1742:
1533:
31:
1026:
2054:
Leucosedum clades), with multiple groups spreading over the three continents of the
Northern Hemisphere. The Telephium clade splitting from the rest of the subfamily at 66 mya. This was followed by the Petrosedum and Aeonium clades at 56 mya and Sempervivum/Jovibarda at 52 mya. The remaining two clades, constituting Sedeae (Leucosedum and Acre) separating from each other at 48 mya. Two lineages from the European Crassulaceae eventually dispersed to North America and underwent subsequent diversification. The Aeonium clade dispersed from northern Africa to adjacent Macaronesia.
1220:
1455:
53:
1864:
1363:
2053:
between
Crassuloideae and the rest of the family (Kalanchoideae, Sempervivoideae) at 82 mya, and Sempervivoideae splitting from Kalanchoideae at 71 mya. The Sempervivoideae subsequently dispersed north to the Mediterranean region, and from there to Eastern Europe and Asia (Sempervivum and
2028:
from
Semperviveae, but collectively account for only a small fraction of the genus. While restricting Sedum to Sedeae simplifies the infrafamilial structure of the genus, its species remain distributed within both clades of this tribe.
289:
Succulent leaved plants. Unlike the other two smaller subfamilies, which are highly derived, Sempervivoideae retain the basic features of the family
Crassulaceae. The Sempervivoideae contain many familiar horticultural plants, such as
2475:
Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae
Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae,
2908:
Nikulin, Vyacheslav Yu.; Gontcharova, Svetlana B.; Stephenson, Ray; Gontcharov, Andrey A. (September 2016). "Phylogenetic relationships between Sedum L. and related genera (Crassulaceae) based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons".
1243:
The
Umbeliceae occur mainly in temperate areas of Asia, flowering in spring to early summer, with about 4−5 genera and 100 species. The tribe consists of two subclades. The first, Phedimus/Rhodiola, includes
671:
Alternatively, Messerschmid and colleagues (2020), based on the largest analysis of subfamily taxa, propose the following clade structure (with tribes) and number of genera, species;
312:, although Messerschmid and colleagues (2020) state that these three subfamily clades are successive sisters, rather than Sempervivoideae being a direct sister only to Kalanchoideae.
2045:) in southern Africa with the two most basal phylogenetic branches (Crassula, Kalanchoe) representing the predominantly southern African members. Divergence times are shown in
1137:
It is likely that diversification of the tribe occurred at the time of the formation of the
Himalayas. Telephiae contains about 6 genera, with about 48–50 species, including:
1389:(ITS) phylogeny Petrosedum is sister to Aeonium, with Sempervivum/Jovibarba closest to Sedeae. Previously it had been placed within Sempervivum/Jovibarba. All species of
3006:; Burleigh, J. G.; Rubio de Casas, R. (29 April 2013). "Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution analysis of Saxifragales using a supermatrix approach".
2759:
Mayuzumi, Shinzo; Ohba, Hideaki (2004). "The
Phylogenetic Position of Eastern Asian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) Inferred from Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences".
1044:
This monophyletic clade is sister to the remainder of the
Sempervivoideae subfamily, and its three sublineages, Telephiae, Phedimus/Rhodiola and Umbilicus form a
991:(ITS) phylogeny Petrosedum it is sister to Aeonium, with Sempervivum/Jovibarba closest to Sedeae. Previously it had been placed within Sempervivum/Jovibarba.
1381:
The phylogenetic relatpionships of the
Petrosedum clade are not fully resolved, and hence is unplaced, due to discordance in molecular marker analyses. In
2016:
problem". Given the monophyly demonstrated for Aeonieae and Semperviveae (as quite distinct from Sedeae), it has been recommended that those species of
2649:
Gontcharova, S. B.; Gontcharov, A. A. (11 October 2009). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of flowering plants of the family Crassulaceae DC".
2603:"Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subfamily Sedoideae (Crassulaceae) inferred from the ITS region sequences of nuclear rDNA"
1780:). This clade has the largest topological discordance between the phylogenies defined by ITS and plastid markers. The genera included are:
1499:
was originally also included in this clade. The two genera are oreophytes and occur predominantly in western Eurasian mountainous regions.
