2126: 1993: 1974: 1827: 1815: 1707: 1548: 1466: 177: 101: 76: 11065: 7932: 3817: 2736: 2613: 2193:"Manner in which Natives of the East Coast strike turtle". Near 614:

Phylogenetic relations of living and extinct chelonioid species

393:; it is not possible to determine their sex by looking at them. 10627: 10270: 8862: 8835: 8823: 6996: 5825:

Arthur, Karen; Boyle, Michelle; Limpus, Colin (June 30, 2008).

5506:

Fuxjager, M. J.; Eastwood, B. S.; Lohmann, K. J. (2011-08-01).

5342:

Lohmann, K. J.; Lohmann, C. M. F.; Endres, C. S. (2008-06-01).

4927: 4663:

Janzen, Fredric J.; Tucker, John K.; Paukstis, Gary L. (2007).

4562: 2720: 2593: 2294: 2213: 2130: 1835: 1773: 1769: 559: 555: 429: 187: 157: 8547: 7742: 6914: 5125:"First records of dive durations for a hibernating sea turtle" 2497:

The ESA manages sea turtles by population and not by species.

1735:

virus caused an increase in sea turtle nesting. Some areas in

9834: 8901: 8792: 8323:"Microplastics found in gut of every sea turtle in new study" 7785: 7690: 6938: 6546:"Sea turtles in Tortuguero Costa Rica, a turtle haven !" 6117: 3592: 3506: 2708: 2700: 2354: 2028: 1811:

has led to the evolutionary development of large body sizes.

569: 441: 409: 8365: 7369: 5897: 9330: 8366:

Hawkes, LA; Broderick, AC; Godfrey, MH; Godley, BJ (2009).

7970:"Turtle conservation: It's now very much a political issue" 7897:"Hilton Head Island sees record sea turtle nesting season." 6794: 6521:"Sea Turtles and Humans – Sea Turtle Facts and Information" 5452:

Lohmann, Kenneth J.; Lohman, Catherine M. F. (2019-02-06).

5100:"Information About Sea Turtles: Frequently Asked Questions" 4970: 3356: 2964:

Sea Turtle Association of Japan, Kuroshima Research Station

2237: 412:(4.6 to 5.9 ft) in length and weighing between 300 and 640 8496: 7444: 6399:

Steiner, Todd; Heitchue, Mark; Ghriskey, Henry W. (1994).

4799: 4251: 2905:

differentiate between the home areas of host sea turtles.

4802:"Salt and water regulation by the leatherback sea turtle 4708:; Karen A. Bjorndal; Alan B. Bolten (18 September 2007). 4329: 4286: 1984:

is observed in an increasing number of marine creatures (

7843: 6871:"CLEANING SYMBIOSIS AND DIEL BEHAVIOR OF GREEN TURTLES ( 5122: 4842: 3737: 3415: 2322:

Sea turtles also maintain a symbiotic relationship with

544:

to the Chelonoidea, or an unrelated turtle lineage that

6609: 6401:"Banned Sea Turtle Products Still Exported from Mexico" 6398: 6356:(1982). "Periplus Maris Erythraei: Notes on the Text". 5505: 4756: 4178:"Sea turtles thriving in Thailand after beach closures" 2994:

Use of sea turtles in West African traditional medicine

2227:

sea turtles are harvested for traditional medicinal use

1930:

Physiology of underwater diving § Aquatic reptiles

1768:

An olive ridley sea turtle nesting on Escobilla Beach,

8724:. Plano, Texas: Republic of Texas Press. p. 220. 8663:

A free ride under the sea: barnacles and baleen whales

8272:"What do sea turtles eat? Unfortunately, plastic bags" 7219: 6869:

Catellacci, Alima; Wooddell, Alexandra; Rice, Marc R.

6797:"Dune Vegetation Fertilization by Nesting Sea Turtles" 6268: 5400:"The magnetic map of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles" 4175: 1731:

In 2020, diminished human activity resulting from the

8034:"Fishermen blamed for turtle deaths in Bay of Bengal" 5205:"First observation of fluorescence in marine turtles" 4368:"Mother Sea Turtles Might Be Sneakier Than They Look" 2504:

Protected nesting area for turtles in Miami, Florida

1855:

Sea turtles maintain an internal environment that is

1728:

large predators (notably sharks) found in the ocean.

1051:

An alternate phylogeny was proposed by Castillo-Visa

471:, from Europe. In Africa, the first marine turtle is 7803: 7520:

Red List Standards.; Petitions Subcommittee (1996).

7294: 6754:

Tracks in the Sand: Sea Turtles and Their Protectors

5397: 5341: 4662: 4399:

Audubon and His Journals: Dover Publications Reprint

2269:

such efforts exist include the east coast of India,

1875:

Immature Hawaiian green sea turtle in shallow waters

333:. The seven existing species of sea turtles are the 8606: 7980: 5284:"Exclusive video: first "glowing" sea turtle found" 5038:

Proceedings of the 17th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium

4127:Jaffe, A. L.; Slater, G. J.; Alfaro, M. E. (2011). 1698:Sea turtles are generally found in the waters over 518:

