928:
80:
subsequent, matured reflection with a specific purpose." There is little doubt that the author was member of the clergy. He shows a strong knowledge of religious matters, makes many biblical allusions and quotations, and appears to have had access to the
Armenian church archives at Dvin. An episode in the history in which an Armenian bishop reluctantly takes communion with Byzantine emperor
84:, but only after stating the Armenian church's doctrinal position from the 649 Council of Dvin, may actually be an episode from the author's life told in the history in the third person. He writes from a Persian, rather than a Roman, perspective, although his sympathies are with Christian Byzantium in the wars between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires.
167:
two volumes). Bedrosian also later translated the first two sections. C. Gugerotti published an
Italian translation of the history, including the first two sections, in 1990. An English translation by Robert W. Thomson based on the 1979 critical edition was published in 1999. Thomson had earlier included a translation of the first section (the
132:
he does not take the side of any one
Armenian noble house and has been described as "a patriotic historian, not unswervingly loyal to any one House, and a fervent defender of the independence of the Armenian Church." However, in Tim Greenwood's view, a focus on the Mamikonian family can be discerned in the history, and it is highly likely that
66:, which has been assumed to be the same as the anonymous history of the 1672 manuscript, although this is not universally accepted. Since the 19th century, many scholars have identified the Bishop Sebeos of the Bagratunis with the historian Sebeos and attributed the anonymous history of the 1672 manuscript to Sebeos, although
131:
and as one of the very few non-Islamic sources on the Muslim conquests. It is also an important a source for a crucial period of
Iranian history. The author has also been praised for his striving towards objectivity and neutrality between the Armenian noble houses. Unlike several Armenian historians,
166:
in 1904. In 1979, G. V. Abgaryan published a critical edition of the
Armenian text, including the first two sections. This was translated into modern Eastern Armenian in 2004. Robert Bedrosian completed an English translation of the 1879 Patkanian edition in 1979 (published in print in 2021–2023 in
126:
Sebeos's history is the main source for
Armenian history in the 6th and 7th centuries. It stands out from preceding Armenian histories and many later ones for its broad geographical scope, giving considerable attention to events in Iran, Byzantium, and the Islamic empire even where these events did
70:
notes that these are only assumptions and writes, "he author and original title of this work published as the 'History of Sebeos' remain unknown." It is notable that the author of the history never refers to the 645 Council of Dvin. The history attributed to Sebeos was known to and quoted by later
79:
becoming caliph). Thomson writes that the author displays a knowledge of contemporary conditions and
Iranian culture that would be surprising for someone living in later times, and that the history resembles more an attempt to understand recent events and the realization of God's will than "a
136:(presiding prince of Armenia) was the patron of the work. According to James Howard-Johnston, the history is the single most important source on the ending of classical antiquity and "on the whole, the history retailed is lucid and where it can be tested, it can be shown to be reliable."
220:
An earlier manuscript with the history dating to 1568, in which the history is also untitled and anonymous, was used in the 1851 edition, but has since been lost. All other known copies are of the 1672 manuscript (Matenadaran no.
87:
The first two sections of the text (chapters 1–6) are often considered to be the work of a different author than the rest of the history. The first section recounts the traditional story of the foundation of
Armenia by
150:(History of Bishop Sebeos on Heraclius) based on the 1672 manuscript and a 1568 manuscript which has since been lost. Further Armenian editions were published 1879, 1913, and 1939. It was translated into Russian by
74:
The author places himself in the tradition of
Armenian history-writing and indicates that he lived close to the events that he describes, that is, in the second half of the 7th century (the history ends with
868:
380:"The identification can be rejected definitively on the basis of a comparison with the few extracts from Sebeos' History of Heraclius which have been independently preserved."
96:), as well as an account of the creation of the Parthian Empire. The second section includes a list of Armenian, Persian and Greek kings and an account of the origins of the
2003:
1396:
1350:
861:
315:. Critical text by G. V. Abgaryan, translation into Eastern Armenian and commentary by G. K. Khachatryan and V. A. Yeghiazaryan. Yerevan: Zangak-97. pp. i-ii .
