2313:
2351:
20:
2371:
59:
2332:
2089:
2424:
2076:. This means SFA can provide an alternative to large-scale operations if a war becomes controversial or politically difficult. Given the ending of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, with US-led multinational missions to train and equip the militaries of weak states for counterinsurgency and counterterrorism purposes, the US (and many other Western militaries) have increasingly shifted towards SFA programs that make host-nation security force more capable of conducting
2187:, the United States developed SFA beginning in about 2006. Given the relative youth of the concept of SFA, and that the experiences of SOF with FID would inform the practice of SFA during its infancy, one can understand there would likely be difficulty in distinguishing the two until SFA has matured in and of itself.
2071:
assistance with "training, equipping and advising allied or 'partner' militaries to enable them to defend themselves without 100,000 Americans on the ground to do it for them." SFA is used when improving the security of the host country aligns with the national interests of the donor country. It may
2350:
2305:
in 2021, both of which specialize in SFA and FID. Finally, the institutionalization of SFA can be best seen with the establishment of the NATO SFA Center of
Excellence (Rome, Italy) in 2017, to collect lessons learned and advance conceptual development of SFA best practices, doctrine, education,
2312:
2273:
thereafter. The importance of SFA in the subsequent strategy of the
Western forces can be seen in the respective formation of the International Security Assistance Force and NATO Training Mission – Iraq. The key role of SFA in US strategy in
2151:
to support the development of the capacity and capabilities of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions, whether of a partner nation or an international organization (e.g., regional security organization), in support of US
2691:
2128:
activities that develop and improve, or directly support, the development of local forces and their associated institutions in crisis zones. Local forces comprise indigenous, non-NATO military security
2195:
Although SFA is relatively new as a concept within western military doctrine, it has been practiced as long as states have had the technology and power to carry it out. Historical examples of SFA are
2331:
2370:
2281:
The importance of SFA within NATO's approach to the War on Terror has led to NATO countries prioritizing the development of their SFA capabilities with dedicated units. For example, the
3393:
3419:
2507:
2219:. These conflicts gave rise to the current understanding of SFA, and the strategies employed within them also led to the need to define SFA and how to approach it within US
2175:(SOF), and SFA is chiefly larger-scale and the domain of conventional forces, but neither exclusively so. Differences may also be found in that FID is a tactical mission of
2702:
3492:
3340:
2110:
Security force assistance is the unified action to generate, employ, and sustain local, host-nation or regional security forces in support of a legitimate authority.
3507:
3512:
3547:
2614:
2738:
2183:
and focuses on state-level forces that may be both internal and external. Where FID was carried out for decades by special operations forces during the
2171:(FID). It is a common misconception that the two are the same. One difference between the two is that FID is chiefly smaller-scale and the domain of
2632:
2803:"SF Working By, With, Through Bolivian Rangers Capture Che Guevara | SOFREP SF Working By, With, Through Bolivian Rangers Capture Che Guevara"
2465:
2802:
2179:(IW), giving focus on the local population facing internal threats, whereas SFA is an operational or strategic mission that falls under
19:
2687:
2286:
2239:
2196:
1002:
2204:
1434:
2647:
2412:
2298:
3196:
2450:
2428:
2251:
3292:
3263:
3234:
2230:
equivalent to the strategic-level SFA, also has a long history. It was employed often during the Cold War by units such as
2776:
1790:
58:
3259:
Security Force
Assistance: Building Foreign Security Forces and Joint Doctrine for the Future of U.S. Regional Security
2487:
2208:
1985:
1763:
373:
24:
2854:
3497:
2898:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2357:
2290:
2231:
1439:
3394:"Army to shrink to its smallest size since the 1700s while ÂŁ23bn is invested in technology, under new defence plans"
2077:
2455:
2212:
1517:
3493:
Security Force
Assistance and the Concept of Sustainable Training as a Role for the U.S. Military in Today’s World
2407:
1862:
1500:
1287:
107:
3420:"New Army special operations Ranger Regiment to take on 'high threat' missions overseas after Integrated Review"
3542:
2278:
and lack of existing SFA doctrine meant that it had to be developed; this began in approximately 2007 to 2008.
