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1060:, Russia and Austria. He viewed the Peace of Breslau as little more than another armistice with Austria, and he needed to prevent Maria Theresa from taking revenge at her convenience when the war elsewhere was concluded. Frederick decided that Prussia must restore its French alliance, build an anti-Austrian coalition with as many other German princes as possible, and then re-enter the war by striking first against Austria. So, in late 1743 and early 1744 Prussia conducted negotiations with France, Bavaria and other German princes to build a coalition to support the Emperor.
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1099:, as Holy Roman Emperor; third, she hoped to recover and preserve control of the contested Habsburg crown lands of Bohemia and Silesia. As soon as the Franco–Bavarian threat from the west could be defeated, Austria intended to resume hostilities in Silesia and drive out the Prussians, restoring the borders of the territories Maria Theresa had inherited. On 7 August Prussia declared its intervention in the Austrian war on behalf of Emperor Charles VII, beginning the Second Silesian War.
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1324:. Consequently, Prince Charles's army was able to return to Bohemia quickly, in good order and at full strength, though it was forced to abandon control of Alsace and Bavaria. Austrian diplomats also persuaded Saxony to re-enter the conflict on Austria's side, though in a strictly defensive role. By early October the Austrians were advancing through southwestern Bohemia toward Prague, while a Saxon army marched from the northwest to support them.
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Silesia. Prussia's intervention in
Bohemia also seriously impeded the Austrian war effort against France. However, by making another separate peace while the French continued to fight the wider War of the Austrian Succession, Frederick damaged his own diplomatic credibility. The Treaty of Dresden also deepened Austria and Saxony's hostility toward Prussia, leading them into the anti-Prussian alliance that would spark the
1473:, where the two forces camped on opposite sides of the Elbe. The armies faced off but fought little during the next two months, while Frederick pursued a peace agreement that would again guarantee his control of Silesia. Britain's willingness to subsidise Austria's war against Prussia was greatly reduced by the outbreak of a new
1634:
The First and Second
Silesian Wars have been described as campaigns within one continuous War of the Austrian Succession. Partly for this reason, contemporaries and later historians have consistently viewed the Second Silesian War's conclusion as a victory for Prussia, which defended its seizure of
1528:
Prussia and
Britain hoped the Austrian defeats at Hohenfreidberg and Soor would persuade Austria to come to terms and concentrate its efforts against France, but Maria Theresa was resolved to fight on. On 29 August Austria and Saxony had agreed on a more offensive alliance aimed at seizing Prussian
1408:
on 22 April. In the treaty, Maximilian abandoned his father's claims on
Austrian lands and promised to support Francis Stephen of Lorraine in the forthcoming imperial election; in return, Maria Theresa retroactively recognised Charles VII's legitimacy as Holy Roman Emperor. This closed the Bavarian
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known as the League of
Frankfurt, whose announced aim was to recover and defend the territories of Emperor Charles VII, including Bohemia (where he had been proclaimed king in 1742). A parallel treaty with France was concluded on 5 June, under which France committed to support the League and attack
1676:
The Second
Silesian War was a disappointment for Austria, whose armed forces proved surprisingly ineffective against smaller Prussian armies. The Treaty of Dresden formalised the loss of the Habsburg monarchy's wealthiest province, and defeat by a lesser German prince significantly dented Habsburg
1659:
that would come to dominate German politics over the next century. Saxony, envious of
Prussia's ascendancy and threatened by Prussian Silesia's geostrategic position, also turned its foreign policy firmly against Prussia. Frederick's repeated unilateral withdrawal from his alliances in the War of
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I (despite dissenting votes from
Prussia and the Palatinate), achieving one of Maria Theresa's major goals in the war. Meanwhile, supplies had run low in the Prussian camp in Bohemia, and Prussia's forces were gradually pushed back by Austrian probes. On 29 September Prince Charles's army staged a
980:
the majority of
Silesia to Prussia in return for Prussia's neutrality in the continuing war. In late 1742, while Prussia enjoyed the restored peace and worked to assimilate Silesia into its administration and economy, Austria fought on against Bavaria and France, reversing its losses from 1741. By
1684:
finally ended the wider War of the
Austrian Succession in 1748, Maria Theresa's government refused to sign the peace agreement because it guaranteed Prussian sovereignty in the conquered province. Instead, she began a general reform of Austria's military and a review of its diplomatic policy, all
1647:
By again defeating Austria, Prussia confirmed its acquisition of Silesia, a densely industrialised region with a large population and substantial tax yields. The small kingdom's unexpected victories over the Habsburg monarchy marked the beginning of Prussia's rise toward the status of a European
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manoeuvred away from all Prussian advances while continually harassing the invaders' supply lines, and the Prussians' supplies ran low in the hostile province. By early November the Prussians were forced to retreat to Prague and the Elbe, and after some weeks of manoeuvre an Austrian–Saxon force
1505:
ended in a Prussian victory, despite the Austrian surprise and superior numbers. The Prussians' supplies were exhausted, however, and they withdrew again into Upper Silesia for the winter, driving out the Austrian light troops that had entered the region ahead of Prince Charles's main force.
1212:
were equipped and supplied by the state to conduct warfare on behalf of the sovereign's interests. Occupied enemy territories were regularly taxed and extorted for funds, but large-scale atrocities against civilian populations were rare compared with conflicts in the previous century.
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Having made peace with Bavaria, in late April Austria prepared for a large-scale invasion of Silesia, moving the army of Charles of Lorraine into Moravia, while a Saxon army organised near Leipzig. Frederick abandoned the mountainous southern tip of Upper Silesia to the Austrian
1200:
positioned so as to command the surrounding regions and roads, with lengthy sieges a common feature of armed conflict. Decisive field battles were relatively rare, though they played a larger part in Frederick's theory of warfare than was typical among his contemporary rivals.
1685:
aimed at one day recovering Silesia and relegating Prussia to the status of a lesser power. This policy eventually led to the formation of a broad anti-Prussian alliance between Austria, France and Russia, followed by the outbreak of the Third Silesian War and the wider
1652:, as it began to leave German rivals such as Bavaria and Saxony behind. His series of battlefield victories in 1745 won Frederick general acclaim as a brilliant military commander; it was at the end of this war that he began to be spoken of as "Frederick the Great".
