212:
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60:
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is also used. These options should be used on a daily basis but may also be used in conjunction with a ketoconazole shampoo regimen on alternate days. It is unclear if other antifungals are equally effective as this has not been sufficiently studied. Antifungals that have been studied and found to be
670:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis can look similar to other skin conditions that share its characteristic dry, flaky, scaly, and inflamed appearance but have different causes and treatments. Physicians use the history of the individual with the skin condition as well as other tests to identify which disorder is
641:
Typically, seborrhoeic dermatitis is a clinical diagnosis based on a physician's expertise in identifying and differentiating skin conditions based on the history of the individual and the appearance of the skin. However, seborrhoeic dermatitis may also be diagnosed with additional testing. The least
603:
are responsible for high frequency of seborrheic dermatitis. Others suggest hot environments may also worsen seborrhoeic dermatitis. Yet another described that high humidity and low UV exposure are culpable. Dry skin and an impaired skin barrier contribute to the condition. It is likely that climate
363:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis' symptoms are typically mild and appear gradually but are often persistent, lasting weeks to years. Individuals with seborrhoeic dermatitis are subject to recurrent bouts and it may be a lifelong condition. Seborrhoeic dermatitis can also occur quickly and severely in patients
1098:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects 1 to 5% of the general population. It is slightly more common in men, but affected women tend to have more severe symptoms. The condition usually recurs throughout a person's lifetime. Seborrhoeic dermatitis can occur in any age group but often occurs during the first
928:
therapy. Calcineurin inhibitors were also effective in reducing growth of
Malassezia, offering two routes by which they may treat seborrhoeic dermatitis. Medications such as the calcineurin inhibitors should not be used in individuals with seborrhoeic dermatitis who are immune compromised because
355:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp can appear similarly to dandruff. When the scalp is affected, there can be associated temporary hair loss. Such hair loss varies in appearance from diffuse thinning to patchy areas of hair loss. On close inspection, the locations where hair has thinned may have
351:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis typically appears as dry, white, flaky skin. The flakes can be fine, loose, and diffuse or thick and adherent. Additionally, flakes can appear yellow and oily or greasy. In addition to flaky skin, seborrhoeic dermatitis can have areas of red, inflamed, and itchy skin that
624:
A suggested series of events leading to seborrhoeic dermatitis are initial damaged skin barrier and abnormal sebum production which leads to a change in the microbiome of the skin that in turn elicits an immune response. An alternative explanation is an increase in sebum production feeding an
310:
The condition is common in infants within the first three months of age or in adults aged 30 to 70 years. It tends to affect more males. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is more common in
African Americans, among individuals who are immune compromised, such as with HIV, and individuals with Parkinson's
1035:
Bicalutamide, an antiandrogen, has been observed in one patient to have potentially been the cause of seborrheic dermatitis relief. However, even if it were demonstrated that bicalutamide or any other antiandrogen is a treatment, it is not recommended due to side effects and price. Usage of
359:
Various locations can be affected by seborrhoeic dermatitis. Commonly affected areas include the face, ears, scalp, and across the body. It is less common in intertriginous areas, which are areas where the skin folds and comes into contact with itself, such as the groin or underarm.
383:, genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-system factors are necessary for and/or modulate the expression of seborrhoeic dermatitis. The condition may be aggravated by illness, psychological stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, change of season, and reduced general health.
620:
and their byproducts. Additional factors involved in the condition are a compromised skin barrier, the makeup and amount of sebum produced, the character of the immune response and inflammation, and the presence of other microbes species inhabiting the skin.
2015:
Paradisi R, Fabbri R, Porcu E, Battaglia C, Seracchioli R, Venturoli S (October 2011). "Retrospective, observational study on the effects and tolerability of flutamide in a large population of patients with acne and seborrhea over a 15-year period".
765:, among others. Treatments must take into consideration potential side effects, especially with long-term use given the chronic nature of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Initial therapy is usually a topical preparation with an agreeable side effect profile.
1099:
three months of life then again at puberty and peaks in incidence at around 40 years of age. It can reportedly affect as many as 31% of older people. Infants may also have this condition, though it is typically milder, and is referred to as
1089:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is generally a chronic and recurring condition. Individuals may have the condition for several weeks to months, but it may also last years or their lifetime. There may be periods of relapse and worsening.
246:
due to the dry, flaky character of the skin. However, as dandruff may refer to any dryness or scaling of the scalp, not all dandruff is seborrhoeic dermatitis. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is sometimes inaccurately referred to as
2851:
2836:
2951:
522:
Several bacteria, including
Propionibacterium species and Staphylococcus aureus, have been shown to have some level of interaction with seborrhoeic dermatitis, though their exact impact is not known.
2449:
de Souza Leão
Kamamoto C, Sanudo A, Hassun KM, Bagatin E (January 2017). "Low-dose oral isotretinoin for moderate to severe seborrhea and seborrheic dermatitis: a randomized comparative trial".
1113:
Individuals who are immune compromised have increased risk of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Conditions that are associated with increased rates of seborrhoeic dermatitis include individuals with HIV,
612:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a complex condition with many interacting factors that are not yet fully explained. In general, the major factors that influence the development and severity include
982:
shampoo formulations can be effective. Although no significant increased risk of cancer in human treatment with coal tar shampoos has been found, caution is advised since coal tar is
356:
broken stubs of hair and pustules around the hair follicles. Individuals with more pigmented skin tones may experience increased or decreased skin pigmentation in affected areas.
2944:
1197:
1781:
2552:
Calzavara-Pinton PG, Venturini M, Sala R (January 2005). "A comprehensive overview of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of superficial fungal infections of the skin".
4493:
595:
Climate can affect seborrheic dermatitis, but there is a lack of consensus about which climates tend to exacerbate seborrheic dermatitis the most. Some studies show low
629:
population that instigates inflammation; the inflammation then causes cellular changes that damage the skin barrier. This barrier disruption then encourages additional
2937:
1121:, and alcohol abuse. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is common in people with alcoholism, between 7 and 11 percent, which is twice the normal expected occurrence.
