465:, who was Lessing's colleague at the University of Berlin in 1930. Lewin emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1933, and though focused on Jews also argued for a similar phenomenon among Polish, Italian and Greek immigrants to the United States. Lewin's was a theoretical account, declaring that the issue "is well known among Jews themselves" and supporting his argument with anecdotes. According to Lewin, a self-hating Jew "will dislike everything specifically Jewish, for he will see in it that which keeps him away from the majority for which he is longing. He will show dislike for those Jews who are outspokenly so, and will frequently indulge in self-hatred." Following Lewin's lead, the concept gained widespread currency. "The 1940s and 1950s were 'the age of self-hatred'. In effect, a bitter war broke out over questions of Jewish identity. It was a kind of 'Jewish Cold War'..." in which questions of Jewish identity were contentiously debated. The use of the concept in debates over Jewish identity – for example over resistance to the integration of African Americans into Jewish neighbourhoods – died down by the end of the 1970s, having been "steadily emptied of most of its earlier psychological, social, and theoretical content and became largely a slogan."
609:(Jerusalem) in a number of contexts, often synonymously with antisemitic Jew. It is used "to criticize a performer or artist who portrays Jews negatively; as a shorthand description of supposed psychological conflict in fictional characters; in articles about the erosion of tradition (e.g. marrying out and circumcision); and to discount Jews who criticize Israeli policies or particular Jewish practices." However the widest usage of the term is currently in relation to debates over Israel. "In these debates the accusation is used by right-wing Zionists to assert that Zionism and/or support for Israel is a core element of Jewish identity. Jewish criticism of Israeli policy is therefore considered a turning away from Jewish identity itself."
594:
writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who consistently employed virulent antisemitic rhetoric without seeming to value any aspects of being a Jew, too often "those who accuse others of being self-haters search for examples of when they have criticized Jews or
Judaism but ignore examples of when those they criticize have shown they value being a Jew." He argues that Jewish antisemitism does not necessarily amount to self-hatred, implying that "antisemitic Jew" may be a more accurate term to use. Other authors have also shown a preference for using "antisemitism" rather than "self-hatred."
788:. The other was me. So, we have to be treated for our psychiatric disorders, and non-Jews have to be condemned for anti-Semitism, if they're critical of the state of Israel. That's understandable why Israeli propaganda would take this position. I don't particularly blame Abba Eban for doing what ambassadors are sometimes supposed to do. But we ought to understand that there is no sensible charge. No sensible charge. There's nothing to respond to. It's not a form of anti-Semitism. It's simply criticism of the criminal actions of a state, period.
590:. Accounts of Jewish self-hatred often suggest that criticizing other Jews, and integrating with Gentile society, reveals hatred of one's own Jewish origins. Yet both in the early twentieth century, where the concept developed, and today, there are groups of Jews who had "important differences in identity based on class, culture, religious outlook, and education", and hostility between these groups can only be considered self-hate "if one assumes that a superordinate Jewish identity should take precedence over other groupings of Jews."
496:, "willingness to give moral and financial 'support' to Israel constituted what one historian called 'the existential definition of American Jewishness'." "This meant that the opposite was also true: criticism of Israel came to constitute the existential definition of 'Jewish self-hatred'." This is dismissed by Rosenfeld saying it "masquerades as victimization" and "can hardly be expected to be taken seriously" since criticism of Israel "proceeds across all the media in this country and within Israel itself."
784:, Israel's ambassador to the United Nations.... He advised the American Jewish community that they had two tasks to perform. One task was to show that criticism of the policy, what he called anti-Zionism—that means actually criticisms of the policy of the state of Israel—were anti-Semitism. That's the first task. Second task, if the criticism was made by Jews, their task was to show that it's neurotic self-hatred, needs psychiatric treatment. Then he gave two examples of the latter category. One was
723:, rejects the legitimacy of the term as it is commonly used, calling them so divisive that they make tolerance and cooperation impossible, eradicating the possibility for genuine understanding. Forer writes: "The notion that any Jew who is dedicated to justice for all people harbors self-hatred defies common sense. Given the self-esteem it takes to stand for justice amidst fierce denunciation, a more accurate assessment is that these are self-loving Jews."
1575:, 21 February 2010: "My ethical duty is to say the things that I know and feel. I'm an artist. Do you know.. this is something I learned from Otto Weininger, the Austrian philosopher. He was a clever boy, killed himself when he was 21. ..He was definitely a proud self-hating Jew! I'm not a self-hating Jew: I'm a proud self-hating Jew! It's a big difference… I celebrate my hatred towards everything I represent – or better to say I'm associated with".
411:'s polemical use of the term "anti-Semite of Jewish origin", in the context of his project of political Zionism. The underlying concept gained common currency in this context, "since Zionism was an important part of the vigorous debates that were occurring amongst Jews at the time about anti-Semitism, assimilation and Jewish identity." Herzl appears to have introduced the phrase "anti-Semite of Jewish origin" in his 1896 book,
703:–and implying that the Judaism of the accused is flawed or incorrect, based on a metric of the accuser's own stances, religious beliefs, or political opinions. By arguing with the label, then, the accused is rejecting what has been defined as normative Judaism. The term 'self-hating' thus places the person or object labeled outside the boundaries of the discourse–and outside the boundaries of the community."
376:, during 19th-century German-Jewish assimilation, conflicting pressures on sensitive and privileged or gifted young Jews produced "a reaction later known as 'Jewish self-hatred.' Its roots were not simply professional or political but emotional." Elon uses the term "Jewish self-hatred" synonymously with Jewish antisemitism when he points out, "One of the most prominent Austrian anti-Semites was
639:
else they associate with
Jewishness. Atzmon has taken several positions on history and politics associated with anti-Semitism including but not limited to, endorsing on his blog the conspiracy theory that "the Jewish people" are trying to take over the world (though he later amended the original blog post to replace "the Jewish people" with "Zionists"),
425:. "Assimilationists and anti-Zionists accused Zionists of being self-haters, for promoting the idea of the strong Jew using rhetoric close to that of the Anti-Semites; Zionists accused their opponents of being self-haters, for promoting the image of the Jew that would perpetuate his inferior position in the modern world."
