Seal hunting - Knowledge

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using post-mortem examination of skulls. In marked contrast, the figure cited from Daoust et al.'s report represents the number of seals clubbed or shot that were brought on board sealing vessels while still conscious. That number ignores any and all animal suffering that occurs between the time animals are clubbed or shot until they eventually reach a sealing vessel, usually on the end of a hook or gaff." Another difference between these reports is "Daoust et al.'s direct observations were made under very different conditions than those provided by Burdon et al. Unlike Burdon et al.'s observations, they were made directly from sealing vessels so that the sealers were unavoidably aware that observers were present. As Daoust et al. (p 692) admit, the presence of an observer on a sealing vessel "may have incited sealers to hit the seals skulls more vigorously". Of course, the presence of an observer also has the potential to modify other sealing practices, including checking for a corneal reflex and bleeding animals immediately after clubbing."

1226:) or sold abroad. However, exports were hard hit by international campaigns against seal pelts, starting in 1980s (to some degree also later) and often focussing on seals being killed by clubbing or similar methods (especially young, but also adults), methods that were and are not in use in Greenland. As a consequence, Greenland attempted to distance itself from places where such methods were in use. For example, Greenland banned imports of seal skin from Canada for a period in 2006, specifically citing the way seals were killed. The European Union ban on seal skins has an exemption for those that originate from subsistence hunts by Inuit or other indigenous communities and using methods where animal welfare is considered (i.e., killed using humane methods), which has allowed Greenland to continue the trade. Nevertheless, the number of skins treated for commercial sale (both local and international) has fallen considerably in recent years and by 2017 was below 25,000. 1908:(CVMA), "the large majority of seals taken during this hunt (at best, 98% in work reported here) are killed in an acceptably humane manner." These veterinarians found, "During the 2001 season in the Gulf, three (1.9%) of 158 seals brought on board of the sealing vessels and directly observed by Daoust had not been killed, and in one (0.86%) of 116 interactions between seals and sealers observed on videotapes by Daoust and Crook, the seal also did not appear to have been killed before being hooked and brought on board." They thus concluded, "This small proportion of animals that are not killed efficiently justifies continued attention to this industry's activities, preferably by members of the veterinary profession, who are best equipped to assess the humaneness of the killing methods." 90:(DFO) regulates the seal hunt in Canada. It sets quotas (total allowable catch – TAC), monitors the hunt, studies the seal population, works with the Canadian Sealers' Association to train sealers on new regulations, and promotes sealing through its website and spokespeople. The DFO set harvest quotas of over 90,000 seals in 2007; 275,000 in 2008; 280,000 in 2009; and 330,000 in 2010. The actual kills in recent years have been less than the quotas: 82,800 in 2007; 217,800 in 2008; 72,400 in 2009; and 67,000 in 2010. In 2007, Norway reported that 29,000 harp seals were killed, Russia reported that 5,479 seals were killed and Greenland reported that 90,000 seals were killed in their respective seal hunts. 983:, and caliber of the rifles and minimum bullet velocity, that can be used. They state: "Every person who strikes a seal with a club or hakapik shall strike the seal on the forehead until its skull has been crushed", and that "No person shall commence to skin or bleed a seal until the seal is dead", which occurs when it "has a glassy-eyed, staring appearance and exhibits no blinking reflex when its eye is touched while it is in a relaxed condition." Reportedly, in one study, three out of eight times, the animal was not rendered either dead or unconscious by shooting, and the hunters would then kill the seal using a hakapik or other club of a type that is sanctioned by the governing authority. 1009: 2156:. Greenlandic Inuit hunt and eat both ringed and harp seals. Protests surrounding the southern seal hunt in Canada have historically impacted Canadian and Greenlandic Inuit. Because of the impact of protest, profits surrounding the Inuit hunting of ringed seal fall with any ban on any type of seal product, regardless of exemption. For example, in 1963, prices for high-quality pelts of ringed seals could reach above $ 20.00 each; these same pelts in 1967, the year of the first major protests, would only sell for $ 2.50 each, which impacted Inuit in many areas. Protests in other years have resulted in similar decreases in price. 1206:, respectively. The most common and widespread method involves using a small boat to slowly approach a seal sitting on ice or swimming at the surface of the water, and shoot it from a distance, aiming for the head. Once shot and killed, the boat rushes up to the seal and hooks the carcass out of the water before it sinks. Another method is sometimes used in places where the sea is almost entirely covered by ice. The hunter slowly crawls forwards on the ice towards a seal, hiding behind a white screen. Once within shooting range, the seal is shot. Although the killed seal can be retrieved with the use of a 6451: 97:

seal. In 1971, the Canadian government responded by instituting a quota system. The system was competitive, with each boat catching as many seals as it could before the hunt closed, which the Department of Fisheries and Oceans did when they knew that year's quota had been reached. Because it was thought that the competitive element might cause sealers to cut corners, new regulations were introduced that limited the catch to 400 seals per day, and 2000 per boat total. A 2007 population survey conducted by the DFO estimated the population at 5.5 million.

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not "just a source of cash through fur sales, but the keystone of their culture." Although Inuit harvest and hunt many species that inhabit the desert tundra and ice platforms, the seal is their mainstay. The Inuktitut vocabulary designates specific objects made from seal bone, sinew, fat and fur used as tools, games, thread, cords, fuel, clothing, boats, and tents. There are also words referring to seasons, topography, place names, legends, and kinship relationships based on the seal. One region of Canada's north is inhabited by the

316: 1723: 1715: 1162:. Other importers were Finland, Denmark, France, Greece, South Korea, and Russia. Asia remains the principal market for seal meat exports. One of Canada's market access priorities for 2002 was to "continue to press Korean authorities to obtain the necessary approvals for the sale of seal meat for human consumption in Korea." Canadian and Korean officials agreed in 2003 on specific Korean import requirements for seal meat. For 2004, only Taiwan and South Korea purchased seal meat from Canada. 53: 1187: 9491: 821: 1948:(WWF) commissioned the Independent Veterinarians Working Group Report. With reference to video evidence, the report states: "Perception of the seal hunt seems to be based largely on emotion, and on visual images that are often difficult even for experienced observers to interpret with certainty. While a hakapik strike on the skull of a seal appears brutal, it is humane if it achieves rapid, irreversible loss of consciousness leading to death." 2074: 903:

enforced by both powers. They limited pelagic sealing as to time, place, and manner by fixing a zone of 60 miles (97 km) around the Pribilof Islands within which the seals were not to be molested at any time, and from 1 May to 31 July each year they were not to be pursued anywhere in the Bering Sea. Only licensed sailing vessels were permitted to engage in fur sealing, and the use of firearms or explosives was prohibited.

997: 216: 654: 1700: 402: 1919:, also known as the Malouf Commission, concluded in a 1986 report, "Judged by the criteria of rapidity of unconsciousness and particularly the absence of preslaughter stress, the clubbing of seal pups is, when properly performed, at least as humane as, and often more humane than, the killing methods used in commercial slaughterhouses, which are accepted by a majority of the public." 860:, the killing of seals was strictly regulated on the Pribiloff islands and in "the waters adjacent thereto". Beginning in about 1886, it became the practice of certain British and Canadian vessels to intercept passing seals in the open ocean (over three miles from any shore) and shoot them in the water (pelagic sealing). In the summer of 1886, three British Columbian sealers, the 950: 812:, the Newfoundland hunt was dominated by large Norwegian sealing vessels until the late 20th century, when the much diminished hunt shifted to smaller motor fishing vessels, based from outports around Newfoundland and Labrador. In 2007, the commercial seal hunt dividend contributed about $ 6 million to the Newfoundland GDP, a fraction of the industry's former importance. 1109:

whelping grounds: sturdy sea ice. Also, seal pups born elsewhere began floating to shore on small, shrinking pieces of ice. Many others stayed too far north, out of reach of all but the most determined hunters. Environment Canada, the weather forecasting agency, reported the ice was at the lowest level on record.

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upwards of 36,000 skins were sent from the islands in Bass Straits . Along the shores of New Zealand, as well as the southern shores of Australia, large numbers of seals were found. In New Zealand a vessel from Boston, called the 'General Gates,' landed a part of six men near the south-west cape of the

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In March 2006, Brigitte Bardot traveled to Ottawa to protest the hunt, though the prime minister turned down her request for a meeting. During the same month, Paul and Heather Mills McCartney toured the Gulf of Saint Lawrence's sealing grounds, and spoke out against the seal hunt, including as guests

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Prior to the arrival of European settlers, a much larger population of harp seals migrated to the waters off Newfoundland and Labrador. Settlers began exploiting the population, with kills peaking in the middle of the 1800s. In the first half of the 1840s, 546,000 seals were killed annually. This led

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In observing four videos taken during the 2001 seal hunt in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the authors of this report state, "A large proportion (87%) of the sealers recorded on the four videotapes failed to palpate the skull or check the corneal reflex before proceeding to hook or bleed the seal or go to

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The Russian seal hunt has not been well monitored since the breakup of the Soviet Union. The quota in 1998 was 35,000 animals. Reportedly, many whitecoat pups are not properly killed and are transported, while injured, to processing areas. In January 2000, a bill to ban seal hunting was passed by the

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In 2009, an unusual bid to end seal culling in Namibia was attempted when Seal Alert tried to raise money to purchase the only buyer of Namibian seals, Australian-based Hatem Yavuz, in its entirety for US$ 14.2 million. The project did not materialise. Also, the Government of Namibia offered the

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Seal meat is a source of food for residents of small coastal communities. Meat is sold in the Asian pet food market; in 2004, only Taiwan and South Korea purchased seal meat from Canada. Seal blubber is used to make seal oil, marketed as a fish oil supplement. In 2001, 2% of Canada's raw seal oil was

762:. Large and expensive ships required major capital investments from British and Newfoundland firms, and shifted the industry from merchants in small outports to companies based in St. John's, Newfoundland. By the late 19th century, the sealing industry in Newfoundland was second in importance only to 345:

were the first regions to experience large scale sealing. Migratory fishermen began the hunting from as early as the 1500s. Large-scale commercial seal hunting became an annual event starting in 1723 and expanded rapidly near the turn of the 18th century. Initially, the method used was to ensnare the

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There were approximately 150,000 circumpolar Inuit in 2005 in Greenland, Alaska, Russia, and Canada. According to Kirt Ejesiak, former secretary and chief of staff to then-Premier of Nunavut, Paul Okalik and the first Inuk from Nunavut to attend Harvard, for the c. 46,000 Canadian Inuit, the seal was

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populations in the northwest Atlantic declined to approximately 2 million in the late 1960s as a result of Canada's annual kill rates, which averaged to over 291,000 from 1952 to 1970. Conservationists demanded reduced rates of killing and stronger regulations to avert the extinction of the harp

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On 26 March 2006, seven anti-sealing activists were arrested in the Gulf of St. Lawrence for violating the terms of their observer permits. By law, observers must maintain a ten-meter distance between themselves and the sealers. Five of the protesters were later acquitted. In the same month, as part

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In addition to hunting pressures on the population of harp seals, as ice seals that are dependent on solid sea ice for whelping, the harp seal population is affected by global climate change. The lack of sea ice in recent years has resulted in the drowning deaths of tens of thousands of newborn harp

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This marked the first attempt at establishing regulations on the sealing industry for environmental purposes. However, these regulations failed because the mother seals fed outside the protected area and remained vulnerable. A joint commission of scientists from Britain and the United States further

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After the European Union's ban on whitecoat pelt imports, the Canadian government and sealing industry developed markets for the pelts of beaters. In 1996, the kill rates again increased to over 200,000 each year, except in the year 2000. In 2002 and 2004 to 2006, over 300,000 seal pups were killed

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In the 1950s and 1960s an average of over 291,000 seal pups were killed each year. This led to a population decline to less than 2 million seals. Conservationists became alarmed and demanded controls on kill rates. Thus in 1971, Canada instituted a quota system. In the years from 1971 to 1982,

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In 2013, the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans conducted a population survey. The resulting estimate of the harp seal population was 7.3 million animals, over three times what it was in the 1970s. In 2004, the population estimate was similar: 5.9 million (95% CI 4.6 million

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The veterinarians examined 76 seal carcasses and found that in 17% of the cases, there were no detectable lesions of the skull, leading them to conclude the clubbing likely did not result in loss of consciousness. In 25% of the remaining cases, the carcasses had minimal to moderate skull fractures,

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In Norway in 2004, only Rieber worked with sealskin and seal oil. In 2001, the biggest producer of raw seal oil was Canada (two percent of the raw oil was processed and sold in Canadian health stores). Rieber had the majority of all distribution of raw seal oil in the world market, but there was no

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Today, commercial sealing is conducted by only five nations: Canada, Greenland, Namibia, Norway, and Russia. The United States, which had been heavily involved in the sealing industry, now maintains a complete ban on the commercial hunting of marine mammals, with the exception of indigenous peoples

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The issue was taken to arbitration, which concluded in favour of Britain on all points in 1893. Since the decision was in favor of Great Britain, in accordance with the arbitration treaty the tribunal prescribed a series of regulations for preserving the seal herds which were to be binding upon and

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The sealers pursued their trade in a most unsustainable manner, promptly reducing the fur seal population to near extermination. As a result, sealing activities on South Georgia had three marked peaks in 1786–1802, 1814–23, and 1869–1913 respectively, decreasing in between and gradually shifting to

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by George Wenzel, a McGill University geographer and anthropologist who worked more than two decades with the Clyde Inuit of Baffin Island. Wenzel's "scholarly examination" of "the impact of the animal rights movement upon the culture and economy of the Canadian Inuit" was among the first to reveal

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In Greenland, hunting is done with a firearm (rifle or shotgun) and young are fully protected. This has caused some conflicts with other seal-hunting nations, as Greenland also was hit by the boycotts that often were aimed at seals (often young) killed by clubbing or similar methods, which have not

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The 2010 hunt was cut short because demand for seal pelts was down. Only one local pelt buyer, NuTan Furs, offered to purchase pelts; and it committed to purchase less than 15,000 pelts. Pelt prices were about C$ 21/pelt in 2010, which is about twice the 2009 price and about 64% of the 2007 price.