1626:
2393:
Below is an incomplete list of units that today specialize in SFA or FID as one part of a wider SFA strategy.
3532:
2727:
2402:
2043:
1490:
3315:
3487:
2302:
2200:
1980:
679:
439:
1990:
1177:
974:
845:
383:
3537:
3527:
2064:
1454:
2247:
2243:
1564:
1072:
416:
290:
124:
2460:
2168:
2148:
2015:
1882:
1429:
1122:
935:
783:
3445:
3513:
What’s in a name? Clarifying the Divide between
Military Assistance and Security Force Assistance
3341:"Security Force Assistance Command, 2nd Security Force Assistance Brigade activate at Fort Bragg"
3133:"Winning 'Hearts and Minds'? A Critical Analysis of Counter-Insurgency Operations in Afghanistan"
2615:"Thinking outside of the Sandbox: Succeeding at Security Force Assistance beyond the Middle East"
2072:
be used alongside or instead of larger commitments of the donor country's military personnel and
1968:
1950:
1706:
1265:
1187:
1132:
1012:
725:
388:
267:
2258:. In fact, FID has been a core part of the role of modern SOF units since they came into being.
2088:
3262:. ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS SCHOOL OF ADVANCED MILITARY STUDIES.
2477:
2261:
Following their initial invasions, both the War in
Afghanistan and the Iraq War developed into
1835:
1810:
1532:
1444:
1317:
1192:
788:
765:
191:
90:
3288:
Future of
Security Force Assistance: Is the Modular Brigade Combat Team the Right Organization
2626:
2254:
and to prevent
Communist insurgencies gaining power abroad, motivated by thinking based upon
2144:
1424:
1357:
1310:
959:
922:
885:
803:
755:
639:
449:
242:
146:
2828:
2180:
1815:
1717:
1574:
1569:
1387:
1352:
1087:
902:
760:
696:
550:
520:
97:
2692:"Allied Joint Publication (AJP)-3.16, Allied Joint Doctrine for Security Force Assistance"
8:
2337:
1666:
1651:
1527:
1414:
1392:
1367:
1327:
1237:
1047:
947:
897:
664:
654:
619:
411:
401:
151:
75:
3015:"Policing Post-War Iraq: Insurgency, Civilian Police, and the Reconstruction of Society"
2534:"Small footprint, small payoff: The military effectiveness of security force assistance"
3202:
3160:
3106:
3042:
2988:
2969:"Searching for a Role: The Special Air Service (Sas) Regiment in the Malayan Emergency"
2942:
2561:
2423:
2282:
2216:
2000:
1855:
1775:
1696:
1641:
1616:
1537:
1483:
1449:
1380:
1297:
1207:
1112:
1057:
942:
907:
860:
735:
706:
659:
597:
572:
406:
200:
119:
3188:
Security force assistance in
Afghanistan : identifying lessons for future efforts
3192:
3164:
3152:
3098:
3046:
3034:
2980:
2894:
2587:
2565:
2553:
2341:
2275:
2266:
2262:
2220:
2176:
2100:
2036:
1945:
1892:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1750:
1733:
1728:
1701:
1646:
1347:
1337:
1332:
1322:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1202:
1172:
1062:
1032:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
912:
865:
835:
674:
467:
444:
378:
3110:
2662:
2005:
3144:
3088:
3080:
3030:
3026:
2934:
2886:
2545:
2492:
2068:
2010:
1975:
1907:
1800:
1738:
1631:
1559:
1552:
1409:
1342:
1292:
1282:
1157:
1077:
1037:
1022:
984:
969:
840:
825:
778:
686:
644:
587:
582:
540:
363:
340:
232:
156:
85:
68:
2549:
23:
American advisers teaching mortar firing techniques to Afghan soldiers during the
3148:
3014:
2482:
2270:
1820:
1805:
1723:
1679:
1621:
1277:
1272:
1162:
1152:
1067:
1042:
979:
820:
750:
740:
592:
577:
500:
472:
262:
257:
237:
80:
3286:
3257:
3228:
3084:
2533:
3488:
Distinguishing
Between Security Force Assistance & Foreign Internal Defense
3206:
3186:
3132:
2769:
2658:
2360:
briefs members of the Montagnard strike force prior to an operation during the
2294:
2227:
2172:
1995:
1743:
1167:
1127:
1105:
1092:
1082:
1052:
964:
917:
720:
711:
602:
555:
535:
525:
495:
462:
350:
307:
272:
247:
114:
47:
3068:
3521:
3502:
3156:
3102:
3038:
2984:
2770:"Developing Security Force Assistance: Lessons from Foreign Internal Defense"
