476:, "During these first runs, films got their reviews, garnered publicity, and generated the word of mouth that served as the principal form of advertising." Then it was off to the subsequent-run market where the double feature prevailed. At the larger local venues controlled by the majors, movies might turn over on a weekly basis. At the thousands of smaller, independent theaters, programs often changed two or three times a week. To meet the constant demand for new B product, the low end of Poverty Row turned out a stream of micro-budget movies rarely much more than sixty minutes long; these were known as "quickies" for their tight production schedules—as short as four days.
1536:, was in the vanguard of marketing low-budget, sensationalistic films with a "100% saturation campaign", inundating the target audience with ads in almost any imaginable medium. In the era of the traditional double feature, no one would have characterized these graphic exploitation films as "B movies". With the majors having exited traditional B production and exploitation-style promotion becoming standard practice at the lower end of the industry, "exploitation" became a way to refer to the entire field of low-budget genre films. The 1960s saw exploitation-style themes and imagery become increasingly central to the realm of the B.
1985:
63:
1328:, half of Arkoff and Nicholson's first twin-bill package. Corman directed over fifty feature films through 1990. As of 2007, he remained active as a producer, with more than 350 movies to his credit. Often referred to as the "King of the Bs", Corman has said that "to my way of thinking, I never made a 'B' movie in my life", as the traditional B movie was dying out when he began making pictures. He prefers to describe his metier as "low-budget exploitation films". In later years Corman, both with AIP and as head of his own companies, helped launch the careers of
770:-structured serials that sometimes appeared on the same program. As with serials, however, many series were intended to attract young people—a theater that twin-billed part-time might run a "balanced" or entirely youth-oriented double feature as a matinee and then a single film for a more mature audience at night. In the words of one industry report, afternoon moviegoers, "composed largely of housewives and children, want quantity for their money while the evening crowds want 'something good and not too much of it.
545:. The former heads of Monogram soon sold off their Republic shares and set up a new Monogram production house. Into the 1950s, most Republic and Monogram product was roughly on par with the low end of the majors' output. Less sturdy Poverty Row concerns, with a penchant for grand sobriquets like Conquest, Empire, Imperial, and Peerless, continued to churn out dirt-cheap quickies. Joel Finler has analyzed the average length of feature releases in 1938, indicating the studios' relative emphasis on B production (
2744:
3049:
11022:
10399:
3115:(1980), whose title character is a barber who develops the ability to kill using psychic energy. According to Weldon, "My original idea with that word is that it's a two-part word. 'Psycho' stands for the horror movies, and 'tronic' stands for the science fiction movies. It very quickly expanded the meaning of the word to include any kind of exploitation or B-movie." The term, popularized beginning in the 1980s with publications of Weldon's such as
10409:
504:
233:, but series are less common. As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased, so did that of B pictures. In its current usage, the term has somewhat contradictory connotations: it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is (a) a "genre film" with minimal artistic ambitions or (b) a lively, energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively serious
1540:
1145:(1955), typifies the persistently murky middle ground between the A and B picture, as Richard Maltby describes: a "programmer capable of occupying either half of a neighbourhood theatre's double-bill, budgeted at approximately $ 400,000. distributor, United Artists, released around twenty-five programmers with production budgets between $ 100,000 and $ 400,000 in 1955." The film's length, 106 minutes, is A level, but its star,
868:
811:
A-film production, making the smaller studios even more important as B movie suppliers. Genre pictures made at very low cost remained the backbone of
Poverty Row, with even Republic's and Monogram's budgets rarely climbing over $ 200,000. Many smaller Poverty Row firms folded as the eight majors, with their proprietary distribution exchanges, now commanded about 95% of U.S. and Canadian box office receipts.
1524:. The combination of intensive and gimmick-laden publicity with movies featuring vulgar subject matter and often outrageous imagery dated back decades. The term had originally defined truly fringe productions, made at the lowest depths of Poverty Row or entirely outside the Hollywood system. Many graphically depicted the wages of sin in the context of promoting prudent lifestyle choices, particularly "
137:
1082:
recycling, offering former headlining movies as second features in the place of traditional B films. With television airing many classic
Westerns as well as producing its own original Western series, the cinematic market for B oaters in particular was drying up. After barely inching forward in the 1930s, the average U.S. feature production cost had essentially doubled over the 1940s, reaching
1169:
2387:
about 25%). Even as the U.S. inflation rate eased, the average expense of moviemaking continued to soar. With the majors now routinely saturation booking in over a thousand theaters, it was becoming increasingly difficult for smaller outfits to secure the exhibition commitments needed to turn a profit. Double features were now literally history—almost impossible to find except at
2908:
production budget for independent features. At the same time, , the quality of digital filmmaking has improved dramatically." Independent filmmakers, whether working in a genre or arthouse mode, continue to find it difficult to gain access to distribution channels, though digital end-to-end methods of distribution offer new opportunities. In a similar way, Internet sites such as
2297:, a Universal production, did something similar. Described by Paul as "essentially an American-International teenybopper pic with a lot more spit and polish", it was 1973's third-biggest film and, likewise, by far the highest-earning teen-themed movie yet made. Even more historically significant movies with B themes and A-level financial backing followed in their wake.
2932:, made a concerted effort towards the development of B-grade movies with some even making such films a key part of their business model. Often, however, many of such were produced in an effort to capitalize on the success of more established features. Moreover, this new direction likewise garnered involvement from veteran B-movie filmmakers such as Roger Corman and
2525:, reached theaters in 1985. The video rental market was becoming central to B film economics: Empire's financial model relied on seeing a profit not from theatrical rentals, but only later, at the video store. A number of Concorde–New Horizon releases went this route as well, appearing only briefly in theaters, if at all. The growth of the
3190:, who formulated the thesis of television programming as a derivative of advertising, creating "a species of information that might properly be called disinformation—misplaced, irrelevant, fragmented or superficial information that creates the illusion of knowing something but which in fact leads one away from knowing".
853:, A pictures sometimes echoed visual styles generally associated with cheaper films. Programmers, with their flexible exhibition role, were ambiguous by definition. As late as 1948, the double feature remained a popular exhibition mode. It was standard policy at 25% of theaters and used part-time at an additional 36%.
3235:, Schumacher proclaims that a talk show host, seen daily on the television screen, becomes almost a part of the family. "Spreading not only inanity, but also a sense of security", the host "provides a fixed portion of our daily routine" along with a daily soap opera, daily infotainment show or a daily game show.
2448:; 1982), described by critic Chris Petit as "the kind of movie that used to be indispensable to the market: an imaginative, popular, low-budget picture that makes the most of its limited resources, and in which people get on with the job instead of standing around talking about it". In 1981, New Line put out
956:. Ten B noirs that year came from Poverty Row's big three: Republic, Monogram, and PRC/Eagle-Lion, and one came from tiny Screen Guild. Three majors beside RKO contributed a total of five more. Along with these eighteen unambiguous B noirs, an additional dozen or so noir programmers came out of Hollywood.
1486:—after adjusting for inflation, less than 10% more than it had been in 1950. The traditional twin bill of B film preceding and balancing a subsequent-run A film had largely disappeared from American theaters. The AIP-style dual genre package was the new model. In July 1960, the latest Joseph E. Levine
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television series to describe the kind of show that is not "genuinely great", but one that "just works—albeit in a vaguely embarrassing and silly way—at entertaining the audience, at stringing along the same characters from week to week, at churning out boilerplate plots that are nonetheless peppered
3108:
is a term coined by film critic
Michael J. Weldon—referred to by a fellow critic as "the historian of marginal movies"—to denote the sort of low-budget genre pictures that are generally disdained or ignored entirely by the critical establishment. Weldon's immediate source for the term was the Chicago
1512:
typifies the continuing ambiguities of B picture classification. It was clearly an A film by the standards of both director and studio, with the longest shooting schedule and biggest budget Corman had ever enjoyed. But it is generally seen as a B movie: the schedule was still a mere fifteen days, the
1247:
in a reorganization of their
American Releasing Corporation (ARC), soon became the leading U.S. studio devoted entirely to B-cost productions. American International helped keep the original-release double bill alive through paired packages of its films: these movies were low-budget, but instead of a
1089:
The first prominent victim of the changing market was Eagle-Lion, which released its last films in 1951. By 1953, the old
Monogram brand had disappeared, the company having adopted the identity of its higher-end subsidiary, Allied Artists. The following year, Allied released Hollywood's last B series
198:
in recorded music. However, the production of such films as "second features" in the United States largely declined by the end of the 1950s. This shift was due to the rise of commercial television, which prompted film studio B movie production departments to transition into television film production
3197:
approach is used by television broadcasters to advertise the stations themselves. Schumacher lists three specific principles: grabbing the viewers' attention, establishing emotional involvement with the audience, and maintaining the viewers' interest as the cornerstones to acquiring and maintaining
3073:) is used by some to characterize low-budget pictures with quality standards well below those of most B and even C movies. Most films referred to as Z movies are made on very small budgets by operations on the fringes of the commercial film industry. The micro-budget "quickies" of 1930s fly-by-night
2316:
Most of the B-movie production houses founded during the exploitation era collapsed or were subsumed by larger companies as the field's financial situation changed in the early 1980s. Even a comparatively cheap, efficiently made genre picture intended for theatrical release began to cost millions of
1707:
drummed up publicity by distributing vomit bags to theatergoers, the sort of gimmick Castle had mastered, and arranging for an injunction against the film in
Sarasota, Florida, the sort of problem exploitation films had long run up against, except Friedman had planned it. This new breed of gross-out
1369:
boom was vital to the expanding independent B movie industry. In
January 1945, there were 96 drive-ins in the United States; a decade later, there were more than 3,700. Unpretentious pictures with simple, familiar plots and reliable shock effects were ideally suited for auto-based film viewing, with
1097:
Hollywood's A product was getting longer, the top ten box-office releases of 1940 had averaged 112.5 minutes; the average length of 1955's top ten was 123.4. In their modest way, the Bs were following suit. The age of the hour-long feature film was past; 70 minutes was now roughly the minimum. While
810:
In the early 1940s, legal pressure forced the studios to replace seasonal block booking with packages generally limited to five pictures. Restrictions were also placed on the majors' ability to enforce blind bidding. These were crucial factors in the progressive shift by most of the Big Five over to
1181:
The fear of nuclear war with the Soviet Union, along with less expressible qualms about radioactive fallout from
America's own atomic tests, energized many of the era's genre films. Science fiction, horror, and various hybrids of the two were now of central economic importance to the low-budget end
940:
The other major studios also turned out a considerable number of movies now identified as noir during the 1940s. Though many of the best-known film noirs were A-level productions, most 1940s pictures in the mode were either of the ambiguous programmer type or destined straight for the bottom of the
789:
chronicles had leading stars and budgets that would have been A-level at most of the lesser studios. For many series, even a lesser major's standard B budget was far out of reach: Poverty Row's
Consolidated Pictures featured Tarzan, the Police Dog in a series with the proud name of Melodramatic Dog
479:
As Azam Patel describes, "Many of the poorest theaters, such as the 'grind houses' in the larger cities, screened a continuous program emphasizing action with no specific schedule, sometimes offering six quickies for a nickel in an all-night show that changed daily." Many small theaters never saw a
2907:
methods now allow even low-budget filmmakers to produce films with excellent, and not necessarily "grittier", image quality and editing effects. As Marone observes, "the equipment budget (camera, support) required for shooting digital is approximately 1/10 that for film, significantly lowering the
2281:
demonstrated that a heavily promoted horror film could be an absolute blockbuster: it was the biggest movie of the year and by far the highest-earning horror movie yet made. In
William Paul's description, it is also "the film that really established gross-out as a mode of expression for mainstream
1106:). The term retained its earlier suggestion that such movies relied on formulaic plots, "stock" character types, and simplistic action or unsophisticated comedy. At the same time, the realm of the B movie was becoming increasingly fertile territory for experimentation, both serious and outlandish.
696:
Taves estimates that half of the films produced by the eight majors in the 1930s were B movies. Calculating in the three hundred or so films made annually by the many Poverty Row firms, approximately 75% of Hollywood movies from the decade, more than four thousand pictures, are classifiable as Bs.
1361:
featured Castle's most famous gimmick, Percepto: at the film's climax, buzzers attached to select theater seats unexpectedly rattled a few audience members, prompting either appropriate screams or even more appropriate laughter. With such films, Castle "combine the saturation advertising campaign
225:
films became more popular in the 1950s. Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character. Almost always shorter than the top-billed feature films, many had running times of 70 minutes or less. The term connoted a general perception that B movies were
2386:
It had taken a decade and a half, from 1961 to 1976, for the production cost of the average Hollywood feature to double from $ 2 million to $ 4 million—a decline if adjusted for inflation. In just four years it more than doubled again, hitting $ 8.5 million in 1980 (a constant-dollar increase of
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was not impressed, claiming that the movie would have drawn "little more than yawns in the film market ... had it not been throughout the country with a deafening barrage of publicity". Levine counted on first-weekend box office for his profits, booking the film "into as many cinemas as he
3205:
Schumacher argues that viewer loyalty is established primarily through the representation of familiar emotional situations and the everyday problems of the viewers, which means that private stations broadcast predominantly private affairs. Further development of this approach led to creation of
2836:
On the other hand, recent industry trends suggest the reemergence of something like the traditional A-B split in major studio production, though with fewer "programmers" bridging the gap. According to a 2006 report by industry analyst Alfonso Marone, "The average budget for a Hollywood movie is
2032:
for "the absolute accuracy of its effects, the decency of its point of view and ... purity of technique". Like Romero and Van Peebles, other filmmakers of the era made pictures that combined the gut-level entertainment of exploitation with biting social commentary. The first three features
491:
On Poverty Row, many Bs were made on budgets that would have barely covered petty cash on a major's A film, with costs at the bottom of the industry running as low as $ 5,000. By the mid-1930s, the double feature was the dominant U.S. exhibition model, and the majors responded. In 1935, B movie
407:
became standard practice: to get access to a studio's attractive A pictures, many theaters were obliged to rent the company's entire output for a season. With the B films rented at a flat fee (rather than the box office percentage basis of A films), rates could be set virtually guaranteeing the
2168:
explained in one 1974 review, "Horror and exploitation films almost always turn a profit if they're brought in at the right price. So they provide a good starting place for ambitious would-be filmmakers who can't get more conventional projects off the ground." The movie under consideration was
2027:
is both a seminal event in the independent film movement and a classic B picture. The crime-based plot and often seedy settings would have suited a straightforward exploitation film or an old-school B noir. The $ 115,000 production, for which Loden spent six years raising money, was praised by
1863:
brought exploitation films to mainstream theaters around the country. The major studios' top product was continuing to inflate in running time—in 1970, the ten biggest earners averaged 140.1 minutes. The Bs were keeping pace. In 1955, Corman had a producorial hand in five movies averaging 74.8
487:
The introduction of sound had driven costs higher: by 1930, the average U.S. feature film cost $ 375,000 to produce. A broad range of motion pictures occupied the B category. The leading studios made not only clear-cut A and B films, but also movies classifiable as "programmers" (also known as
3213:
The strategy of creating viewer loyalty through emotional sensations is reflected in scandalous "special news" that "favor sex and crime topics and employ highly affective commentary style, a clip aesthetic as well as a musical accompaniment borrowed from the crime film genre". As an example,
2824:
remake. It was a slow year for Corman: he produced just one movie, which had no American theatrical release, true of most of the pictures he had been involved in over the preceding decade. As big-budget Hollywood movies further usurped traditional low-rent genres, the ongoing viability of the
1081:
outlawed block booking and led to the Big Five divesting their theater chains. With audiences draining away to television and studios scaling back production schedules, the classic double feature vanished from many American theaters during the 1950s. The major studios promoted the benefits of
372:
The majors' "clearance" rules favoring their affiliated theaters prevented timely access to top-quality films for independent theaters; the second feature allowed them to promote quantity instead. The additional movie also gave the program "balance", the practice of pairing different sorts of
3159:
television, which adopted "the aesthetics of commercials" with its "inane positiveness radiated by every participant, the inclusion of clips, soft focus, catchy music" as well as "promotion of merchandise through product placement". Schumacher notes that after 1984 deregulation German public
1708:
movie typified the emerging sense of "exploitation", the progressive adoption of traditional exploitation and nudie elements into horror, into other classic B genres, and into the low-budget film industry as a whole. Imports of Hammer Film's increasingly explicit horror movies and Italian
342:(FBO), focused on exactly those sorts of cheap productions. Their movies, with relatively short running times, targeted theaters that had to economize on rental and operating costs, particularly small-town and urban neighborhood venues, or "nabes". Even smaller production houses, known as
1528:". Audiences might see explicit footage of anything from a live birth to a ritual circumcision. Such films were not generally booked as part of movie theaters' regular schedules but rather presented as special events by traveling roadshow promoters (they might also appear as fodder for "
2270:
could be felt in such pictures, as well as in a host of theatrical exploitation films. But its greatest influence on the fate of the B movie was less direct—by 1973, the major studios were catching on to the commercial potential of genres once largely consigned to the bargain basement.
2867:
mark for many of its movies. It's also encouraging filmmakers to shoot digitally, a cheaper process that results in a grittier, teen-friendly look. And forget about stars. Of Atomic's nine announced films, not one has a big name". The newfangled B movie division was shut down in 2009.
1001:(1940) was a standard entry: "In the course of an hour or so of screen time, the saintly physician managed to cure an epidemic of spinal meningitis, demonstrate benevolence towards the disenfranchised, set an example for wayward youth, and calm the passions of an amorous old maid."
1670:
was made, "significantly, with the lowest-budgeted film of his American career and the least glamorous stars. greatest initial impact ... was on schlock horror movies (notably those from second-tier director William Castle), each of which tried to bill itself as scarier than
2915:
Likewise, from the year 2000 onward, the acceleration and implementation of computer generated imagery continued at an unprecedented rate. This lent to the creation of effects that would otherwise prove too costly using traditional methods. Certain genres in particular, such as
1747:
and domestic racial conflicts. Its greatest influence, though, derived from its clever subversion of genre clichés and the connection made between its exploitation-style imagery, low-cost, truly independent means of production, and high profitability. With the Code gone and the
1370:
all its attendant distractions. The phenomenon of the drive-in movie became one of the defining symbols of American popular culture in the 1950s. At the same time, many local television stations began showing B genre films in late-night slots, popularizing the notion of the
2406:
Despite the mounting financial pressures, distribution obstacles, and overall risk, many genre movies from small studios and independent filmmakers were still reaching theaters. Horror was the strongest low-budget genre of the time, particularly in the slasher mode as with
3160:
television passed its climax and became marginalized. Newly established commercial stations, operating without the burden of societal legitimacy, focused solely on profitability. To establish and maintain viewer loyalty, these stations broadcast reality shows, sensational
1889:
observed that its "limp technique doesn't seem to matter to the people who want their gratuitous gore. ... e can't get two people talking in order to make a simple expository point without its sounding like the drabbest Republic picture of 1938." Many examples of the
807:(PRC), emerged as third in the Poverty Row hierarchy behind Republic and Monogram. The double feature, never universal, was still the prevailing exhibition model: in 1941, fifty percent of theaters were double-billing exclusively, and others employed the policy part-time.
484:, or screen previews, that presaged its arrival, "he new film's title on the marquee and the listings for it in the local newspaper constituted all the advertising most movies got", writes Epstein. Aside from at the theater itself, B films might not be advertised at all.