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Although around 70% of Canadian seals killed are taken on the Front, private monitors focus on the St. Lawrence hunt, because of its more convenient location. The 2006 St. Lawrence leg of the hunt was officially closed on 3 April 2006; sealers had already exceeded the quota by 1,000 animals. On 26

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designed to increase cod stocks. Cod fishing has traditionally been a key part of the Atlantic fishery, and an important part of the economy of Newfoundland and Labrador. Fisheries and Oceans Canada responded there is no connection between the annual seal harvest and the cod fishery, and that the

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In 1983, the European Union banned the import of whitecoat harp seal pup pelts (pelts from pups less than about two weeks of age, when the pups molt). As a result, the market for pelts dropped. The kill rates thus declined in subsequent years to an average of about 52,000 seals from 1983 to 1995.

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In 2005, IFAW published a comparison of the CVMA-funded study and its own study. In this critique, David M. Lavigne, Science Advisor to IFAW, writes, "The Burdon et al. evidence cited above addresses the question of whether seals were likely conscious or unconscious at the time they were skinned,

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culling seals. Although the protection and the sustainable use of natural resources is part of Namibia's constitution, it claims to conduct the second largest seal hunt in the world, mainly because of the huge amount of fish seals are estimated to consume. While a government-initiated study found

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is a tourism resort and the largest Cape fur seal colony in Namibia. The Department of Tourism has stated that "Cape Cross Seal Reserve was established to protect the largest breeding colony of Cape fur seals in the world". In season, the resort is closed and sealed off during the culling in the

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In 2003, the three-year harp seal quota granted by Fisheries and Oceans Canada was increased to a maximum of 975,000 animals per three years, with a maximum of 350,000 animals in any two consecutive years. As of 2012, the population in Canada of the Northwest Atlantic harp seals is approximately

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The 2010 winter was unusually warm, with little ice forming in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in February and March, when harp seals give birth to their pups on ice floes. Around the Gulf, harp seals arrived in late winter to give birth on near-shore ice and even on beaches rather than on their usual

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In New South Wales the sealing trade was in full swing from 1810 to 1820 . Owing to the want of proper restrictions, the indiscriminate slaughter was terrible. It is recorded that in the years 1814–15, 400,000 skins from one island, the Antipodes island were taken. In the years 1803 and 1804

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criticized the seal hunt protest: "The harp seal question is entirely emotional. We have to be logical. We have to aim our activity first to the endangered species. Those who are moved by the plight of the harp seal could also be moved by the plight of the pig – the way they are slaughtered is

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peoples. For some sealers, they claim, proceeds from the hunt make up a third of their annual income. Critics, however, say this represents only a tiny fraction of the C$ 600-million Newfoundland fishing industry. Sealing opponents also say $ 16.5 million is insignificant, compared to the

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This veterinary study included examination of video footage of 179 seals hunted in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In these videos, 96 seals were shot, 56 were shot and then clubbed or gaffed, 19 were clubbed or gaffed, and 8 were killed by unknown means. In 79% of these cases, sealers did not check the

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Seals are abundant in Greenland with an estimated total population of 12 million, and about 82,000 harp seals, 78,000 ringed seals and a much lower number of hooded seals are killed each year (historically, a couple of other seal species were also hunted). The hunter has to have a hunting

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reported that while the pups are born on the ice as usual, the ice floes have started to break up before the pups learn to swim, causing the pups to drown. Canada reduced the 2007 quota by 20%, because overflights showed large numbers of seal pups were lost to thin and melting ice. In southern

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ventured forth in boats to increase their haul. This soon became a sophisticated commercial operation; the seals were transported back to England, where the seal's meat, fur, and oil were sold separately. From 1749, the import of seal oil to England was being recorded annually, and was used as

113:" and can be commercially hunted. After molting, the seals are called "beaters", named for the way they beat the water with their flippers. The hunt remains highly controversial, attracting significant media coverage and protests each year. Images from past hunts have become iconic symbols for 2092:

Protesters frequently use images of whitecoats, despite Canada's ban on the commercial hunting of suckling pups. The HSUS explains this by saying images of the legally hunted ragged jackets are nearly indistinguishable from those of whitecoats. Also, they state, according to official DFO kill

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All Norwegian sealing vessels are required to carry a qualified veterinary inspector on board. Norwegian sealers are required to pass a shooting test each year before the season starts, using the same weapon and ammunition as they would on the ice. Likewise, they have to pass a

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is used because of its efficiency; the animal can be killed quickly without damage to its pelt. The hammer head is used to crush the seals' thin skulls, while the hook is used to move the carcasses. Canadian sealing regulations describe the dimensions of the clubs and the

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Namibia's Ministry of Fisheries announced a three-year rolling quota for the seal harvest, although different quotas per year are sometimes reported. The latest quota announced was in 2009, valid until 2011. The quotas are usually not filled by the concession holders.

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Canadian seal product exports reached C$ 18 million in 2006. Of this, C$ 5.4 million went to the EU. In 2009, the European Union banned all seal imports, shrinking the market. Where pelts once sold for more than $ 100, they now fetch $ 8 to $ 15 each.

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Seal hunting is very important to the local societies, especially small rural villages. In 2011, there were almost 8,000 hunters, including 2,100 full-time (the remaining are often fishers–hunters), out of a total work force of 32,000 people in Greenland. The

1831:. Most of the skins processed by Rieber have been imported from abroad, mainly from Canada. Only a small portion is from the Norwegian hunt. Of the processed skin, five percent is sold in Norway; the rest is exported to the Russian and Asian markets. 962:

In the Canadian commercial seal hunt, the majority of the hunters initiate the kill using a firearm. Ninety percent of sealers on the ice floes of the Front (east of Newfoundland), where the majority of non-native seal hunting occurs, use firearms.

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Seal skins have been used by aboriginal people for millennia to make waterproof jackets and boots, and seal fur to make fur coats. Pelts account for over half the processed value of a seal, selling at over C$ 100 each as of 2006. According to

673:. Kill rates averaged 451,000 in the 1830s, and rose to 546,000 annually during the first half of the next decade, which led to a marked decline in the harp seal population that in turn adversely impacted profits in the sealing industry. 2065:. Within Canada, public opinion is relative to Canadians' geographic proximity to communities with a historical tradition of participating in the seal hunt, and opposition is higher in urban centres outside of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2370:

is a seal in the Japanese version; however, it was changed into a yeti-like creature in North American and European versions because of concerns over seal hunting references (since the main characters in the game use hammers to defeat

157:(the earless seals); animals in the family Phocidae were sometimes referred to as hair seals, and are much more adept for a fully aquatic lifestyle than the eared seals, though they have a more difficult time getting around on land. 748:

around Newfoundland with large and expensive steamships owned by large British and Newfoundland companies based in St. John's. Owned at first by the Scottish firm W. Grieve and Sons, she was acquired in 1880 by R. Steele Junior.

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considered the problem, and came to the conclusion that pelagic sealing needed to be curtailed. However, further joint tribunals did not enact new legal restrictions and, at this point, Japan also embarked upon pelagic sealing.

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subsidy. The level of subsidy totaled $ 650,000 in 1997, $ 440,000 in 1998 and $ 250,000 in 1999. There were no meat subsidies in 2000. Some critics, such as the McCartneys (see below), have suggested promoting that area as an

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corneal reflex to ensure that the seals were dead prior to hooking or skinning them. In only 6% of these cases, seals were bled immediately, where struck. The average time from initial strike to bleeding was 66 seconds.

1855:, the Norwegian GC Rieber Skinn AS proposed a joint Russian–Norwegian seal hunting project. The campaign was carried out from one hunt boat supplied by GS Rieber Skinn AS in 2007, lasted two weeks, and brought in 40 000 5061: 165:

The fur seal yields a valuable fur; the hair seal has no fur, but oil can be obtained from its fat and leather from its hide. Seals have been used for their pelts, their flesh, and their fat, which was often used as

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after the retailer decided to stop carrying seal oil capsules. Costco stated politics played no role in their decision to remove the capsules, and on 4 April that year, they were again being sold in Costco stores.

836:. Sealing in the Bering sea led to a diplomatic dispute between the US and Britain in the 1880s, which brought about the first legislative attempts to limit the environmental damage done by the sealers. Drawing by 451:. By 1790 this port alone had sixty vessels employed in the trade. Between 1793 and 1799 there was an average of sixty vessels in the trade. The average increased to seventy-two in the years between 1800 and 1809. 1149:

Canada's biggest market for seal pelts is Norway. Carino Limited is one of Newfoundland's largest seal pelt producers. Carino (CAnada–RIeber–NOrway) is marketing its seal pelts mainly through its parent company,

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was an international duty, and should be secured by international arrangement. The British imperial government repudiated the claim, but was willing to negotiate on the question of international regulation.

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funding required to regulate and subsidize the hunt. For 1995 and 1996, there are confirmed reports Fisheries and Oceans Canada encouraged maximum utilization of harvested seals through a $ 0.20 per pound

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Fortuna Oils AS (established in 2004) is a 100% owned subsidiary of GC Rieber. They get the majority of their raw oil imported from Newfoundland. They also have access to raw oil from the Norwegian hunt.

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in Norway, Atlantic Marine in Canada and Great Greenland in Greenland. Their clients were earlier French fashion houses and fur makers in Europe, but today the fur is mainly exported to Russia and China.

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The seal hunt provided critical winter wages for fishermen, but was dangerous work marked by sealing disasters that claimed hundreds of lives, such as the 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster involving the

1742:, and "seal hunting" on the coast and islands of mainland Norway. The latter is carried out by small groups of licensed hunters shooting seals from land and using small boats to retrieve the catch. 493:, and by 1791, 102 vessels, manned by 3,000 sealers, were hunting seals south of the equator. The first commercial visit to the South Sandwich Islands was made in 1816 by another English ship, the 680:

sealers on the annual hunts of the 1850s. An annual kill of 700,000 was estimated when sealing reached its peak in Newfoundland in the 1860s, with the introduction of more powerful and reliable

398:, although sealing began to play a prominent part in the operation as well. More expeditions were sent in 1777 and 1778 before political and economic troubles hampered the trade for some time. 1089:

March 2007, the Newfoundland and Labrador government launched a seal hunt website to counter "misinformation about the sealing industry that is by international animal rights organizations".

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only showed one full-time sealing vessel on its books. In the North Pacific, the later 1800s saw large harvests of fur seals. These harvests decreased along with fur-seal populations.

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seal colonies consume more fish than the entire fishing industry can catch, animal protection society Seal Alert South Africa estimated less than 0.3% losses to commercial fisheries.

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By about 1815, sealing in the Pacific had faded in importance. A brief revival occurred from 1823, but this proved very short-lived. Although highly profitable at times and affording

350:, known as the 'landsman seal fishery'. The hunt was mainly for the procurement of seal meat as a form of sustenance for the settlements in the area, rather than for commercial gain. 4367: 3873: 2040:

In March 2005, Greenpeace asked the DFO to "dispel the myth that seals are hampering the recovery of cod stocks." In doing so, they implied the seal hunt is, at least in part, a

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Report of the cruise of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Bear and the overland expedition for the relief of the whalers in the Arctic ocean, from November 27, 1897, to September 13, 1898

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According to the (DFO), "The Marine Mammal Regulations stipulate that seals must be harvested quickly using only high-powered rifles, shotguns firing slugs, clubs or hakapiks."

1028:, the difficult ice conditions and low quotas in 2006 resulted in reduced access to seal pelts, which caused the commodity price to be pushed up. One high-end fashion designer, 684:

that were capable of much larger range and storing capacity. Annual catches exceeded the 400,000 mark from the 1870s and smaller sealers were steadily pushed out of the market.

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reports, 97% percent of the estimated million harp seals killed in the last four years have been under three months old, and the majority of these are less than one month old.

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between the United States and Great Britain over the management of fur seal harvests. In 1867 the United States government purchased from Russia all her territorial rights in

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The first commercial hunting of seals by Europeans, is said to have occurred in 1515, when a cargo of fur seal skins from Uruguay was sent to Spain for sale in the markets of

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without debate on 27 July 2009. Denmark, Romania, and Austria abstained. The Canadian government responded to the move by stating that it will take the European Union to the

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The Norwegian company Polardrift AS, in 2007, had plans to establish a company in Russia, and operate under Russian flag, in close cooperation with GC Rieber Skinn Pomor'e.

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and off Newfoundland's northeast coast, however, there was extra heavy ice in 2007, and the coast guard estimated as many as 100 vessels were trapped in ice simultaneously.

918:, Japan and Russia, the treaty was designed to manage the commercial harvest of fur-bearing mammals. It outlawed open-water seal hunting and acknowledged the United States' 4879: 3547: 758:, originally built in 1884 for the Dundee whaling and sealing fleet. She was ideally suited to the polar regions and worked for 10 years in the annual seal fishery in the 5837: 5932: 5701: 706:, and was the most outstanding sealing vessel of her day and the lead ship in a new generation of sealers. Heavy-built with 15-centimetre-thick (6-inch) wooden planks, 4508: 4171: 4071: 2545: 1810:

In 2007, the European Food Safety Agency confirmed the animals are put to death faster and more humanely in the Norwegian sealing than in large game hunting on land.

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indicative of a "decreased level of consciousness", but probably not unconsciousness. The remaining 58% of the carcasses examined showed extensive skull fractures.

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In 2005, Norway allowed foreign nationals to take part in the hunt. In 2006, 17,037 seals (including 13,390 harp and 3,647 hooded seals) were killed. In 2007, the

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how animal rights groups, "well-meaning people in the dominant society through misunderstanding and ignorance can inflict destruction" on a vulnerable minority.

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conducted a study that disputed these findings. This report concludes the Canadian commercial seal hunt results in considerable and unacceptable suffering.