1360:
1068:
1940:
1858:
1848:
2028:
2018:
1431:
1421:
1391:
1300:
1269:
1248:
947:
854:
1930:
1920:
1416:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1320:
1315:
1284:
1264:
1238:
1186:
1151:
1691:
1686:
1325:
1279:
1063:
2008:
1993:
1910:
1838:
1648:
1335:
1274:
1089:
1022:
978:
942:
119:, which is the central subject of the history. The third part covers the rise of Islam and the Muslim conquests. It concludes with the results of the
1983:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1441:
1426:
1401:
1243:
1228:
1006:
1973:
1330:
1130:
1863:
1345:
1181:
1115:
1355:
542:
1474:
238:
in Vardan
Baghishetsi's description of the 1672 manuscript because most of the work is dedicated to events during the reign of Sasanian king
162:
translated parts of it into German in 1875. A translation into French (not including the first two sections, chapters 1–6) was published by
1233:
234:, although it contains several chapters about him, hence why it was apparently called by this title. Similarly, the history is called the
567:
1578:
429:
Greenwood, Tim (2002). "Sasanian Echoes and Apocalyptic Expectations: A Re-Evaluation of the Armenian History attributed to Sebeos".
116:
2068:
1573:
127:
not directly affect Armenians and Armenia. It is valued as the earliest surviving major account of the rise of Islam and the early
287:. Historical commentary by James Howard-Johnston. Assistance from Tim Greenwood. Liverpool University Press. p. xxxi.
1467:
824:
780:
728:
720:
685:
584:
320:
292:
46:
in Armenia), in which it is included as an anonymous, untitled history in a collection of Armenian sources. The name
772:
Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam
71:
Armenian historians, although none of those who quoted it ever acknowledged their source as the history of Sebeos.
476:. Translated by Bedrosian, Robert. Long Branch, New Jersey: Sources of the Armenian Tradition. 2004. p. ii.
100:. The main history attributed to Sebeos can be divided into three parts. The first part begins with the reign of
775:. Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam, 13. Princeton, New Jersey: The Darwin Press. pp. 124-132ff.
770:
111:) and narrates the period of cooperation between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires after the restoration of
647:
2073:
1460:
675:
203:
42:
The history attributed to Sebeos has survived in a manuscript written in Bitlis in 1672 (now held at the
1738:
1043:
984:
144:
Sebeos's history was first published by Tatevos Mihrdatian in Constantinople in 1851 under the title
471:
58:
in 645, Bishop Sebeos of the Bagratunis. Additionally, a historian named Sebeos (called a bishop by
787:
Discusses the information about the emergence of Islam and the early Islamic conquests in Sebeos.
576:
1783:
1406:
846:
133:
128:
55:
159:
1768:
1748:
1094:
1053:
643:
23:
486:
are the work of the same author, nonetheless, by convention, the episodes and tables of the
2043:
1828:
1813:
1743:
1671:
1661:
1633:
1166:
1161:
1048:
907:
163:
8:
2033:
1823:
1773:
1483:
1411:
655:
155:
2078:
1808:
1436:
1156:
536:
31:
54:, appears as the name of one of the Armenian bishops who signed the resolution of the
1925:
1868:
1843:
1793:
1778:
1638:
1520:
1223:
1171:
1110:
973:
912:
840:
820:
812:
799:
776:
766:
724:
716:
681:
580:
526:
316:
288:
284:
243:
172:
151:
67:
2013:
1998:
1988:
1900:
1853:
1833:
1803:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1530:
1340:
1310:
1191:
1176:
1146:
1084:
877:
115:
to the throne with Byzantine help in 591. The second part is about the final major
1935:
1798:
1676:
1643:
1207:
968:
917:
674:
Hacikyan, Agop; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2002).
363:
2023:
1978:
1945:
1733:
1681:
1558:
1305:
1038:
359:
230:
The history attributed to Sebeos is not a history of the Eastern Roman emperor
2062:
1706:
1623:
1120:
76:
59:
803:
62:) is included in some lists of Armenian historians, to whom is attributed a
1788:
1618:
1125:
927:
897:
431:
1515:
120:
81:
43:
281:
The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos, Part I: Translation and Notes
2038:
1701:
1058:
239:
112:
101:
97:
1452:
231:
1001:
123:(the accession of Mu'awiya) and describes its effects on Armenians.
1628:
902:
680:. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. pp. 81–83.
