2150:
1385:
480:
401:
2108:
rules on seasonality, which intensified after the war; there had previously been rules about kimono-wearing, but these were not rigidly codified and varied by region and class. Formalisation sought perfection, with no creases or uneveness in the kimono, and an increasingly tubular figure was promoted as the ideal for women in kimono. The kimono-retail industry also promoted a sharp distinction between
Japanese and Western clothes; for instance, wearing Western shoes with Japanese clothing (while common in the Taishō period) was codified as improper; these rules on proper dressing are often described in Japanese using the English phrase "Time, Place, and Occasion" (TPO). As neither Japanese men or women commonly wore kimono, having grown up under wartime auspices, commercial
886:
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1286:
667:
584:
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1759:
935:
2898:"Picasso of Fashion" due to his recurring confrontation of traditional values. Miyake found interest in working with dancers to create clothing that would best suit them and their aerobic movements, eventually replacing the models he initially worked with for dancers, in hopes of producing clothing that benefits people of all classifications. His use of pleats and polyester jersey reflected a modern form of fashion due to their practical comfort and elasticity. Over 10 years of Miyake's work was featured in Paris in 1998 at the "Issey Miyake: Making Things" exhibition. His two most popular series were titled, "Pleats, Please" and "A-POC (A piece of Cloth)".
454:
1499:
331:
898:
1240:
466:
1431:
2918:
Heian period carriage wheels". These art forms have been transferred onto fabric that then mold into clothing. With traditional clothing, specific techniques are used and followed, such as metal applique, silk embroidery, and paste- resist. The type of fabric used to produce the clothing was often indicative of a person's social class, for the wealthy were able to afford clothing created with fabrics of higher quality. Stitching techniques and the fusion of colors also distinguished the wealthy from the commoner, as those of higher power had a tendency to wear ornate, brighter clothing.
637:
1594:
382:
655:
852:
1310:
370:
837:
2938:
210:, Western clothing and fashion became increasingly popular due to their increasingly-available nature and, over time, their cheaper price. It is now increasingly rare for someone to wear traditional clothing as everyday clothes, and over time, traditional clothes within Japan have garnered an association with being difficult to wear and expensive. As such, traditional garments are now mainly worn for ceremonies and special events, with the most common time for someone to wear traditional clothes being to summer festivals, when the
2049:
426:
351:
1785:
1335:
604:
2186:
still given, were much less extensive. It was during this time that it became acceptable and even preferred for women to wear
Western dress to ceremonial occasions like weddings and funerals. Many women had dozens or even hundreds of kimono, mostly unworn, in their homes; a secondhand kimono, even if unworn, would sell for about 500 yen (less than £3.50; about US$ 5), a few percent of the bought-new price. In the 1990s and early 2000s, many secondhand kimono shops opened as a result of this.
2605:
1410:
445:
417:
1747:
4835:
272:
2526:
31:
2722:
1120:(710–794), through the division of upper and lower class. People of higher social status wore clothing that covered the majority of their body, or as Svitlana Rybalko states, "the higher the status, the less was open to other people's eyes". For example, the full-length robes would cover most from the collarbone to the feet, the sleeves were to be long enough to hide their fingertips, and women carried fans to protect them from speculative looks.
2909:
Miyake and several other fashion designers in their dominating use of dark colors, especially the color black. Traditional clothing often included a variety of colors in their time, and their use of "the absence of color" provoked multiple critics to voice their opinions and criticize the authenticity of their work. American Vogue of April 1983 labeled the two "avant-garde designers", eventually leading them to their success and popularity.
1455:
4487:
6427:
6415:
2236:
199:– have taken inspiration from and at times designed clothes taking influence from traditional fashion. Their works represent a combined impact on the global fashion industry, with many pieces displayed at fashion shows all over the world, as well as having had an impact within the Japanese fashion industry itself, with many designers either drawing from or contributing to
1889:
the streets, it was not worn by everybody, and was actively considered uncomfortable and undesirable by some; one account tells of a father promising to buy his daughters new kimono as a reward for wearing
Western clothing and eating meat. By the 1890s, appetite for Western dress as a fashion statement had cooled considerably, and the kimono remained an item of fashion.
2269:(1603–1867), the symbolic meaning of the kimono shifted from a reflection of social class to a reflection of self, allowing people to incorporate their own tastes and individualize their outfit. The process of wearing a kimono requires, depending on gender and occasion, a sometimes detailed knowledge of a number of different steps and methods of tying the
2956:
Japanese street fashion emerged in the 1990s and differed from traditional fashion in the sense that it was initiated and popularized by the general public, specifically teenagers, rather than by fashion designers. Different forms of street fashion have emerged in different Tokyo locales, such as the
2107:
In the second half of the 20th century, the
Japanese economy boomed, and silk became cheaper, making it possible for the average family to afford silk kimono. The kimono retail industry had developed an elaborate codification of rules for kimono-wearing, with types of kimono, levels of formality, and
1892:
A number of different fashions from the West arrived and were also incorporated into the way that people wore kimono; numerous woodblock prints from the later Meiji period show men wearing bowler hats and carrying
Western-style umbrellas whilst wearing kimono, and Gibson girl hairstyles - typically a
1879:
The first
Japanese to adopt Western clothing were officers and men of some units of the shōgun's army and navy; sometime in the 1850s, these men adopted woolen uniforms worn by the English marines stationed at Yokohama. Wool was difficult to produce domestically, with the cloth having to be imported.
1213:
The concept of the hidden body remained, with ideologies suggesting that the clothes served as "protection from the evil spirits and outward manifestation of a social rank". This proposed the widely held belief that those of lower ranking, who were perceived to be of less clothing due to their casual
1136:
and disseminating to the upper classes, who were the main arbiters of traditional
Japanese culture at the time and the only people allowed to wear such clothing. The ensuing cultural vacuum facilitated the development of a Japanese culture independent from Chinese fashions. Elements previously lifted
1077:
was instituted, which stipulated that all robes had to be overlapped at the front with a left-to-right closure, following typical
Chinese fashions. China considered right-over-left wraps barbaric. This convention of wear is still followed today, with a right-to-left closure worn only by the deceased.
2185:
The economic collapse of the 1990s bankrupted much of the kimono industry and ended a number of expensive practices. The rules for how to wear kimono lost their previous hold over the entire industry, and formerly-expensive traditions such as bridal kimono trousseaus generally disappeared, and when
2897:
is most known for crossing boundaries in fashion and reinventing forms of clothing while simultaneously transmitting the traditional qualities of the culture into his work. He has explored various techniques in design, provoking discussion on what identifies as "dress". He has also been tagged the
1981:
It was during the Taishō period that the modern formalisation of kimono and kimono types began to emerge. The Meiji period had seen the slow introduction of kimono types that mediated between the informal and the most formal, a trend that continued throughout the Taishō period, as social occasions
1904:
By the beginning of the 20th century, Western dress had become a symbol of social dignity and progressiveness; however, the kimono was still considered to be fashion, with the two styles of dress essentially growing in parallel with one another over time. With
Western dress being considered street
1888:
ordered that
Western-style student uniforms be worn in public colleges and universities. Businessmen, teachers, doctors, bankers, and other leaders of the new society wore suits to work and at large social functions. Despite Western clothing becoming popular within the workplace, in schools and on
970:
Nara-period upper-class clothing was much simpler than some later styles, taking no more than a few minutes to don, with the clothing itself allowing for freedom of movement. Women's upper-class dress consisted of a left-over-right lap-fronted top (over a similar underrobe), and a wrapped, pleated
2663:
come in standard dimensions, and the entire bolt is used to make one kimono. The finished kimono consists of four main strips of fabric — two panels covering the body and two panels forming the sleeves — with additional smaller strips forming the narrow front panels and collar. Kimono fabrics are
2140:
By the 1970s, formal kimono formed the vast majority of kimono sales. Kimono retailers, due to the pricing structure of brand new kimono, had developed a relative monopoly on not only prices but also a perception of kimono knowledge, allowing them to dictate prices and heavily promote more formal
543:
leading to Chinese styles of dress, appearance and culture becoming extremely popular in Japanese court society. The Imperial Japanese court quickly adopted Chinese styles of dress and clothing. As early as the 4th century CE, images of priestess-queens and tribal chiefs in Japan depicted figures
2917:
The Japanese are often recognized for their traditional art and its capability of transforming simplicity into creative designs. As stated by Valerie Foley, "Fan shapes turn out to be waves, waves metamorphose into mountains; simple knots are bird wings; wobbly semicircles signify half-submerged
2908:
are Japanese fashion designers who share similar tastes in design and style, their work often considered by the public to be difficult to differentiate. They were influenced by social conflicts, as their recognizable work bloomed and was influenced by the post war era of Japan. They differ from
666:
1875:
With the opening of Japan's ports for international trade in the 1860s, clothing from a number of different cultures arrived as exports; despite Japan's historic contact with the Dutch before this time through its southerly ports, Western clothing had not caught on, despite the study of and
1850:, policemen, railroad workers and teachers moved to wearing Western clothing within their job roles, with the adoption of Western clothing by men in Japan happening at a much greater pace than by women. Initiatives such as the Tokyo Women's & Children's Wear Manufacturers' Association
2104:) - trousers constructed from old kimono - instead. Fibres such as rayon became widespread during WWII, being inexpensive to produce and cheap to buy, and typically featured printed designs. Cloth rationing persisted until 1951, so most kimono were made at home from repurposed fabrics.