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have opposed the ban and lobbied European Parliament members against it. Canadian seal hunting issues had been spotlighted in the months leading up to the

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The treaty was dissolved with the onset of hostilities between the signatories in World War II. However, the treaty set precedent for future national and

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one of its earliest trade staples, sealing's unregulated character saw its self-destruction. Notable traders from Britain and based in Australia included

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sealers, who used to live there for considerable periods of time and sometimes overwintered. In 1778, English sealers brought back from the Island of

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Internationally, opposition to the seal hunt is comparable to abhorrence about the treatment of animals in other cultural-economic practices such as

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were recruited to attract the attention of international gossip magazines. Other celebrities who have aligned themselves against the hunt include

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in managing the on-shore hunting of seals for commercial purposes. It was the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.

79:. Seal hunting is currently practiced in nine countries: Canada, Denmark (in self-governing Greenland only), Russia, the United States (above the 9042: 5603: 5581:

Marland, Alex (2014). "If seals were ugly, nobody would give a damn: Propaganda, nationalism and political marketing in the Canadian seal hunt".

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Seals in the water and seals with young may not be killed, and the use of traps, artificial lighting, airplanes, or helicopters is forbidden.

894:

While people living in Estonian coastal areas used to hunt seals, this has changed a lot within the last half century. Within the last decade

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Inuit seal hunting accounts for the majority of the seal hunt, but just three percent of the hunt in southern Canada; it is excluded from the

5649: 5360: 1863:. CG Rieber Skinn AS, in 2007, established a daughter company in Arkhangelsk, called GC Rieber Skinn Pomor'e Lic. (GC Rieber Skinn Pomorje). 744:

radically transformed the Eastern North Atlantic seal fishery as they replaced the hundreds of smaller sealing vessels owned by merchants in

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is from 15 November to 15 May. While Inuit hunt seals commercially year-round, most sealing in southern Canada occurs in late March in the

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1900. Historically seal hunting was often done from kayak with a harpoon, but today most is done from small motorboat with rifle/shotgun

604:(discovered in July 1810) from 1810. During this period sealers were active on the southern coast of mainland Australia, for example at 8388: 6627: 1738:

The Norwegian sealing season runs from January to September. The hunt involves "seal catching" by seagoing sealing boats on the Arctic

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British Columbia: From the Earliest Times to the Present, Vol .2, Chapter XXVII "The Sealing Industry and the Behring Sea Arbitration"

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license and he/she is obliged to register all kills with the authorities. Young seals and mothers with young are fully protected.

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shall be used to ensure the animal is dead. This is done by crushing the skull of the shot adult seal with the short end of the

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The Fisheries Act established "Seal Protection Regulations" in the mid-1960s. The regulations were combined with other Canadian

83:

in Alaska), Namibia, Estonia, Norway, Finland and Sweden. Most of the world's seal hunting takes place in Canada and Greenland.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQAHPxuW843ySklhJc9X7tDkWN_43MXWbMERjN6-K8BzdYNQ9es8TrtU_5jcepxEsjP_B5cePsxz26t/pub

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQAHPxuW843ySklhJc9X7tDkWN_43MXWbMERjN6-K8BzdYNQ9es8TrtU_5jcepxEsjP_B5cePsxz26t/pub

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From the early 18th century English hunters began to range further afield – 1723 marked the first time that hunters armed with

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on 17 January 1775. During the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century, South Georgia was inhabited by English and

227: 3618:"Animal Welfare aspects of the killing and skinning of seals – Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Animal Health and Welfare" 1222:

and the skin is also used for local clothes (for example, Greenland's National Costume contains seal skin, including in the

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were explored, exploited and charted from 1803 to 1804. Thereafter, the sealing-industry focus shifted to the sub-Antarctic

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16.5 million, which significantly contributes to seal manufacturing companies, and for several thousand fishermen and

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At the time of her arrival in St. John's, there were 300 vessels outfitted each season to hunt seals, but most were small

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Adult seals more than one year old must be shot in the head with expanding bullets, and cannot be clubbed to death. The

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In 2011, South African activists launched a boycott of Namibian tourism and Namibian products in response to the cull.

284:. Though no longer used to this extent, ringed seals are still an important food and clothing source for the people of 6135: 5444: 3299:

Chesley Sanger, "Sail versus Steam: Post 1863 Technological and Spatial Adaptation in the Newfoundland Seal Fishery,"

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In 2009, the European Union passed a law banning the promotion of imported seal products. The law was approved by the

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were once the main staple for food, and have been used for clothing, boots, fuel for lamps, as delicacy, containers,

202:. Early commercial sealers discarded most of the flesh, but might save seal hearts and flippers for an evening meal. 5724: 9050: 8701: 8531: 8358: 7428: 7423: 6853: 6537: 6512: 6350: 3017: 383: 293: 9018: 8771: 8656: 7865: 7451: 7346: 5290:

The 36th Session of the Joint Norwegian – Russian Fisheries Commission, St Petersburg, Russia, 22–26 October 2007

1976:

As a result of population concerns, Norway's seal hunt is now controlled by quotas based on recommendations from

635: 320: 1392:(IFAW) an opportunity to buy out the two sealers in Namibia to finally end the culling. The offer was rejected. 8994: 7356: 7066: 6735: 6597: 3499: 3467: 2302:

details the relationship between seal hunting, Inuit poverty, and the consequences of international trade bans.

1105:

The reduced demand is attributable mainly to the 2009 ban on imports of seal products into the European Union.

109:(bluebacks). When the seal pups begin to molt their downy white fur at the age of 12–14 days, they are called " 5877: 3898: 2594: 1092:

Warm winters in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence have led to thinner and more unstable ice there. In 2007, Canada's

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believe the hunt will be ended only by the financial pressure of a boycott of Canadian seafood. In 2005, the

1052:

processed and sold in Canadian health stores. There has been virtually no market for seal organs since 1998.

568:

With Bass Strait over-exploited by 1802, commercial attention returned to southern New Zealand waters, where

260:, or "people of the seal." The title of Ejesiak's article acknowledged the pivotal 1991 publication entitled 408:

became a centre for the sealing industry from the late 18th century, shortly after it was mapped by Captain

133:

The term seal is used to refer to a diverse group of animals. In science, they are grouped together in the

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in 1912 to South Georgia Island, and includes many details about the brutal elephant seal fishery there.

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Many animal protection groups encourage people to petition against the harvest. Respect for Animals and

1896:

Canada has become the center of the sealing debate because of the comparatively large size of its hunt.

9431: 9303: 9098: 9034: 8970: 8621: 8581: 8551: 7679: 7674: 7076: 6570: 4660: 3647: 2678: 1980:(ICES), However, sealing in Norway has declined in recent years, and the quotas have not been reached. 1210:, it is illegal to use a motor vehicle (including snowmobile), plane or helicopter in the hunt itself. 1141:(from 12 to 15 days of age), as this coincides with the time when they are abandoned by their mothers. 829: 250:

and iron, and the pelts were prized for their warmth. The Inuit diet is rich in fish, whale, and seal.

141:, not popularly thought of as a seal, and not considered here. The two main families of seals are the 41: 5604:

Mindbombs of Right and Wrong: Cycles of Contention in the Activist Campaign to Stop Canada's Seal Hunt

5416: 2956: 2549: 9415: 9253: 9090: 8526: 7820: 7739: 7599: 7179: 6237: 6222: 5458: 5359:

Burdon, Rosemary L.; Gripper, John; Longair, J. Alan; Robinson, Ian; Ruehlmann, Debbie (March 2001).

4897: 4643: 4131: 2792:"Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic, by George Wenzel" 1158:. Canada sold pelts to eleven countries in 2004. The next largest were Germany, Greenland, and China/ 1122: 873: 338: 4709: 2488: 9544: 9384: 9345: 9331: 9197: 9173: 8962: 8586: 7990: 7935: 7392: 7111: 7096: 7081: 7038: 7003: 6740: 6620: 5323: 4336:"MEPs adopt strict conditions for the placing on the market of seal products in the European Union" 4253: 3181:

Fur Seal Abitration, Volume 6: Fur Seal Abitration, United States. 53d Congress, 2d session, Senate

2117: 1753:(about US$ 2.6 million) would be given in funding to vessels in the 2007 Norwegian seal hunt. 788:. The rugged hulls and experienced crews of Newfoundland sealing vessels often led sealers such as 771: 421: 9317: 6125: 5653: 3427: 557:) saw the sealers' focus shift there in 1798, when a gang including Daniel Cooper landed from the 9524: 9466: 9237: 9141: 8954: 8930: 8807: 8686: 8641: 8536: 8423: 8232: 6908: 6826: 6435: 6247: 5627: 5157:"Seal oil omega-3 for APAC: Norwegian company seeks growth in the East amid sales spike in China" 4858: 4798:"Forskrift om endring av forskrift om regulering av fangst av sel i Vesterisen og Østisen i 2006" 3178:

Bering Sea Tribunal of Arbitration (1895). "Appendix H: Affidavits relating to Pelagic Sealing".

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Letter from Commander Thomas Melvill to Chas. Enderby & sons in London detailing this catch.

2652: 2019: 1372: 1235: 714:

but her main power was a steam engine designed to smash deep into ice packs to reach seal herds.

544: 231: 6121:

Transcript of a Larry King Interview with The McCartneys and Newfoundland Premier Danny Williams

3917:

Daoust, Pierre-Yves; Crook, Alice; Bollinger, Trent K.; Campbell, Keith G.; Wong, James (2002).

3521: 1859:

per Russian hunter. GS Rieber skinn AS declared a plan to order 20 boats and donate them to the

9529: 9494: 9439: 8986: 8561: 8521: 8475: 8393: 8348: 8217: 7870: 7855: 7509: 7086: 6705: 6653: 6257: 6227: 6206: 4945: 2658: 2405: 845: 569: 526: 502: 272:'s call in 2006 for a ban on the import, export and sale of all harp and hooded seal products. 6450: 5041: 3792: 2995: 1904:

According to a 2002 peer-reviewed study done by five Canadian veterinarians and funded by the

1819:

demand for seal oil. From 1995 to 2005, Rieber annually received between 2 and 3 million

375: 9519: 9245: 9066: 9026: 8938: 8898: 8819: 8813: 8626: 7910: 7810: 7775: 7361: 7260: 7169: 7008: 6898: 6863: 6366: 6174: 6120: 6059: 5515: 3840: 3569: 3461: 2341: 2293: 2253: 2189: 1021: 658: 463: 7895: 5814: 5650:"The Truth about the Canadian Seal Hunt: A Response to the Canadian Department of Fisheries" 5392: 4194: 2705: 9269: 9074: 9002: 8753: 8696: 8566: 8418: 8403: 8277: 8177: 8132: 7985: 7207: 7048: 6816: 6796: 5772: 5293: 5065: 5024: 4923: 3823: 2318:, describes seal hunting from the seals' point of view, with the central character being a 2129: 2006:, object to the use of real fur when many synthetic "faux fur" alternatives are available. 1078: 474: 391: 342: 199: 8137: 2834: 234:

People in Canada have been hunting seals for at least 4,000 years. Traditionally, when an

8: 9363: 9310: 8727: 8338: 7950: 7945: 7825: 7800: 7519: 7376: 7265: 7159: 7154: 4741: 4331: 2439: 2357: 2229: 1945: 1346: 1219: 642: 269: 45: 5441:"Sealing in the southeast part of the Barents Sea and at Jan Mayen in the Greenland Sea" 4972: 4157: 3085: 2868: 2462: 1174: 9559: 9549: 9324: 9261: 9082: 8914: 8906: 8783: 8759: 8671: 8297: 7704: 7197: 7149: 7139: 6950: 6858: 6497: 6465: 5891: 5537: 5443:. The Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. 24 June 2009. Archived from 3456: 2973: 2915: 2907: 2778: 2395: 926: 562: 9377: 6036: 3941: 3389: 1803:

and not by coastal seal hunters. All coastal seal hunters must be pre-approved by the

914:

severely curtailed the sealing industry. Signed on 7 July 1911, by the United States,

808:

aircraft were used to find where the herds of seals had gathered on ice sheets. After

9447: 9221: 9181: 9133: 9125: 9010: 8777: 8676: 8651: 8616: 8373: 8363: 8272: 8212: 8127: 7714: 7579: 7554: 7544: 7524: 7250: 7134: 7043: 6878: 6507: 6405: 6065: 4401: 4292: 3946: 3368: 3327: 3235: 3128: 3061: 3037: 2933:

Ukkonen, Pirkko (October 2002). "The early history of seals in the northern Baltic".

2919: 2355:

Seal clubbers are a class that player characters can choose in the browser-based RPG

1029: 890: 753: 577: 3617: 878:. The United States claimed exclusive jurisdiction over the sealing industry in the 717: 315: 125:

advocates. In 2009, Russia banned the hunting of harp seals less than one year old.

32: 9391: 9117: 8666: 8333: 8237: 8197: 8187: 8117: 7980: 7920: 7875: 7840: 7699: 7639: 7413: 7371: 7331: 7301: 7291: 7286: 7225: 7028: 6791: 6760: 6400: 6380: 6201: 6167: 5211: 3936: 3629: 3274: 2899: 2803: 2721: 2717: 2390: 2280: 2197: 2169: 1037: 857: 853: 601: 581: 506: 424:

and commanded by Captain James Shields, departed London. The ship went west around

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Animal Rights, Human Rights: Ecology, Economy, and Ideology in the Canadian Arctic

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E.O.S. Scholefield and F.W. Howay, S.J. Clarke Publ. Co, Vancouver, 1914, p. 461.

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reported celebrities have aided anti-hunt activists since the mid-20th century;

608:. This whole development has been called the first sealing boom; it sparked the 549:

stationed a party at Dusky from 1792 to 1793, but the discovery in 1798-1799 of

9149: 8946: 8546: 8448: 8378: 8368: 8292: 8222: 8207: 8147: 8072: 8047: 7995: 7940: 7900: 7805: 7795: 7770: 7684: 7614: 7539: 7479: 7351: 7281: 7126: 7101: 7058: 7033: 7023: 6998: 6958: 6913: 6821: 6610: 6440: 6430: 6385: 5185: 4819: 2704:

Brunborg, Linn Anne; Julshamn, Kare; Nortvedt, Ragnar; Frøyland, Livar (2006).