The oldest possible representative of the lineage (

461:Fossil evidence of marine turtles goes back to the 8446:"Gulf oil spill's effects on sea turtles examined" 7935:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 6964:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 6868: 6210: 5064:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 5058:Lutcavage, Molly E.; Lutz, Peter L. (1991-05-16). 4333:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3925: 3296: 2329: 8721:The Turtle Lady: Ila Fox Loetscher of South Padre 8665:. Themes of Parasitology. 2012. Web. 28 Nov 2012. 8127:. Season 1. Episode 8. 2014. 37, 43 minutes in. 7653: 6884:. USA: Hawaii Preparatory Academy. Archived from 6778: 6776: 6751: 5824: 4126: 3409: 2004:) and is now also considered to be widespread in 1958:Gruber and Sparks (2015) have observed the first 1919:A green sea turtle breaks the surface to breathe. 11194: 8320: 7662:"WWF urges RP to pursue case vs turtle poachers" 7566:Wallace, B.P.; Tiwari, M.; Girondot, M. (2013). 6324:"Tortoiseshell ban threatens Japanese tradition" 6159:UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 5665:Brothers, J. Roger; Lohmann, Kenneth J. (2015). 5613:Brothers, J. Roger; Lohmann, Kenneth J. (2018). 5203:Gruber, David F.; Sparks, John S. (2015-12-01). 3352: 3350: 3011: 2043:light and with a camera equipped with an orange 372:Sea turtles can be categorized as hard-shelled ( 7899:Bluffton Today (2010): n. pag. Web. 8 Dec 2010. 7320:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T11533A155057916.en 6961: 5664: 5612: 5259:"Scientists just found a sea turtle that glows" 4627: 4401:. New York: Scribner's Sons. pp. 373–375. 3453:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3440: 3252:"How to Tell if a Sea Turtle is Male or Female" 3206: 2644:over the course of a few months after netting. 2443:Endangered: Pacific Coast of Mexico population 8615:"Larval development and complemental males in 8612: 7245:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T3897A119333622.en 7144: 6773: 6439:The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the 6262: 5198: 5196: 10971:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 9209: 8808: 8080: 7961: 7923:Baker, Natural History and Behavior, pp. 8–16 7591:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T6494A43526147.en 5451: 5183:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 5057: 4759:"Salt gland function in the green sea turtle 4094: 4069: 4067: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3990:"Ancient mariners threatened with extinction" 3913:"Sea turtles use flippers to manipulate food" 3892:"Sea Turtles Use Flippers to Manipulate Food" 3796:Goulart, Isabella Vasconcellos (2021-01-13). 3347: 2891:organism; however, in its larval stage it is 522:) leading to modern sea turtles was possibly 6583:"Seaside Couple Protect Costa Rican Turtles" 6188:. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 115–118. 5988:"Species Fact Sheet: Leatherback Sea Turtle" 5202: 4800:Reina RD; Jones TT; Spotila JR (July 2002). 3446: 3092: 2695:Sea turtle eggs sold in a market of Malaysia 2658:Legal notice posted by a sea turtle nest at 2548:markets. In September 2007, several Chinese 2248:" echoes a second-century Latin tale in the 465:(150 million years ago) with genera such as 7989:"Glow Sticks May Lure Sea Turtles to Death" 7790:. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. 7545:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T14363A4435952.en 7470:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T8005A12881238.en 7395:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T11534A3292503.en 7170:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4615A11037468.en 7126:. United States Fish & Wildlife Service 6220:(1962). "Eating Turtles in Ancient China". 5787: 5193: 4387: 2874: 2284: 2177:as a delicacy to near extinction, often as 2171: 1892:. However, leatherback sea turtles (family 1670: 10014: 8941: 8880: 8815: 8801: 8094: 8092: 8083:"Govt: Long-line fishing won't hurt birds" 8040:. Reuters. 5 February 2007. Archived from 8012:"Atlantic Hawksbill Sea Turtle Fact Sheet" 7995:. National Geographic News. Archived from 6465:, #255 to Mrs Eileen Elgar, 5 March 1964; 6452: 6155:"Eretmochelys imbricata A-301.003.003.001" 5314:"Scientists discover 'glowing' sea turtle" 4885: 4176:By Jack Guy; Carly Walsh (20 April 2020). 4064: 3999: 3214:"The Flatback: Australia's Own Sea Turtle" 3055: 3053: 3005: 2556:in the country's southernmost province of 125:, a species of the sea turtle superfamily 112: 8634: 8589: 8383: 8118: 8116: 7660:Adraneda, Katherine (12 September 2007). 7589: 7543: 7468: 7393: 7318: 7243: 7168: 7096: 7040: 7022: 6915:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" 6752:Gromling, Frank; Cavaliere, Mike (2010), 6093: 5857: 5690: 5638: 5523: 5469: 5359: 5344:"The sensory ecology of ocean navigation" 5156: 5083: 4955: 4945: 4781: 4733: 4698: 4424: 4365: 4228: 4218: 4152: 4047: 3965: 3947: 3859: 3778: 3714: 3620: 3610: 3559: 3482: 3472: 3422:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 3392: 3382: 3270: 3041: 2755:which may be mistaken for jellyfish, and 2747:Another danger to sea turtles comes from 2019:accidentally made the observation in the 1679:is found solely on the northern coast of 423: 405:turtles to swim more easily and swiftly. 8619:, a barnacle commensal with sea turtles" 8141: 7659: 6678: 6346: 6318: 6312: 6222:Journal of the American Oriental Society 6183: 5713: 5707: 4108:. World Wide Fund for Nature. 4 May 2007 2690: 2653: 2612: 2582: 2499: 2339: 2288: 2188: 2079: 2047:to capture only the fluorescence light. 1914: 1870: 1797: 1763: 1746: 16:Reptiles of the superfamily Chelonioidea 8613:Zardus, J. D.; Hadfield, M. G. (2004). 8492: 8490: 8294: 8192:"Pope Asked to Call Sea Turtles 'Meat'" 8098: 8089: 7907: 7905: 7799: 7797: 7641:Clarren, Rebecca (2008). "Night Life". 7640: 7062: 7060: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6441:Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera 6216: 6143: 5791:Turtles of the United States and Canada 5781: 5739: 5737: 5717:Threatened animals of Western Australia 5554: 4795: 4793: 4393: 4076:"Sea Turtles' Mystery Hideout Revealed" 4073: 3795: 3050: 2344:A sea turtle entangled in a fishing net 1980:According to Gruber and Sparks (2015), 1838:before they are recruited into inshore 1793:temperature-dependent sex determination 11195: 8697:Davidson, Osha Gray (14 August 2003). 8443: 8113: 8003: 7986: 7786:The National Research Council (2010). 6703: 6656:. Newindianexpress.com. Archived from 6575: 6437:Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. 6352: 6016: 5743: 5660: 5658: 5608: 5606: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5311: 4923: 4921: 3813: 3811: 3538: 3146: 3144: 2602:disease causes tumors in sea turtles. 10999: 10998: 8889: 8796: 8739:Spotila, James R. (26 October 2004). 8649:Epibiont Research Cooperative. 2007. 8189: 7967: 7668:. The Philippine Star. Archived from 7611: 7490: 7415: 7340: 7265: 7190: 6745: 6725: 6679:Baskaran, S. Theodore (19 May 2002), 6562: 6149: 6116: 6110: 5820: 5818: 5794:(2 ed.). JHU Press. p. 50. 5256: 5118: 5116: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5028: 5024: 5022: 4596: 4594: 4558: 4556: 4504: 4502: 4458: 4456: 4420: 4418: 4074:Brynner, Jeanna (19 September 2007). 3237: 3235: 3174: 3172: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3093:Avise, J. C.; Hamrick, J. L. (1996). 2617:A loggerhead sea turtle exits from a 2050: 389:and sub-adult turtles do not exhibit 11092:325e265b-496c-490f-812c-d2546b42e588 8487: 8321:Matthew Robinson (5 December 2018). 7902: 7794: 7057: 6902: 6697: 6640: 6330:. Cable News Network. Archived from 5734: 5031:"Basking in Galapagos Green Turtles" 4790: 4010: 3688: 3308:The State of the World's Sea Turtles 3256:The State of the World's Sea Turtles 3218:The State of the World's Sea Turtles 3156:The State of the World's Sea Turtles 3125:"Sea Turtles :: NOAA Fisheries" 2848:Injured sea turtles are rescued and 2759:in which they can become entangled. 