Sedimentary basin - Knowledge

1171: 695: 883: 554: 966: 451: 564: 1255:, uses electromagnetic and radioactive properties of the rocks surrounding the borehole, as well as their interaction with the fluids used in the process of drilling the borehole, to create a continuous record of the rocks along the length of the borehole, displayed as of a family of curves. Comparison of well log curves between multiple boreholes can be used to understand the stratigraphy of a sedimentary basin, particularly if used in conjunction with seismic stratigraphy. 636: 75: 1058: 763: 265: 376: 394: 204:

another, such as a rift process going to completion to form a passive margin. In this case the sedimentary rocks of the rift basin phase are overlain by those rocks deposited during the passive margin phase. Hybrid basins where a single regional basin results from the processes that are characteristic of multiple of these types are also possible.

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subcircular in shape and are commonly filled with shallow water marine or terrestrial sedimentary rocks that remain flat-lying and relatively undeformed over long periods of time due to the long-lived tectonic stability of the underlying craton. The geodynamic forces that create them remain poorly understood.

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Passive margins are long-lived and generally become inactive only as a result of the closing of a major ocean through continental collision resulting from plate tectonics. As a result the sedimentary record of inactive passive margins often are found as thick sedimentary sequences in mountain belts.

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will tend to fault (crack) and fracture. The combined effect of these two mechanisms is for Earth's surface in the area of extension to subside, creating a geographical depression which is then often infilled with water and/or sediments. (An analogy is a piece of rubber, which thins in the middle

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The long-term preserved geologic record of a sedimentary basin is a large scale contiguous three-dimensional package of sedimentary rocks created during a particular period of geologic time, a 'stratigraphic succession', that geologists continue to refer to as a sedimentary basin even if it is no

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is another geodynamic mechanism that can cause regional subsidence resulting in the creation of a sedimentary basin. If a load is placed on the lithosphere, it will tend to flex in the manner of an elastic plate. The magnitude of the lithospheric flexure is a function of the imposed load and the

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Pull-apart basins is are created along major strike-slip faults where a bend in the fault geometry or the splitting of the fault into two or more faults creates tensional forces that cause crustal thinning or stretching due to extension, creating a regional depression. Frequently, the basins are

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Trench basins are deep linear depressions formed where a subducting oceanic plate descends into the mantle, beneath the overriding continental (Andean type) or oceanic plate (Mariana type). Trenches form in the deep ocean but, particularly where the overriding plate is continental crust they can

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Passive margins generally have deep sedimentary basins that form along the margin of a continent after two continents have completely rifted apart to become separated by an ocean. Cooling and densification of the underlying lithosphere over tens of millions of years drives subsidence that allows

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are found in sedimentary rock. Many metal ores are found in sedimentary rocks formed in particular sedimentary environments. Sedimentary basins are also important from a purely scientific perspective because their sedimentary fill provides a record of Earth's history during the time in which the

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The sedimentary rocks comprising the fill of sedimentary basins hold the most complete historical record of the evolution of the earth's surface over time. Regional study of these rocks can be used as the primary record for different kinds of scientific investigation aimed at understanding and

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Although no one basin classification scheme has been widely adopted, several common types of sedimentary basins are widely accepted and well understood as distinct types. Over its complete lifespan a single sedimentary basin can go through multiple phases and evolve from one of these types to

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After any kind of sedimentary basin has begun to form, the load created by the water and sediments filling the basin creates additional load, thus causing additional lithospheric flexure and amplifying the original subsidence that created the basin, regardless of the original cause of basin

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A broad comparatively shallow basin formed far from the edge of a continental craton as a result of prolonged, broadly distributed but slow subsidence of the continental lithosphere relative to the surrounding area. They are sometimes referred to as intracratonic sag basins. They tend to be

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Berra, Fabrizio; Galli, Maria Teresa; Reghellin, Federico; Torricelli, Stefano; Fantoni, Roberto (June 2009). "Stratigraphic evolution of the Triassic-Jurassic succession in the Western Southern Alps (Italy): the record of the two-stage rifting on the distal passive margin of Adria".

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activity. Mechanisms of crustal deformation that lead to subsidence and sedimentary basin formation include the thinning of underlying crust; depression of the crust by sedimentary, tectonic or volcanic loading; or changes in the thickness or density of underlying or adjacent

1163:). Sedimentary basin analysis is thus an important area of study for purely scientific and academic reasons. There are however important economic incentives as well for understanding the processes of sedimentary basin formation and evolution because almost all of the world's 983:

of the lithosphere, and the wavelength of flexure is a function of flexural rigidity of the lithospheric plate. Flexural rigidity is in itself, a function of the lithospheric mineral composition, thermal regime, and effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere.

119:. Continental margins formed when new ocean basins like the Atlantic are created as continents rift apart are likely to have lifespans of hundreds of millions of years, but may be only partially preserved when those ocean basins close as continents collide. 1188:

are focused on understanding the three-dimensional architecture, packaging and layering of this body of sedimentary rocks as a record resulting from sedimentary processes acting over time, influenced by global sea level change and regional plate tectonics.

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Example of surface geologic study of a sedimentary basin fill through field geologic mapping and interpretation of aerial photography. This example includes major erosional surface (sequence boundary) resulting from erosion and fill of a large submarine

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accumulate thick sequences of sediments from eroding coastal mountains. Smaller 'trench slope basins' can form in association with a trench can form directly atop the associated accretionary prism as it grows and changes shape creating ponded basins.

157:- the proximity to a divergent, convergent or transform plate tectonic boundary and the type and origin of the tectonically-induced forces that cause a basin to form, specifically those active at the time of active sedimentation in the basin. 1179:

All of these perspectives on the history of a particular region are based on the study of a large three-dimensional body of sedimentary rocks that resulted from the fill of one or more sedimentary basins over time. The scientific studies of

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Bond, Gerard C.; Kominz, Michelle A. (1984). "Construction of tectonic subsidence curves for the early Paleozoic miogeocline, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains: Implications for subsidence mechanisms, age of breakup, and crustal thinning".

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More than six hundred sedimentary basins have been identified worldwide. They range in areal size from tens of square kilometers to well over a million, and their sedimentary fills range from one to almost twenty kilometers in thickness.

1049:. As newly-formed oceanic crust cools over a period of tens of millions of years. This is an important contribution to subsidence in rift basins, backarc basins and passive margins where they are underlain by newly-formed oceanic crust. 91:. Once the process of basin formation has begun, the weight of the sediments being deposited in the basin adds a further load on the underlying crust that accentuates subsidence and thus amplifies basin development as a result of 440:- where the topographic load of a large mountain belt being formed and thrust onto a plate, usually as a result of orogenisis due to continental collision, causes continental lithosphere to bend downward along the mountain front. 546:

Back-arc basins result from stretching and thinning of crust behind volcanic arcs resulting when tensional forces created at the plate boundary pull the overriding plate toward the subducting oceanic plate in a process known as

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Schematic diagram of the California continental margin during the Cretaceous, showing the deposition of the Great Valley Sequence in a forearc basin between the Franciscan accretionary wedge and the volcanic arc of the Sierra

902:(associated with convergent boundaries), the effect is believed to be twofold. The lower, hotter part of the lithosphere will "flow" slowly away from the main area being stretched, whilst the upper, cooler and more brittle 430:

An elongate basin that develops adjacent and parallel to an actively growing mountain belt when the immense weight created by the growing mountains on top of continental lithosphere causes the plate to bend downward.