1586:
Austrian and Saxon delegates and British mediators joined the Prussians in Dresden, where they quickly negotiated a peace treaty. Under the resulting agreement, Maria Theresa acknowledged Prussia's control of Silesia and Glatz, and Frederick retroactively recognised
1053:, a proponent of a pro-British and anti-French policy that entailed friendship to Austria and enmity to Prussia. Prussia sought warmer relations with Russia and briefly won a minor defensive agreement, but Russia posed a growing threat to Prussia's eastern frontier.
1574:, opening the way to Dresden, as Prince Charles and the remaining Saxon soldiers retreated through the Ore Mountains into Bohemia. The Prussians occupied Dresden on 18 December, after which Frederick once again sent envoys to Maria Theresa and Frederick Augustus
1557:
ended with the Saxon elements of the allied army destroyed and the larger Austrian force confused and scattered. Charles and his remnants were forced to retreat back into central Saxony and Bohemia, leaving Lusatia under Prussian control. Meanwhile,
1379:
of Poland–Saxony now committed 30,000 troops to the cause in return for cash subsidies from the British and Dutch. This publicly defensive alliance was soon followed by a secret offensive agreement between Austria and Saxony, signed on 18 May in
1327:
Learning of the Austrians' rapid approach and unexpected strength, Frederick began pulling his forces back from south-eastern Bohemia to face the oncoming foes. Frederick tried repeatedly to force a decisive engagement, but Austrian commander
1591:
I as Holy Roman Emperor and agreed to the Pragmatic Sanction, while also committing to neutrality for the remainder of the War of the Austrian Succession. For its part in the Austrian alliance, Saxony was compelled to pay one million
1562:
I's army advanced into western Saxony on 29 November against minimal resistance, progressing as far as Leipzig by the next day and occupying that city. From there, his army and Frederick's converged toward Dresden in early December.
1548:
Prussian forces quietly paralleled Prince Charles's march through Lusatia, until the Austrians had come nearly to the Brandenburg border. There, on 23 November Frederick launched a successful surprise attack on Charles's camp at
1316:. As expected, this new threat drew the Austrian army under Prince Charles back from Alsace through Bavaria; the French, however, failed to harass and disrupt the Austrian redeployment as they had promised, owing in part to King
1391:
With Prussia's forces driven out of Bohemia, Austria renewed its offensive against Bavaria in March 1745, swiftly over-running the defences that had been re-established there during the winter. On 15 April the Austrians under
1529:
territory, and in early November they began a new offensive from multiple directions toward Brandenburg. Prince Charles's Austrian army marched north from Bohemia toward Lusatia, while the main Saxon army under
1384:, which envisioned a territorial partition of Prussia. Meanwhile, as Austrian forces withdrew from Bavaria to respond to the Prussian invasion of Bohemia, Emperor Charles VII recovered control of his capital at
1457:
was put in command of a smaller force in Brandenburg to prevent a Saxon invasion. At the end of May, the Austrian–Saxon force crossed through the Giant Mountains and camped around the Silesian village of
1481:, in which both sides recognised each other's German possessions (including Prussian Silesia), and Prussia committed not to seek territorial gains in Bohemia or Saxony in any eventual peace agreement.
1388:, only to die shortly after relocating there on 20 January, destroying the rationale behind Frederick's alliance. These events combined to produce a major shift in the direction of the war in Germany.
1677:
prestige. The rest of the Habsburg patrimony in Central Europe was preserved intact, however, and Maria Theresa did win Prussia's retroactive support for her husband's election as Holy Roman Emperor.
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Frederick's force attempted to come between the Saxon capital and Prince Charles's Austrians, while Leopold's army advanced directly upon Rutowsky's Saxons, who were entrenched beside the village of
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Austria's reversal at Hohenfriedberg removed any immediate prospect of recovering Silesia. The Prussians followed the retreating Austrian–Saxon army into Bohemia, harassing its rear as far as
1297:
to Leitmeritz. After entering Bohemia, all three forces converged on Prague by the beginning of September, surrounding and besieging the Bohemian capital. The city underwent a week of heavy
1217:
was the decisive factor in many wars, as armies had grown too large to support themselves on prolonged campaigns by foraging and plunder alone. Military supplies were stored in centralised
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1261:
Frederick led Prussian soldiers across the frontier into Bohemia on 15 August 1744. The invading army of around 70,000 men entered Bohemia in three columns: the eastern column, led by
1037:; Britain had previously recognised Prussia's acquisition of Silesia as the mediator of the Treaty of Berlin, but this new alliance made no mention of that guarantee. Meanwhile, the
4045:
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993:. Prussia's withdrawal from the War of the Austrian Succession under a separate peace embittered its erstwhile allies, and the diplomatic position shifted in Austria's favour.
1478:
380:
4070:
780:, Prussia entered a renewed alliance with Austria's enemies in the League of Frankfurt and rejoined the war, hoping to prevent a resurgent Austria from taking back Silesia.
375:
1080:. Prussia would champion the Emperor's cause by invading Bohemia from the north, a service for which the Emperor committed to cede the portions of Bohemia northeast of the
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Maria Theresa pursued the same goals she had from the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession: first, she needed to compel a general recognition of the
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the Austrian Succession deepened the French royal court's distrust of him, and his next perceived "betrayal" (a defensive alliance with Britain under the 1756
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492:
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in 1756. The struggle with Prussia would become the driving factor behind wide-ranging efforts to modernise the Habsburg monarchy over the next half century.
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would be occupied by the French in Alsace, where the French would counterattack on the opposite front as Prince Charles's army was pulled in two directions.
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theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession, allowing Austria to concentrate its forces on the remaining fronts in Silesia, Italy, and the Netherlands.
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After early Prussian successes, other powers were emboldened to attack the beleaguered Habsburg realm, widening the conflict into what became the
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that were highly vulnerable to enemy raids. Armies were generally unable to sustain combat operations during winter and normally established
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in December 1745, which confirmed Prussian control of Silesia. Continuing conflict over Silesia would draw Austria and Prussia into a
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a decade later. The Second Silesian War repeated the defeat of the Habsburg monarchy by a lesser German power and contributed to the
1680:
Despite its defeat, Austria was reluctant to recognise Prussia as a rival power and refused to accept the loss of Silesia. When the
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crossed the Elbe on 19 November. At this point the Prussians abandoned Prague and gave up Bohemia, retreating in poor morale into
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776:'s fortunes improved greatly in the continuing War of the Austrian Succession. As Austria expanded its alliances with the 1743
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Chapter III—Friedrich, Diligent in His Bohemian Conquests, Unexpectedly Comes upon Prince Karl, with No French Attending Him
1371:, aimed at opposing the League of Frankfurt and restoring the traditional borders of the Habsburg Monarchy. Prince-Elector
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ended in a decisive Prussian victory, sending Prince Charles's army retreating in disarray back into the mountains.