559:, a professor of psychology and women's studies, in referring to female Jewish self-hatred, points to progressive Jewish women who "seem obsessed with the Palestinian point of view." She believes their rage against oppression, frustration and patriarchy "is being unconsciously transferred onto Israel."
593:
Yet such hostility between groups has at times drawn on some of the rhetoric of antisemitism: "criticism of subgroups of Jews which drew on anti-Semitic rhetoric were common in 19th and 20th century arguments over Jewish identity". In practice, according to one academic, whilst there have been Jewish
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reported that the group was formed by "about 130 generally leftist Jews." It was the
Rosenfeld essay, which did not use the term Jewish self-hatred, that led to the 2007 debate. Critics claimed the charge of antisemitism implied Jewish self-hatred to those criticizing Israel. Rosenfeld responded that
403:
Jew became the "bad Jew". According to Sander Gilman, the concept of the "self-hating Jew" developed from a merger of the image of the "mad Jew" and the "self-critical Jew", and was developed to counter suggestions that an alleged Jewish stereotype of mental illness was due to inbreeding. "Within the
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as one as well. At the same time, Atzmon stated that he considers a "self-hating Jew" as very different to a "proud self-hating Jew", considering "proud self-hating Jews" such as himself and
Weininger as celebrating the hatred they feel for themselves, the Jewish people, Judaism, Israel and anything
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Thus some of those who have been accused of being a "self-hating Jew" have characterized the term as a replacement for "a charge of anti-Semitism will not stick," or as "pathologizing" them. Some who use the term have equated it with "anti-Semitism", on the part of those thus addressed, or with "so
543:. Such studies "frequently cite Lewin as evidence that people may attempt to distance themselves from membership in devalued groups because they accept, to some degree, the negative evaluations of their group held by the majority and because these social identities are an obstacle to the pursuit of
420:
He was referring to "philanthropic
Zionists", assimilated Jews who might wish to remain in their home countries while at the same time encouraging the Jewish proletariat (particularly the poorer Eastern Jews) to emigrate; yet did not support Herzl's political project for a Jewish state. Ironically,
517:
takes "a hard look at Jewish authors" whose statements go well beyond "legitimate criticism of Israel," and considers rhetoric that calls into question Israel's "right to continued existence" to be antisemitic. The use of the concept of self-hatred in Jewish debates about Israel has grown more
404:
logic of the concept, those who accuse others of being self-hating Jews may themselves be self-hating Jews." Gilman says "the ubiquitousness of self-hatred cannot be denied. And it has shaped the self-awareness of those treated as different perhaps more than they themselves have been aware."
263:
prefers the term "Jewish anti-Semitism," which he says was often termed "Jewish self-hatred". He asks, "Could a Jew be an anti-Semite?", and responds that many Jews have "internalized elements of anti-Semitic discourse, succumbed to what
Theodore Hamerow has called psychological surrender."
578:, the social scientist, "feelings about Jewish marginality are often a step away from self-hatred." He then says, "Jewish self-hatred denotes that a person has adopted gentiles' definition of Jew as bad in one way or another and that being Jewish will hinder their success or identity."
623:— has often been accused of being a "self-hating Jew", argues that all novels deal with human dilemmas and weaknesses (which are present in all communities), and that to self-censor by only writing about positive Jewish characters would represent a submission to antisemitism.
384:', attacking Jews and women." Elon attributes Jewish antisemitism as a cause in the overall growth of antisemitism when he says,"(Weininger's) book inspired the typical Viennese adage that anti-Semitism did not really get serious until it was taken up by Jews."
527:
such claims were "disingenuous" and for some a "dialectical scam validating themselves as intellectual martyrs." The New York Times reported that the essay spotlighted the issue of when "legitimate criticism of Israel ends and antisemitic statements begin."
200:, an academic author who does not use the term "self-hatred", dismisses such arguments as disingenuous, referring to them as "the ubiquitous rubric 'criticism of Israel,'" stating that "vigorous discussion of Israeli policy and actions is not in question."
240:
Ben Cohen criticizes Lerman, saying no "actual evidence is introduced to support any of this." Lerman himself recognizes the controversy over whether extreme vilification of Israel amounts to antisemitism, and says that antisemitism can be disguised as
224:
has written, "One of the most recent forms of Jewish self-hatred is the virulent opposition to the existence of the State of Israel." He uses the term not against those who oppose Israel's policy, but against Jews who are opposed to Israel's
336:
are described by some scholars as 'indiscriminate anti-Jewish polemic' that mirrors Graeco-Roman pagan attitudes to the Jews, despite Paul's Jewish background. Others argue that the letters resonate with Old
Testament themes.
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of abused children, who almost invariably blame themselves for their predicament, ascribe it to their being bad, and nurture fantasies that by becoming good they can mollify their abusers and end their torment." According to
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445:(Jewish Self-hatred) that the term gained widespread currency. Lessing's book "supposedly charts Lessing's journey from Jewish self-hater to Zionist." In it he analyses the writings of Jews such as Otto Weininger and
312:
reflect self-hatred among
Israelites, where they see Amalek as their "unwelcome brother", "rejected son" and a nation that possessed the inherent vices of Israel. Israelites believed that Amalek descended from
20:
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as "an entirely bogus concept", one that "serves no other purpose than to marginalise and demonise political opponents", who says that it is used increasingly as a personal attack in discussions about the
436:
that the concept of "Jewish anti-semitism" was unhelpful, and should be replaced with the term "Jewish self-hatred", but it was not until the 1930 publication of the German-Jewish anti-Nazi philosopher
653:) of faking anti-Semitic incidents for profit (Falter then sued Atzmon for libel which Atzmon lost and was left with expensive legal costs) and promoting the conspiracy theory of
271:
described Jewish self-hatred as a neurotic reaction to the impact of anti-semitism by Jews accepting, expressing, and even exaggerating, the basic assumptions of the antisemite.