1850:
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a new generation of low-budget film companies emerged that drew from all the different lines of exploitation as well as the sci-fi and teen themes that had been a mainstay since the 1950s. Operations such as Roger Corman's
2417:. The film was produced for New World on a budget of $ 250,000. At the beginning of 1983, Corman sold New World; New Horizons, later Concorde–New Horizons, became his primary company. In 1984, New Horizons released a critically applauded movie set amid the
2729:
budget, became a hugely influential hit by crossing multiple lines, as James Mottram describes: "With its art house narrative structure, B-movie subject matter and Hollywood cast, the film is the axis for three distinct cinematic traditions to intersect."
1981:(1970). These sorts of films played in the "grindhouses" of the day—many of them not outright porno theaters, but rather venues for all manner of exploitation cinema. The days of six quickies for a nickel were gone, but a continuity of spirit was evident.
2579:
along with real estate pressures were making survival more difficult for the sort of small or non-chain theaters that were the primary home of independently produced genre films. Drive-in screens too were rapidly disappearing from the American landscape.
451:, down to shoestring operations, made exclusively B movies, serials, and other shorts, and also distributed totally independent productions and imported films. In no position to directly block book, they mostly sold regional distribution exclusivity to "
1177:(1950), produced and released by small Lippert Pictures, is cited as possibly "the first postnuclear holocaust film". It was at the leading edge of a large cycle of movies, mostly low-budget and many long forgotten, classifiable as "atomic bomb cinema".
1592:
was "Guaranteed the Most Educational Film Ever Produced!" In the late 1950s, as more of the old grindhouse theaters devoted themselves specifically to "adult" product, a few filmmakers began making nudies with greater attention to plot. Best known was
4989:
Dick Tracy literally had been B movie material—the character was featured in four low-budget RKO films in the 1940s. For how espionage and crimebusting thrillers were long "widely regarded as nothing more than B-movie fodder," see Chapman (2000), pp.
2984:, the C grade began to be applied with increasing frequency to low-quality genre films used as filler programming for that market. The "C" in the term then does double duty, referring not only to quality that is lower than "B" but also to the initial
373:
features suggested to potential customers that they could count on something of interest no matter what specifically was on the bill. The low-budget picture of the 1920s thus evolved into the second feature, the B movie, of Hollywood's Golden Age.
2391:. One of the first leading casualties of the new economic regime was venerable B studio Allied Artists, which declared bankruptcy in April 1979. In the late 1970s, AIP had turned to producing relatively expensive films like the very successful
2317:
dollars, as the major movie studios steadily moved into the production of expensive genre movies, raising audience expectations for spectacular action sequences and realistic special effects. Intimations of the trend were evident as early as
1864:
minutes. He played a similar part in five films originally released in 1970, two for AIP and three for his own New World: the average length was 89.8 minutes. These films could turn a tidy profit. The first New World release, the biker movie
1004:
Down in Poverty Row, low budgets led to less palliative fare. Republic aspired to major-league respectability while making many cheap and modestly budgeted Westerns, but there was not much from the bigger studios that compared with Monogram
2141:(1975), an inexpensive film from 20th Century Fox that spoofed all manner of classic B picture clichés, became an unparalleled hit when it was relaunched as a late show feature the year after its initial, unprofitable release. Even as
1820:, also a studio alumnus, free directorial rein. Eventually they arranged a financing and distribution deal with Columbia, as two more graduates of the Corman/AIP exploitation mill joined the project: Jack Nicholson and cinematographer
2634:
At the same time as exhibition venues for B films vanished, the independent film movement was burgeoning; among the results were various crossovers between the low-budget genre movie and the "sophisticated" arthouse picture. Director
480:
big-studio A film, getting their movies from the states rights concerns that handled almost exclusively Poverty Row product. Millions of Americans went to their local theaters as a matter of course: for an A picture, along with the
1090:
Westerns. Non-series B Westerns continued to appear for a few more years, but Republic Pictures, long associated with cheap sagebrush sagas, was out of the filmmaking business by decade's end. In other genres, Universal kept its
1506:" That year, Roger Corman took AIP down a new road: "When they asked me to make two ten-day black-and-white horror films to play as a double feature, I convinced them instead to finance one horror film in color." The resulting
1277:, and saturation booking, all of which became standard procedure for the majors in planning and releasing their mass-market 'event' films" by the late 1970s. In terms of content, the majors were already there, with films about
471:
In the standard Golden Age model, the industry's top product, the A films, premiered at a small number of select first-run houses in major cities. Double features were not the rule at these prestigious venues. As described by
2227:
in 1969, soon followed by the dedication of other network slots to original features, time and financial factors shifted the medium progressively into B picture territory. Television films inspired by recent scandals—such as
3154:
in her article "From the True, the Good, the Beautiful to the Truly Beautiful Goods—audience identification strategies on German 'B-Television' programs" as an analogy to "B-movie" to characterize the development of German
1719:. That year, two horror films came out that heralded directions American cinema would take in the next decade, with major consequences for the B movie. One was a high-budget Paramount production, directed by the celebrated
1112:, a leading actress, established herself as Hollywood's sole female director of the era. In short, low-budget pictures made for her production company, The Filmakers, Lupino explored taboo subjects such as rape in 1950's
2715:. This result mirrored the film's scrambling of definitions: Fine Line was a subsidiary of New Line, recently merged into the Time Warner empire—specifically, it was the old exploitation distributor's arthouse division.
463:
had production lines roughly similar to, though somewhat better endowed than, the top Poverty Row studios. In contrast to the Big Five majors, Universal and Columbia had few or no theaters, though they did have top-rank
6900:
Syder, Andrew, and Dolores Tierney (2005). "Importation/Mexploitation, or, How a Crime-Fighting, Vampire-Slaying Mexican Wrestler Almost Found Himself in an Italian Sword-and-Sandals Epic", in Schneider and Williams,
3432:
was used in a variety of different ways by reviewers" of the 1930s (p. 431, n. 8). Some present-day critics employ the Miller–Taves usage; others refer to any B movie from the Golden Age as a "programmer" or "program
798:
By 1940, the average production cost of an American feature was $ 400,000, a negligible increase over ten years. A number of small Hollywood companies had folded around the turn of the decade, including the ambitious
3206:
reality TV shows, which generate new realities by intervening directly in the actual life of its participants. Such personalisation and dramatization of television precipitated the "Fall of Public Man", in words of
2091:
with conceptual rigor, the movie that most clearly presaged the way in which exploitation content and artistic treatment would be combined in modestly budgeted films of later years was United Artists' biker-themed
860:, to develop and distribute relatively expensive films, mostly from independent producers. Around the same time, Republic launched a similar effort under the "Premiere" rubric. In 1947 as well, PRC was subsumed by
753:
Series of various genres, featuring recurrent, title-worthy characters or name actors in familiar roles, were particularly popular during the first decade of sound film. Fox's many B series, for instance, included
1440:
in domestic rentals. Just as valuable to the bottom line, it was even more successful overseas. Within a few decades, Hollywood was dominated by both movies and an exploitation philosophy very much like Levine's.
1362:
perfected by Columbia and Universal in their Sam Katzman and William Alland packages with centralized and standardized publicity stunts and gimmicks that had previously been the purview of the local exhibitor".
2286:
made cruelty respectable. By the end of the decade, the exploitation booking strategy of opening films simultaneously in hundreds to thousands of theaters became standard industry practice." Writer-director
488:"in-betweeners" or "intermediates"). As Taves describes, "Depending on the prestige of the theater and the other material on the double bill, a programmer could show up at the top or bottom of the marquee."
2875:
report suggests, recent technological advances greatly facilitate the production of truly low-budget motion pictures. Although there have always been economical means with which to shoot movies, including
700:
The Western was by far the predominant B genre in both the 1930s and, to a lesser degree, the 1940s. Film historian Jon Tuska has argued that "the 'B' product of the Thirties—the Universal films with
2217:
programming and the Hollywood series films of an earlier day had long been clear. In the 1970s, original feature-length programming increasingly began to echo the B movie as well. As production of
2106:
reviewer thought little of it: "Under different intentions, it might have made a decent grade-C Roger Corman bike movie—though Corman has generally used more interesting directors than Guercio."
1894:
genre, featuring stereotype-filled stories about African Americans and revolving around drugs, violent crime, and prostitution, were the product of AIP. One of blaxploitation's biggest stars was
1840:
became "the seminal film that provided the bridge between all the repressed tendencies represented by schlock/kitsch/hack since the dawn of Hollywood and the mainstream cinema of the seventies."
2845:
when the cost of marketing for domestic launch (USA only) is factored into the equation. However, we are now witnessing a polarisation of film budgets into two tiers: large productions ($ 120–
2055:(1973), were all nominally blaxploitation movies, but Cohen used them as vehicles for a satirical examination of race relations and the wages of dog-eat-dog capitalism. The gory horror film
1572:, comes complete with enormous, grotesque closeups of VD's physical effects. At the same time, the concept of fringe exploitation was merging with a related, similarly venerable tradition: "
240:
From their beginnings to the present day, B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning. Celebrated filmmakers such as
412:
largely freed the majors from worrying about their Bs' quality; even when booking in less than seasonal blocks, exhibitors had to buy most pictures sight unseen. The five largest studios:
3129:
magazine, has subsequently been adopted by other critics and fans. Use of the term tends to emphasize a focus on and affection for those B movies that lend themselves to appreciation as
5329:
2341:(1974). Their disaster plots and dialogue were B-grade at best; from an industry perspective, however, these were pictures firmly rooted in a tradition of star-stuffed extravaganzas.
2529:
industry also helped support the low-budget film industry, as many B movies quickly wound up as "filler" material for 24-hour cable channels or were made expressly for that purpose.
1798:
s significance owes to the fact that it was produced for a respectable, if still modest, budget and released by a major studio. The project was first taken by one of its cocreators,
1619:
pictures. Crafted for constant titillation but containing no nudity, it was aimed at the same "passion pit" drive-in circuit that screened AIP teen movies with wink-wink titles like
828:
release anticipated practices that fueled the B movie industry in the late 1950s; when the top Hollywood studios made them standard two decades after that, the B movie was hard hit.
289:
740:"northwest action thrillers". One low-budget oater of the era, made totally outside the studio system, profited from an outrageous concept: a Western with a cast consisting of only
3093:, exemplify the classic grade-Z movie. Latter-day Zs are often characterized by violent, gory or sexual content and a minimum of artistic interest; they are often destined for the
3034:'s genre channels in the 1990s and 2000s has meant a market for contemporary C pictures, many of them "direct to cable" movies—small-budget genre films never released in theaters.
5385:
237:. The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budget, mainstream films with exploitation-style content, usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie.
1513:
budget just $ 200,000 (one tenth the industry average), and its 85-minute running time close to an old thumbnail definition of the B: "Any movie that runs less than 80 minutes."
901:
In the 1940s, RKO stood out among the industry's Big Five for its focus on B pictures. From a latter-day perspective, the most famous of the major studios' Golden Age B units is
369:, followed by a double feature. The second feature, which actually screened before the main event, cost the exhibitor less per minute than the equivalent running time in shorts.
2587:. New Line, in its first decade, had been almost exclusively a distributor of low-budget independent and foreign genre pictures. With the smash success of exploitation veteran
2575:—were also far closer to the traditional arena of the Bs than to classic A-list subject matter. The growing popularity of home video and access to unedited movies on cable and
1165:'s direction is self-consciously aestheticized. The result is a brutal genre picture that also evokes contemporary anxieties about what was often spoken of simply as the Bomb.
280:, worked in B movies for most of their careers. The terms "B actor and actress" are sometimes used to refer to performers who find work primarily or exclusively in B pictures.
5781:
2792:
1951:(1971) is also perhaps the most outrageous example of the form: wildly experimental, borderline pornographic, and essentially a manifesto for an African American revolution.
824:
to market with heavy nationwide promotion and wide release. The distribution strategy was a major success, despite what was widely perceived as the movie's poor quality. The
455:" firms, which in turn peddled blocks of movies to exhibitors, typically six or more pictures featuring the same star (a relative status on Poverty Row). Two "major-minors",
5181:
3014:
presented cheap, low-grade movies, primarily science fiction of the 1950s and 1960s, along with running voiceover commentary highlighting the films' shortcomings. Director
881:(1948), writes scholar Robert Smith, is "resplendent with velvety blacks, mists, netting, and other expressive accessories of poetic noir decor and lighting". Directed by
331:) allowed the studios to derive maximum value from facilities and contracted staff in between a studio's more important productions, while also breaking in new personnel.
7139:
3224:
five times a week during 1990s. "The title itself encapsulates the message of 'B-TV': real people and their 'real' problems are the focus here", contemplates Schumacher.
2651:(1981), made two works in the early nineties that marry exploitation-worthy depictions of sex, drugs, and general sleaze to complex examinations of honor and redemption:
1355:(1958), an $ 86,000 production distributed by Allied Artists, were invited to take out insurance policies to cover potential death from fright. The 1959 creature feature
2377:
on a movie about a children's comic book character and turn a big profit—it was the top box-office hit of 1978. Blockbuster fantasy spectacles like the original 1933
2345:
had demonstrated the drawing power of big-budget, effects-laden horror. But the tidal shift in the majors' focus owed largely to the enormous success of three films:
1502:, ran as a "co-feature" with a now familiar sort of exploitation gimmick: "The dénouement helpfully includes a 'warning bell' so the sensitive can 'close their eyes.
941:
bill. In the decades since, these cheap entertainments, generally dismissed at the time, have become some of the most treasured products of Hollywood's Golden Age.
346:
studios, made films whose costs might run as low as $ 3,000, seeking a profit through whatever bookings they could pick up in the gaps left by the larger concerns.
1716:
1094:
series going through 1957, while Allied Artists stuck with the Bowery Boys until 1958. RKO, weakened by years of mismanagement, exited the movie industry in 1957.
1377:
Increasingly, American-made genre films were joined by foreign movies acquired at low cost and, where necessary, dubbed for the U.S. market. In 1956, distributor
1205:
But these were genres whose fantastic nature could also be used as cover for mordant cultural observations often difficult to make in mainstream movies. Director
2784:
mark. In 2005, the top ten movies at the U.S. box office included three adaptations of children's fantasy novels, one extending and another initiating a series (
2924:, saw increasing use of CGI. Consequently, this trend spurred a boost in B-grade productions targeted to a mass audience. In this vein, film companies, such as
2621:
reviewer found that the initial installment qualified as "vintage Corman ... spiked with everything from bared female breasts to a mind-blowing quote from
831:
Considerations beside cost made the line between A and B movies ambiguous. Films shot on B-level budgets were occasionally marketed as A pictures or emerged as
1316:, on a $ 12,000 budget and a six-day shooting schedule. Among the six films he worked on in 1955, Corman produced and directed the first official ARC release,
353:
in American theaters in 1929, many independent exhibitors began dropping the then-dominant presentation model, which involved live acts and a broad variety of
202:
Today, the term "B movie" is used in a broader sense. In post-Golden Age usage, B movies can encompass a wide spectrum of films, ranging from sensationalistic
62:
2699:, was not comfortably A-grade, but it was hardly B-level either. The film's imagery was another matter: "On its scandalizing surface, David Cronenberg's
777:
Series films are often unquestioningly consigned to the B movie category, but even here there is ambiguity: at MGM, for example, popular series like the
6278:
3193:
Like Postman, Schumacher notes that contemporary television advertisement often chooses to reinforce brand loyalty rather than promoting product. This
931:, and others who became renowned only later in their careers or entirely in retrospect. The movie now widely described as the first classic film noir,
10875:
7063:
3238:"Appeals to viewer emotions and the active participation of the consumer enhance the ability of 'B-TV' to exploit the market", concludes Schumacher.
2193:
worldwide and effectively established the slasher flick as horror's primary mode for the next decade. Just as Hooper had learned from Romero's work,
1875:
The biggest studio in the low-budget field remained a leader in exploitation's growth. In 1973, American International gave a shot to young director
7170:
5146:
2810:
1729:
was the first upscale Hollywood picture in the genre in three decades. It was a critical success and the year's seventh-biggest hit. The other was
3487:
See Taves (1995), p. 323; McCarthy and Flynn (1975), p. 20. In its peak year, 1937, Grand National did produce around twenty pictures of its own.
3202:
station described such a building of viewers' loyalty in positive terms: "RTL has discovered something entirely new for television. The viewer".
2160:" films as they were often called, whatever martial art they featured, were popularized in the United States by the Hong Kong–produced movies of
2857:, to concentrate on teen-oriented genre films. The economic model was deliberately low-rent, at least by major studio standards. According to a
1945:, is seen as the first significant film of the type. But the movie that truly ignited the blaxploitation phenomenon was completely independent:
5284:
4788:
after adding on costs for manufacturing exhibition prints and marketing (p. 20). See also p. 21, chart 1.2. The Box Office Mojo website gives
1743:
in its subtextual exploration of social and political issues, it doubled as a highly effective thriller and an incisive allegory for both the
1552:'s reputation for eroticism; the biker theme ("MURDERcycles") that soon proved its popularity in historic fashion; and that trendy title word—
5333:
6479:
5459:
2458:, a gore-filled yet stylish horror movie made for less than $ 400,000, debuted in Detroit. Its writer, director, and co-executive producer,
1762:
exploded. In this transformed commercial context, work like Russ Meyer's gained a new legitimacy. In 1969, for the first time a Meyer film,
864:, a British company seeking entry to the American market. Warners' former "Keeper of the Bs", Brian Foy, was installed as production chief.
403:, at first resistant to the double feature, soon adapted; all established B units to provide films for the expanding second-feature market.
10217:
5477:
5363:
5089:
4976:
4662:
For the film's cost: West (1974), p. 9; Rockoff (2002), p. 42. For its influence: Sapolsky and Molitor (1996), p. 36; Rubin (1999), p. 155.
3026:(see below) is perhaps even more applicable to his work. The rapid expansion of niche cable and satellite outlets such as Sci Fi (with its
5460:"From the True, the Good, the Beautiful to the Truly Beautiful Goods—audience identification strategies on German "B-Television" programs"
6706:
Hollywood: Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies—Vol. 1: Historical Dimensions: The Development of the American Film Industry
2980:
is the grade of motion picture at the low end of the B movie, or in some taxonomies, simply below it. In the 1980s, with the growth of
2786:
2601:
cost it had directly backed, the company began moving steadily into higher-budget genre productions. In 1994, New Line was sold to the
2164:
and marketed to the same audience targeted by AIP and New World. Horror continued to attract young, independent American directors. As
1666:
seal of approval helped weaken U.S. film censorship. And, as William Paul notes, this move into the horror genre by respected director
1211:
1662:
in earnings against a production cost of $ 800,000 made it the most profitable movie of 1960. Its mainstream distribution without the
8965:
1078:
9753:
3424:
Taves (1995), p. 317. Taves (like this article) adopts the usage of "programmer" argued for by author Don Miller in his 1973 study
2547:
1225:, is both a monster movie that happens to depict the horrific effects of radiation exposure and "a ferocious cold-war fable spins
5188:
1649:, never shows a fully bared, unpainted breast, but flirts with nudity throughout. The Meyer and Corman lines were drawing closer.
1520:, the 1960s saw a major expansion in the commercial viability of a variety of B movie subgenres that became known collectively as
959:
Still, most of the majors' low-budget production remained the sort now largely ignored. RKO's representative output included the
1821:
1482:
Despite all the transformations in the industry, by 1961 the average production cost of an American feature film was still only
9152:
2929:
2109:
In the early 1970s, the growing practice of screening nonmainstream motion pictures as late shows, with the goal of building a
937:(1940), a 64-minute B, was produced at RKO, which released many additional melodramatic thrillers in a similarly stylish vein.
199:
divisions. These divisions continued to create content similar to B movies, albeit in the form of low-budget films and series.