673:
1696:
1525:
876:
1613:
1568:
1510:
892:
250:, it is not the same work as the history attributed to Sebeos.
490:
continue to be published as the first six chapters of Sebeos.
1818:
1563:
1505:
89:
817:
A Bibliography of Classical Armenian Literature to 1500 AD
139:
808:
Critical Classical Armenian edition with introduction.
713:. Translated by Bedrosian, Robert. Sophene. 2021–2023.
798:(in Armenian). Yerevan: HSSH GA hratarakchʻutʻyun.
566:
197:
192:
145:
2060:
357:
246:, judging from the surviving extracts from the
843:, Russian translation, Saint Petersburg, 1862.
677:The Heritage of Armenian Literature, Volume II
207:
1468:
862:
389:Sebeos 1999, pp. xxxiii–xxxiv, xxxvi–xxxviii.
531:. Translated by Bedrosian, Robert. New York.
415:
413:
271:
269:
267:
642:
478:While few Armenists today believe that the
1475:
1461:
869:
855:
541:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
30:) was the reputed author of a 7th-century
1606:
428:
410:
264:
1963:
50:, which is a shortened form of the name
1482:
819:. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 196–198.
573:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
564:
171:) in an appendix to his translation of
37:
2061:
791:Sebeos (1979). Abgaryan, G. V. (ed.).
524:
520:
518:
516:
307:
275:
147:Patmutiun Sebeosi episkoposi i Herakln
1962:
1884:
1723:
1595:
1547:
1494:
1456:
850:
739:
737:
466:
464:
398:Sebeos 1999, pp. xxxv–xxxvi, xxxviii.
1885:
1495:
368:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
353:
351:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
140:Publication history and translations
1724:
513:
13:
1596:
759:
734:
648:"Sebeos: A Historical Controversy"
461:
14:
2090:
834:
370:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation
338:
926:
2069:7th-century Armenian historians
746:
703:
694:
667:
636:
627:
618:
609:
600:
558:
549:
504:
495:
452:
443:
422:
407:Sebeos 1999, pp. xxxviii–xxxix.
401:
358:Howard-Johnston, James (2010).
106:
1521:Ara the Beautiful and Shamiram
473:The Primary History of Armenia
392:
383:
329:
301:
224:
214:
185:
56:Ecclesiastical Council of Dvin
16:7th-century Armenian historian
1:
283:. Translated, with notes, by
257:
624:Greenwood 2002, pp. 390–392.
198:
146:
7:
10:
2095:
2004:Yeremia Chelebi Keomurjian
1739:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
1548:
1397:Petros di Sargis Gilanents
1351:Yeremia Chelebi Keomurjian
1044:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
985:Narratio de rebus Armeniae
924:
880:historians and chroniclers
615:Sebeos 1999, pp. xlv–xlvi.
193:
27:
1969:
1958:
1891:
1880:
1730:
1719:
1602:
1591:
1554:
1543:
1501:
1490:
1384:
1293:
1257:
1216:
1200:
1139:
1103:
1077:
1031:
1015:
994:
956:
935:
885:
208:
795:
312:
242:. However, according to
178:
633:Sebeos 1999, p. lxxvii.
606:Sebeos 1999, p. xxviii.
577:Oxford University Press
501:Sebeos 1999, p. xxxiii.
92:(commonly known as the
1784:Nerses IV the Gracious
644:Bournoutian, George A.
565:Andrews, Tara (2018).
555:Sebeos 1999, p. xliii.
335:Sebeos 1999, p. xxxvi.
121:first Muslim civil war
117:Byzantine–Sasanian war
1769:Aristakes Lastivertsi
1749:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
1361:Grigor dpir Varagetsi
1095:Aristakes Lastivertsi
1069:Mesrop Vayotsdzoretsi
1054:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
510:Sebeos 1999, p. xxii.
458:Sebeos 2004, p. iii .
439:(Fasc. 1-2): 392–393.
2044:Shahamir Shahamirian
1964:XVII—XVIII centuries
1941:Grigoris Aghtamartsi
1859:Khachatur Kecharetsi
1849:Kostandin Yerznkatsi
1829:Mekhitar of Ayrivank
1814:Sempad the Constable
1744:Ukhtanes of Sebastia
1662:David the Invincible
1634:Faustus of Byzantium
1526:Artashes and Satenik
1167:Mekhitar of Ayrivank
1162:Sempad the Constable
1049:Ukhtanes of Sebastia
908:Faustus of Byzantium
743:Sebeos 1999, p. 293.