2525:
Wikler JR, Janssen N, Bruynzeel DP, Nieboer C (1990). "The effect of UV-light on pityrosporum yeasts: ultrastructural changes and inhibition of growth".
1534:
908:
have been shown to be effective in short-term treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis and are as effective or more effective than antifungal treatment with
2369:"Antiinflammatory properties of cetirizine in a human contact dermatitis model. Clinical evaluation of patch tests is not hampered by antihistamines"
580:
962:
help the skin via exfoliation built-up skin flakes and thereby remove scale. They are applied topically to the affected area. Keratolytics include
1448:
1002:. However, isotretinoin has potentially serious side effects, and few patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis are appropriate candidates for therapy.
4486:
4032:
3444:
2647:
Your Best
Medicine: From Conventional and Complementary Medicine--Expert-Endorsed Therapeutic Solutions to Relieve Symptoms and Speed Healing
2493:
254:
The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis include
4610:
2733:
2697:
2661:
2142:
2719:
Smart
Medicine for Your Skin: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Conventional and Alternative Therapies to Heal Common Skin Problems
4479:
490:
appears to be the significant factor in seborrhoeic dermatitis but it is thought that other factors are necessary for the presence of
1189:
1145:
Dessinioti C, Katsambas A (Jul–Aug 2013). "Seborrheic dermatitis: etiology, risk factors, and treatments: facts and controversies".
2070:
Mangion SE, Mackenzie L, Roberts MS, Holmes AM (April 2023). "Seborrheic dermatitis: topical therapeutics and formulation design".
1777:
868:
appears to have little effectiveness in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Systemic therapy with oral antifungals including
238:, face, and chest. It can result in social or self-esteem problems. In babies, when the scalp is primarily involved, it is called
2813:
3751:
896:
is said to be effective, but with adverse side effects, while other sources state it is not effective and should not be used.
2727:
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1925:
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A variety of different types of medications are able to reduce symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis. These include certain
1880:
4190:
3533:
3434:
3543:
2324:
Gupta AK, Richardson M, Paquet M (January 2014). "Systematic review of oral treatments for seborrheic dermatitis".
1029:
Frequent washing to avoid the build-up of scale, especially on the scalp, but while avoiding overly drying the skin
912:. These sometimes are used for only a few weeks at a time. There is also evidence for the effectiveness of topical
936:, has been used in short courses for seborrhoeic dermatitis, as a last resort due to its potential side effects.
671:
present. Other conditions that may be confused with seborrhoeic dermatitis based on appearance are listed below.
616:
yeast presents on and in the skin, skin production of oily sebum, and a subsequent inflammatory response against
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226:. Symptoms include flaky, scaly, greasy, and occasionally itchy and inflamed skin. Areas of the skin rich in
2408:
Roelofzen JH, Aben KK, Oldenhof UT, Coenraads PJ, Alkemade HA, van de
Kerkhof PC, et al. (April 2010).
951:, if present. However, research studies suggest that some antihistamines have anti-inflammatory properties.
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3617:
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3238:
161:
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2115:
Therapeutic Use of
Medicinal Plants and their Extracts: Volume 2: Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds
1244:
Borda LJ, Perper M, Keri JE (March 2019). "Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: a comprehensive review".
5203:
4212:
4167:
3965:
3685:
1440:
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in the skin alone does not result in seborrhoeic dermatitis. Besides antifungals, the effectiveness of
17:
2165:"Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life of Seborrheic Dermatitis Patients in a Tropical Country"
280:. Diagnosis is typically clinical and based on the symptoms present. The condition is not contagious.
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725:
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Severity is worse in dry climates as well as hot weather as dry skin can exacerbate the condition.
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187:
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4836:
4137:
3995:
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are effective. Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp is often treated with shampoo preparations of
5100:
3970:
3882:
1118:
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have the best evidence. Ketoconazole should be used twice per week. Shampoo or soap containing
650:
can also be used, where skin scraping of the affected skin may also be taken and prepared with
576:
499:
284:
263:
259:
183:
140:
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2717:
2681:
2645:
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Kastarinen H, Oksanen T, Okokon EO, Kiviniemi VV, Airola K, Jyrkkä J, et al. (May 2014).
2138:
998:, a sebosuppressive agent, may be used to reduce sebaceous gland activity as a last resort in
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4689:
4630:
4348:
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3799:
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3001:
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913:
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572:
531:
392:
33:
5165:
4866:
4797:
4698:
4394:
4253:
3218:
3016:
2991:
2561:
2410:"No increased risk of cancer after coal tar treatment in patients with psoriasis or eczema"
2367:
Grob JJ, Castelain M, Richard MA, Bonniol JP, Béraud V, Adhoute H, et al. (May 1998).
1062:
1046:
1018:
925:
850:
267:
115:
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of the affected skin may be taken to attempt to grow and identify the causative organism.
8:
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3658:
3253:
3213:
3133:
3123:
2855:
2747:
Ooi ET, Tidman MJ (February 2014). "Improving the management of seborrhoeic dermatitis".
651:
211:
2565:
2249:
2224:
1566:
Okokon EO, Verbeek JH, Ruotsalainen JH, Ojo OA, Bakhoya VN (May 2015). Okokon EO (ed.).
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2041:
1992:
1967:
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1400:
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1158:
1036:
antiandrogens of any kind to relieve the issue is, as of yet, speculative or anecdotal.
846:
801:
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84:
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1997:
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255:
149:
130:
123:
119:
72:
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coincide with the area of skin flaking, but not all individuals have this symptom.
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1579:
1412:
1325:
1253:
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774:
710:
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560:
2274:"Topical anti-inflammatory agents for seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face or scalp"
1257:
5217:
5160:
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4421:
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59:
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3990:
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3897:
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2083:
1983:
1746:
1729:
1110:
related mask usage may also cause or exacerbate facial seborrhoeic dermatitis.
967:
905:
750:
695:
474:
440:
species in skin affected by seborrhoeic dermatitis and on the effectiveness of
5227:
5155:
5020:
4769:
4623:
4248:
4197:
4162:
4127:
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3950:
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3735:
3602:
3462:
3414:
3346:
3318:
2181:
1945:
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986:
in animals, and heavy human occupational exposures do increase cancer risks.