1695:(1963), a movie about human dismemberment and culinary preparation made for approximately $ 24,000 by experienced nudie-maker
10729:
10724:
10445:
7860:
5995:
2069:
made serious-minded low-budget horror films whose implications are not so much ideological as psychological and existential:
5778:
4178:
2383:
had once been exceptional; in the new Hollywood, increasingly under the sway of multi-industrial conglomerates, they ruled.
1955:
wrote, co-produced, directed, starred in, edited, and composed the music for the film, which was completed with a loan from
1935:
Blaxploitation was the first exploitation genre in which the major studios were central. Indeed, the United Artists release
728:
achieved a uniquely American perfection of the well-made story." At the far end of the industry, Poverty Row's Ajax put out
10870:
8613:
8402:
7163:
4413:
1947:
1215:(1956), released by Allied Artists, treats conformist pressures and the evil of banality in haunting, allegorical fashion.
736:, then in his fifties. The Weiss outfit had the Range Rider series, the American Rough Rider series, and the Morton of the
2780:
By the turn of the millennium, the average production cost of an American feature had already spent three years above the
2235:, which premiered a month after her release from prison in 1979—harkened all the way back to the 1920s and such movies as
1102:
was still used to refer to any low-budget genre film featuring relatively unheralded performers (sometimes referred to as
11048:
5420:
1130:, a 1953 RKO release, is the only film noir from the genre's classic period directed by a woman. That year, RKO released
857:
5630:
1739:, produced on weekends in and around Pittsburgh for $ 114,000. Building on the achievement of B genre predecessors like
10200:
8970:
7473:
4768:
3090:
2325:
1261:. As the film's title suggests, the studio relied on both fantastic genre subjects and new, teen-oriented angles. When
5062:
Mottram (2006), pp. 197–98; Wyatt (1998), p. 78. For details of the film's distribution, see Lewis (2002), pp. 286–88.
1525:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
7050:
7036:
7022:
7008:
6987:
6973:
6944:
6922:
6888:
6874:
6860:
6835:
6821:
6787:
6773:
6759:
6745:
6731:
6717:
6699:
6685:
6671:
6650:
6636:
6622:
6608:
6594:
6580:
6566:
6552:
6523:
6509:
6466:
6454:
6440:
6426:
6412:
6380:
6366:
6352:
6338:
6324:
6297:
6261:
6238:
6224:
6210:
6196:
6182:
6168:
6154:
6140:
6126:
6112:
6098:
6084:
6070:
6056:
6042:
6028:
6014:
5981:
5967:
5953:
5939:
5925:
5911:
5897:
5883:
5868:
5856:
5842:
5828:
5814:
5800:
5764:
5750:
5736:
5715:
5701:
5687:
5673:
5659:
5645:
5613:
5601:
5587:
5573:
5559:
5545:
5516:
3945:
2393:
4102:
1816:. The idea Fonda pitched combined those two proven themes. AIP was intrigued but balked at giving his collaborator,
6243:
Lubasch, Arnold H. (1979). "Allied Artists Seeks Help Under Bankruptcy Act; Allied Artists Files Chapter XI,"
1764:
837:
123:
6266:
Maltby, Richard (2000). "'The Problem of Interpretation...': Authorial and Institutional Intentions In and Around
4946:
4802:
3935:
10954:
9317:
8397:
7500:
7383:
7156:
6309:
4380:
1492:
1289:
1236:
1026:
972:
944:
In one sample year, 1947, RKO produced along with several noir programmers and A pictures, two straight B noirs:
804:
452:
382:
339:
151:
77:
10843:
10744:
10503:
10180:
8526:
8337:
7041:
Wyatt, Justin (1998). "The Formation of the 'Major Independent': Miramax, New Line, and the New Hollywood", in
3027:
1900:
1188:
436:(descendant of FBO), also belonged to companies with sizable theater chains, further securing the bottom line.
17:
9936:
9663:
9280:
8588:
8132:
7955:
7827:
7634:
6275:
4401:
2816:
2605:; it was soon being run as a midsized studio with a broad range of product alongside Warner Bros. within the
2516:
2512:
2507:
2137:
1611:
919:
737:
496:, known as the "Keeper of the Bs". At Fox, which also shifted half of its production line into B territory,
10964:
10865:
10513:
10319:
9551:
9526:
8377:
8357:
7510:
7060:
6740:, ed. Jim Collins, Hilary Radner, and Ava Preacher Collins, pp. 8–36. New York and London: Routledge.
5861:
Greenspun, Roger (1973). "Guercio's 'Electra Glide in Blue' Arrives: Director Makes Debut With a Mystery,"
5745:, ed. Poshek Fu and David Desser, pp. 19–43. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
5223:
4336:
See, e.g., Mathijs and Mendik (2008), p. 167; James (2005), pp. 282, 398; Cagin and Dray (1984), pp. 66–67.
3811:
2994:
2282:
cinema. ... ast exploitation films managed to exploit their cruelties by virtue of their marginality.
2171:
1473:
1312:
1198:
997:
448:
87:
7136:
6655:
Reynaud, Bérénice (2006). "Wanda's Shattered Lives" (booklet accompanying Parlour Pictures DVD release of
10937:
10848:
10734:
10642:
10473:
10081:
9653:
9206:
9071:
8760:
8088:
5137:
2199:
1126:
933:
553:, active 1936–40, occupied an analogous niche on Poverty Row, releasing mostly independent productions):
512:
2454:, a John Waters movie with a small budget and an old-school exploitation gimmick: Odorama. That October
856:
The leading Poverty Row firms began to broaden their scope; in 1947, Monogram established a subsidiary,
357:
before a single featured film. A new programming scheme developed that soon became standard practice: a
10947:
10932:
10739:
10091:
9698:
9541:
8186:
3182:
2602:
2409:
2259:
2135:(1972), with its campy spin on exploitation, spurred the development of the independent film movement.
1715:
The Production Code was officially scrapped in 1968, to be replaced by the first version of the modern
1627:
256:
first became established, and they have provided work for former A movie actors and actresses, such as
187:
2964:, which emerged in association with specific historical phenomena, are now often used as synonyms for
10647:
10542:
10438:
10101:
9658:
9613:
9521:
8899:
8342:
8302:
7853:
7463:
7271:
4435:
3216:
2489:
1971:
1725:
1397:
800:
717:
550:
226:
inferior to the more lavishly budgeted headliners; individual B films were often ignored by critics.
10853:
10610:
10562:
9603:
8623:
8618:
8486:
8327:
7950:
7515:
7308:
7298:
4395:
3151:
2775:
2559:
2483:
One of the most successful 1980s B studios was a survivor from the heyday of the exploitation era,
2306:
1735:
1318:
1253:
1217:
1132:
1120:
1013:
750:(1938) was such a success in its independent bookings that Columbia picked it up for distribution.
92:
31:
9668:
2515:
and a TV cartoon series. One of the few successful B studio startups of the decade was Rome-based
2257:—were action-oriented genre pictures of a type familiar from contemporary cinematic B production.
2125:. The midnight movie success of low-budget pictures made entirely outside the studio system, like
190:, this term specifically referred to films meant to be shown as the lesser-known second half of a
10895:
9593:
9471:
8923:
8727:
7930:
7901:
7756:
7453:
5999:
5976:, ed. Mark Jancovich, pp. 35–53. Manchester, UK, and New York: Manchester University Press.
5081:
4968:
4671:
For the film's cost and worldwide gross: Harper (2004), pp. 12–13. For its influence and debt to
3156:
3085:
3057:
2593:
2126:
1453:
1392:
1158:
952:
746:
6103:
Komiya, Megumi, and Barry Litman, "The Economics of the Prerecorded Videocassette Industry," in
2833:
warned of the impending "extinction" of "the cheesy, campy, guilty pleasures" of the B picture.
2583:
Surviving B movie operations adapted in different ways. Releases from Troma now frequently went
541:
early in the decade. In 1935, Monogram, Mascot, and several smaller studios merged to establish
10905:
10696:
10662:
9865:
9813:
9678:
9399:
9191:
9000:
8872:
8705:
8608:
8593:
8387:
8275:
7729:
7698:
7664:
7641:
7629:
6690:
Sapolsky, Barry S., and Fred Molitor (1996). "Content Trends in Contemporary Horror Films," in
6345:
Kings of the Bs: Working Within the Hollywood System—An Anthology of Film History and Criticism
5441:
See, e.g., Schneider and Williams (2005), pp. 2, 5; Syder and Tierney (2005), pp. 34–35, 50–53.
5393:
2798:
2553:
2331:
1937:
1696:
1059:
913:
907:
820:
4005:
Corman (1998), p. 36. It appears Corman made at least one true B picture—according to Arkoff,
3077:
production houses may be thought of as early Z movies. The films of director Ed Wood, such as
2263:(1976) headed straight into the realm of road-tripping-girls-in-redneck-bondage exploitation.
2247:, FBO pictures made swiftly in the wake of celebrity misfortunes. Many 1970s TV films—such as
1436:
opened at a remarkable 600 theaters, and the strategy was a smashing success: the film earned
537:
A number of the top Poverty Row firms consolidated: Sono Art joined another company to create
492:
production at Warner Bros. was raised from 12 to 50% of studio output. The unit was headed by
11026:
10716:
10706:
10049:
9608:
9250:
9140:
8797:
7749:
7505:
7448:
7213:
5113:
4551:
3254:
with just enough originality and uniqueness to make them enjoyable and fun and distracting."
2689:, respectively—to explore issues of contemporary relevance. The budget of David Cronenberg's
2610:
2545:
at the U.S. box office, two would have been strictly B-movie material before the late 1970s:
2379:
2223:
2185:
2099:
2094:
1977:
1960:
1828:
menace, as well as a fair amount of nudity) was brought in at a cost of $ 501,000. It earned
1508:
1202:(1955))—provided little more than thrills, though their special effects could be impressive.
1072:
725:
549:
produced little, focusing on the distribution of prestigious films from independent outfits;
530:
146:
82:
10086:
7096:
4354:
Financial figures per associate producer William L. Hayward, cited in Biskind (1998), p. 74.
2403:
in 1979. The studio was sold off and dissolved as a moviemaking concern by the end of 1980.
1984:
1432:
could for a week's run, then withdrawing it before poor word-of-mouth withdrew it for him".
11053:
10942:
10632:
10431:
10402:
10299:
10195:
9858:
9561:
9426:
9238:
9172:
8583:
8520:
8515:
8392:
8206:
8159:
8041:
7992:
7891:
7846:
7591:
7490:
7244:
5741:
Desser, David (2000). "The Kung Fu Craze: Hong Kong Cinema's First American Reception", in
4374:
3111:
2576:
2369:
2337:
2275:
had been a big hit, but it had little in common with the exploitation style. Warner Bros.'
2243:
2018:
1786:
1759:
1641:
1599:
1585:
1413:
1387:
1329:
1278:
1010:
877:
421:
218:
116:
6494:
5552:
Declarations of Independence: American Cinema and the Partiality of Independent production
4771:
for a record of the sales and mergers involving the eight major studios of the Golden Age.
2511:(1984); its hideous hero, affectionately known as Toxie, was featured in three sequels, a
2179:
for less than $ 300,000, it became one of the most influential horror films of the 1970s.
8:
10860:
10615:
10518:
10508:
9905:
9778:
9763:
9628:
9531:
9466:
9162:
9123:
8995:
8980:
8807:
8566:
8372:
8347:
8312:
8265:
7769:
7761:
7422:
7320:
6217:
Hollywood v. Hard Core: How the Struggle over Censorship Created the Modern Film Industry
4407:
3817:
2717:
2501:
2484:
2319:
2277:
2071:
2045:
1881:
1621:
1403:
1324:
1229:, the army's obsessive secrecy, and America's post-war growth into one fantastic whole".
1114:
733:
413:
320:
6704:
Schaefer, Eric (1992). "Of Hygiene and Hollywood: Origins of the Exploitation Film", in
6459:
Nason, Richard (1959). "Weak 'Hercules'; Italian-Made Spectacle Opens at 135 Theatres,"
4739:
3821:
replaces it in this analysis (the two films happen to be virtually identical in length).
2912:
have opened up entirely new avenues for the presentation of low-budget motion pictures.
2757:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1532:", which typically had no regular schedule at all). The most famous of those promoters,
10657:
10309:
10229:
10153:
10039:
10029:
9931:
9823:
9803:
9703:
9683:
9451:
9379:
9285:
9270:
9201:
8906:
8842:
8700:
8680:
8571:
8221:
8142:
8076:
8066:
8029:
7659:
7370:
7193:
6917:
6805:
6474:
6461:
6304:
6245:
5863:
5625:
5608:
5566:
Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock'n'Roll Generation Saved Hollywood
5511:
4892:
3125:
2859:
2712:
2641:
2249:
2153:
1952:
1920:. Hill also directed Grier's best-known performances, in two AIP blaxploitation films:
1906:
1852:
1654:
1544:
1257:(1957) thus brought AIP a large return, made for about $ 100,000, it grossed more than
1240:
984:
525:
473:
433:
417:
203:
7045:, ed. Stephen Neale and Murray Smith, pp. 74–90. New York and London: Routledge.
2367:(1977) had each, in turn, become the highest-grossing film in motion picture history.
1712:, highly stylized pictures mixing sexploitation and ultraviolence, fueled this trend.
1304:
received his first screen credits as writer and associate producer of Allied Artists'
303:'s association with Columbia helped vault the studio toward Hollywood's major leagues.
10987:
10900:
10669:
10537:
10408:
10359:
10148:
10071:
9921:
9875:
9848:
9843:
9833:
9748:
9708:
9486:
9374:
9364:
9290:
9218:
9098:
8943:
8938:
8867:
8822:
8785:
8722:
8710:
8628:
8576:
8510:
8505:
8481:
8449:
8181:
8176:
7925:
7785:
7596:
7485:
7360:
7315:
7293:
7249:
7198:
7046:
7032:
7031:, exp. and rev. ed. New York and Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press.
7018:
7004:
6983:
6969:
6940:
6884:
6870:
6856:
6831:
6817:
6783:
6769:
6755:
6741:
6727:
6713:
6695:
6681:
6667:
6646:
6632:
6618:
6604:
6590:
6576:
6562:
6548:
6519:
6505:
6450:
6436:
6422:
6408:
6376:
6362:
6348:
6334:
6320:
6293:
6257:
6234:
6220:
6206:
6192:
6178:
6164:
6150:
6136:
6122:
6108:
6094:
6080:
6066:
6052:
6038:
6024:
6010:
5991:
5977:
5963:
5949:
5935:
5921:
5907:
5893:
5879:
5852:
5838:
5824:
5810:
5796:
5760:
5746:
5732:
5711:
5697:
5683:
5669:
5655:
5641:
5597:
5583:
5569:
5555:
5541:
4548:
Quoted in Reynaud (2006). See Reynaud also for Loden's fundraising efforts. See also
3941:
3249:
3194:
2722:
2711:, by a consortium of production companies, it was picked up for U.S. distribution by
2691:
2677:
2617:, a series of thirteen straight-to-cable movies produced by Concorde–New Horizons. A
2422:
2293:
2077:
2051:
1928:
1912:
1704:
1632:
1006:
815:
542:
538:
520:
465:
460:
456:
335:
312:
292:
269:
195:
9583:
7055:
Zeitchik, Steven, and Nicole Laporte (2006). "Atomic Label Proves a Blast for Fox",
6881:
Land of a Thousand Balconies: Discoveries and Confessions of a B-Movie Archaeologist
6119:
Sleazoid Express: A Mind-Twisting Tour through the Grindhouse Cinema of Times Square
5582:(1972), ed. William Johnson, pp. 74–76. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
1802:, to American International. Fonda had become AIP's top star in the Corman-directed
11007:
10621:
10488:
10379:
10369:
10279:
10207:
10190:
10185:
10106:
10034:
9900:
9895:
9885:
9880:
9828:
9768:
9738:
9693:
9556:
9456:
9369:
9332:
9037:
8985:
8911:
8852:
8765:
8561:
8554:
8444:
8317:
8169:
8154:
8118:
8103:
8036:
8007:
7987:
7896:
7601:
7458:
7332:
7230:
7003:. Cranbury, N.J., London, and Mississauga, Ontario: Associated University Presses.
6396:
Morrow, John (1996). "Cinekirbyesque: Examining Jack's Deal with Empire Pictures,"
6021:
The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles
5918:
Ghouls, Gimmicks, and Gold: Horror Films and the American Movie Business, 1953–1968
3706:, June 7, 2005; Robert Sklar, "Film Noir Lite: When Actions Have No Consequences,"
3243:
3177:
2981:
2653:
2526:
2450:
2363:
2346:
2213:
On television, the parallels between the weekly series that became the mainstay of
2121:. One of the first films adopted by the new circuit in 1971 was the three-year-old
2066:
2039:
1730:
1667:
1569:
1487:
1449:
1445:
1408:
1378:
1366:
1351:
became known as the great innovator of the B movie publicity gimmick. Audiences of
1244:
1182:
of the business. Most down-market films of the type—like many of those produced by
1136:, which concludes in a nuclear test range, and is perhaps the first "atomic noir".
1091:
1021:
946:
924:
894:
861:
444:
425:
366:
316:
234:
171:
7081:
6601:
Fifty Filmmakers: Conversations with Directors from Roger Avary to Steven Zaillian
4186:
2657:(1990) was backed by a group of mostly small production companies and the cost of
2505:(1987), take exploitation for an absurdist spin. Troma's best-known production is
2149:
phenomenon, it contributed to the mainstreaming of the theatrical midnight movie.
10686:
10567:
10329:
10254:
10244:
10239:
10224:
10133:
10076:
9975:
9870:
9788:
9783:
9713:
9648:
9568:
9441:
9436:
9409:
9305:
9103:
9066:
9012:
9005:
8958:
8832:
8802:
8715:
8675:
8670:
8603:
8549:
8534:
8454:
8429:
8424:
8362:
8280:
8270:
8231:
8147:
8071:
7997:
7812:
7535:
7378:
7261:
7143:
7067:
6331:
Hostile Aliens, Hollywood, and Today's News: 1950s Science Fiction Films and 9/11
6282:
5785:
5666:
Lost Illusions: American Cinema in the Shadow of Watergate and Vietnam, 1970–1979
5505:
Archer, Eugene (1960). "'House of Usher': Poe Story on Bill With 'Why Must I Die?
3894:
3228:
3207:
2904:
2896:
2877:
2668:
2627:
2584:
2495:
2431:
2418:
2114:
1860:
1804:
1754:
1663:
1577:
1565:
1517:
1498:
1306:
1294:
1154:
1045:
500:
was similarly in charge of more than twenty movies a year during the late 1930s.
440:
214:
179:
109:
72:
9963:
1652:
One of the most influential films of the era, on Bs and beyond, was Paramount's
327:
and films made quickly for around $ 50,000. These cheaper films (not yet called
10992:
10920:
10314:
10284:
10264:
10126:
10111:
10056:
10014:
9853:
9808:
9798:
9773:
9728:
9718:
9496:
9476:
9446:
9431:
9389:
9354:
9312:
9300:
9295:
9088:
9059:
8948:
8933:
8877:
8732:
8690:
8201:
8017:
7908:
7795:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7530:
4617:
See, e.g., Stevenson (2003), pp. 49–50; Hollows (2003); Staiger (2000), p. 112.