2588:"Getting American Security Force Assistance Right: Political Context Matters"
2557:
2497:
2255:
1842:
1830:
1686:
1606:
1522:
1505:
1362:
1217:
1197:
875:
870:
850:
830:
745:
716:
691:
567:
545:
530:
505:
345:
252:
210:
205:
102:
3508:
Security Force Assistance Operations: Defining the Advise and Assist Brigade
2882:
Post-war Counterinsurgency and the SAS, 1945-1952: A Special Type of Warfare
2246:. The US Army Special Forces were enlarged and directed to focus on FID by
2096:
2092:
2029:
1955:
1935:
1930:
1825:
1770:
1404:
1399:
1222:
1137:
880:
614:
515:
312:
196:
2890:
3367:
2686:
2377:
2361:
2235:
2147:
security cooperation activities that contribute to unified action by the
1940:
1691:
1656:
1495:
1182:
1147:
855:
798:
701:
485:
186:
181:
2992:
2968:
2946:
2880:
2073:
3093:
2502:
2381:
2318:
1897:
1867:
1589:
953:
3470:
2938:
2203:. The modern concept of SFA, however, is intrinsically linked to the
1887:
1711:
1661:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1461:
1252:
1247:
1212:
649:
335:
302:
171:
2645:
2134:
Allied Joint Doctrine for Security Force Assistance (AJP-3.16), 2016
3291:(Thesis). ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLL FORT LEAVENWORTH KS.
2922:
2853:
Shribman, David; Times, Special To the New York (9 December 1981).
2532:
Biddle, Stephen; Macdonald, Julia; Baker, Ryan (23 February 2018).
2322:
2184:
1902:
1877:
1510:
1142:
1117:
730:
285:
227:
139:
2321:
soldiers finish training assisted by American advisers during the
2265:, with the US-led allies in both conflicts primarily carrying out
3368:"Defence review: British army to be cut to 72,500 troops by 2025"
1912:
1872:
1636:
1470:
1466:
808:
793:
669:
330:
325:
295:
214:
176:
3446:"UK looks to new 'Ranger' regiment to tackle emerging conflicts"
1419:
815:
632:
368:
2139:
Joint Publication 3-20, Security Cooperation, defines SFA as:
2508:
List of foreign aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War
890:
426:
421:
2613:
Matisek, Jahara &, Commons, Austin (March–April 2021).
2125:
166:
161:
3316:"New U.S. training unit in Afghanistan faces old problems"
3069:"Understanding the Taliban and Insurgency in Afghanistan"
39:
2388:
3067:
Johnson, Thomas H.; Mason, M. Chris (1 December 2007).
3498:
What is Security Force Assistance & What is JCISFA
16:
Military term for adviser assistance to foreign forces
3013:
Deflem, Mathieu; Sutphin, Suzanne (1 November 2006).
2612:
2531:
2197:
the role of France in the American Revolutionary War
2115:
Field Manual 3-07.1: Security Force Assistance, 2009
2973:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
2646:Headquarters, Department of the Army (1 May 2009).
2586:Matisek, Jahara; Reno, William (January 23, 2019).
2157:Joint Publication 3-20, Security Cooperation, 2017
3519:
2648:"Field Manual 3-07.1: Security Force Assistance"
3503:Army Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs)
3417:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2728:"Joint Publication 3-20: Security Cooperation"
2120:Allied Joint Publication-3.16 defines SFA as:
3012:
2852:
2124:Security force assistance (SFA) includes all
2037:
3548:United States Department of Defense doctrine
3066:
2631:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2527:
2525:
2523:
2106:US Army Field Manual 3-07.1 defines SFA as:
2800:
2756:
2585:
2466:United States Naval Special Warfare Command
2418:
2855:"KENNEDY GAVE SPECIAL FORCES THEIR EMBLEM"
2287:Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs)
2044:
2030:
3313:
3092:
2829:"Introduction: Special Forces in Bolivia"
2688:Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre
2520:
2340:advisers help plan operations during the
3365:
3284:
3255:
3233:. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC.