1982:
and opportunities for leisure increased under the abolition of class distinctions. As Western clothing increased in popularity for men as everyday clothing, the kimono industry further established its own traditions of formal and informal dress for women; this saw the invention of the
1826:
Following the opening of Japan's borders in the early Meiji period to Western trade, a number of materials and techniques - such as wool and the use of synthetic dyestuffs - became popular, with casual wool kimono being relatively common in pre-1960s Japan; the use of safflower dye
2986:
Lolita fashion became popular in the mid-2000s. It is characterized by "a knee length skirt or dress in a bell shape assisted by petticoats, worn with a blouse, knee high socks or stockings and a headdress". Different sub-styles of lolita include casual, sweet, gothic, black and
2786:, which resembles a long, wide pleated skirt, is generally worn over the kimono and is considered formal wear. Although it was traditionally created to be worn by men of all occupations (craftsmen, farmers, samurai, etc.), it is now socially accepted to be worn by women as well.
1880:
Outside of the military, other early adoptions of Western dress were mostly within the public sector, and typically entirely male, with women continuing to wear kimono both inside and outside of the home, and men changing into the kimono usually within the home for comfort.
2203:
Today, the vast majority of people in Japan wear Western clothing in the everyday, and are most likely to wear kimono either to formal occasions such as wedding ceremonies and funerals, or to summer events, where the standard kimono is the easy-to-wear, single-layer cotton
2010:), an uncommon practice of the upper classes in the Edo period, also became common throughout the middle classes; traditions of kimono bridalwear for marriage ceremonies were also codified in this time, which resembled the bridalwear of samurai-class women. Standards of
2878:." Initially men used it under kimono. By 2012 new variations of it emerged. Shoji stated that in 2012 the garment still emotionally symbolized the summer, even though there was a sense of embarrassment around it; she stated that it was more common until the 1990s.
2590:(lined) kimono, made of silk, wool, or synthetic fabrics, are worn during the cooler months. During these months, kimono with more rustic colours and patterns (like russet leaves), and kimono with darker colours and multiple layers, are favoured. Lightweight cotton
2141:(and expensive) purchases, as selling a single formal kimono could support the seller comfortably for three months. The kimono industry peaked in 1975, with total sales of 2.8 trillion yen (~£18 billion). The sale of informal brand new kimono was largely neglected.
1758:
514:
In the Kofun period, the right side was wrapped over the left (unlike in China), and the overlapped edge was secured with ties on the right side. Sleeves and trousers were tubular. Female figures often wear a skirt, with male figures wearing trousers tied with
2636:). Modern kimono that are made with less-expensive easy-care fabrics such as rayon, cotton sateen, cotton, polyester and other synthetic fibers, are more widely worn today in Japan. However, silk is still considered the ideal fabric for more formal kimono.
1784:
3001:
is another Japanese street fashion based on a Shibuya club-hostess look. Women with this style tan their bodies and faces to a deep brown colour, and will frequently use light lipstick to accentuate the darkness and brownness of their complexion. The
1384:
2541:
classes. During wedding ceremonies, the bride and groom will often go through many costume changes; though the bride may start off in an entirely-white outfit before switching to a colourful one, grooms will wear black kimono made from habutae silk.
1818:
In 1869, the social class system was abolished, and with them, class-specific sumptuary laws. Kimono with formerly-restricted elements, like red and purple colours, became popular, particularly with the advent of synthetic dyestuffs such as
1867:
of Japanese clothes; both the woolen and worsted industries in Japan originated as a product of Japan's re-established contact with the West in the early Meiji period (1850s-1860s). Before the 1860s, Japanese clothing consisted entirely of
2639:
Kimono are typically 39–43 inches (990–1,090 mm) long with eight 14–15 inches (360–380 mm) wide pieces. These pieces are sewn together to create the basic T-shape. Kimono are traditionally sewn by hand, a technique known as
2254:, labelled the "national costume of Japan", is the most well-known form of traditional Japanese clothing. The kimono is worn wrapped around the body, left side over right, and is sometimes worn layered. It is always worn with an
1627:" - luxurious displays of wealth and increased patronage of the arts - led to the further development of many art forms, including those of clothing. Genroku culture was spearheaded by the growing and increasingly-powerful
1239:
245:
saw traditional clothing – some produced exclusively for export and differing in construction from the clothes worn by Japanese people everyday – exported to the West, where it soon became a popular item of clothing for
2137:, and parents felt obliged to provide kimono trousseaus that cost up to 10 million yen (~£70,000), which were displayed and inspected publicly as part of the wedding, including being transported in transparent trucks.
1883:
From this point on, Western clothing styles spread outwards of the military and upper public sectors, with courtiers and bureaucrats urged to adopt Western clothing, promoted as both modern and more practical. The
5083:
1172:
jacket, worn by both genders in the early 7th century—being abandoned by both male and female courtiers. Others, such as the wrapped-front robes, also worn by men and women, were kept. Some elements, such as the
3867:
Jackson, Anna. "Kimono: Fashioning Culture by Liza Dalby". Rev. of Kimono: Fashioning Culture. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 58 (1995): 419-20. JSTOR. Web. 6 Apr.
2275:, with formal kimono for women requiring at times the help of someone else to put on. Post-WW2, kimono schools were built to teach those interested in kimono how to wear it and tie a number of different knots.
1214:
performance of manual labor, were not protected in the way that the upper class were in that time period. This was also the period in which Japanese traditional clothing became introduced to the Western world.
1643:
classes, representative of their increasing economic power, rivalled that of the aristocracy and samurai classes, brightly coloured and utilising expensive production techniques, such as handpainted dyework.
2149:
583:
1498:
1285:
2195:
became popular with young people. Around 2010, men began wearing kimono again in situations other than their own wedding, and kimono were again promoted and worn as everyday dress by a small minority.
5269:
2551:) for both men and women are plain black with five crests, though Western clothing is also worn to funerals. Any plain black kimono with less than five crests is not considered to be mourning wear.
400:
3010:
trend is found in both Shibuya and Harajuku, and is influenced by a "schoolgirl" look, with participants often wearing short skirts, oversized knee-high socks, and sparkling accessories.
1691:, which valued and prioritised the display of wealth through almost mundane appearances, developed, a concept of kimono design and wear that continues to this day as a major influence.
2568:, often with fur stoles around the neck. Other occasions where kimono are traditionally worn in the modern day include the period surrounding the New Year, graduation ceremonies, and
1409:
1070:) had been worn under the outermost upper-body garments, but now, following the newer Chinese fashion, they transitioned to being worn on top (again, by women, but not yet by men).
2303:
of kimono exist that are worn in the modern day, with women having more varieties than men. Whereas men's kimono differ in formality typically through fabric choice, the number of
603:
909:
636:
2510:
is then tied in place. Kimono are always worn left-over-right unless being worn by the dead, in which case they are worn right-over-left. When the kimono is worn outside, either
1559:
resembled a modern kimono, though at this time the sleeves were sewn shut at the back and were smaller in width (shoulder seam to cuff) than the body of the garment. During the
885:
5262:
3613:
2685:
are generally stiffer, meaning the kimono is actually kept closed through tying a series of flat ribbons, such as kumihimo, around the body. The two most common varieties of
2891:
Multiple designers use the kimono as a foundation for their current designs, being influenced by its cultural and aesthetic aspects and including them into their garments.