4419:
3199:
3094:
3079:
2999:
2960:
2954:
2659:
2476:, and became a hit. In the words of one newspaper critic, it was a "shoestring
2463:
2462:, was a week shy of his twenty-second birthday; star and co-executive producer
2414:
2237:
2180:
2131:
1891:
1876:
1785:
In May 1969, the most important exploitation movie of the era premiered at the
1778:
1720:
1646:
1636:
1573:
1477:
1371:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1270:
1222:
1183:
1173:
1162:
1141:
1043:
was known as "the Capra of PRC". Ulmer made films of every generic stripe: his
1040:
886:
546:
497:
481:
388:
299:(1928) was made for less than $ 20,000 (about $ 297,791 today). Soon, director
273:
253:
245:
191:
183:
159:
10170:
9968:
9260:
5416:
1615:(1965), made for about $ 45,000, ultimately became the most famous of Meyer's
11042:
10691:
10582:
10557:
10523:
10493:
10483:
10289:
10269:
9818:
9758:
9743:
9633:
9578:
9573:
9546:
9516:
9481:
9322:
9275:
9265:
9228:
9196:
9186:
9177:
9147:
9017:
8953:
8894:
8889:
8827:
8792:
8737:
8695:
8665:
8655:
8648:
8464:
8412:
8382:
8367:
8322:
8307:
8226:
8093:
8046:
8012:
7972:
7940:
7913:
7586:
7576:
7090:
4009:, to Corman's displeasure, was handled as a second feature (Strawn , p. 258).
2921:
2917:
2900:
2889:
2804:
2472:
2440:
2399:
2388:
2350:
2029:
2010:
1988:
1817:
1700:
1616:
1283:
1274:
1150:
992:
988:
968:
964:
786:
759:
409:
404:
400:
354:
257:
155:
9598:
6928:
Tuska, Jon (1974). "The American Western Cinema: 1903–Present", in Nachbar,
4378:
as 1970, when it made most of its money, but it premiered in December 1969.
3815:
as 1955, when it made most of its money, but it premiered in December 1954.
3048:
960:
10915:
10603:
10552:
10547:
10160:
10143:
10096:
9946:
9890:
9421:
9416:
9347:
9223:
9167:
9118:
9093:
9081:
8812:
8544:
8539:
8476:
8439:
8417:
8407:
8285:
8216:
8196:
8098:
8056:
7962:
7945:
7790:
7744:
7708:
7417:
7337:
7325:
6724:"Bold! Daring! Shocking! True!": A History of Exploitation Films, 1919–1959
3937:
The Battle for the Bs: 1950s Hollywood and the Rebirth of Low-Budget Cinema
3187:
3142:
3130:
2933:
2704:
2682:
2636:
2288:
2254:
2231:
2023:
1993:
1886:
1856:
1686:
1605:
1418:
1382:
1337:
1301:
1235:
was released by a new company whose name was much bigger than its budgets.
1146:
882:
763:
755:
429:
362:
241:
141:
7739:
7124:
6472:
O'Connor, John J. (1995). "Horror Hero of the 90's, Half Man, Half Bomb,"
6107:, ed. Julia R. Dobrow, pp. 25–44. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
2113:
audience, brought the midnight movie concept home to the cinema, now in a
841:, an RKO thriller made for a fraction over $ 200,000. It earned more than
11002:
10959:
10701:
10577:
10572:
10498:
10478:
10454:
10412:
10374:
10354:
10349:
10334:
10324:
10304:
10234:
10212:
10138:
10044:
9985:
9980:
9838:
9643:
9623:
9588:
9337:
9233:
8990:
8975:
8916:
8882:
8660:
8633:
8598:
8469:
8459:
8332:
8292:
8260:
8211:
8127:
8108:
8081:
7977:
7935:
7886:
7822:
7703:
7669:
7651:
7616:
7606:
7412:
7350:
7345:
7266:
7254:
7148:
4429:
4225:
Frasier (1997), pp. 9–11, 90; Denisoff and Romanowski (1991), pp. 116–18.
3165:
3074:
3007:
2830:
2622:
2606:
2359:
2354:
2176:
2165:
2118:
2034:
1942:
1833:
1799:
1772:. Soon, Corman was creating nudity-filled sexploitation pictures such as
1744:
1691:
1581:
1533:
1357:
1193:
928:
832:
782:
767:
705:
516:
343:
308:
300:
265:
261:
222:
4938:
4794:
3270:
2065:, is also an agonized protest of the war in Vietnam. Canadian filmmaker
1824:. The film (which incorporated another favorite exploitation theme, the
1603:, in 1959. Five years later, Meyer came out with his breakthrough film,
1407:(1958), major influences on future horror film style. In 1959, Levine's
10997:
10927:
10910:
10468:
10364:
10344:
10294:
10274:
10259:
10249:
10165:
10116:
9926:
9733:
9673:
9491:
9384:
9327:
9255:
9213:
9044:
8862:
8847:
8817:
8775:
8744:
8434:
8297:
8061:
8002:
7982:
7872:
7624:
7478:
7114:
7099:, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
6893:
Strawn, Linda May (1975 ). "Samuel Z. Arkoff ", in McCarthy and Flynn,
6694:, ed. James B. Weaver, pp. 33–48. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5522:
3173:
3169:
3161:
2952:
describe progressively lower grades of the B movie category. The terms
2925:
2881:
2854:
2588:
2571:
2565:
2214:
2146:
2057:
2006:
1998:
1965:
1956:
1791:
1699:, established a new, more immediately successful subgenre, the gore or
1645:(1967) for American International, written by veteran AIP/Corman actor
1594:
1549:
1529:
1226:
1206:
1109:
905:'s horror unit at RKO. Lewton produced such moody, mysterious films as
902:
890:
846:
778:
721:
709:
508:
350:
249:
210:
7109:
6908:
Taves, Brian (1995 ). "The B Film: Hollywood's Other Half", in Balio,
6738:
Film Theory Goes to the Movies: Cultural Analysis of Contemporary Film
2487:, founded in 1974. Troma's most characteristic productions, including
1560:
Exploitation movies in the original sense continued to appear: 1961's
1053:; by the end of the year, Ulmer had also made the teen-themed musical
729:
10175:
10121:
10019:
9958:
9951:
9793:
9688:
9638:
9359:
9245:
9108:
9054:
8857:
8780:
8770:
8643:
8638:
8253:
8248:
8238:
8164:
8137:
8113:
8051:
8024:
7967:
7799:
7724:
7581:
7468:
7432:
7238:
7225:
6768:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
6449:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
6203:
Wallowing in Sex: The New Sexual Culture of 1970s American Television
6065:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
6023:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
5668:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
5540:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press.
2892:
2459:
2438:
Larry Cohen continued to twist genre conventions in pictures such as
2218:
2161:
2110:
2083:
2062:
1917:
1895:
1681:
1248:
flat rate, they were rented out on a percentage basis, like A films.
1149:, had previously appeared in only one major film. Its source is pure
872:
850:
713:
503:
493:
277:
38:
8837:
6708:(2004), ed. Thomas Schatz, pp. 161–80 (originally published in
6692:
Horror Films: Current Research on Audience Preferences and Reactions
6573:
Down and Dirty: Hollywood's Exploitation Filmmakers and Their Movies
6545:
A New Pot of Gold: Hollywood Under the Electronic Rainbow, 1980–1989
3006:) after its first year. Updating a concept introduced by TV hostess
1539:
1086:
by the turn of the decade—a 93% rise after adjusting for inflation.
323:. That average reflected both "specials" that might cost as much as
10061:
9723:
9618:
9404:
9394:
9342:
9032:
8491:
8243:
7920:
7734:
7646:
7564:
7427:
7303:
7208:
6792:
Schrader, Paul (1972). "Notes on Film Noir", in Silver and Ursini,
5258:
3232:
2703:
suggests exploitation at its most disturbingly sick", wrote critic
2521:
2467:
2014:
1032:
976:
741:
358:
288:
6063:
Bad Girls and Sick Boys: Fantasies in Contemporary Art and Culture
5538:
Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise, 1930–1939
2992:
Helping to popularize the notion of the C movie was the TV series
2373:, released in December 1978, had proved that a studio could spend
1758:
could now show "adult" imagery, while the market for increasingly
1448:, known for distributing international matinee fare like the 1959
1417:, a cheaply made Italian movie starring American-born bodybuilder
10384:
10009:
9027:
7525:
7355:
7220:
7203:
7185:
6915:
Thompson, Howard (1960). "'Hercules Unchained' Heads Twin Bill",
6643:
Going to Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film, 1978–1986
5974:
Defining Cult Movies: The Cultural Politics of Oppositional Taste
5652:
Assault of the Killer B's: Interviews with 20 Cult Film Actresses
5640:
New York and Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press.
3728:
For a detailed consideration of classic B noir, see Lyons (2000).
3052:
3043:
3015:
2909:
2686:
2157:
1825:
1749:
867:
845:
in rentals, industry language for a distributor's share of gross
701:
97:
6752:
The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era
6615:
Hollywood 'B' Movies: A Treasury of Spills, Chills & Thrills
5364:
Coleman Francis: The Real Worst Director in Film History – Paste
1496:, opened at neighborhood theaters in New York. A suspense film,
1425:
on advertising and publicity, a virtually unprecedented amount.
1168:
158:
headlines a cast of veteran character actors along with a young
10678:
10339:
9536:
9461:
9113:
9049:
9022:
8685:
8498:
8352:
7806:
7085:
6302:
Maslin, Janet (1997). "An Orgy of Bent Fenders and Bent Love,"
6290:
Hollywood Cauldron: 13 Horror Films from the Genre's Golden Age
2853:
releases are expected." Fox launched a new subsidiary in 2006,
2647:
1963:, then best known for releasing dubbed versions of the Italian
1709:
1597:, who released his first successful narrative nudie, the comic
1036:
980:
248:
learned their craft in B movies. They are where actors such as
230:
10423:
7838:
7119:
6957:" (commentary accompanying Xenon Entertainment DVD release of
5793:
The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood
5680:
How I Made a Hundred Movies in Hollywood and Never Lost a Dime
5638:
Licence to Thrill: A Cultural History of the James Bond Films.
5285:"Inventing 'Sharknado': Inside Syfy's Booming B-Movie Factory"
2793:
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe
2156:
began appearing as imports regularly during the 1970s. These "
136:
10529:
10024:
9157:
9135:
9128:
8928:
7397:
7281:
7015:
High Contrast: Race and Gender in Contemporary Hollywood Film
6937:
The Vanishing Legion: A History of Mascot Pictures, 1927–1935
6373:
Celluloid Mavericks: The History of American Independent Film
5988:
Cultural Borrowings: Appropriation, Reworking, Transformation
5247:
Rabiger (2008), pp. 7, 10; Davies and Wistreich (2007), p. 5.
4518:
Haines (2003), p. 69; Landis and Clifford (2002), pp. 117–21.
2885:
1922:
3702:, August 22, 2006; Dave Kehr, "Critic's Choice: New DVD's,"
3288:
1898:, who began her film career with a bit part in Russ Meyer's
766:. These series films are not to be confused with the short,
9076:
7869:
7001:
Hearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film
6666:. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
5990:, ed. Iain Robert Smith, pp. 8–33. Nottingham: Scope.
5821:
The Films of Roger Corman: "Shooting My Way out of Trouble"
3809:
See Finler (2003), pp. 357–58, for top films. Finler lists
3227:
Mentioning the highly successful entertainment programs of
3003:
4590:
Kauffman (1998), pp. 118–28; Williams (1996), pp. 198–200.
4527:
Haines (2003), p. 49; Landis and Clifford (2002), pp. 3–4.
3220:, a talk show about human sexuality that was televised by
2569:, and the year's biggest hit, the slapstick kiddie comedy
2541:. Of the nine films released that year to gross more than
1609:, which combined sex, violence, and a dramatic storyline.
1568:
about a young lady whose boyfriend's promiscuity leads to
1421:. On top of a $ 125,000 purchase price, Levine then spent
6844:: Evidence of a Style", rev. ver., in Silver and Ursini,
6814:
Drive-In Theaters: A History from Their Inception in 1933
6091:
Beasts and Behemoths: Prehistoric Creatures in the Movies
3324:
Balio (1995), p. 29. See also Schatz (1999), pp. 16, 324.
3221:
3031:
1813:
1381:
financed the shooting of new footage with American actor
408:
profitability of every B movie. The parallel practice of
30:
This article is about the film type. For other uses, see
6803:
Scott, A. O. (2005). "Where Have All the Howlers Gone?"
6405:
The Sundance Kids: How the Mavericks Took Back Hollywood
5904:
Legacy of Blood: A Comprehensive Guide to Slasher Movies
5619:
Canby, Vincent (1984). "Down-and-Out Youths in 'Suburbia
5256:
4675:: Rockoff (2002), pp. 42–44, 50–55; Paul (1994), p. 320.
3924:
Auty (2005), p. 34. See also Shapiro (2002), pp. 120–24.
3369:
Epstein (2005), p. 6. See also Schatz (1999), pp. 16–17.
1269:(1959). David Cook credits AIP with leading the way "in
1265:(1958) turned a profit, hot rod horror was given a try:
7093:
analysis by Michael C. LaBarbera, University of Chicago
6828:
Atomic Bomb Cinema: The Apocalyptic Imagination on Film
6516:
Laughing, Screaming: Modern Hollywood Horror and Comedy
5986:
Hunter, I. Q. (2009). "Exploitation as Adaptation", in
4784:
as the average production cost in 1980, and a total of
4372:
See Finler (2003), p. 359, for top films. Finler lists
3987:
Denisoff and Romanowski (1991), pp. 64–65, 95–100, 105.
3830:
See, e.g., Matthews (2007), p. 92; Lyons (2000), p. 53.
2998:(1988–99), which ran on national cable channels (first
2639:, who built a reputation with violent B movies such as
2466:
was twenty-three. It was picked up for distribution by
1904:(1970). Several New World pictures followed, including
1139:
The most famous such movie, the independently produced
1039:: with his own crew and relatively free rein, director
7103:
6502:
A Reference Guide to the American Film Noir: 1940–1958
6161:
Blaxploitation Films of the 1970s: Blackness and Genre
5972:
Hollows, Joanne (2003). "The Masculinity of Cult," in
5727:
Denisoff, R. Serge, and William D. Romanowski (1991).
5578:
Braucort, Guy (1970). "Interview with Don Siegel", in
5417:"The Psychotronic Man (interview with Michael Weldon)"
4868:
Cost per Bruce Campbell, cited in Warren (2001), p. 45
2537:
By 1990, the cost of the average U.S. film had passed
1832:
in rentals. In the words of historians Seth Cagin and
1588:
pornography of previous decades. As far back as 1933,
1310:. Corman soon independently produced his first movie,
334:
Studios in the minor leagues of the industry, such as
209:
In either usage, most B movies represent a particular
2189:(1978), produced on a $ 320,000 budget, grossed over
1385:
that was edited into the Japanese sci-fi horror film
229:
Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple
6949:
Van Peebles, Melvin (2003). "The Real Deal: What It
5890:
Heritage Signature Vintage Movie Poster Auction #636
3698:
See, e.g., Dave Kehr, "Critic's Choice: New DVD's,"
2733:
1991:
spent six years raising funds for the production of
6867:
Blockbuster TV: Must-see Sitcoms in the Network Era
6726:. Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press.
6629:
Movie Westerns: Hollywood Films the Wild, Wild West
5920:. Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press.
5134:
4769:
Major film studio#Historical organizational lineage
4384:, 51 minutes shorter, replaces it in this analysis.
2895:, these media could not rival the image quality of
311:, the production cost of an average feature from a
6869:. New York and London: New York University Press.
6319:. Maidenhead and New York: Open University Press.
6254:Death on the Cheap: The Lost B Movies of Film Noir
5849:The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga
5383:
5136:
3428:(New York: Ballantine). As Taves notes, "the term
3089:(1957), the latter frequently cited as one of the
1868:, cost $ 117,000 to produce and took in more than
217:was a Golden Age B movie staple, while low-budget
6778:Schneider, Steven Jay, and Tony Williams (2005).
6315:Mathijs, Ernest, and Xavier Mendik, eds. (2008).
5111:
4549:
4282:Heffernan (2004), p. 221; Cook (2002), pp. 70–71.
3915:Lev (2003), pp. 186, 184; Braucort (1970), p. 75.
3680:Schatz (1999), p. 232; Finler (2003), pp. 219–20.
3061:(1957) is often called "the worst film ever made"
1035:, and death. The little studio had its own house
11040:
7137:Paste Magazine's 100 Best "B Movies" of All Time
6599:Rausch, Andrew J., with Michael Dequina (2008).
6343:McCarthy, Todd, and Charles Flynn, eds. (1975).
6135:, 2d ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
5743:The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity
5708:The Film Finance Handbook: How to Fund Your Film
5221:
4939:"Movie Box Office Results by Year, 1980–Present"
4881:, May 27, 1983), quoted in Warren (2001), p. 94.
4795:"Movie Box Office Results by Year, 1980–Present"
4693:Schaefer (1999), p. 224; Goodwin (1987), p. 341.
4234:Frank (1998), p. 186; McGilligan (1996), p. 183.
2117:setting—something like a drive-in movie for the
1685:(1961), an early step in the development of the
6736:Schatz, Thomas (1993). "The New Hollywood", in
6504:. Metuchen, N.J., and London: Scarecrow Press.
6033:Jewell, Richard B., with Vernon Harbin (1982).
5720:Denby, David (1985). "Where the Coyotes Howl",
5453:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5282:
5187:. Spectrum Strategy Consultants. Archived from
5182:"One More Ride on the Hollywood Roller-coaster"
5179:
3649:Schatz (1999), p. 295; Naremore (1998), p. 142.
2863:report, "Fox Atomic is staying at or below the
1723:. Produced by B horror veteran William Castle,
1548:(1965) was not hard to market. It had director
1098:the Golden Age-style second feature was dying,
1063:, a South Seas adventure set around a brothel.
6992:West, Richard (1974). "Scariest Movie Ever?",
6982:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
6851:Silver, Alain, and James Ursini, eds. (1996).
4131:Per Corman, quoted in Di Franco (1979), p. 97.
3857:Muller (1998), p. 176; Cousins (2004), p. 198.
3303:Finler (2003), pp. 41–42; Balio (2003), p. 29.
2825:familiar brand of B movie was in grave doubt.
1975:, as well as for its one in-house production,
439:Poverty Row studios, from modest outfits like
182:), is a type of cheap, poorly made commercial
10439:
7854:
7164:
6883:. Manchester, UK: Headpress/Critical Vision.
5958:Hoberman, J., and Jonathan Rosenbaum (1983).
5706:Davies, Adam P., and Nicol Wistreich (2007).
5478:"Blu-ray Review (Sort of): Stargate Atlantis"
4890:
3662:2, no. 1 ), quoted in Ottoson (1981), p. 145.
3377:
3375:
3150:is the term used by the German media scholar
2323:(1970) and especially in the mega-schlock of
1969:"shockumentaries" and the Swedish skin flick
1462:
117:
6547:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
6117:Landis, Bill, and Michelle Clifford (2002).
5444:
5414:
5327:
5259:"What is CGI? – Everything You Need to Know"
5122:Would Have Made a Great Blaxploitation Film"
4176:
2811:Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
1049:was released in May 1943, six months before
871:Often marketed as pure sensationalism, many
712:, the Columbia features with Buck Jones and
529:(1938) lasts just 55 minutes, average for a
7029:Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan—and Beyond
6766:Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s
6121:. New York: Fireside/Simon & Schuster.
6051:(1976), pp. 263–79. New York: Warner.
3018:has been called "the master of the 'C-movie
2849:) and niche features ($ 5–20m). Fewer $ 30–
2796:, respectively), a child-targeted cartoon (
10446:
10432:
7861:
7847:
7178:
7171:
7157:
6816:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
6796:, pp. 53–63 (originally published in
6680:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
6645:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
6589:, 4th ed. Burlington, Mass.: Focal Press.