2669: 2162: 1923: 562:. In 2022, the giant fossil species 396:In general, sea turtles have a more 8368:"Climate change and marine turtles" 7577:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7531:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7456:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7381:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7306:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7231:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 7156:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 6298:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10030874.x 5980: 5950: 5788:Ernst, C. H.; Lovich, J.E. (2009). 5655: 5603: 5494: 5458:The Journal of Experimental Biology 5438: 5384: 5330: 5281: 4918: 3808: 3244: 3141: 2879:Sea turtles are believed to have a 2159:% of their diets in the Caribbean. 1883: 13: 8671: 8009: 7811:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 6672: 6619:Caribbean Conservation Corporation 6563:Alden, John R. (25 October 1998). 6177: 5815: 5113: 5044: 5019: 4757:Nicolson, S.W.; P.L. Lutz (1989). 4591: 4553: 4499: 4453: 4415: 4254:Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4040:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1987.tb00020.x 3689:Kear, Benjamin P (22 March 2006). 3232: 3184:. National Academies Press. 2010. 3169: 3113: 2633:due to imprecise fishing methods. 2445:Threatened: all other populations 2394:Threatened: all other populations 14: 11229: 8781: 8099:Landeck, Katie (7 October 2018). 7220:Casale, P.; Tucker, A.D. (2017). 6473:, eds. (Allen & Unwin, 1981; 5760:from the original on May 14, 2010 2843: 2800: 1850: 1714:in particular are often found in 8656: 8643: 8541: 8463: 8437: 8417: 8392: 8359: 8339: 8314: 8288: 8264: 8240: 8216: 8190:WEISS, Kenneth r. (2002-03-14). 8183: 8163: 8135: 8074: 8056: 8026: 7968:Moniz, Jesse (3 February 2007). 7926: 7917: 7889: 7837: 7779: 7736: 7684: 7634: 7605: 7559: 7513: 7484: 7438: 7409: 7363: 7334: 7288: 7259: 7213: 7184: 7138: 6990: 6955: 6931: 6862: 6788: 6603: 4692:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01220.x 4366:Waldstein, David (19 May 2020). 3669:"An Introduction to Sea Turtles" 2742: 799: 719: 669: 134: 44: 11213:Extant Albian first appearances 10917: 10337: 8760:Witherington, Blair E. (2006). 7987:Scales, Helen (27 April 2007). 7295:Wibbels, T.; Bevan, E. (2019). 6556: 6538: 6513: 6484: 6431: 6392: 6358:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 6248: 6082:Journal of Experimental Biology 6069: 6010: 5926: 5891: 5873: 5772: 5548: 5512:Journal of Experimental Biology 5404:Current Opinion in Neurobiology 5348:Journal of Experimental Biology 5305: 5275: 5250: 5173: 5092: 4964: 4879: 4836: 4810:Journal of Experimental Biology 4770:Journal of Experimental Biology 4750: 4656: 4621: 4603:Journal of Experimental Zoology 4359: 4323: 4280: 4245: 4194: 4169: 4120: 3982: 3919: 3905: 3884: 3789: 3772: 3731: 3682: 3661: 3637: 3586: 3576: 3532: 3499: 3322: 2360:US Endangered Species Act (ESA) 2330:Conservation status and threats 2277:in Hong Kong, and the coast of 1953: 1720:mats, in which they find food, 1693:East Coast of the United States 8822: 8444:Hirsch, Masako (9 June 2010). 7069:Marine Ecology Progress Series 6500:The Adventures of Tom Bombadil 5838:Marine Ecology Progress Series 3086: 2935:Cultural depictions of turtles 2523:Padre Island National Seashore 383: 1: 8623:Journal of Crustacean Biology 8475:response.restoration.noaa.gov 6809:Ecological Society of America 6463:The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien 5555:Lohmann, K. J. (2001-10-12). 5312:Hanson, Hilary (2015-09-29). 3548:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 3447:Zardoya, R; Meyer, A (1998). 3069:Chelonian Research Monographs 2999: 2830: 2508: 2216:of the hawksbill sea turtle. 2055: 1970:). Sea turtles are the first 1845: 1742: 7124:"Endangered Species Program" 7024:10.1371/journal.pone.0015465 6939:"Checklist of CITES species" 6565:"Turtle Watch in Costa Rica" 6186:Soup : a global history 6039:10.1126/science.239.4838.393 5885:National Wildlife Federation 5085:10.1016/0022-0981(91)90187-2 4531:10.1126/science.225.4663.739 4447:10.1016/0006-3207(82)90087-8 3782:The Evolution of Sea Turtles 3539:Mateus; et al. (2009). 3384:10.1371/journal.pone.0047852 2491:Endangered: all populations 2461:Endangered: all populations 2428:Endangered: all populations 2310:Sea turtles use beaches and 595: 449: 325:, are reptiles of the order 7: 10984:List of Testudines families 8680:"European Atlantic Turtles" 8372:Endangered Species Research 7955:10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.013 6984:10.1016/j.jembe.2007.12.007 6882:Sea Turtle Research Program 6783:Why Care About Sea Turtles? 6550:Tortuguero Costa Rica Tours 5714:Burbidge, Andrew A (2004). 5464:(Supplement 1): jeb184077. 5282:Lee, Jane J. (2015-09-28). 5029:Green, Derek (March 1997). 4934:Endangered Species Research 4353:10.1016/j.jembe.2011.01.007 3012:Hirayama R; Tong H (2003). 2942:—sea turtle observatory in 2928: 2795:Great Pacific Garbage Patch 2715:and the coastal nations of 2686: 554:from the Early Cretaceous ( 528:from the Early Cretaceous. 10: 11234: 8685:Zoologische Verhandelingen 8574:10.1038/s41598-019-42983-4 6756:, Flagler Beach, Florida: 6681:"The ebb and flow of life" 6503:, Harper Collins, p. 224; 5966:World Wide Fund for Nature 5958:"WWF – Leatherback turtle" 5934:"Diet & Eating Habits" 5416:10.1016/j.conb.2011.11.005 3844:10.1038/s41598-022-22619-w 3507: 3434:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa071 2608: 2333: 2293:Sea turtles on a beach in 2111: 1927: 1912:, and parts of Australia. 442: 11007: 10967: 10924: 10910: 10872: 10758: 10731: 10596: 10366: 10344: 10328: 10261: 10127: 10089: 10007: 9976: 9824: 9788: 9779: 9579: 9558: 9404: 9291: 9282: 9229: 9200: 9145: 9077: 8930: 8921: 8899: 8898: 8871: 8830: 8718:Sizemore, Evelyn (2002). 8678:Brongersma, L.D. (1972). 8519:10.1007/s00227-017-3251-5 8014:. Endangered Species Unit 7618:) :: NOAA Fisheries" 7497:) :: NOAA Fisheries" 7422:) :: NOAA Fisheries" 7347:) :: NOAA Fisheries" 7272:) :: NOAA Fisheries" 7197:) :: NOAA Fisheries" 6785:, Sea Turtle Conservancy. 5692:10.1016/j.cub.2014.12.035 5640:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.022 5212:American Museum Novitates 3752:10.1101/2021.10.14.464421 3645:"Meet the Turtles | SWOT" 2854:Gumbo Limbo Nature Center 2683:in place of white light. 2552:were apprehended off the 1562: 1545: 1538: 1521: 1514: 1497: 1480: 1463: 1456: 1426: 1408: 1390: 1383: 1353: 1335: 1328: 1310: 1303: 1285: 1278: 1251: 1233: 1226: 1219: 1201: 1194: 1168: 1150: 1143: 1133: 1112: 1096: 1089: 1073: 1066: 952: 934: 916: 909: 882: 864: 857: 839: 821: 814: 794: 787: 769: 762: 744: 737: 714: 696: 689: 662: 655: 637: 630: 277: 270: 248: 243: 131:Scientific classification 129: 120: 111: 23: 7976:. The Royal Gazette Ltd. 6738:South China Morning Post 6184:Clarkson, Janet (2010). 5288:National Geographic News 5102:. Sea Turtle Conservancy 3474:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14226 2875:Symbiosis with barnacles 2285:Importance to ecosystems 2172:Relationship with humans 2091:Magnetic field intensity 1842:as obligate herbivores. 1685:Kemp's ridley sea turtle 1671:Distribution and habitat 8653:. Accessed 28 Nov 2012. 8617:Chelonibia testudinaria 8142:Witherington, Blair E. 8106:Panama City News Herald 7745:Ecological Applications 7714:10.1126/science.1199935 7343:"Kemp's Ridley Turtle ( 6525:www.seaturtle-world.com 5968:(WWF). 16 February 2007 5581:10.1126/science.1064557 5179:Spotila, J. R. (2004). 4822:10.1242/jeb.205.13.1853 4485:10.1126/science.7079758 4427:Biological Conservation 4049:2027/uc1.31822031475700 3930:Rhinochelys pulchriceps 3779:Chatterji, Ray (2021). 3649:www.seaturtlestatus.org 3523:A Greek–English Lexicon 3043:10.1111/1475-4983.00322 2898:Chelonibia testudinaria 2883:relationship with some 2723:and the same number in 2649:Turtle excluder devices 2116: 1687:is found solely in the 376:) or leathery-shelled ( 8125:Hijos de las Estrellas 7847:Journal of Herpetology 7495:Eretmochelys imbricata 7449:Eretmochelys imbricata 7418:"Olive Ridley Turtle ( 7313:: e.T11533A155057916. 6708:, Chalfont St. Peter: 6648:"Join the turtle walk" 6274:Eretmochelys imbricata 5141:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0250 4726:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0394 4615:10.1002/jez.1402700103 4565:Journal of Herpetology 4145:10.1098/rsbl.2010.1084 4102:"WWF – Marine Turtles" 3707:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0406 2989:Threats to sea turtles 2969:Sea Turtle Conservancy 2757:abandoned fishing nets 2696: 2666: 2626: 2623:turtle excluder device 2505: 2458:Critically endangered 2425:Critically endangered 2345: 2336:Threats to sea turtles 2317:positive feedback loop 2297: 2263:Tortuguero, Costa Rica 2202: 2186:eggs for consumption. 