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797:"Self-loathing Jew" is synonymously used with "self-hating Jew." "Antisemitic Jew" can be used synonymously as well. "Self-hating Jew" has also been compared to the term "
1983:
743:, he said, "I have people that I lost in the Holocaust and I just … go fuck yourself. How dare you?" Stewart commented that the way his critics used the term—to define
505:, the Jewish journal which had once been "considered the venue of self-hating Jews with questionable commitments to the Zionist project", came under the editorship of
751:". Stewart also criticized right-wing Jews for implying that they are the only ones who can decide what it means to be Jewish. He observed: "And you can't observe
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Wasserstein goes on to say that self-hating Jews, "afflicted by some form of anti-Semitism were not so much haters of themselves as haters of 'other' Jews."
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in the way you want to observe. And I never thought that that would be coming from brethren. ... How dare they? That they only know the word of
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frequent and more intense in the US and the UK, with the issue particularly widely debated in 2007, leading to the creation of the
British
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said that
Zionists divided critics of Israeli policy into two groups: antisemitic non-Jews and neurotic self-hating Jews. He observed:
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uses the term Jewish self-loathing to characterize "Jews who perversely seek to bolster their Jewish credentials by defaming Israel."
482:" provoked heated public debate, including accusations of self-hatred, and over-shadowed her earlier work criticising German Jewish
3327:
2168:, "Jewish Self-Hatred", Nativ (Hebrew: translated from German), 17 (96), 1930/2004, pp. 49–54 (Der Jüdische Selbsthass, 1930).
1944:
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138:), which sought to explain a perceived inclination among Secular Jewish intellectuals towards inciting antisemitism by denouncing
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who "despise anything Jewish, ranging from their religion to the Jewish state", saying it does not apply to all "Israel-bashers."
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noted that Atzmon was "a self-described 'self-hating ex-Jew' whose writings and pronouncements are rich in conspiracy theories,
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can also designate dislike, or hatred, of a group to which one belongs. The term has a long history in debates over the role of
634:. In that interview, Atzmon calls himself a "proud self-hating Jew" and also described fellow Jewish anti-Semite, the Austrian
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1654:
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Howard W. Polsky, "How I am a Jew, Adventures into my Jewish-American Identity," University Press of America 2002, pp. 16–17.
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called 'enlightened' Jews who refuse to associate themselves with people who practice a 'backward' religion." One novelist,
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reserves the term for Jews who pose a danger to the Jewish community, using "Jewish self-hater" to describe the so-called "
699:: "Some scholars have claimed that by labeling another Jew self-hating, the accuser is claiming his or her own Judaism as
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Amos Elon,"The Pity of It All : a History of Jews in Germany, 1743-1933," Metropolitan Books 2002, pp. 231-237.
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Paul's Conundrum: Reconciling 1 Thessalonians 2:13-16 and Romans 9:1-5 in Light of His Calling and His Heritage,
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739:". Considering the term to be like equating someone with the Jews who turned their backs on each other during
717:, and that within left-wing and liberal circles it is "usually considered a joke". Richard Forer, writing for
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The term was used in a derogatory way during the 1940s by "'militant' Zionists", but the 1963 publication of
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heritage by describing their ancestral traditions as "foreign" and "dangerous". Philippe Bohstrom believes
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174:, meaning towards Jews who differ in their lifestyles, interests or political positions from the speaker.
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Jerald Auerbach, "Jews Against Themselves by Edward Alexander (Review)", the Algemeiner, August 17, 2015.
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It is argued by some academics that the concept of Jewish self-hatred is based on an essentialisation of
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The specific terms "self-hating Jew" and "Jewish self-hatred" only came into use later, developing from
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1953:
256:", "who validates the slander (against Jews) as he attempts to curry the favor of masters and rulers."
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1911:"Noam Chomsky at United Nations: It Would Be Nice if the United States Lived Up to International Law"
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The origins of terms such as "Jewish self-hatred" lie in the mid-19th century feuding between German
159:
1889:
Jon Stewart on Directorial Debut 'Rosewater,' His 'Daily Show' Future and Those Israel-Gaza Comments
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The Israeli-born British Jazz saxophonist, writer and Hebrew speaking anti-Semite of Jewish descent
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Herzl was soon complaining that his "polemical term" was often being applied to him, for example by
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1726:"Gilad Atzmon forced to ask supporters for funds after Campaign Against Antisemitism libel lawsuit"
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1105:"Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism: Ben Cohen Debates Antony Lerman", The Propagandist, June 18, 2008.
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who expressed hatred for their own Judaism. Lessing was assassinated by Nazi agents shortly after
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1215:"Metaphysical Hatred and Sacred Genocide: The Questionable Role of Amalek in Biblical Literature"
548:
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2009:
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W. M. L. Finlay, "Pathologizing Dissent: Identity Politics, Zionism and the 'Self-Hating Jew'",
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In Defense of 'Self-Hating' Jews: Conversations with the Targets of Masada2000's S.H.I.T. List
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765:, he said, "Look, there's a lot of reasons why I hate myself—being Jewish isn't one of them."
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158:" in light of how some Jews may despise their entire identity due to their perception of the
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Hate and Hypocrisy: What is behind the rare-but-recurring phenomenon of Jewish anti-Semites?