2893:"To the question of phylogenetic structure of the tribe Telephieae (Sempervivoideae, Crassulaceae) based on ITS rDNA sequence comparisons"
1714:. In the largest study of this tribe, four polytomous clades are identified, of which the largest is Acre. Of the remaining three,
2033:, with about 470 species, is by far the largest (and most problematic) genus within the subfamily, and the family Crassulaceae.
2630:
2520:
2458:
2798:"Linnaeus's folly – phylogeny, evolution and classification of Sedum (Crassulaceae) and Crassness subfamily Sempervivoideae"
2442:
1593:
previously thought to be part of subfamily Crassuloideae, and about 64–70 species. It also includes about eight species of
2512:
2713:
1741:
2484:
2041:
There is no known fossil record of Crassulaceae. The Crassulaceae family evolved approximately 100 million years ago (
2513:"Molecular phylogeny of the Acre clade (Crassulaceae): Dealing with the lack of definitions for Echeveria and Sedum"
1385:
phylogeny, it is one of the successive sister clades to the remainder of Sempervivoideae, without Telephium. But in
987:
phylogeny, it is one of the successive sister clades to the remainder of Sempervivoideae, without Telephium. But in
1532:
1434:
from the Near East a further 9–12 species are included in the clade. As such the clade consists of a single genus;
660:
However, given the difficulty of establishing a stable classification, some authors prefer larger groupings, e.g.;
2734:"Estimation of Phylogeny of Nineteen Sedoideae Species Cultivated in Korea Inferred from Chloroplast DNA Analysis"
2004:
has never formed a monophyletic group, but rather is scattered through the remaining clades, and thus is highly
1287:
with about 13 species, distributed in the Mediterranean, Macaronesia, SW Asia, Arabia and north to east Africa.
1991:
52:
3208:
2796:
Messerschmid, Thibaud F.E.; Klein, Johannes T.; Kadereit, Gudrun; Kadereit, Joachim W. (4 September 2020).
1018:
occur in each of these, but lack sufficient features to allow them to be allocated to definitive genera.
3144:
3139:
2651:
1386:
988:
138:
3060:
3008:
2835:
3130:
1066:, and are distributed primarily in East Asia, but with a few species found in Europe and N America (
2963:
Ohba, H (1978). "Generic and infrageneric classification of the old world sedoideae crassulaceae".
1030:
2493:
3074:
3092:
1718:, usually included in Leucosedum, is the smallest. In the remaining two clades, the species of
3203:
2050:
1224:
2831:"Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Crassulaceae inferred from matK sequence data"
1459:
1291:
1268:. This subclade contains about 88 species found predominantly in Asia, but some species of
1011:
416:
39:
30:
2673:
2020:
originally found in those tribes, be removed from the genus and reassigned. This includes
8:
2074:
1868:
1710:, and 520 species. While the larger Acre clade is relatively robust, Leucosedum remains
2951:
2854:
2784:
1746:
1695:
1025:
305:
264:
213:
203:
47:
1090:, petals often spotted, autumn flowering. The taxonomy remains unstable, with species
3152:
3025:
2999:
2980:
2931:
2892:
2875:
2862:
2822:
2776:
2537:
2480:
2454:
2090:
1706:
clades, Leucosedum and Acre. It contains about 12 genera, mainly derived from within
1347:
1111:
2891:
Nikulin, Arthur; Vyacheslav Nikulin, Vyacheslav; Gontcharov, Andrey (October 2015).
2874:
Mort, Mark E; O'Leary, T. Ryan; Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo; et al. (December 2010).