944:
822:
762:
691:
223:
153:
2845:
2385:
2368:
2223:
Leroy AK, Cortez de
Almeida RF, Obadia DL, Frattini S, Melo DF (June 2023).
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2001:
1968:"A Review of hormone-based therapies to treat adult acne vulgaris in women"
1941:
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995:
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530:
Seborrhoeic dermatitis-like eruptions are also associated with pyridoxine (
503:
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468:
300:
292:
195:
2538:
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1907:
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959:
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700:
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110:
77:
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335:
222:(also spelled seborrheic dermatitis in American English) is a long-term
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to result in the seborrhoeic dermatitis. For example, summer growth of
462:
441:
397:
296:
272:
248:
242:. Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp may be described in lay terms as
239:
178:
171:
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1836:
1819:
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4541:
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3910:
3674:
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3233:
3138:
2973:
2959:
2912:
2613:
2596:
2139:"Seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff (seborrheic eczema). DermNet NZ"
686:
564:
450:
145:
2222:
327:
319:
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979:
971:
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and weather variations affect the water and lipid content of skin.
596:
429:
243:
191:
633:
growth and inflammation and again worsened skin barrier function.
376:
The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis has not been fully clarified.
4304:
3784:
3638:
3548:
3467:
3454:
3404:
3333:
3057:
3052:
3047:
999:
948:
892:, with its good safety profile, is the most commonly prescribed.
781:
277:
157:
2271:
1032:
Avoiding damaging skin with harsh grooming or chemical irritants
880:
is effective, but adverse side effects have been documented for
4680:
3396:
3341:
3108:
3103:
3077:
2986:
2840:
2808:
1894:
Janniger CK, Schwartz RA (July 1995). "Seborrheic dermatitis".
1818:
Wikramanayake TC, Borda LJ, Miteva M, Paus R (September 2019).
584:
548:
368:(HIV). In fact, this is sometimes the first indication of HIV.
215:
Cradle cap, which is seborrhoeic dermatitis of the infant scalp
2407:
2326:
Journal of the
European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
1531:"Seborrheic Dermatitis: What is It, Diagnosis & Treatment"
1103:. Seborrhoeic dermatitis is more common in African-Americans.
3062:
2551:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2069:
909:
805:
effective in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis include
785:
507:
433:
421:
413:
405:
401:
276:
yeast is believed to play a role. It is not a result of poor
235:
231:
227:
2014:
1817:
1565:
1353:
1316:
Ijaz N, Fitzgerald D (June 2017). "Seborrhoeic dermatitis".
4685:
4501:
4299:
3643:
3162:
2981:
2494:"Bicalutamide: A Novel Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis?"
2366:
963:
642:
invasive test is a visual inspection in the clinic using a
425:
417:
409:
2515:
1728:
Jackson JM, Alexis A, Zirwas M, Taylor S (December 2022).
1505:
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ (2023). "Dermatitis, Seborrheic".
788:
is a common treatment. The topical antifungal medications
1727:
1074:
568:
365:
2686:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 534–.
2643:
2501:
Scientific Research and Community - Open Access Journals
2644:
Goldstein MA, Goldstein MC, Credit LP (17 March 2009).
2595:
Maisch T, Szeimies RM, Jori G, Abels C (October 2004).
2594:
2637:
2554:
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology
2072:
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
1923:
1354:
Nobles T, Harberger S, Krishnamurthy K (August 2021).
5201:
2323:
2162:
1730:"Unmet needs for patients with seborrheic dermatitis"
89:
Flaking, dry or greasy, red, itchy, and inflamed skin
53:
Sebopsoriasis, seborrhoeic eczema, pityriasis capitis
2818:
2680:
Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI (2 December 2009).
1965:
654:(KOH) and visualized under a microscope to look for
2679:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2597:"Antibacterial photodynamic therapy in dermatology"
1144:
2773:
2319:
2317:
2225:"Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis: What We Know So Far"
2163:Araya M, Kulthanan K, Jiamton S (September 2015).
2008:
1959:
544:) deficiency. In children and babies, issues with
436:. This is based on observations of high counts of
2960:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
1924:Schwartz RA, Janusz CA, Janniger CK (July 2006).
1820:"Seborrheic dermatitis-Looking beyond Malassezia"
888:, with the latter not recommended for use, while
5225:
2668:
1893:
1568:"Topical antifungals for seborrhoeic dermatitis"
1190:"Seborrheic Dermatitis - Dermatologic Disorders"
658:or other microbiological cells. Additionally, a
347:Seborrhoeic dermatitis on the eyebrows and scalp
2314:
1966:Trivedi MK, Shinkai K, Murase JE (March 2017).
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1504:
1362:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1243:
932:Oral immunosuppressive treatment, such as with
899:
575:that may impact immune system function such as
2711:
2709:
2707:
1734:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
1315:
510:production, provide further insights into the
391:The condition is thought to be due to a local
4487:
4026:
3445:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
2945:
1858:
1660:Habif's Clinical Dermatology, Seventh Edition
1398:
448:implicated in Seborrhoeic dermatitis include
3099:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
2740:
2601:Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
1972:International Journal of Women's Dermatology
1852:
1796:
1770:
1507:Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
1081:fungus and reduce seborrhoeic inflammation.
2704:
2278:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1572:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4494:
4480:
4033:
4019:
2952:
2938:
1349:
1347:
1239:
1237:
1235:
551:have been correlated with increased risk.
58:
4040:
2746:
2612:
2425:
2384:
2297:
2248:
2190:
2180:
1991:
1835:
1745:
1591:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1416:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1051:Another option is natural and artificial
665:
323:Seborrhoeic dermatitis on upper face/head
2414:The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
1509:(2023 ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
978:, pyrithione zinc and propylene glycol.
342:
334:
326:
318:
210:
2715:
2112:
1919:
1917:
1784:from the original on September 25, 2011
1657:
1344:
1246:The Journal of Dermatological Treatment
929:they cause further immune suppression.
