224:
of this season. This meant that the Season of the
Harvest usually lasted from May to September. Because the precise timing of the flood varied, the months of "Low Water" no longer precisely reflected the state of the river but the season was usually the time for the collection of Egypt's grain
257:
The Season of the
Harvest was divided into four months. In the lunar calendar, each began on a dawn when the waning crescent moon was no longer visible. In the civil calendar, each consisted of exactly 30 days divided into three 10-day weeks known as
765:
726:
532:
40:
440:
604:
578:
552:
529:
502:
479:
37:
606:
509:
507:
504:
739:
611:
609:
584:
581:
558:
555:
482:
43:
295:
673:
661:
269:. They were also known by the names of their principal festivals, which came to be increasingly used after the
702:
690:
265:
In ancient Egypt, these months were usually recorded by their number within the season: I, II, III, and IV
921:
899:
854:
20:
168:
110:
122:
870:
98:
761:
712:
665:
190:
65:
8:
241:
meant the season lost about one day every four years and was not stable relative to the
850:
832:
450:
246:
882:
819:
735:
669:
431:
283:
134:
94:
811:
786:
647:
435:
288:
274:
234:
213:
212:
In the lunar calendar, the intercalary month was added as needed to maintain the
130:
915:
445:
270:
217:
847:
Middle
Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs
238:
242:
173:
163:
The Season of the
Harvest was known to the Egyptians themselves as "Low
734:, vol. 1, Whangarei, New Zealand: Barry W. Tetley, p. 39,
412:
324:
273:. These then became the basis for the names of the months of the
138:
469:
Alternative representations of the Season of Low Water include
417:
259:
221:
150:
16:
3rd and final season of the lunar and civil
Egyptian calendars
350:
142:
835:, Ancient Egypt, Duncan Baird Publishers, London 1997. p.93
376:
186:
146:
137:
calendars this season begins at the start of the month of
775:, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, pp. 447–464
233:
In the civil calendar, the lack of leap years into the
397:
389:
115:
103:
93:
was the third and final season of the lunar and civil
121:), after which the New Year's festivities began the
770:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,
728:The Reconstructed Chronology of the Egyptian Kings
641:
639:
637:
913:
19:"Low Water" redirects here. For other uses, see
634:
141:(about 9 May), continues through the months of
766:"The Origin of the Ancient Egyptian Calendar"
649:Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book,
760:
708:
645:
109:) and before the spiritually dangerous
914:
724:
718:
844:
688:
682:
185:, in reference to the state of the
13:
149:, before concluding at the end of
14:
933:
228:
207:
653:Calendars, Clocks, and Astronomy
838:
177:), variously transliterated as
826:
804:
779:
754:
662:American Philosophical Society
463:
1:
725:Tetley, M. Christine (2014),
628:
7:
425:
10:
938:
855:Cambridge University Press
692:Middle Egyptian Dictionary
646:Clagett, Marshall (1995),
596:
570:
544:
521:
494:
471:
196:It is also referred to as
29:
21:Low Water (disambiguation)
18:
896:
879:
867:
660:, No. 214, Philadelphia:
406:Fourth Month of Low Water
342:Second Month of Low Water
287:
282:
252:
845:Allen, James P. (2000),
791:Encyclopaedia Britannica
456:
368:Third Month of Low Water
316:First Month of Low Water
189:before the beginning of
158:
123:Season of the Inundation
871:Season of the Emergence
762:Winlock, Herbert Eustis
398:
390:
172:
153:(about 5 September).