2768:Matelski, Thomas R. (18 November 2008).
2767:
2422:
2167:SFA is linked to, though distinct from,
2143:Security force assistance is the set of
2087:
1003:List of military strategies and concepts
18:
3443:
3226:
2920:
2826:
2205:International Security Assistance Force
3520:
3256:Sullivan, Michael D. (11 April 2008).
3130:
2413:11th Security Force Assistance Brigade
2299:11th Security Force Assistance Brigade
3184:
2966:
2878:
2451:1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)
2429:1st Security Force Assistance Brigade
2389:British and U.S. units and formations
3285:Escandon, Joseph E. (13 June 2008).
2252:global influence of the Soviet Union
3391:
3314:Mackenzie, James (17 August 2018).
3131:Egnell, Robert (1 September 2010).
13:
2801:Balestrieri, Steve (Oct 9, 2018).
2488:Military Assistance Advisory Group
2441:Security Force Assistance Brigades
2242:in assisting Bolivia to fight the
14:
3559:
3481:
3295:from the original on June 1, 2022
3266:from the original on June 1, 2022
3237:from the original on June 1, 2022
3227:Dempsey, Martin E. (1 May 2009).
2446:United States Army Special Forces
2436:Security Force Assistance Command
2396:
2358:United States Army Special Forces
2291:Security Force Assistance Command
2232:United States Army Special Forces
3444:Warrell, Helen (19 March 2021).
3418:Sky UK Limited (20 March 2021).
2782:from the original on 26 Jun 2022
2744:from the original on 14 Aug 2023
2456:Joint Special Operations Command
2369:
2349:
2330:
2311:
2201:the Cuban intervention in Angola
57:
3463:
3437:
3411:
3385:
3359:
3333:
3307:
3278:
3249:
3220:
3178:
3124:
3060:
3006:
2960:
2914:
2872:
2846:
2408:Army Special Operations Brigade
3031:10.1080/00380237.2006.10571289
2820:
2794:
2720:
2680:
2639:
2606:
2579:
2226:FID, which can be seen as the
2083:
1:
2921:Lindsay, Franklin A. (1962).
2879:Jones, Tim (1 October 2001).
2550:10.1080/01402390.2017.1307745
2513:
2403:United Kingdom Special Forces
2099:military advisers during the
2078:Large Scale Combat Operations
3149:10.1080/13698249.2010.509562
2701:. p. 19. Archived from
2538:Journal of Strategic Studies
2303:British Army Ranger Regiment
2063:) a term originating in the
7:
3191:. Santa Monica: RAND Corp.
3185:Kelly, Terrence K. (2011).
3085:10.1016/j.orbis.2006.10.006
2661:. p. 9. Archived from
2471:
2427:Activation ceremony of the
1501:Military–industrial complex
975:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
3564:
3366:BBC News (22 March 2021).
2737:. 23 May 2017. p. 9.
2190:
2065:United States Armed Forces
3230:Security Force Assistance
2827:Briscoe, Charles (2008).
2248:President John F. Kennedy
2173:Special Operations Forces
2162:
2057:Security Force Assistance
1565:Loss-of-strength gradient
417:Combat information center
2923:"Unconventional Warfare"
2461:United States Navy SEALs
2419:United States of America
2376:Soviet matériel used by
2293:in 2018. Similarly, the
2240:8th Special Forces Group
2169:Foreign Internal Defense
2149:United States Government
1883:Military science fiction
1368:Technology and equipment
784:List of military tactics
2967:Leary, John D. (1995).
1951:Wartime sexual violence
1707:Full-spectrum dominance
1518:Supply-chain management
2478:Unconventional warfare
2431:
2234:. This can be seen in
2160:
2137:
2118:
2103:
1863:Awards and decorations
1836:Peace through strength
1811:Low-intensity conflict
1445:Conscientious objector
1318:Area of responsibility
27:
3543:Military intervention
2891:10.4324/9780203045626
2592:Joint Force Quarterly
2426:
2297:established both the
2213:NATO Training Mission
2145:Department of Defense
2141:
2122:
2108:
2091:
450:Torpedo data computer
440:Ship gun fire-control
22:
3533:Foreign intervention
2285:began to create its
2244:Ă‘ancahuazĂş Guerrilla
2238:and the role of the
2181:conventional warfare
1981:Military occupations
1816:Military engineering
1718:Unrestricted Warfare
1575:Force multiplication
468:Military manoeuvrers
3392:Bunkall, Alistair.