308:, Sedoideae, and is related to the other Crassulaceae subfamilies, as shown in this
3017:
3003:
2943:
2918:
2844:
2807:
2768:
2745:
2660:
2617:
2589:
2562:
2529:
2446:
703:
In this analysis, these clades and tribes were related as shown in this cladogram;
249:
2566:
1702:
Sedeae is the largest tribe of these and has been considered as consisting of two
3157:
2976:
2802:
2473:
2436:
2094:
1808:
420:
90:
2922:
2533:
3180:
3115:
2593:
2469:
1537:
1367:
1206:
77:
2693:
2664:
2621:
2450:
3197:
2930:
Ohba, Hideaki; Bartholomew, Bruce M; Turland, Nicholas J; Kunjun, Fu (2000).
2826:
2780:
2772:
1918:
1777:
1198:
1165:
1143:
1003:
3029:
2866:
2541:
2497:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1949:
1711:
1703:
1652:
1468:
1187:
1079:
252:
246:
123:
113:
2750:
2733:
1454:
1219:
3165:
3124:
1939:
1928:
1863:
1819:
1582:
1516:
1325:
242:
154:
3021:
2965:
Journal of the Faculty of Science University of Tokyo Section III Botany
2788:
1609:) in northwest Africa and one species on Mediterranean islands. However
1362:
2955:
2858:
2602:
1840:
1829:
1439:
1176:
146:
3170:
2812:
2797:
3044:
2601:
Gontcharova, S. B.; Artyukova, E. V.; Gontcharov, A. A. (June 2006).
2580:
2511:
Carrillo-Reyes, Pablo; Sosa, Victoria; Mort, Mark E. (October 2009).
1908:
1786:
1663:
1641:
1505:
1480:
1402:
belong in this clade. This series has been elevated to genus rank as
309:
260:
3086:
2947:
2876:"Phylogeny and evolution of Crassulaceae: Past, present, and future"
2849:
2830:
2553:(Crassulaceae): Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Iberian taxa".
2093:
in this context, since it has been previously used as a synonym for
488:
The composition of the five tribes are: (number of genera/species);
3109:
2981:"An outline of a classification scheme for extant flowering plants"
2829:; Francisco-Ortega, Javier; Santos-Guerra, Arnoldo (January 2001).
2208:
2206:
1959:
1398:
1336:
1314:
1304:
1083:
1051:
1045:
983:: Petrosedum clade is unplaced, due to discordance in analyses. In
227:
103:
16:
Largest of 3 subfamilies in the flowering plant family Crassulaceae
2674:"Generic division of Sedoideae in Europe and the adjacent regions"
1585:, have polymerous flowers, and include genera derived from within
2549:
Gallo, Lorenzo (24 August 2017a). "Towards a review of the genus
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
1797:
1623:
1471:
1382:
984:
278:
263:
leaves. Unlike the two smaller subfamilies, it is distributed in
189:
2284:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2203:
1414:
also belongs to this segregated genus, or is at least sister to
1495:
but has subsequently been demonstrated to be a separate genus.
1483:
leaves and polymerous flowers. Two genera, derived from within
1427:
1236:
1154:
1075:
1071:
412:
256:
181:
1996:
Many of the genera in this subfamily have been considered non-
1546:
3002:; Mort, M. E.; Latvis, M.; Mavrodiev, E. V.; O'Meara, B. C.;
2218:
1969:
1674:
1062:
The Telephieae genera consist of former infrageneric taxa of
1055:
292:
273:
268:
173:
64:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2178:
2176:
1589:. The clade includes four genera, including the monotypic
2574:
Gallo, Lorenzo (9 May 2017). "Nomenclatural novelties in
2308:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2042:
2629:
Gontcharova, Svetlana B.; Gontcharov, Andrey A. (2007).
2371:
2296:
2263:
2193:
2191:
1002:
Semperviviae, Aeonieae and Sedeae are definable only by
714:: Crassulaceae and Sempervivoideae clades and divisions
3059:
Fu, Kunjun; Ohba, Hideaki; Gilbert, Michael G. (2004).