14:
5226:
3752:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2485:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1548:
1385:
1212:
1173:
1131:
444:in treating the condition. Species of
331:Seborrhoeic dermatitis on the shoulder
4606:Selenium disulfide (selenium sulfide)
4475:
4014:
2933:
2700:from the original on 5 November 2017.
2664:from the original on 5 November 2017.
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1533:. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Clinic.
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1401:"Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp"
1280:
554:
314:
4354:Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus
2451:International Journal of Dermatology
1926:"Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview"
1914:
1861:"Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis"
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:from the original on 21 October 2017
1318:British Journal of Hospital Medicine
1200:from the original on 26 January 2020
755:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
4118:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
1055:since it can inhibit the growth of
989:
24:
4191:Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
3577:
3534:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
2442:
2207:
2052:
1859:Johnson BA, Nunley JR (May 2000).
1676:
1608:
1194:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
1159:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.001
67:Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face
25:
5245:
4616:Zinc pyrithione (pyrithione zinc)
3435:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
2802:
2780:Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica
2774:Kostović K, Lipozencić J (2004).
2503:. Journal of Dermatology Research
1463:
939:
502:, which reduce inflammation, and
339:Seborrhoeic dermatitis on eyelids
283:The typical treatment is topical
234:are often affected including the
5211:
3544:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
2807:
2736:from the original on 2017-11-05.
2574:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.06.006
1883:from the original on 2010-07-06.
1399:Naldi L, Diphoorn J (May 2015).
266:. The condition may worsen with
4576:Ciclopirox olamine (ciclopirox)
3554:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
2767:
2588:
2545:
2401:
2360:
2265:
2156:
2145:from the original on 2012-06-15
2131:
2106:
1887:
1537:from the original on 2021-10-17
1445:American Academy of Dermatology
1374:from the original on 2021-01-21
1093:
1077:light to inhibit the growth of
1040:
954:
579:(for which the condition is an
379:In addition to the presence of
4228:Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis
4186:Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis
3795:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
3503:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
3129:Infantile digital fibromatosis
2290:10.1002/14651858.CD009446.pub2
1662:(7th ed.). Elsevier Inc.
1584:10.1002/14651858.CD008138.pub3
1523:
1433:
768:
736:
587:are particularly prone to it.
13:
1:
4437:substances taken internally:
4276:Nutritional deficiency eczema
4082:Pityriasis simplex capillitii
3387:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
3224:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
2776:"Skin diseases in alcoholics"
2169:Indian Journal of Dermatology
1258:10.1080/09546634.2018.1473554
1124:
947:are used primarily to reduce
731:
4235:Autosensitization dermatitis
4123:African blackwood dermatitis
3863:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3618:Systemic lupus erythematosus
3309:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2141:. . DermNet NZ. 2012-03-20.
2030:10.3109/09513590.2010.526664
1740:(3): S0190–9622(22)03307–2.
900:Anti-inflammatory treatments
636:
607:
525:
366:Human Immunodeficiency Virus
162:systemic lupus erythematosus
7:
4461:Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
4266:Juvenile plantar dermatosis
3144:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
2491:
2018:Gynecological Endocrinology
1330:10.12968/hmed.2017.78.6.C88
517:
514:of seborrhoeic dermatitis.
205:~5% (adults), ~10% (babies)
10:
5250:
4213:Topical steroid withdrawal
4168:Protein contact dermatitis
3966:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
2722:. Penguin. pp. 271–.
2527:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
2373:Acta Dermato-Venereologica
2084:10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.023
1984:10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.02.018
1747:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.12.017
1117:, alcoholic pancreatitis,
1084:
1044:
590:
31:
5008:
4942:
4909:Potassium channel openers
4835:
4783:
4760:
4732:
4515:
4430:
4294:
4281:Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
4176:
4095:
4072:
4049:
3929:
3896:
3840:
3825:
3816:
3773:
3744:
3723:
3714:
3667:
3626:
3595:
3584:
3566:
3511:
3453:
3395:
3332:
3252:
3181:
3170:
3161:
3076:
3040:
2972:
2965:
2892:
2822:
2650:. Rodale. pp. 462–.
2117:. Springer. p. 435.
1930:American Family Physician
1896:American Family Physician
1865:American Family Physician
726:Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
371:
201:
177:
167:
139:
129:
109:
101:
97:Several weeks to lifelong
93:
83:
71:
66:
57:
49:
44:
4313:Lichen simplex chronicus
3731:Thrombocytopenic purpura
3377:Dermatitis herpetiformis
3362:Acute contact dermatitis
3314:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
3239:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
3209:Lichen simplex chronicus
3089:Epidermal inclusion cyst
2607:(10). rsc.org: 907–917.
2229:Skin Appendage Disorders
2182:10.4103/0019-5154.164410
1824:Experimental Dermatology
747:anti-inflammatory agents
386:
289:anti-inflammatory agents
188:anti-inflammatory agents
32:Not to be confused with
5106:Glycopyrronium tosylate
5021:Aminobenzoate potassium
4953:5α-Reductase inhibitors
4901:Topilutamide (fluridil)
4846:5α-Reductase inhibitors
4821:Topical corticosteroids
4718:Topical corticosteroids
4138:Abietic acid dermatitis
3996:Squamous-cell carcinoma
3991:Systemic histoplasmosis
3382:Porphyria cutanea tarda
3012:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2386:10.1080/000155598441512
1441:"Seborrheic dermatitis"
500:anti-inflammatory drugs
5101:Glycopyrronium bromide
4944:Hair growth inhibitors
4631:Calcineurin inhibitors
3971:Cicatricial pemphigoid
3888:Acne keloidalis nuchae
3883:Folliculitis decalvans
2814:Seborrhoeic dermatitis
2683:Textbook of Aging Skin
1871:(9): 2703–10, 2713–4.
1147:Clinics in Dermatology
1073:laser or red and blue
1061:yeast. Some recommend
914:calcineurin inhibitors
666:Differential diagnosis
573:neurological disorders
348:
340:
332:
324:
270:or during the winter.