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Alvin H. Rosenfeld, "Rhetorical Violence and the Jews", The New Republic, February 27, 2007.
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649:(including those not even born at the time), accusing Gideon Falter (the chairman of the
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Glenn, Susan A. (2006), "The Vogue of Jewish Self-Hatred in Post-World War II America",
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Bernard Lewis, "Semites and Anti-Semites," W. W. Norton & Company 1999, pp. 255-256.
1096:"Anthony Lerman Plays Politics with Antisemitism", The Propagandist, September 12, 2008.
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617:, who — because of the nature of the Jewish characters in his novels, such as the 1969
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1771:"Onetime Antiwar, Environmental Protester Veers Into the Seamy World of Anti-Semitism"
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Recognition of the concept gained widespread currency after German-Jewish philosopher
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Ordeal of Civility: Freud, Marx, Levi-Strauss, and the Jewish Struggle With Modernity
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Phyllis Chesler, "The New Anti-Semitism," Josse-Bass Wiley Imprint 2005, pp. 187–188.
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361:, the Orthodox Jews accusing the Reform Jews of identifying more closely with German
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According to John P. Jackson Jr., the concept developed in the late 19th century in
142:. More recently, this spotlight on antisemitism motivated by self-hatred within the
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747:—was formerly always done by people who were not Jewish. He saw this as "more than
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Alan Dershowitz, "The Case for Israel", John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2004, pg. 220.
547:." Modern social psychology literature uses terms such as "self-stigmatization", "
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Jewish Identity and Palestinian Rights: Diaspora Jewish Opposition to Israel
780:, the best formulation of this, was by an ambassador to the United Nations,
735:, was repeatedly called a "self-hating Jew" by people whom he described as "
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827:, Uzi Zilber used the term "Jew Flu" as a synonym for Jewish self-hatred.
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1456:"No choice but to speak out – Israeli musician 'a proud self-hating Jew'"
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Social Scientists for Social Justice: Making the Case Against Segregation
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1690:"Venue denies antisemitism after hosting Interfaith for Palestine event"
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Paul Reitter (2008), "Zionism and the Rhetoric of Jewish Self-Hatred",
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565:, a Harvard psychiatrist, says that Jewish self-hatred has two causes:
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462:
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In English the first major discussion of the topic was in the 1940s by
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Antisemitism: The Generic Hatred: Essays in Memory of Simon Wiesenthal
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Left-wing Critics of Israel Launch Blog to Combat Alleged Intimidation
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Jewish self-hatred: Anti-Semitism and the hidden language of the Jews.
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Irving Louis Horowitz, "New Trends and Old Hatreds," Springer New York
856: – Adherence to racist beliefs and customs by subordinated groups
350:
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Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews
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Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible
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Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews
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and are the ones who are able to disseminate it. It's not right." To
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openly used the term to describe himself in a 2010 interview for the
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and distortion, and open support of anti-Israeli terrorist groups."
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extract from If I Am Not for Myself: Journey of an Anti-Zionist Jew
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Gilman 1986, as described by Finlay (2005:208). Gilman, S. (1986).
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Bernard Wasserstein, "On the Eve," Simon and Schuster 2012, p. 211.
657:, even publicly advising people to read Holocaust denying books by
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1373:, Volume 12, Number 3, Spring/Summer 2006 (New Series), pp. 95-136
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Jon Stewart lashes out at critics who call him a self-hating Jew
289:, who were progenitors of the Jews, frequently repudiated their
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but this was later obfuscated by Biblical authors, who adopted
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1744:"Jewish students told 'don't study at LSE' by Board president"
1672:"Labour MP apologises for backing 'antisemitic' jazz musician"
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Resolving Social Conflicts: Selected Papers on Group Dynamics
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The Self-Hating Jew: A Strategy to Hide From Self-Reflection.
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Resolving Social Conflicts and Field Theory in Social Science
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writes that the term is almost exclusively used today by the
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147:
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The Self-Hating Jew: A Strategy to Hide From Self-Reflection
245:, also a concern of Rosenfeld and Gilman as mentioned above.
1845:
1600:
Fineberg, Michael; Samuels, Shimon; Weitzman, Mark (2007).
1403:
Essay Linking Liberal Jews and Anti-Semitism Sparks a Furor
874:
843:
314:
82:
2062:"The Jew Flu: The strange illness of Jewish anti-Semitism"
1710:, 30 November 2006. Hirsh also refers to the statement in
909:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 361.
680:
535:
The issue has periodically been covered in the academic
530:
488:
assimilationism. In the following years, after the 1967
395:
to popular anti-Semitism that primarily was directed at
228:
The concept of Jewish self-hatred has been described by
1599:
695:. According to the transdenominational Jewish platform
478:
opened a new chapter. Her criticism of the trial as a "
1288:
308:
Gili Kluger argues that the biblical narratives about
417:(The Jews' State), which launched political Zionism.
1860:"Jon Stewart on criticism of his coverage of Israel"
511:
Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semitism
76:
63:
1587:"John Mearsheimer Ready for Rosh Hashanah in Style"
1425:"The Psychology of Populations under Chronic Siege"
691:The legitimacy of the term in modern usage remains
146:is said to have become "something of a key term of
2354:Les « traîtres juifs » d'Alexandre Adler
1290:
1192:"Peoples of the Bible: The Legend of the Amorites"
597:The term is in use in Jewish publications such as
3401:
3141:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
1530:Jewish Self-Hatred : Myth or Reality ?
1053:, 12 September 2008, accessed 13 September 2008.
509:to staunchly support Israel. In his 2006 essay "
2694:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
1486:"The first time I was called a self-hating Jew"
170:The expression "self-hating Jew" is often used
1395:
1376:
1140:
1138:
555:" to describe this type of phenomenon. Author
165:
2376:
1807:Self-hating Jews Are Not Necessarily Leftists
1768:
1270:Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2011 pp.61ff,66-7.