2694:"The evolution of the Sedum acre group (Crassulaceae)"
2438:
Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Crassulaceae
2407:
2320:
2153:
2648:
2628:
2290:
2212:
2188:
2361:
2359:
2332:
2143:
2141:
1006:
features, with their genera all derived from within
2510:
1726:, defined morphologically. Among the other genera,
2795:
2383:
2257:
1565:Aeonieae (also referred to as the GAMA clade, for
1343:c. 58–60 sp., Himalaya, Siberia, Europe, N America
508:and their relationship is shown in the cladogram:
2600:
2356:
2138:
3195:
2395:
1487:, c. 275 species. Earlier treatments considered
1469:Sempervivum/Jovibarba clade (Semperviveae tribe
318:Cladogram I: Evolutionary lines in Crassulaceae
304:Sempervivoideae has taxonomic priority over its
2468:Thiede, J; Eggli, U (2007). "Crassulaceae". In
2344:
1760:Genera derived from European and Mediterranean
415:within the Subfamily Sempervivoideae have been
2932:"New Combinations in Phedimus (Crassulaceae)"
2907:
2890:
2714:"Diversity within Mediterranean Crassulaceae"
2314:
2278:
2049:. The family had a gradual evolution, with a
2036:
1976:c. 470 sp. N hemisphere, S. America, N Africa
2998:
2758:
2377:
2302:
1290:These genera are among those that have been
1110:are considered monophyletic. But of the two
996:: Divergence times are in million years ago
2467:
2182:
1430:and N Africa. With the inclusion of series
861:Sempervivum/Jovibarba (Tribe Semperviveae)
2929:
2873:
2820:
2413:
2326:
2197:
1768:, with two western North American genera (
1233:
29:
2848:
2811:
2749:
2631:"Molecular Phylogenetics of Crassulaceae"
2069:
2067:
675:Telephium (Telephieae, Umbiliceae) 9, 160
3058:
2338:
1862:
1740:
1531:
1453:
1426:consists of 14 species from Europe, the
1361:
1218:
1024:
667:Sedinae (Semperviveae, Aeonieae, Sedeae)
428:Clades and tribes within Sempervivoideae
2731:
2671:
1637:) 39 sp. Macaronesia, Morocco, E Africa
1082:leaves and tuberous roots or thickened
3196:
2975:
2548:
2389:
2147:
2064:
1260:, or treated as sister to that genus.
1256:. The latter has been included within
3091:
3090:
2573:
2521:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2443:Springer Science & Business Media
2434:
2365:
2012:). This has been referred to as the "
1126:is a segregate of a non-monophyletic
1086:. Leaves usually in rosettes, except
514:Cladogram II: Sempervivoideae tribes
3045:"International Crassulaceae Network"
2962:
2732:Lim, Mi Sang; Choi, Sun Hee (2018).
2711:
2691:
2401:
2000:. Other than the Sempervivum clade,
1793:c. 20 sp., E Europe, Himalaya, Altai
664:Telephinae (Telephieae, Umbilicieae)
3043:
2350:
1755:
1581:), whose distribution is primarily
1376:
1118:appears monophyletic and sister to
13:
2046:
1039:
14:
3220:
3082:
2291:Gontcharova & Gontcharov 2009
2213:Gontcharova & Gontcharov 2007
688:Leucosedum (Sedeae p.p.) 6,80 (+
1048:with the rest of the subfamily.
678:Sempervivum (Semperviveae) 3, 60
51:
2422:
2099:
2083:
1617:appear not to be monophyletic;
1547:Aeonium clade (Aeonieae tribe)
1446:c. 23–26 sp. Euro-Mediterranean
1264:is included by some authors in
946:Subfamily Sempervivoideae
406:
2129:
1992:List of Sempervivoideae genera
1130:and appears to be a sister to
284:
1:
2567:10.1080/00837792.2017.1363978
2123:
1877:
1692:
695:Acre (Sedeae p.p.) 7, 205 (+
2073:Reveal proposed the revised
1882:The seven genera, including
681:Aeonium (Aeonieae) 4, 67 (+
7:
3037:
2923:10.1016/j.flora.2016.08.003
2638:Genes, Genomes and Genomics
2610:Russian Journal of Genetics
2534:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.022
2504:
2089:The name Telephieae may be
1847:c. 8 sp., N Greece, SW Asia
1422:as constituted from series
1387:Internal transcribed spacer
989:Internal transcribed spacer
425:
299:
10:
3225:
3009:American Journal of Botany
2880:Biodiversity & Ecology
2836:American Journal of Botany
2594:10.11646/phytotaxa.306.2.8
2037:Evolution and biogeography
1989:
1875:
1861:
1753:
1739:
1690:
1688:
1544:
1530:
1466:
1452:
1374:
1360:
1321:c. 18–20 sp., Asia, Europe
1231:
1217:
1150:c. 27–30 sp., N hemisphere
1054:('t Hart) Ohba and Thiede
1037:
1023:
423:with about thirty genera.