115:. Intracratonic basins, which form on highly-stable continental interiors, have a high probability of preservation. In contrast, sedimentary basins formed on oceanic crust are likely to be destroyed by 1073:. Faults associated with these plate boundaries are primarily vertical. Wherever these vertical fault planes encounter bends, movement along the fault can create local areas of compression or tension. 2901:

Mannu, Utsav; Ueda, Kosuke; Willett, Sean D.; Gerya, Taras V.; Strasser, Michael (June 2017). "Stratigraphic signatures of forearc basin formation mechanisms: STRATIGRAPHY OF FOREARC BASINS".

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A dozen or so common types of sedimentary basins are widely recognized and several classification schemes are proposed, however no single classification scheme is recognized as the standard.

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Rift basins are elongate sedimentary basins formed in depressions created by tectonically-induced thinning (stretching) of continental crust, generally bounded by normal faults that create

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Pinet, Nicolas; Lavoie, Denis; Dietrich, Jim; Hu, Kezhen; Keating, Pierre (October 2013). "Architecture and subsidence history of the intracratonic Hudson Bay Basin, northern Canada".

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Sarti, Massimo; Bosellini, Alfonso; Winterer, Edward L. (1992). "Basin Geometry and Architecture of a Tethyan Passive Margin, Southern Alps, ItalyImplications for Rifting Mechanisms".

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Withjack, M. O.; Schlische, R. W.; Malinconico, M. L.; Olsen, P. E. (January 2013). "Rift-basin development: lessons from the Triassic–Jurassic Newark Basin of eastern North America".

1038:. Analogous to a solid floating in a liquid, as the lithospheric plate gets denser it sinks because it displaces more of the underlying mantle through an equilibrium process known as 551:. This only occurs when the subducting oceanic crust is older (>55 million years old), and therefore colder and denser, and being subducted at an angle greater than 30 degrees. 3419:

Ben-Avraham, Z.; Lazar, M.; Garfunkel, Z.; Reshef, M.; Ginzburg, A.; Rotstein, Y.; Frieslander, U.; Bartov, Y.; Shulman, H. (2012). "Structural styles along the Dead Sea Fault".

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Farangitakis, Georgios-Pavlos; McCaffrey, Ken J. W.; Willingshofer, Ernst; Allen, Mark B.; Kalnins, Lara M.; Hunen, Jeroen; Persaud, Patricia; Sokoutis, Dimitrios (April 2021).

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thick accumulations of sediments eroded from the adjacent continent. Some authors distinguish two subtypes based on volcanism during the early phases of margin development,

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Much of a sedimentary basin's fill often remains buried below the surface, often submerged in the ocean, and thus cannot be studied directly. Acoustic imaging using

3955: 55:, primarily gravity-driven transportation of water-borne eroded material, acts to fill the depression. As the sediments are buried, they are subject to increasing 694: 3982: 2379:

Jadoul, Flavio; Berra, Fabrizio; Garzanti, Eduardo (April 1998). "The Tethys Himalayan passive margin from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous (South Tibet)".

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Dickinson, William R. (1 September 1976). "Sedimentary basins developed during evolution of Mesozoic–Cenozoic arc–trench system in western North America".

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At the time they are being drilled, boreholes are also surveyed by pulling electronic instruments along the length of the borehole in a process known as

1878: 2979:"Forearc Basin: Characteristics of the Subsurface in Magdalena Shelf, Baja California, Mexico, from the Interpretation of Seismic-Reflection Profiles" 1170: 1123:

was caused by vertical movement along local thrust and reverse faults "bunching up" against the bend in the otherwise strike-slip fault environment.

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Tectonic extension at divergent boundaries where continental rifting is occurring can create a nascent ocean basin leading to either an ocean or the

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Direct sampling of the rocks themselves is accomplished via the drilling of boreholes and the retrieval of rock samples in the form of both

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Watts, A. B.; Tozer, B.; Daly, M. C.; Smith, J. (January 2018). "A comparative study of the Parnaíba, Michigan and Congo cratonic basins".

194:- basin characteristics that influence the likelihood for the basin to have an accumulations of petroleum or the manner in which it formed. 2936:

Schlüter, H. U.; Gaedicke, C.; Roeser, H. A.; Schreckenberger, B.; Meyer, H.; Reichert, C.; Djajadihardja, Y.; Prexl, A. (October 2002).

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Link, Martin H.; Osborne, Robert H. (24 November 1978). "Lacustrine Facies in the Pliocene Ridge Basin Group: Ridge Basin, California".

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Thermal subsidence is particularly measurable and observable with oceanic crust, as there is a well-established correlation between the

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Barrie, J. Vaughn; Hill, Philip R. (1 May 2004). "Holocene faulting on a tectonic margin: Georgia Basin, British Columbia, Canada".

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Where the sedimentary rocks comprising a sedimentary basin's fill are exposed at the earth's surface, traditional field geology and

4213: 1236:. These allow geologists to study small samples of the rocks directly and also very importantly allow paleontologists to study the 1069:

settings, deformation of the lithosphere occurs primarily in the plane of Earth as a result of near horizontal maximum and minimum

3530:<1357:ANAOTT>2.3.CO;2 "A new angle on the tectonic evolution of the Ridge basin, a strike-slip basin in southern California" 4581: 874:

Sedimentary basins form as a result of regional subsidence of the lithosphere, mostly as a result of a few geodynamic processes.

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E.Wu, Jonathan; McClay, Ken; Whitehouse, Paul; Dooley, Tim (2012). "4D analogue modelling of transtensional pull-apart basins".

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are examples of sedimentary basins that are no longer depressions. Basins formed in different tectonic regimes vary in their

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Sedimentary basins are created by deformation of Earth's lithosphere in diverse geological settings, usually as a result of

3968: 1111:, where converging movement of a curved fault plane causes collision of the opposing sides of the fault. An example is the 894:

is caused to stretch horizontally, by mechanisms such as rifting (which is associated with divergent plate boundaries) or

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Plate tectonic processes that can create sufficient loads on the lithosphere to induce basin-forming processes include:

450: 2607: 1528: 471: 260:- incipient ocean basins where new oceanic crust is forming, flanked on either side by young rifted continental margins 3894: 3744: 3676: 3512: 3436: 3362: 3183: 2885: 2591: 2164: 2055: 1960: 1496: 1351:

Preliminary catalog of the sedimentary basins of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1111

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Wooler, D. A.; Smith, A. G.; White, N. (July 1992). "Measuring lithospheric stretching on Tethyan passive margins".

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Shematic diagram of a strike-slip tectonic setting with fault bends creating areas of transtension and transpression

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that acts as a linear dam, parallel to the volcanic arc, creating a depression in which sediments can accumulate.

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Cooling of a lithospheric plate, particularly young oceanic crust or recently stretched continental crust, causes

937:. Another expression of lithospheric stretching results in the formation of ocean basins with central ridges. The 4738: 3945: 2798:

Nakakuki, Tomoeki; Mura, Erika (January 2013). "Dynamics of slab rollback and induced back-arc basin formation".

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Garzanti, E. (October 1999). "Stratigraphy and sedimentary history of the Nepal Tethys Himalaya passive margin".

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Steckler, M.S.; Watts, A.B. (September 1978). "Subsidence of the Atlantic-type continental margin off New York".