2257: 2241: 2217: 2201: 2181: 1869:

Plans for the 2008 season included both helicopter-based hunts, mainly to take

1845: 1366: 1155: 1041: 573: 433: 379: 255: 118: 5390: 5377: 5087: 2777:

Wenzel, George. The Harp-seal Controversy and the Inuit Economy. Spring 1978,

1722: 1714: 101:

been in use in Greenland. It is illegal in Canada to hunt newborn harp seals (

9513: 9423: 8541: 8408: 8383: 8318: 8287: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8227: 8107: 8082: 8052: 7955: 7925: 7780: 7734: 7729: 7694: 7689: 7644: 7629: 7609: 7584: 7549: 7529: 7494: 7397: 7230: 6973: 6933: 6831: 6801: 6676: 6615: 6530: 6525: 6425: 6283: 6140: 2865:"Eskimo Art, Inuit Art, Canadian Native Artwork, Canadian Aboriginal Artwork" 2651: 2645: 2205: 1877: 1118: 915: 728:

began sealing operations in the 1870s and radically transformed the industry.

589: 540: 482: 429: 387: 122: 110: 80: 52: 8192: 5023:(Report). Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond (FHF). Archived from 4705: 3634: 8601: 8443: 8433: 8282: 8257: 8162: 8157: 8142: 8102: 8092: 7965: 7885: 7880: 7860: 7850: 7845: 7785: 7724: 7719: 7669: 7659: 7649: 7559: 7484: 7341: 7296: 7217: 7202: 7164: 6983: 6963: 6883: 6480: 6475: 5829: 5046: 4503: 4421: 4072:"Canadian seal hunters could remain trapped by ice for a week: coast guard" 3950: 3196: 2330: 2245: 2233: 2225: 2213: 2193: 2185: 2054: 1997: 1800: 1198:

Hunting is done with a rifle or shotgun, which by law has to be at least a

1045: 1033: 1025: 919: 837: 809: 759: 677: 585: 5233: 3997: 3684: 3595: 3152:. Canberra, Australia: Antarctic Division, Department of External Affairs. 3058:

Behold the Moon: The European Occupation of the Dunedin District 1770–1848

2706:"Nutritional composition of blubber and meat of hooded seal and harp seal" 2014:

According to Canadian authorities, the value of the 2004 seal harvest was

1795:

may only be used by certified seal-catchers (fangstmenn) operating in the

1133:

or the carcass of the seal." The commercial hunting of infant harp seals (

9165: 8611: 8438: 8428: 8413: 8353: 8182: 8087: 8057: 8032: 7970: 7960: 7749: 7634: 7619: 7604: 7569: 7564: 7534: 7504: 7499: 7311: 7245: 7116: 7091: 6988: 6893: 6888: 6415: 6390: 6015:"Press Releases & Media Attention about the Canadian Harp seal kill-" 4939: 4762:"Forskrift om regulering av fangst av sel i Vesterisen og østisen i 2004" 2400: 2366: 2325: 2249: 2149: 2144:

An important distinction between the southern Canadian seal hunt and the

2058: 1993: 1852: 1828: 1199: 1190:

Three women wearing Greenland's National Costume, which contain seal skin

805: 711: 666: 627: 623: 550: 536: 532: 522: 518: 447:

By 1784, the British had fifteen ships in the southern fishery, all from

273: 175: 106: 5208:"Sealing in the Western Ice Fields: No Russian Vessels This Year Either" 4995:"For 1996-05-06 nr 414: Forskrift om forvaltning av sel på norskekysten" 2911: 2890:

Rimantienė, Rimutė (March 1992). "The Neolithic of the Eastern Baltic".

2808: 2164: 972:: a heavy wooden club with a hammer head and metal hook on the end. The 638:. Plummers of London and the Whitneys of New York also became involved. 521:

region appears to have started with the London-based Massachusetts-born

9277: 8795: 8506: 8398: 8343: 8323: 8172: 8167: 8152: 8122: 8097: 8037: 7915: 7830: 7790: 7624: 7594: 6928: 6918: 6811: 6485: 5903: 4291:. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Archived from 2903: 2298: 2177: 2029: 1354: 1207: 1134: 898:

has also emerged, and nowadays seal watching tours are being organized.

895: 879: 833: 459: 409: 304: 102: 6086: 4840: 1876:

On 18 March 2009, Russia's Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology,

1785:, but only in the aforementioned manner, i.e., they need not be shot. 1186: 596:

by 1809, before focusing further to the south at the newly-discovered

215: 9370: 9229: 8825: 8596: 8202: 8067: 8042: 7930: 7709: 7654: 7306: 7106: 7013: 6993: 6968: 6903: 6410: 6335: 6303: 6288: 4746: 3325: 2460: 2221: 2153: 2133: 1885: 1881: 1870: 1739: 1376:

early morning hours, journalists are not allowed to enter. Namibia's

1215: 1159: 1085:

7.3 million animals, over three times what it was in the 1970s.

1074: 1061: 1013: 1001: 820: 733: 699: 681: 486: 441: 425: 243: 179: 171: 142: 134: 93: 3460: 3090:. Invercargill, NZ: Invercargill, N.Z., W. Smith, printer. pp. 2073: 1707: 531:, who in November 1791 announced his intention to visit and hunt in 432:

to become the first ship of any nation to conduct operations in the

8005: 6923: 6873: 6632: 6298: 5676:"Canada Should Follow Russia's Lead; Ban Commercial Seal Slaughter" 4724:"Strategier og tiltak for å utvikle lønnsomheten i norsk selnæring" 2319: 1796: 1731: 1203: 1098: 883: 745: 670: 641:

By 1830, most Pacific seal-stocks had been seriously depleted, and

554: 378:

that sealing became a major enterprise from the late 18th century.

167: 154: 150: 146: 76: 57: 37: 5697: 3177: 1844:

Russian parliament by 273 votes to 1, but was vetoed by President

856:, the principal breeding-grounds of the seals in those waters. By 303:

Various seal species were also hunted in northwest Europe and the

7235: 7189: 6848: 6605: 6395: 6293: 4472:. Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa (Greenlandic Broadcasting Corporation) 2125: 2062: 1884:

on the hunting of harp seals younger than one year of age in the

1856: 1778: 1342: 1138: 979: 968: 955: 489:

from the island were taken in 1786 by the English sealing vessel

395: 363: 354: 327: 285: 281: 239: 191: 187: 6645: 5848: 3231:

The Sydney Traders, Simeon Lord and his Contemporaries 1788–1821

2703: 2572:"Myths and Facts: The Truth about Canada's Commercial Seal Hunt" 996: 966:

An older and more traditional method of killing seals is with a

553:, between mainland Australia and Van Diemen's Land (present-day 440:

returned to London on 12 March 1790 with a cargo of 139 tons of

6786: 6688: 2996:

The Quarterly Review, Vol. 63, London:John Murray, 1839, p. 321

2105: 849: 737: 695: 653: 470: 448: 297: 138: 5890:

The Harp-seal Controversy and the Inuit Economy. Spring 1978,

5391:

Independent Veterinarians Working Group Report (August 2005).

3275:"The Sailing Seal Fishery: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage" 2548:. United Press International. 27 February 2011. Archived from 1961:

to a population decline that adversely affected the industry.

1699: 505:

in 1819, the sealing grounds were expanded to what is now the

8864: 7450: 4252:. Fisheries Diversification Program 248. 2002. Archived from 3876:. Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Canada. Archived from 3628:(12). European Food Safety Authority: 610. 19 December 2007. 2644:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

2145: 2121: 2045:

seal hunt is "established on sound conservation principles."

1860: 1223: 501:

elephant seals taken for oil. Following the discovery of the

277: 246:

was an important source of fat, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B

235: 219: 195: 5358: 5346:

Royal Commission on Seals and the Sealing Industry in Canada

4973:"Forskrift om utøvelse av selfangst i Vesterisen og Østisen" 3916: 3709:. World Society for the Protection of Animal. Archived from 2438:. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 17 March 2011. Archived from 2176:

Numerous celebrities have opposed the commercial seal hunt.

1917:

Royal Commission on Seals and the Sealing Industry in Canada

615:

Australasian sealing measured its output in terms of skins.

401: 8636: 5102:"Study on implementing measures for trade in seal products" 3986:

Wikinews:Newfoundland government launches seal hunt website

2152:, while the southern Canadian hunt targets the pelt of the 2041: 2024: 2003: 941:

who are allowed to hunt a small number of seals each year.

359: 183: 6159: 5769:"The customer is right: Costco restocks seal oil capsules" 5628:"Canadian Seafood Boycott Ends Year With Growing Momentum" 5393:"Improving Humane Practice in the Canadian Harp Seal Hunt" 5378:"Canada's Commercial Seal Hunt is Not "Acceptably Humane"" 4940:

the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (3 April 2009).

4225:"EU politicians push to ban Canadian seal product imports" 3919:"Animal welfare and the harp seal hunt in Atlantic Canada" 3365:

The Ice Hunters: A History of Newfoundland Sealing to 1914

3314:

The Ice Hunters: A History of Newfoundland Sealing to 1914

3199:

on 10 August 1821. In six weeks the party got 3,563 skins.

3184:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 227 2032:

site would be far more lucrative than the annual harvest.

949: 6420: 6084: 5652:. The Humane Society of the United States. Archived from 5062:"St.meld. nr. 27 (2003–2004) – Norsk sjøpattedyrpolitikk" 4862: 4844: 3257:

Merchant Campbell 1769–1846 a Study in the Colonial Trade

3060:. Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press. pp. 10–11, 13–15. 1827:

is the only company in the world that delivers skin from

1130: 481:

area as many as 40,000 seal skins and 2,800 tons of

7367:

University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

4944:. Norwegian Embassy in the United States. Archived from 3434:. Canadian Geographic Enterprises. January–February 2000 2436:"Frequently Asked Questions About Canada's Seal Harvest" 182:

paint, and for processing materials such as leather and

6136:"Cute, cuddly, edible: Defending Canada's seal hunters" 5084:"Fortuna Oils AS increases its ownership in OliVita AS" 4967: 4965: 4963: 4874: 4872: 3428:"Atlantic Canada Seal Hunt – Sealing through the years" 2089:(HSUS) called for such a boycott in the United States. 5566:. Fisheries and Aquaculture Management. Archived from 4289:

Canada's International Market Access Priorities – 2002

3594:. Canadian Legal Information Institute. Archived from 2649: 2574:. Human Society International: Canada. 4 February 2011 1969:

During this time, the harp seal population increased.

1125:". In addition to describing the use of the rifle and 8891:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

5993:"Sea Shepherd and Seal Defenders Take to the Streets" 4780:"Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs" 4103:"Canada's seal hunt to close early after low harvest" 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 1380:

is allowed to observe the culling from 2010 onwards.

1365:. These two colonies together account for 75% of the 1353:

Hunting is done from July to November on two places,

1032:, has begun to use seal pelts, while others, such as 5933:"IOL: Anderson adds her voice to chorus of protests" 5892:

http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic31-1-2.pdf

5508:"Tobin announces 1996 Atlantic Seal Management Plan" 4960: 4935: 4933: 4869: 4499:"Time for Namibia to see the tourism value of seals" 4400:(2nd ed.). Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet. 3779: 3777: 3775: 2779:

http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic31-1-2.pdf

2773: 2771: 2769: 2461:

Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (March 2010).

2148:

Canadian hunt is that Canadian Inuit typically hunt

2002:

Animal welfare advocates and organizations, such as

1978:

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

669:

fishery, the Newfoundland hunt initially used small

6051: 5698:"Protesters arrested as tempers flare in seal hunt" 5417:"Stock Assessment of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals" 5259:. The Norwegian Barents Secretariat. Archived from 4802:

Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

4766:

Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

4728:

Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

4330: 3791:. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Archived from 1747:

Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

872:, were captured by an American revenue cutter, the 454:The sealing industry extended further south to the 6154:Logbooks of the Snowdrop (Ship) and Eclipse (Ship) 5722: 5361:Canadian Commercial Seal Hunt Prince Edward Island 4050:"Heavy ice keeps dozens of vessels from seal hunt" 3756:. The Port City Post. 11 June 2009. Archived from 2498: 2463:"Current Status of Northwest Atlantic Harp Seals, 1873:, and boat-based hunts, mainly targeting beaters. 1823:in subsidy. A 2003–2004 parliamentary report says 796:to be hired for Arctic exploration and one sealer 5747:"Williams takes aim at Costco over seal-oil fuss" 4930: 4078:. Associated Press. 29 March 2009. Archived from 3772: 3268: 3266: 2766: 1073:In Canada, the season for the commercial hunt of 390:organized the first commercial expedition to the 358:lighting oil, for cooking, in the manufacture of 9511: 6746:List of international animal welfare conventions 5815:"European Union Bans Marketing of Seal Products" 5630:. UnderwaterTimes News Service. 30 December 2005 5366:(Report). International Fund for Animal Welfare. 4312:. University of British Columbia. 29 August 2008 3889: 3887: 2494:(Report). International Fund for Animal Welfare. 2322:seeking for his seals a safe haven from hunters. 584:from 1806, the southeast coast of New Zealand's 9043:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory 4782:(in Norwegian). 13 January 2005. Archived from 4276: 4274: 4172:"Improvements to Seal Hunt Management Measures" 3912: 3910: 3908: 3504:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3455: 2968: 2966: 882:; it also contended that the protection of the 752:Another famous sealing ship of the era was the 702:. The ship was custom-built for sealing out of 27:Personal or commercial hunting of marine mammal 8474: 5908:"A winning streak for international ignorance" 5835: 4619:"Seal activists ready to prevent 2010 culling" 3679: 3677: 3332:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office 3326:United States. Revenue-Cutter Service (1898). 3263: 3029:L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. Sealing period. In: 2950: 2948: 2833:. EUbusiness. 7 September 2006. Archived from 2595:"Activists Decry Growth Of Canadian Seal Hunt" 2172:criticized the seal hunt protest as emotional. 1178:Greenlandic Inuit hunters with several seals, 844:The end of the 19th century was marked by the 296:, the ringed seal is also hunted and eaten in 6661: 6351: 6175: 5678:. Humane Society International. 19 March 2009 5482:"Lack of sea ice devastates seal populations" 4414: 4395: 4192: 4132:"Despite Few Hunters, Seal Pups Face Threats" 3998:"Seal hunt might be on ice due to lack of it" 3884: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3748: 3746: 2104:encouraged people in the province to boycott 1060:In 2005, three companies exported seal skin: 178:, a constituent of soap, the liquid base for 6751:Moral status of animals in the ancient world 5838:"EU Takes Aim at Canada, Bans Seal Products" 5257:"Rieber Skinn AS has proposed to the Pomors" 4493: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4436: 4389: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4271: 3905: 3079: 3077: 2963: 2681:(1929). "The Sealing Saga of Newfoundland". 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2120:if the ban does not exempt Canada. Canadian 1807:and have to pass a large game hunting test. 8718:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society 8662:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 6689:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) 6064:. University of Toronto Press. p. 47. 5725:"5 anti-sealing activists found not guilty" 5086:. Olivita AS. 26 April 2006. Archived from 4025:"Warming Thins Herd for Canada's Seal Hunt" 3674: 3383: 3381: 3051: 3049: 2945: 2338:, bound seal-hunting for Japan" circa 1893. 991: 815: 394:in 1776, initially with the primary aim of 210: 75:, is the personal or commercial hunting of 6668: 6654: 6358: 6344: 6182: 6168: 6148:Logbooks of the "Erme" Schooner, 1912–1916 5500: 5321: 4835: 4833: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4470:"Puisip amii tunisat ikileriangaatsiarput" 4467: 4193:Ronald, K.; Lavigne, D.M. (24 July 1967). 4016: 3859: 3743: 3459:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). 3227: 2889: 2740: 2738: 2621:"harp seal (mammal): The sealing industry" 8865:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) 8802:Human Environment Animal Protection Party 5479: 5461:. Views and News from Norway. 20 May 2010 5015: 4975:(in Norwegian). Lovdata. 11 February 2003 4589:"Million-dollar bid to end seal clubbing" 4535:"Seal culling season sparks new protests" 4484: 4353: 4125: 4123: 3940: 3633: 3074: 3023: 2989: 2807: 2745:Ejesiak, Kirt; et al. (8 May 2005), 2618: 2612: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2421: 1965:an average of 165,627 seals were killed. 1951: 8923:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology 7175:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals 6037:"Jackie Evancho, Ambassador for Animals" 5248: 5234:"Harp Seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus at" 5094: 4820:"Selfangst – statsfinansiert dyrplageri" 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4616: 4586: 4560: 4532: 3835: 3833: 3378: 3162: 3147: 3055: 3046: 2831:"Euro MPs call for ban on seal products" 2677: 2163: 2159: 2072: 1721: 1713: 1698: 1185: 1173: 1007: 995: 948: 944: 889: 852:and the adjacent islands, including the 819: 716: 652: 400: 314: 214: 51: 31: 6766:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare 5580: 5564:"Canadian Seal Hunt: Myths and Reality" 5107:. European Commission. 2010. p. 45 4898:"Fact sheet on Norwegian coastal seals" 4880:"Fangst av sel i Vesterisen og Østisen" 4830: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4603: 4573: 4545: 4515: 4154:Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 3933:Canadian Veterinary Medical Association 3814: 3812: 3810: 3500:"North Pacific Fur Seal Treaty of 1911" 3494: 3492: 3387: 3210: 2954: 2932: 2744: 2735: 2348:describes the expedition of the sealer 1906:Canadian Veterinary Medical Association 1706:displayed on the wall of a gun shop in 740:. The new sealing ships represented by 14: 9512: 6843:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness 6365: 6057: 5902: 5723:The Canadian Press (17 October 2008). 5283:"Report of the Working Group on Seals" 4205:from the original on 21 September 2017 4129: 4120: 4022: 3592:"Marine Mammal Regulations, SOR/93-56" 3451: 3449: 3303:Fall 2008, Vol. 23 Issue 2, pp 139–169 3272: 3254: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2533: 2489:Canada's Commercial Sea Slaughter 2009 2035: 1048:, refrain from using any kind of fur. 687:The first modern sealing ship was the 676:Four hundred schooners carried 13,000 416:On 1 September 1788, the 270-ton ship 9059:Political Animals and Animal Politics 8863: 8647:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition 8572:Centre for Animals and Social Justice 8473: 7449: 6979:Concentrated animal feeding operation 6756:Timeline of animal welfare and rights 6711:Animal rights by country or territory 6687: 6649: 6339: 6163: 5801:"Canada to fight EU seal product ban" 5324:"Russia to Ban Hunting of Baby Seals" 5275: 5210:. High North Alliance. Archived from 4742:"Norge må starte storstilt selfangst" 4100: 3830: 3754:"Canadian Seal Hunt Attacked by PETA" 3471:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. 3396:. Memorial University of Newfoundland 3281:. Memorial University of Newfoundland 3259:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. 3083: 3036:Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 78–84. 2855: 2789: 2592: 1927:International Fund for Animal Welfare 1899: 1390:International Fund for Animal Welfare 612:(1810–1821) in southern New Zealand. 226:Archeological evidence indicates the 8790:Animalist Party with the Environment 7072:Animal testing on non-human primates 6126:"Who will defend the seal-clubbers?" 5254: 5042:"Norge betaler for kanadisk seljakt" 4671: 4310:"The Institute for European Studies" 4247:"Secondary Processing of Seal Skins" 3807: 3731:. Independent Online. 2 October 2007 3695: 3489: 3316:(St. John's: Breakwater Books, 1994) 3122: 2783: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2274:Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador 1987: 935:Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 698:, Scotland in 1874 as a steamer for 346:migrating seals in nets anchored to 9214:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home 7419:World Day for the End of Speciesism 5704:from the original on 12 August 2007 5538:"McCartney calls for seal cull ban" 5480:MacKenzie, Debora (28 March 2007). 5334:from the original on 11 April 2013. 5322:Sulzberger, A. G. (18 March 2009). 5182:"SCS: Caspian Seal (Phoca caspica)" 5154: 4617:Weidlich, Brigitte (10 June 2010). 4587:Weidlich, Brigitte (30 June 2009). 4561:Weidlich, Brigitte (28 June 2007). 3895:"Canadian Seal Harvest at a Glance" 3703:"Companies That Sell Seal Products" 3446: 2856:Vlessides, Mike. "Marine Mammals". 2666: 2546:"Greenland bans Canadian sealskins" 2087:Humane Society of the United States 310: 24: 9339:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 8682:United Activists for Animal Rights 8592:Doctors Against Animal Experiments 6726:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies 6325:2008 Canadian commercial seal hunt 5878:"2010 Olympics & Seal Hunting" 5840:. Associated Press. Archived from 5514:. 18 December 1995. Archived from 3691:(in Norwegian). 12 September 2007. 3394:Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage 3301:Newfoundland and Labrador Studies, 2593:Brown, DeNeen L. (18 April 2004). 2009: 1805:Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries 1121:regulations in 1993, to form the " 88:Department of Fisheries and Oceans 25: 9571: 8883:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 8843:Animal Rights National Conference 8766:Animal Protection Party of Canada 8723:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society 8577:Chinese Animal Protection Network 8502:American Anti-Vivisection Society 7976:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann 6731:Animal rights in Indian religions 6721:Animal rights and punk subculture 6675: 6108: 5856:"EU ban looms over seal products" 4563:"Seal quota down for this season" 4424:. Greenland Today. 19 August 2013 3965:"Seal hunt haul 1,000 over quota" 3725:"(Fur)shion show without clothes" 3518:"Joe, What You Say Just Ain't So" 2867:. ABoriginArt Inc. Archived from 2631: 2364:The "topi" enemy in the NES game 2334:takes place aboard "the schooner 2099:Newfoundland and Labrador Premier 2048: 1891: 1055: 986: 912:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention 648: 600:(discovered in January 1810) and 369: 9490: 9489: 9051:Animal Rights Without Liberation 8702:Voice for Animals Humane Society 7429:World Day for the End of Fishing 7424:World Day for Laboratory Animals 6854:Equal consideration of interests 6449: 6115:"Canada seal cull gets underway" 6078: 6029: 6007: 5985: 5955: 5925: 5896: 5884: 5870: 5807: 5793: 5779: 5761: 5739: 5716: 5690: 5668: 5642: 5620: 5593: 5574: 5556: 5530: 5473: 5451: 5433: 5409: 5384: 5370: 5352: 5338: 5315: 5226: 5200: 5174: 5148: 5119: 5076: 5054: 5034: 5009: 4987: 4912: 4890: 4851: 3660:"Seal pelts fetch record prices" 3550:from the original on 2 June 2024 3354:, Barre Publishers, (1965) p. 48 3234:. Melbourne: Cassell Australia. 2683:The National Geographic Magazine 2656:. In Rines, George Edwin (ed.). 2486: 1756: 8772:Animal Justice Party of Finland 8657:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics 7866:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause 7454:(academics, writers, activists) 7347:Monkey selfie copyright dispute 6085:National Film Board of Canada. 5488:. Reed Business Information Ltd 5155:Koe, Tingmin (5 October 2020). 4900:. Fiskeri- og kystdepartementet 4841:"Fryktar selinvasjon på kysten" 4812: 4804:. 13 March 2006. Archived from 4790: 4772: 4754: 4734: 4716: 4653: 4629: 4461: 4324: 4302: 4239: 4217: 4186: 4164: 4142: 4101:Comte, Michel (15 April 2010). 4094: 4064: 4042: 3990: 3979: 3957: 3717: 3652: 3610: 3584: 3562: 3536: 3510: 3475: 3420: 3408: 3357: 3344: 3319: 3306: 3293: 3248: 3221: 3217:. New York: Collins and Hannay. 3204: 3171: 3156: 3148:Cumpston, John Stanley (1968). 3141: 3116: 3107: 3098: 3010: 3001: 2980: 2926: 2883: 2849: 2823: 2697: 2650:George Archibald Clark (1920). 2139: 1749:stated up to 13.5 million 665:Growing from the international 333: 60:in the 1880s by members of the 8995:Animals, Property, and the Law 7067:Alternatives to animal testing 6736:Christianity and animal rights 5969:. 4 March 2006. Archived from 5880:. GreenMuze. 20 February 2009. 5050:(in Norwegian). 30 March 2005. 4882:(in Norwegian). Archived from 4826:(in Norwegian). 16 April 2007. 4750:(in Norwegian). 17 April 2004. 4533:Robberts, Elma (5 June 2006). 4507:. 17 June 2010. Archived from 4368:"Faktablad – Grønland – Sæler" 3544:"Marine Mammal Protection Act" 3520:. Sea Shepherd. Archived from 3468:New International Encyclopedia 2957:"History of World Fur Sealing" 2751:, Boston Globe, archived from 2748:Animal rights vs. Inuit rights 2722:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.005 2586: 2564: 2480: 2476:. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2454: 1112: 280:windows, and in harnesses for 128: 13: 1: 8632:Korea Animal Rights Advocates 7337:Cambridge University primates 6869:Ethics of uncertain sentience 6091:National Film Board of Canada 5963:"McCartneys won't be charged" 5836:Constant Brand (5 May 2009). 4023:Struck, Doug (4 April 2007). 3874:"Seals and Sealing in Canada" 3367:(1994) Breakwater Books Ltd. 2414: 2268:, where the two debated with 2114:Council of the European Union 1726:The Norwegian sealing vessel 1179: 294:Central Alaskan Yup'ik people 238:boy killed his first seal or 8692:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics 6837:Argument from marginal cases 6156:at Dartmouth College Library 6150:at Dartmouth College Library 5459:"Seal hunt may be dying out" 4282:"Opening Doors to the World" 4227:. CBC News. 6 September 2006 4130:Austen, Ian (1 April 2010). 4076:International Herald Tribune 3685:"Kjøligere for Rieber Skinn" 3432:Canadian Geographic Magazine 3279:Society, Economy and Culture 3167:. Canberra: Roebuck Society. 2083:Humane Society International 1169: 929:and treaties, including the 643:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 7: 9540:Environmental controversies 8979:Morals, Reason, and Animals 8607:Farm Animal Rights Movement 8557:Anonymous for the Voiceless 7241:International primate trade 6716:Anarchism and animal rights 6189: 5995:. World-Wire. 13 March 2006 5512:Fisheries and Oceans Canada 5068:. 2003–2004. Archived from 5018:Utviklingsplan for selspekk 5016:Norwegian (February 2004). 4468:Elkjær, K. (15 June 2018). 4176:Fisheries and Oceans Canada 3924:Canadian Veterinary Journal 3572:. Seals and Sealing Network 3390:"The 1914 Sealing Disaster" 2892:Journal of World Prehistory 2691:National Geographic Society 2384: 2068: 1813: 1718:Seal hunting on ice in 1904 1369:population of the country. 