3099:
2665:10.1134/S0026893309050112
2622:10.1134/S102279540606010X
2451:10.1007/978-3-642-55874-0
1985:
1944:Link, Klotzsch & Otto
909:
895:
888:
873:
859:
852:
818:
804:
797:
783:
776:
768:
754:
747:
733:
726:
724:Family Crassulaceae
606:
593:
586:
573:
566:
553:
546:
533:
526:
444:
370:
357:
350:
337:
330:
219:
212:
172:'t Hart Ohba and Thieded
167:
162:
152:
145:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
2773:10.1600/0363644041744329
2738:The Horticulture Journal
2435:Eggli, Urs, ed. (2003).
2428:
2303:Mayuzumi & Ohba 2004
2057:
1283:The second is the genus
1031:Hylotelephium spectabile
875:Aeonium (Tribe Aeoniae)
756:Subfamily Kalanchoideae
735:Subfamily Crassuloideae
241:is the largest of three
3061:"Crassulaceae Candolle"
2258:Messerschmid et al 2020
2183:Thiede & Eggli 2007
1890:, include 500 species.
1902:are non-monophyletic:
1872:
1750:
1541:
1463:
1371:
1228:
1114:of the genus, section
1034:
3075:Flora of China online
2897:Botanicheskii Zhurnal
2751:10.2503/hortj.OKD-087
2672:Grulich, Vit (1984).
1866:
1744:
1535:
1457:
1365:
1225:Umbilicus intermedius
1222:
1094:embedded within both
1028:
774:Telephium clade
271:in this subfamily is
2692:Hart, H. 't (1995).
1460:Sempervivum tectorum
1332:c. 10–12 sp., C Asia
1210:c. 1 sp., Madagascar
1194:c. 3–7 sp., Himalaya
1183:c. 5–15 sp, C-E Asia
40:Sempervivum tectorum
3209:Eudicot subfamilies
3022:10.3732/ajb.1300044
2712:Hart, H.'t (1997).
2479:. pp. 83–119.
1869:Echeveria agavoides
1722:belong to subgenus
1646:Webb & Berthel.
1628:Webb & Berthel.
1597:from three series (
1368:Petrosedum rupestre
1276:in Europe and some
498:Semperviveae (2/75)
430:
255:, with about 20–30
2823:Soltis, Douglas E.
2315:Nikulin et al 2015
2279:Nikulin et al 2016
2108:was classified as
1954:Britton & Rose
1873:
1813:Britton & Rose
1802:Britton & Rose
1751:
1747:Dudleya caespitosa
1670:10 sp. Macaronesia
1648:15 sp. Macaronesia
1542:
1479:Semperviveae have
1464:
1372:
1229:
1035:
820:Phedimus/Rhodiola
495:Umbiliceae (4/100)
426:
265:temperate climates
3191:
3190:
3093:Taxon identifiers
2827:Soltis, Pamela S.
2813:10.1002/tax.12316
2761:Systematic Botany
2652:Molecular Biology
2578:(Crassulaceae)".
2460:978-3-642-55874-0
2378:Soltis et al 2013
2135:1832: Botany 112.
2080:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1846:
1845:(A.Berger) H.Ohba
1835:
1825:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1734:form a subclade.