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Frederick was apprehensive that an irresistible anti-Prussian coalition might soon develop between Britain–Hanover,
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took this Austrian succession crisis as an opportunity to press his dynasty's territorial claims in the Habsburg
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The war began with a Prussian invasion of Habsburg Bohemia in mid-1744, and ended in a Prussian victory with the
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Book XV—Second Silesian War, Important Episode in the General European One—15th August 1744 – 25th December 1745
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Book XIII—First Silesian War, Leaving the General European One Ablaze All Round, Gets Ended—May 1741 – July 1742
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2934:. History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great. Vol. III. London: Chapman & Hall.
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2972:. History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great. Vol. IV. London: Chapman & Hall.
2953:. History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great. Vol. IV. London: Chapman & Hall.
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was held on 13 September in Frankfurt, where Francis Stephen of Lorraine was indeed named Emperor Francis
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was signed on 25 December 1745, ending the Second Silesian War between Austria, Saxony, and Prussia.
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and end the war outright. On 8 November Frederick was informed of these movements and ordered Leopold
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and her right to rule the Habsburg lands; second, she wanted to achieve the election of her husband,
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The seizure of Silesia made Prussia and Austria into lasting and determined enemies, beginning the
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died in 1740 without a male heir; he was succeeded by his eldest daughter, who became ruler of the
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Chapter IV—Friedrich Reduced to Straits; Cannot Maintain His Moldau Conquests Against Prince Karl
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1367:, which established a new "Quadruple Alliance" between Austria, Britain–Hanover, Saxony, and the
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the middle of 1743 Austria had recovered control of Bohemia, driven the French back across the
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On the Austrian side, Maria Theresa negotiated through the middle of the year with the German
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to potentially take Austria's side in the ongoing succession war. The following year, Empress
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761:'s Austria in the mid-18th century, all three of which ended in Prussian control of Silesia.
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Frederick left a modest garrison in Prague and quickly marched on to the south, occupying
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2911:. History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great. Vol. III. London:
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The Silesian Wars, like most European wars of the 18th century, were fought as so-called
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870:, but when he died it was promptly contested by several parties. The newly crowned King
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Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797
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to support each other's efforts to seize Habsburg territory and Bavaria's bid for the
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I to prepare his troops in western Brandenburg, while Frederick himself departed for
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to make her husband Holy Roman Emperor, now that the Bavarian emperor had died. The
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On 8 January 1745 Austria further strengthened its diplomatic position with the
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1570:. On 15 December Leopold's force attacked and destroyed Rutowsky's army in the
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1404:(the son of the late Emperor Charles VII) made peace with Maria Theresa by the
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that lasted from 1744 to 1745 and confirmed Prussia's control of the region of
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with Prussia in October and redeployed its forces to face its other enemies.
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921:. The allies invaded on multiple fronts in mid-1741, soon occupying Austrian
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Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire
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Book XIV—The Surrounding European War Does Not End—August 1742 – July 1744
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in reparations to Prussia. The region's border were thus confirmed at the
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Levy, Jack S. (1988). "Analytic Problems in the Identification of Wars".
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that had paralleled the First Silesian War ended in August 1743, freeing
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Chapter IX—The Austrian–Saxon Army Invades Silesia, across the Mountains
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and drove the allied forces entirely out of Bavaria. After this defeat,
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in the cold season, resuming their campaigns with the return of spring.
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VI's lifetime, this female succession was generally acknowledged by the
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Chapter VII—Friedrich Makes Treaty With France; and Silently Gets Ready
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bombardment, eventually surrendering to the Prussians on 16 September.
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Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
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Chapter V—Friedrich, under Difficulties, Prepares for a New Campaign
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Prussian forces resumed offensive operations in December, invading
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prepared to attack from western Saxony, hoping together to seize
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1196:. Strategic warfare in this period centred around control of key
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1125:. 18th-century European armies were built around units of massed
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Browning, Reed (April 2005). "New Views on the Silesian Wars".
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Chapter XIII—Saxony and Austria Make a Surprising Last Attempt
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Chapter VI—Valori Goes on an Electioneering Mission to Dresden
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ended hostilities between Austria and Prussia in 1742, the
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Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947
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2390:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 153–156, 169–170, 171–172.
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Chapter XI—Camp of Chlum: Friedrich Cannot Achieve Peace
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surprise attack on Frederick's camp near the village of
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On 22 May 1744 Prussia formed an alliance with Bavaria,
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Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
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1711:
989:, and occupied Bavaria, exiling Emperor Charles VII to
768:, which had concluded only two years before. After the
4324:
Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
3016:
The Standard History of the World, by Great Historians
2514:
Chapter XV—Peace of Dresden: Friedrich Does March Home
2282:
2075:
2060:
2019:
1320:
falling seriously ill while overseeing the defence at
764:
The conflict has been viewed as a continuation of the
2655:
2560:
2484:
2452:
2423:
2348:
2319:
2124:
Chapter II—Friedrich Marches upon Prag, Captures Prag
2048:
2036:
1900:
1888:
1861:
1759:
1477:, and on 26 August Britain and Prussia agreed to the
1084:
to Prussia. Meanwhile, the main Austrian force under
795:
that shaped German politics for more than a century.
2631:
2587:
2575:
2087:
1793:
1396:
decisively defeated the Franco-Bavarian army at the
3038:
Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton
2619:
2521:
2360:
1723:
1699:
132:
2760:"Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Alexius Petrovich, Count"
1943:
1941:
1939:
339:
2469:
2467:
1510:Late 1745: Battles of Hennersdorf and Kesselsdorf
4588:
2506:
2504:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2304:
2302:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2180:
2178:
2116:
2114:
1602:, which had been Prussia's principal goal. This
1445:, concentrating his defences around the town of
1249:(red) after Prussia's seizure of Silesia in the
1117:was characterised by the widespread adoption of
996:
2315:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 127–128, 142–143.
2200:
2198:
2004:
2002:
1936:
3274:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 39–45.
2464:
1340:
890:, invading in December 1740 and beginning the
3294:
3019:. Vol. 5. New York: University Society.