264:alcoholic pancreatitis
220:Seborrhoeic dermatitis
216:
141:Differential diagnosis
45:Seborrhoeic dermatitis
5234:Seborrheic dermatitis
4690:urea-containing cream
4349:Drug-induced pruritus
4074:Seborrheic dermatitis
3873:Loose anagen syndrome
3800:Necrobiosis lipoidica
3736:Actinic/solar purpura
3410:Insect bite reactions
3199:Seborrheic dermatitis
3022:Merkel-cell carcinoma
3002:Molluscum contagiosum
2816:at Wikimedia Commons
1902:(1): 149–55, 159–60.
1405:BMJ Clinical Evidence
1005:Topical 0.75% and 1%
393:inflammatory response
346:
338:
330:
322:
214:
34:Seborrhoeic keratosis
5166:Pregnenolone acetate
4867:Saw palmetto extract
4395:Cholestatic pruritus
4385:due to liver disease
4254:Molluscum dermatitis
3696:Annulare centrifugum
3219:Glucagonoma syndrome
3017:Basal-cell carcinoma
2992:Seborrheic keratosis
2427:10.1038/jid.2009.389
1063:photodynamic therapy
1047:Photodynamic therapy
412:areas including the
256:poor immune function
120:poor immune function
118:, dry skin, winter,
4983:Cyproterone acetate
4886:Cyproterone acetate
4837:Alopecia treatments
4785:Anti-inflammatories
4566:Cetrimonium bromide
4537:Cyproterone acetate
4451:Nummular dermatitis
4444:Fixed drug reaction
4261:Circumostomy eczema
4059:Prurigo gestationis
3941:Aphthous stomatitis
3878:Lichen planopilaris
3853:Androgenic alopecia
3659:Fixed drug eruption
3234:Pemphigus foliaceus
3134:Granular cell tumor
2566:2005JPPB...78....1C
2113:Alamgir AN (2018).
1658:Dinulos JG (2021).
1119:Parkinson's disease
1026:Cannabidiol shampoo
652:potassium hydroxide
577:Parkinson's disease
260:Parkinson's disease
4407:Prurigo pigmentosa
4366:Aquagenic pruritus
4158:Contact stomatitis
4097:Contact dermatitis
3961:Pemphigus vulgaris
3790:Granuloma annulare
3654:Carcinoid syndrome
3539:Tuberous sclerosis
3498:Coccidioidomycosis
3372:Bullous pemphigoid
3367:Pemphigus vulgaris
3299:Secondary syphilis
3189:Contact dermatitis
2893:External resources
2716:Jacknin J (2001).
1000:refractory disease
847:selenium disulfide
802:selenium disulfide
773:Regular use of an
682:Contact dermatitis
555:Immune dysfunction
537:) and riboflavin (
457:Pityrosporum ovale
349:
341:
333:
325:
315:Signs and symptoms
217:
5199:
5198:
5136:Magnesium sulfate
5116:Hydrogen peroxide
5051:Calcium gluconate
4710:Lithium succinate
4705:Lithium gluconate
4601:Piroctone olamine
4469:
4468:
4380:Adult blaschkitis
4317:Prurigo nodularis
4208:Eyelid dermatitis
4148:Airbag dermatitis
4051:Atopic dermatitis
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3848:Telogen effluvium
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3710:
3709:
3562:
3561:
3430:Lichen spinulosus
3425:Keratosis pilaris
3304:Mycosis fungoides
3204:Stasis dermatitis
3194:Atopic dermatitis
3157:
3156:
3032:Trichoepithelioma
3007:Actinic keratosis
2927:
2926:
2812:Media related to
2755:(1768): 23–6, 3.
2729:978-1-58333-098-2
2693:978-3-540-89655-5
2657:978-1-60529-656-2
2463:10.1111/ijd.13408
2338:10.1111/jdv.12197
2241:10.1159/000529854
2124:978-3-319-92387-1
1837:10.1111/exd.14006
1669:978-0-323-61269-2
1516:978-1-264-68734-3
859:lithium succinate
855:lithium gluconate
676:Atopic dermatitis
395:to overgrowth by
209:
208:
150:atopic dermatitis
135:Based on symptoms
131:Diagnostic method
124:Parkinson disease
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5241:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5076:Deoxycholic acid
5066:Cromoglicic acid
4517:Anti-seborrheics
4496:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4417:Puncta pruritica
4390:Biliary pruritus
4035:
4028:
4021:
4012:
4011:
3946:Oral candidiasis
3823:
3822:
3721:
3720:
3649:Erythema nodosum
3593:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3519:Tinea versicolor
3357:Bullous impetigo
3294:Pityriasis rosea
3229:Lichen sclerosus
3214:Darier's disease
3179:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3124:Kaposi's sarcoma
2970:
2969:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2796:
2795:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2749:The Practitioner
2744:
2738:
2737:
2713:
2702:
2701:
2677:
2666:
2665:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2616:
2614:10.1039/B407622B
2592:
2586:
2585:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2220:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2184:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2067:
2050:
2049:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1944:. Archived from
1921:
1912:
1911:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1815:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1749:
1725:
1674:
1673:
1655:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1563:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1502:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1313:
1278:
1277:
1241:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1186:
1171:
1170:
1142:
990:Other treatments
777:or prescription
775:over-the-counter
711:Pityriasis rosea
706:Tinea versicolor
625:increase in the
561:immunodeficiency
291:. Specifically,
285:antifungal cream
184:Antifungal cream
105:Multiple factors
62:
42:
41:
21:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5200:
5195:
5161:Povidone-iodine
5111:Hyaluronic acid
5036:Benzoylperoxide
5004:
4938:
4831:
4779:
4756:
4734:Skin lightening
4728:
4511:
4500:
4470:
4465:
4456:Pityriasis alba
4426:
4422:Uremic pruritus
4412:Prurigo simplex
4361:Senile pruritus
4337:Pruritus vulvae
4332:Pruritus scroti
4303:
4290:
4271:Nummular eczema
4172:
4153:Baboon syndrome
4099:
4091:
4068:
4045:
4039:
4009:
4000:
3932:
3925:
3892:
3858:Alopecia areata
3836:
3818:
3804:
3761:
3740:
3716:
3706:
3663:
3622:
3608:Viral exanthems
3586:
3570:
3568:
3558:
3529:Pityriasis alba
3507:
3449:
3391:
3328:
3248:
3244:Zinc deficiency
3174:
3172:
3153:
3081:
3072:
3036:
3027:Nevus sebaceous
2961:
2958:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2888:
2887:
2831:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2772:
2768:
2745:
2741:
2730:
2714:
2705:
2694:
2678:
2669:
2658:
2642:
2638:
2593:
2589:
2550:
2546:
2523:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2447:
2443:
2406:
2402:
2365:
2361:
2322:
2315:
2284:(5): CD009446.