1698:
1680:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1629:
1550:
1522:
1511:
1474:
1445:
1401:
1353:
1342:
1331:
1320:
1310:
1239:
1234:Umbiliceae tribe
1204:
1203:(A.Berger) H.Ohba
1193:
1182:
1171:
1160:
1149:
1058:
1052:Telephieae tribe
1000:
999:
969:
968:
959:
958:
950:
949:
940:
939:
931:
930:
921:
920:
840:
839:
830:
829:
658:
657:
653:
652:
644:
643:
635:
634:
626:
625:
617:
616:
492:Telephieae (6/50)
486:
485:
404:
403:
399:
398:
390:
389:
381:
380:
277:, with about 470
236:
235:
230:
206:
198:
192:
184:
176:
141:
3216:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3088:
3087:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3033:
2995:
2985:
2972:
2959:
2926:
2904:
2903:(10): 1030–1040.
2887:
2870:
2852:
2817:
2815:
2792:
2755:
2753:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2668:
2645:
2635:
2625:
2607:
2597:
2570:
2545:
2517:
2490:
2464:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2186:
2180:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2133:
2117:
2103:
2097:
2087:
2081:
2079:Thiede ex Reveal
2078:
2071:
1973:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1844:
1833:
1823:
1812:
1801:
1790:
1756:Leucosedum clade
1694:
1678:
1667:
1656:
1645:
1634:
1627:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1520:
1509:
1470:
1443:
1397:
1377:Petrosedum clade
1351:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1308:
1235:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1172:c. 1 sp., E Asia
1169:
1158:
1147:
1070:). Defined by 5-
1053:
1021:
1020:
891:
890:
855:
854:
800:
799:
785:Tribe Telephiae
779:
778:
771:
770:
750:
749:
729:
728:
721:
720:
713:
712:
706:
705:
589:
588:
569:
568:
549:
548:
529:
528:
524:Sempervivoideae
521:
520:
511:
510:
431:
372:Sempervivoideae
353:
352:
333:
332:
325:
324:
315:
314:
226:
202:
196:
188:
180:
171:
137:
56:
55:
33:
24:Sempervivoideae
21:
20:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3131:Sempervivoideae
3129:
3128:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3101:Sempervivoideae
3095:
3085:
3080:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3047:
3040:
2983:
2977:Reveal, James L
2948:10.2307/3392995
2850:10.2307/2657129
2821:Mort, Mark E.;
2716:
2696:
2676:
2633:
2605:
2515:
2507:
2487:
2470:Kubitzki, Klaus
2461:
2431:
2425:
2420:
2414:Mort et al 2001
2412:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2327:Ohba et al 2000
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2264:
2256:
2219:
2211:
2204:
2198:Mort et al 2010
2196:
2189:
2181:
2154:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2116:by some authors
2104:
2100:
2095:Caryophyllaceae
2088:
2084:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2039:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1880:
1857:
1758:
1700:
1684:
1681:8 sp. NW Africa
1563:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1526:
1477:
1418:in this clade.
1379:
1356:
1241:
1213:
1161:2 sp., SW China
1060:
1042:
1040:Telephium clade
992:
979:
970:
960:
951:
941:
932:
922:
841:
831:
710:
709:
654:
645:
636:
627:
618:
501:Aeonieae (3/70)
429:
409:
400:
391:
382:
302:
287:
239:Sempervivoideae
158:
136:
134:Sempervivoideae
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3222:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3136:
3121:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3084:
3083:External links
3081:
3079:
3078:
3056:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3016:(5): 916–929.
2996:
2973:
2960:
2942:(4): 400–402.
2927:
2905:
2899:(in Russian).
2888:
2871:
2818:
2793:
2767:(3): 587–598.
2756:
2744:(1): 132–139.
2729:
2709:
2689:
2669:
2659:(5): 794–803.
2646:
2626:
2616:(6): 654–661.
2598:
2571:
2561:(2): 207–216.
2546:
2528:(1): 267–276.