2768:
are almost entirely made of cotton of an often lighter weight and brighter color than most kimono fabrics. It is worn for festivals and cherry blossom viewing ceremonies.
258:
and the ways in which clothing can be used to stereotype a culture; in 2016, the "Kimono Wednesday" event held at the Boston Museum of Arts became a key example of this.
1107:), with long, round-collared outer robes. Richer garments in silk are ornamented with figural and geometric patterns, woven and dyed; some have flaring sleeves. Aprons,
2801:
are typically long, rectangular belts that can be decorated and coloured in a variety of different ways, as well as being made of a number of different fabrics. Modern
2762:
is an informal kimono worn specifically in the spring and summer, and it is generally less expensive than the traditional kimono. Because it was made for warm weather,
1944:
kimono, woven from raw and waste silk threads unsuitable for other uses, became highly popular, following the loss of many people's possessions. By 1930, ready-to-wear
1309:
4731:
479:
330:
2445:(mourning) kimono are worn by both men and women, with differences only in construction and sometimes decoration. In previous decades, women only stopped wearing the
5255:
4077:
2596:
are worn by men and women during the spring and summer months. In the warmer weather months, vibrant colors and floral designs (like cherry blossoms) are common.
2474:) was passed from mother to daughter as simply learning how to dress, and in the modern day, this is also taught in specialist kimono schools. First, one puts on
1097:. Most of them close left-over-right, but some abut or overlap right-over-left. Collar shapes include narrow, round or v-shaped. There is craftsmen's clothing in
5160:
2817:
are a type of sandal worn with kimono that resemble flip-flops by design, with the exception that the base is sturdier and at times forms a gently sloping heel.
1846:, the opening of Japan to Western trade after the enclosure of the Edo period led to a drive towards Western dress as a sign of "modernity". After an edict by
654:
6387:
2829:) that may be embroidered and woven with gold and silver yarn. These shoes are typically worn with white socks usually mostly covered by the kimono's hem.
2465:
The word kimono literally translates as "thing to wear", and up until the 19th century it was the main form of dress worn by men and women alike in Japan.
1074:
851:
1430:
951:
1677:
issued a number of sumptuary laws `for the lower classes, prohibiting the use of purple or red fabric, gold embroidery, and the use of intricately dyed
4030:
Nakagawa, K. Rosovsky, H. (1963). The case of the dying kimono: the influence of changing fashions on the development of the Japanese woolen industry.
1132:(794-1185 CE), Japan stopped sending envoys to the Chinese dynastic courts. This prevented Chinese-imported goods—including clothing—from entering the
836:
17:
2795:
is similar to a belt, wrapping around the outer kimono and helping to keep all of the layers together, though it does not actually tie them closed.
2114:
schools were set up to teach women how to don kimono. Men in this period rarely wore kimono, and menswear thus escaped most of the formalisation.).
1334:
934:
1791:
3913:
1905:
wear and a more formal display of fashionable clothing, most Japanese people wore the comfortable kimono at home and when out of the public eye.
1619:(1603–1867 CE), both Japan's culture and economy developed significantly. A particular factor in the development of the Edo period was the early
2262:, and may be worn with a number of traditional accessories and types of footwear. Kimono differ in construction and wear between men and women.
5178:
4724:
471:
2087:
Until the 1930s, the majority of Japanese still wore kimono, and Western clothes were still restricted to out-of-home use by certain classes.
250:
and fashion designers. Fascination for the clothing of Japanese people continued into WW2, where some stereotypes of Japanese culture such as
127:
translating literally as "something to wear" or "thing worn on the shoulders". Other types of traditional fashion include the clothing of the
4740:
1573:
developed further, with bolder designs and flashy primary colours becoming popular. By this time, separate lower-body garments such as the
921:
4255:
2319:) and the accessories worn with it, women's kimono differ in formality through fabric choice, decoration style, construction and crests.
254:
became widespread. Over time, depictions and interest in traditional and modern Japanese clothing has generated discussions surrounding
3147:
2857:
1454:
2622:
or linen, and they were made with multiple layers of materials. Today, kimono can be made of silk, silk brocade, silk crepes (such as
1706:
became much longer and wider, with various styles of knots coming into fashion, alongside stiffer weaves of material to support them.
897:
91:
Traditional Japanese fashion represents a long-standing history of traditional culture, encompassing colour palettes developed in the
5193:
4717:
4273:
2219:
1735:
3410:
3888:
511:
have no sculpture on top. These figures likely do not represent everyday dress; they may represent riding dress. Many wear armour.
3701:
4934:
2451:
when they got married, typically in their early- to mid-twenties; however, in the modern day, a woman will usually stop wearing
3116:
4188:
3939:
3548:
6392:
4777:
3177:
3510:. Rebecca A. T. Stevens, Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada, Textile Museum (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Pomegranate. p. 132.
818:(black gauze caps stiffened with lacquer) were being worn by male courtiers, and were regulaed in the 11th regnal year of
381:
3335:
2370:
are formal kimono with a design solely along the hem, and are considered the most formal kimono for women outside of the
1694:
From this point onwards, the basic shape of both men's and women's kimono remained largely unchanged. The sleeves of the
1950:
kimono had become highly popular for their bright, seasonally changing designs, many of which took inspiration from the
4867:
3796:
3573:
1746:
1217:
During the later Heian period, various clothing edicts reduced the number of layers a woman could wear, leading to the
2480:, which are white cotton socks. Then the undergarments are put on followed by a top and a wraparound skirt. Next, the
453:
6244:
4955:
4950:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
3824:
3676:
3515:
3472:
2278:
736:
with non-overlapping lapels, the front, collar, and cuffs edged with contrasting fabric, possibly an underlayer; the
425:
3083:
Assmann, Stephanie. "Between Tradition and Innovation: The Reinvention of the Kimono in Japanese Consumer Culture."
2133:
was deemed a necessity. Bridal trousseaus containing tens of kimono of every possible subtype were also promoted as
539:
had been introduced to Japan via Chinese envoys in the Kofun period, with immigration between the two countries and
5098:
5093:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4782:
4753:
1932:
as school uniform for girls. However, kimono still remained popular as an item of everyday fashion; following the
4248:
540:
465:
96:
3311:
Valk, Julie. "The 'Kimono Wednesday' protests: identity politics and how the kimono became more than Japanese."
1093:
with great ceremony. The ceremonial clothing of attendees (probably not all made in Japan) was preserved in the
3462:
1767:
1839:; literally, "red silk") was also common in pre-1960s Japan, making kimono from this era easily identifiable.
5674:
4892:
4769:
1137:
from the Tang Dynastic courts developed independently into what is known literally as "national culture" or "
723:
590:
304:
4178:
218:
is most appropriate; outside of this, the main groups of people most likely to wear traditional clothes are
4155:
Aliyaapon, Jiratanatiteenun, et al. "The Transformation of Japanese Street Fashion between 2006 and 2011."
3816:
560:
being Chinese in origin, due to the limitations of Japan's ability to produce the fabrics at the time (see
5398:
4872:
4862:
3197:
Japanese fashion designers : the work and influence of Issey Miyake, Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo
1390:
3752:
2823:
can be made of wood, leather and vinyl, with more formal varieties featuring decorated straps (known as
2807:
are typically made of a crisp, if not stiff, weave of fabric, and may be relatively thick and unpliant.
2562:, is another occasion where kimono are worn. At these annual celebrations, women wear brightly coloured
6447:
6405:
5619:
5205:
5183:
4814:
4241:
1204:(trousers) became longer than the legs and also trailed behind the wearer. Men's formal dress included
369:
2492:. Finally, the kimono is put on, with the left side covering the right, tied in place with one or two
2062:
While kimono were no longer common wear for men, they remained everyday wear for Japanese women until
2016:
at this time began to slowly graduate to a more formalised, neatened appearance, with a flat, uniform
88:, which encompasses all else not recognised as either national dress or the dress of another country.
6377:
5231:
4884:
4799:
4758:
2063:
1656:
fabric, also became the preferred material for kimono at this time, replacing the previously popular
1225:(lit., "small sleeve") garment—previously considered underwear—becoming outerwear by the time of the
2040:
standards were still relatively informal, and would not become formalised until after World War II.