2085: 1920: 1876: 1803: 1776: 1753: 525:Desmatochelys padillai 424:Taxonomy and evolution 363:Endangered Species Act 11152:Paleobiology Database 8081:O'Kelly-Lynch, Ruth. 7614:"Leatherback Turtle ( 7420:Lepidochelys olivacea 7374:Lepidochelys olivacea 7238:: e.T3897A119333622. 6706:São Tomé and Príncipe 6588:Eugene Register-Guard 6165:on September 29, 2007 5744:Bolten, A.B. (2003). 5294:on September 30, 2015 5257:Lewis, Danny (2015). 4783:10.1242/jeb.144.1.171 3561:10.4202/app.2008.0063 3514:Liddell, Henry George 3282:Defenders of Wildlife 3096:Conservation Genetics 2925:affixed to its back. 2694: 2657: 2616: 2583:Predators and disease 2515:Corpus Christi, Texas 2503: 2353:turtle are listed in 2343: 2292: 2271:São Tomé and Príncipe 2261:Beach towns, such as 2192: 2083: 1918: 1874: 1801: 1767: 1750: 1566:Lepidochelys olivacea 503:(Kinosternidae), and 400:body plan than their 11087:Fauna Europaea (new) 7809:, Podocnemididae)". 7616:Dermochelys coriacea 7584:: e.T6494A43526147. 7570:Dermochelys coriacea 7538:: e.T14363A4435952. 7463:: e.T8005A12881238. 7388:: e.T11534A3292503. 7268:"Loggerhead Turtle ( 7163:: e.T4615A11037468. 6405:Earth Island Journal 6278:Conservation Biology 5998:on 28 September 2007 5912:10.3105/018.029.0205 5746:"Loggerhead Turtle ( 4888:Dermochelys coriacea 4804:Dermochelys coriacea 4020:Conservation Biology 3330:"Sea Turtle Species" 3304:"Leatherback Turtle" 3152:"Sea Turtle Species" 2974:Sea turtle migration 2733:Los Tigres del Norte 1888:All sea turtles are 546:convergently evolved 329:and of the suborder 321:), sometimes called 8566:2019NatSR...9.6565P 8511:2017MarBi.164..222D 8295:Kirkpatrick, Nick. 8276:World Wildlife Fund 8044:on 15 November 2016 7947:2008JEMBE.356...43H 7757:2009EcoAp..19...30W 7706:2011Sci...331..537B 7672:on 16 February 2013 7493:"Hawksbill Turtle ( 7345:Lepidochelys kempii 7299:Lepidochelys kempii 7081:2017MEPS..583..259P 7015:2010PLoSO...515465W 6976:2008JEMBE.356...52S 6943:checklist.cites.org 6919:www.iucnredlist.org 6875:) AT PUAKO, HAWAII" 6817:2007Ecol...88.1053H 6710:Bradt Travel Guides 6628:on 27 November 2018 6471:Christopher Tolkien 6290:1996ConBi..10..874H 6031:1988Sci...239..393M 5900:Current Herpetology 5850:2008MEPS..362..303A 5683:2015CBio...25..392B 5631:2018CBio...28E1325B 5625:(8): 1325–1329.e2. 5573:2001Sci...294..364L 5076:1991JEMBE.147..287L 4989:1990Natur.344..858P 4857:1958Natur.182..783S 4684:2007FuEco..21..162J 4523:1984Sci...225..739M 4477:1982Sci...216.1245M 4471:(4551): 1245–1247. 4439:1982BCons..23..309M 4345:2011JEMBE.399...84J 4301:2021AnCon..24..523L 4289:Animal Conservation 4220:10.3390/ani13030406 4032:1987ConBi...1..103C 3836:2022NatSR..1218322C 3465:1998PNAS...9514226Z 3459:(24): 14226–14231. 3375:2012PLoSO...747852J 3034:2003Palgy..46..845H 2600:Fibropapillomatosis 2315:turtles, forming a 2199:Phillip Parker King 2067:North Atlantic Gyre 1977:found in the wild. 1700:continental shelves 1677:flatback sea turtle 1525:Lepidochelys kempii 568:was described from 440:word for tortoise: 11208:Endangered animals 10092:Nanhsiungchelyidae 10057:Macrocephalochelys 8766:. Voyageur Press. 8554:Scientific Reports 7999:on April 30, 2007. 7823:10.2744/CCB-0696.1 7807:Podocnemis expansa 7643:Nature Conservancy 6660:on August 10, 2013 6653:New Indian Express 6569:The New York Times 6467:Humphrey Carpenter 6218:Schafer, Edward H. 6131:on 3 February 2007 6095:10.1242/jeb.042218 5525:10.1242/jeb.055921 5471:10.1242/jeb.184077 5361:10.1242/jeb.015792 4706:Reich, Kimberly J. 4672:Functional Ecology 4373:The New York Times 4266:10.2744/CCB-0836.1 4106:Species Factsheets 3949:10.7717/peerj.6811 3824:Scientific Reports 3612:10.7717/peerj.1063 2984:Shrimp-Turtle Case 2915:suspension feeders 2860:in Hainan, China. 2776:Nathan J. Robinson 2697: 2667: 2627: 2570:Podocnemis expansa 2506: 2346: 2298: 2236:people of ancient 2203: 2197:, Australia. From 2086: 2051:Sensory modalities 1921: 1877: 1818:lives in floating 1804: 1777: 1754: 286:- Rafinesque, 1814 11190: 11189: 11139:Open Tree of Life 11001:Taxon identifiers 10992: 10991: 10963: 10962: 10959: 10958: 10906: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10324: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10003: 10002: 9775: 9774: 9278: 9277: 9196: 9195: 8917: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8773:978-0-7603-2644-2 8752:978-0-8018-8007-0 8731:978-1-55622-896-4 8710:978-1-58648-199-5 8703:. PublicAffairs. 8404:Ocean Conservancy 8196:Los Angeles Times 8123:"The Milky Way". 8068:www.seaturtle.org 7765:10.1890/08-0434.1 7700:(6017): 537–538. 7622:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 7612:Fisheries, NOAA. 7524:Natator depressus 7501:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 7491:Fisheries, NOAA. 7426:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 7416:Fisheries, NOAA. 7351:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 7341:Fisheries, NOAA. 7276:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 7266:Fisheries, NOAA. 7201:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 7191:Fisheries, NOAA. 7089:10.3354/meps12353 6497:(2014), editors, 6447:Thames and Hudson 6322:(10 April 2001). 6270:Heppel, Selina S. 6195:978-1-86189-774-9 6088:(24): 4137–4145. 6025:(4838): 393–395. 5859:10.3354/meps07440 5801:978-0-8018-9121-2 5727:978-0-7307-5549-4 5567:(5541): 364–366. 5518:(15): 2504–2508. 5354:(11): 1719–1728. 4983:(6269): 858–860. 4517:(4663): 739–741. 4408:978-0-486-25144-8 4395:Audubon, Maria R. 4309:10.1111/acv.12657 3418:Natator depressus 3199:978-0-309-15255-6 3129:www.nmfs.noaa.gov 3123:Fisheries, NOAA. 2780:plastic pollution 2670:Beach development 2495: 2494: 2376:United States ESA 2163:Larynx mechanisms 2095:Inclination angle 2027:emitted by small 2017:marine biologists 1924:Diving physiology 1791:Sea turtles have 1712:Green sea turtles 1667: 1666: 1658: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1640: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1603: 1595: 1594: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1576: 1442: 1441: 1369: 1368: 1267: 1266: 1183: 1182: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1031: 1030: 1022: 1021: 1013: 1012: 1004: 1003: 995: 994: 986: 985: 977: 976: 968: 967: 898: 897: 391:sexual dimorphism 312: 311: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 239: 11225: 11183: 11182: 11170: 11169: 11160: 11159: 11147: 11146: 11134: 11133: 11121: 11120: 11108: 11107: 11095: 11094: 11082: 11081: 11069: 11068: 11056: 11055: 11043: 11042: 11041: 11028: 11027: 11026: 10996: 10995: 10922: 10921: 10915: 10914: 10427:Chupacabrachelys 10342: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10012: 10011: 9790:Carettochelyidae 9786: 9785: 9289: 9288: 9207: 9206: 8939: 8938: 8928: 8927: 8896: 8895: 8887: 8886: 8878: 8877: 8817: 8810: 8803: 8794: 8793: 8777: 8756: 8735: 8714: 8693: 8666: 8660: 8654: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8610: 8604: 8603: 8593: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8481: 8467: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8456: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8411: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385:10.3354/esr00198 8363: 8357: 8356: 8354: 8353: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8333: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8268: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8258: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8187: 8181: 8180: 8178: 8177: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8148: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8120: 8111: 8110: 8096: 8087: 8086: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8060: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7930: 7924: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7900: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7801: 7792: 7791: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7740: 7734: 7733: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7593: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7547: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7472: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7397: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7358: 7357: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7322: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7247: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7208: 7207: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7172: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7120: 7111: 7110: 7100: 7064: 7055: 7054: 7044: 7026: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6949: 6935: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6925: 6911: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6890: 6879: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6792: 6786: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6758:Ocean Publishing 6749: 6743: 6742: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6689:, archived from 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6627: 6616: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6591:. March 26, 2005 6579: 6573: 6572: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6533: 6532: 6527:. 