1345:is the only country in the 262:Animal Rights, Human Rights 145:(the eared seals; includes 10: 9576: 9099:Making a Stand for Animals 8971:The Case for Animal Rights 8622:Hunt Saboteurs Association 8582:Cruelty Free International 8552:Anti-Vivisection Coalition 7077:Animal testing regulations 6571:Monkeys in Chinese culture 6058:Wenzel, George W. (1991). 5817:. Environment News Service 5771:. CBC News. Archived from 4637:"Cape Cross National Park" 4398:Greenland & the Arctic 3847:(in Norwegian). 2 May 2005 3570:"Animal Welfare in Canada" 3165:Kangaroo Island, 1800–1836 3125:Campbell Island: a history 2374:The television miniseries 2279:In 1978, marine ecologist 1991: 1233: 1229: 1094:federal fisheries ministry 804:bodies in 1912. Following 517:Commercial sealing in the 512: 458:, first mapped by Captain 307:at least 8,000 years ago. 205: 137:, which also includes the 9485: 9458: 9405: 9355: 9295: 9288: 9254:The Ghosts in Our Machine 9109: 9091:Animal Ethics in the Wild 8874: 8870: 8859: 8835: 8746: 8710: 8527:Animal Legal Defense Fund 8494: 8487: 8483: 8469: 8306: 8025: 8018: 7821:William Hamilton Drummond 7763: 7472: 7463: 7459: 7445: 7406: 7385: 7324: 7274: 7216: 7188: 7180:Welfare of farmed insects 7125: 7057: 6949: 6942: 6807:Animal–industrial complex 6774: 6698: 6694: 6683: 6458: 6447: 6373: 6312: 6276: 6215: 6197: 5803:. CBC News. 27 July 2009. 5749:. CBC News. 31 March 2006 5700:. Cbc.ca. 27 March 2006. 5161:nutraingredients-asia.com 4859:"Tre av fire blir hjemme" 4396:O'Carroll, Etain (2005). 4377:(Government of Greenland) 4199:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4107:The Sydney Morning Herald 4052:. CBC News. 13 April 2007 3662:. CBC News. 19 April 2006 3255:Steven, Margaret (1965). 3228:Hainsworth, D.R. (1971). 3007:Stackpole (1972), p. 282. 2935:Annales Zoologici Fennici 2653:"Seals and Sealing" 2619:Lariviere, Serge (2008). 2521:(Government of Greenland) 1838: 1398: 1334:85,000 pups, 7,000 bulls 1324:85,000 pups, 7,000 bulls 1313:80,000 pups, 6,000 bulls 1303:80,000 pups, 6,000 bulls 1293:60,000 pups, 7,000 bulls 1144: 1123:Marine Mammal Regulations 1068: 422:Samuel Enderby & Sons 339:Newfoundland and Labrador 9332:Journal of Animal Ethics 9198:Your Mommy Kills Animals 8587:Direct Action Everywhere 7991:Johann Heinrich Winckler 7936:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers 7393:Direct Action Everywhere 7097:Huntingdon Life Sciences 7082:Labcorp Drug Development 7039:Feedback (pork industry) 7004:Intensive animal farming 6741:History of animal rights 3967:. CBC News. 3 April 2006 3841:"Sel skinn selger igjen" 3211:Fanning, Edmund (1833). 3127:. Wellington, NZ: Reed. 3056:Entwisle, Peter (1998). 2465:Pagophilus groenlandicus 2287: 2118:World Trade Organization 1851:On 21 September 2007 in 992:Products made from seals 816:Environmental protection 710:was rigged as a sailing 704:St. John's, Newfoundland 362:and for the treating of 242:, a feast was held. The 211:Traditional seal hunting 198:were an early source of 9467:Holocaust on your Plate 9238:An Apology to Elephants 9019:Do Animals Have Rights? 8955:Animals, Men and Morals 8931:Better-World Philosophy 8808:Italian Animalist Party 8687:United Poultry Concerns 8642:Last Chance for Animals 8537:Animal Liberation Front 8424:Maud Ingersoll Probasco 6909:Replaceability argument 6827:Animal-free agriculture 6436:Animal-assisted therapy 5617:20 (2) (2011): 192–209. 3635:10.2903/j.efsa.2007.610 3388:Higgins, Jenny (2007). 3214:Voyages Round the World 3163:Cumpston, J.S. (1970). 3032:The World of Antarctica 2955:Roberts, Glynn (1999). 2625:Encyclopædia Britannica 2474:Science Advisory Report 1880:, announced a complete 1236:Seal hunting in Namibia 160: 64:expedition to Greenland 9440:Salvation of Innocents 8987:Zoos and Animal Rights 8562:Beauty Without Cruelty 8522:Animal Justice Project 7856:John Zephaniah Holwell 7510:Stephen St. C. Bostock 7087:Great ape research ban 6706:Animal rights movement 6019:Seal Hunt in the Media 5615:Environmental Politics 5609:April 4, 2015, at the 5602:and Kate J. Neville, " 4710:Statistisk Sentralbyrå 3820:"5 Forslag til tiltak" 3084:McNab, Robert (1907). 2986:Jackson (1978), p. 92. 2659:Encyclopedia Americana 2173: 2124:from the territory of 2078: 1957:to 7.2 million). 1952:Ecological feasibility 1735: 1719: 1711: 1191: 1183: 1016: 1005: 959: 899: 846:Bering Sea Controversy 841: 729: 662: 570:Stewart Island/Rakiura 503:South Shetland Islands 413: 323: 223: 65: 49: 9459:Fairs and exhibitions 9346:The Animals' Defender 9318:Cahiers antispécistes 9246:Speciesism: The Movie 9067:Animal (De)liberation 9027:Striking at the Roots 8939:The Universal Kinship 8899:The Rights of Animals 8820:People Animals Nature 8814:Party for the Animals 8627:In Defense of Animals 8389:Nina Douglas-Hamilton 7776:David Renaud Boullier 7362:Silver Spring monkeys 7261:Wild animal suffering 7170:Pain in invertebrates 7009:Intensive pig farming 6899:Opposition to hunting 6864:Ethics of eating meat 5447:on 30 September 2006. 4649:on 27 September 2011. 3713:on 28 September 2007. 3273:Hiller, J.K. (2001). 3123:Kerr, Ian S. (1976). 2380:depicts seal hunting. 2342:Robert Cushman Murphy 2294:Alethea Arnaquq-Baril 2254:Red Hot Chili Peppers 2190:Richard Dean Anderson 2167: 2160:Celebrity involvement 2097:of a counterprotest, 2076: 1725: 1717: 1702: 1361:, and in the past at 1189: 1177: 1022:Paul Christian Rieber 1011: 999: 952: 945:Equipment and methods 893: 823: 800:was hired to recover 720: 656: 404: 318: 218: 55: 35: 9075:Sentientist Politics 9003:The Lives of Animals 8754:Animal Justice Party 8567:Born Free Foundation 8404:Lizzy Lind af Hageby 8278:Wendy Turner-Webster 7986:Adam Gottlieb Weigen 7208:Recreational fishing 7049:Ventilation shutdown 6817:Animal protectionism 6797:Animal consciousness 5570:on 23 February 2009. 5294:Government of Norway 5066:Government of Norway 4924:Government of Norway 4920:"Selfangsten i 2007" 4444:"The EU seal regime" 4298:on 14 November 2006. 4082:on 10 September 2007 3824:Government of Norway 2790:Riewe, Rick (1992). 2517:. Erhvervsportalen, 2130:2010 Winter Olympics 1079:Gulf of St. Lawrence 931:Fur Seal Act of 1966 456:South Georgia island 406:South Georgia island 392:South Atlantic Ocean 343:Gulf of St. Lawrence 9499:( 139 ) 9325:Etica & Animali 9311:Between the Species 9035:An American Trilogy 8728:Humanitarian League 8339:Frances Power Cobbe 7951:Arthur Schopenhauer 7946:Henry Stephens Salt 7826:Edward Payson Evans 7520:Stephen R. L. Clark 7377:War of the currents 7266:Wildlife management 7160:Pain in crustaceans 7155:Pain in cephalopods 6130:The Daily Telegraph 5844:on 21 January 2011. 5255:Istomina, Ludmila. 5072:on 11 October 2012. 4942:"Norwegian Sealing" 4926:. 27 February 2007. 4886:on 18 January 2012. 4334:(9 November 2009). 4332:European Parliament 4029:The Washington Post 3760:on 26 November 2020 3707:Save Canadian Seals 3352:Last Sail Down East 2976:. The Seal Fishery. 2809:10.14430/arctic1859 2679:Bartlett, Robert A. 2599:The Washington Post 2358:Kingdom of Loathing 2344:'s book of letters 2230:Robert Kennedy, Jr. 2132:which were held in 2036:As a culling method 1946:World Wildlife Fund 1347:Southern Hemisphere 348:shore installations 270:European Commission 190:was fashioned into 9555:Marine occupations 9535:Cruelty to animals 9262:Unlocking the Cage 9083:Wild Animal Ethics 8907:The Ethics of Diet 8784:Animalist Movement 8760:Animal Politics EU 8672:Sentience Politics 8298:That Vegan Teacher 7911:Siobhan O'Sullivan 7896:José Ferrater Mora 7705:Steve F. Sapontzis 7198:Commercial fishing 7150:Pain in amphibians 7140:Cruelty to animals 7112:Operation Backfire 6951:Animal agriculture 6859:Emotion in animals 6367:Mammals in culture 5943:on 31 October 2007 5937:Independent Online 5906:(21 August 2010). 5328:The New York Times 4136:The New York Times 3901:on 2 October 2013. 3795:on 11 October 2008 3546:. NOAA Fisheries. 3350:Tod, Giles, M.S., 3113:Entwisle pp. 13–16 3104:Entwisle pp. 13–15 2904:10.1007/BF00997586 2755:on 4 November 2012 2396:Friends of Animals 2174: 2079: 1900:Cruelty to animals 1736: 1720: 1712: 1192: 1184: 1017: 1012:Meat from a young 1006: 960: 927:international laws 900: 842: 730: 663: 563:Cape Barren Island 414: 384:Alexander Champion 324: 224: 66: 50: 9507: 9506: 9500: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9476: 9448:Onward to Freedom 9416:Animal Liberation 9401: 9400: 9222:Forks Over Knives 9174:Peaceable Kingdom 9134:Shores of Silence 9126:A Cow at My Table 9011:Eternal Treblinka 8963:Animal Liberation 8855: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8742: 8741: 8677:Uncaged Campaigns 8652:Mercy for Animals 8617:Great Ape Project 8532:Animal Liberation 8478:(groups, parties) 8465: 8464: 8461: 8460: 8457: 8456: 8364:Elizabeth Farians 8273:Christine Townend 8213:Heather Nicholson 8138:Brigitte Gothière 8128:Antoine Goetschel 8014: 8013: 7675:Charles Patterson 7580:Gary L. Francione 7555:Josephine Donovan 7545:Daniel Dombrowski 7525:Alasdair Cochrane 7441: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7320: 7319: 7251:Predation problem 7135:Animal euthanasia 7044:Foam depopulation 6879:Insects in ethics 6643: 6642: 6406:Laboratory animal 6333: 6332: 6128:, Boris Johnson, 6025:on 16 April 2008. 5858:. BBC. 5 May 2009 5775:on 10 April 2006. 5090:on 16 April 2008. 5030:on 11 April 2008. 4808:on 17 April 2008. 4511:on 17 March 2012. 4259:on 1 October 2011 4160:on 27 March 2009. 3785:"Seal Hunt Facts" 3042:979-8-88676-403-1 2974:"Sealing History" 2346:Logbook for Grace 2168:Marine ecologist 1988:Objections to fur 1697: 1696: 1340: 1339: 1030:Donatella Versace 830:Saint Paul Island 580:, 1805–1807, the 578:Antipodes Islands 16:(Redirected from 9567: 9498: 9493: 9492: 9304:Animal Sentience 9293: 9292: 9158:Legally Blonde 2 9118:The Animals Film 8872: 8871: 8861: 8860: 8667:Rise for Animals 8492: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8471: 8470: 8334:Edith Carrington 8238:Craig Rosebraugh 8198:Virginia McKenna 8188:Jo-Anne McArthur 8118:Juliet Gellatley 8023: 8022: 7981:Mary Anne Warren 7921:Humphrey Primatt 7906:Edward Nicholson 7876:Charles R. Magel 7841:Thomas G. Gentry 7700:Richard D. Ryder 7640:Thomas Lepeltier 7470: 7469: 7461: 7460: 7447: 7446: 7414:World Animal Day 7372:Unnecessary Fuss 7332:Brown Dog affair 7302:Animals in sport 7292:Animal slaughter 7287:Animal sacrifice 7226:Culling wildlife 7029:Wildlife farming 6947: 6946: 6792:Animal cognition 6761:Total liberation 6696: 6695: 6685: 6684: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6647: 6646: 6453: 6401:Animals in sport 6381:Animal husbandry 6360: 6353: 6346: 6337: 6336: 6184: 6177: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6039:. 2 October 2014 6033: 6027: 6026: 6021:. Archived from 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5973:on 24 March 2007 5959: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5939:. Archived from 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5863: 5852: 5846: 5845: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5797: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5656:on 19 April 2010 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5624: 5618: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5518:on 17 April 2008 5504: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5421: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5397: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5303:on 11 April 2008 5302: 5296:. Archived from 5287: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5184:. Archived from 5178: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5131: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5064:(in Norwegian). 5058: 5052: 5051: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5022: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4969: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4948:on 19 March 2008 4937: 4928: 4927: 4922:(in Norwegian). 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4865:. 10 March 2009. 4861:(in Norwegian). 4855: 4849: 4848: 4843:(in Norwegian). 4837: 4828: 4827: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4800:(in Norwegian). 4794: 4788: 4787: 4786:on 31 July 2012. 4776: 4770: 4769: 4768:. 19 March 2004. 4764:(in Norwegian). 4758: 4752: 4751: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4726:(in Norwegian). 4720: 4714: 4713: 4708:(in Norwegian). 4702: 4669: 4668: 4665:The Seals of Nam 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4642:. Archived from 4641: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4614: 4601: 4600: 4595:. Archived from 4584: 4571: 4570: 4558: 4543: 4542: 4530: 4513: 4512: 4495: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4449:. European Union 4448: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4372: 4364: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4286: 4278: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4182:on 19 June 2008. 4178:. Archived from 4168: 4162: 4161: 4156:. Archived from 4146: 4140: 4139: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3944: 3914: 3903: 3902: 3897:. Archived from 3891: 3882: 3881: 3880:on 20 June 2008. 3870: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3837: 3828: 3827: 3822:(in Norwegian). 3816: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3781: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3681: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3656: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3637: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3496: 3487: 3479: 3473: 3472: 3464: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3385: 3376: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3323: 3317: 3310: 3304: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3150:Macquarie Island 3145: 3139: 3138: 3120: 3114: 3111: 3105: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3053: 3044: 3027: 3021: 3018:Mitchell Library 3014: 3008: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2952: 2943: 2942: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2858:Nunavut Handbook 2853: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2837:on 16 April 2008 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2811: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2742: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2675: 2664: 2663: 2655: 2642: 2629: 2628: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2542: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2511: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2471: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2432: 2391:Bladder Festival 2281:Jacques Cousteau 2198:Juliette Binoche 2170:Jacques Cousteau 1403: 1402: 1240: 1239: 1220:consumed locally 1181: 1038:Stella McCartney 1004:made of seal fur 858:Acts of Congress 854:Pribilof Islands 657:Seal hunting in 602:Macquarie Island 582:Auckland Islands 525:, master of the 507:Antarctic Treaty 319:Seal hunting in 311:Early modern era 228:Native Americans 46:Alaska Territory 21: 9575: 9574: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9545:Hunting by game 9510: 9509: 9508: 9503: 9473: 9454: 9397: 9378:Muutoksen kevät 9351: 9284: 9190:Behind the Mask 9105: 8915:Animals' Rights 8866: 8847: 8831: 8738: 8706: 8479: 8453: 8314:Cleveland Amory 8302: 8268:Darren Thurston 8263:Marianne Thieme 8113:Bruce Friedrich 8078:Joey Carbstrong 8063:Brigitte Bardot 8010: 8001:Jon Wynne-Tyson 7891:J. Howard Moore 7836:John Galsworthy 7816:Wilhelm Dietler 7759: 7755:Corey Lee Wrenn 7665:Martha Nussbaum 7575:Lawrence Finsen 7515:Paola Cavalieri 7490:Kristin Andrews 7465: 7455: 7433: 7402: 7381: 7316: 7270: 7212: 7184: 7145:Pain in animals 7121: 7053: 7019:Poultry farming 6938: 6770: 6690: 6679: 6674: 6644: 6639: 6454: 6445: 6369: 6364: 6334: 6329: 6308: 6272: 6211: 6193: 6188: 6111: 6106: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6013: 6012: 6008: 5998: 5996: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5901: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5876: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5834: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5780: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5696: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5626: 5625: 5621: 5611:Wayback Machine 5600:Peter Dauvergne 5598: 5594: 5579: 5575: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5519: 5506: 5505: 5501: 5491: 5489: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5389: 5385: 5380:. January 2005. 