2270:
2266:
2221:
2208:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2068:
2053:
2024:(10): 823–829.
2013:
2009:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1922:
1915:
1892:
1888:
1857:
1853:
1830:(9): 991–1001.
1816:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1726:
1677:
1670:
1656:
1609:
1578:(5): CD008138.
1564:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1503:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1397:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1352:
1345:
1314:
1281:
1242:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1188:
1187:
1174:
1143:
1132:
1127:
1096:
1087:
1049:
1043:
992:
957:
942:
906:corticosteroids
902:
798:zinc pyrithione
771:
751:corticosteroids
739:
734:
668:
639:
610:
593:
557:
542:
535:
528:
520:
512:pathophysiology
506:, which reduce
389:
374:
317:
305:zinc pyrithione
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5247:
5237:
5236:
5221:
5220:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4993:Spironolactone
4990:
4985:
4980:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4948:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4896:Spironolactone
4893:
4888:
4883:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4826:hydrocortisone
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4798:Gamolenic acid
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4762:Skin darkening
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4723:hydrocortisone
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4683:
4678:
4676:Salicylic acid
4673:
4668:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4627:
4624:Antihistamines
4620:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4547:Spironolactone
4544:
4539:
4534:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4506:preparations (
4504:dermatological
4499:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4476:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4402:Prion pruritus
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4363:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4345:
4344:
4342:Scalp pruritus
4339:
4334:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4286:Xerotic eczema
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4111:
4109:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Coxsackievirus
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3698:
3693:
3691:Gyratum repens
3688:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3613:Toxic erythema
3610:
3605:
3603:Drug eruptions
3599:
3597:
3590:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3440:Lichen nitidus
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:Herpes simplex
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3176:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2874:
2863:
2848:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:Classification
2804:
2803:External links
2801:
2798:
2797:
2786:(3): 181–190.
2766:
2739:
2728:
2703:
2692:
2667:
2656:
2636:
2587:
2544:
2514:
2484:
2441:
2420:(4): 953–961.
2400:
2379:(3): 194–197.
2359:
2313:
2264:
2235:(3): 160–164.
2206:
2155:
2130:
2123:
2105:
2051:
2007:
1958:
1936:(1): 125–130.
1913:
1886:
1851:
1795:
1769:
1675:
1668:
1607:
1547:
1522:
1515:
1462:
1432:
1384:
1343:
1324:(6): C88–C91.
1279:
1252:(2): 158–169.
1211:
1172:
1153:(4): 343–351.
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
991:
988:
968:salicylic acid
956:
953:
945:Antihistamines
941:
940:Antihistamines
938:
901:
898:
770:
767:
763:antihistamines
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
696:tinea corporis
689:
684:
679:
667:
664:
660:fungal culture
638:
635:
609:
606:
592:
589:
581:autonomic sign
556:
553:
540:
533:
527:
524:
519:
516:
475:M. sympodialis
388:
385:
373:
370:
316:
313:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
181:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
143:
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
113:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
64:
63:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5246:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5219:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5156:Oxymetazoline
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4972:Antiandrogens
4969:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4875:Antiandrogens
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4770:Afamelanotide
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4699:Lithium salts
4696:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4526:Antiandrogens
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4249:Dermatophytid
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4198:Breast eczema
4196:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Metal allergy
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4128:Tulip fingers
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4064:Sweat allergy
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4013:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Lichen planus
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Onychomycosis
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:Tinea capitis
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3817:Miscellaneous
3815:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:Nonblanchable
3713:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3565:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:Hypopigmented
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3463:Acne vulgaris
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:Lichen planus
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:Herpes zoster
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Parapsoriasis
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2519:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2198:
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1948:on 2020-01-26
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1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:sulfacetamide
1016:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:Metronidazole
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
993:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
952:
950:
946:
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935:
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927:
923:
919:
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911:
907:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
851:lithium salts
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:sertaconazole
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
776:
766:
764:
760:
759:antiandrogens
756:
752:
748:
744:
727:
724:
722:
721:Drug reaction
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
693:
692:Tinea capitis
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
672:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
634:
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574:
570:
566:
562:
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550:
547:
543:
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523:
515:
513:
509:
505:
504:antiandrogens
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
483:
482:
477:
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470:
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464:
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458:
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269:
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257:
252:
250:
245:
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229:
225:
224:skin disorder
221:
213:
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
154:tinea capitis
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
125:
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117:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
86:
82:
79:
76:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
43:
35:
30:
19:
5191:Tralokinumab
5175:progesterone
5171:Progestogens
5141:Metandienone
5126:Lebrikizumab
5071:Delgocitinib
5030:testosterone
5000:Eflornithine
4978:Bicalutamide
4970:
4951:
4932:Ritlecitinib
4921:
4907:
4881:Bicalutamide
4873:
4844:
4819:
4808:Pimecrolimus
4793:Alitretinoin
4775:Melanotan II
4742:Hydroquinone
4716:
4697:
4660:Keratolytics
4658:
4654:Isotretinoin
4642:Pimecrolimus
4629:
4622:
4591:Ketoconazole
4586:Clotrimazole
4553:
4532:Bicalutamide
4524:
4384:
4327:Pruritus ani
4324:by location:
4323:
4134:
4114:
4073:
3921:Ingrown nail
3493:Dermatophyte
3488:Gonococcemia
3473:Folliculitis
3198:
3114:Neurofibroma
3082:subcutaneous
2911:
2900:
2876:
2865:
2850:
2835:
2806:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2718:
2682:
2646:
2639:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2533:(1): 69–71.