6447:More Than Night: Film Noir in Its Contexts
6359:Jack's Life: A Biography of Jack Nicholson
6292:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
6233:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
6047:Kael, Pauline (1973). "Un-People," in her
5878:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
5809:, 3d ed. London and New York: Wallflower.
5654:. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland.
5457:
5175:
5173:
4933:
4931:
4780:Finler (2003), p. 42. Prince (2002) gives
4071:
4069:
3960:Strawn (1974), p. 259; Lev (2003), p. 206.
3372:
3271:"B-film | motion-picture commercial grade"
2557:. Three more—the science-fiction thriller
2005:In 1970, a low-budget crime drama shot in
1689:subgenre that took off in the late 1970s.
1066:
376:
124:
110:
6782:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
6587:Directing: Film Techniques and Aesthetics
6435:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
6231:Westerns in a Changing America, 1955–2000
6147:RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All
6093:. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
5475:
3622:Jewell (1982), 181; Lasky (1989), 184–85.
3586:Schatz (1999), pp. 19–21, 45, 72, 160–63.
2197:, in turn, largely followed the model of
1444:Also playing rounds during this time was
1079:federal antitrust suit against the majors
10755:
5606:Canby, Vincent (1969). "By Russ Meyer,"
4181:Something Weird Traveling Roadshow Films
3333:See Finler (2003), pp. 26, 41–43, 47–49.
3047:
2671:'s micro-budget monster movies, such as
1983:
1538:
1167:
866:
502:
287:
135:
7017:. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
6518:. New York: Columbia University Press.
6219:. New York: New York University Press.
6205:. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
6175:Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2001
5678:Corman, Roger, with Jim Jerome (1998).
5554:. Bristol, UK, and Chicago: Intellect.
5423:from the original on September 11, 2006
5170:
4928:
4644:Cook (2000), pp. 266–71; Desser (2000).
4535:
4533:
4242:
4240:
4066:
3320:
3318:
2681:(1997), reframe classic genre subjects—
2563:, the action-filled detective thriller
1752:established, major studio A films like
967:comedy series, thrillers featuring the
849:receipts. Particularly in the realm of
762:comedies, and musicals with child star
14:
11041:
7097:Dwight Cleveland collection of posters
6419:Dark City: The Lost World of Film Noir
6105:Social and Cultural Aspects of VCR Use
5759:. New York and London: Chelsea House.
4949:from the original on December 30, 2006
4805:from the original on December 30, 2006
4103:Miami's B-Movie Mogul|Miami New Times|
3884:Schrader (1972), p. 61; Silver (1995).
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3247:used the term "B-TV" when he reviewed
2667:, was financed totally independently.
2221:expanded with the introduction of the
10427:
7842:
7152:
6712:30). New York and London: Routledge.
6491:Journal of American Studies of Turkey
5592:Cagin, Seth, and Philip Dray (1984).
5374:See, e.g., Quarles (2001), pp. 79–84.
5149:from the original on January 11, 2022
5092:from the original on January 17, 2007
4979:from the original on December 6, 2006
4635:Hoberman and Rosenbaum (1983), p. 13.
3978:Cook (2000), p. 324. See also p. 171.
3933:
3180:. In his article Schumacher mentions
3117:The Psychotronic Encyclopedia of Film
3100:
1124:. Her best known directorial effort,
1077:In 1948, a Supreme Court ruling in a
818:brought his bloated-budget spectacle
264:. Some actors and actresses, such as
206:to independent arthouse productions.
6809:, "Arts & Leisure," December 18.
6561:, 14th ed. London et al.: Time Out.
6149:. Santa Monica, Calif.: Roundtable.
6079:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
5876:The Moviegoing Experience, 1968–2001
5731:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.
5384:McDonagh, Maitland (July 17, 2006).
5308:See, e.g., Komiya and Litman (1990).
4530:
4237:
3315:
2737:
995:in six films between 1939 and 1941.
875:also possessed great visual beauty.
519:) did not get much time in harness.
7104:Interviews of B movie professionals
6855:. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Limelight.
6037:. New York: Arlington House/Crown.
5476:Henriksen, Erik (August 19, 2011).
5222:Fleming, Michael (April 19, 2009).
5135:Saroyan, Strawberry (May 6, 2007).
4792:as the 1980 production figure; see
3613:See, e.g., Finler (2003), pp. 4, 6.
3402:
3360:See, e.g., Balio (1995), pp. 103–4.
2939:
2787:Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
2413:(1982), written by feminist author
1580:footage or striptease artists like
893:, it was released by Poverty Row's
720:series, the Republic Westerns with
24:
10201:List of American independent films
7474:List of American independent films
6830:. New York and London: Routledge.
6189:Transforming the Screen: 1950–1959
6163:. New York and London: Routledge.
5851:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
5755:Di Franco, J. Philip, ed. (1979).
5568:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
5328:Campos, Eric (December 12, 2005).
4891:Kraus, Daniel (October 30, 1999).
4122:Quoted in Di Franco (1979), p. 97.
3658:Robert Smith ("Mann in the Dark,"
3478:Adapted from Finler (2003), p. 26.
2609:conglomerate. The following year,
835:: one of 1943's biggest films was
25:
11065:
7075:
6959:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
6955:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
6191:. New York et al.: Thomson-Gale.
5580:Focus on the Science Fiction Film
5330:"David Payne: Do Fear the Reeker"
5283:Suddath, Claire (July 12, 2013).
5257:Nashville Film Institute (2021).
4345:Cagin and Dray (1984), pp. 61–66.
4300:Heffernan (2004), pp. 190, 200–1.
4018:Rausch and Dequina (2008), p. 56.
3710:, "Week in Review," June 2, 2002.
3671:Schatz (1999), p. 173, table 6.3.
2734:Transition in the 2000s and after
1948:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
1300:In 1954, a young filmmaker named
11021:
11020:
10407:
10398:
10397:
7130:
7110:The Astounding B-Monster Archive
6678:The Films of Joel and Ethan Coen
6133:Film Genre: Hollywood and Beyond
5888:Halperin, James L., ed. (2006).
5594:Hollywood Films of the Seventies
5469:
5435:
5408:
5377:
5368:
5357:
5354:See, e.g., Taves (1995), p. 323.
5348:
5320:
5311:
5302:
5276:
5250:
5241:
5215:
5206:
5161:
5104:
5082:"2005 Yearly Box Office Results"
5074:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4969:"1990 Yearly Box Office Results"
4961:
4919:
4910:
4884:
4871:
4862:
4853:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4774:
4761:
4732:
4723:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4665:
4656:
4647:
4638:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4599:See, e.g., Milne (2005), p. 389.
4593:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4542:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4387:
4366:
4357:
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4285:
4276:
3893:Shapiro (2002), p. 96. See also
3541:See, e.g., Taves (1995), p. 318.
3451:Finler (2003), pp. 26, 111, 116.
3312:See, e.g., Taves (1995), p. 320.
3294:Hirschhorn (1999), pp. 9–10, 17.
2808:), a sci-fi series installment (
2742:
2009:by first-time American director
1765:Finders Keepers, Lovers Weepers!
61:
27:Low-budget commercial film genre
10453:
7868:
7384:Experimental musical instrument
7091:The Biology of B-Movie Monsters
6007:Women Directors and Their Films
5757:The Movie World of Roger Corman
5458:Schumacher, Heidemarie (1995).
5415:Ignizio, Bob (April 20, 2006).
4327:Di Franco (1979), pp. 162, 165.
4267:
4258:
4249:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4170:
4161:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4030:
4021:
4012:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3963:
3954:
3927:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3692:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3550:Quoted in Schatz (1999), p. 75.
3544:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3490:
3481:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3436:
3418:
3393:
3384:
3363:
3186:by an American cultural critic
3136:
1516:With the loosening of industry
1411:bought the worldwide rights to
1237:American International Pictures
805:Producers Releasing Corporation
383:B movies (Hollywood Golden Age)
349:With the widespread arrival of
340:Film Booking Offices of America
152:American International Pictures
6939:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
6603:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
6575:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
6288:Mank, Gregory William (2001).
6177:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
6009:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.
5847:Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1987).
5837:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
5596:. New York: Harper & Row.
4177:Gibron, Bill (July 24, 2003).
4167:Schaefer (1992), p. 176, n. 1.
4149:Schaefer (1999), pp. 187, 376.
3934:Davis, Blair (April 6, 2012).
3895:Atomic Films: The CONELRAD 100
3354:
3345:
3336:
3327:
3306:
3297:
3263:
3097:equivalent of the grindhouse.
1997:(1970), which was filmed on a
1901:Beyond the Valley of the Dolls
1741:Invasion of the Body Snatchers
1675:." Castle's first film in the
1212:Invasion of the Body Snatchers
1189:Creature from the Black Lagoon
814:In 1946, independent producer
307:In 1927–28, at the end of the
13:
1:
7828:Social peer-to-peer processes
7043:Contemporary Hollywood Cinema
6375:. New York: Thunder's Mouth.
5906:. Manchester, UK: Headpress.
5835:Russ Meyer—The Life and Films
5724:, January 21, pp. 51–53.
5696:. New York: Thunder's Mouth.
5682:, new ed. New York: Da Capo.
5392:. TVGuide.com. Archived from
5332:. Film Threat. Archived from
5044:King (2005), pp. 167, 170–75.
4482:Willis (1997), p. 254, n. 30.
4402:The Beast with a Million Eyes
4363:Cagin and Dray (1984), p. 53.
4185:. DVD Verdict. Archived from
4140:Quoted in Reid (2005a), p. 5.
3469:See Taves (1995), pp. 321–29.
3257:
2138:The Rocky Horror Picture Show
1612:Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!
10876:Set in academic institutions
6676:Russell, Carolyn R. (2001).
6485:Oppermann, Michael (1996). "
6357:McGilligan, Patrick (1996).
6329:Matthews, Melvin E. (2007).
5892:. Dallas: Heritage Capital.
5791:Epstein, Edward Jay (2005).
5771:The Texas Chainsaw Massacre,
5729:Risky Business: Rock in Film
5390:Magazine Gives Up the Ghost"
5212:Zeitchik and Laporte (2006).
5017:Finler (2003), pp. 287, 290.
4572:Williams (1996), pp. 171–73.
4447:; U.S. premiere: 1971), and
4216:Frasier (1997), pp. 7–8, 13.
4036:Heffernan (2004), pp. 95–98.
4027:Heffernan (2004), pp. 102–4.
3940:. Rutgers University Press.
3719:Jewell (1982), pp. 218, 219.
3121:The Psychotronic Video Guide
2995:Mystery Science Theater 3000
2802:), a comic book adaptation (
2548:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
2172:The Texas Chain Saw Massacre
2015:international critics' prize
1959:. Its distributor was small
1474:B movies (exploitation boom)
1313:Monster from the Ocean Floor
1199:It Came from Beneath the Sea
1118:and 1953's self-explanatory
1031:brought together teenagers,
998:The Courageous Dr. Christian
449:Sono Art-World Wide Pictures
7:
6826:Shapiro, Jerome F. (2002).
6754:. London: Faber and Faber.
6631:. Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu.
6627:Reid, John Howard (2005b).
6617:. Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu.
6613:Reid, John Howard (2005a).
6431:Nachbar, Jack, ed. (1974).
6077:American Independent Cinema
6061:Kauffman, Linda S. (1998).
5874:Haines, Richard W. (2003).
5833:Frasier, David K. (1997 ).
5650:Collum, Jason Paul (2004).
4879:Los Angeles Herald-Examiner
4684:Waterman (2005), pp. 38–39.
4626:Merritt (2000), pp. 254–57.
4455:: Di Franco (1979), p. 164.
3198:market share. A commercial
3010:over three decades before,
1808:(1966), a biker movie, and
1703:. Lewis's business partner
1019:(1943) and the prison film
934:Stranger on the Third Floor
10:
11070:
11049:Film and video terminology
10948:Indian burial ground trope
10092:Classical Hollywood cinema
9281:Commedia sexy all'italiana
8189:Exploitation film template
8133:Commedia sexy all'italiana
6980:Hollywood's Road to Riches
6968:. New York: St. Martin's.
6421:. New York: St. Martin's.
6361:. New York: W. W. Norton.
6159:Lawrence, Novotny (2008).
5944:Hirschhorn, Clive (1999).
5930:Hirschhorn, Clive (1979).
5795:. New York: Random House.
5515:, September 15 (available
5498:
5465:. SchĂĽren Verlag, Marburg.
5224:"Fox Folding Atomic Label"
5112:Rausch, Andrew J. (2000).
4711:Paul (1994), pp. 288, 291.
4702:Levine (2007), pp. 114–15.
4550:Reynaud, Bérénice (1995).
4264:Rockoff (2002), pp. 32–33.
4093:Hirschhorn (1979), p. 343.
3906:Kinnard (1988), pp. 67–73.
3737:Finler (2003), pp. 214–15.
3640:Schatz (1999), pp. 340–41.
3183:Amusing Ourselves to Death
3140:
3041:
3037:
3022:" in this sense, although
2971:
2773:
2603:Turner Broadcasting System
2519:, whose first production,
2410:The Slumber Party Massacre
2358:(1975) and George Lucas's
2304:
2300:
2260:Nightmare in Badham County
1628:How to Stuff a Wild Bikini
1471:
1463:Golden age of exploitation
1239:(AIP), founded in 1956 by
1070:
387:For British B movies, see
386:
380:
283:
36:
29:
11016:
10975:
10888:
10836:
10715:
10593:
10461:
10393:
9996:
9914:
9659:German underground horror
9614:Documentary Film Movement
9522:American eccentric cinema
9507:
8753:
7879:
7778:
7717:
7682:
7615:
7572:
7563:
7464:American eccentric cinema
7441:
7405:
7396:
7369:
7289:
7280:
7272:Amateur press association
7184:
7066:January 21, 2010, at the
7059:, November 19 (available
6585:Rabiger, Michael (2008).
6347:. New York: E.P. Dutton.
6173:Lentz, Harris M. (2002).
5916:Heffernan, Kevin (2004).
5823:. London: B.T. Batsford.
5612:, September 6 (available
4999:Heffernan (2004), p. 225.
4841:Collum (2004), pp. 11–14.
4729:Heffernan (2004), p. 223.
4464:Di Franco (1979), p. 160.
4445:Scream of the Demon Lover
4054:Heffernan (2004), p. 161.
3523:Taves (1995), pp. 327–28.
3460:Tuska (1999), pp. 183–84.
3351:Taves (1995), pp. 326–27.
3342:Finler (2003), pp. 18–19.
3168:, infotainment programs,
2751:This section needs to be
1916:(1972), both directed by
1398:The Curse of Frankenstein
1267:Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow
315:ranged from $ 190,000 at
186:. Originally, during the
7115:Badmovies.org Interviews
6978:Waterman, David (2005).
6879:Stevenson, Jack (2003).
6764:Schatz, Thomas (1999 ).
6750:Schatz, Thomas (1998 ).
6543:Prince, Stephen (2002).
6500:Ottoson, Robert (1981).
6445:Naremore, James (1998).
6131:Langford, Barry (2005).
6019:James, David E. (2005).
5819:Frank, Allan G. (1998).
5805:Finler, Joel W. (2003).
5527:The Amazing Colossal Man
5180:Marone, Alfonso (2006).
5138:"King of the Killer B's"
5035:Johnstone (1999), p. 16.
4832:Cook (2000), pp. 323–24.
4581:Wood (2003), pp. 118–19.
4414:The Fast and the Furious
4381:The Owl and the Pussycat
4291:Cook (2000), pp. 222–23.
4273:Langford (2005), p. 175.
4207:Halperin (2006), p. 201.
4158:Schaefer (1999), p. 118.
3773:See Mank (2001), p. 274.
3764:Naremore (1998), p. 144.
3559:Naremore (1998), p. 141.
3091:worst pictures ever made
2776:B movies since the 1980s
2532:
2421:written and directed by
2311:
2307:B movies since the 1980s
2123:Night of the Living Dead
1845:
1736:Night of the Living Dead
1467:
1290:High School Confidential
1271:demographic exploitation
1254:I Was a Teenage Werewolf
1233:The Amazing Colossal Man
1218:The Amazing Colossal Man
1017:Where Are Your Children?
793:
394:
144:, produced and directed
37:Not to be confused with
32:B movie (disambiguation)
9594:Cinema of Transgression
8728:Cinema of Transgression
7454:Cinema of Transgression
7013:Willis, Sharon (1997).
6999:Williams, Tony (1996).
6966:The Evil Dead Companion
6865:Staiger, Janet (2000).
6840:Silver, Alain (1995). "
6812:Segrave, Kerry (1992).
6722:Schaefer, Eric (1999).
6571:Quarles, Mike (2001 ).
6557:Pym, John, ed. (2005).
6407:. New York: Macmillan.
6403:Mottram, James (2006).
6229:Loy, R. Philip (2004).
5867:, August 20 (available
5777:, January 1 (available
5710:. London: Netribution.
5664:Cook, David A. (2000).
5636:Chapman, James (2000).
5564:Biskind, Peter (1998).
4539:Merritt (2000), p. 229.
4491:Lawrence (2008), p. 27.
4063:Matthews (2007), p. 91.
3996:Di Franco (1979), p. 3.
3848:Hurd (2007), pp. 10–13.
3275:Encyclopædia Britannica
3086:Plan 9 from Outer Space
3058:Plan 9 from Outer Space
2928:, or channels, such as
2888:cameras recording onto
2594:Nightmare on Elm Street
2435:is a good genre film."
1393:Hammer Film Productions
1196:at Columbia (including
1067:Transition in the 1950s
1025:(1943). In 1947, PRC's
953:The Devil Thumbs a Ride
747:The Terror of Tiny Town
515:), and Lullaby Joslin (
377:Golden Age of Hollywood
188:Golden Age of Hollywood
9814:The Prague film school
9679:Hollywood on the Tiber
7770:Independent TV station
7699:Independent soft drink
7665:Open-source video game
7179:Independent production
7142:June 24, 2018, at the
6662:Rubin, Martin (1999).
6641:Rockoff, Adam (2002).
6528:Petit, Chris (2005). "
6514:Paul, William (1994).
6417:Muller, Eddie (1998).
6371:Merritt, Greg (2000).
6308:, March 21 (available
6252:Lyons, Arthur (2000).
6201:Levine, Elena (2007).
6005:Hurd, Mary G. (2007).
5932:The Warner Bros. Story
5769:Ebert, Roger (1974). "
5692:Cousins, Mark (2004).
5629:, April 13 (available
5071:Mottram (2006), p. 75.
5008:Finler (2003), p. 379.
4916:Morrow (1996), p. 112.
4859:Petit (2005), p. 1481.
4045:Segrave (1992), p. 33.
3866:Jewell (1982), p. 272.
3839:Lev (2003), pp. 60–61.
3782:Strawn (1974), p. 257.
3755:Schatz (1999), p. 175.
3746:Jewell (1982), p. 147.
3689:Finler (2003), p. 216.
3062:
2490:Class of Nuke 'Em High
2326:The Poseidon Adventure
2266:The reverberations of
2002:
1938:Cotton Comes to Harlem
1697:Herschell Gordon Lewis
1557:
1518:censorship constraints
1293:(1958), both starring
1281:such as Warner Bros.'