1933:
1597:
The overall silhouette of the kimono transformed during the Edo period due to the broadening of the
350:
6382:
6372:
5702:
5415:
5410:
5200:
5088:
5065:
5060:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
4997:
4819:
3998:
Ashikari, M. (2003). The memory of the women’s white faces: Japanese and the ideal image of women.
1159:, the term used to refer to Heian-period Japanese culture, particularly that of the upper classes.
3836:
3139:
2736:
251:
5667:
4792:
3490:
Elizabeth LaCouture, Journal of Design History, Vol. 30, Issue 3, 1 September 2017, Pages 300–314
3219:
Rybalko, Svitlana. "JAPANESE TRADITIONAL RAIMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EMERGENT CULTURAL PARADIGMS."
2949:
2932:
2862:
2843:
that are made to be worn in the snow or dirt, featured with wooden columns underneath the shoes.
1918:
730:(593–628), male and female court dress were very similar. Both wore round-necked front-fastening
247:
200:
5420:
4877:
4180:
Transglobal Fashion Narratives: Clothing Communication, Style Statements and Brand Storytelling
1564:
748:
and extending below it to about knee length, a more heavily pleated contrasting skirt called a
255:
3961:
Goldstein-Gidoni, O. (1999). Kimono and the construction of gendered and cultural identities.
2357:
786:) is a major source of information for upper-class clothing of this period. By this time, the
206:
Despite previous generations wearing traditional clothing near-entirely, following the end of
5749:
5221:
2286:
2066:(1940–1945). Though the Taishō period had seen a number of invented traditions, standards of
1885:
4110:
Foley, Valerie. "Western fashion, Eastern look: the influence of the kimono and the qipau."
3363:
2406:
is a low-formality solid-colour kimono worn for tea ceremony and other mildly-formal events.
2365:
2336:(lit., "swinging sleeve") is a type of formal kimono usually worn by young women, often for
1179:
skirt worn by women, continued on in a reduced capacity, worn only to formal occasions; the
3170:"Traditional Costume that Represents Okinawa's Culture and National Features, the "Ryusou""
2533:
Women typically wear kimono when they attend traditional arts, such as a tea ceremonies or
874:
493:
Until the 5th century CE, there is little artistic evidence of the clothing worn in Japan.
312:), there is some description of clothing worn in Japan. It describes broad cloth (possibly
3671:(first ed.). Washington DC, San Francisco: The Textile Museum, Pomegranate Artbooks.
3614:"Dress like an aristocrat from the Nara period at new costume rental shop in Nara【Photos】"
3108:
1901:- became popular amongst Japanese women as a more low-effort hairstyle for everyday life.
1090:
8:
5247:
5236:
3056:
2090:
During the war, kimono factories shut down, and the government encouraged people to wear
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collars, which overlapped like modern kimono collars, though men continued wearing round
169:
112:
5529:
4048:
3892:
3488:
2117:
Kimono were promoted as essential for ceremonial occasions; for instance, the expensive
123:. The most well-known form of traditional Japanese fashion is the kimono, with the term
6062:
5226:
4929:
4521:
4289:
4203:
Black, Daniel. "Wearing Out Racial Discourse: Tokyo Street Fashion and Race as Style."
2618:
Up until the 15th century the vast majority of kimono worn by most people were made of
1674:
1593:
1510:
worn as outerwear. Note wider cut, and unisex narrow obi and shorter sleeves. Matsuura
1007:
860:
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776:
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just above the calf, so that they balloon over the knee, allowing freedom of movement.
3169:
2874:
wrote that they would be "best be described as a loose, thin, crepe cotton version of
1344:
234:
wrestlers, all of whom are required to wear traditional clothing in their profession.
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1604:
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for some clothing, and styles of wearing primarily fully-developed by the end of the
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6223:
5999:
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5119:
5114:
4990:
4924:
4709:
4575:
3019:
1686:
1226:
1195:
536:
104:
4131:
Carpenter, John T. "Weaving Kimono Back into the Fabric of Japanese Art History."
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5729:
5660:
5607:
5455:
5374:
4854:
4642:
3769:
3706:
3339:
2832:
2679:
were relatively pliant and soft, so literally held the kimono closed; modern-day
2395:
are semi-formal women's kimono featuring a design on part of the sleeves and hem.
2072:(wearing kimono) were still not as formalised in this time, with creases, uneven
1972:) technique of dyeing, where either warp or both warp and weft threads (known as
1807:
1709:
In the Edo period, the kimono market was divided into craftspeople, who made the
1624:
1049:
698:
should be shorter, with a short pleated frill beneath, as in the women's costume.
237:
Traditional Japanese clothing has garnered fascination in the Western world as a
138:
128:
34:
Photograph of a man and woman wearing traditional clothing, taken in Osaka, Japan
3644:
3596:
1603:, lengthening of the sleeves, and the style of wearing multiple layered kimono (
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5946:
5734:
5695:
5284:
4804:
2958:
2901:
2300:
1864:
1560:
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1394:
339:
192:
187:(Western clothes), though many well-known Japanese fashion designers – such as
175:
5632:
5469:
4228:
3332:
2048:
977:). Women also sometimes wore a lap-fronted overvest, and a narrow rectangular
6441:
6163:
5886:
5739:
4622:
3592:
2969:
2732:
2697:, which can be worn with everything but the most casual forms of kimono, and
2604:
2571:
1847:
1094:
978:
843:
819:
727:
594:
6124:
3723:"JAPANESE TRADITIONAL RAIMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EMERGENT CULTURAL PARADIGMS"
3686:
3525:
1194:
grew too narrow to wrap all the way around and became a trapezoidal pleated
719:
to Japan; during this time, Chinese influence over Japan was fairly strong.
505:
offering cylinders. These were used in the 5th and 6th century, though most
316:), made into unshaped garments by being tied about the waist and shoulders.
6419:
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5939:
5858:
5754:
5744:
5724:
4584:
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or as bridalwear, and is considered the most formal kimono for young women.
2337:
1914:
1843:
1673:
In response to the increasing material wealth of the merchant classes, the
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92:
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In Japan, modern Japanese fashion history might be conceived as a gradual
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2128:
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large bun on top of a relatively wide hairstyle, similar to the Japanese
1665:
1117:
1086:
545:
238:
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5304:
2646:. However, even machine-made kimono require substantial hand-stitching.
2346:
1082:
660:
Replica of the dress of the center-right figure in the preceding picture
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6177:
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5971:
5932:
5719:
5522:
5448:
5353:
4919:
4604:
4539:
3787:
Fassbender, Bardo; Peters, Anne; Peter, Simone; Högger, Daniel (2012).
2875:
2525:
2401:
2382:
2266:
2257:
2001:
1616:
1104:
271:
120:
6191:
6138:
5688:
5639:
5536:
5339:
5297:
2721:
2716:
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822:(~684 CE); this fashion persists in formal use into the 21st century.
642:
Replica of the dress of the leftmost figure in the preceding picture;
30:
6358:
6265:
6184:
6075:
5953:
5918:
5784:
5681:
5501:
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5381:
4651:
4512:
2412:
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1896:
1700:
began to grow in length, especially amongst unmarried women, and the
1163:
336:
Museum-reconstruction figurines (conducting religious ceremony; note
309:
242:
5985:
5851:
5346:
4486:
4233:
4082:: Hanging out in underwear is a cool way to survive the summer heat"
2649:
Kimono are traditionally made from a single bolt of fabric called a
2058:
standards for women, which promoted a smooth, streamlined appearance
1917:
for men and school uniform for boys, and between 1920 and 1930, the
1628:
915:
Nara court dress with stole, apron and overvest, 2009 reconstruction
6351:
6302:
6290:
6205:
6089:
5865:
5777:
5515:
5508:
5404:
5332:
4530:
4307:
4298:
3722:
2964:
2331:
2170:
2120:
1951:
712:
610:
295:
6344:
6323:
6038:
6024:
5568:
5367:
5311:
1585:
were almost never worn, allowing full-length patterns to be seen.
1513:
6330:
6237:
6131:
6045:
5925:
5819:
5805:
5582:
5487:
5325:
4678:
4613:
4566:
4557:
4456:
4447:
4411:
4379:
3503:
2974:
2652:
2536:
2425:
are informal kimono with a repeating pattern all over the kimono.