2338:Soviet Armed Forces
1667:Penal military unit
1652:Rules of engagement
1328:Command and control
948:Operations research
412:Director (military)
402:Fire-control system
152:Command and control
33:Part of a series on
3347:. December 7, 2018
3019:Sociological Focus
2859:The New York Times
2432:
2283:United States Army
2209:War in Afghanistan
2104:
1776:Counter-insurgency
1697:Command of the sea
1642:Jewish laws on war
1617:Geneva Conventions
1153:Divide and conquer
943:Military operation
908:Tactical objective
407:Fire-control radar
384:Electronic-warfare
28:
25:War in Afghanistan
3538:Military advisors
3528:Counterinsurgency
3198:978-0-8330-5224-7
2833:arsof-history.org
2775:. pp. 3–12.
2342:Angolan Civil War
2276:the War on Terror
2267:counterinsurgency
2221:military doctrine
2177:irregular warfare
2101:Angolan Civil War
2054:
2053:
1946:Horses in warfare
1893:Anti-war movement
1796:Gunboat diplomacy
1786:Disaster response
1734:Philosophy of war
1729:Principles of war
1702:Deterrence theory
1647:Right of conquest
1570:Lanchester's laws
1338:Principles of war
1028:Counter-offensive
1008:Military campaign
913:Target saturation
836:Counterinsurgency
445:Gun data computer
379:Close air support
341:Aircraft carriers
3555:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3096:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2979:(296): 251–269.
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2939:10.2307/20029552
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2732:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2707:
2696:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2652:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2622:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2529:
2493:Military adviser
2373:
2356:An adviser from
2353:
2334:
2315:
2306:training, etc.
2158:
2135:
2116:
2069:military adviser
2046:
2039:
2032:
1801:Humanitarian aid
1739:Security dilemma
1560:Power projection
1343:Economy of force
1323:Chain of command
1038:Defence in depth
1023:Commerce raiding
841:Defeat in detail
157:Defense ministry
61:
52:
51:
42:
30:
29:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3518:
3517:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3450:Financial Times
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3207:10.7249/mg1066a
3199:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2927:Foreign Affairs
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2766:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2655:usacac.army.mil
2650:
2644:
2640:
2624:
2623:
2619:Military Review
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2530:
2521:
2516:
2483:Nation-building
2474:
2421:
2399:
2391:
2384:
2374:
2365:
2354:
2345:
2335:
2326:
2316:
2271:nation-building
2250:to counter the
2193:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2136:
2133:
2117:
2114:
2086:
2050:
2021:
2020:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1858:
1848:
1847:
1821:Multilateralism
1806:Law enforcement
1766:
1756:
1755:
1724:Just war theory
1682:
1672:
1671:
1622:Geneva Protocol
1592:
1582:
1581:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1486:
1476:
1475:
1383:
1373:
1372:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1188:Network-centric
1108:
1098:
1097:
1000:
990:
989:
938:
928:
927:
876:Rapid dominance
781:
771:
770:
726:Electromagnetic
635:
625:
624:
611:
564:
512:
488:
478:
477:
473:Combat training
454:
431:
397:Combat systems:
393:
355:
351:Auxiliary ships
317:
277:
219:
142:
132:
131:
71:
45:
44:
43:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3482:External links
3480:
3477:
3476:
3471:"NATO SFA COE"
3462:
3436:
3410:
3384:
3358:
3332:
3306:
3277:
3248:
3219:
3197:
3177:
3143:(3): 282–303.
3123:
3059:
3025:(4): 265–283.