1186:at Universal (such as
1178:
1060:Isle of Forgotten Sins
914:I Walked with a Zombie
898:
534:
313:major Hollywood studio
304:
194:, somewhat similar to
163:
140:The "King of the Bs",
10730:First film by country
9669:Grupo Cine LiberaciĂłn
9609:Czechoslovak New Wave
9604:Commedia all'italiana
7951:Commedia all'italiana
7750:Visionary environment
7449:Independent animation
6964:Warren, Bill (2001).
6921:, July 14 (available
6710:The Velvet Light Trap
6493:3 (spring, available
6478:, July 11 (available
6465:, July 23 (available
6387:Electra Glide in Blue
6256:. New York: Da Capo.
6145:Lasky, Betty (1989).
6089:Kinnard, Roy (1988).
5962:. New York: Da Capo.
5784:June 5, 2011, at the
5536:Balio, Tino (1995 ).
3800:Lasky (1989), p. 229.
3631:Schatz (1999), p. 78.
3604:Schatz (1993), p. 11.
3595:Schatz (1999), p. 16.
3577:Schatz (1999), p. 73.
3568:Taves (1995), p. 328.
3532:Taves (1995), p. 316.
3505:Nachbar (1974), p. 2.
3496:Taves (1995), p. 313.
3442:Balio (1995), p. 102.
3415:Finler (2003), p. 42.
3399:Epstein (2005), p. 4.
3390:Taves (1995), p. 326.
3381:Taves (1995), p. 325.
3152:Heidemarie Schumacher
3051:
2899:. The development of
2615:Roger Corman Presents
2597:(1984), whose nearly
2446:Q: The Winged Serpent
2224:ABC Movie of the Week
2100:James William Guercio
2095:Electra Glide in Blue
1987:
1978:The Man from O.R.G.Y.
1961:Cinemation Industries
1542:
1344:, among many others.
1171:
1073:B movies in the 1950s
1007:exploitation pictures
870:
506:
291:
139:
10196:Guerrilla filmmaking
9859:Kitchen sink realism
9744:New French Extremity
9654:German Expressionist
9562:Kitchen sink realism
9427:Contemporary Western
9207:Environmental issues
8738:New French Extremity
8696:New French Extremity
8521:Softcore pornography
8516:Hardcore pornography
8383:New French Extremity
7762:Independent circuit
7592:Open-source software
7491:Guerrilla filmmaking
7027:Wood, Robin (2003).
6930:Focus on the Western
6903:Horror International
6780:Horror International
6534:Q—The Winged Serpent
6433:Focus on the Western
6398:Jack Kirby Collector
6385:Milne, Tom (2005). "
6333:. New York: Algora.
6317:The Cult Film Reader
6281:May 5, 2012, at the
6274:(June 30, available
6075:King, Geoff (2005).
5902:Harper, Jim (2004).
5550:Berra, John (2008).
4925:Berra (2008), p. 74.
4500:Cook (2000), p. 260.
4473:Kael (1973), p. 269.
4309:Cook (2000), p. 223.
4246:Cook (2000), p. 222.
4075:Cook (2000), p. 324.
3969:Lentz (2002), p. 17.
3514:Tuska (1974), p. 37.
3241:Erik Henriksen from
3214:Schumacher mentions
3112:The Psychotronic Man
3055:'s ultra-low-budget
2948:and the more common
2814:), a sci-fi remake (
2721:(1994), directed by
2577:satellite television
2456:The Book of the Dead
2338:The Towering Inferno
2244:When Love Grows Cold
2203:(1974), directed by
2098:(1973), directed by
2061:(1974), directed by
2019:Venice Film Festival
1941:(1970), directed by
1787:Cannes Film Festival
1760:hardcore pornography
1584:had simply been the
1395:made the successful
1330:Francis Ford Coppola
1279:juvenile delinquency
1221:(1957), directed by
1011:juvenile delinquency
975:, Westerns starring
923:(1945), directed by
422:Fox Film Corporation
78:Hollywood Golden Age
9932:Children and family
9906:Yugoslav Black Wave
9779:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
9664:Nigerian Golden Age
9629:European art cinema
9532:Australian New Wave
7730:Amateur photography
7423:Amateur pornography
7371:Musical instruments
7351:Tracker (MOD) music
6996:, March, p. 9.
6935:Tuska, Jon (1999).
6559:Time Out Film Guide
6538:Time Out Film Guide
6391:Time Out Film Guide
6215:Lewis, Jon (2002).
6187:Lev, Peter (2003).
5934:. New York: Crown.
5807:The Hollywood Story
5531:Time Out Film Guide
5396:on October 12, 2007
5194:on February 3, 2007
5116:Blair Witch Project
4720:Paul (1994), p. 92.
4509:Van Peebles (2003).
4408:Day the World Ended
4255:Paul (1994), p. 33.
4189:on October 20, 2006
3818:The Seven Year Itch
3791:Lev (2003), p. 205.
2837:currently around $
2502:Surf Nazis Must Die
2429:review concluded: "
2397:and the disastrous
1872:at the box office.
1774:Private Duty Nurses
1622:Beach Blanket Bingo
1450:Mexican kids' movie
1347:In the late 1950s,
1325:Day the World Ended
1028:The Devil on Wheels
414:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
321:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
49:Part of a series on
10230:Major film studios
9824:Pure Film Movement
9804:Polish Film School
9704:Italian neorealist
9684:Hong Kong New Wave
9286:Mexican sex comedy
8343:German underground
7194:Alternative comics
6918:The New York Times
6912:, pp. 313–50.
6897:, pp. 255–66.
6848:, pp. 209–35.
6806:The New York Times
6530:The Winged Serpent
6475:The New York Times
6462:The New York Times
6305:The New York Times
6272:Screening the Past
6246:The New York Times
5948:. London: Hamlyn.
5946:The Columbia Story
5864:The New York Times
5626:The New York Times
5609:The New York Times
5512:The New York Times
5388:Psychotronic Video
4451:. For purchase of
4449:The Student Nurses
4436:The Dunwich Horror
3708:The New York Times
3704:The New York Times
3700:The New York Times
3126:Psychotronic Video
3106:Psychotronic movie
3101:Psychotronic movie
3063:
2713:Fine Line Features
2642:The Driller Killer
2427:The New York Times
2250:The California Kid
2154:martial arts films
2145:generated its own
2104:The New York Times
2003:
1953:Melvin Van Peebles
1907:The Big Doll House
1853:New World Pictures
1770:The New York Times
1768:, was reviewed in
1576:" films featuring
1558:
1522:exploitation films
1493:Hercules Unchained
1429:The New York Times
1241:James H. Nicholson
1179:
985:Johnny Weissmuller
899:
803:, but a new firm,
535:
526:Pals of the Saddle
474:Edward Jay Epstein
434:RKO Radio Pictures
418:Paramount Pictures
305:
297:That Certain Thing
204:exploitation films
164:
11036:
11035:
10988:Exploitation film
10884:
10883:
10538:Postmodern horror
10421:
10420:
10360:Socialist realist
10072:Behind-the-scenes
9849:Socialist realist
9844:Spaghetti Western
9834:Romanian New Wave
9709:Japanese New Wave
9375:Sword and sorcery
9291:Nazi exploitation
8873:Mumbai underworld
8629:Planetary romance
7836:
7835:
7786:Independent media
7678:
7677:
7597:Software cracking
7559:
7558:
7486:Exploitation film
7392:
7391:
7361:Underground music
7309:Open-source label
7294:Independent music
7199:Alternative manga
6932:, pp. 25–43.
6905:, pp. 33–55.
6489:" (film review),
5996:978-0-9564641-0-1
5775:Chicago Sun-Times
5694:The Story of Film
5336:on March 10, 2007
5317:Oppermann (1996).
5114:"Roger Corman on
4608:Greenspun (1973).
4554:. Sense of Cinema
3250:Stargate Atlantis
3195:reverse marketing
2922:creature features
2817:War of the Worlds
2772:
2771:
2723:Quentin Tarantino
2707:. Financed, like
2585:straight to video
2508:The Toxic Avenger
2423:Penelope Spheeris
2394:Amityville Horror
2294:American Graffiti
2253:(1974), starring
2052:Hell Up in Harlem
1913:The Big Bird Cage
1705:David F. Friedman
1639:. Roger Corman's
1633:Annette Funicello
1631:(1966), starring
1488:sword-and-sandals
1287:(1957) and MGM's
920:The Body Snatcher
838:Hitler's Children
816:David O. Selznick
726:Three Mesquiteers
692:
691:
594:20th Century Fox
543:Republic Pictures
539:Monogram Pictures
531:Three Mesquiteers
521:Republic Pictures
511:), Tucson Smith (
466:film distribution
461:Columbia Pictures
457:Universal Studios
361:, a short and/or
336:Columbia Pictures
270:Eddie Constantine
134:
133:
88:Exploitation boom
16:(Redirected from
11061:
11024:
11023:
11008:Vulgar auteurism
10753:
10752:
10725:Highest-grossing
10448:
10441:
10434:
10425:
10424:
10411:
10401:
10400:
10380:Vulgar auteurism
10208:Interstitial art
10186:Hyperlink cinema
9901:Vulgar auteurism
9896:Toronto New Wave
9886:Telefoni Bianchi
9881:Sword-and-sandal
9699:Italian futurist
9694:Iranian New Wave
9557:British New Wave
9370:Sword-and-sandal
9251:Rape and revenge
9192:Mouth of Garbage
9038:Tentacle erotica
8986:Goona-goona epic
8966:Extraterrestrial
8853:Heroic bloodshed
8487:Occult detective
8318:Christmas horror
8170:Sword-and-sandal
7902:Hong Kong action
7897:Heroic bloodshed
7863:
7856:
7849:
7840:
7839:
7818:
7765:
7602:Unofficial patch
7570:
7569:
7519:
7459:Independent film
7403:
7402:
7333:Cassette culture
7287:
7286:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7150:
7149:
6853:Film Noir Reader
6846:Film Noir Reader
6794:Film Noir Reader
5622:
5508:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5482:Portland Mercury
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5455:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5381:
5375:
5372:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5193:
5186:
5177:
5168:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5140:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5027:
5026:O'Connor (1995).
5024:
5018:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4935:
4926:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4888:
4882:
4875:
4869:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4833:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4703:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4609:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4528:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4456:
4391:
4385:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4113:Thompson (1960).
4111:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4064:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4010:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3898:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3867:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3822:
3812:The Country Girl
3807:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3711:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3663:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3434:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3400:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3267:
3244:Portland Mercury
3178:soft pornography
3021:
2982:cable television
2940:Associated terms
2866:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2783:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2728:
2709:King of New York
2698:
2666:
2654:King of New York
2600:
2544:
2540:
2527:cable television
2376:
2351:creature feature
2347:Steven Spielberg
2209:
2192:
2067:David Cronenberg
1871:
1831:
1797:
1731:George A. Romero
1668:Alfred Hitchcock
1661:
1600:Immoral Mr. Teas
1570:venereal disease
1505:
1485:
1446:K. Gordon Murray
1439:
1424:
1409:Embassy Pictures
1379:Joseph E. Levine
1367:drive-in theater
1275:target marketing
1260:
1245:Samuel Z. Arkoff
1092:Ma and Pa Kettle
1085:
1051:Women in Bondage
1022:Women in Bondage
961:Mexican Spitfire
925:Jacques Tourneur
844:
773:
558:
557:
445:Tiffany Pictures
426:20th Century Fox
326:
319:to $ 275,000 at
235:independent film
172:American English
126:
119:
112:
83:1950s transition
73:Low-budget films
65:
46:
45:
21:
11069:
11068:
11064:
11063:
11062:
11060:
11059:
11058:
11039:
11038:
11037:
11032:
11012:
10971:
10880:
10832:
10751:
10711:
10589:
10568:Social thriller
10457:
10452:
10422:
10417:
10389:
10330:Semidocumentary
10255:Minimalist film
10245:Message picture
10240:Maximalist film
10134:Database cinema
10117:Computer screen
10077:Black-and-white
10002:
10000:
9998:
9992:
9910:
9866:Soviet parallel
9789:Parallel cinema
9784:Pan-Indian film
9714:Kammerspielfilm
9649:French New Wave
9569:Budapest school
9552:Brighton School
9527:New Objectivity
9509:
9503:
9472:Science fiction
9104:Bruceploitation
9013:Girls with guns
8959:Turksploitation
8833:Gentleman thief
8749:
8584:Science fiction
8430:Minimalist film
8425:Maximalist film
8403:Science fiction
8363:Japanese horror
8160:Social guidance
7875:
7867:
7837:
7832:
7816:
7774:
7763:
7713:
7692:
7674:
7611:
7555:
7536:Low-budget film
7517:
7511:'60s–'70s
7437:
7388:
7379:Circuit bending
7365:
7276:
7262:Self-publishing
7180:
7177:
7144:Wayback Machine
7133:
7125:Search My Trash
7106:
7078:
7073:
7068:Wayback Machine
6895:Kings of the Bs
6540:, p. 1481.
6283:Wayback Machine
5960:Midnight Movies
5786:Wayback Machine
5620:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5474:
5470:
5462:
5456:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5419:. Utter Trash.
5413:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5291:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5265:
5255:
5251:
5246:
5242:
5232:
5230:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5178:
5171:
5166:
5162:
5152:
5150:
5127:
5125:
5109:
5105:
5095:
5093:
5086:Box Office Mojo
5080:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4994:
4982:
4980:
4973:Box Office Mojo
4967:
4966:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4943:Box Office Mojo
4937:
4936:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4899:
4889:
4885:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4827:
4823:Lubasch (1979).
4822:
4818:
4808:
4806:
4799:Box Office Mojo
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4748:Box Office Mojo
4738:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4683:
4679:
4673:Black Christmas
4670:
4666:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4531:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4425:Angels Die Hard
4392:
4388:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3229:David Letterman
3208:Richard Sennett
3145:
3139:
3103:
3095:subscription TV
3046:
3040:
3028:Sci Fi Pictures
3019:
2974:
2942:
2905:post-production
2901:digital cameras
2897:35 mm film
2882:16 mm film
2864:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2781:
2778:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2726:
2696:
2669:Larry Fessenden
2664:
2628:Death in Venice
2598:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2517:Empire Pictures
2496:Redneck Zombies
2374:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2273:Rosemary's Baby
2207:
2200:Black Christmas
2190:
2115:countercultural
1869:
1866:Angels Die Hard
1861:New Line Cinema
1848:
1829:
1812:, as in taking
1805:The Wild Angels
1795:
1755:Midnight Cowboy
1726:Rosemary's Baby
1664:Production Code
1659:
1590:This Nude World
1566:cautionary tale
1503:
1499:Terror Is a Man
1483:
1480:
1472:Main articles:
1470:
1465:
1437:
1422:
1307:Highway Dragnet
1295:Mamie Van Doren
1258:
1251:The success of
1155:Mickey Spillane
1127:The Hitch-Hiker
1083:
1075:
1069:
1046:Girls in Chains
842:
821:Duel in the Sun
796:
771:
660:Grand National
627:United Artists
441:Mascot Pictures
397:
392:
385:
379:
324:
286:
219:science-fiction
180:British English
130:
93:Since the 1980s
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11067:
11057:
11056:
11051:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11030:
11017:
11014:
11013:
11011:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10993:Extreme cinema
10990:
10985:
10979:
10977:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10969:
10968:
10967:
10962:
10952:
10951:
10950:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10925:
10924:
10923:
10921:archaic mother
10918:
10913:
10903:
10898:
10892:
10890:
10886:
10885:
10882:
10881:
10879:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10857:
10856:
10846:
10840:
10838:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10759:
10757:
10750:
10749:
10748:
10747:
10742:
10732:
10727:
10721:
10719:
10713:
10712:
10710:
10709:
10707:United Kingdom
10704:
10699:
10694:
10689:
10684:
10683:
10682:
10672:
10667:
10666:
10665:
10660:
10652:
10651:
10650:
10645:
10637:
10636:
10635:
10627:
10626:
10625:
10613:
10608:
10607:
10606:
10597:
10595:
10591:
10590:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10585:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10534:
10533:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10509:Gothic romance
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10474:Blaxploitation
10471:
10465:
10463:
10459:
10458:
10451:
10450:
10443:
10436:
10428:
10419:
10418:
10416:
10415:
10405:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10315:Reverse motion
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10265:Modernist film
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10221:
10220:
10210:
10205:
10204:
10203:
10198:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10157:
10156:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10130:
10129:
10127:midnight movie
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10053:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10017:
10012:
10006:
10004:
9994:
9993:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9973:
9972:
9971:
9966:
9956:
9955:
9954:
9949:
9941:
9940:
9939:
9929:
9924:
9918:
9916:
9915:By demographic
9912:
9911:
9909:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9862:
9861:
9854:Social realist
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9809:Poliziotteschi
9806:
9801:
9799:Poetic realist
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9754:New generation
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9729:Modernist film
9726:
9721:
9719:L.A. Rebellion
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9584:Cinéma du look
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9565:
9564:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9513:
9511:
9505:
9504:
9502:
9501:
9500:
9499:
9497:Zapata Western
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9477:Singing cowboy
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9432:Dacoit Western
9429:
9424:
9414:
9413:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9313:Shoshimin-eiga
9310:
9309:
9308:
9303:
9301:Nunsploitation
9298:
9296:Pornochanchada
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9210:
9209:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9183:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9145:
9144:
9143:
9133:
9132:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9085:
9084:
9079:
9069:
9064:
9063:
9062:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9041:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9020:
9015:
9010:
9009:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8971:Food and drink
8968:
8963:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8949:Blaxploitation
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8892:
8887:
8886:
8885:
8880:
8878:Poliziotteschi
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8789:
8788:
8783:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8757:
8755:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8735:
8733:Extreme cinema
8730:
8720:
8719:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8581:
8580:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8558:
8557:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8523:
8518:
8508:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8474:
8473:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8421:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8313:Chinese horror
8310:
8305:
8300:
8290:
8289:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8236:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8194:
8193:
8192:
8179:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7959:
7958:
7948:
7943:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7883:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7866:
7865:
7858:
7851:
7843:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7810:
7803:
7796:Do it yourself
7793:
7788:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7759:
7754:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7621:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7573:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7553:
7551:Double feature
7548:
7546:No wave cinema
7543:
7541:No-budget film
7538:
7533:
7531:Midnight movie
7528:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7456:
7451:
7445:
7443:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7409:
7407:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7375:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7258:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7223:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7182:
7181:
7176:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7094:
7088:
7077:
7076:External links
7074:
7072:
7071:
7053:
7039:
7025:
7011:
6997:
6990:
6976:
6962:
6947:
6933:
6926:
6913:
6906:
6898:
6891:
6877:
6863:
6849:
6842:Kiss Me Deadly
6838:
6824:
6810:
6801:
6790:
6776:
6762:
6748:
6734:
6720:
6702:
6688:
6674:
6660:
6653:
6639:
6625:
6611:
6597:
6583:
6569:
6555:
6541:
6526:
6512:
6498:
6483:
6470:
6457:
6443:
6429:
6415:
6401:
6394:
6393:, p. 389.
6383:
6369:
6355:
6341:
6327:
6313:
6300:
6286:
6268:Kiss Me Deadly
6264:
6250:
6241:
6227:
6213:
6199:
6185:
6171:
6157:
6143:
6129:
6115:
6101:
6087:
6073:
6059:
6045:
6031:
6017:
6003:
5984:
5970:
5956:
5942:
5928:
5914:
5900:
5886:
5872:
5859:
5845:
5831:
5817:
5803:
5789:
5767:
5753:
5739:
5725:
5718:
5704:
5690:
5676:
5662:
5648:
5634:
5617:
5604:
5590:
5576:
5562:
5548:
5534:
5520:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5468:
5443:
5434:
5407:
5376:
5367:
5356:
5347:
5319:
5310:
5301:
5275:
5249:
5240:
5214:
5205:
5169:
5160:
5103:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5053:Maslin (1997).