2530:
2526:
2505:. Retrieved
2500:
2487:
2457:(1): 80–85.
2454:
2450:
2444:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2332:(1): 16–26.
2329:
2325:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2232:
2228:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2147:. Retrieved
2133:
2114:
2108:
2075:
2071:
2021:
2017:
2010:
1978:(1): 44–52.
1975:
1971:
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:the original
1933:
1929:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1827:
1823:
1786:. Retrieved
1778:"Dermatitis"
1772:
1737:
1733:
1659:
1575:
1571:
1539:. Retrieved
1525:
1506:
1453:. Retrieved
1444:
1435:
1408:
1404:
1376:. Retrieved
1359:
1356:"Cradle Cap"
1321:
1317:
1249:
1245:
1202:. Retrieved
1193:
1150:
1146:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1094:Epidemiology
1088:
1078:
1056:
1053:UV radiation
1050:
1041:Phototherapy
1023:Tea tree oil
1013:nicotinamide
996:Isotretinoin
984:carcinogenic
960:Keratolytics
958:
955:Keratolytics
943:
931:
926:lithium salt
922:pimecrolimus
903:
890:itraconazole
886:ketoconazole
878:ketoconazole
870:itraconazole
863:
831:flutrimazole
827:clotrimazole
807:ketoconazole
790:ketoconazole
772:
740:
669:
655:
640:
630:
626:
623:
617:
613:
611:
594:
563:(especially
558:
546:Δ-desaturase
529:
521:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:M. slooffiae
479:
473:
469:M. restricta
467:
461:
455:
449:
445:
437:
396:
390:
380:
378:
375:
362:
358:
354:
350:
309:
301:ketoconazole
293:ketoconazole
282:
271:
253:
219:
218:
196:phototherapy
111:Risk factors
29:
27:Skin disease
5181:Ruxolitinib
5151:Oclacitinib
5146:Nemolizumab
5061:Crisaborole
5041:Brimonidine
5016:Abrocitinib
4964:Finasteride
4959:Dutasteride
4862:Finasteride
4857:Dutasteride
4852:Alfatradiol
4752:Monobenzone
4637:Cyclosporin
4555:Antifungals
4239:Id reaction
4223:Dyshidrosis
4218:Hand eczema
4143:Diaper rash
3976:Herpesvirus
3956:Leukoplakia
3781:Scleroderma
3668:Specialized
3596:Generalized
3571:involvement
3483:Candidiasis
3175:involvement
3149:Myxoid cyst
2997:Acrochordon
2902:MedlinePlus
2078:: 148–164.
1360:StatPearls
1204:22 November
1115:Hepatitis C
1011:Topical 4%
976:lactic acid
924:as well as
894:Terbinafine
882:fluconazole
874:fluconazole
839:terbinafine
811:fluconazole
769:Antifungals
743:antifungals
737:Medications
701:Candidiasis
644:Wood's Lamp
601:temperature
571:) and with
559:Those with
442:antifungals
408:-producing
404:species in
230:-producing
78:Dermatology
50:Other names
5186:Tiratricol
5131:Lokivetmab
5121:Ivermectin
5081:Diclofenac
4927:Nepidermin
4813:Tacrolimus
4671:Resorcinol
4647:Tacrolimus
4611:Xenysalate
4596:Miconazole
4581:Climbazole
4561:Bifonazole
4439:Bromoderma
4203:Ear eczema
4087:Cradle cap
4044:and eczema
4042:Dermatitis
3916:Paronychia
3757:Vasculitis
3681:Multiforme
3679:Erythema (
3634:Cellulitis
3585:Blanchable
3334:Blistering
3324:Ichthyosis
3182:Eczematous
3094:Hemangioma
2878:DiseasesDB
2560:(1): 1–6.
2492:Rebora A.
2175:(5): 519.
2149:2012-06-10
1952:2010-04-15
1541:2021-10-12
1455:20 October
1378:2022-02-26
1125:References
1101:cradle cap
1079:Malassezia
1058:Malassezia
1045:See also:
934:prednisone
918:tacrolimus
866:climbazole
843:butenafine
835:ciclopirox
819:bifonazole
815:miconazole
794:ciclopirox
779:antifungal
732:Management
656:Malassezia
631:Malassezia
627:Malassezia
618:Malassezia
614:Malassezia
496:Malassezia
492:Malassezia
488:Malassezia
463:M. globosa
454:(formerly
446:Malassezia
438:Malassezia
398:Malassezia
381:Malassezia
297:ciclopirox
273:Malassezia
249:seborrhoea
240:cradle cap
179:Medication
172:Humidifier
18:Seborrheic
5095:estradiol
5091:Estrogens
5086:Dupilumab
5026:Androgens
4988:Flutamide
4915:Minoxidil
4891:Flutamide
4803:Oxaceprol
4570:cetrimide
4542:Flutamide
4371:Aquadynia
3911:Psoriasis
3819:disorders
3774:Indurated
3675:Urticaria
3627:Localized
3569:epidermal
3352:Varicella
3262:Psoriasis
3173:epidermal
3139:Leiomyoma
3041:Pigmented
2974:Epidermal
2913:eMedicine
2100:257214910
1764:254843412
687:Psoriasis
637:Diagnosis
608:Mechanism
565:infection
539:vitamin B
532:vitamin B
526:Nutrition
451:M. furfur
430:underarms
311:disease.