4 January 2014 6517: 6511: 6495:Wayne G. Hammond 6488: 6482: 6459:J. R. R. Tolkien 6456: 6450: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6396: 6390: 6389: 6350: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6334:on 11 March 2007 6328:CNN.com/sci-tech 6316: 6310: 6309: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6258:. Seaturtle.org. 6252: 6246: 6245: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6120:(14 June 2006). 6114: 6108: 6107: 6097: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5881:"Wildlife Guide" 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5835: 5822: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5785: 5779: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5741: 5732: 5731: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5694: 5662: 5653: 5652: 5642: 5610: 5601: 5600: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5527: 5503: 5492: 5491: 5473: 5449: 5436: 5435: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5363: 5339: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5299: 5290:. Archived from 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5209: 5200: 5191: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5160: 5120: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5055: 5042: 5041: 5035: 5026: 5017: 5016: 4997:10.1038/344858a0 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4949: 4947:10.3354/esr00145 4925: 4916: 4915: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4865:10.1038/182783a0 4840: 4834: 4833: 4797: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4767: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4737: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4669: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4598: 4589: 4588: 4560: 4551: 4550: 4506: 4497: 4496: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4422: 4413: 4412: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4327: 4321: 4320: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4232: 4222: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4156: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4082:. Imaginova Corp 4071: 4062: 4061: 4051: 4008: 3997: 3996: 3994: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3969: 3951: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3863: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3785:(Thesis thesis). 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3718: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3673: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3624: 3614: 3590: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3563: 3545: 3536: 3530: 3510: 3509: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3486: 3476: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3428:(4): 1090–1113. 3413: 3407: 3406: 3396: 3386: 3354: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3230: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3176: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3120: 3111: 3110: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3075:. Archived from 3066: 3057: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3009: 2782:to sea turtles. 2365: 2364: 2242:J. R. R. Tolkien 2201:'s Survey. 1818. 2158: 2075:Magnetoreception 1884:Thermoregulation 1840:seagrass meadows 1541: 1540: 1517: 1516: 1459: 1458: 1386: 1385: 1331: 1330: 1306: 1305: 1281: 1280: 1238:Leviathanochelys 1229: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1197: 1196: 1146: 1145: 1136: 1135: 1092: 1091: 1069: 1068: 1059: 1058: 912: 911: 860: 859: 817: 816: 803: 790: 789: 765: 764: 740: 739: 723: 692: 691: 673: 658: 657: 633: 632: 621: 620: 611: 610: 607: 606: 586:Leviathanochelys 565:Leviathanochelys 497:snapping turtles 452: 445: 444: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 237: 139: 138: 123:green sea turtle 116: 106: 43: 30:Early Cretaceous 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 11233: 11232: 11228: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11223: 11222: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11186: 11178: 11173: 11165: 11163: 11155: 11150: 11142: 11137: 11129: 11124: 11116: 11111: 11103: 11098: 11090: 11085: 11077: 11072: 11064: 11059: 11051: 11046: 11037: 11036: 11031: 11022: 11021: 11016: 11003: 10993: 10988: 10955: 10898: 10875:Sahonachelyidae 10868: 10754: 10727: 10592: 10523:Phosphatochelys 10362: 10316: 10257: 10252:Terlinguachelys 10220:Pneumatoarthrus 10123: 10085: 9999: 9972: 9820: 9771: 9575: 9554: 9542:Siebenrockiella 9400: 9274: 9225: 9192: 9141: 9128:Mesodermochelys 9073: 8934: 8905: 8867: 8826: 8821: 8784: 8774: 8759: 8753: 8738: 8732: 8717: 8711: 8696: 8677: 8674: 8672:Further reading 8669: 8661: 8657: 8648: 8644: 8611: 8607: 8546: 8542: 8495: 8488: 8479: 8477: 8469: 8468: 8464: 8454: 8452: 8442: 8438: 8429: 8427: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8409: 8407: 8398: 8397: 8393: 8364: 8360: 8351: 8349: 8345: 8344: 8340: 8331: 8329: 8319: 8315: 8305: 8303: 8301:Huffington Post 8293: 8289: 8280: 8278: 8270: 8269: 8265: 8256: 8254: 8248:"Ocean Plastic" 8246: 8245: 8241: 8232: 8230: 8224:"Ocean Plastic" 8222: 8221: 8217: 8208: 8206: 8188: 8184: 8175: 8173: 8169: 8168: 8164: 8155: 8153: 8146: 8140: 8136: 8122: 8121: 8114: 8097: 8090: 8079: 8075: 8062: 8061: 8057: 8047: 8045: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8008: 8004: 7985: 7981: 7966: 7962: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7903: 7894: 7890: 7842: 7838: 7802: 7795: 7784: 7780: 7741: 7737: 7689: 7685: 7675: 7673: 7658: 7654: 7639: 7635: 7626: 7624: 7610: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7518: 7514: 7505: 7503: 7489: 7485: 7475: 7473: 7443: 7439: 7430: 7428: 7414: 7410: 7400: 7398: 7368: 7364: 7355: 7353: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7293: 7289: 7280: 7278: 7270:Caretta caretta 7264: 7260: 7250: 7248: 7224:Caretta caretta 7218: 7214: 7205: 7203: 7193:"Green Turtle ( 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7114: 7065: 7058: 6995: 6991: 6960: 6956: 6947: 6945: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6923: 6921: 6913: 6912: 6903: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6877: 6867: 6863: 6853: 6851: 6825:10.1890/06-0629 6793: 6789: 6781: 6774: 6768: 6750: 6746: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6702: 6698: 6677: 6673: 6663: 6661: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6614: 6608: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6561: 6557: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6530: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6491:Christina Scull 6489: 6485: 6457: 6453: 6436: 6432: 6397: 6393: 6351: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6317: 6313: 6267: 6263: 6254: 6253: 6249: 6215: 6211: 6196: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6148: 6144: 6134: 6132: 6128: 6115: 6111: 6074: 6070: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5956: 5955: 5951: 5942: 5940: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5896: 5892: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5833: 5831:) Life History" 5823: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5786: 5782: 5777: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5748:Caretta caretta 5742: 5735: 5728: 5712: 5708: 5671:Current Biology 5663: 5656: 5619:Current Biology 5611: 5604: 5553: 5549: 5504: 5495: 5450: 5439: 5396: 5385: 5340: 5331: 5322: 5320: 5318:Huffington Post 5310: 5306: 5297: 5295: 5280: 5276: 5267: 5265: 5255: 5251: 5207: 5201: 5194: 5178: 5174: 5129:Biology Letters 5121: 5114: 5105: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5056: 5045: 5033: 5027: 5020: 4969: 4965: 4926: 4919: 4904:10.2307/1444922 4884: 4880: 4851:(4638): 783–5. 