85:people whose viewpoints, especially favoring
3151:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
2263:Israel's Jewish Critics Aren't 'Self-Hating'
2247:Ask the Rabbis: What is a 'Self-Hating Jew'?
1289:Jackson, John P Jr; Jackson, John P (2001).
946:
117:
28:
1975:
1792:Self-Hating Jews: The Legacy of Self-Hatred
1135:
1038:
1036:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
357:. Each side accused the other of betraying
123:
2662:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
2383:
2369:
2197:: Anti-Semitism, Self-hatred, and the Jews
1561:
1542:Brackman, Rabbi Levi (September 1, 2006).
1334:Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1169:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3–30.
206:limits the term "self-hatred" to specific
1015:
986:
984:
982:
980:
805:community. The term "auto-antisemitism" (
1723:
1541:
1535:
1483:
1477:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1241:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
1189:
1108:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1033:
999:
996:, Vol. 44 No. 2, June 2005, pp. 201-222.
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
923:
898:
896:
894:
280:
81:) are pejorative terms used to describe
18:
1981:
1905:
1408:
1190:Bohstrom, Philippe (February 6, 2017).
1099:
1024:
380:, a brilliant young Jew who published '
3402:
2178:, June 1941. Reprinted in Kurt Lewin,
2112:, "The Stars & Stripes of David",
2059:
2053:
2027:
2001:
1453:
1438:
1258:
1212:
1162:
1085:"Jewish Self-Hatred: Myth or Reality?"
902:
2364:
2033:
2007:
1942:A phrase whose time has come and gone
1724:Sugarman, Daniel (28 November 2018).
1669:
1663:
1642:
1585:Chait, Jonathan (26 September 2011).
1584:
1350:
1337:
1319:Social Scientists for Social Justice.
1147:
1056:
957:
891:
681:Controversy and criticism of the term
531:Social and psychological explanations
434:Juden und Deutsche (Jews and Germans)
1969:BLACKS & JEWS: Facilitator Guide
1606:. Vallentine Mitchell. p. 127.
1273:
1090:
993:British Journal of Social Psychology
641:blaming the entire Jewish people for
192:critics of Israeli government policy
2680:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
2343:Le petit soldat de la pieuvre noire
1433:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
865:Association of German National Jews
810:
69:
53:
13:
3161:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
2082:
1769:David Neiwert (January 27, 2015).
1629:Jazz Times, Volume 35, Issues 6-10
1206:
1156:
190:, where it is used against Jewish
14:
3456:
2239:
2235:. Chapter 17, "Jewish Self-Hate".
1966:Alan Snitow and Deborah Kaufman,
1857:
1544:"Confronting the self hating Jew"
1405:". New York Times, Jan. 31, 2007,
1347:, New York: Harper, 1948, p. 164.
297:, the ancestor of Israel, was an
3430:Political pejoratives for people
2715:White genocide conspiracy theory
2390:
2346:, Nouvel observateur, 2003-10-09
2096:: Confronting Jewish Self-Hatred
2060:Zilber, Uzi (25 December 2009).
1429:Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism
792:
285:According to Ronald Hendel, the
2959:Institute for Historical Review
2879:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
2609:International Jewish conspiracy
2506:
2313:Love, Hate, and Jewish Identity
2271:, April 28, 2002. Reprinted at
2098:, Thunder's Mouth Press, 2002.
1960:
1934:
1899:
1882:
1851:
1834:
1817:
1800:
1785:
1762:
1736:
1717:
1714:, "The Guardian", 3 April 2006.
1696:
1682:
1636:
1632:. Jazz Times. 2005. p. 22.
1620:
1593:
1578:
1519:
1503:
1447:
1417:
1324:
1282:
1245:
1183:
1120:, Vol. 43 No.1, November 2005,
817:) is also synonymously used in
428:The Austrian-Jewish journalist
2152:Johns Hopkins University Press
1670:Elgot, Jessica (9 June 2022).
317:, who was the twin brother of
305:prejudices towards Amorites.
105:, are perceived as reflecting
1:
3156:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
2884:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
2862:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
2832:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
1773:. Southern Poverty Law Center
1484:Marqusee, Mike (4 Mar 2008).
1454:Gibson, Martin (2009-01-23).
1231:10.1080/14623528.2020.1827781
885:
687:Weaponization of antisemitism
651:Campaign Against Antisemitism
456:
3420:Stereotypes of Jewish people
3136:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
2842:1968 Polish political crisis
2225:Wayne State University Press
2174:, "Self-Hatred Among Jews",
2036:"Holocaust denial in Israel"
2010:"The history of self-hatred"
1919:(Interview). Interviewed by
1219:Journal of Genocide Research
391:discourse as "a response of
340:
7:
2906:Night of the Murdered Poets
2284:Southern Poverty Law Center
830:
745:who is a Jew and who is not
663:Southern Poverty Law Center
166:Descriptions of the concept
77:
64:
10:
3461:
2901:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
2872:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
2847:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
2812:Antisemitic laws, policies
2668:On the Jews and Their Lies
2176:Contemporary Jewish Record
2034:Dahan, Alon (2006-12-13).
2008:Dahan, Alon (2006-12-07).
1984:"Letting the animals live"
1954:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
1704:Openly embracing prejudice
1649:. Zed Books. p. 125.
684:
275:
3179:
3124:
3005:
2939:
2810:
2728:
2581:
2528:
2398:
2255:, November/December 2009.
520:Independent Jewish Voices
3435:Zionism and antisemitism
3146:Community Security Trust
3020:Black Death persecutions
2273:Common Dreams NewsCenter
1569:'Wandering jazz player,'
1532:Summer 2008, Number 210.