2501:
2372:
2299:
2248:
2175:
2111:
2012:Chapter I—Preliminary: How the Moment Arrived
325:
262:
3087:
2709:
2242:
2195:
1999:
1981:
1545:to gather forces to meet Charles's advance.
1413:Mid-1745: Battles of Hohenfriedberg and Soor
1256:
2732:Frederick the Great: The Magnificent Enigma
2266:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 88–90, 96–97.
2211:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 61–62, 79–80.
1102:
913:and others formed an alliance known as the
3301:
3287:
2821:European International Relations 1648–1815
968:. In July 1742 Prussia and Austria made a
332:
318:
269:
255:
3195:
2969:Book XVI—The Ten Years of Peace—1746–1756
2342:
1402:Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria
117:
3167:(2009). "Frederick and the Art of War".
3012:
2965:
2946:
2927:
2901:
2870:
2842:
2608:
2539:
2510:
2473:
2441:
2412:
2383:
2308:
2259:
2230:
2204:
2184:
2164:
2140:
2120:
2008:
1969:
1947:
1843:
1818:. Vol. Book XIII. pp. 581–586.
1811:
1789:. Vol. Book XIII. pp. 574–579.
1782:
1717:
1613:
1513:
1416:
1344:
1236:
1006:
813:
146:
3265:"Austrian Succession, War of the"
3202:Frederick the Great: A Military History
3112:
3031:
2554:
2293:
2105:
2030:
1954:. Vol. Book XIV. pp. 725–729.
1770:
56:A Prussian infantry advance during the
18:1744–45 war between Prussia and Austria
4589:
3163:
3119:A History of Modern Germany: 1648–1840
3059:
2725:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2625:
2569:
2517:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 220–221.
2495:
2480:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 210–213.
2458:
2448:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 192–197.
2429:
2400:
2366:
2354:
2325:
2152:
2054:
2042:
1993:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1870:
1855:
1828:
1799:
1705:
952:and blocking an Austrian drive toward
4113:
4001:
3769:
3413:
3321:
3282:
3223:
3170:Frederick the Great on the Art of War
2984:
2817:
2789:
2697:
2637:
2596:
2581:
2276:
2093:
2081:
2069:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1425:over-running Saxon forces during the
1121:in combination with more traditional
803:
798:
313:
250:
3140:
3066:Frederick the Great: King of Prussia
2753:
2527:
2191:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 42–54.
2171:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 35–36.
2127:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 16–27.
2015:. Vol. Book XV. pp. 11–13.
1882:
1581:
1086:Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
232:Prince-Elector Frederick Augustus II
3901:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
1033:concluded a new alliance under the
13:
4051:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy
4030:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
3308:
2849:The War of the Austrian Succession
2615:. Vol. Book XVI. p. 239.
1455:Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
193:Prince Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau
14:
4618:
4360:Moravian–Silesian Football League
3252:
2477:Chapter XIV—Battle of Kesselsdorf
2419:. Vol. Book XV. p. 188.
276:
238:Count Frederick Augustus Rutowsky
188:Prince Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
4569:
4568:
4551:
4546:
3984:
3752:
1786:Chapter XIII—Battle of Chotusitz
1620:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
1265:, advanced from Silesia through
1241:The Central European borders of
937:. Faced with a potential war of
225:
201:
170:
148:
134:
119:
75:7 August 1744 – 25 December 1745
50:
3177:. Luvaas, Jay (ed.). New York:
3013:Clifford, John Herbert (1914).
2773:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.).
2602:
2435:
2406:
2158:
1975:
1192:and played the leading role in
4607:War of the Austrian Succession
3812:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
3088:Hochedlinger, Michael (2003).
1805:
1776:
1618:Europe in the years after the
1003:War of the Austrian Succession
941:, Austria negotiated a secret
899:War of the Austrian Succession
836:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
747:War of the Austrian Succession
343:War of the Austrian Succession
40:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
4475:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat
3414:
3363:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite
3175:Friedrich II, King of Prussia
1692:
1273:; the central column, led by
997:Preparations for a second war
822:
749:. It was the second of three
4339:Pentecostal Church in Poland
3770:
3449:ObniĹĽenie Milicko-GĹ‚ogowskie
2994:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1815:Chapter XIV—Peace of Breslau
1049:appointed as her chancellor
7:
4114:
4002:
3499:Silesian-Moravian Foothills
3322:
2874:Journal of Military History
2796:European Warfare, 1660–1815
1609:
1531:Frederick Augustus Rutowsky
1341:Early 1745: Bavarian defeat
1097:Francis Stephen of Lorraine
1021:In September 1743 Austria,
10:
4623:
4522:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4165:Silesian Museum (Katowice)
3494:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands
3144:International Interactions
3124:Princeton University Press
3043:Cambridge University Press
2775:Cambridge University Press
2719:
2416:Chapter XII—Battle of Sohr
1671:
1642:
1160:were used principally for
1106:
1093:Pragmatic Sanction of 1713
1014:as Holy Roman Emperor, by
1000:
807:
719:Zweiter Schlesischer Krieg
214:Prince Charles of Lorraine
20:
4564:
4544:
4516:Landsmannschaft Schlesien
4502:
4466:
4448:
4441:
4389:
4382:
4347:
4311:
4173:
4131:
4124:
4120:
4109:
4085:
4061:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
4056:Lower Silesian Coal Basin
4046:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy
4038:
4012:
4008:
3997:
3982:
3954:
3913:
3886:
3879:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3765:
3750:
3701:
3638:
3610:
3603:
3571:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
3553:
3517:
3444:Lower Silesian Wilderness
3426:
3422:
3409:
3330:
3317:
3157:10.1080/03050628808434702
3122:. Princeton, New Jersey:
2966:Carlyle, Thomas (1864b).
2947:Carlyle, Thomas (1864a).
2928:Carlyle, Thomas (1862b).
1682:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
1662:Convention of Westminster
1639:in the following decade.