4841: 4837: 4816:(13): 1853–60. 4798: 4791: 4765: 4755: 4751: 4714:Biology Letters 4703: 4699: 4667: 4661: 4657: 4642:10.2307/1444765 4626: 4622: 4599: 4592: 4577:10.2307/1565626 4561: 4554: 4507: 4500: 4461: 4454: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4364: 4360: 4328: 4324: 4285: 4281: 4250: 4246: 4199: 4195: 4186: 4184: 4174: 4170: 4133:Biology Letters 4125: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4072: 4065: 4014:(August 1987). 4009: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3924: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3897: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3816: 3809: 3794: 3790: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3762: 3736: 3732: 3695:Biology Letters 3687: 3683: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3651: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3543: 3537: 3533: 3528:Perseus Project 3504: 3500: 3445: 3441: 3414: 3410: 3355: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3223: 3221: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3178: 3177: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3150: 3149: 3142: 3133: 3131: 3121: 3114: 3107: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3064: 3058: 3051: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2979:Sea Turtles 911 2931: 2877: 2858:Sea Turtles 911 2846: 2833: 2812:Current Biology 2803: 2745: 2689: 2672: 2611: 2585: 2576:Caretta caretta 2511: 2473:Data deficient 2338: 2332: 2287: 2183:Ancient Chinese 2174: 2165: 2156: 2119: 2114: 2058: 2053: 2025:biofluorescence 2021:Solomon Islands 1956: 1932: 1926: 1886: 1862:lachrymal gland 1853: 1848: 1745: 1673: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1587: 1578: 1443: 1370: 1268: 1184: 1063:Panchelonioidea 1041: 1032: 1023: 1014: 1005: 996: 987: 978: 969: 899: 626:Panchelonioidea 598: 520:Panchelonioidea 499:(Chelydridae), 426: 386: 303: 298: 296:- Haworth, 1825 293: 288: 283: 236: 224:Panchelonioidea 133: 107: 105: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 38: 37: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11231: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11171: 11161: 11148: 11135: 11122: 11109: 11096: 11083: 11074:Fauna Europaea 11070: 11057: 11044: 11029: 11013: 11011: 11005: 11004: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10986: 10979: 10978: 10977:. † = extinct. 10968: 10965: 10964: 10961: 10960: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10953: 10945: 10937: 10928: 10926: 10919: 10912: 10908: 10907: 10904: 10903: 10900: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10888: 10879: 10877: 10870: 10869: 10867: 10866: 10858: 10851: 10844: 10836: 10828: 10821: 10813: 10805: 10797: 10789: 10781: 10773: 10770:Albertwoodemys 10764: 10762: 10760:Podocnemididae 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10745: 10737: 10735: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10725: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10696: 10688: 10681: 10674: 10667: 10660: 10657:Lomalatachelys 10652: 10645: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10602: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10590: 10582: 10574: 10566: 10558: 10550: 10542: 10534: 10526: 10518: 10510: 10507:Labrostochelys 10502: 10494: 10486: 10478: 10470: 10462: 10454: 10446: 10438: 10430: 10422: 10414: 10406: 10398: 10390: 10382: 10373: 10371: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10351: 10349: 10347:Araripemydidae 10339: 10332: 10326: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10314: 10306: 10298: 10290: 10282: 10274: 10265: 10263: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10255: 10247: 10239: 10231: 10223: 10215: 10207: 10199: 10191: 10183: 10175: 10167: 10159: 10151: 10143: 10134: 10132: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10121: 10113: 10105: 10096: 10094: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10083: 10075: 10067: 10060: 10052: 10049:Emarginachelys 10044: 10036: 10028: 10020: 10018: 10009: 10005: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9994:Sinaspideretes 9989: 9980: 9978: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9970: 9963: 9956: 9949: 9942: 9934: 9927: 9920: 9913: 9905: 9897: 9889: 9882: 9874: 9867: 9860: 9853: 9845: 9838: 9830: 9828: 9822: 9821: 9819: 9818: 9811: 9803: 9794: 9792: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9762: 9754: 9747: 9739: 9732: 9725: 9717: 9709: 9702: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9674: 9671:Hesperotestudo 9666: 9658: 9651: 9644: 9636: 9628: 9621: 9614: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9585: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9565: 9563: 9561:Platysternidae 9556: 9555: 9553: 9552: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9517: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9489: 9482: 9475: 9468: 9461: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9418: 9410: 9408: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9398: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9355: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9313: 9306: 9297: 9295: 9286: 9280: 9279: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9265: 9258: 9251: 9243: 9235: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9223: 9215: 9213: 9211:Dermatemydidae 9204: 9202:Kinosternoidea 9198: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9190: 9182: 9174: 9171:Procolpochelys 9166: 9158: 9149: 9147: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9139: 9131: 9123: 9115: 9108: 9100: 9092: 9083: 9081: 9079:Dermochelyidae 9075: 9074: 9072: 9071: 9063: 9055: 9047: 9040: 9032: 9024: 9017: 9009: 9001: 8993: 8986: 8978: 8971: 8968:Carolinochelys 8963: 8956: 8947: 8945: 8936: 8925: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8907: 8906: 8893: 8884: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8865: 8859: 8850: 8844: 8838: 8831: 8828: 8827: 8820: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8797: 8791: 8790: 8783: 8782:External links 8780: 8779: 8778: 8772: 8757: 8751: 8736: 8730: 8715: 8709: 8694: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8655: 8642: 8636:10.1651/C-2476 8629:(3): 409–421. 8605: 8540: 8499:Marine Biology 8486: 8462: 8436: 8416: 8391: 8358: 8338: 8313: 8287: 8263: 8239: 8215: 8182: 8162: 8134: 8112: 8088: 8073: 8055: 8025: 8002: 7979: 7960: 7941:(1–2): 43–51. 7925: 7916: 7901: 7895:Wright, Sara. 7888: 7859:10.1670/12-135 7853:(2): 186–187. 7836: 7817:(2): 213–222. 7793: 7778: 7735: 7683: 7652: 7633: 7604: 7558: 7512: 7483: 7437: 7408: 7362: 7333: 7287: 7258: 7212: 7195:Chelonia mydas 7183: 7149:Chelonia mydas 7137: 7112: 7056: 7009:(12): e15465. 6989: 6970:(1–2): 52–68. 6954: 6930: 6901: 6873:CHELONIA MYDAS 6861: 6787: 6772: 6766: 6744: 6741:, 26 June 2018 6724: 6718: 6696: 6693:on 16 May 2003 6671: 6639: 6602: 6574: 6555: 6537: 6512: 6509:978-0007557271 6483: 6451: 6430: 6391: 6370:10.2307/631139 6354:Casson, Lionel 6345: 6320:Strieker, Gary 6311: 6284:(3): 874–880. 6261: 6247: 6234:10.2307/595986 6209: 6194: 6176: 6142: 6109: 6068: 6009: 5979: 5962:Marine Turtles 5949: 5925: 5890: 5872: 5829:Chelonia mydas 5814: 5800: 5780: 5771: 5754:NOAA Fisheries 5733: 5726: 5706: 5677:(3): 392–396. 5654: 5602: 5547: 5493: 5437: 5410:(2): 336–342. 5383: 5329: 5304: 5274: 5249: 5220:10.1206/3845.1 5192: 5189:978-0801880070 5172: 5112: 5091: 5070:(2): 287–296. 5043: 5018: 4963: 4917: 4898:(1): 247–249. 4878: 4835: 4789: 4761:Chelonia mydas 4749: 4720:(6): 712–714. 4697: 4678:(1): 162–170. 4655: 4636:(3): 711–722. 4620: 4590: 4571:(4): 616–619. 4552: 4498: 4452: 4433:(4): 309–314. 4414: 4407: 4386: 4358: 4322: 4295:(3): 523–535. 4279: 4260:(2): 288–293. 4244: 4193: 4168: 4139:(4): 558–561. 4119: 4093: 4063: 4026:(2): 103–121. 3998: 3981: 3918: 3904: 3894:. Newswise.com 3883: 3807: 3788: 3771: 3730: 3701:(1): 116–119. 3681: 3660: 3636: 3585: 3575: 3554:(4): 581–588. 3531: 3498: 3439: 3408: 3369:(11): e47852. 