3005:
2959:
2913:
2899:
2871:
2845:
2819:
2793:
2755:
2719:
2708:on 27 May 2022
2679:
2668:on 21 May 2009
2659:Washington, DC
2638:
2605:
2578:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2397:United Kingdom
2395:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2336:
2329:
2327:
2317:
2310:
2295:United Kingdom
2263:guerrilla wars
2228:tactical-level
2192:
2189:
2164:
2161:
2154:
2131:
2112:
2085:
2082:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Military terms
1983:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1744:Tripwire force
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1678:
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1427:
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1417:
1412:
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1397:
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1355:
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1320:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1266:Administrative
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:New generation
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1168:Fleet in being
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1106:Grand strategy
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:Scorched earth
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:Deep operation
962:
957:
950:
945:
939:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
894:
893:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
812:
811:
806:
801:
791:
782:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
766:Unconventional
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
714:
712:Disinformation
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:
677:
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657:
652:
647:
642:
636:
631:
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623:
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610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
605:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
558:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
511:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
489:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
470:
465:
463:Basic training
460:
453:
452:
447:
442:
437:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
392:
391:
389:Reconnaissance
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
316:
315:
310:
308:Special forces
305:
300:
299:
298:
288:
283:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
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235:
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203:
194:
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174:
169:
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159:
154:
149:
143:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
128:
127:
122:
112:
111:
110:
105:
95:
94:
93:
86:Post-classical
83:
78:
72:
67:
66:
63:
62:
54:
53:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3560:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3472:
3466:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3252:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2902:
2900:9781136339240
2896:
2892:
2888:
2885:. Routledge.
2884:
2883:
2875:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:War on terror
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2256:domino theory
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2130:
2127:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Warrior caste
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1843:Show of force
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Peacebuilding
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Air supremacy
1685:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Islamic rules
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:Court-martial
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Arms industry
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:Broken-backed
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
993:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
960:Expeditionary
958:
956:
955:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
937:
932:
931:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
889:
888:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:Counterattack
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
780:
775:
774:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:Psychological
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
692:Combined arms
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
634:
629:
628:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
565:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:Fortification
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
513:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
491:
490:
487:
482:
481:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
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2093:Eastern Bloc
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1956:Fifth column
1936:War resister
1931:Women in war
1826:Peacekeeping
1771:Arms control
1716:
1405:Mobilization
1400:Conscription
1358:Intelligence
1311:Organization
952:
881:Encirclement
761:Radiological
697:Conventional
551:Subterranean
458:Development:
457:
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321:Naval units:
320:
313:Signal corps
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243:Intelligence
223:Specialties:
222:
147:Organization
98:Early modern
3094:10945/30471
2786:1 September
2748:2 September
2735:www.jcs.mil
2712:1 September
2672:1 September
2544:(1–2): 90.
2380:during the
2378:North Korea
2362:Vietnam War
2236:Project 404
2152:objectives.
2084:Definitions
1941:War studies
1764:Non-warfare
1692:Appeasement
1657:Martial law
1496:War economy
1435:Transgender
1388:Recruitment
1148:Containment
1033:Culminating
1013:Anti-access
936:Operational
856:Envelopment
799:Air assault
680:Air cavalry
640:Air defence
620:Information
521:Cold-region
486:Battlespace
435:Historical:
281:Land units:
187:Space force
182:Coast guard
115:Late modern
76:Prehistoric
3522:Categories
3455:3 November
3429:3 November
3403:3 November
3377:3 November
3351:3 November
3325:3 November
3299:3 November
3270:3 November
3241:3 November
3212:3 November
3170:3 November
3137:Civil Wars
3116:3 November
3052:3 November
2998:3 November
2952:3 November
2933:(2): 274.
2906:3 November
2864:3 November
2838:3 November
2812:3 November
2598:3 November
2571:2 November
2514:References
2503:Lend-Lease
2382:Korean War
2319:Iraqi army
2001:War crimes
1991:Operations
1898:Foot drill
1868:Battle cry
1781:deterrence
1440:Harassment
1415:Specialism
1238:Technology
1233:Succession
1178:Liberation
1113:Asymmetric
1048:Empty fort
954:Blitzkrieg
923:Withdrawal
886:Investment
665:Camouflage
660:Biological
598:Underwater
573:Amphibious
492:Aerospace
359:Air units:
336:Submarines
125:fourth-gen
120:industrial
108:napoleonic
3165:143827718
3157:1369-8249
3103:0030-4387
3047:153772055
3039:0038-0237
2985:0037-9700
2566:157229640
2558:0140-2390
2129:forces...