2153:
A young woman wearing very formal Japanese dress, 2010; note the
1820:
1794:, May 1912, some in European dress, some in kimono, some wearing
1620:
563:
551:
231:
161:
5625:
4696:
3987:
Phoebe Grant’s Fascinating Stories of World Cultures and Customs
3539:
Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto; Rice, Mary Kellogg; Barton, Jane (2011).
2812:
2235:
2189:
In the early years of the 21st century, the cheaper and simpler
1052:, which were associated with scholasticism, only later adopting
6258:
6251:
6170:
6068:
5992:
5900:
5826:
5798:
5791:
5653:
5575:
5561:
5318:
4687:
4548:
4503:
4474:
4429:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4352:
4325:
4316:
3046:
3026:
2673:, of which there are several varieties. In previous centuries,
2432:
2230:
1967:
1939:
1869:
1653:
1536:
1323:
1270:
1262:
1220:
1166:, with some elements—such as the round-necked and tube-sleeved
1116:
Social segregation of clothing was primarily noticeable in the
984:
981:. Men's upper-class dress had narrow, unpleated (single-panel)
528:
516:
500:
433:
407:
389:
358:
241:
of a different culture; first gaining popularity in the 1860s,
219:
213:
144:
64:
4361:
3813:
Robes of Elegance: Japanese Kimonos of the 16th-20th Centuries
2868:, a kind of underpants named after a song. Kaori Shoji of the
1683:
patterns. As a result, a school of aesthetic thought known as
6309:
6198:
6082:
5978:
5462:
5360:
4787:
4660:
4465:
4438:
4343:
4334:
4091:
3543:(3rd ed.). New York: Kodansha USA, Inc. pp. 11–13.
3036:
3005:
2979:
2943:
2740:
2703:, which are narrower at one end to make them easier to wear.
2631:
2093:
1647:
525:, wrapped skirts, were worn by men and women, sometimes over
225:
39:
6031:
6017:
3507:
The kimono inspiration : art and art-to-wear in America
1004:), with elaborate hats of stiffened open-weave black cloth (
6103:
5812:
5543:
4669:
4177:
Peirson-Smith, Anne; II, Joseph H. Hancock (15 July 2018).
3786:
3541:
Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3446:
2619:
1961:
116:
5277:
4151:
4149:
3079:
3077:
3075:
132:
3755:
3467:(1st ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press.
3199:. n.p.: Oxford ; New York : Berg, 2011., 2011.
1764:
Assorted types of kimono, Western dress, a court lady in
842:
Women's dress, with overvest, overskirt, waist sash, and
742:
skirt, above knee-length, had a matching edge. Below the
3443:
3085:
Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture
1772:, and a schoolgirl in a high-collared shirt, kimono and
792:
lapels overlapped (still right side over left), and the
766:
with a contrasting lower edge, and women wore a pleated
4146:
3789:
The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law
3599:'s reign; the usual date for the transition is 686 CE).
3364:"The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji"
3103:
3101:
3072:
2576:, which is a celebration for children aged 3, 5 and 7.
1724:
1015:
Nara-period women's clothing was heavily influenced by
891:
Children's dress, late 8th century, 2005 reconstruction
266:
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4685:
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4620:
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4602:
4582:
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4510:
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4445:
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4427:
4418:
4409:
4400:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4287:
3668:
The kimono inspiration: art and art-to-wear in America
3665:
Stevens, Rebecca A. T.; Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto (1996).
3024:
3003:
2988:
2941:
2847:
2838:
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2824:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2790:
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2707:
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2629:
2623:
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2511:
2505:
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2446:
2438:
2430:
2418:
2410:
2399:
2388:
2380:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2351:
is also worn as bridalwear as an unbelted outer layer.
2344:
2329:
2314:
2308:
2270:
2255:
2240:
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2190:
2176:
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2118:
2109:
2099:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2053:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1937:
1927:
1919:
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1828:
1801:
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1657:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1598:
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1574:
1568:
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began to be held closed with a small belt known as an
1542:
1534:
1511:
1505:
1467:
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1419:
1398:
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1268:
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1218:
1205:
1199:
1174:
1138:
1113:, leggings, socks and shoes have also been preserved.
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1005:
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182:
167:
159:
6403:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3877:
Dalby, Liza. (Mar 1995) "Kimono: Fashioning Culture".
3660:
3658:
3034:
1486:
1320:
collars on husband and wife, in their home. Note red
1167:
284:
4739:
3934:(1st ed.). Milano, Italy: Skira Editore S.p.A.
3098:
3044:
1978:) were dyed using a stencil pattern before weaving.
158:, most notably including the traditional fabrics of
103:
clothing and cultural traditions, motifs taken from
3430:
2468:Traditionally, the art of wearing kimono (known as
2283:
Japanese Woman in Traditional Dress Posing Outdoors
692:cap. This reconstruction is probably outdated; the
3948:
3728:Cogito (2066-7094, Humanities Source, EBSCO (Host)
3721:
3655:
2486:(under-kimono) is put on, which is then tied by a
1913:Western clothing quickly became standard issue as
1876:fascination with Dutch technologies and writings.
1481:
1291:The courtiers in the foreground are wearing their
989:(trousers) under a loose, mandarin-collared coat (
548:China. There is evidence of the oldest samples of
38:There are typically two types of clothing worn in
1418:and son, 13th century illustration. Pale pleated
497:clothing is known from clay sculptures used atop
6439:
3925:
3923:
3791:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 477.
3191:
3189:
3187:
3054:
2457:around this time whether she is married or not.
2213:
1662:plain-weave silk, which had been used to create
4176:
4016:Yamaka, Norio. (Nov 9 2012) The Book of Kimono.
3985:Grant, P. (2005). Kimonos: the robes of Japan.
3380:See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes.
2748:
1180:
1152:
1035:
1020:
990:
142:
79:
54:
4161:Airiti Library eBooks & Journals - 華藝線上圖書館
3538:
2921:
2755:
2249:
2198:
1853:
1372:
1342:
1187:
1146:
1042:
1027:
997:
804:were edged with pleated frills, replacing the
292:
151:
73:
48:
5263:
4725:
4249:
4026:
4024:
4022:
3920:
3184:
1860:promoted Western dress as everyday clothing.
1081:In 752 CE, a massive bronze Buddha statue at
63:, including the national dress of Japan, the
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3426:
3424:
3342:, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation
2529:A couple wearing kimono on their wedding day
2144:
1908:
571:
319:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3932:Taisho Kimono: Speaking of Past and Present
3912:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3886:
3664:
3638:
3636:
3634:
2043:
1936:of 1923, cheap, informal and ready-to-wear
1729:
1012:). Clothing was belted with narrow sashes.
962:outer collar, with upper garments outermost
181:Modern Japanese fashion mostly encompasses
5270:
5256:
4732:
4718:
4256:
4242:
4019:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3504:Textile Museum (Washington, D.C.) (1996).
3411:"Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment"
1123:
4274:List of items traditionally worn in Japan
3842:
3761:
3421:
2265:After the four-class system ended in the
2220:List of items traditionally worn in Japan
1752:Part of the Ootuki family in kimono, 1874
1736:Japanese clothing during the Meiji period
1588:
27:Japanese clothing, traditional and modern
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29:
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3261:
3259:
3257:
2926:
2667:Kimono are worn with sash-belts called
613:influence, with overlapping collar and
279:Little is known of the clothing of the
14:
6440:
5278:Japanese weapons, armour and equipment
4114:24, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 23-29.
4046:
3611:
3404:
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3400:
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3386:
3255:
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3251:
3249:
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3245:
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3239:
3237:
3137:
1994:(short-sleeved) kimono for women, and
5251:
4713:
4263:
4237:
4229:Video about Traditional Japanese Wear
4075:
4066:
4042:
4040:
3780:
3582:
3460:
3140:"Okinawa Traditional Costume – Ryuso"
3087:12, no. 3 (September 2008): 359-376.
2855:Beginning in 1881, Japanese men wore
2664:frequently hand-made and -decorated.
2460:
2167:wig with attached locks and numerous
1833:) for silk linings fabrics (known as
1778:. All wear both purple and red. 1890.