1389:The Jewish Daily Forward
675:Holocaust trivialization
581:
399:." For German Jews, the
116:published his 1930 book
23:Cover of one edition of
3352:Palestinian Territories
2857:Dreyfus Affair (France)
2297:The myth of self-hatred
1163:Hendel, Ronald (2005).
903:Gilman, Sander (1986).
801:" which is used in the
665:(SPLC)'s official blog
549:internalized oppression
443:Der Jüdische Selbsthass
220:The cultural historian
213:The academic historian
30:Der jüdische Selbsthass
16:Pejorative towards Jews
3166:Stephen Roth Institute
2814:and government actions
2753:Portuguese Inquisition
2730:Religious antisemitism
2604:Double genocide theory
2490:Secondary antisemitism
2426:Religious antisemitism
1982:Hendelsaltz, Michael.
1894:The Hollywood Reporter
1431:, No. 46 2 July 2006,
1297:. NYU Press. pp.
790:
762:The Hollywood Reporter
432:argued in a 1921 book
328:, which is central to
119:Der jüdische Selbsthaß
118:
33:
29:
3126:Organizations working
2686:Contemporary imprints
2615:The International Jew
2485:Rootless cosmopolitan
1643:Landy, David (2011).
1371:Jewish Social Studies
1213:Kugler, Gili (2020).
774:
475:Eichmann in Jerusalem
397:Eastern European Jews
281:In Abrahamic religion
250:Irving Louis Horowitz
160:Arab–Israeli conflict
22:
3128:against antisemitism
3074:Martyrdom in Judaism
2940:Antisemitic websites
2852:Leo Frank trial (US)
2748:Catholic Inquisition
2720:Zionist antisemitism
2436:Antisemitism studies
2309:Rabbi Jonathan Sacks
2259:Rabbi Michael Lerner
1957:, December 10, 2002.
1909:(27 November 2014).
1589:. New York Magazine.
1251:David Luckensmeyer.
1202:on January 26, 2024.
860:Zionist antisemitism
208:Jewish anti-Zionists
95:limousine liberalism
3440:Conceptions of self
3104:Spanish Inquisition
3015:Rhineland massacres
2770:Rhineland massacres
2763:Spanish Inquisition
2495:Stereotypes of Jews
2480:Racial antisemitism
2431:Persecution of Jews
2305:, February 8, 2007.
2287:Intelligence Report
2122:John Murray Cuddihy
1829:The Huffington Post
1548:Israel Jewish Scene
1466:on February 3, 2009
1460:The Gisborne Herald
1435:. Accessed Feb 2010
1264:Amy Karen Downey,
1047:Jews attacking Jews
952:The Germanic Review
880:Jewish assimilation
854:Internalized racism
838:Anti-Semite and Jew
720:The Huffington Post
620:Portnoy's Complaint
553:false consciousness
369:than with Judaism.
261:Bernard Wasserstein
154:–era debates about
87:Jewish assimilation
3323:Conservative Party
3084:Pale of Settlement
2594:Christian Identity
2568:Soviet mathematics
2473:Working definition
2324:Menachem Wecker, "
1947:2007-04-11 at the
1870:on 1 November 2019
1748:Jewish News Online
697:My Jewish Learning
606:The Jerusalem Post
567:Stockholm syndrome
515:Alvin H. Rosenfeld
367:German nationalism
198:Alvin H. Rosenfeld
133:Jewish Self-Hatred
34:
3445:Auto-Antisemitism
3425:Antisemitic slurs
3397:
3396:
3040:Ghettos in Europe
2953:The Daily Stormer
2758:Roman Inquisition
2621:Jewish Bolshevism
2278:Daniel Levitas, "
2268:Los Angeles Times
1656:978-1-84813-929-9
1613:978-0-85303-745-3
1401:Patricia Cohen, "
1382:Rebecca Spence, "
1308:978-0-8147-4266-2
1117:Society (journal)
821:. In a column in
729:, former host of
537:social psychology
382:Sex and Character
332:, the letters of
91:Jewish secularism
75:
62:
42:self-loathing Jew
3452:
2921:Holocaust denial
2790:Host desecration
2599:Cultural Marxism
2529:Antisemitism and
2508:
2463:New antisemitism
2385:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2340:Martine Gilson,
2339:
2321:, November 1997.
2184:Harper & Row
2144:Sander L. Gilman
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1903:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:. Archived from
1855:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1804:
1798:
1796:MyJewishLearning
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:Jewish Chronicle
1721:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1640:
1634:
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1624:
1618:
1617:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1576:
1567:Theo Panayides,
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1539:
1533:
1526:Jewish Quarterly
1523:
1517:
1516:August 10, 2012.
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1462:. Archived from
1451:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1348:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1296:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1198:. Archived from
1187:
1181:
1180:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1133:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1081:Jewish Quarterly
1077:
1054:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1010:
997:
988:
955:
948:
921:
920:
900:
812:
803:African-American
655:Holocaust denial
576:Howard W. Polsky
507:Norman Podhoretz
447:Arthur Trebitsch
401:Eastern European
248:The sociologist
235:new antisemitism
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
121:
80:
74:romanized:
73:
71:
67:
57:
55:
32:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3175:
3129:
3127:
3120:
3001:
2990:The Right Stuff
2947:Bible Believers
2935:
2815:
2813:
2806:
2724:
2700:Self-hating Jew
2577:
2558:Nation of Islam
2524:
2394:
2389:
2349:
2337:
2331:Jewish Currents
2293:Jacqueline Rose
2242:
2220:The Jewish Mind
2166:Theodor Lessing
2085:
2083:Further reading
2080:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1965:
1961:
1949:Wayback Machine
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1852:
1839:
1835:
1822:
1818:
1805:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1750:. 23 March 2017
1742:
1741:
1737:
1722:
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1701:
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1626:
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1621:
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1598:
1594:
1583:
1579:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1540:
1536:
1524:
1520:
1510:Huffington Post
1508:
1504:
1495:
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1469:
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1452:
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1161:
1157:
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1148:
1143:
1136:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1079:Antony Lerman,
1078:
1057:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1000:
989:
958:
949:
924:
917:
901:
892:
888:
833:
815:autoantishemiut
795:
778:locus classicus
689:
683:
603:(New York) and
600:The Jewish Week
588:Jewish identity
584:
557:Phyllis Chesler
541:social identity
533:
459:
453:came to power.