116:
104:
99:Season of the Emergence
894:days: 125 or 126 days
887:Season of the Harvest
441:Egyptian units of time
87:Season of the Harvest
689:Vygus, Mark (2015),
97:. It fell after the
57:Season of Low Water
900:Days over the Year
857:, pp. 103–106
833:David P. Silverman
658:Memoirs of the APS
451:Temple of Kom Ombo
271:Persian occupation
247:Gregorian calendar
95:Egyptian calendars
922:Egyptian calendar
910:
909:
897:Succeeded by
820:Leiden University
741:978-0-473-29338-3
620:
619:
618:
615:
614:
593:
592:
591:
588:
587:
567:
566:
565:
562:
561:
541:
540:
539:
536:
535:
518:
517:
516:
513:
512:
491:
490:
489:
486:
485:
423:
422:
111:intercalary month
83:
82:
51:
50:
47:
46:
929:
883:Egyptian Seasons
868:Preceded by
865:
864:
860:
858:
842:
836:
830:
824:
822:
808:
802:
800:
799:
797:
783:
777:
776:
758:
752:
751:
750:
748:
733:
722:
716:
706:
700:
698:
697:
686:
680:
678:
643:
622:
601:
600:
597:
595:
575:
574:
571:
569:
549:
548:
545:
543:
526:
525:
522:
520:
499:
498:
495:
493:
476:
475:
472:
470:
467:
436:Coptic calendars
407:
401:
393:
373:
369:
347:
343:
321:
317:
280:
279:
191:its annual flood
169:Ancient Egyptian
166:
119:
107:
58:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
937:
936:
932:
931:
930:
928:
927:
926:
912:
911:
906:
902:
893:
888:
886:
877:
873:
863:
843:
839:
831:
827:
810:
809:
805:
795:
793:
785:
784:
780:
759:
755:
746:
744:
742:
731:
723:
719:
707:
703:
695:
687:
683:
676:
644:
635:
631:
626:
625:
610:
605:
508:
503:
468:
464:
459:
428:
410:
408:
405:
395:
387:
371:
370:
367:
361:
345:
344:
341:
335:
319:
318:
315:
309:
296:Transliteration
275:Coptic calendar
255:
231:
214:heliacal rising
210:
164:
161:
63:
59:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
935:
925:
924:
908:
907:
898:
895:
878:
869:
862:
861:
837:
825:
803:
778:
753:
740:
717:
709:Clagett (1995)
701:
681:
674:
632:
630:
627:
624:
623:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
579:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
553:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
515:
514:
511:
510:
505:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
461:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
427:
424:
421:
420:
415:
403:
380:
379:
374:
365:
354:
353:
348:
339:
328:
327:
322:
313:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
286:
254:
251:
230:
229:Civil calendar
227:
209:
208:Lunar calendar
206:
160:
157:
81:
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
934:
923:
920:
919:
917:
905:
901:
892:
891:
885:
884:
876:
872:
866:
856:
852:
848:
841:
834:
829:
821:
817:
813:
807:
792:
788:
782:
774:
771:
767:
763:
757:
743:
737:
730:
729:
721:
714:
710:
705:
694:
693:
685:
677:
675:9780871692146
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:
650:
642:
640:
638:
633:
608:
603:
602:
599:
598:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
557:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
506:
501:
500:
497:
496:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
466:
462:
452:
449:
447:
446:Sham Ennessim
444:
442:
439:
437:
433:
430:
429:
419:
416:
414:
411:Birth of the
404:
402:
400:
394:
392:
386:
382:
381:
378:
375:
366:
364:
360:
356:
355:
352:
349:
340:
338:
334:
330:
329:
326:
323:
314:
312:
308:
304:
303:
299:
297:
294:
293:
290:
285:
281:
278:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:Roman periods
236:
226:
223:
219:
215:
205:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
170:
156:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
118:
112:
108:
106:
100:
96:
92:
88:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
62:
55:
54:
42:
39:
36:
35:
32:
31:
28:
27:
22:
903:
889:
881:
880:
874:
846:
840:
828:
815:
812:"Inundation"
806:
794:, retrieved
790:
781:
773:
769:
756:
747:26 September
745:, retrieved
727:
720:
704:
691:
684:
657:
652:
648:
465:
396:
388:
384:
362:
358:
336:
332:
310:
306:
266:
264:
256:
232:
222:fourth month
211:
201:
197:
195:
182:
178:
162:
155:
126:
114:
102:
90:
86:
84:
60:
66:hieroglyphs
711:, p.
664:, p.
629:References
409:New Year's
243:solar year
202:Dry Season
129:). In the
904:Ḥryw Rnpt
851:Cambridge
235:Ptolemaic
225:harvest.
117:Ḥryw Rnpt
91:Low Water
916:Category
816:Glossary
796:14 March
764:(1940),
651:Vol. II:
432:Egyptian
426:See also
300:Meaning
284:Egyptian
167:Water" (
135:Egyptian
787:"Shomu"
399:Mswt Rꜥ
391:Wp Rnpt
363:Ipt-Hmt
337:Hnt-Hty
325:Pashons
220:in the
200:or the
139:Pashons
772:No. 83
738:
672:
568:, and
434:&
418:Mesori
372:
346:
320:
289:Coptic
260:decans
253:Months
218:Sirius
198:Summer
165:
151:Mesori
131:Coptic
732:(PDF)
713:14–15
696:(PDF)
457:Notes
351:Paoni
183:Shomu
179:Shemu
159:Names
143:Paoni
798:2012
749:2023
736:ISBN
670:ISBN
594:and
377:Epip
357:III
311:Hnsw
237:and
187:Nile
147:Epip
145:and
133:and
85:The
890:Šmw
875:Prt
413:Sun
385:Šmw
383:IV
359:Šmw
333:Šmw
331:II
307:Šmw
267:Šmw
245:or
216:of
181:or
174:Šmw
127:Ꜣḫt
105:Prt
89:or
64:in
61:Šmw
918::
853::
849:,
818:,
814:,
789:,
768:,
668:,
656:,
636:^
542:,
519:,
492:,
305:I
277:.
262:.
249:.
204:.
193:.
171::
859:.
823:.
801:.
715:.
699:.
679:.
666:5
621:.
125:(
113:(
101:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.