672:Contemporary men's dress, with green
4778:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
3929:
3602:
3557:
3532:
3345:
3215:
3213:
3150:from the original on 18 October 2016
2771:
2052:A 1957 clothing ad, showing postwar
2028:, which also resembled the "proper"
1725:Modern period (1869–), by regnal era
945:collar, and lower garments outermost
267:Yayoi period (Neolithic to Iron Age)
3767:
3642:
3612:Rogers, Krista (14 December 2015).
3408:
3383:
3234:
2429:Other types of kimono, such as the
1960:kimono were usually dyed using the
24:
4049:"16 Traditional Japanese Fashions"
4037:
3180:from the original on 14 July 2016.
1926:replaced the kimono and undivided
1487:Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1600)
1460:Carpenters in common dress, 1309;
593:, an embroidery from the reign of
25:
6459:
4222:
3839:Mami Baba. Sen'i gakkaishi vol.64
3210:
3119:from the original on 10 July 2020
3061:– traditional Vietnamese clothing
2584:Kimono are matched with seasons.
2322:
1806:spread from the court as part of
1721:, or wholesalers, and retailers.
1611:, woodblock print, 19th century).
722:Judging by the depictions in the
544:wearing clothing similar that of
18:Seasonal Wardrobe Change in Japan
6425:
6413:
4833:
4754:History of clothing and textiles
4485:
4183:. Intellect Books. p. 179.
2522:sandals are traditionally worn.
1783:
1757:
1745:
1623:period (1688–1704 CE), wherein "
1497:
1453:
1429:
1408:
1383:
1333:
1308:
1284:
1238:
950:
933:
908:
896:
884:
850:
835:
665:
653:
635:
602:
582:
541:envoys to the Tang dynasty court
478:
464:
452:
443:
424:
415:
399:
380:
368:
349:
329:
42:: traditional clothing known as
6056:Projectile and throwing weapons
5161:impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
4207:42, no. 2 (April 2009): p.241.
4197:
4170:
4125:
4104:
3992:
3880:
3871:
3830:
3805:
3746:
3720:Rybalko, Svitlana (June 2012).
3700:Bamforth, Chris (26 May 2006),
3497:
3481:
3223:4, no. 2 (June 2012): 112-123.
3031:– traditional Okinawan clothing
2948:girls, identified by shortened
2175:, paired with a formal brocade
2034:of upper-class women. However,
1567:(1568–1600), decoration of the
1482:Muromachi period (1336–1573 CE)
1210:collars and very wide sleeves.
711:began with the introduction of
4047:Spacey, John (July 11, 2015).
3702:"The capital delights of Nara"
3595:'s reign and the beginning of
3326:
3201:Ignacio: USF Libraries Catalog
3162:
3131:
3041:– traditional Chinese clothing
2554:The "coming of age" ceremony,
1436:Simple unisex everyday dress,
1397:, detail. Note red and purple
1297:off-the-shoulder, showing the
1245:In the late Heian period, the
556:tie-dyed fabric stored at the
406:Figure (reconstruction?) from
13:
1:
4215:(accessed November 16, 2016).
4157:Advances In Applied Sociology
4137:Art & Architecture Source
4116:Bibliography of Asian Studies
3138:Boivin, Mai (22 April 2013).
3089:Art & Architecture Source
3065:
3051:– traditional Korean clothing
2912:
2290:
2239:Gion geisha Sayaka wearing a
2214:Types of traditional clothing
1519:
780:
624:
305:Records of the Three Kingdoms
6156:Improvised and other weapons
5188:
4167:(accessed October 29, 2016).
4143:(accessed November 9, 2016).
4122:(accessed November 3, 2016).
3817:North Carolina Museum of Art
3433:"Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)"
3323:(accessed October 31, 2016).
3207:(accessed November 2, 2016).
3025:
2886:
2628:) and satin weaves (such as
2599:
715:, and the writing system of
537:Traditional Chinese clothing
410:, decorated with red pigment
308:compiled by Chinese scholar
275:Reconstructed Yayoi clothing
133:
7:
6393:Military equipment of Japan
5077:1920s–1950s Western fashion
5007:1830s–1910s Western fashion
4944:1500s–1820s Western fashion
4695:
4686:
4677:
4668:
4659:
4650:
4641:
4621:
4612:
4603:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4502:
4473:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4351:
4342:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4297:
4288:
4076:Shoji, Kaori (2012-07-17).
4032:The Business History Review
3891:. Ndl.go.jp. Archived from
3568:. E.P. Dutton. p. 28.
3370:. The Costume Museum, Kyoto
3231:(accessed October 29, 2016)
3144:insideokinawa.wordpress.com
3095:(accessed November 1, 2016)
3045:
3035:
3013:
3004:
2989:
2942:
2922:Influence on modern fashion
2848:
2846:
2839:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2749:
2727:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
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2659:
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2642:
2630:
2624:
2610:
2592:
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2570:
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2547:
2535:
2518:
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2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2453:
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2439:
2431:
2419:
2411:
2400:
2389:
2381:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2345:
2330:
2315:
2309:
2271:
2256:
2241:
2206:
2199:Reiwa period (2019–present)
2191:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2127:
2119:
2110:
2100:
2092:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2054:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1966:
1956:
1946:
1938:
1928:
1920:
1895:
1835:
1829:
1802:
1796:
1774:
1766:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1696:
1685:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1599:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1512:
1506:
1468:
1462:
1444:
1438:
1420:
1399:
1373:Kamakura period (1185–1333)
1363:collar in men's court dress
1359:
1353:
1322:
1316:
1299:
1293:
1269:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1219:
1206:
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694:
686:
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562:
550:
527:
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507:
499:
432:
388:
357:
338:
285:
224:
212:
183:
168:
160:
143:
80:
55:
10:
6464:
4205:Journal of Popular Culture
3464:Kimono: Fashioning Culture
3317:Literature Resource Center
3109:"Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles"
2983:subculture fashion style.
2930:
2714:
2579:
2228:
2217:
1872:of a number of varieties.
1733:
1253:consisted of many layers (
438:figure with reconstruction
394:figure with reconstruction
261:
6368:
6282:
6215:
6155:
6113:
6055:
6009:
5963:
5910:
5836:
5767:
5712:
5615:
5606:
5553:
5479:
5440:
5391:
5292:
5283:
5214:
5171:
5138:
5107:
5076:
5006:
4943:
4842:
4831:
4768:
4759:History of fashion design
4748:
4633:
4595:
4494:
4483:
4280:
4271:
3431:Department of Asian Art.
3115:. Kyoto National Museum.
2881:
2756:
2706:
2498:and smoothed over with a
2307:on the garment (known as
2250:
2224:
2145:Heisei period (1989–2019)
2084:still deemed acceptable.
1909:Taishō period (1912–1926)
1854:
1403:with trailing waist ties.
1343:
1188:
1147:
1043:
1028:
998:
572:Asuka period (538–710 CE)
320:Kofun period (300–538 CE)
152:
137:) and the clothes of the
74:
49:
6388:National Treasure swords
5084:Suffrage Movement period
2125:worn by young women for
2044:Shōwa period (1926–1989)
2022:and a smooth, uncreased
1730:Meiji period (1868–1912)
724:Tenjukoku Shūchō Mandala
591:Tenjukoku Shūchō Mandala
4743:of clothing and fashion
3618:SoraNews24 -Japan News-
3566:The Story of the Kimono
2950:Japanese school uniform
2933:Japanese street fashion
2837:are sandals similar to
1124:Heian period (794–1185)
1058:. Lower-body garments (
201:Japanese street fashion
5911:Chain and rope weapons
4112:Surface Design Journal
3811:Ishimura Hayao et al.
3564:Liddell, Jill (1989).
3055:
2953:
2744:
2615:
2530:
2296:
2245:
2182:
2059:
1934:Great Kantō Earthquake
1612:
1609:Plum Blossoms at Night
1589:Edo period (1603–1867)
1565:Azuchi-Momoyama period
772:long enough to trail.
726:, during the reign of
648:with stripes and frill
293:
276:
256:cultural appropriation
115:, the use of types of
113:traditional literature
35:
5837:Samurai accoutrements
5750:Mail and plate armour
5172:By country and region
4135:(October 2014): 1-5.
3837:町人のきもの 1 寛文~江戸中期までの着物
3174:okinawatravelinfo.com
2940:
2724:
2607:
2528:
2281:
2238:
2152:
2051:
1886:Ministry of Education
1808:Japanese reform dress
1596:
1533:Originally worn with
1164:increasingly stylised
1019:China. Women adopted
826:Nara period (710–794)
485:Figure in a loincloth
283:. In the 3rd-century
274:
33:
5964:Clubs and truncheons
5139:2000–present fashion
4596:Belt / sash
3461:Dalby, Liza (1993).