1356:of Saxony and Poland, by
1257:Bohemian campaign of 1744
1232:
1012:Charles Albert of Bavaria
351:
286:
208:Archduchess Maria Theresa
162:
111:
67:
49:
37:
32:
3967:Lower Silesian and Opole
3896:Moravian–Silesian Region
1464:Battle of Hohenfriedberg
1427:Battle of Hohenfriedberg
1330:Otto Ferdinand von Traun
1275:Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau
1113:European warfare in the
1103:Methods and technologies
862:. During Emperor Charles
219:Otto Ferdinand von Traun
58:Battle of Hohenfriedberg
23:Second Silesian Uprising
21:Not to be confused with
4160:Silesian Museum (Opava)
3545:Slezská Harta Reservoir
3271:Encyclopædia Britannica
2770:Encyclopædia Britannica
1657:Austria–Prussia rivalry
1521:of Prussia in 1745, by
1394:Károly József Batthyány
1263:Count Kurt von Schwerin
1170:tactical communications
956:in early 1742. Elector
933:, and even threatening
793:Austria–Prussia rivalry
689:Jacobite rising of 1745
183:Count Kurt von Schwerin
4365:National football team
3525:Jezioro Goczałkowickie
3509:Zielona GĂłra Acclivity
3260:Hannay, David McDowall
2818:Black, Jeremy (2002).
1631:
1599:status quo ante bellum
1551:Katholisch Hennersdorf
1525:
1490:1745 Imperial election
1433:
1398:Battle of Pfaffenhofen
1360:
1253:
1018:
976:, under which Austria
962:1742 Imperial election
832:
718:
355:Flanders and the Rhine
163:Commanders and leaders
4334:Roman Catholic Church
4155:Upper Silesian Museum
3205:. Barnsley, England:
2887:10.1353/jmh.2005.0077
1666:Diplomatic Revolution
1617:
1578:II to propose peace.
1572:Battle of Kesselsdorf
1555:Battle of Hennersdorf
1517:
1479:Convention of Hanover
1449:in the valley of the
1420:
1348:
1245:(blue-green) and the
1240:
1208:in which disciplined
1107:Further information:
1010:
1001:Further information:
915:League of Nymphenburg
817:
4355:Football Association
3530:Jezioro Otmuchowskie
3197:Showalter, Dennis E.
2777:. pp. 824–626.
2612:Chapter I—Sans-Souci
1109:Early modern warfare
1078:Austrian Netherlands
1073:Electoral Palatinate
846:, as well as of the
844:Archduchy of Austria
721:) was a war between
4602:Frederick the Great
4020:Katowice urban area
3928:Lubusz Voivodeships
3464:PrzedgĂłrze Sudeckie
3434:Jelenia GĂłra valley
3033:Creveld, Martin van
2755:Bain, Robert Nisbet
2710:Hochedlinger (2003)
2700:, pp. 196–197.
2688:, pp. 197–198.
2676:, pp. 134–135.
2652:, pp. 297–301.
2557:, pp. 214–215.
2403:, pp. 185–186.
2279:, pp. 336–337.
2243:Hochedlinger (2003)
2155:, pp. 293–294.
1996:, p. 153, 159.
1982:Hochedlinger (2003)
1933:, pp. 152–153.
1885:, pp. 824–826.
1858:, pp. 135–136.
1831:, pp. 130–131.
1756:, pp. 102–103.
1744:, pp. 193–194.
1624:Brandenburg–Prussia
1519:Frederick the Great
1281:), passing through
1243:Brandenburg–Prussia
1221:and distributed by
1144:were equipped with
1115:early modern period
1047:Elizabeth of Russia
960:of Bavaria won the
755:Frederick the Great
709:Second Silesian War
669:Second Silesian War
659:War of Jenkins' Ear
477:Bohemia and Moravia
33:Second Silesian War
4467:Unofficial anthems
3484:Silesian Przesieka
3474:Silesian Foothills
2986:Clark, Christopher
2913:Chapman & Hall
2854:St. Martin's Press
2826:Palgrave Macmillan
2737:Ticknor and Fields
1921:, p. 163–164.
1637:Third Silesian War
1632:
1626:in violet and the
1526:
1434:
1373:Frederick Augustus
1361:
1358:Louis de Silvestre
1350:Frederick Augustus
1254:
1251:First Silesian War
1215:Military logistics
1019:
966:Holy Roman Emperor
892:First Silesian War
833:
830:Martin van Meytens
810:First Silesian War
804:First Silesian War
799:Context and causes
789:Third Silesian War
766:First Silesian War
694:First Carnatic War
664:First Silesian War
4582:
4581:
4560:
4559:
4542:
4541:
4498:
4497:
4437:
4436:
4378:
4377:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4075:Rybnik Coal Areas
4066:Industrial Region
3993:
3992:
3980:
3979:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3761:
3760:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3479:Silesian Lowlands
3405:
3404:
3390:Battle of Leuthen
3385:Battle of Legnica
3373:Treaty of Teschen
3368:Treaty of Dresden
3244:978-0-465-01332-6
3216:978-1-78303-479-6
3188:978-0-7867-4977-5
3133:978-0-691-00796-0
3105:978-0-582-29084-6
3080:978-0-7139-9377-6
3052:978-0-521-21730-9
3005:978-0-674-02385-7
2863:978-0-312-09483-6
2835:978-0-333-96450-7
2810:978-1-85728-172-9
2746:978-0-89919-352-6
2727:Asprey, Robert B.
2609:Carlyle (1864b).
2511:Carlyle (1864a).
2474:Carlyle (1864a).
2442:Carlyle (1864a).
2413:Carlyle (1864a).
2384:Carlyle (1864a).
2345:, pp. 84–88.
2309:Carlyle (1864a).
2260:Carlyle (1864a).
2205:Carlyle (1864a).
2185:Carlyle (1864a).
2165:Carlyle (1864a).
2121:Carlyle (1864a).
2108:, pp. 26–28.
2084:, pp. 67–80.
2072:, pp. 38–52.
2009:Carlyle (1864a).
1948:Carlyle (1862b).
1812:Carlyle (1862a).
1783:Carlyle (1862a).