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A sedimentary basin formed in association with a convergent plate tectonic boundary in the gap between an active

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Olsen, Kenneth H.; Scott Baldridge, W.; Callender, Jonathan F. (November 1987). "Rio Grande rift: An overview".

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Schematic cross-section of a typical convergent plate boundary showing formation of back-arc and forearc basins

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Noda, Atsushi (May 2016). "Forearc basins: Types, geometries, and relationships to subduction zone dynamics".

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Liu, Guanghua; Einsele, G. (March 1994). "Sedimentary history of the Tethyan basin in the Tibetan Himalayas".

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Barnes, R.P.; Andrews, J.R. (1986). "Upper Palaeozoic ophiolite generation and obduction in south Cornwall".

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Todd m. Thornburg, Laverne d. Kulm (1987). "Sedimentation in the Chile Trench: Petrofacies and Provenance".

2938:"Tectonic features of the southern Sumatra-western Java forearc of Indonesia: TECTONICS OF SOUTHERN SUMATRA" 957:) of the junction, and also to a local crumpled zone of seafloor crust acting as a dam against the Red Sea. 4904: 4854: 4748: 1312:

Selley, Richard C.; Sonnenberg, Stephen A. (2015). "Chapter 8 - Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Systems".

363: 1135:. Study involving quantitative modeling of the dynamic geologic processes by which they evolved is called 5228: 5182: 3727:

Burgess, Peter M. (2019). "Phanerozoic Evolution of the Sedimentary Cover of the North American Craton".

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and thrusting of it onto the overriding tectonic plate can contribute to the formation of forearc basins.

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occurs and sometimes is large enough and long-lived enough to create a sedimentary basin often called a

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is in fact an incipient ocean, in a plate tectonic context. The mouth of the Red Sea is also a tectonic

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Most sedimentary basin classification schemes are based on one or more of these interrelated criteria:

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for accumulation of sediments. Over millions or tens or hundreds of millions of years the deposition of

5238: 4408: 1132: 1035: 375: 331: 3950: 446:- which form behind (landward from) an active volcanic arc associated with a convergent plate boundary 5192: 5144: 5027: 3421:

Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Passive Margins, Cratonic Basins and Global Tectonic Maps

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is the primary means of understanding the three-dimensional architecture of the basin's fill through

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meet. This is the only place on the planet where such a triple junction in oceanic crust is exposed

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create massive regional topographic highs that impose loads on the lithosphere and can result in

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Simplified schematic diagrams of common tectonic environments where sedimentary basins are formed

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or strike-slip basin. These basins are often roughly rhombohedral in shape and may be called a

548: 498: 254:- largely subaerial valleys that are rifts in continental crust commonly with bimodal volcanism 112: 388:

are found in the mountain belts of the Alps and Himalayas that formed when the Tethys closed.

4967: 4814: 4776: 4225: 4164: 2608:"Divergent Plate Boundary—Passive Continental Margins - Geology (U.S. National Park Service)" 1850:

Kingston, D.R.; Dishroon, C.P.; Williams, P.A. (1983). "Global Basin Classification System".

1185: 1120: 1066: 728: 705: 670: 522: 2811: 2193: 5197: 4919: 4743: 4503: 4360: 4310: 4104: 3826: 3781: 3701: 3625: 3580: 3541: 3461: 3391: 3299: 3115: 3068: 3031: 2842: 2807: 2770: 2721: 2682: 2638: 2544: 2500: 2447: 2388: 2353: 2310: 2267: 2224: 2189: 2080: 2008: 1890: 1802: 1723: 1660: 1621: 1574: 1547: 1218: 973: 60: 8: 5093: 5088: 4889: 4733: 4355: 4208: 4129: 4036: 684: 614: 600: 541: 425: 3928:. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Shortcourse Note Series #32. p. 247. 3830: 3785: 3705: 3629: 3584: 3545: 3465: 3395: 3303: 3166:

Draut, Amy E.; Clift, Peter D. (30 January 2012). "Basins in ARC-Continent Collisions".

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techniques as well as satellite imagery can be used in the study of sedimentary basins.

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Daly, M. C.; Fuck, R. A.; Julià, J.; Macdonald, D. I. M.; Watts, A. B. (January 2018).

3477: 3428: 3354: 3327: 3133: 3084: 3000: 2959: 2918: 2877: 2783: 2758: 2739: 2651: 2626: 2516: 2473: 2326: 2283: 2240: 2156: 2096: 1906: 1772: 1741: 1678: 1633: 1384: 1321: 1210: 1198: 1031: 1014: 954: 882: 629: 355: 307: 235: 4839: 3288:"The structural evolution of pull-apart basins in response to changes in plate motion" 3018:

Dash, R. K.; Spence, G. D.; Riedel, M.; Hyndman, R. D.; Brocher, T. M. (August 2007).

2583: 2400: 2365: 2047: 188:- the mechanical and thermal forces that cause lithosphere to subside to form a basin. 5098: 4937: 4929: 4869: 4829: 4718: 4295: 4285: 4071: 3890: 3803: 3754: 3740: 3672: 3645: 3602: 3508: 3481: 3432: 3358: 3331: 3266: 3179: 3151:

Underwood, Michael B.; Moore, Gregory F. (1995). "Trenches and Trench-Slope Basins".

3137: 3088: 3044: 3019: 3004: 2963: 2922: 2881: 2743: 2694: 2587: 2520: 2477: 2459: 2330: 2287: 2244: 2201: 2160: 2127: 2100: 2051: 2020: 1956: 1932: 1910: 1776: 1745: 1682: 1612:

Klemme, H.D. (October 1980). "Petroleum Basins-Classifications and Characteristics".

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Late Jurassic and Triassic sedimentary sequence of the Southern Alps (northern Italy)

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The study of sedimentary basins as entities unto themselves is often referred to as

965: 5012: 4914: 4819: 4568: 4418: 4413: 4390: 4330: 4159: 4031: 3865: 3834: 3789: 3732: 3709: 3664: 3633: 3588: 3549: 3500: 3469: 3424: 3399: 3350: 3317: 3307: 3258: 3235: 3208: 3171: 3123: 3076: 3039: 3020:"Upper-crustal structure beneath the Strait of Georgia, Southwest British Columbia" 2990: 2949: 2910: 2873: 2850: 2815: 2778: 2729: 2690: 2646: 2579: 2552: 2508: 2463: 2455: 2419: 2396: 2361: 2318: 2275: 2232: 2197: 2152: 2119: 2088: 2043: 2016: 1981: 1898: 1859: 1810: 1764: 1731: 1668: 1629: 1582: 1484: 1374: 1317: 1264: 1152: 1148: 1083: 751: 581: 108: 68: 40: 32: 3692:

Klein, George deV.; Hsui, Albert T. (December 1987). "Origin of cratonic basins".