1888:War novel
1791:Grey-zone
1751:War games
1712:Overmatch
1662:War crime
1612:Desertion
1602:Ceasefire
1597:Armistice
1484:Logistics
1462:Mercenary
1450:Volunteer
1381:Personnel
1353:Engineers
1298:Sociology
1253:World war
1248:Total war
1228:Strategic
1218:Religious
1203:Political
1198:Perpetual
1173:Irregular
1088:Offensive
1063:Defensive
1058:Deception
1018:Attrition
866:Guerrilla
861:Formation
804:Airbridge
736:Loitering
650:Artillery
303:Artillery
238:Engineers
201:Irregular
172:Air force
3424:Sky News
3398:Sky News
3372:BBC News
3293:Archived
3264:Archived
3235:Archived
3111:15432274
2993:44230003
2947:20029552
2777:Archived
2739:Archived
2621:: 34–42.
2472:See also
2323:Iraq War
2217:Iraq War
2211:and the
2185:Cold War
2155:—
2132:—
2113:—
2080:(LSCO).
2074:matériel
1903:War song
1878:War film
1511:Materiel
1430:Children
1410:Training
1348:Medicine
1333:Doctrine
1288:Training
1223:Resource
1208:Princely
1158:Economic
1143:Conquest
1138:Colonial
1133:Cold war
1118:Blockade
998:Strategy
970:Maneuver
731:Infantry
687:Chemical
541:Mountain
501:Airborne
364:Fighters
331:Warships
286:Infantry
228:Rifleman
192:Reserves
140:Military
3320:Reuters
2289:within
2215:of the
2207:in the
2191:History
2016:Writers
2011:Weapons
1976:Battles
1925:Related
1913:Wargame
1908:Uniform
1856:Culture
1637:Perfidy
1632:Justice
1553:Science
1538:Outpost
1491:History
1471:Warrior
1467:Soldier
1455:foreign
1393:counter
1293:Service
1243:Theater
1183:Limited
1163:Endemic
1078:Nuclear
846:Foxhole
821:Cavalry
809:Airdrop
794:Airlift
779:Tactics
751:Nuclear
741:Missile
670:Cavalry
655:Barrage
633:Weapons
593:Surface
374:Command
369:Bombers
326:Frogman
296:Cavalry
253:Medical
215:Militia
197:Regular
177:Marines
91:castles
81:Ancient
69:History
48:outline
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1996:Sieges
1680:Theory
1420:Morale
1278:Policy
1273:Branch
1053:Mosaic
1043:Fabian
985:Covert
918:Trench
903:Screen
826:Charge
816:Battle
789:Aerial
707:Denial
675:Horses
603:Seabed
556:Tunnel
536:Jungle
526:Desert
496:Aerial
263:Diving
258:Police
3203:JSTOR
3161:S2CID
3107:S2CID
3073:Orbis
3043:S2CID
2989:JSTOR
2943:JSTOR
2780:(PDF)
2773:(PDF)
2742:(PDF)
2731:(PDF)
2706:(PDF)
2695:(PDF)
2666:(PDF)
2651:(PDF)
2562:S2CID
1969:Lists
1425:Women
1363:Ranks
1283:Staff
1213:Proxy
1128:Class
1083:Naval
1068:Depth
898:Swarm
891:Siege
871:Naval
851:Drone
746:Music
721:Robot
717:Drone
702:Cyber
645:Armor
615:Cyber
588:Green
583:Brown
546:Urban
506:Space
427:Radar
422:Sonar
291:Armor
273:Pilot
268:Comms
248:Recon
233:Staff
206:Ranks
3457:2021
3431:2021
3405:2021
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3193:ISBN
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2895:ISBN
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2788:2023
2750:2023
2714:2023
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2633:link
2600:2021
2594:(92)
2573:2021
2554:ISSN
2301:and
2269:and
2199:and
2126:NATO
2095:and
2067:for
2006:Wars
1523:Base
1073:Goal
980:Raid
578:Blue
516:Land
167:Navy
162:Army
3145:doi
3089:hdl
3081:doi
3027:doi
2935:doi
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