202:Frequency
168:Treatment
146:Psoriasis
73:Specialty
5228:Category
5218:Medicine
5056:Collagen
5046:Caffeine
4747:Mequinol
4666:Coal tar
4296:Pruritus
4244:Candidid
4106:irritant
4102:allergic
3986:Syphilis
3933:membrane
3588:Erythema
3524:Vitiligo
3478:Impetigo
3455:Pustular
3420:Miliaria
3268:Corporis
3119:Xanthoma
3068:Melanoma
3048:Freckles
2918:derm/396
2792:15369644
2761:24689165
2734:Archived
2698:Archived
2662:Archived
2631:32215045
2623:15480480
2582:15629243
2479:13049459
2471:27778328
2436:20016499
2354:25441626
2346:23802806
2308:24838779
2259:37325288
2250:10264915
2201:26538714
2143:Archived
2092:36842718
2046:20250916
2038:21117864
2002:28492054
1942:16848386
1881:Archived
1877:10821151
1846:31310695
1788:June 11,
1782:Archived
1756:36538948
1602:25933684
1535:Archived
1449:Archived
1427:26016669
1372:Archived
1368:30285358
1338:28614013
1274:13686180
1266:29737895
1198:Archived
1167:23806151
1108:COVID-19
1017:Topical
980:Coal tar
972:coal tar
904:Topical
864:Topical
853:such as
716:Impetigo
678:(eczema)
648:KOH test
599:and low
597:humidity
518:Bacteria
244:dandruff
192:coal tar
94:Duration
85:Symptoms
5173:(e.g.,
5093:(e.g.,
5028:(e.g.,
4824:(e.g.,
4721:(e.g.,
4305:Prurigo
4115:plants:
3785:morphea
3745:Papular
3724:Macular
3717:Purpura
3701:Ab igne
3686:Migrans
3639:Abscess
3567:Without
3549:Leprosy
3468:Rosacea
3405:Scabies
3397:Papular
3266:Tinea (
3254:Scaling
3058:Melasma
3053:Lentigo
2966:Growths
2872:D012628
2562:Bibcode
2539:1967880
2395:9602225
2299:6483543
2192:4601435
1993:5419026
1908:7604759
1593:4448221
1418:4445675
1085:Outcome
949:itching
782:shampoo
591:Climate
549:enzymes
278:hygiene
158:rosacea
5204:Portal
5009:Others
4922:Others
4681:Sulfur
4502:Other
4178:Eczema
4135:other:
3931:Mucous
3827:Ulcers
3288:Faciei
3283:Manuum
3273:Cruris
3163:Rashes
3109:Lipoma
3104:Keloid
3078:Dermal
2987:Callus
2907:000963
2790:
2759:
2726:
2690:
2654:
2629:
2621:
2580:
2537:
2507:8 June
2477:
2469:
2434:
2393:
2352:
2344:
2306:
2296:
2257:
2247:
2199:
2189:
2121:
2098:
2090:
2044:
2036:
2000:
1990:
1940:
1906:
1875:
1844:
1762:
1754:
1666:
1600:
1590:
1513:
1425:
1415:
1366:
1336:
1272:
1264:
1165:
1065:using
910:azoles
849:, and
761:, and
585:stroke
583:) and
478:, and
432:, and
372:Causes
268:stress
262:, and
232:glands
116:Stress
102:Causes
4431:Other
3278:Pedis
3063:Nevus
2883:11911
2861:690.1
2627:S2CID
2497:(PDF)
2475:S2CID
2350:S2CID
2096:S2CID
2042:S2CID
1760:S2CID
1270:S2CID
916:like
786:cream
749:like
567:with
508:sebum
434:groin
422:chest
414:scalp
406:sebum
402:fungi
387:Fungi
364:with
236:scalp
4686:Urea
4300:Itch
3898:Nail
3841:Hair
3644:Boil
3171:With
2982:Wart
2867:MeSH
2856:9-CM
2788:PMID
2757:PMID
2724:ISBN
2688:ISBN
2652:ISBN
2619:PMID
2578:PMID
2535:PMID
2509:2024
2467:PMID
2432:PMID
2391:PMID
2342:PMID
2304:PMID
2282:2017
2255:PMID
2197:PMID
2119:ISBN
2088:PMID
2034:PMID
1998:PMID
1938:PMID
1904:PMID
1873:PMID
1842:PMID
1790:2010
1752:PMID
1664:ISBN
1598:PMID
1511:ISBN
1457:2017
1423:PMID
1409:2015
1364:PMID
1334:PMID
1262:PMID
1206:2019
1163:PMID
1071:UV-B
1069:and
1067:UV-A
964:urea
920:and
884:and
857:and
792:and
753:and
694:and
646:. A
426:back
418:face
410:skin
287:and
4508:D11
3578:Red
3080:and
2852:ICD
2846:L21
2837:ICD
2753:258
2609:doi
2570:doi
2459:doi
2422:doi
2418:130
2381:doi
2334:doi
2294:PMC
2286:doi
2245:PMC
2237:doi
2187:PMC
2177:doi
2080:doi
2076:185
2026:doi
1988:PMC
1980:doi
1832:doi
1742:doi
1588:PMC
1580:doi
1413:PMC
1326:doi
1254:doi
1155:doi
1075:LED
861:.
800:or
784:or
569:HIV
460:),
303:or
295:or
228:oil
5230::
4104:,
2916::
2905::
2881::
2870::
2859::
2844::
2841:10
2784:12
2782:.
2778:.
2751:.
2732:.
2706:^
2696:.
2670:^
2660:.
2625:.
2617:.
2603:.
2599:.
2576:.
2568:.
2558:78
2556:.
2531:70
2529:.
2517:^
2499:.
2473:.
2465:.
2455:56
2453:.
2430:.
2416:.
2412:.
2389:.
2377:78
2375:.
2371:.
2348:.
2340:.
2330:28
2328:.
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2302:.
2292:.
2280:.
2276:.
2253:.
2243:.
2231:.
2227:.
2209:^
2195:.
2185:.
2173:60
2171:.
2167:.
2094:.
2086:.
2074:.
2054:^
2040:.
2032:.
2022:27
2020:.
1996:.
1986:.
1974:.
1970:.
1934:74
1932:.
1928:.
1916:^
1900:52
1898:.
1879:.
1869:61
1867:.
1863:.
1840:.
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1826:.
1822:.
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1780:.
1758:.
1750:.
1738:90
1736:.
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1596:.
1586:.
1574:.
1570:.
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1403:.
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1370:.
1358:.
1346:^
1332:.
1322:78
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1248:.
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1196:.
1192:.
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757:,
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484:.
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