5017: 4977: 4972: 4576: 4463: 4458: 4242: 4179: 4149: 4114: 4109: 4076: 4041: 4012: 1413: 1282: 1276: 1136: 1099: 942: 923: 903: 854: 846: 756: 737: 713: 647: 595: 280: 100: 83: 1379: 1366: 5078: 4962: 4942: 4824: 4809: 4696: 4681: 4676: 4636: 4616: 4528: 4370: 4350: 4315: 4247: 4232: 4139: 4061: 4021: 3668: 3175: 2819: 2149:

Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins

1270: 1267: – Large-scale structural geological depression formed by tectonic warping 1233: 1222: 1144: 996: 841: 742: 679: 625: 576: 563: 536: 420: 350: 20: 3960: 3504: 3080: 2995: 2978: 1488: 635: 5222: 5159: 5154: 5139: 5124: 5073: 5068: 4834: 4799: 4753: 4713: 4708: 4468: 4340: 4300: 4046: 4026: 3529: 3473: 2512: 2279: 2236: 1929:

Basin analysis : principles and application to petroleum play assessment

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reconstructing the earth's past plate tectonics (paleotectonics), geography (

1107: 1095: 859: 792: 787: 609: 507: 486: 466: 341: 168: 104: 64: 1712:"Glimpses into Earth's history using a revised global sedimentary basin map" 1649:"Glimpses into Earth's history using a revised global sedimentary basin map" 179:) and different densities, which means they respond differently to isostasy. 122:

Sedimentary basins are of great economic importance. Almost all the world's

5149: 4899: 4884: 4874: 4723: 4654: 4523: 4488: 4403: 4345: 4220: 4119: 4081: 4056: 1768: 1291: – State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle 1248: 1181: 1160: 1156: 1078: 1003: 723: 718: 698:

Trench fill sedimentary basin in the context of a convergent plate boundary

621: 571: 481: 385: 316: 3854:"Structure and evolution of the intracratonic basins of central Australia" 3659:

Allen, Philip A.; Armitage, John J. (30 January 2012). "Cratonic Basins".

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Ross, David A. (1971). "Sediments of the Northern Middle America Trench".

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In Busby, C.J., and Ingersoll, R.V., Eds., Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins

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Miall, Andrew D. (2008). "Chapter 5 The Paleozoic Western Craton Margin".

74: 5058: 4982: 4686: 4649: 4596: 4320: 4305: 4280: 4154: 2954: 2937: 2914: 2734: 2709: 2258:

Bott, M. H. P. (September 1992). "Passive margins and their subsidence".

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north of Los Angeles, which result from convergence along a curve in the

915: 891: 827: 801: 336: 321: 245: 183: 172: 123: 88: 16:

Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments

3569:"Cratonic basin formation: a case study of the Parnaíba Basin of Brazil" 5164: 4844: 4728: 4668: 4626: 4498: 4335: 4203: 4144: 4134: 4051: 3285: 3104:"The birth of a forearc: The basal Great Valley Group, California, USA" 2322: 1955:. Tulsa, Oklahoma: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 1994. 1518: 1252: 832: 656: 410:

Paleozoic sedimentary sequence of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains

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Burke, K.C. (1985). "Rift Basins: Origin, History, and Distribution".

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Edgar A, Mastache-Román; Mario, González-Escobar (17 December 2020).

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Barr, D. (September 1992). "Passive continental margin subsidence".

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Roberts, D.G.; Bally, A.W. (2012). "From rifts to passive margins".

1985: 1814: 4804: 4771: 4448: 4290: 4257: 2894: 1288: 1091: 1057: 1039: 777: 762: 176: 92: 56: 52: 36: 3943:

Preliminary Catalog of the Sedimentary Basins of the United States

3404: 3379: 2759:"On the Relative Importance of the Driving Forces of Plate Motion" 5114: 5063: 4591: 4586: 4548: 4453: 4325: 4262: 2070: 2034:

Frostick, L.E. (1997). "Chapter 9 The east african rift basins".

1251:. Well logging, which is sometimes appropriately called borehole 992: 938: 404:

Tethys sedimentary sequence of the Tethys Himalaya (Tibet, Nepal)

4909: 4781: 4606: 4601: 4553: 4543: 4513: 4438: 4193: 4124: 4096: 3995: 3418: 1343: 1341: 927: 910:

An example of a basin caused by lithospheric stretching is the

241: 1931:(3rd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. 1554:. Special Publications of the Society for Sedimentary Geology. 5007: 4992: 4947: 4691: 4664: 4611: 4478: 4473: 4443: 4428: 4237: 4007: 3991: 3889:(Third, updated and enlarged ed.). Berlin. p. 616. 2436: 1998: 1837:

Facts and Principles of World Petroleum Occurrence — Memoir 6

1316:(3rd ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 377–426. 1477:"Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins, with Revised Nomenclature" 1338: 5037: 5002: 4558: 4518: 4483: 3554:

10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1357:ANAOTT>2.3.CO;2

1565:

Woodcock, Nigel H. (2004). "Life span and fate of basins".

1076:

When the curve in the fault plane moves apart, a region of

1034:. As the plate cools it shrinks and becomes denser through 969:

Schematic illustration of viscoelastic lithospheric flexure

230: 131: 39:

have accumulated to form a large three-dimensional body of

3344: 1826: 1824: 1273: – Land area where water converges to a common outlet 393: 4957: 4398: 3213:

10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[303:SOTNMA]2.0.CO;2

2557:

10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<155:COTSCF>2.0.CO;2

1903:

10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1704:TOSB>2.3.CO;2

3714:

10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<1094:OOCB>2.0.CO;2

1849: 766:

Schematic diagram of the formation of a pull-apart basin

433:

Many authors recognize two subtypes of foreland basins:

3770:"A model for the formation of intracratonic sag basins" 3102:

Orme, Devon A.; Surpless, Kathleen D. (1 August 2019).

3017: 1821: 1759:

Dickinson, W.R. (1974). "Tectonics and Sedimentation".

1006:

as the result of subduction or even the formation of a

3729:

The Sedimentary Basins of the United States and Canada

3566: 2413: 35:

where subsidence has occurred and a thick sequence of

3816: 2983:

International Journal of Earth Science and Geophysics

2900: 2666:

DeCelles, Peter G.; Giles, Katherine A. (June 1996).

1519:

Cathy J. Busby and Raymond V. Ingersoll, ed. (1995).

99:

longer a bathymetric or topographic depression. The

3615: 2378: 1542: 1540: 1307: 1305: 1217:and studied through the specific sub-discipline of 2708:Sdrolias, Maria; Müller, R. Dietmar (April 2006). 1788: 1786: 1412: 1047:age of the underlying crust and depth of the ocean 3323:20.500.11820/9a3b7330-0e21-4142-a35d-4abfdfb10210 3225: 1279: – Closed drainage basin that has no outflow 922:which covers most of Nevada, forming a series of 5220: 3618:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 3573:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 3380:"Geometric characteristics of pull-apart basins" 2490: 2073:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1537: 1523:. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Blackwell Science. 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1311: 1302: 175:have very different mechanical characteristics ( 3990: 3956:Map/database of sedimentary basins of the World 3923: 3527: 1783: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 945:where the Indian Ocean Ridge, Red Sea Rift and 413:Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Grand Canyon 384:For example the passive margins of the ancient 3878: 3150: 2707: 1922: 1920: 1607: 1605: 1126: 1090:. A classic rhombochasm is illustrated by the 208:Widely-recognized Types of Sedimentary Basins 3976: 3658: 3451: 3445: 2868:Condie, Kent C. (2022). "Tectonic settings". 2665: 2416:Geology and Geophysics of Continental Margins 2179: 1593: 1505: 1434: 914:– also an important location for significant 3101: 2976: 2797: 2756: 2146: 1830: 1459: 1443:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy 1395: 1347: 1204: 1167:reserves were formed in sedimentary basins. 47:creates a regional depression that provides 19:For artificial basins to trap sediment, see 3494: 3240:10.1306/212F8AA3-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D 2114:Mann, Paul (2015). "Passive Plate Margin". 1917: 1864:10.1306/AD460936-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D 1602: 1558: 1418:Basin analysis: principles and applications 3983: 3969: 3909:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3253:Gürbüz, Alper (2014). "Pull-Apart Basin". 3165: 3058: 2533: 2300: 1475:Ingersoll, Raymond V. (22 December 2011). 1445:. Columbus: Merrill Pub. Co. p. 265. 1364: 1052: 953:. This is due to a high thermal buoyancy ( 877: 198: 3869: 3793: 3767: 3691: 3592: 3403: 3347:Phanerozoic Regional Geology of the World 3321: 3311: 3127: 3043: 2994: 2953: 2782: 2757:Forsyth, D.; Uyeda, S. (1 October 1975). 2733: 2650: 2467: 1876: 1792: 1758: 1735: 1672: 1546: 1474: 1378: 1192: 869: 167:are quite different from those formed on 3887:Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis 3528:May, S; Ehman, K; Crowell, J.C. (1993). 2624: 2343: 2033: 1564: 1169: 1056: 991:formation of new mountain belts through 964: 881: 761: 634: 562: 392: 73: 4582:International scale of river difficulty 3926:Quantitative Sedimentary Basin Modeling 3924:Angevine, C.L.; Heller, P.L; Paola, C. 3851: 3726: 1709: 1646: 1420:(2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell. 1348:Coleman, J.L. Jr.; Cahan, S.M. (2012). 1285: – Movement of Earth's lithosphere 960: 886:Illustration of lithospheric stretching 454:Peripheral vs. Retroarc foreland basins 268:Typical rift formation in cross-section 248:. Some authors recognize two subtypes: 135:basin was actively receiving sediment. 5221: 3534:Geological Society of America Bulletin 3377: 3252: 3201:Geological Society of America Bulletin 2867: 2835:Geological Society of America Bulletin 2710:"Controls on back-arc basin formation" 2537:Geological Society of America Bulletin 1611: 1094:rift, where northward movement of the 918:reserves. Another such feature is the 397:Global distribution of passive margins 3964: 3884: 2870:Earth as an Evolving Planetary System 2569: 1975: 1926: 1710:Evenick, Jonathan C. (1 April 2021). 1440: 1025: 650:(aka Bengkulu-Mantawai forearc basin) 3228:SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research 3198: 2903:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2832: 2714:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2257: 2214: 2113: 813:Cratonic basin (Intracratonic basin) 771:rhombic, S-like or Z-like in shape. 379:Typical passive margin cross-section 225:Ancient (no longer active) Examples 31:are region-scale depressions of the 2800:Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2182:Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1647:Evenick, Jonathan C. (April 2021). 13: 3871:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1983.tb01907.x 3795:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb02049.x 3768:Middleton, M. F. (December 1989). 3737:10.1016/B978-0-444-63895-3.00002-4 3429:10.1016/B978-0-444-56357-6.00016-0 3355:10.1016/B978-0-444-53042-4.00025-X 3255:Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences 2878:10.1016/B978-0-12-819914-5.00002-0 2784:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1975.tb00631.x 2652:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1981.tb02715.x 2157:10.1016/B978-0-444-56356-9.00001-8 2116:Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences 1795:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1634:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1980.tb00982.x 1322:10.1016/B978-0-12-386031-6.00008-4 693: 552: 472:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 449: 374: 263: 14: 5250: 3936: 3858:Geophysical Journal International 3774:Geophysical Journal International 3497:Modern and Ancient Lake Sediments 3454:Journal of the Geological Society 3024:Geophysical Journal International 2763:Geophysical Journal International 2631:Geophysical Journal International 2493:Journal of the Geological Society 2260:Journal of the Geological Society 2217:Journal of the Geological Society 1879:"Tectonics of sedimentary basins" 1831:Bally, A.W.; Snelson, S. (1980). 1697:"Sedimentary Basins of the World" 1371:ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences 1365:Abdullayev, N.R. (30 June 2020). 1102:has created a strike slip basin. 216:Associated Type of Plate Boundary 142: 3852:Lambeck, Kurt (September 1983). 3045:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03455.x 2695:10.1046/j.1365-2117.1996.01491.x 2460:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00384.x 710:Western edge of Vancouver Island 4739:Flooded grasslands and savannas 3946:United States Geological Survey 3917: 3845: 3839:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.010 3810: 3761: 3720: 3685: 3661:Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins 3652: 3609: 3560: 3521: 3488: 3412: 3371: 3338: 3279: 3263:10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_116-1 3246: 3219: 3192: 3168:Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins 3159: 3144: 3095: 3052: 3011: 2970: 2929: 2861: 2826: 2791: 2750: 2701: 2659: 2618: 2600: 2572:Sedimentary Basins of the World 2563: 2527: 2484: 2430: 2407: 2381:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2372: 2346:Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2337: 2294: 2251: 2208: 2173: 2140: 2124:10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_100-2 2107: 2064: 2036:Sedimentary Basins of the World 2027: 1992: 1969: 1945: 1870: 1843: 1752: 1737:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103564 1703: 1689: 1674:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103564 1640: 1521:Tectonics of sedimentary basins 1481:Tectonics of Sedimentary Basins 1105:The opposite effect is that of 1978:Offshore Technology Conference 1877:Ingersoll, Raymond V. (1988). 1358: 1: 2584:10.1016/S1874-5997(08)00005-1 2401:10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00013-0 2366:10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00017-6 2048:10.1016/S1874-5997(97)80012-3 1314:Elements of petroleum geology 1295: 4905:Universal Soil Loss Equation 4855:Hydrological transport model 4749:Storm Water Management Model 3951:Global sedimentary basin map 2202:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90036-5 2021:10.1016/0040-1951(87)90083-7 1614:Journal of Petroleum Geology 364:non-volcanic passive margins 192:Petroleum/economic potential 7: 3378:Gürbüz, Alper (June 2010). 