1628:Habsburg monarchy
1604:Treaty of Dresden
1582:Treaty of Dresden
1475:Jacobite uprising
1429:, as depicted by
1285:and advancing to
1247:Habsburg monarchy
1180:and deployed for
1178:tactical reserves
1134:flintlock muskets
1039:Russo-Swedish War
919:imperial election
856:Habsburg monarchy
854:lands within the
840:House of Habsburg
785:Treaty of Dresden
774:Habsburg monarchy
702:
701:
684:King George's War
674:Italian campaigns
307:
306:
245:
244:
177:King Frederick II
142:Habsburg monarchy
107:
106:
60:, as depicted by
4614:
4572:
4571:
4555:
4550:
4527:Marsz AutĹŤnĹŤmije
4446:
4445:
4407:
4406:(Lower Silesian)
4404:Silesian German
4387:
4386:
4370:Silesian Stadium
4200:
4150:Regional costume
4129:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3988:
3891:JesenĂk District
3884:
3883:
3866:Austrian Silesia
3839:Silesia Province
3785:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3756:
3608:
3607:
3566:Silesian Beskids
3535:Jezioro SĹ‚awskie
3424:
3423:
3411:
3410:
3379:Book of HenrykĂłw
3319:
3318:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3248:
3220:
3192:
3160:
3137:
3109:
3084:
3056:
3028:
3009:
2981:
2962:
2943:
2924:
2898:
2867:
2839:
2814:
2786:
2762:
2750:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2343:Showalter (2012)
2340:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2297:
2291:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1687:Seven Years' War
1590:
1577:
1561:
1540:
1501:; the resulting
1495:
1406:Treaty of FĂĽssen
1376:
1365:Treaty of Warsaw
1353:
1310:České Budějovice
1051:Alexey Bestuzhev
974:Treaty of Berlin
875:
865:
827:
824:
770:Treaty of Berlin
716:
346:
344:
334:
327:
320:
311:
310:
281:
271:
264:
257:
248:
247:
230:
229:
206:
205:
175:
174:
158:
154:
152:
151:
144:
140:
138:
137:
129:
125:
123:
122:
103:Prussian victory
69:
68:
54:
30:
29:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4578:
4556:
4538:
4494:
4462:
4433:
4405:
4374:
4343:
4307:
4196:
4169:
4116:
4097:
4081:
4071:Ostrava-Karviná
4034:
4004:
3989:
3976:
3942:
3909:
3875:
3871:Eastern Silesia
3772:
3757:
3740:
3697:
3634:
3599:
3549:
3513:
3489:Silesian Upland
3418:
3401:
3326:
3313:
3307:
3258:
3255:
3245:
3217:
3207:Frontline Books
3189:
3134:
3106:
3081:
3053:
3006:
2903:Carlyle, Thomas
2864:
2836:
2811:
2747:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2540:Browning (2005)
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2485:
2472:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2382:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2283:
2275:
2271:
2258:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2233:, p. 3105.
2231:Clifford (1914)
2229:
2216:
2203:
2196:
2183:
2176:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2141:Browning (1993)
2139:
2132:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2020:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:, p. 3104.
1970:Clifford (1914)
1968:
1959:
1946:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:, p. 3103.
1844:Clifford (1914)
1842:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1724:
1720:, p. 3100.
1718:Clifford (1914)
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1674:
1645:
1612:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1559:
1538:
1512:
1493:
1486:prince-electors
1415:
1374:
1351:
1343:
1293:and across the
1271:Giant Mountains
1269:and across the
1259:
1235:
1227:winter quarters
1111:
1105:
1035:Treaty of Worms
1016:Georg Desmarées
1005:
999:
873:
868:imperial states
863:
825:
812:
806:
801:
778:Treaty of Worms
757:'s Prussia and
753:fought between
741:and formed one
712:
705:
704:
703:
698:
655:
347:
342:
340:
338:
308:
303:
282:
277:
275:
224:
200:
169:
149:
147:
145:
135:
133:
120:
118:
95:
55:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4132:
4126:
4118:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4025:Metropolis GZM
4022:
4016:
4014:
4013:Socioeconomics
4006:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3959:constituencies
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3923:Lower Silesian
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3791:
3789:
3782:
3774:
3773:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3504:Wał Trzebnicki
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3469:Silesian Walls
3466:
3461:
3459:Oświęcim Basin
3456:
3454:Ostrava Valley
3451:
3446:
3441:
3439:KĹ‚odzko Valley
3436:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3254:
3253:External links
3251:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3225:Simms, Brendan
3221:
3215:
3193:
3187:
3161:
3151:(2): 181–186.
3138:
3132:
3110:
3104:
3085:
3079:
3057:
3051:
3029:
3010:
3004:
2982:
2963:
2944:
2925:
2899:
2881:(2): 521–534.
2868:
2862:
2844:Browning, Reed
2840:
2834:
2815:
2809:
2787:
2765:Chisholm, Hugh
2751:
2745:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:, p. 267.
2702:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2664:, p. 133.
2654:
2642:
2640:, p. 216.
2630:
2618:
2601:
2599:, p. 196.
2586:
2584:, p. 192.
2574:
2572:, p. 310.
2559:
2555:Holborn (1982)
2544:
2542:, p. 530.
2532:
2530:, p. 183.
2520:
2500:
2498:, p. 196.
2483:
2463:
2461:, p. 194.
2451:
2434:
2432:, p. 186.
2422:
2405:
2393:
2371:
2359:
2357:, p. 178.
2347:
2330:
2328:, p. 317.
2318:
2298:
2296:, p. 216.
2294:Holborn (1982)
2281:
2269:
2247:
2245:, p. 259.
2235:
2214:
2194:
2174:
2157:
2145:
2143:, p. 181.
2130:
2110:
2106:Creveld (1977)
2098:
2096:, p. 209.
2086:
2074:
2059:
2057:, p. 150.
2047:
2045:, p. 290.
2035:
2033:, p. 215.
2031:Holborn (1982)
2018:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1957:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1909:, p. 148.
1899:
1897:, p. 144.
1887:
1875:
1873:, p. 143.
1860:
1848:
1833:
1821:
1804:
1802:, p. 106.
1792:
1775:
1773:, p. 213.
1771:Holborn (1982)
1758:
1746:
1734:
1732:, p. 183.
1722:
1710:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1673:
1670:
1668:of the 1750s.