5376: 5375: 5371: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5348:(Report). 1986. 5344: 5343: 5339: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5263:on 19 July 2011 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5214:on 21 July 2011 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5165: 5163: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5020: 5014: 5010: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4971: 4970: 4961: 4951: 4949: 4938: 4931: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4847:. 6 March 2008. 4839: 4838: 4831: 4818: 4817: 4813: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4706:"374 Selfangst" 4704: 4703: 4672: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4615: 4604: 4599:on 7 June 2011. 4585: 4574: 4559: 4546: 4531: 4516: 4497: 4496: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4422:"Nationaldragt" 4420: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4394: 4390: 4380: 4378: 4375:Naalakkersuisut 4370: 4366: 4365: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4187: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4150:"Seal Industry" 4148: 4147: 4143: 4128: 4121: 4111: 4109: 4099: 4095: 4085: 4083: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 4004:. 27 March 2007 3996: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3980: 3970: 3968: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3915: 3906: 3893: 3892: 3885: 3872: 3871: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3818: 3817: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3783: 3782: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3752: 3751: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3689:Bergens Tidende 3683: 3682: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3640: 3638: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3524:on 14 June 2006 3516: 3515: 3511: 3498: 3497: 3490: 3480: 3476: 3462:"Sealing" 3454: 3447: 3437: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3415:Lloyds Register 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3386: 3379: 3363:Ryan, Shannon, 3362: 3358: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3324: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3271: 3264: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3226: 3222: 3209: 3205: 3187: 3185: 3176: 3172: 3161: 3157: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3054: 3047: 3028: 3024: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2972: 2971: 2964: 2953: 2946: 2931: 2927: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2850: 2840: 2838: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2767: 2758: 2756: 2743: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2702: 2698: 2676: 2667: 2643: 2632: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2555: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2519:Naalakkersuisut 2513: 2512: 2499: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2469: 2459: 2455: 2445: 2443: 2434: 2433: 2422: 2417: 2387: 2377:The North Water 2315:The Jungle Book 2306:Rudyard Kipling 2296:'s documentary 2290: 2266:Larry King Live 2238:Brigitte Bardot 2210:Pamela Anderson 2162: 2142: 2071: 2051: 2038: 2012: 2010:Economic impact 2000: 1992:Main articles: 1990: 1954: 1912:another seal." 1902: 1894: 1841: 1825:CG Rieber Skinn 1821:Norwegian krone 1816: 1759: 1751:Norwegian krone 1401: 1238: 1232: 1172: 1152:GC Rieber Skinn 1147: 1115: 1071: 1058: 994: 989: 947: 818: 736:or old sailing 651: 636:Robert Campbell 632:James Underwood 620:New South Wales 606:Kangaroo Island 598:Campbell Island 594:Solander Island 528:William and Ann 515: 491:Lord Hawkesbury 479:Magellan Strait 372: 336: 313: 249: 213: 208: 163: 131: 42:St. Paul Island 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9573: 9563: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9525:Animal culling 9522: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9462: 9460: 9456: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9444: 9436: 9428: 9420: 9411: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9399: 9398: 9396: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9374: 9367: 9359: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9350: 9349: 9342: 9335: 9328: 9321: 9314: 9307: 9299: 9297: 9290: 9286: 9285: 9283: 9282: 9274: 9266: 9258: 9250: 9242: 9234: 9226: 9218: 9210: 9202: 9194: 9186: 9178: 9170: 9162: 9154: 9150:Meet Your Meat 9146: 9138: 9130: 9122: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9103: 9095: 9087: 9079: 9071: 9063: 9055: 9047: 9039: 9031: 9023: 9015: 9007: 8999: 8991: 8983: 8975: 8967: 8959: 8951: 8947:The New Ethics 8943: 8935: 8927: 8919: 8911: 8903: 8895: 8887: 8878: 8876: 8868: 8867: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8845: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8778:Animals' Party 8775: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8725: 8720: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8547:AnimaNaturalis 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8517:Animal Justice 8514: 8509: 8504: 8498: 8496: 8489: 8481: 8480: 8467: 8466: 8463: 8462: 8459: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8449:Gretchen Wyler 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8379:Lewis Gompertz 8376: 8371: 8369:Emarel Freshel 8366: 8361: 8359:Muriel Dowding 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8310: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8300: 8295: 8293:Gary Yourofsky 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8208:Ingrid Newkirk 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8148:Charlotte Laws 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8073:Yves Bonnardel 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8048:Martin Balluch 8045: 8040: 8035: 8029: 8027: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7996:Steven M. Wise 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7941:Bernard Rollin 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7901:Leonard Nelson 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7806:Herman Daggett 7803: 7798: 7796:Priscilla Cohn 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7771:Jeremy Bentham 7767: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7685:Jessica Pierce 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7615:Kyle Johannsen 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7540:David DeGrazia 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7480:Carol J. Adams 7476: 7474: 7467: 7457: 7456: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7352:Pit of despair 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7282:Abandoned pets 7278: 7276: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7222: 7220: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7194: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7131: 7129: 7127:Animal welfare 7123: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7102:Model organism 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7061: 7059:Animal testing 7055: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7034:Working animal 7031: 7026: 7024:Slaughterhouse 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6999:Insect farming 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6959:Animal product 6955: 6953: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6914:Sentiocentrism 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6822:Animal welfare 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6702: 6700: 6692: 6691: 6681: 6680: 6673: 6672: 6665: 6658: 6650: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6611:Whale watching 6608: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6588:Spotted hyenas 6585: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6468: 6462: 6460: 6456: 6455: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6441:Working animal 6438: 6433: 6431:Service animal 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6363: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6316: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6187: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6151: 6145: 6133: 6123: 6118: 6110: 6109:External links 6107: 6104: 6103: 6077: 6070: 6050: 6028: 6006: 5984: 5954: 5924: 5895: 5883: 5869: 5847: 5828: 5806: 5792: 5778: 5760: 5738: 5715: 5689: 5667: 5641: 5619: 5592: 5573: 5555: 5544:. 3 March 2006 5529: 5499: 5472: 5450: 5432: 5408: 5383: 5369: 5351: 5337: 5314: 5274: 5247: 5225: 5199: 5173: 5147: 5134:fortunaoils.no 5127:"Fortuna Oils" 5118: 5093: 5075: 5053: 5033: 5008: 4986: 4959: 4929: 4911: 4889: 4868: 4850: 4829: 4811: 4789: 4771: 4753: 4733: 4715: 4670: 4652: 4628: 4602: 4572: 4544: 4514: 4483: 4460: 4435: 4413: 4407:978-1740590952 4406: 4388: 4352: 4323: 4301: 4270: 4238: 4216: 4185: 4163: 4141: 4119: 4093: 4063: 4041: 4015: 3989: 3978: 3956: 3904: 3883: 3858: 3829: 3806: 3771: 3742: 3716: 3694: 3673: 3651: 3609: 3598:on 6 July 2008 3583: 3561: 3535: 3509: 3488: 3474: 3445: 3419: 3407: 3377: 3356: 3343: 3318: 3312:Shannon Ryan, 3305: 3292: 3262: 3247: 3241:978-0304939008 3240: 3220: 3203: 3170: 3155: 3140: 3134:978-0589009595 3133: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3073: 3067:978-0473055912 3066: 3045: 3022: 3009: 3000: 2988: 2979: 2962: 2944: 2925: 2882: 2871:on 30 May 2013 2848: 2822: 2782: 2765: 2734: 2716:(4): 524–531. 2710:Food Chemistry 2696: 2665: 2630: 2611: 2585: 2563: 2552:on 16 May 2008 2532: 2497: 2487:Fink, Sheryl. 2479: 2453: 2442:on 6 July 2011 2419: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2411: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2372: 2362: 2353: 2339: 2323: 2310:The White Seal 2303: 2289: 2286: 2270:Danny Williams 2258:Jackie Evancho 2242:Ed Begley, Jr. 2218:Pierce Brosnan 2202:Paul McCartney 2182:Yvette Mimieux 2161: 2158: 2141: 2138: 2102:Danny Williams 2070: 2067: 2050: 2049:Public opinion 2047: 2037: 2034: 2011: 2008: 1989: 1986: 1953: 1950: 1901: 1898: 1893: 1892:Sealing debate 1890: 1846:Vladimir Putin 1840: 1837: 1815: 1812: 1758: 1755: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1400: 1397: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1234:Main article: 1231: 1228: 1171: 1168: 1156:Bergen, Norway 1146: 1143: 1119:marine mammals 1114: 1111: 1070: 1067: 1057: 1056:Sealing states 1054: 1042:Tommy Hilfiger 993: 990: 988: 987:Modern sealing 985: 946: 943: 817: 814: 774:Southern Cross 650: 649:Industrial era 647: 574:Foveaux Strait 514: 511: 434:Southern Ocean 380:Samuel Enderby 374:It was in the 371: 370:South Atlantic 368: 335: 332: 312: 309: 247: 212: 209: 207: 204: 162: 159: 130: 127: 119:animal welfare 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9572: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9530:Animal rights 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9496: 9488: 9487: 9484: 9469: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9457: 9450: 9449: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9429: 9426: 9425: 9424:Tame Yourself 9421: 9418: 9417: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9404: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9385:No Compromise 9382: 9380: 9379: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9294: 9291: 9287: 9280: 9279: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9219: 9216: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9195: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9131: 9128: 9127: 9123: 9120: 9119: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9108: 9101: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9084: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9032: 9029: 9028: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8968: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8920: 8917: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8896: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8886:(3rd century) 8885: 8884: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8862: 8858: 8844: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8818: 8816:(Netherlands) 8815: 8812: 8809: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8764: 8761: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8735: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8542:Animal Rising 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8512:Animal Ethics 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8409:Jessie Mackay 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8384:James Granger 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8319:Henry B. Amos 8317: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8288:Louise Wallis 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8253:Kim Stallwood 8251: 8249: 8248:Jasmin Singer 8246: 8244: 8243:Nathan Runkle 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8228:David Olivier 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8108:John Feldmann 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8083:Aymeric Caron 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8053:Carole Baskin 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8024: 8021: 8017: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7956:Laurids Smith 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7926:James Rachels 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7871:John Lawrence 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7781:Brigid Brophy 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7745:Tatjana Višak 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7735:David Sztybel 7733: 7731: 7730:Cass Sunstein 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7695:Mark Rowlands 7693: 7691: 7690:Evelyn Pluhar 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7645:Andrew Linzey 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7630:Will Kymlicka 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7610:Dale Jamieson 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7590:Valéry Giroux 7588: 7586: 7585:Robert Garner 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7550:Sue Donaldson 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530:J. M. Coetzee 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7495:Tom Beauchamp 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7444: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7398:Hunt sabotage 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386:Methodologies 7384: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231:Hare coursing 7229: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7187: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6974:Chick culling 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6935: 6934:Vegetarianism 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6832:Anthrozoology 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6802:Animal ethics 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6677:Animal rights 6671: 6666: 6664: 6659: 6657: 6652: 6651: 6648: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6616:Whale worship 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6532: 6531:Horse worship 6529: 6527: 6526:Horses in art 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6457: 6452: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6426:Equestrianism 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6361: 6356: 6354: 6349: 6347: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6284:Ragged-jacket 6282: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6268:United States 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6207:Sealing ships 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6171: 6166: 6165: 6162: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6146: 6144:, 2 June 2008 6143: 6142: 6141:The Economist 6137: 6134: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6071:9780802068903 6067: 6063: 6062: 6054: 6038: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6010: 5994: 5988: 5972: 5968: 5967:National Post 5964: 5958: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5913: 5912:National Post 5909: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5879: 5873: 5857: 5851: 5843: 5839: 5832: 5816: 5810: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5748: 5742: 5726: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5677: 5671: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5629: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5589:(1–2): 66–84. 