2625:Beaumont, C. (1 May 1981). 1552:Tectonics and Sedimentation 1380:10.33677/ggianas20200100040 1258: 1127:Study of sedimentary basins 59:and begin the processes of 43:. They form when long-term 10: 5255: 4409:Antecedent drainage stream 3669:10.1002/9781444347166.ch30 3176:10.1002/9781444347166.ch17 2820:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.031 1133:sedimentary basin analysis 461:Peripheral foreland basins 438:Peripheral foreland basins 332:West Antarctic Rift System 297:Proto-oceanic rift troughs 258:Proto-oceanic rift troughs 161:Nature of underlying crust 18: 5173: 5145:River valley civilization 5107: 5046: 5028:Riparian-zone restoration 4928: 4790: 4762: 4663: 4635: 4567: 4389: 4256: 4173: 4095: 4006: 3885:Miall, Andrew D. (2000). 3505:10.1002/9781444303698.ch9 3081:10.1007/s00367-003-0166-6 1489:10.1002/9781444347166.ch1 1205:Subsurface geologic study 219:Description and Formation 67:that transform them into 5208:Countries without rivers 5183:Rivers by discharge rate 4895:Runoff model (reservoir) 4860:Infiltration (hydrology) 3474:10.1144/gsjgs.143.1.0117 2668:"Foreland basin systems" 2513:10.1144/gsjgs.149.4.0517 2280:10.1144/gsjgs.149.5.0805 2237:10.1144/gsjgs.149.5.0803 1416:; John R. Allen (2008). 1215:seismic data acquisition 1113:San Bernardino Mountains 935:failure of the rift zone 920:Basin and Range Province 513:Alaska North Slope basin 493:Retroarc foreland basins 477:Himalayan foreland basin 444:Retroarc foreland basins 370:volcanic passive margins 327:Midcontinent Rift System 275:Terrestrial rift valleys 252:Terrestrial Rift Valleys 4880:River Continuum Concept 4645:Agricultural wastewater 2996:10.35840/2631-5033/1841 2812:2013E&PSL.361..287N 2194:1978E&PSL..41....1S 1441:Boggs, Sam Jr. (1987). 1053:Strike-slip deformation 878:Lithospheric stretching 549:oceanic trench rollback 518:Western Interior Seaway 222:Modern, Active Examples 199:Widely-recognized types 5203:River name etymologies 5130:Hydraulic civilization 4988:Floodplain restoration 4764:Point source pollution 4539:Sedimentary structures 1833:"Realms of Subsidence" 1769:10.2110/pec.74.22.0001 1193:Surface geologic study 1184:and in recent decades 1176: 1062: 1008:hotspot volcanic chain 970: 887: 870:Mechanics of formation 767: 699: 641: 567: 558: 499:Andean foreland basins 455: 398: 380: 269: 213:Sedimentary Basin Type 155:Plate tectonic setting 113:preservation potential 79: 4815:Discharge (hydrology) 4777:Industrial wastewater 4258:Sedimentary processes 3819:Earth-Science Reviews 2303:Geologische Rundschau 1927:Allen, P. A. (2013). 1716:Earth-Science Reviews 1653:Earth-Science Reviews 1548:Dickinson, William R. 1186:sequence stratigraphy 1173: 1121:Northridge earthquake 1060: 968: 885: 765: 706:Middle America Trench 697: 671:Great Valley Sequence 638: 566: 556: 523:Windermere Supergroup 453: 396: 378: 267: 77: 4920:Volumetric flow rate 4504:Riffle-pool sequence 2955:10.1029/2001TC901048 2915:10.1002/2017GC006810 2735:10.1029/2005GC001090 1953:Interior rift basins 1219:seismic stratigraphy 1067:strike-slip tectonic 974:Lithospheric flexure 961:Lithospheric flexure 855:Uinta Mountain Group 171:as the two types of 5094:Whitewater kayaking 5089:Whitewater canoeing 4890:Runoff curve number 4734:Flood pulse concept 3831:2013ESRv..125....1P 3786:1989GeoJI..99..665M 3706:1987Geo....15.1094D 3630:2018GSLSP.472...45W 3585:2018GSLSP.472....1D 3546:1993GSAB..105.1357M 3466:1986JGSoc.143..117B 3396:2010Lsphe...2..199G 3304:2021BasR...33.1603F 3120:2019Geo....47..757O 3073:2004GML....24...86B 3036:2007GeoJI.170..800D 2847:2016GSAB..128..879N 2775:1975GeoJ...43..163F 2726:2006GGG.....7.4016S 2720:(4): 2005GC001090. 2687:1996BasR....8..105D 2643:1981GeoJ...65..291B 2549:1984GSAB...95..155B 2505:1992JGSoc.149..517W 2452:2009BasR...21..335B 2393:1998JAESc..16..173J 2358:1999JAESc..17..805G 2315:1994GeoRu..83...32L 2272:1992JGSoc.149..805B 2229:1992JGSoc.149..803B 2085:2013GSLSP.369..301W 2013:1987Tectp.143..119O 1895:1988GSAB..100.1704I 1807:1976CaJES..13.1268D 1728:2021ESRv..21503564E 1665:2021ESRv..21503564E 1626:1980JPetG...3..187K 1579:2004Geo....32..685W 1036:thermal contraction 624:and the associated 601:Rhenohercynian Zone 209: 163:- basins formed on 49:accommodation space 5229:Sedimentary basins 5120:Aquatic toxicology 5033:Stream restoration 4998:Infiltration basin 4850:Hydrological model 4366:Sediment transport 4189:Estavelle/Inversac 4067:Subterranean river 3061:Geo-Marine Letters 2323:10.1007/BF00211893 1211:seismic reflection 1199:aerial photography 1177: 1071:principal stresses 1063: 1032:thermal subsidence 1026:Thermal subsidence 1015:accretionary wedge 971: 955:thermal subsidence 888: 768: 700: 642: 630:accretionary wedge 568: 559: 456: 399: 381: 308:Gulf of California 270: 207: 186:of basin formation 80: 29:Sedimentary basins 5239:Structural basins 5216: 5215: 5193:Whitewater rivers 5099:Whitewater slalom 4930:River engineering 4830:Groundwater model 4791:River measurement 4719:Flood forecasting 4534:Sedimentary basin 4391:Fluvial landforms 4296:Bed material load 4072:River bifurcation 3700:(12): 1094–1098. 3540:(10): 1357–1372. 3313:10.1111/bre.12528 3272:978-94-007-6644-0 2948:(5): 11–1–11–15. 2627:"Foreland basins" 2424:10.1306/M53552C13 2133:978-94-007-6644-0 1938:978-0-470-67377-5 1889:(11): 1704–1719. 1858:(12): 2175–2193. 1427:978-0-6320-5207-3 1331:978-0-12-386031-6 1242:micropaleontology 1213:acquired through 1161:paleobiogeography 1117:San Andreas Fault 980:flexural rigidity 947:East African Rift 907:when stretched.) 867: 866: 783:Los Angeles Basin 729:Peru–Chile Trench 662:Strait of Georgia 528:Appalachian Basin 303:Gulf of Suez Rift 291:East African Rift 286:Upper Rhine Plain 165:continental crust 5246: 5178:Rivers by length 5013:River morphology 4915:Wetted perimeter 4820:Drainage density 4331:Headward erosion 4160:Perennial stream 4032:Blackwater river 3985: 3978: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3930: 3929: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3908: 3900: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3797: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3596: 3594:10.1144/SP472.20 3564: 3558: 3557: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3325: 3315: 3298:(2): 1603–1625. 3283: 3277: 3276: 3257:. pp. 1–8. 3250: 3244: 3243: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3131: 3129:10.1130/G46283.1 3099: 3093: 3092: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2998: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2957: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2909:(6): 2388–2410. 2898: 2892: 2891: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2855:10.1130/B31345.1 2841:(5–6): 879–895. 2830: 2824: 2823: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2737: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2488: 2482: 2481: 2471: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2411: 2405: 2404: 2387:(2–3): 173–194. 2376: 2370: 2369: 2352:(5–6): 805–827. 2341: 2335: 2334: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2118:. pp. 1–8. 2111: 2105: 2104: 2093:10.1144/SP369.13 2068: 2062: 2061: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2007:(1–3): 119–139. 1996: 1990: 1989: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1924: 1915: 1914: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1828: 1819: 1818: 1801:(9): 1268–1287. 