2927:Tokyo street fashion
2717:Kimono § yukata
2000:. The bridal kimono
1259:) worn over a plain
754:was worn. Below the
609:Women's dress under
5480:Polearms and spears
5179:Indian subcontinent
5108:1960s-1990s fashion
4159:no. 4 (2012): 292.
3768:Badgley, Joshua L.
3643:Badgley, Joshua L.
3591:(around the end of
3315:no. 2 (2015): 379.
3057:Vietnamese clothing
2098:(also romanised as
1637:); the clothing of
903:In contemporary art
302:, a section of the
5441:Knives and daggers
3965:, 38 (4), 351-370.
3930:Dees, Jan (2009).
3770:"Women's Garments"
3338:2010-10-16 at the
3221:Cogito (2066-7094)
2954:
2745:
2616:
2531:
2461:Dressing in kimono
2297:
2246:
2183:
2060:
1675:Tokugawa shogunate
1613:
1328:of standing woman.
1075:Yoro clothing code
857:Men's dress, with
777:Takamatsuzuka Tomb
760:, men wore narrow
717:Chinese characters
621:Takamatsuzuka Tomb
459:6th-century figure
277:
141:which is known as
36:
6448:Japanese clothing
6401:
6400:
6297:Edo period police
5763:
5762:
5620:Auxiliary armours
5436:
5435:
5245:
5244:
4707:
4706:
4265:Japanese clothing
4209:Humanities Source
4190:978-1-78320-845-6
4034:, 37 (1/2), 59-68
3941:978-88-572-0011-8
3887:更新日:2010年11月25日.
3645:"Women's Outfits"
3550:978-1-56836-396-7
3437:www.metmuseum.org
3225:Humanities Source
3195:English, Bonnie.
2774:Hakama, obi, zōri
2611:tateya musubi obi
2338:Coming of Age Day
1715:and accessories,
1605:Utagawa Kuniyoshi
1277:The Tale of Genji
1229:(1336-1573 CE).
1032:, "drape-necked")
286:Weizhi Worenchuan
44:Japanese clothing
16:(Redirected from
6455:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6409:
6378:Weapons of Japan
5613:
5612:
5554:Practice weapons
5530:Torimono sandōgu
5290:
5289:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5249:
5248:
4991:Directoire style
4837:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4711:
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4655:
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3217:
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3193:
3182:
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3166:
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3157:
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3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3105:
3096:
3081:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3020:Culture of Japan
3009:
2992:
2947:
2866:
2851:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2822:
2816:
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2800:
2794:
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2656:
2645:
2635:
2627:
2613:
2595:
2589:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2550:
2545:Funeral kimono (
2540:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2456:
2450:
2444:
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2416:
2405:
2394:
2386:
2375:
2369:
2361:
2350:
2335:
2318:
2312:
2295:
2292:
2287:Suzuki Shin'ichi
2274:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2209:
2194:
2180:
2174:
2166:
2158:
2132:
2124:
2113:
2103:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2057:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1977:
1971:
1959:
1949:
1943:
1931:
1923:
1900:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1838:
1832:
1805:
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1787:
1777:
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1761:
1749:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1682:
1669:
1661:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1629:merchant classes
1602:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
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1521:
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1509:
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1471:
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1412:
1402:
1387:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1319:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1279:, 12th century).
1274:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1242:
1227:Muromachi period
1224:
1209:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1171:
1162:Clothing became
1158:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1112:
1102:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1050:mandarin collars
1048:
1047:, "high-necked")
1046:
1045:
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1033:
1031:
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1024:
1011:
1003:
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288:
229:
217:
186:
174:produced on the
173:
165:
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148:
136:
105:Japanese culture
87:
85:
77:
76:
69:Western clothing
62:
60:
52:
51:
21:
6463:
6462:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6452:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6426:
6424:
6414:
6412:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6383:Japanese swords
6373:Japanese armour
6364:
6278:
6211:
6151:
6109:
6051:
6005:
5959:
5906:
5832:
5759:
5708:
5602:
5549:
5475:
5432:
5416:Sword polishing
5411:Sword mountings
5387:
5279:
5276:
5246:
5241:
5210:
5167:
5134:
5103:
5072:
5002:
4939:
4838:
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4629:
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4276:
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3984:
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3806:
3799:
3785:
3781:
3766:
3762:
3751:
3747:
3737:
3735:
3718:
3714:
3707:The Japan Times
3698:
3694:
3679:
3663:
3656:
3641:
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3622:
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3603:
3590:
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3518:
3502:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3459:
3444:
3429:
3422:
3409:Kennedy, Alan.
3407:
3384:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3346:
3340:Wayback Machine
3331:
3327:
3313:Asian Ethnology
3310:
3235:
3218:
3211:
3194:
3185:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3136:
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3016:
2935:
2929:
2924:
2915:
2889:
2884:
2860:
2853:
2778:
2753:
2737:Asagao Festival
2733:morning glories
2719:
2713:
2602:
2582:
2463:
2325:
2301:different types
2293:
2267:Tokugawa period
2233:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2201:
2147:
2046:
1997:montsuki hakama
1988:, divisions of
1911:
1851:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1788:
1779:
1762:
1753:
1750:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1625:Genroku culture
1591:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1502:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1478:
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1413:
1404:
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1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1313:
1304:
1289:
1280:
1243:
1185:
1144:
1134:Imperial Palace
1126:
1073:In 718 CE, the
1040:
1025:
995:
968:
967:
966:
963:
955:
946:
938:
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919:
916:
913:
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901:
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871:, ornate sash,
855:
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828:
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345:
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290:
269:
264:
149:
139:Ryukyuan people
71:
46:
28:
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5947:Kyoketsu-shoge
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4223:External links
4221:
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4145:
4124:
4103:
4065:
4036:
4018:
4004:
3991:
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3947:
3940:
3919:
3889:"戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱"
3879:
3870:
3841:
3829:
3819:(1988), p. 1.
3804:
3798:978-0198725220
3797:
3779:
3774:Sengoku Daimyo
3760:
3745:
3712:
3692:
3677:
3654:
3649:Sengoku Daimyo
3630:
3601:
3581:
3575:978-0525245742
3574:
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3022:
3015:
3012:
2993:("princess").
2931:Main article:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2902:Yohji Yamamoto
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2852:
2845:
2777:
2770:
2715:Main article:
2712:
2705:
2691:for women are
2601:
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2578:
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2459:
2427:
2426:
2407:
2396:
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2323:Women's kimono
2321:
2229:Main article:
2226:
2223:
2215:
2212:
2200:
2197:
2146:
2143:
2045:
2042:
1910:
1907:
1865:westernization
1813:
1812:
1792:Horiai Setsuko
1789:
1782:
1780:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:Main article:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1590:
1587:
1561:Sengoku period
1527:
1526:
1503:
1496:
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1428:
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1416:Empress Shoshi
1414:
1407:
1405:
1395:Ten Rasetsunyo
1389:
1382:
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558:Shōsōin Temple
488:
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451:
449:
442:
440:
430:
423:
421:
414:
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398:
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386:
379:
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375:Reconstruction
374:
367:
365:
355:
348:
346:
335:
328:
325:
324:
323:
321:
318:
268:
265:
263:
260:
252:"geisha girls"
239:representation
193:Yohji Yamamoto
176:Ryukyu Islands
131:(known as the
95:, silhouettes
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6460:
6449:
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6015:
6014:
6012:
6010:Staff weapons
6008:
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5429:
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5421:Swordsmithing
5419:
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5409:
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5400:
5397:
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5230:
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5207:
5206:Western world
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4663:
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4657:
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4607:
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4505:
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4449:
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4230:
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4210:
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4070:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4002:, 15 (1), 55.