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2486:978-3540322146
2485:
2465:
2459:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2262:
2217:
2202:
2187:
2152:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2098:
2082:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2038:
2035:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1925:
1915:
1904:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1837:
1826:
1816:
1805:
1794:
1782:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1736:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1671:
1660:
1659:1 sp. Ethiopia
1649:
1638:
1619:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1538:Aeonium aureum
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1513:
1501:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1333:
1322:
1311:
1300:
1280:in N America.
1240:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:incertae sedis
1195:
1184:
1173:
1162:
1151:
1139:
1116:Appendiculatae
1074:flowers, free
1059:
1050:
1041:
1038:
1036:
998:
997:
972:
971:
967:
966:
962:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:
943:
942:
938:
937:
934:
933:
929:
928:
924:
923:
919:
918:
914:
913:
908:
905:
904:
900:
899:
894:
889:
887:
883:
882:
878:
877:
872:
869:
868:
864:
863:
858:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
842:
838:
837:
833:
832:
828:
827:
823:
822:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
803:
798:
796:
792:
791:
788:
787:
782:
777:
775:
769:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
753:
748:
746:
743:
742:
738:
737:
732:
727:
725:
719:
716:
715:
701:
700:
693:
686:
679:
676:
669:
668:
665:
656:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
629:
628:
624:
623:
620:
619:
615:
614:
611:
610:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
587:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
572:
567:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
532:
527:
525:
519:
516:
515:
506:
505:
504:Sedeae (7/520)
502:
499:
496:
493:
484:
483:
480:
476:
475:
472:
468:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
452:
451:
447:
446:
443:
439:
438:
435:
427:
408:
405:
402:
401:
397:
396:
393:
392:
388:
387:
384:
383:
379:
378:
375:
374:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
359:Kalanchoideae
356:
351:
349:
346:
345:
342:
341:
339:Crassuloideae
336:
331:
329:
323:
320:
319:
301:
298:
286:
283:
267:. The largest
234:
233:
232:
231:
223:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:
207:
199:
193:
185:
177:
165:
164:
160:
159:
150:
149:
143:
142:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3221:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3076:
3063:. p. 202
3062:
3057:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3004:Soltis, P. S.
3001:
3000:Soltis, D. E.
2997:
2993:
2989:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2971:(4): 139–193.
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2806:: tax.12316.
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2339:Fu et al 2004
2335:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2132:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2047:Cladogram III
2044:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:Graptopetalum
1916:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1900:Graptopetalum
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:Mediterranean
1832:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1778:sister genera
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1697:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1491:a section of
1490:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:, including:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1199:Perrierosedum
1196:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1166:Meterostachys
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1144:Hylotelephium
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Meterostachys
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:Hylotelephium
1097:
1096:Meterostachys
1093:
1089:
1088:Hylotelephium
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:plesiomorphic
995:
990:
986:
982:
977:
974:
973:
964:
963:
955:
954:
945:
944:
936:
935:
926:
925:
916:
915:
912:
907:
906:
902:
901:
898:
893:
892:
885:
884:
880:
879:
876:
871:
870:
866:
865:
862:
857:
856:
850:
849:
845:
844:
835:
834:
825:
824:
821:
816:
815:
811:
810:
807:
802:
801:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
781:
780:
773:
772:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
752:
751:
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
731:
730:
723:
722:
718:
717:
711:Cladogram III
708:
707:
704:
698:
694:
691:
687:
684:
680:
677:
674:
673:
672:
666:
663:
662:
661:
649:
648:
640:
639:
631:
630:
622:
621:
613:
612:
609:
604:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:Semperviveae
591:
590:
584:
583:
580:
579:
576:
571:
570:
564:
563:
560:
559:
556:
551:
550:
544:
543:
540:
539:
536:
531:
530:
523:
522:
518:
517:
513:
512:
509:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
489:
481:
479:Hylotelephium
478:
477:
473:
470:
469:
466:Semperviveae
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
453:
449:
448:
441:
440:
436:
433:
432:
424:
422:
418:
414:
395:
394:
386:
385:
377:
376:
373:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
355:
354:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
335:
334:
328:Crassulaceae
327:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
313:
311:
307:
297:
295:
294:
282:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
240:
229:
224:
221:
220:
218:
215:
211:
205:
200:
194:
191:
187:Semperviveae
186:
183:
178:
175:
169:
168:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
148:
144:
140:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3204:Crassulaceae
3100:
3065:. Retrieved
3048:. Retrieved
3013:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2968:
2964:
2939:
2935:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2896:
2883:
2879:
2843:(1): 76–91.