248:History of Heraclius
204:Reformed orthography
64:History of Heraclius
38:History and identity
2074:7th-century bishops
2029:Esai Hasan-Jalalian
2019:Khachatur Erzrumtsi
1824:Hovhannes Erznkatsi
1774:Hovhannes Imastaser
1484:Armenian literature
1432:Avetik Baghdasarian
1422:Khachatur Jughaetsi
1392:Esai Hasan-Jalalian
1301:Grigor Daranaghetsi
1270:Hovhanes Arjishetsi
1249:Martiros Yerznkatsi
948:Abraham Mamikoneits
656:The Armenian Review
449:Sebeos 1999, p. xi.
419:Sebeos 2004, p. i .
173:Movses Khorenatsi's
160:Heinrich Hübschmann
156:Stepan Malkhasiants
134:Hamazasp Mamikonian
1931:Arakel Baghishetsi
1921:Hovanes Tlkurantsi
1809:Kirakos of Gandzak
1437:Abraham Yerevantsi
1417:Tovmas Khojamalian
1376:Stepanos Dashtetsi
1371:Vardan Baghishetsi
1366:Gabriel Tokhatetsi
1321:Hovhanes Kamenatsi
1316:Khachgruz Kafaetsi
1285:Hovanisik Tsaretsi
1265:Barsegh Arjishetsi
1239:Abraham Ankyuratsi
1187:Stepanos Episkopos
1157:Kirakos of Gandzak
1152:Hovhanes Avagerets
813:Thomson, Robert W.
796:Պատմութիւն Սեբէոսի
793:Patmutʻiwn Sebēosi
767:Hoyland, Robert G.
236:History of Khosrov
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2034:Simeon Yerevantsi
1954:
1953:
1926:Thomas of Metsoph
1876:
1875:
1869:Terter Yerevantsi
1844:Hayton of Corycus
1794:Nerses of Lambron
1779:Matthew of Edessa
1715:
1714:
1692:Stepanos Syunetsi
1687:John III of Odzun
1672:Komitas Aghtsetsi
1657:
1656:
1639:Movses Khorenatsi
1587:
1586:
1539:
1538:
1450:
1449:
1412:Simeon Yerevantsi
1326:David Baghishetsi
1280:Andreas Evdokatsi
1224:Thomas of Metsoph
1208:Nerses Palianents
1172:Hayton of Corycus
1111:Matthew of Edessa
1064:Aharon Vanandetsi
974:Anania Shirakatsi
913:Movses Khorenatsi
878:Medieval Armenian
244:Robert W. Thomson
152:Kerovbe Patkanian
98:Mamikonian family
68:Robert W. Thomson
2086:
2014:Naghash Hovnatan
2009:Zakaria Sarkavag
1999:Zakaria Aguletsi
1994:Stepanos Lehatsi
1989:Arakel of Tabriz
1960:
1959:
1911:Grigor Khlatetsi
1901:Gregory of Tatev
1886:XV—XVI centuries
1882:
1881:
1854:Gregory of Akner
1839:Gevorg Skevratsi
1834:Stephen Orbelian
1804:Vardan Areveltsi
1764:Grigor Magistros
1759:Stepanos Asoghik
1754:Gregory of Narek
1721:
1720:
1649:Hovhan Mandakuni
1604:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1545:
1544:
1531:David of Sassoun
1496:Epic and legends
1492:
1491:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1407:Abraham Kretatsi
1341:Zakaria Aguletsi
1336:Zakaria Sarkavag
1311:Arakel of Tabriz
1275:Simeon Aparantsi
1192:Stephen Orbelian
1177:Gregory of Akner
1147:Vardan Areveltsi
1090:Hakob Sanahnetsi
1085:Stepanos Asoghik
1023:Shapuh Bagratuni
979:Anastas Vardapet
943:Atanas Taronatsi
930:
871:
864:
857:
848:
847:
830:
807:
786:
753:
750:
744:
741:
732:
714:
707:
701:
698:
692:
691:
671:
665:
664:
652:
640:
634:
631:
625:
622:
616:
613:
607:
604:
598:
597:
595:
593:
570:
562:
556:
553:
547:
546:
540:
532:
522:
511:
508:
502:
499:
493:
492:
468:
459:
456:
450:
447:
441:
440:
426:
420:
417:
408:
405:
399:
396:
390:
387:
381:
379:
377:
375:
364:Yarshater, Ehsan
355:
336:
333:
327:
326:
305:
299:
298:
273:
251:
228:
222:
218:
212:
211:
210:
201:
196:
195:
189:
175:history (1978).