1790: 1781: 1780: 1761:Semantic Scholar 1756: 1750: 1749: 1739: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1699:. Robertson CGG. 1693: 1687: 1686: 1676: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1609: 1600: 1599:Boggs 1987, p.16 1597: 1591: 1590: 1587:10.1130/G20598.1 1562: 1556: 1555: 1544: 1535: 1534: 1516: 1503: 1502: 1472: 1457: 1456: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1414:Allen, Philip A. 1410: 1393: 1392: 1382: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1345: 1336: 1335: 1309: 1265:Structural basin 1153:paleoceanography 1149:paleoclimatology 1098:relative to the 1084:pull-apart basin 851:Hudson Bay Basin 802:Gramscatho Basin 752:Pull-apart basin 582:North Fiji Basin 210: 206: 109:Magallanes Basin 69:sedimentary rock 41:sedimentary rock 5254: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5188:Drainage basins 5169: 5103: 5042: 5018:Retention basin 4978:Erosion control 4973:Detention basin 4924: 4840:Hjulström curve 4792: 4786: 4758: 4702:Non-water flood 4659: 4631: 4577:Helicoidal flow 4563: 4464:Fluvial terrace 4459:Floating island 4385: 4260: 4252: 4243:Rhythmic spring 4177: 4169: 4150:Stream gradient 4091: 4077:River ecosystem 4042:Channel pattern 4010: 4002: 3989: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3922: 3918: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3883: 3879: 3850: 3846: 3815: 3811: 3766: 3762: 3747: 3725: 3721: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3657: 3653: 3638:10.1144/SP472.6 3614: 3610: 3565: 3561: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3493: 3489: 3450: 3446: 3439: 3417: 3413: 3376: 3372: 3365: 3343: 3339: 3284: 3280: 3273: 3251: 3247: 3224: 3220: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3164: 3160: 3149: 3145: 3100: 3096: 3057: 3053: 3016: 3012: 2975: 2971: 2934: 2930: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2866: 2862: 2831: 2827: 2796: 2792: 2755: 2751: 2706: 2702: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2623: 2619: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2568: 2564: 2532: 2528: 2489: 2485: 2435: 2431: 2412: 2408: 2377: 2373: 2342: 2338: 2299: 2295: 2256: 2252: 2213: 2209: 2178: 2174: 2167: 2145: 2141: 2134: 2112: 2108: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2032: 2028: 1997: 1993: 1986:10.4043/4844-MS 1974: 1970: 1963: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1925: 1918: 1875: 1871: 1848: 1844: 1829: 1822: 1815:10.1139/e76-129 1791: 1784: 1757: 1753: 1708: 1704: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1645: 1641: 1610: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1563: 1559: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1517: 1506: 1499: 1473: 1460: 1453: 1439: 1435: 1428: 1411: 1396: 1363: 1359: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1310: 1303: 1298: 1283:Plate tectonics 1277:Endorheic basin 1261: 1207: 1195: 1137:basin modelling 1129: 1100:Anatolian Plate 1055: 1028: 997:foreland basins 963: 943:triple junction 880: 872: 847:Williston Basin 738:Farallon Trench 714:Aleutian Trench 653:Magdalena Shelf 648:Mentawai Strait 596:Pannonian Basin 281:Rio Grande Rift 201: 145: 130:and all of its 101:Williston Basin 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5252: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5079:Stone skipping 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4963:Drop structure 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4943:Balancing lake 4940: 4934: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4870:Playfair's law 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4825:Exner equation 4822: 4817: 4812: 4810:Bradshaw model 4807: 4802: 4796: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4697:Urban flooding 4689: 4684: 4682:Crevasse splay 4679: 4677:100-year flood 4673: 4671: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4641: 4639: 4637:Surface runoff 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4617:Stream capture 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4529:Rock-cut basin 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4395: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4371:Suspended load 4368: 4363: 4361:Secondary flow 4358: 4353: 4351:Retrogradation 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4316:Dissolved load 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4267: 4265: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4248:Spring horizon 4245: 4240: 4235: 4233:Mineral spring 4230: 4229: 4228: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4214:list in the US 4211: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4185: 4183: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4140:Stream channel 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4101: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4062:Drainage basin 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4022:Alluvial river 4018: 4016: 4004: 4003: 3988: 3987: 3980: 3973: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3938: 3937:External links 3935: 3932: 3931: 3916: 3895: 3877: 3864:(3): 843–886. 3844: 3809: 3780:(3): 665–676. 3760: 3745: 3719: 3684: 3677: 3651: 3608: 3559: 3520: 3513: 3487: 3460:(1): 117–124. 3444: 3437: 3411: 3390:(3): 199–206. 3370: 3363: 3337: 3292:Basin Research 3278: 3271: 3245: 3218: 3191: 3184: 3158: 3143: 3114:(8): 757–761. 3094: 3051: 3030:(2): 800–812. 3010: 2969: 2928: 2893: 2886: 2860: 2825: 2790: 2769:(1): 163–200. 2749: 2700: 2681:(2): 105–123. 2675:Basin Research 2658: 2637:(2): 291–329. 2617: 2599: 2592: 2562: 2543:(2): 155–173. 2526: 2499:(4): 517–532. 2483: 2446:(3): 335–353. 2440:Basin Research 2429: 2406: 2371: 2336: 2293: 2266:(5): 805–812. 2250: 2223:(5): 803–804. 2207: 2172: 2165: 2139: 2132: 2106: 2079:(1): 301–321. 2063: 2056: 2026: 2001:Tectonophysics 1991: 1968: 1961: 1944: 1937: 1916: 1869: 1842: 1820: 1782: 1751: 1702: 1688: 1639: 1620:(2): 187–207. 1601: 1592: 1557: 1536: 1530:978-0865422452 1529: 1504: 1497: 1458: 1451: 1433: 1426: 1394: 1357: 1337: 1330: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1271:Drainage basin 1268: 1260: 1257: 1240:they contain ( 1234:drill cuttings 1223:remote sensing 1206: 1203: 1194: 1191: 1145:paleogeography 1128: 1125: 1054: 1051: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1011: 1000: 962: 959: 879: 876: 871: 868: 865: 864: 863: 862: 857: 852: 849: 844: 842:Michigan Basin 837: 836: 835: 830: 823: 817: 814: 810: 809: 808: 807: 804: 797: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 773: 759: 754: 748: 747: 746: 745: 743:Tethyan Trench 740: 733: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 708: 701: 687: 682: 680:Oceanic trench 676: 675: 674: 673: 666: 665: 664: 659: 654: 651: 643: 617: 612: 606: 605: 604: 603: 598: 591: 590: 589: 584: 579: 577:Tyrrhenian Sea 574: 560: 544: 539: 537:Back-arc basin 533: 532: 531: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 503: 502: 501: 490: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 457: 448: 447: 441: 428: 423: 421:Foreland Basin 417: 416: 415: 414: 411: 408: 405: 400: 390: 358: 353: 351:Passive margin 347: 346: 345: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 312: 311: 310: 305: 294: 293: 288: 283: 271: 262: 261: 255: 238: 233: 227: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 200: 197: 196: 195: 189: 180: 158: 144: 143:Classification 141: 84:plate tectonic 21:Sediment basin 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5251: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5234:Sedimentology 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5160:Surface water 5158: 5156: 5155:Sacred waters 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5140:Riparian zone 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5125:Body of water 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5074:Riverboarding 5072: 5070: 5069:River surfing 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793:and modelling 4789: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4755: 4754:Return period 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714:Flood control 4712: 4710: 4709:Flood barrier 4707: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341:Palaeochannel 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4301:Granular flow 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047:Channel types 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4027:Braided river 4025: 4023: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3981: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3967: 3966: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3927: 3920: 3912: 3906: 3898: 3896:9783662039991 3892: 3888: 3881: 3872: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3746:9780444638953 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3678:9781444347166 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3516: 3514:9780632002344 