3346: 3334:turtlehospital 3321: 3295: 3269: 3243: 3231: 3205: 3198: 3190:10.17226/12889 3168: 3140: 3112: 3106:978-0412055812 3105: 3085: 3082:on 2012-01-31. 3049: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2937: 2930: 2927: 2876: 2873: 2865:Shedd Aquarium 2845: 2844:Rehabilitation 2842: 2832: 2829: 2802: 2801:Climate change 2799: 2744: 2741: 2688: 2685: 2671: 2668: 2610: 2607: 2584: 2581: 2554:Turtle Islands 2527:Mustang Island 2525:) and four on 2510: 2507: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2334:Main article: 2331: 2328: 2286: 2283: 2222:ancient Romans 2218:Ancient Greeks 2173: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2125:, seagrasses, 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2045:optical filter 1972:biofluorescent 1955: 1952: 1925: 1922: 1894:Dermochelyidae 1885: 1882: 1852: 1851:Osmoregulation 1849: 1847: 1844: 1744: 1741: 1691:and along the 1689:Gulf of Mexico 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1380:Ctenochelyidae 1376: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1290:Procolpochelys 1284: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1140:Dermochelyidae 1134: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1057: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 993: 992: 989: 988: 984: 983: 980: 979: 975: 974: 971: 970: 966: 965: 962: 961: 951: 948: 947: 944: 943: 933: 930: 929: 926: 925: 915: 910: 908: 905: 904: 901: 900: 896: 895: 892: 891: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 863: 858: 856: 853: 852: 849: 848: 844:Procolpochelys 838: 835: 834: 831: 830: 820: 815: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 793: 788: 786: 783: 782: 779: 778: 768: 763: 761: 758: 757: 754: 753: 743: 738: 736: 734:Pancheloniidae 730: 729: 726: 725: 717:Dermochelyidae 713: 710: 709: 706: 705: 695: 690: 688: 680: 679: 676: 675: 661: 656: 654: 651: 650: 647: 646: 636: 631: 629: 619: 616: 615: 597: 594: 481:(side-necked) 456:Dermochelyidae 425: 422: 385: 382: 323:marine turtles 310: 309: 301:- Wagler, 1828 291:- Schmid, 1819 275: 274: 268: 267: 266: 265: 263:Ctenochelyidae 259: 254: 252:Dermochelyidae 246: 245: 241: 240: 231: 227: 226: 221: 214: 213: 208: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 127: 126: 118: 117: 109: 108: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11230: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11200: 11198: 11181: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11158: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11140: 11136: 11132: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11101: 11097: 11093: 11088: 11084: 11080: 11075: 11071: 11067: 11062: 11058: 11054: 11049: 11045: 11040: 11034: 11030: 11025: 11019: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11006: 11002: 10997: 10985: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10975: 10970: 10969: 10966: 10952: 10951: 10950:Tacuarembemys 10946: 10944: 10943: 10938: 10936: 10935: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10923: 10920: 10916: 10913: 10909: 10895: 10894: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10885:Sahonachelys 10881: 10880: 10878: 10876: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10859: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10848:Peltocephalus 10845: 10843: 10842: 10837: 10835: 10834: 10833:Lapparentemys 10829: 10827: 10826: 10822: 10820: 10819: 10814: 10812: 10811: 10806: 10804: 10803: 10798: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10774: 10772: 10771: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10757: 10751: 10750: 10746: 10744: 10743: 10739: 10738: 10736: 10734: 10733:Pelomedusidae 10730: 10724: 10723: 10722:Yaminuechelys 10718: 10716: 10715: 10711: 10709: 10708: 10704: 10702: 10701: 10697: 10695: 10694: 10693:Prochelidella 10689: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10680: 10679: 10675: 10673: 10672: 10668: 10666: 10665: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10653: 10651: 10650: 10646: 10644: 10643: 10639: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10630: 10629: 10625: 10623: 10622: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10609: 10608: 10607:Acanthochelys 10604: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10583: 10581: 10580: 10575: 10573: 10572: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10549: 10548: 10543: 10541: 10540: 10535: 10533: 10532: 10527: 10525: 10524: 10519: 10517: 10516: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10493: 10492: 10491:Kinkonychelys 10487: 10485: 10484: 10479: 10477: 10476: 10475:Itapecuruemys 10471: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10461: 10460: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10445: 10444: 10439: 10437: 10436: 10435:Eotaphrosphys 10431: 10429: 10428: 10423: 10421: 10420: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10397: 10396: 10391: 10389: 10388: 10383: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10369:Bothremydidae 10365: 10359: 10358: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10348: 10343: 10340: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10327: 10313: 10312: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10297: 10296: 10291: 10289: 10288: 10283: 10281: 10280: 10279:Argillochelys 10275: 10273: 10272: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10253: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10244:Santanachelys 10240: 10238: 10237: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10216: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10190: 10189: 10188:Desmatochelys 10184: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10174: 10173: 10172:Calcarichelys 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10156:Atlantochelys 10152: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10131: 10130:Protostegidae 10126: 10120: 10119: 10118:Jiangxichelys 10114: 10112: 10111: 10106: 10104: 10103: 10102:Anomalochelys 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10080:Protochelydra 10076: 10074: 10073: 10072:Planiplastron 10068: 10066: 10065: 10061: 10059: 10058: 10053: 10051: 10050: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10006: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9975: 9969: 9968: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9950: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9941: 9940: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9928: 9926: 9925: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9906: 9904: 9903: 9898: 9896: 9895: 9890: 9888: 9887: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9879:Drazinderetes 9875: 9873: 9872: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9861: 9859: 9858: 9854: 9852: 9851: 9846: 9844: 9843: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9823: 9817: 9816: 9815:Carettochelys 9812: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9802: 9801: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9784: 9782: 9778: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9740: 9738: 9737: 9733: 9731: 9730: 9726: 9724: 9723: 9718: 9716: 9715: 9710: 9708: 9707: 9703: 9701: 9700: 9699:Malacochersus 9696: 9694: 9693: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9682: 9680: 9679: 9675: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9657: 9656: 9652: 9650: 9649: 9645: 9643: 9642: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9608: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9599: 9598: 9594: 9592: 9591: 9590:Aldabrachelys 9587: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9562: 9557: 9551: 9550: 9546: 9544: 9543: 9539: 9537: 9536: 9532: 9530: 9529: 9525: 9523: 9522: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9511: 9509: 9508: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9497: 9495: 9494: 9490: 9488: 9487: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9472:Leucocephalon 9469: 9467: 9466: 9462: 9460: 9459: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9446: 9445: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9434: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9425: 9424: 9423:Banhxeochelys 9419: 9417: 9416: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9384: 9382: 9381: 9377: 9375: 9374: 9370: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9342: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9328: 9326: 9325: 9321: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9307: 9305: 