149:
129:Muslim conquests
110:
108:
29:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2048:
1984:Simeon Jugaetsi
1965:
1950:
1936:Mkrtich Naghash
1916:Arakel Syunetsi
1906:Mateos Jugaetsi
1896:John of Vorotan
1887:
1872:
1799:Vardan Aygektsi
1726:
1725:X—XIV centuries
1711:
1677:John Mamikonean
1653:
1644:Ghazar Parpetsi
1598:
1583:
1550:
1535:
1497:
1486:
1481:
1451:
1446:
1442:Stepanos Yerets
1427:Isahak Vardapet
1402:Stepanos Roshka
1380:
1289:
1253:
1244:David Merdintsi
1229:Kirakos Banaser
1212:
1196:
1135:
1099:
1073:
1027:
1011:
1007:Abraham Vanakan
990:
969:John Mamikonean
952:
931:
922:
918:Ghazar Parpetsi
881:
875:
841:Sebeos' History
837:
827:
811:
797:
790:
783:
765:
762:
760:Further reading
757:
756:
751:
747:
742:
735:
711:Sebeos' History
709:
708:
704:
699:
695:
688:
672:
668:
650:
646:(Summer 1975).
641:
637:
632:
628:
623:
619:
614:
610:
605:
601:
591:
589:
587:
563:
559:
554:
550:
534:
533:
528:Sebeos' History
525:Sebeos (1985).
523:
514:
509:
505:
500:
496:
488:Primary History
480:Primary History
470:
469:
462:
457:
453:
448:
444:
427:
423:
418:
411:
406:
402:
397:
393:
388:
384:
373:
371:
356:
339:
334:
330:
323:
314:
308:Sebeos (2004).
306:
302:
295:
274:
265:
260:
255:
254:
229:
225:
219:
215:
190:
186:
181:
169:Primary History
164:Frédéric Macler
142:
105:
94:Primary History
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Paghtasar Dpir
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Simeon Lehatsi
1976:
1974:Nerses Mokatsi
1970:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1946:Nahapet Kuchak
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Tovma Artsruni
1731:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:Davtak Kertogh
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1597:V—IX centuries
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
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24:Old Armenian
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1516:Tork Angegh
1016:9th century
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886:5th century
313:Պատմություն
82:Constans II
44:Matenadaran
2063:Categories
2039:Sayat-Nova
1702:Sahakdukht
1607:Golden age
1234:Sebastatsi
1059:Zenob Glak
723:(vol. 1),
310:Patmutʻyun
258:References
240:Khosrow II
113:Khosrow II
102:Hormizd IV
77:Mu'awiya I
2079:Heraclius
731:(vol. 2).
537:cite book
432:Le Muséon
232:Heraclius
158:in 1913.
34:history.
1629:Yeghishe
1559:Sharakan
903:Yeghishe
815:(1995).
804:12665693
769:(1997).
715:2 vols.
592:7 August
568:"Sebeos"
374:7 August
360:"Sebeos"
279:(1999).
52:Eusebius
32:Armenian
1697:Ghevond
1579:Horovel
484:History
366:(ed.).
1667:Sebeos
1614:Koryun
1574:Antuni
1569:Hayren
1549:Genres
1511:Vahagn
1002:Łewond
964:Sebeos
893:Koryun
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209:Սեբեոս
199:Sebios
194:Սեբիոս
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28:Սեբէոս
20:Sebeos
651:(PDF)
362:. In
179:Notes
1819:Frik
1564:Tagh
821:ISBN
800:OCLC
777:ISBN
725:ISBN
717:ISBN
682:ISBN
594:2024
581:ISBN
543:link
376:2024
317:ISBN
289:ISBN
90:Hayk
437:115
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104:(
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