439:Theodor Lessing
359:Jewish identity
343:
283:
278:
215:Jerold Auerbach
204:Alan Dershowitz
188:Jewish identity
168:
144:Jewish diaspora
135:
132:
129:
126:
114:Theodor Lessing
46:auto-antisemite
38:self-hating Jew
25:Theodor Lessing
17:
12:
11:
5:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3415:Jewish society
3412:
3410:Jewish culture
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3359:
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3333:
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3318:United Kingdom
3315:
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3293:
3283:
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3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
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3119:
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3086:
3081:
3079:Nuremberg Laws
3076:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3035:Jewish quarter
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2931:ZOG conspiracy
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2889:Final Solution
2881:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Ghetto benches
2818:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2743:Jewish deicide
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
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2717:
2712:
2707:
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2697:
2690:
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2658:
2657:
2652:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2582:Related topics
2579:
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2555:
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2322:
2306:
2290:
2289:, Winter 2002.
2276:
2256:
2241:
2240:External links
2238:
2237:
2236:
2212:
2201:Schocken Books
2195:The Wicked Son
2187:
2169:
2163:
2141:
2119:
2118:, May 4, 1998.
2107:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2052:
2026:
2000:
1974:
1959:
1940:Eugene Kane, "
1933:
1916:Democracy Now!
1898:
1881:
1850:
1833:
1816:
1799:
1784:
1761:
1735:
1716:
1712:"What charge?"
1702:Hirsh, David.
1695:
1681:
1662:
1655:
1635:
1619:
1612:
1592:
1577:
1560:
1534:
1518:
1502:
1492:. The Guardian
1476:
1446:
1437:
1423:Kenneth Levin
1416:
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776:Actually, the
732:The Daily Show
682:
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636:Otto Weininger
583:
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571:psychodynamics
539:literature on
532:
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494:Yom Kippur War
458:
455:
414:Der Judenstaat
378:Otto Weininger
342:
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282:
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267:The historian
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259:The historian
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150:in and beyond
78:oto'antishémit
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3055:
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3052:The Holocaust
3050:
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2916:Doctors' plot
2914:
2912:
2911:Slánský trial
2909:
2907:
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2899:
2895:
2894:The Holocaust
2892:
2890:
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2882:
2880:
2877:
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2868:
2867:Farhud (Iraq)
2865:
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2827:Hep-Hep riots
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2798:
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2775:Martin Luther
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2710:Weaponization
2708:
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2698:
2696:
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2687:
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2674:Philosemitism
2672:
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2656:
2653:
2651:
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2633:Khazar theory
2631:
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2243:
2234:
2233:0-8143-2651-X
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:Raphael Patai
2213:
2210:
2209:0-8052-4207-4
2206:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:0-8018-4063-5
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:0-8070-3609-9
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:1-56025-372-X
2101:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1907:Chomsky, Noam
1902:
1896:
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1392:, Feb.9, 2007
1391:
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1186:
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1176:9780199784622
1172:
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1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1087:, Summer 2008
1086:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Antony Lerman
1039:
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1027:
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1003:
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916:9780801840630
912:
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850:
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845:
842:
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839:
835:
834:
828:
826:
825:
820:
816:
811:אוטואנטישמיות
808:
804:
800:
793:Similar terms
789:
787:
783:
779:
773:
771:
766:
764:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:the Holocaust
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
722:
721:
716:
712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
693:controversial
688:
678:
676:
672:
671:David Neiwert
668:
664:
660:
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648:
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637:
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629:
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621:
616:
610:
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607:
602:
601:
595:
591:
589:
579:
577:
572:
568:
564:
563:Kenneth Levin
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:social status
542:
538:
528:
525:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
476:
471:
470:Hannah Arendt
466:
464:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
431:
426:
424:
418:
416:
415:
410:
409:Theodor Herzl
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:German Jewish
385:
383:
379:
375:
372:According to
370:
368:
364:
363:Protestantism
360:
356:
353:seminary and
352:
348:
347:Orthodox Jews
338:
335:
331:
327:
326:New Testament
322:
320:
316:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
270:
269:Bernard Lewis
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
244:
239:
236:
231:
230:Antony Lerman
227:
223:
222:Sander Gilman
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
196:
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189:
185:
181:
177:
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175:
173:
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161:
157:
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149:
145:
141:
120:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
66:
65:oto'antishémi
60:
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
27:'s 1930 book
26:
21:
3382:21st century
3362:South Africa
3328:Labour Party
3249:21st century
3192:Saudi Arabia
3116:Yellow badge
3066:
3062:Jewish quota
2989:
2951:
2926:Yellow badge
2794:
2738:Anti-Judaism
2699:
2692:
2678:
2666:
2642:
2638:Ku Klux Klan
2613:
2589:Anti-Zionism
2573:Universities
2536:Christianity
2446:Adolf Hitler
2392:Antisemitism
2357:, 2003-11-01
2352:
2341:
2329:
2318:First Things
2316:
2302:The Guardian
2300:
2286:
2266:
2250:
2218:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2147:
2130:Beacon Press
2125:
2113:
2094:The Believer
2092:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2018:. Retrieved
2013:
2003:
1992:. Retrieved
1987:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1914:
1901:
1892:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1863:
1858:Dekel, Jon.