1644:
1641:
1611:
1608:
1583:
1580:
1511:
1508:
1503:Battle of Soor
1460:Hohenfriedberg
1451:Eastern Neisse
1414:
1411:
1369:Dutch Republic
1342:
1339:
1258:
1255:
1234:
1231:
1223:baggage trains
1210:regular armies
1198:fortifications
1162:reconnaissance
1123:bladed weapons
1104:
1101:
1031:Savoy–Sardinia
998:
995:
970:separate peace
958:Charles Albert
808:Main article:
805:
802:
800:
797:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
654:
653:
647:
646:
642:
641:
636:
631:
625:
624:
620:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
587:
583:
582:
577:
572:
570:Hohenfriedberg
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
540:
536:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
478:
474:
473:
468:
466:Rhine Campaign
463:
461:Bergen op Zoom
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
357:
356:
352:
349:
348:
337:
336:
329:
322:
314:
305:
304:
302:
297:
292:
287:
284:
283:
274:
273:
266:
259:
251:
243:
242:
241:
240:
222:
221:
216:
197:
196:
195:
190:
185:
165:
164:
160:
159:
130:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
83:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
47:
46:
35:
34:
28:
27:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4619:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:Silesian Wars
4595:
4594:
4592:
4585:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4554:
4549:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4490:
4489:Slezská hymna
4486:
4484:
4483:
4482:Schlesierlied
4479:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Coats of arms
4451:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Lach dialects
4412:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:ModrĹŹ kapusta
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4198:(ciapkapusta)
4193:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4183:Black noodles
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3987:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3849:Lower Silesia
3847:
3845:
3844:Upper Silesia
3842:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:State country
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3764:
3755:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:Divoká Orlice
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3179:Da Capo Press
3176:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3114:Holborn, Hajo
3111:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3061:Fraser, David
3058:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3041:. Cambridge:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2996:Belknap Press
2993:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2791:Black, Jeremy
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2686:Fraser (2000)
2682:
2675:
2674:Fraser (2000)
2670:
2663:
2662:Fraser (2000)
2658:
2651:
2650:Fraser (2000)
2646:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2626:Luvaas (2009)
2622:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2570:Fraser (2000)
2566:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2505:
2497:
2496:Fraser (2000)
2492:
2490:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:Fraser (2000)
2455:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2431:
2430:Fraser (2000)
2426:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2402:
2401:Fraser (2000)
2397:
2389:
2388:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2368:
2367:Luvaas (2009)
2363:
2356:
2355:Fraser (2000)
2351:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:Asprey (1986)
2322:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2153:Asprey (1986)
2149:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:Fraser (2000)
2051:
2044:
2043:Asprey (1986)
2039:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1995:
1994:Fraser (2000)
1990:
1984:, p. 257
1983:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:Fraser (2000)
1927:
1920:
1919:Fraser (2000)
1915:
1908:
1907:Fraser (2000)
1903:
1896:
1895:Fraser (2000)
1891:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1871:Fraser (2000)
1867:
1865:
1857:
1856:Fraser (2000)
1852:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1829:Fraser (2000)
1825:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1801:
1800:Fraser (2000)
1796:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1708:, p. 24.
1707:
1706:Asprey (1986)
1702:
1698:
1690:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1543:Lower Silesia
1536:
1532:
1524:
1523:Antoine Pesne
1520:
1516:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1453:. Meanwhile,
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1431:Carl Röchling
1428:
1424:
1419:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1335:Upper Silesia
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:Ore Mountains
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:siege warfare
1191:
1187:
1184:. Smoothbore
1183:
1182:shock attacks
1179:
1176:were used as
1175:
1174:heavy cavalry
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:light cavalry
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
994:
992:
988:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:Upper Austria
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
869:
861:
860:Maria Theresa
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
831:
820:
819:Maria Theresa
816:
811:
796:
794:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
759:Maria Theresa
756:
752:
751:Silesian Wars
748:
745:of the wider
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
710:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
622:
621:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
585:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
538:
537:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
475:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
354:
353:
350:
345:
335:
330:
328:
323:
321:
316:
315:
312:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
285:
280:
279:Silesian Wars
272:
267:
265:
260:
258:
253:
252:
249:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:
228:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
209:
204:
198:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
157:
143:
131:
128:
116:
115:
110:
102:
99:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:Carl Röchling
59:
53:
48:
45:
44:Silesian Wars
41:
36:
31:
24:
16:
4584:
4514:
4510:Demographics
4503:Other topics
4487:
4480:
4473:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4281:Siymiyniotka
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4244:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4187:
4140:
4136:Architecture
4073: /
3915:Voivodeships
3903: /
3781:Subdivisions
3683:Nysa KĹ‚odzka
3394:
3377:
3352:
3269:
3233:. New York:
3229:
3201:
3169:
3148:
3142:
3118:
3090:
3065:
3037:
3015:
2990:
2968:
2949:
2930:
2907:
2878:
2872:
2852:. New York:
2848:
2820:
2795:
2768:
2735:. New York:
2731:
2705:
2698:Clark (2006)
2693:
2681:
2669:
2657:
2645:
2638:Clark (2006)
2633:
2628:, p. 6.
2621:
2611:
2604:
2597:Clark (2006)
2582:Clark (2006)
2577:
2535:
2523:
2513:
2476:
2454:
2444:
2437:
2425:
2415:
2408:
2396:
2386:
2369:, p. 5.
2362:
2350:
2321:
2311:
2277:Simms (2009)
2272:
2262:
2238:
2207:
2187:
2167:
2160:
2148:
2123:
2101:
2094:Clark (2006)
2089:
2082:Black (1994)
2077:
2070:Black (1994)
2050:
2038:
2011:
1989:
1977:
1950:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1851:
1824:
1814:
1807:
1795:
1785:
1778:
1754:Black (2002)
1749:
1742:Clark (2006)
1737:
1730:Clark (2006)
1725:
1713:
1701:
1679:
1675:
1654:
1646:
1633:
1597:
1585:
1565:
1547:
1527:
1483:
1468:
1447:Frankenstein
1435:
1390:
1362:
1326:
1303:
1279:safe conduct
1260:
1206:cabinet wars
1203:
1190:fire support
1112:
1090:
1069:Hesse–Kassel
1062:
1055:
1020:
947:
896:
834:
782:
763:
739:Upper Saxony
708:
706:
668:
617:Pfaffenhofen
294:
223:
199:
168:
112:Belligerents
93:Upper Saxony
38:Part of the
15:
4195:Panczkraut
3861:New Silesia
3856:Sudetenland
3822:politicians
3235:Basic Books
3165:Luvaas, Jay
2528:Levy (1988)
1883:Bain (1911)
1650:great power
1568:Kesselsdorf
1129:armed with
964:and became
901:. Prussia,
858:, as Queen
826: 1744
821:of Austria
679:Sea battles
651:Kesselsdorf
580:Hennersdorf
545:GroĂź-Glogau
381:Wissembourg
376:Lauterbourg
4591:Categories
4240:Kopalnioki
4227:Karminadle
3817:parliament
3678:Mała Panew
3561:Carpathian
3335:Offensives
3094:. London:
3071:Allen Lane
3069:. London:
2978:1045538020
2959:1045538020
2940:1045538020
2921:1045538020
2824:. London:
2799:. London:
1693:References
1594:rixdollars
1471:Königgrätz
1423:grenadiers
1287:Leitmeritz
1142:Cavalrymen
1131:smoothbore
884:crown land
629:St. Pölten
607:Ingolstadt
597:Deggendorf
518:3rd Prague
508:2nd Prague
483:1st Prague
471:Maastricht
4534:Silesians
4383:Languages
4295:WodziĹŤnka
4220:Hauskyjza
3731:Pszczynka
3554:Mountains
3416:Geography
3340:Uprisings
3025:867881191
2905:(1862a).