5588: 5584: 5577: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5487: 5486:New Scientist 5483: 5476: 5460: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5418: 5412: 5394: 5387: 5379: 5373: 5362: 5355: 5347: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5284: 5278: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5235: 5229: 5213: 5209: 5203: 5188:on 9 May 2008 5187: 5183: 5177: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5135: 5128: 5122: 5103: 5097: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5037: 5026: 5019: 5012: 4996: 4990: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4934: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4899: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4737: 4730:. March 2001. 4729: 4725: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4666: 4662: 4661:"The Boycott" 4656: 4645: 4638: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4488: 4471: 4464: 4445: 4439: 4423: 4417: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4376: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4311: 4305: 4294: 4290: 4283: 4277: 4275: 4255: 4248: 4242: 4226: 4220: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4124: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4051: 4045: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3982: 3966: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3888: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3834: 3826:. March 2001. 3825: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3747: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3636: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3571: 3565: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3458: 3457:Gilman, D. C. 3452: 3450: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3382: 3374: 3373:1-55081-095-2 3370: 3366: 3360: 3353: 3347: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3315: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3267: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3224: 3216: 3215: 3207: 3200: 3198: 3197:Middle Island 3183: 3182: 3174: 3166: 3159: 3151: 3144: 3136: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3110: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3050: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3013: 3004: 2997: 2992: 2983: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2886: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2741: 2739: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2646:public domain 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2573: 2567: 2551: 2547: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2490: 2483: 2475: 2468: 2466: 2457: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2206:Heather Mills 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2166: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2077:Harp seal pup 2075: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2055:bull fighting 2046: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2020:First Nations 2017: 2007: 2005: 1999: 1995: 1985: 1981: 1979: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1949: 1947: 1944:In 2005, the 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1925:However, the 1923: 1920: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1907: 1897: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1878:Yuriy Trutnev 1874: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1836: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1716: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1367:Cape fur seal 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1316:23,000 seals 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1237: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1188: 1176: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1066: 1063: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1015: 1010: 1003: 998: 984: 982: 981: 975: 971: 970: 964: 958: 957: 951: 942: 938: 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 916:Great Britain 913: 910:Finally, the 908: 904: 897: 892: 888: 885: 881: 877: 876: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 839: 835: 831: 827: 822: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782: 776: 775: 767: 765: 761: 757: 756: 750: 747: 743: 739: 735: 727: 726: 719: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 692: 685: 683: 679: 674: 672: 668: 661:in the 1880s. 660: 655: 646: 644: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 616: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 590:Otago Harbour 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 547: 542: 541:William Raven 538: 534: 530: 529: 524: 520: 510: 508: 504: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 483:elephant seal 480: 476: 475:South Georgia 472: 468: 467: 461: 457: 452: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 431: 430:Pacific Ocean 427: 423: 419: 411: 407: 403: 399: 397: 393: 389: 388:John St Barbe 385: 382:, along with 381: 377: 367: 365: 361: 356: 351: 349: 344: 340: 331: 329: 322: 317: 308: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 263: 259: 258: 257:Netsilingmiut 251: 245: 241: 237: 233: 232:First Nations 229: 221: 217: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 126: 124: 123:animal rights 120: 116: 112: 111:ragged-jacket 108: 104: 98: 95: 91: 89: 86:The Canadian 84: 82: 81:Arctic Circle 78: 74: 70: 63: 59: 54: 47: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 9520:Seal hunting 9465: 9446: 9438: 9430: 9422: 9414: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9362: 9344: 9337: 9330: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9276: 9268: 9260: 9252: 9244: 9236: 9228: 9220: 9212: 9204: 9196: 9188: 9180: 9172: 9164: 9156: 9148: 9140: 9132: 9124: 9116: 9097: 9089: 9081: 9073: 9065: 9057: 9049: 9041: 9033: 9025: 9017: 9009: 9001: 8993: 8985: 8977: 8969: 8961: 8953: 8945: 8937: 8929: 8921: 8913: 8905: 8897: 8889: 8881: 8734:Oxford Group 8602:Every Animal 8495:Contemporary 8444:Andrew Tyler 8434:Nell Shipman 8374:André Géraud 8283:Jerry Vlasak 8258:Lynda Stoner 8233:Alex Pacheco 8163:Evanna Lynch 8158:Howard Lyman 8143:Wayne Hsiung 8103:Chris DeRose 8093:Rod Coronado 8026:Contemporary 7966:Thomas Tryon 7886:Mary Midgley 7881:Jean Meslier 7861:Soame Jenyns 7851:John Hildrop 7846:Arthur Helps 7811:Richard Dean 7786:Peter Buchan 7725:Gary Steiner 7720:Peter Singer 7715:Jérôme Segal 7680:David Pearce 7670:Clare Palmer 7660:David Nibert 7650:Clair Linzey 7560:Joan Dunayer 7485:Aysha Akhtar 7473:Contemporary 7342:McLibel case 7297:Animal trial 7256:Seal hunting 7255: 7218:Wild animals 7203:Fishing bait 7165:Pain in fish 6984:Fish farming 6964:Battery cage 6884:Meat paradox 6841: 6782:Abolitionism 6583:Seal hunting 6582: 6481:Bear hunting 6476:Bear-baiting 6386:Draft animal 6320:Sealers' War 6190: 6139: 6129: 6094:. Retrieved 6090: 6087:"Angry Inuk" 6080: 6060: 6053: 6041:. Retrieved 6031: 6023:the original 6018: 6009: 5997:. Retrieved 5987: 5975:. Retrieved 5971:the original 5966: 5957: 5945:. Retrieved 5941:the original 5936: 5927: 5915:. Retrieved 5911: 5898: 5886: 5872: 5860:. Retrieved 5850: 5842:the original 5831: 5819:. Retrieved 5809: 5795: 5781: 5773:the original 5763: 5751:. Retrieved 5741: 5729:. Retrieved 5718: 5706:. Retrieved 5692: 5680:. Retrieved 5670: 5658:. Retrieved 5654:the original 5644: 5632:. Retrieved 5622: 5614: 5595: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5568:the original 5558: 5546:. Retrieved 5541: 5532: 5520:. Retrieved 5516:the original 5502: 5490:. Retrieved 5485: 5475: 5463:. Retrieved 5453: 5445:the original 5435: 5423:. Retrieved 5411: 5399:. Retrieved 5386: 5372: 5354: 5340: 5327: 5317: 5305:. Retrieved 5298:the original 5289: 5277: 5265:. Retrieved 5261:the original 5250: 5238:. Retrieved 5228: 5216:. Retrieved 5212:the original 5202: 5190:. 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Retrieved 2440:the original 2406: 2375: 2365: 2356: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2331:The Sea Wolf 2329: 2313: 2309: 2297: 2278: 2262: 2246:Farley Mowat 2234:Rutger Hauer 2226:Paris Hilton 2214:Martin Sheen 2194:Kim Basinger 2186:Loretta Swit 2175: 2150:ringed seals 2143: 2140:Inuit impact 2111: 2095: 2091: 2080: 2052: 2039: 2013: 2001: 1998:Fur clothing 1982: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1924: 1921: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1895: 1875: 1868: 1865: 1850: 1842: 1833: 1817: 1809: 1801:Arctic Ocean 1792: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1760: 1744: 1737: 1727: 1703: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1371: 1352: 1341: 1283:60,000 pups 1273:30,000 pups 1263:17,000 pups 1260:Before 1990 1253: 1249:Annual Quota 1248: 1243: 1212: 1197: 1193: 1164: 1148: 1126: 1116: 1107: 1103: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1072: 1059: 1050: 1046:Ralph Lauren 1034:Calvin Klein 1026:GC Rieber AS 1018: 978: 973: 967: 965: 961: 954: 939: 924: 920:jurisdiction 909: 905: 901: 874: 869: 865: 861: 843: 838:Louis Choris 825: 824:The Russian 810:World War II 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781:Newfoundland 780: 773: 768: 760:Labrador Sea 754: 751: 741: 731: 724: 707: 690: 686: 678:Newfoundland 675: 664: 659:Newfoundland 640: 617: 614: 610:Sealers' War 586:South Island 567: 558: 545: 527: 519:Australasian 516: 499: 494: 490: 465: 453: 446: 437: 417: 415: 373: 352: 337: 334:Newfoundland 325: 302: 289: 274:Ringed seals 267: 261: 256: 252: 225: 222:seal hunting 164: 132: 115:conservation 107:hooded seals 105:) and young 99: 92: 85: 72: 69:Seal hunting 68: 67: 29: 9289:Periodicals 9166:The Meatrix 9142:The Witness 8756:(Australia) 8730:(1891–1919) 8612:Faunalytics 8439:Henry Spira 8429:Hans Ruesch 8419:Jill Phipps 8414:Norm Phelps 8394:Barry Horne 8354:Royal Dixon 8349:Karen Davis 8329:Ernest Bell 8223:Ric O'Barry 8218:Jack Norris 8183:Dan Mathews 8088:Jake Conroy 8058:Barbi Twins 8033:James Aspey 7971:Gary Varner 7961:John Styles 7801:Henry Crowe 7750:Paul Waldau 7740:Michael Tye 7635:Renan Larue 7620:Melanie Joy 7605:Oscar Horta 7600:John Hadley 7570:Catia Faria 7565:Mylan Engel 7535:Alice Crary 7505:Steven Best 7500:Marc Bekoff 7466:and writers 7407:Observances 7312:Live export 7246:Ivory trade 7117:Vivisection 7092:Green Scare 6989:Fur farming 6894:Open rescue 6889:Nonviolence 6416:Pack animal 6391:Fur farming 6277:Terminology 6253:New Zealand 6117:, BBC News. 5904:Murphy, Rex 5522:24 February 5236:. Marinebio 4476:30 December 4453:30 December 4428:30 December 4381:30 December 4034:18 February 3935:: 687–694. 3845:Aftenposten 3188:25 November 3094:–71, 78–79. 2525:30 December 2409:(1931 film) 2401:Kayak angst 2367:Ice Climber 2326:Jack London 2284:horrible." 2250:Linda Blair 1994:Fur farming 1984:seal pups. 1973:each year. 1853:Arkhangelsk 1757:Regulations 1218:is usually 1200:.22 caliber 1113:Regulations 806:World War I 764:cod fishing 712:barquentine 694:, built in 667:Grand Banks 628:Henry Kable 624:Simeon Lord 551:Bass Strait 537:Dusky Sound 533:New Zealand 523:Eber Bunker 420:, owned by 321:Reimerswaal 194:, and seal 176:cooking oil 129:Terminology 18:Seal hunter 9514:Categories 9278:Seaspiracy 9182:Earthlings 8822:(Portugal) 8796:DierAnimal 8711:Historical 8507:Animal Aid 8399:Marie Huot 8344:Joan Court 8324:Bob Barker 8307:Historical 8193:Luísa Mell 8173:Keith Mann 8168:Bill Maher 8153:Ronnie Lee 8123:Tal Gilboa 8098:Karen Dawn 8038:Greg Avery 7916:Rod Preece 7831:T. Forster 7791:Mona Caird 7764:Historical 7625:Hilda Kean 7595:Lori Gruen 6929:Vegaphobia 6919:Speciesism 6812:Animal law 6576:Orangutans 6486:Teddy bear 6216:By country 5111:3 December 4824:Norge IDAG 4231:24 October 2898:(1): 108. 2415:References 2407:The Viking 2320:white seal 2312:, part of 2299:Angry Inuk 2178:Rex Murphy 2030:ecotourism 1871:whitecoats 1373:Cape Cross 1355:Cape Cross 1290:2004–2006 1280:2001–2003 1270:1998–2000 1208:snowmobile 1135:whitecoats 896:ecotourism 880:Bering Sea 834:Bering Sea 794:Terra Nova 755:Terra Nova 682:steamships 539:. Captain 485:oil. More 466:Resolution 460:James Cook 410:James Cook 376:South Seas 305:Baltic Sea 172:lubricants 103:whitecoats 9560:Fur trade 9550:Pinnipeds 9432:Manifesto 9371:Bite Back 9356:Magazines 9230:Vegucated 8828:(Germany) 8826:V-Partei³ 8804:(Germany) 8798:(Belgium) 8774:(Finland) 8597:Equanimal 8203:Morrissey 8178:Jim Mason 8133:Mark Gold 8068:Gene Baur 8043:Matt Ball 8019:Activists 7931:Tom Regan 7710:Jeff Sebo 7655:Dan Lyons 7464:Academics 7452:Advocates 7307:Live food 7107:Nafovanny 7014:Livestock 6994:Fur trade 6969:Bile bear 6904:Personism 6699:Overviews 6543:Kangaroos 6513:Elephants 6411:Livestock 6304:Seal meat 6289:Whitecoat 6238:Greenland 6223:Australia 6043:2 October 5917:22 August 5548:4 January 4997:. Lovdata 4747:Dagbladet 4263:24 August 4195:"Sealing" 3641:20 August 3417:1875–1883 3400:23 August 2941:(3): 197. 2920:162896841 2862:cited in 2693:: 91–130. 2371:enemies). 2328:'s novel 2222:Morrissey 2154:harp seal 2134:Vancouver 2059:fox hunts 1886:White Sea 1829:bluebacks 1740:ice shelf 1359:Atlas Bay 1170:Greenland 1160:Hong Kong 1075:harp seal 1014:harp seal 1002:waistcoat 784:, and SS 734:schooners 671:schooners 546:Britannia 487:fur seals 464:HMS 442:sperm oil 428:into the 426:Cape Horn 288:. Called 180:red ochre 168:lamp fuel 151:fur seals 147:sea lions 143:Otariidae 135:Pinnipeds 94:Harp seal 38:fur seals 9495:Category 9364:Arkangel 9296:Journals 9270:Dominion 9206:The Cove 8836:Activism 8780:(Sweden) 8768:(Canada) 8762:(Europe) 8476:Movement 8006:Voltaire 6924:Veganism 6874:Ethology 6775:Concepts 6633:Werewolf 6566:Gorillas 6562:Simians 6299:Sealskin 6096:19 March 5727:. 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