5046:
5037:
5028:
5019:
5010:
5001:
4992:
4960:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4883:
4870:
4861:
4852:
4843:
4834:
4825:
4816:
4773:
4760:
4731:
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4677:
4664:
4655:
4646:
4637:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4541:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4502:
4493:
4484:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4420:Five Guns West
4386:
4365:
4356:
4347:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4266:
4257:
4248:
4236:
4227:
4218:
4209:
4200:
4169:
4160:
4151:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4115:
4106:
4095:
4086:
4077:
4065:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4011:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3962:
3953:
3946:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3886:
3877:
3875:Maltby (2000).
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3766:
3757:
3748:
3739:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3691:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3417:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3141:Main article:
3138:
3135:
3102:
3099:
3080:Glen or Glenda
3042:Main article:
3039:
3036:
3004:Sci Fi Channel
3000:Comedy Central
2973:
2970:
2961:midnight movie
2955:drive-in movie
2941:
2938:
2841:, rising to $
2827:New York Times
2774:Main article:
2770:
2769:
2750:
2748:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2660:Bad Lieutenant
2619:New York Times
2534:
2531:
2485:Troma Pictures
2464:Bruce Campbell
2415:Rita Mae Brown
2389:revival houses
2313:
2310:
2305:Main article:
2302:
2299:
2238:Human Wreckage
2230:The Ordeal of
2181:John Carpenter
2132:Pink Flamingos
1892:blaxploitation
1877:Brian De Palma
1847:
1844:
1830:$ 19.1 million
1779:Women in Cages
1721:Roman Polanski
1647:Jack Nicholson
1637:Frankie Avalon
1526:sexual hygiene
1509:House of Usher
1478:Midnight movie
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1391:. The British
1372:midnight movie
1349:William Castle
1342:Robert De Niro
1334:Jonathan Demme
1223:Bert I. Gordon
1184:William Alland
1174:Rocketship X-M
1163:Robert Aldrich
1142:Kiss Me Deadly
1071:Main article:
1068:
1065:
1041:Edgar G. Ulmer
858:Allied Artists
801:Grand National
795:
792:
718:George O'Brien
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
679:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
635:
634:
631:
628:
624:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
602:
601:
598:
595:
591:
590:
587:
584:
580:
579:
576:
573:
569:
568:
567:Avg. duration
565:
562:
551:Grand National
547:United Artists
507:Stony Brooke (
498:Sol M. Wurtzel
396:
393:
389:Quota quickies
381:Main article:
378:
375:
285:
282:
274:Bruce Campbell
254:Jack Nicholson
246:Jonathan Demme
192:double feature
184:motion picture
160:Jack Nicholson
132:
131:
129:
128:
121:
114:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
67:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
26:
18:Second feature
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11066:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11046:
11044:
11029:
11028:
11019:
11018:
11015:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10980:
10978:
10974:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10957:
10956:
10953:
10949:
10946:
10945:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10926:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10893:
10891:
10887:
10877:
10874:
10872:
10869:
10867:
10864:
10862:
10859:
10855:
10852:
10851:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10841:
10839:
10835:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10760:
10758:
10754:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10722:
10720:
10718:
10714:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10681:
10680:
10676:
10675:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10643:Expressionism
10641:
10640:
10638:
10634:
10631:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10623:
10619:
10618:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10605:
10602:
10601:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10592:
10584:
10581:
10580:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10543:Psychological
10541:
10539:
10536:
10532:
10531:
10527:
10526:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10504:Found footage
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10466:
10464:
10460:
10456:
10449:
10444:
10442:
10437:
10435:
10430:
10429:
10426:
10414:
10410:
10406:
10404:
10396:
10395:
10392:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10310:Postmodernist
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10300:Participatory
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10270:Musical short
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10193:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10181:Found footage
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10155:
10152:
10151:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10087:Cinéma vérité
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10022:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10003:or production
9995:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9978:
9977:
9974:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9960:
9957:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9942:
9938:
9935:
9934:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9919:
9917:
9913:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9856:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9819:Prussian film
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9764:New Nollywood
9762:
9760:
9759:New Hollywood
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9579:Cannibal boom
9577:
9575:
9574:Calligrafismo
9572:
9570:
9567:
9563:
9560:
9559:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9542:Berlin School
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9514:
9512:
9506:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9492:Weird Western
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9418:
9415:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9397:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9323:Slice of life
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9276:Bavarian porn
9274:
9273:
9272:
9271:Sexploitation
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9240:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9229:Partisan film
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9208:
9205:
9204:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9197:Muslim social
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9179:
9178:Zombie comedy
9176:
9175:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9153:Giant monster
9151:
9150:
9149:
9146:
9142:
9139:
9138:
9137:
9134:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9074:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9014:
9011:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8954:Mexploitation
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8909:
8908:
8905:
8901:
8898:
8897:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8808:Coming-of-age
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8752:
8746:
8743:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8723:Transgressive
8721:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8706:Psychological
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8656:Slice of life
8654:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8582:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8551:
8548:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8528:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8500:
8497:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8393:Psychological
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8368:Korean horror
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8338:Found footage
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8295:
8294:
8291:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8259:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8227:Magic realism
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8198:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8143:Sexploitation
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8120:
8117:
8116:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8094:Calligrafismo
8092:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8047:City symphony
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8026:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7871:
7864:
7859:
7857:
7852:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7614:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:Free software
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7577:Cowboy coding
7575:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7562:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7440:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7395:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7340:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7174:
7169:
7167:
7162:
7160:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7131:Miscellaneous
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7054:
7052:
7051:0-415-17010-9
7048:
7044:
7040:
7038:
7037:0-231-12967-X
7034:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7023:0-8223-2041-X
7020:
7016:
7012:
7010:
7009:0-8386-3564-4
7006:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6994:Texas Monthly
6991:
6989:
6988:0-674-01945-8
6985:
6981:
6977:
6975:
6974:0-312-27501-3
6971:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6946:
6945:0-7864-0749-2
6942:
6938:
6934:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6890:
6889:1-900486-23-7
6886:
6882:
6878:
6876:
6875:0-8147-9757-1
6872:
6868:
6864:
6862:
6861:0-87910-197-0
6858:
6854:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6837:
6836:0-415-93659-4
6833:
6829:
6825:
6823:
6822:0-89950-752-2
6819:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6789:
6788:0-8143-3101-7
6785:
6781:
6777:
6775:
6774:0-520-22130-3
6771:
6767:
6763:
6761:
6760:0-571-19596-2
6757:
6753:
6749:
6747:
6746:0-415-90575-3
6743:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6732:0-8223-2374-5
6729:
6725:
6721:
6719:
6718:0-415-28131-8
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6701:
6700:0-8058-1174-5
6697:
6693:
6689:
6687:
6686:0-7864-0973-8
6683:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6672:0-521-58183-4
6669:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6652:
6651:0-7864-1227-5
6648:
6644:
6640:
6638:
6637:1-4116-6610-0
6634:
6630:
6626:
6624:
6623:1-4116-5065-4
6620:
6616:
6612:
6610:
6609:0-7864-3149-0
6606:
6602:
6598:
6596:
6595:0-240-80882-7
6592:
6588:
6584:
6582:
6581:0-7864-1142-2
6578:
6574:
6570:
6568:
6567:1-904978-87-8
6564:
6560:
6556:
6554:
6553:0-520-23266-6
6550:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6525:
6524:0-231-08464-1
6521:
6517:
6513:
6511:
6510:0-8108-1363-7
6507:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6456:
6455:0-520-21294-0
6452:
6448:
6444:
6442:
6441:0-13-950626-8
6438:
6434:
6430:
6428:
6427:0-312-18076-4
6424:
6420:
6416:
6414:
6413:0-571-22267-6
6410:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6382:
6381:1-56025-232-4
6378:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6367:0-393-31378-6
6364:
6360:
6356:
6354:
6353:0-525-47378-5
6350:
6346:
6342:
6340:
6339:0-87586-497-X
6336:
6332:
6328:
6326:
6325:0-335-21924-1
6322:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6298:0-7864-1112-0
6295:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6263:
6262:0-306-80996-6
6259:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6240:
6239:0-7864-1871-0
6236:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6225:0-8147-5143-1
6222:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6211:0-8223-3919-6
6208:
6204:
6200:
6198:
6197:0-684-80495-6
6194:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6183:0-7864-1278-X
6180:
6176:
6172:
6170:
6169:0-415-96097-5
6166:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:0-915677-41-5
6152:
6148:
6144:
6142:
6141:0-7486-1903-8
6138:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6127:0-7432-1583-4
6124:
6120:
6116:
6114:
6113:0-8058-0499-4
6110:
6106:
6102:
6100:
6099:0-8108-2062-5
6096:
6092:
6088:
6086:
6085:1-85043-937-0
6082:
6078:
6074:
6072:
6071:0-520-21032-8
6068:
6064:
6060:
6058:
6057:0-446-83420-3
6054:
6050:
6046:
6044:
6043:0-517-54656-6
6040:
6036:
6035:The RKO Story
6032:
6030:
6029:0-520-24257-2
6026:
6022:
6018:
6016:
6015:0-275-98578-4
6012:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5982:0-7190-6631-X
5979:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:0-306-80433-6
5965:
5961:
5957:
5955:
5954:0-600-59836-5
5951:
5947:
5943:
5941:
5940:0-517-53834-2
5937:
5933:
5929:
5927:
5926:0-8223-3215-9
5923:
5919:
5915:
5913:
5912:1-900486-39-3
5909:
5905:
5901:
5899:
5898:1-59967-060-7
5895:
5891:
5887:
5885:
5884:0-7864-1361-1
5881:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5858:
5857:0-671-23108-1
5854:
5850:
5846:
5844:
5843:0-7864-0472-8
5840:
5836:
5832:
5830:
5829:0-7134-8272-9
5826:
5822:
5818:
5816:
5815:1-903364-66-3
5812:
5808:
5804:
5802:
5801:1-4000-6353-1
5798:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5765:0-87754-050-0
5762:
5758:
5754:
5752:
5751:0-521-77235-4
5748:
5744:
5740:
5738:
5737:0-88738-843-4
5734:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5716:0-9550143-2-8
5713:
5709:
5705:
5703:
5702:1-56025-612-5
5699:
5695:
5691:
5689:
5688:0-306-80874-9
5685:
5681:
5677:
5675:
5674:0-520-23265-8
5671:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5660:0-7864-1818-4
5657:
5653:
5649:
5647:
5646:0-231-12049-4
5643:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5628:
5627:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5602:0-06-091117-4
5599:
5595:
5591:
5589:
5588:0-13-795161-2
5585:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5574:0-684-80996-6
5571:
5567:
5563:
5561:
5560:1-84150-185-9
5557:
5553:
5549:
5547:
5546:0-520-20334-8
5543:
5539:
5535:
5533:, p. 34.
5532:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5504:
5503:
5483:
5479:
5472:
5461:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5438:
5422:
5418:
5411:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5365:
5360:
5351:
5335:
5331:
5323:
5314:
5305:
5290:
5286:
5279:
5264:
5260:
5253:
5244:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5209:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5174:
5167:Scott (2005).
5164:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5107:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5032:
5023:
5014:
5005:
4996:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4932:
4922:
4913:
4898:
4894:
4893:"Tromatized!"
4887:
4880:
4877:David Chute (
4874:
4865:
4856:
4850:Canby (1984).
4847:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4790:$ 9.4 million
4777:
4770:
4764:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4735:
4726:
4717:
4708:
4699:
4690:
4681:
4674:
4668:
4659:
4653:Ebert (1974).
4650:
4641:
4632:
4623:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4553:
4545:
4536:
4534:
4524:
4515:
4506:
4497:
4488:
4479:
4470:
4461:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4423:. From 1970:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4375:Hello, Dolly!
4369:
4360:
4351:
4342:
4333:
4324:
4318:Canby (1969).
4315:
4306:
4297:
4288:
4279:
4270:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4241:
4231:
4222:
4213:
4204:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4104:
4099:
4090:
4084:Nason (1959).
4081:
4072:
4070:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4024:
4015:
4008:
4002:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3966:
3957:
3949:
3947:9780813553245
3943:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3896:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3661:
3660:Bright Lights
3655:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3396:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3300:
3291:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:Real Personal
3211:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3071:grade-Z movie
3068:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:, as well as
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:Batman Begins
2801:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2777:
2766:
2763:December 2021
2754:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2727:$ 8.5 million
2724:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2665:$ 1.8 million
2662:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2543:$ 100 million
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2478:tour de force
2475:
2474:
2473:The Evil Dead
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
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2384:
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2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
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2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2210:s Bob Clark.
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2030:Vincent Canby
2026:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2011:Barbara Loden
2008:
2001:of $ 115,000.
2000:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:Barbara Loden
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1822:László Kovács
1819:
1818:Dennis Hopper
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1717:rating system
1713:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1701:splatter film
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:$ 8.5 million
1657:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:sexploitation
1614:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:Damaged Goods
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1475:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:$ 4.7 million
1435:
1430:
1426:
1423:$ 1.5 million
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:Untamed Youth
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:Jive Junction
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
993:Dr. Christian
990:
989:Jean Hersholt
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:Lum and Abner
962:
957:
955:
954:
949:
948:
942:
938:
936:
935:
930:
926:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
909:
904:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:
874:
869:
865:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
840:
839:
834:
829:
827:
823:
822:
817:
812:
808:
806:
802:
791:
788:
787:Dr. Gillespie
784:
780:
775:
769:
765:
761:
760:Ritz Brothers
757:
751:
749:
748:
743:
742:little people
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
688:60.0 minutes
687:
684:
681:
680:
677:63.1 minutes
676:
673:
670:
669:
666:63.6 minutes
665:
662:
659:
658:
655:66.4 minutes
654:
652:Little Three
651:
648:
647:
644:66.4 minutes
643:
641:Little Three
640:
637:
636:
633:87.6 minutes
632:
630:Little Three
629:
626:
625:
622:74.1 minutes
621:
618:
615:
614:
611:75.0 minutes
610:
607:
605:Warner Bros.
604:
603:
600:75.3 minutes
599:
596:
593:
592:
589:76.4 minutes
588:
585:
582:
581:
578:87.9 minutes
577:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
501:
499:
495:
489:
485:
483:
477:
475:
469:
467:
462:
458:
454:
453:states rights
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
428:as of 1935),
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:blind bidding
406:
405:Block booking
402:
401:major studios
390:
384:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
298:
294:
290:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:Vincent Price
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
161:
157:
156:Vincent Price
153:
149:
148:
143:
138:
127:
122:
120:
115:
113:
108:
107:
105:
104:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
11025:
10982:
10916:scream queen
10677:
10658:ghost movies
10620:
10604:Ozploitation
10563:Supernatural
10528:
10519:Lovecraftian
10149:Experimental
10144:Ethnofiction
10066:
9891:Third Cinema
9794:Persian Film
9537:Auteur films
9508:By movement
9365:Swashbuckler
9224:Ozploitation
9219:Outlaw biker
9099:Martial arts
9094:Magical girl
8944:Exploitation
8939:Ethnographic
8868:Mafia comedy
8511:Pornographic
8388:Psycho-biddy
8373:Lovecraftian
8207:Contemporary
8188:
8182:Exploitation
8177:Experimental
8057:Mockumentary
7926:Biographical
7813:
7805:
7791:Indie design
7745:Outsider art
7709:Microbrewery
7652:
7495:
7442:Professional
7418:Amateur film
7338:
7326:Pirate radio
7299:Record label
7237:
7120:Rogue Cinema
7056:
7042:
7028:
7014:
7000:
6993:
6979:
6965:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6936:
6929:
6916:
6910:Grand Design
6909:
6902:
6894:
6880:
6866:
6852:
6845:
6841:
6827:
6813:
6804:
6798:Film Comment
6797:
6793:
6779:
6765:
6751:
6737:
6723:
6709:
6705:
6691:
6677:
6663:
6656:
6642:
6628:
6614:
6600:
6586:
6572:
6558:
6544:
6537:
6536:)," in Pym,
6533:
6529:
6515:
6501:
6490:
6486:
6473:
6460:
6446:
6432:
6418:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6386:
6372:
6358:
6344:
6330:
6316:
6303:
6289:
6271:
6267:
6253:
6244:
6230:
6216:
6202:
6188:
6174:
6160:
6146:
6132:
6118:
6104:
6090:
6076:
6062:
6048:
6034:
6020:
6006:
5987:
5973:
5959:
5945:
5931:
5917:
5903:
5889:
5875:
5862:
5848:
5834:
5820:
5806:
5792:
5774:
5770:
5756:
5742:
5728:
5721:
5707:
5693:
5679:
5665:
5651:
5637:
5624:
5607:
5593:
5579:
5565:
5551:
5537:
5530:
5526:
5510:
5485:. Retrieved
5481:
5471:
5437:
5425:. Retrieved
5410:
5400:December 26,
5398:. Retrieved
5394:the original
5387:
5379:
5370:
5359:
5350:
5338:. Retrieved
5334:the original
5322:
5313:
5304:
5292:. Retrieved
5288:
5278:
5266:. Retrieved
5262:
5252:
5243:
5231:. Retrieved
5227:
5217:
5208:
5198:December 29,
5196:. Retrieved
5189:the original
5163:
5151:. Retrieved
5142:
5126:. Retrieved
5120:Mean Streets
5119:
5115:
5106:
5094:. Retrieved
5085:
5076:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5031:
5022:
5013:
5004:
4995:
4983:December 29,
4981:. Retrieved
4972:
4963:
4953:December 29,
4951:. Retrieved
4942:
4921:
4912:
4900:. Retrieved
4896:
4886:
4878:
4873:
4864:
4855:
4846:
4837:
4828:
4819:
4809:December 29,
4807:. Retrieved
4798:
4786:$ 13 million
4776:
4763:
4753:December 29,
4751:. Retrieved
4747:
4741:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4698:
4689:
4680:
4672:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4595:
4586:
4577:
4568:
4558:December 29,
4556:. Retrieved
4544:
4523:
4514:
4505:
4496:
4487:
4478:
4469:
4460:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4396:Apache Woman
4394:
4389:
4379:
4373:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4260:
4251:
4230:
4221:
4212:
4203:
4193:November 17,
4191:. Retrieved
4187:the original
4180:
4172:
4163:
4154:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4098:
4089:
4080:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4007:Apache Woman
4006:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3844:
3835:
3826:
3816:
3810:
3805:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3760:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3724:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3667:
3659:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3483:
3474:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3395:
3386:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3274:
3265:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3226:
3215:
3212:
3204:
3192:
3188:Neil Postman
3181:
3148:B-television
3147:
3146:
3143:B-television
3137:B-television
3124:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3023:
3011:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2975:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2934:Jim Wynorski
2914:
2872:
2870:
2865:$ 10 million
2858:
2835:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2782:$ 50 million
2779:
2760:
2752:
2718:Pulp Fiction
2716:
2708:
2705:Janet Maslin
2700:
2697:$ 10 million
2690:
2683:Frankenstein
2676:
2672:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2637:Abel Ferrara
2633:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2592:
2591:'s original
2582:
2570:
2564:
2560:Total Recall
2558:
2552:
2546:
2539:$ 25 million
2536:
2520:
2506:
2500:
2499:(1986), and
2494:
2488:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2408:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2375:$ 55 million
2368:
2362:
2353:
2343:The Exorcist
2342:
2336:
2335:(1973), and
2330:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2292:
2289:George Lucas
2284:The Exorcist
2283:
2278:The Exorcist
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2255:Martin Sheen
2248:
2242:
2236:
2232:Patty Hearst
2229:
2222:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2191:$ 80 million
2184:
2170:
2151:
2143:Rocky Horror
2142:
2136:
2130:
2122:
2108:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2056:
2050:
2049:(1973), and
2046:Black Caesar
2044:
2038:
2033:directed by
2022:
2004:
1992:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1887:Pauline Kael
1880:
1879:. Reviewing
1874:
1865:
1857:Cannon Films
1849:
1842:
1837:
1809:
1803:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1753:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1690:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1626:
1620:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1543:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1419:Steve Reeves
1412:
1402:
1396:
1386:
1383:Raymond Burr
1376:
1365:The postwar
1364:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:Robert Towne
1323:
1319:Apache Woman
1317:
1311:
1305:
1302:Roger Corman
1299:
1288:
1282:
1266:
1263:Hot Rod Gang
1262:
1252:
1250:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1192:(1954)) and
1187:
1180:
1172:
1161:novels, but
1147:Ralph Meeker
1140:
1138:
1133:Split Second
1131:
1125:
1121:The Bigamist
1119:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1088:
1076:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1003:
996:
983:movies with
958:
951:
945:
943:
939:
932:
918:
917:(1943), and
912:
906:
900:
883:Anthony Mann
876:
855:
836:
833:sleeper hits
830:
825:
819:
813:
809:
797:
776:
764:Jane Withers
756:Charlie Chan
752:
745:
699:
695:
685:Poverty Row
674:Poverty Row
663:Poverty Row
536:
524:
490:
486:
478:
470:
438:
430:Warner Bros.