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3440: 3438:9780444563576 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3406: 3405:10.1130/L36.1 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3366: 3364:9780444530424 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3185:9781444347166 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2965: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2889: 2887:9780128199145 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2662: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2621: 2613: 2609: 2603: 2595: 2593:9780444504258 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2433: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2176: 2168: 2166:9780444563569 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2067: 2059: 2057:9780444825711 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1964: 1962:9780891813392 1958: 1954: 1948: 1940: 1934: 1930: 1923: 1921: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852:AAPG Bulletin 1846: 1838: 1834: 1827: 1825: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1787: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1755: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1706: 1698: 1692: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1608: 1606: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1561: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1541: 1532: 1526: 1522: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1500: 1498:9781444347166 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1454: 1448: 1444: 1437: 1429: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1361: 1354:. p. 27. 1353: 1352: 1344: 1342: 1333: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1202: 1200: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1155:), habitats ( 1154: 1150: 1146: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1108:transpression 1103: 1101: 1097: 1096:Arabian Plate 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1059: 1050: 1048: 1043: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1023: 1016: 1013:growth of an 1012: 1009: 1005: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 989: 988: 985: 982: 981: 975: 967: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 905: 901: 897: 893: 884: 875: 861: 860:Amadeus Basin 858: 856: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 838: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 824: 822: 818: 815: 812: 811: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 794: 793:Salton Trough 791: 789: 788:Cayman Trough 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 772: 764: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 744: 741: 739: 736: 735: 734: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 702: 696: 692: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 677: 672: 669: 668: 667: 663: 660: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 645: 644: 637: 633: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 613: 611: 610:Forearc basin 608: 607: 602: 599: 597: 594: 593: 592: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 569: 565: 561: 555: 550: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 508:Junggar Basin 506: 505: 504: 500: 497: 496: 495: 494: 488: 487:Junggar Basin 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 467:Molasse basin 465: 464: 463: 462: 458: 452: 445: 442: 439: 436: 435: 434: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 418: 412: 409: 406: 403: 402: 401: 395: 391: 389: 387: 377: 372: 371: 366: 365: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 348: 343: 342:Reelfoot Rift 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 314: 313: 309: 306: 304: 301: 300: 299: 298: 292: 289: 287: 284: 282: 279: 278: 277: 276: 272: 266: 259: 256: 253: 250: 249: 247: 243: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 224: 221: 218: 215: 212: 211: 205: 193: 190: 187: 185: 181: 178: 174: 170: 169:oceanic crust 166: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 151: 148: 140: 136: 133: 129: 125: 120: 118: 114: 110: 106: 105:Molasse basin 102: 96: 94: 90: 85: 76: 72: 70: 66: 65:lithification 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 33:Earth's crust 30: 26: 22: 5198:Flash floods 5150:River cruise 5047:River sports 4900:Stream gauge 4885:Rouse number 4875:Relief ratio 4724:Flood-meadow 4655:Urban runoff 4569:Fluvial flow 4554:River valley 4533: 4524:River island 4489:Meander scar 4404:Alluvial fan 4346:Progradation 4221:Karst spring 4165:Winterbourne 4120:Chalk stream 4082:River source 4057:Distributary 3925: 3919: 3886: 3880: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3728: 3722: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3660: 3654: 3624:(1): 45–66. 3621: 3617: 3611: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3496: 3490: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3420: 3414: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3346: 3340: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3254: 3248: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3067:(2): 86–96. 3064: 3060: 3054: 3027: 3023: 3013: 2986: 2982: 2972: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2869: 2863: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2678: 2674: 2661: 2634: 2630: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2540: 2536: 2529: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2443: 2439: 2432: 2415: 2409: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2309:(1): 32–61. 2306: 2302: 2296: 2263: 2259: 2253: 2220: 2216: 2210: 2185: 2181: 2175: 2148: 2142: 2115: 2109: 2076: 2072: 2066: 2039: 2035: 2029: 2004: 2000: 1994: 1977: 1971: 1952: 1947: 1928: 1886: 1883:GSA Bulletin 1882: 1872: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1836: 1798: 1794: 1760: 1754: 1719: 1715: 1705: 1691: 1656: 1652: 1642: 1617: 1613: 1595: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1551: 1520: 1480: 1442: 1436: 1417: 1370: 1360: 1350: 1313: 1249:well logging 1246: 1238:microfossils 1230:core samples 1227: 1208: 1196: 1182:stratigraphy 1178: 1157:paleoecology 1141: 1130: 1119:system. The 1106: 1104: 1087: 1079:transtension 1077: 1075: 1064: 1044: 1029: 1020: 1004:volcanic arc 1002:growth of a 986: 978: 972: 932: 930:structures. 909: 899: 895: 889: 873: 819: 769: 724:Sunda Trench 719:Japan Trench 689: 622:volcanic arc 619: 572:Sea of Japan 492: 491: 482:Persian Gulf 460: 459: 443: 437: 432: 386:Tethys Ocean 382: 368: 362: 317:Newark Basin 296: 295: 274: 273: 257: 251: 246:half-grabens 202: 191: 182: 160: 154: 149: 146: 137: 121: 97: 81: 28: 27: 25: 5059:Fly fishing 4983:Fish ladder 4968:Daylighting 4687:Flash flood 4650:First flush 4597:Plunge pool 4321:Downcutting 4306:Debris flow 4281:Aggradation 4155:Stream pool 3663:: 602–620. 3579:(1): 1–15. 3499:: 169–187. 3423:: 616–633. 3384:Lithosphere 3349:: 700–730. 3170:: 347–368. 2806:: 287–297. 2612:www.nps.gov 2578:: 181–209. 2188:(1): 1–13. 2042:: 187–209. 1165:fossil fuel 1151:), oceans ( 1147:, climate ( 1088:rhombochasm 1022:inception. 951:subaerially 916:hydrocarbon 900:trench-pull 892:lithosphere 828:Barents Sea 806:Ridge Basin 337:Oslo Graben 322:Fundy Basin 184:Geodynamics 173:lithosphere 124:natural gas 89:lithosphere 5223:Categories 5165:Wild river 4845:Hydrograph 4835:Hack's law 4800:Baer's law 4744:Inundation 4729:Floodplain 4669:stormwater 4627:Whitewater 4499:Oxbow lake 4336:Knickpoint 4311:Deposition 4204:Hot spring 4145:Streamflow 4135:Stream bed 4052:Confluence 3207:(2): 303. 3155:: 179–219. 2469:2434/48580 1722:: 103564. 1659:: 103564. 1573:(8): 685. 1452:0675204879 1296:References 1253:geophysics 896:ridge-push 833:Chad Basin 685:Convergent 657:Nias Basin 615:Convergent 542:Convergent 426:Convergent 231:Rift basin 117:subduction 61:compaction 45:subsidence 5135:Limnology 5084:Triathlon 5054:Canyoning 5023:Revetment 4953:Check dam 4865:Main stem 4622:Waterfall 4509:Point bar 4494:Mouth bar 4434:Billabong 4381:Water gap 4376:Wash load 4356:Saltation 4276:Anabranch 4199:Holy well 4087:Tributary 3905:cite book 3804:129787753 3755:149587414 3731:: 39–75. 3646:135436543 3603:134985002 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