9304: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9284:Testudinoidea 9281: 9271: 9270: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9252: 9250: 9249: 9244: 9242: 9241: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9231:Kinosternidae 9228: 9222: 9221: 9217: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9179:Protosphargis 9175: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9165: 9164: 9159: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9130: 9129: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9109: 9107: 9106: 9101: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9046: 9045: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9033: 9031: 9030: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9008: 9007: 9002: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8992: 8991: 8987: 8985: 8984: 8979: 8977: 8976: 8972: 8970: 8969: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8948: 8946: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8935:(Sea turtles) 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8920: 8904: 8903: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8864: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8843: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8832: 8829: 8825: 8818: 8813: 8811: 8806: 8804: 8799: 8798: 8795: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8775: 8769: 8765: 8764: 8758: 8754: 8748: 8745:. JHU Press. 8744: 8743: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8723: 8722: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8675: 8664: 8659: 8652: 8646: 8637: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8618: 8609: 8601: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8544: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8524: 8520: 8516: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8493: 8491: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8451: 8447: 8440: 8426: 8420: 8405: 8401: 8395: 8386: 8381: 8377: 8373: 8369: 8362: 8348: 8342: 8328: 8324: 8317: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8277: 8273: 8267: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8186: 8172: 8166: 8152: 8145: 8138: 8130: 8126: 8119: 8117: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8095: 8093: 8084: 8077: 8069: 8065: 8059: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8029: 8013: 8006: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7929: 7920: 7913: 7908: 7906: 7898: 7892: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7832: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7800: 7798: 7789: 7782: 7774: 7770: 7766: 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6811:: 1053–1058. 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6784: 6779: 6777: 6769: 6767:9780982694008 6763: 6759: 6755: 6748: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6721: 6719:9781841624860 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6649: 6643: 6624: 6620: 6613: 6606: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6570: 6566: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6541: 6526: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6480: 6479:0-261-10265-6 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6434: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6349: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6257: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6113: 6105: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5967: 5963: 5959: 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3423: 3419: 3412: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3351: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3278:"Sea Turtles" 3273: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3238: 3236: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3173: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3117: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3089: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3054: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3028:(5): 845–56. 3027: 3023: 3022:Palaeontology 3019: 3017: 3008: 3004: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850:rehabilitated 2841: 2837: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2798: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2751:, especially 2750: 2749:marine debris 2743:Marine debris 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717:Latin America 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2642:Bay of Bengal 2638: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2589: 2580: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2565: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2502: 2498: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2420:Kemp's ridley 2417: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371:IUCN Red List 2369: 2367: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2350:IUCN Red List 2342: 2337: 2327: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2256:Aspidochelone 2253: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2207:Tortoiseshell 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2169: 2160: 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1078: 1077:Toxochelyidae 1071: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1036: 1035: 1027: 1026: 1018: 1017: 1009: 1008: 1000: 999: 991: 990: 982: 981: 973: 972: 964: 963: 960: 959: 958: 957:Cabindachelys 950: 949: 946: 945: 942: 941: 940: 932: 931: 928: 927: 924: 923: 922: 914: 913: 907: 906: 903: 902: 894: 893: 890: 889: 888: 880: 879: 876: 875: 872: 871: 870: 862: 861: 855: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 845: 837: 836: 833: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826:Argillochelys 819: 818: 812: 811: 808: 807: 804: 802: 798: 792: 791: 785: 784: 781: 780: 777: 776: 775: 767: 766: 760: 759: 756: 755: 752: 751: 750: 742: 741: 735: 732: 731: 728: 727: 724: 722: 718: 712: 711: 708: 707: 704: 703: 702: 694: 693: 686: 682: 681: 678: 677: 674: 672: 667: 666:Protostegidae 660: 659: 653: 652: 649: 648: 645: 644: 643: 635: 634: 627: 623: 622: 618: 617: 613: 612: 609: 608: 605: 603: 593: 589: 587: 583: 582: 577: 576: 571: 567: 566: 561: 557: 553: 552: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 530:Desmatochelys 527: 526: 521: 516: 514: 513:Americhelydia 510: 509:Dermatemyidae 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489: 484: 480: 476: 475: 470: 469: 464: 463:Late Jurassic 459: 457: 453: 451: 439: 438:Ancient Greek 435: 431: 421: 417: 415: 411: 406: 403: 399: 394: 392: 381: 379: 375: 370: 368: 367:IUCN Red List 364: 360: 356: 355:Kemp's ridley 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 317:(superfamily 316: 308: 306:- Mayer, 1849 304:Pterodactyli 284:Chlonopteria 281:- Oppel, 1811 276: 273: 269: 264: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 247: 242: 235: 232: 230:Superfamily: 229: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 215: 212: 211:Americhelydia 209: 206: 203: 202: 199: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 137: 132: 128: 124: 119: 115: 110: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 42: 35: 31: 22: 19: 11218:Chelonioidea 11039:Chelonioidea 11009:Chelonioidea 11008: 10973: 10948: 10940: 10932: 10891: 10883: 10861: 10853: 10846: 10839: 10831: 10825:Erymnochelys 10823: 10816: 10810:Cerrejonemys 10808: 10800: 10792: 10786:Brontochelys 10784: 10776: 10768: 10747: 10740: 10720: 10712: 10705: 10700:Pseudemydura 10698: 10691: 10683: 10676: 10669: 10662: 10655: 10647: 10640: 10633: 10626: 10619: 10612: 10605: 10585: 10577: 10569: 10561: 10553: 10545: 10537: 10529: 10521: 10513: 10505: 10497: 10489: 10481: 10473: 10465: 10457: 10449: 10441: 10433: 10425: 10417: 10409: 10401: 10393: 10385: 10377: 10355: 10309: 10303:Prionochelys 10301: 10293: 10285: 10277: 10269: 10250: 10242: 10234: 10226: 10218: 10210: 10202: 10194: 10186: 10180:Cratochelone 10178: 10170: 10164:Bouliachelys 10162: 10154: 10146: 10140:Alienochelys 10138: 10116: 10108: 10100: 10078: 10070: 10062: 10055: 10047: 10041:Chelydropsis 10039: 10031: 10023: 9992: 9986:Basilochelys 9984: 9965: 9958: 9951: 9944: 9937: 9929: 9922: 9915: 9910:Khunnuchelys 9908: 9900: 9892: 9884: 9877: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9840: 9833: 9826:Trionychidae 9813: 9806: 9800:Allaeochelys 9798: 9764: 9757: 9751:Stigmochelys 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