398:
371:
348:
333:
328:
306:
296:
242:Anthony Mann
239:
228:
208:
201:
175:
167:
165:
145:
142:Roger Corman
54:
43:
11054:Film genres
11003:Video nasty
10648:Underground
10594:Territories
10455:Horror film
10375:Video nasty
10370:Underground
10355:Slow cinema
10325:Sceneggiata
10213:Live action
10191:Independent
10171:Film Ă clef
10139:Docufiction
10107:Compilation
10082:Blockbuster
10050:Traditional
10045:Stop-motion
9981:Chick flick
9839:Slow cinema
9829:Remodernist
9644:Free Cinema
9624:Erra Cinema
9589:Cinema Novo
9467:Revisionist
8976:Gendai-geki
8912:Psychedelic
8900:Apocalyptic
8766:Beach party
8661:Slow cinema
8634:Space opera
8599:Fantastique
8470:Sceneggiata
8460:Musicarello
8333:Fantastique
8212:Fantastique
8155:Educational
8082:Video essay
8037:Documentary
7823:Maker Faire
7764:(wrestling)
7704:Homebrewing
7630:development
7625:Indie games
7617:Video games
7607:Warez scene
7516:'80s–
7413:Home movies
7346:Lo-fi music
7267:Small press
7245:conventions
6389:," in Pym,
5998:(available
5529:," in Pym,
5523:Auty, Chris
5427:October 20,
5386:"Sad News:
5340:October 20,
5326:See, e.g.,
5110:See, e.g.,
4782:$ 9 million
4552:"For Wanda"
4430:Bloody Mama
4393:From 1955:
3166:soap operas
3083:(1953) and
3075:Poverty Row
3002:, then the
2831:A. O. Scott
2675:(1991) and
2645:(1979) and
2623:Thomas Mann
2607:Time Warner
2599:$ 2 million
2513:2023 reboot
2470:, retitled
2360:space opera
2177:Tobe Hooper
2166:Roger Ebert
2147:subcultural
2127:John Waters
2087:(1979). An
2035:Larry Cohen
1943:Ossie Davis
1926:(1973) and
1910:(1971) and
1870:$ 2 million
1834:Philip Dray
1800:Peter Fonda
1776:(1971) and
1745:Vietnam War
1692:Blood Feast
1625:(1965) and
1582:Bettie Page
1578:nudist-camp
1545:Motorpsycho
1534:Kroger Babb
1530:grindhouses
1484:$ 2 million
1454:Santa Claus
1401:(1957) and
1358:The Tingler
1259:$ 2 million
1194:Sam Katzman
1159:Mike Hammer
1084:$ 1 million
1057:as well as
929:Robert Wise
843:$ 3 million
783:Dr. Kildare
768:cliffhanger
758:mysteries,
734:Harry Carey
468:exchanges.
459:and rising
344:Poverty Row
325:$ 1 million
301:Frank Capra
266:Bela Lugosi
262:Karen Black
150:(1963) for
11043:Categories
10998:Grindhouse
10955:Characters
10933:Disability
10928:Jump scare
10911:final girl
10717:Film lists
10600:Australia
10295:Paracinema
10280:Neorealist
10275:Mythopoeia
10260:Mockbuster
10225:Low-budget
10166:Featurette
9999:technique,
9997:By format,
9876:Surrealist
9871:Structural
9749:New German
9739:Neorealist
9734:Mumblecore
9674:Heimatfilm
9634:Film d'art
9599:Cinéma pur
9333:South Seas
9306:Sex report
8572:Paranormal
8535:Propaganda
8435:Mumblecore
8222:Historical
8104:Historical
7993:Remarriage
7983:Mo lei tau
7817:(magazine)
7635:developers
7501:Golden Age
7479:Mumblecore
6800:8, no. 1).
6400:12 (July).
6249:, April 5.
5294:January 7,
5268:January 7,
5153:August 13,
5128:August 13,
5096:January 2,
4902:January 8,
3430:programmer
3258:References
3174:game shows
3170:talk shows
3162:journalism
3157:commercial
3109:cult film
2944:The terms
2926:The Asylum
2855:Fox Atomic
2799:Madagascar
2673:No Telling
2589:Wes Craven
2572:Home Alone
2566:Die Hard 2
2554:Dick Tracy
2419:punk scene
2332:Earthquake
2268:Easy Rider
2215:prime-time
2205:Deathdream
2175:. Made by
2089:Easy Rider
2058:Deathdream
2007:16 mm
1999:low budget
1972:Fanny Hill
1966:Mondo Cane
1957:Bill Cosby
1929:Foxy Brown
1838:Easy Rider
1792:Easy Rider
1789:. Much of
1595:Russ Meyer
1550:Russ Meyer
1207:Don Siegel
1110:Ida Lupino
908:Cat People
903:Val Lewton
895:Eagle-Lion
891:John Alton
873:films noir
862:Eagle-Lion
847:box office
790:Features.
779:Andy Hardy
722:John Wayne
716:, the RKO
649:Universal
583:Paramount
533:adventure.
351:sound film
309:silent era
250:John Wayne
10844:Anthology
10756:By decade
10745:Malayalam
10670:Indonesia
10663:Bollywood
10633:Extremity
10489:Christmas
10462:Subgenres
10285:No-budget
10250:Meta-film
10218:animation
10176:Film-poem
10112:Composite
10057:Anthology
10020:Animation
10015:Actuality
10001:approach,
9769:New Queer
9689:Indiewood
9639:Film gris
9510:or period
9487:Spaghetti
9410:Submarine
9390:Vigilante
9355:Superhero
9109:Chopsocky
9055:Jidaigeki
8924:Dystopian
8823:Detective
8781:Buddy cop
8771:Body swap
8701:Political
8681:Financial
8644:Tokusatsu
8639:Steampunk
8555:Bromantic
8527:Malayalam
8506:Crossover
8482:Detective
8450:Backstage
8398:Religious
8254:Tech noir
8249:Pulp noir
8239:Film noir
8114:Melodrama
8052:Docudrama
8025:Cyberpunk
8018:Slapstick
8008:Screwball
7968:Gross out
7931:Christian
7909:Adventure
7800:DIY ethic
7757:Indie RPG
7740:NaĂŻve art
7725:Indie art
7582:Demoscene
7469:Indiewood
7433:Machinima
7239:Doujinshi
7226:Minicomic
6664:Thrillers
5525:(2005). "
5289:Bloomberg
5233:April 27,
5143:Telegraph
3433:picture".
3280:August 4,
3065:The term
2893:videotape
2822:King Kong
2820:), and a
2687:vampirism
2613:launched
2460:Sam Raimi
2451:Polyester
2380:King Kong
2364:Star Wars
2219:TV movies
2195:Halloween
2186:Halloween
2162:Bruce Lee
2111:cult film
2084:The Brood
2063:Bob Clark
1918:Jack Hill
1896:Pam Grier
1682:Homicidal
1679:vein was
1153:, one of
947:Desperate
851:film noir
732:starring
714:Tim McCoy
682:Monogram
671:Republic
638:Columbia
619:Big Five
608:Big Five
597:Big Five
586:Big Five
575:Big Five
564:Category
494:Bryan Foy
278:Pam Grier
147:The Raven
39:Bee Movie
11027:Category
10965:villains
10702:Thailand
10639:Germany
10622:Jiangshi
10611:Cambodia
10558:Splatter
10484:Cannibal
10469:Arthouse
10403:Category
10290:One-shot
10154:Abstract
10040:Computer
9724:Lettrist
9619:Dogme 95
9547:Bourekas
9517:Absolute
9457:Northern
9452:Meat pie
9405:Euro War
9400:Anti-war
9266:Rumberas
9187:Mountain
9089:Luchador
9045:Homeland
9033:Shotacon
9006:Suburban
8934:Economic
8895:Disaster
8828:Gangster
8803:Colonial
8793:Cannibal
8754:By theme
8711:Romantic
8666:Thriller
8624:New Wave
8619:Military
8577:Thriller
8545:Romantic
8492:Whodunit
8465:Operetta
8445:Arthouse
8413:Splatter
8308:Cannibal
8298:Arthouse
8281:Suburban
8271:Southern
8244:Neo-noir
8148:Thriller
8042:Animated
8030:Japanese
7998:Romantic
7988:Thriller
7914:Survival
7892:Arthouse
7880:By style
7735:Mail art
7670:ROM hack
7647:Fan game
7642:Homebrew
7565:Software
7428:Fan film
7304:Netlabel
7250:printers
7214:business
7209:Webcomic
7140:Archived
7082:B movies
7064:Archived
6953:... Is!
6279:Archived
5782:Archived
5722:New York
5421:Archived
5147:Archived
5124:. Images
5118:and Why
5090:Archived
4977:Archived
4947:Archived
4803:Archived
4742:Superman
3426:B Movies
3233:Jay Leno
3164:, daily
2918:disaster
2695:(1996),
2663:(1992),
2611:Showtime
2522:Ghoulies
2493:(1986),
2468:New Line
2444:(a.k.a.
2432:Suburbia
2370:Superman
2329:(1972),
2081:(1977),
2075:(1975),
2043:(1972),
2013:won the
1932:(1974).
1810:The Trip
1782:(1971).
1750:X rating
1642:The Trip
1586:softcore
1490:import,
1434:Hercules
1414:Hercules
1388:Godzilla
1104:B actors
1033:hot rods
977:Tim Holt
971:and the
911:(1942),
878:Raw Deal
781:and the
724:and the
513:Corrigan
482:trailers
365:, and a
359:newsreel
329:B movies
293:Columbia
55:B movies
10983:B movie
10976:Related
10896:History
10866:Natural
10837:By type
10629:France
10616:Chinese
10553:Slasher
10548:Satanic
10524:Monster
10514:Holiday
10385:Z movie
10161:Feature
10097:Collage
10067:B movie
10035:Cartoon
9774:No wave
9442:Florida
9437:Fantasy
9417:Western
9360:Surfing
9348:Eurospy
9318:Slavery
9168:Vampire
9148:Monster
9119:Kung fu
9060:Samurai
9028:Lolicon
8996:Romance
8843:Gong'an
8813:Concert
8798:Chicano
8761:Animals
8649:Western
8604:Fantasy
8562:Fantasy
8540:Reality
8477:Mystery
8455:Jukebox
8440:Musical
8418:Satanic
8408:Slasher
8378:Natural
8358:Holiday
8266:Romance
8232:Science
8197:Fantasy
8099:Dramedy
7963:Dramedy
7779:General
7526:Z movie
7518:present
7496:B movie
7406:Amateur
7356:Podsafe
7321:Station
7221:Webtoon
7204:Fanzine
7186:Reading
7057:Variety
6487:Ed Wood
6049:Reeling
5499:Sources
5487:June 5,
5228:Variety
4744:(1978)"
3067:Z movie
3053:Ed Wood
3044:Z movie
3038:Z movie
3024:Z movie
3016:Ed Wood
3008:Vampira
2978:C movie
2972:C movie
2966:B movie
2950:Z movie
2946:C movie
2910:YouTube
2878:Super 8
2873:Variety
2871:As the
2860:Variety
2829:critic
2753:updated
2320:Airport
2301:Decline
2158:kung fu
2072:Shivers
2017:at the
1882:Sisters
1826:redneck
1687:slasher
1404:Dracula
1353:Macabre
1115:Outrage
1100:B movie
1009:" like
991:played
738:Mounted
706:Maynard
561:Studio
517:Terhune
367:cartoon
284:History
231:sequels
215:Western
196:B-sides
168:B movie
98:Z movie
10906:Gender
10889:Topics
10871:Sci-fi
10849:Comedy
10735:Indian
10697:Mexico
10679:Giallo
10674:Italy
10654:India
10583:comedy
10578:Zombie
10494:Comedy
10413:Portal
10350:Silent
10340:Shinpa
10335:Serial
10320:Satire
10305:Poetry
10235:Masala
9964:ShĹŤnen
9947:Seinen
9462:Ostern
9447:Horror
9380:Travel
9338:Sports
9261:Rubble
9234:Prison
9202:Nature
9173:Zombie
9114:Gun fu
9050:Isekai
9023:Hentai
8991:Gothic
8917:Stoner
8883:Yakuza
8838:GokudĹŤ
8786:Female
8716:Techno
8686:Giallo
8676:Erotic
8671:Comedy
8614:Horror
8609:Gothic
8594:Comedy
8567:Gothic
8550:Comedy
8499:Giallo
8353:Giallo
8323:Comedy
8293:Horror
8261:Gothic
8202:Comedy
8128:Erotic
8119:Korean
8077:Travel
8067:Pseudo
8013:Silent
7978:Parody
7973:Horror
7941:Action
7936:Comedy
7887:Action
7873:genres
7807:Doujin
7689:Drinks
7653:Doujin
7339:Doujin
7231:Co-ops
7086:Curlie
7061:online
7049:
7035:
7021:
7007:
6986:
6972:
6943:
6923:online
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6649:
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6508:
6495:online
6480:online
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6323:
6310:online
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5631:online
5614:online
5600:
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5517:online
4990:46–50.
4453:Ivanna
4441:Ivanna
4417:, and
3944:
3123:, and
3030:) and
2990:cable.
2890:analog
2725:on an
2648:Ms. 45
2400:Meteor
2152:Asian
1859:, and
1710:gialli
1677:Psycho
1673:Psycho
1658:. Its
1655:Psycho
1554:psycho
1340:, and
1322:, and
1037:auteur
1014:exposé
981:Tarzan
979:, and
973:Falcon
730:oaters
708:, and
447:, and
432:, and
363:serial
355:shorts
276:, and
223:horror
213:; the
176:B film
174:), or
10960:hosts
10901:Score
10861:Ghost
10828:2020s
10823:2010s
10818:2000s
10813:1990s
10808:1980s
10803:1970s
10798:1960s
10793:1950s
10788:1940s
10783:1930s
10778:1920s
10773:1910s
10768:1900s
10763:1890s
10740:Hindi
10692:Korea
10687:Japan
10530:Kaiju
10365:Sound
10345:Short
10102:Color
10025:Anime
9986:Josei
9976:Women
9969:ShĹŤjo
9937:Anime
9927:Black
9922:Adult
9482:Space
9385:Trial
9328:Snuff
9239:Women
9214:Opera
9163:Mummy
9158:Kaiju
9141:Anime
9136:Mecha
9129:Wuxia
9124:Ninja
9072:LGBTQ
9067:KaitĹŤ
9018:Harem
9001:Space
8981:Ghost
8929:Ecchi
8890:Dance
8863:Mafia
8848:Heist
8818:Crime
8776:Buddy
8745:Trick
8691:Legal
8348:Ghost
8286:Urban
8276:Space
8109:Legal
8089:Drama
8062:Mondo
7946:Black
7718:Other
7398:Video
7341:music
7316:Radio
7282:Audio
7255:shops
6657:Wanda
6532:(aka
5463:(PDF)
5192:(PDF)
5185:(PDF)
4897:Salon
4443:(aka
3012:MST3K
2886:video
2847:150 m
2843:100 m
2701:Crash
2692:Crash
2678:Habit
2533:1990s
2312:1980s
2208:'
2078:Rabid
2024:Wanda
1994:Wanda
1923:Coffy
1846:1970s
1796:'
1606:Lorna
1574:nudie
1468:1960s
1227:Korea
969:Saint
897:firm.
794:1940s
710:Jones
509:Wayne
395:1930s
211:genre
10943:Race
10938:LGBT
10573:Teen
10499:Folk
10479:Body
10122:Cult
9959:Teen
9952:Stag
9943:Men
9422:Acid
9256:Road
9246:Race
9082:Yuri
9077:Yaoi
8907:Drug
8858:Hood
8303:Body
8217:High
8187:see
8165:Epic
8138:Pink
8072:Semi
7956:Sexy
7870:Film
7814:Make
7686:Food
7655:soft
7506:'50s
7047:ISBN
7033:ISBN
7019:ISBN
7005:ISBN
6984:ISBN
6970:ISBN
6941:ISBN
6885:ISBN
6871:ISBN
6857:ISBN
6832:ISBN
6818:ISBN
6784:ISBN
6770:ISBN
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6742:ISBN
6728:ISBN
6714:ISBN
6696:ISBN
6682:ISBN
6668:ISBN
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6633:ISBN
6619:ISBN
6605:ISBN
6591:ISBN
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6563:ISBN
6549:ISBN
6520:ISBN
6506:ISBN
6451:ISBN
6437:ISBN
6423:ISBN
6409:ISBN
6377:ISBN
6363:ISBN
6349:ISBN
6335:ISBN
6321:ISBN
6294:ISBN
6258:ISBN
6235:ISBN
6221:ISBN
6207:ISBN
6193:ISBN
6179:ISBN
6165:ISBN
6151:ISBN
6137:ISBN
6123:ISBN
6109:ISBN
6095:ISBN
6081:ISBN
6067:ISBN
6053:ISBN
6039:ISBN
6025:ISBN
6011:ISBN
5992:ISBN
5978:ISBN
5964:ISBN
5950:ISBN
5936:ISBN
5922:ISBN
5908:ISBN
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5880:ISBN
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5825:ISBN
5811:ISBN
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5761:ISBN
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5670:ISBN
5656:ISBN
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5598:ISBN
5584:ISBN
5570:ISBN
5556:ISBN
5542:ISBN
5489:2018
5429:2006
5402:2006
5342:2006
5296:2021
5270:2021
5235:2010
5200:2006
5155:2010
5130:2010
5098:2007
4985:2006
4955:2006
4904:2010
4811:2006
4767:See
4755:2006
4560:2006
4195:2006
3942:ISBN
3282:2017
3231:and
3176:and
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3069:(or
2976:The
2958:and
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2903:and
2880:and
2851:70 m
2839:60 m
2790:and
2685:and
2551:and
2355:Jaws
2241:and
2040:Bone
1635:and
1564:, a
1476:and
1243:and
1151:pulp
963:and
950:and
887:shot
885:and
826:Duel
616:RKO
572:MGM
399:The
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10062:Art
10030:Art
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7921:Art
7660:Mod
7084:at
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