1853:
1844:
1836:
1827:
1819:
1810:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1747:
1738:
1729:
1719:
1708:The Guardian
1707:
1698:
1684:
1676:The Guardian
1675:
1665:
1645:
1638:
1628:
1622:
1602:
1595:
1580:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1547:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1489:
1479:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:the original
1459:
1449:
1440:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1397:
1387:
1378:
1370:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1326:
1318:
1312:. Retrieved
1292:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1247:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1200:the original
1195:
1185:
1165:
1158:
1149:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1080:
1050:
1026:
1017:
991:
951:
905:
836:
822:
814:
796:
777:
775:
770:Noam Chomsky
767:
760:
730:
725:
718:
713:against the
711:Jewish right
704:
696:
690:
666:
659:David Irving
628:Gilad Atzmon
625:
618:
611:
604:
598:
596:
592:
585:
561:
534:
500:
498:
483:
473:
467:
460:
442:
433:
427:
419:
412:
406:
386:
371:
344:
334:Apostle Paul
330:Christianity
323:
307:
303:Mesopotamian
284:
243:anti-Zionism
172:rhetorically
169:
111:
103:anti-Zionism
99:anti-Judaism
70:אוטואנטישמית
68:, feminine:
45:
41:
37:
35:
3347:New Zealand
3099:Segregation
3007:Persecution
2979:Radio Islam
2785:Blood libel
2780:Blood curse
2553:Middle Ages
2399:Core topics
2350:(in French)
2338:(in French)
2334:, May 2007.
2190:David Mamet
2110:David Biale
2071:25 December
2042:(in Hebrew)
2016:(in Hebrew)
1990:(in Hebrew)
1921:Amy Goodman
1874:22 February
1573:Cyprus Mail
1343:Kurt Lewin,
1225:(1): 1–16.
849:White guilt
786:I. F. Stone
749:nationalism
727:Jon Stewart
715:Jewish left
669:written by
632:Cyprus Mail
615:Philip Roth
524:The Forward
490:Six-Day War
393:German Jews
355:Reform Jews
180:self-hatred
107:self-hatred
54:אוטואנטישמי
36:The terms "
3404:Categories
3224:Costa Rica
3187:Arab world
3171:Yad Vashem
3094:Refuseniks
3057:Jewish hat
3030:Expulsions
2997:Stormfront
2705:Xenophobia
2655:in English
2644:Mein Kampf
2626:Żydokomuna
2456:Propaganda
2172:Kurt Lewin
2115:The Nation
2089:Henry Bean
2046:2008-08-17
2020:2008-08-17
1994:2008-08-17
1864:canada.com
1554:2009-01-17
1550:. ynetnews
1496:2009-01-17
1470:2009-02-14
1314:2009-02-14
1253:pp.167-171
886:References
870:Dan Burros
685:See also:
502:Commentary
480:show trial
463:Kurt Lewin
457:In English
423:Karl Kraus
287:Israelites
225:existence.
148:opprobrium
3389:Venezuela
3204:Australia
3199:Argentina
3180:By region
3109:Expulsion
2969:Metapedia
2964:Jew Watch
2650:in Arabic
2416:Geography
2411:Economics
1239:228959516
1132:(Online).
1130:1936-4725
1126:0147-2011
799:Uncle Tom
782:Abba Eban
768:In 2014,
737:fascistic
701:normative
667:Hatewatch
492:and 1973
430:Anton Kuh
374:Amos Elon
341:In German
321:/Israel.
291:Canaanite
254:court Jew
178:Usage of
59:romanized
3357:Pakistan
3291:Imperial
3068:Judensau
3025:Boycotts
2984:Redwatch
2974:Podblanc
2837:May Laws
2796:Judensau
2500:Timeline
2468:Three Ds
2451:Americas
2227:, 1996.
2203:, 2006.
2154:, 1990.
2132:, 1987.
1945:Archived
1128:(Print)
1051:Ha'aretz
831:See also
551:", and "
441:'s book
152:Cold War
44:", and "
3377:History
3313:Ukraine
3281:Romania
3266:Hungary
3256:Germany
3239:Belgium
3234:Austria
3089:Pogroms
2421:History
2406:Canards
2186:, 1948.
2066:Haaretz
1988:Haaretz
1972:, 1998.
1812:Haaretz
1196:Haaretz
824:Haaretz
753:Judaism
706:Haaretz
661:. The
644:killing
485:parvenu
351:Breslau
349:of the
324:In the
299:Amorite
295:Abraham
276:History
156:Zionism
140:Judaism
127:
61::
3367:Turkey
3342:Mexico
3308:Sweden
3296:Soviet
3286:Russia
3276:Norway
3261:Greece
3244:France
3229:Europe
3209:Canada
3045:Mellah
2992:(blog)
2802:Pogrom
2441:Nazism
2252:Moment
2231:
2207:
2158:
2136:
2102:
1926:1 July
1777:9 June
1754:9 June
1653:
1610:
1305:
1301:–122.
1237:
1173:
1124:
913:
819:Hebrew
807:Hebrew
451:Hitler
310:Amalek
184:Israel
83:Jewish
50:Hebrew
3337:Japan
3303:Spain
3271:Italy
3219:Chile
3214:China
2548:Islam
2505:19th
1235:S2CID
954:83(4)
647:Jesus
582:Usage
499:Even
319:Jacob
2518:21st
2513:20th
2229:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2073:2009
1928:2016
1876:2024
1846:Ynet
1779:2022
1756:2022
1651:ISBN
1608:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1122:ISSN
911:ISBN
875:weev
844:Kapo
365:and
315:Esau
124:lit.
40:", "
2328:",
2315:",
2311:, "
2295:, "
2282:",
2265:",
2261:, "
2249:",
2040:nfc
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