4001:
3995:
3988:
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4585:Tsunokakushi
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4136:
4133:Orientations
4132:
4127:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4095:. Retrieved
4085:
4079:
4058:November 15,
4056:. Retrieved
4052:
4031:
3999:
3994:
3986:
3962:
3931:
3897:. Retrieved
3893:the original
3882:
3873:
3832:
3812:
3807:
3788:
3782:
3773:
3763:
3748:
3736:. Retrieved
3734:(2): 112–123
3731:
3727:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3667:
3648:
3621:. Retrieved
3617:
3597:Empress Jitō
3565:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3506:
3499:
3489:
3483:
3463:
3436:
3414:
3372:. Retrieved
3367:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3173:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3143:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3112:
3092:
3088:
3084:
2998:
2994:
2985:
2978:
2968:
2959:
2955:
2916:
2906:Rei Kawakubo
2900:
2895:Issey Miyake
2893:
2890:
2869:
2856:
2854:
2809:
2788:
2779:
2746:
2725:A couple in
2666:
2648:
2638:
2617:
2583:
2558:Seijin no Hi
2553:
2544:
2532:
2467:
2464:
2428:
2358:kurotomesode
2299:A number of
2298:
2294: 1870s
2282:
2264:
2247:
2242:kurotomesode
2202:
2188:
2184:
2139:
2134:
2116:
2106:
2089:
2086:
2078:and crooked
2064:World War II
2061:
1980:
1975:heiyō-gasuri
1915:army uniform
1912:
1903:
1891:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1862:
1844:Meiji period
1841:
1825:
1817:
1708:
1693:
1672:
1614:
1608:
1563:(1467–1615)/
1532:
1216:
1212:
1161:
1154:kokufū-bunka
1130:Heian period
1127:
1115:
1080:
1072:
1017:Tang-dynasty
1014:
969:
774:
721:
709:Asuka period
706:
589:Part of the
535:
533:(trousers).
513:
495:Kofun period
492:
472:Tanko armour
314:double-width
303:
281:Yayoi period
278:
236:
208:World War II
205:
197:Rei Kawakubo
189:Issey Miyake
180:
124:
101:Tang dynasty
93:Heian period
90:
81:
68:
56:
43:
37:
6338:Shinsengumi
6273:Uma-jirushi
6146:Tanegashima
5894:Uchi-bukuro
5880:Kubi bukuro
5873:Kate-bukuro
5470:Yoroi-dōshi
5427:Tameshigiri
5215:By clothing
4878:Western Xia
4868:Jurchen Jin
4850:Anglo-Saxon
4843:Middle Ages
4788:Han Chinese
4281:Traditional
4087:Japan Times
4000:Japan Forum
3738:October 29,
2871:Japan Times
2861: [
2366:irotomesode
2248:The kimono
2181:overkimono.
2129:Seijinshiki
1842:During the
1666:tsujigahana
1615:During the
1523: 1650
1400:naga-bakama
1128:During the
1118:Nara period
1091:consecrated
546:Han dynasty
129:Ainu people
6317:Onna-musha
6178:Metsubushi
6125:Bajō-zutsu
5933:Kusarigama
5720:Brigandine
5523:Sodegarami
5449:Kabutowari
5354:Shikomizue
4935:Vietnamese
4893:400s–1000s
4097:2024-08-02
4053:Japan Talk
3899:2012-07-22
3758:for school
3753:平安時代の貴族の服装
3623:16 October
3415:LoveToKnow
3374:16 October
3066:References
2913:Aesthetics
2876:long johns
2700:nagoya obi
2694:fukuro obi
2504:belt. The
2218:See also:
2135:de rigueur
1954:movement.
1800:. Women's
1790:Family of
1617:Edo period
1448:, matching
1105:bast fiber
1103:(domestic
121:Edo period
6359:Yamabushi
6266:Sashimono
6245:Kabura-ya
6076:Makibishi
6063:Artillery
5972:Hachiwari
5919:Chigiriki
5785:Hachimaki
5682:Men-yoroi
5597:Tanren bō
5502:Kama-yari
5495:Hoko yari
5382:Wakizashi
5099:1945–1960
5094:1930–1945
5056:Edwardian
5014:Victorian
4986:1795–1820
4981:1775–1795
4976:1750–1775
4971:1700–1750
4966:1650–1700
4961:1600–1650
4956:1550–1600
4951:1500–1550
4930:Tocharian
4855:Byzantine
4652:Jika-tabi
4513:Hachimaki
4371:Jūnihitoe
3963:Ethnology
2887:Designers
2600:Materials
2495:koshihimo
2489:koshihimo
2483:nagajuban
2421:edo komon
2391:tsukesage
2163:nihongami
2156:katsuyama
2002:trousseau
1897:nihongami
1855:東京婦人子供服組合
1354:nu-bakama
1345:Sashinuki
1249:jūnihitoe
1198:. Formal
879:and sword
597:(593–628)
310:Chen Shou
243:Japonisme
6442:Category
6352:Yabusame
6303:Kunoichi
6291:Ashigaru
6206:Suntetsu
6117:and guns
6115:Firearms
6090:Shuriken
5866:Kaginawa
5778:Fundoshi
5769:Clothing
5730:Lamellar
5647:Haramaki
5590:Suburitō
5516:Sasumata
5509:Naginata
5405:Horimono
5399:Glossary
5333:Nagamaki
5305:Dōtanuki
5237:Swimwear
5201:Thailand
4859:Chinese
4825:Thracian
4810:Biblical
4800:Egyptian
4741:Timeline
4634:Footwear
4531:Kanzashi
4495:Headgear
4308:Furisode
4299:Fundoshi
4080:Suteteko
3908:cite web
3687:33947597
3526:33947597
3336:Archived
3178:Archived
3148:Archived
3117:Archived
3014:See also
2965:Harajuku
2858:suteteko
2849:Suteteko
2625:chirimen
2565:furisode
2501:datejime
2454:furisode
2448:furisode
2387:and the
2383:houmongi
2373:furisode
2347:uchikake
2332:furisode
2178:uchikake
2171:kanzashi
2121:furisode
2075:ohashori
2019:ohashori
1991:tomesode
1952:Art Deco
1659:nerinuki
1393:and the
1317:Tarikubi
1303:beneath.
1143:culture"
1095:Shōsō-in
1083:Tōdai-ji
1055:tarikubi
1022:tarikubi
942:Tarikubi
713:Buddhism
678:, white
611:Goguryeo
296:Wajinden
6432:Fashion
6406:Portals
6331:Samurai
6238:Horagai
6192:Ōtsuchi
6139:Ōdzutsu
6132:Bo-hiya
6046:Yubi-bo
5926:Kubotan
5820:Uwa-obi
5806:Shitagi
5735:Laminar
5689:Ō-yoroi
5640:Dō-maru
5583:Shinken
5537:Tsukubō
5488:Bisento
5375:Tsurugi
5340:Ninjatō
5326:Kodachi
5298:Chokutō
4925:Ottoman
4889:Europe
4885:English
4770:Ancient
4679:Uwabaki
4614:Uwa-obi
4567:Tenugui
4558:Shaguma
4522:Kanmuri
4457:Sokutai
4448:Shitagi
4412:Mawashi
4380:Keikogi
4290:Chihaya
4211:, EBSCO
4163:, EBSCO
4139:, EBSCO
4118:, EBSCO
3319:, EBSCO
3227:, EBSCO
3203:, EBSCO
3154:10 July
3123:10 July
3091:, EBSCO
2995:Kogyaru
2977:or the
2975:Shibuya
2735:at the
2660:Tanmono
2653:tanmono
2608:Formal
2580:Seasons
2537:ikebana
2471:kitsuke
2402:iromuji
2159:-style
2111:kitsuke
2069:kitsuke
2055:kitsuke
2037:kitsuke
2031:kitsuke
2013:kitsuke
1985:hōmongi
1821:mauvine
1712:tanmono
1680:shibori
1621:Genroku
1360:agekubi
1207:agekubi
1169:chun ju
1037:agekubi
1008:kanmuri
971:skirt (
959:Agekubi
861:kanmuri
814:Kanmuri
688:kanmuri
619:skirt.
564:tanmono
552:shibori
517:garters
262:History
248:artists
170:bashōfu
162:bingata
97:adopted
6259:Saihai
6252:Nobori
6224:Gunbai
6171:Kiseru
6069:Fukiya
6000:Tessen
5993:Tekkan
5986:Kanabō
5901:Yebira
5852:Daishō
5827:Waraji
5799:Kyahan
5792:Hakama
5703:Tatami
5675:Kusari
5661:Karuta
5654:Kabuto
5608:Armour
5576:Shinai
5562:Bokken
5456:Kaiken
5347:Ōdachi
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