2895:159463824
2801:UCL Press
2783:873076959
1421:Prussian
1299:artillery
1219:magazines
1188:provided
1186:artillery
1166:screening
991:Frankfurt
943:armistice
939:partition
872:Frederick
852:Hungarian
714:‹See Tfd›
634:Schärding
612:Vilshofen
602:Straubing
498:Chotusitz
416:Oudenarde
361:Dettingen
4574:Category
4424:Moravian
4419:Silesian
4312:Religion
4253:Krupniok
4039:Industry
3972:Silesian
3938:Silesian
3827:treasury
3771:Politics
3726:Przemsza
3721:Gostynia
3673:Liswarta
3663:KĹ‚odnica
3262:(1911).
3227:(2009).
3199:(2012).
3116:(1982).
3063:(2000).
3035:(1977).
2988:(2006).
2846:(1993).
2793:(1994).
2757:(1911).
2729:(1986).
1610:Outcomes
1439:vanguard
1318:Louis XV
1172:, while
1154:carbines
1138:bayonets
1127:infantry
1119:firearms
1071:and the
848:Bohemian
717:German:
550:Mollwitz
513:2nd Eger
493:1st Eger
451:Lauffeld
426:Brussels
396:Fontenoy
391:Breisgau
80:Location
42:and the
4442:Symbols
4260:MakĹŤwki
4175:Cuisine
4142:FamilĹŹk
4125:Culture
4115:Society
4093:Tourism
4086:Tourism
4003:Economy
3905:Görlitz
3880:Current
3795:Duchies
3716:Brynica
3703:Vistula
3658:Kaczawa
3593:Western
3588:Central
3583:Eastern
3578:Sudetes
3396:more...
3324:History
3310:Silesia
3096:Longman
2767:(ed.).
2720:Sources
1672:Austria
1643:Prussia
1630:in gold
1622:, with
1587:Francis
1558:Leopold
1553:; this
1443:pandurs
1382:Leipzig
1314:Hluboká
1291:Dresden
1283:Lusatia
1150:pistols
1027:Hanover
1023:Britain
972:in the
950:Moravia
931:Bohemia
911:Bavaria
888:Silesia
880:Prussia
838:of the
743:theatre
735:Bohemia
731:Silesia
727:Austria
723:Prussia
623:Austria
592:Simbach
586:Bavaria
539:Silesia
523:Budweis
431:Antwerp
421:Ostende
401:Tournai
127:Prussia
89:Bohemia
85:Silesia
4429:Polish
4399:German
4288:Szałŏt
4267:Moczka
4246:Kreple
4234:Kołŏcz
4213:Galert
4206:KlĹŤzki
3800:Piasts
3788:Former
3648:Barycz
3625:Jizera
3604:Rivers
3540:Nyskie
3353:Second
3312:topics
3241:
3213:
3185:
3130:
3102:
3077:
3049:
3023:
3002:
2976:
2957:
2938:
2919:
2893:
2860:
2832:
2807:
2781:
2743:
1589:
1576:
1560:
1539:
1535:Berlin
1494:
1386:Munich
1375:
1352:
1233:Course
1146:sabres
1065:Sweden
1058:Saxony
1043:Russia
1029:, and
987:Alsace
954:Prague
935:Vienna
903:France
874:
864:
737:, and
645:Saxony
560:Neisse
488:OlmĂĽtz
446:Rocoux
386:Furnes
295:Second
156:Saxony
153:
139:
124:
100:Result
4458:Flags
4394:Czech
4348:Sport
4189:Bryja
3933:Opole
3805:dukes
3711:Biała
3693:Ślęza
3668:Kwisa
3518:Lakes
3427:Areas
3357:Third
3349:First
3173:. By
2891:S2CID
2763:. In
1306:Tábor
1267:Glatz
985:into
983:Rhine
978:ceded
923:Tyrol
907:Spain
828:, by
575:Kosel
565:Glatz
555:Brieg
528:Tabor
503:Sahay
456:Hulst
441:Namur
411:Ghent
406:Melle
371:Ypres
366:Menin
300:Third
290:First
3736:Rawa
3688:Olza
3653:BĂłbr
3640:Oder
3612:Elbe
3345:Wars
3239:ISBN
3211:ISBN
3183:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3100:ISBN
3075:ISBN
3047:ISBN
3021:OCLC
3000:ISBN
2974:OCLC
2955:OCLC
2936:OCLC
2917:OCLC
2858:ISBN
2830:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2779:OCLC
2741:ISBN
1499:Soor
1322:Metz
1312:and
1168:and
1148:and
1136:and
1082:Elbe
1076:the
929:and
850:and
725:and
707:The
639:Linz
533:Soor
436:Mons
72:Date
4302:Żur
3630:Ăšpa
3153:doi
2883:doi
1441:of
1152:or
886:of
878:of
4593::
3956:EP
3355:,
3351:,
3268:.
3237:.
3209:.
3181:.
3149:14
3147:.
3126:.
3098:.
3073:.
3045:.
2998:.
2915:.
2889:.
2879:69
2877:.
2856:.
2828:.
2803:.
2739:.
2589:^
2562:^
2547:^
2503:^
2486:^
2466:^
2374:^
2333:^
2301:^
2284:^
2250:^
2217:^
2197:^
2177:^
2133:^
2113:^
2062:^
2021:^
2001:^
1960:^
1938:^
1863:^
1836:^
1761:^
1377:II
1354:II
1308:,
1164:,
1156:;
1140:.
1067:,
925:,
909:,
905:,
894:.
876:II
823:c.
91:,
87:,
3359:)
3347:(
3302:e
3295:t
3288:v
3247:.
3219:.
3191:.
3159:.
3155::
3136:.
3108:.
3083:.
3055:.
3027:.
3008:.
2980:.
2961:.
2942:.
2923:.
2897:.
2885::
2866:.
2838:.
2813:.
2785:.
2749:.
1025:–
711:(
333:e
326:t
319:v
270:e
263:t
256:v
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