2840:
2834:
2801:
2764:
2760:
2741:
2737:
2727:(2): 93–100.
2724:
2720:
2704:
2700:
2684:
2680:
2656:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2613:
2609:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2525:
2519:
2498:ResearchGate
2494:full text at
2491:
2474:
2437:
2423:Bibliography
2409:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2286:
2131:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2091:illegitimate
2085:
2077:: Aeonieae
2040:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:paraphyletic
2006:polyphyletic
2001:
1998:monophyletic
1995:
1968:
1958:
1950:Thompsonella
1948:
1938:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1867:
1851:
1839:
1828:
1818:
1807:
1796:
1785:
1776:, which are
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1745:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1712:paraphyletic
1707:
1701:
1673:
1662:
1653:Hypagophytum
1651:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:Monanthoidea
1598:
1594:
1591:Hypagophytum
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1549:Thiede ined.
1536:
1515:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1458:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1366:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1223:
1205:
1197:
1188:Sinocrassula
1186:
1175:
1164:
1153:
1142:
1136:
1132:Sinocrassula
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1104:Hylotelphium
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1068:Hylotelphium
1067:
1063:
1061:
1043:
1029:
1015:
1007:
1001:
993:
980:
975:
910:
896:
874:
860:
819:
805:
784:
755:
734:
702:
696:
689:
682:
670:
659:
607:
594:
574:
555:Umbilicieae
554:
534:
507:
487:
410:
407:Subdivisions
371:
358:
338:
303:
291:
288:
272:
253:Crassulaceae
247:Saxifragales
238:
237:
197:Thiede ined.
153:
133:
124:Crassulaceae
114:Saxifragales
97:
84:
71:
38:
18:
3166:iNaturalist
3125:Wikispecies
3050:5 September
2988:Phytoneuron
2917:: 218–229.
2644:(1): 40–46.
2390:Gallo 2017a
2148:Reveal 2012
2051:basal split
1940:Pachyphytum
1929:Lenophyllum
1820:Afrovivella
1791:(DC.) Stapf
1630:(including
1583:Macaronesia
1517:Sempervivum
1493:Sempervivum
1326:Pseudosedum
1254:Pseudosedum
911:Leucosedum
795:Umbiliceae
535:Telephieae
482:Telephieae
474:Umbiliceae
463:Sempervivum
450:Leucosedum
285:Description
243:subfamilies
179:Umbiliceae
170:Telephieae
155:Sempervivum
130:Subfamily:
91:Angiosperms
3198:Categories
2721:Lagascalia
2707:: 119–128.
2588:(2): 169.
2576:Petrosedum
2551:Petrosedum
2366:Gallo 2017
2124:References
2106:Petrosedum
1990:See also:
1878:Acre clade
1841:Prometheum
1830:Pistorinia
1510:(DC.) Opiz
1497:Petrosedum
1440:Petrosedum
1420:Petrosedum
1416:Petrosedum
1404:Petrosedum
1292:segregated
1177:Orostachys
1128:Orostachys
1108:Orostachys
1102:. Neither
1092:Orostachys
1012:Segregates
806:Umbilicus
697:Sedum p.p.
690:Sedum p.p.
683:Sedum p.p.
419:into five
417:segregated
225:Sedoideae
147:Type genus
3067:24 August
2781:0363-6445
2581:Phytotaxa
2476:Sabiaceae
2402:Hart 1997
2114:Rupestria
2075:authority
2026:Rupestria
1909:Echeveria
1896:Echeveria
1886:subgenus
1815:N America
1804:N America
1787:Rosularia
1716:Rosularia
1664:Monanthes
1642:Aichryson
1632:Greenovia
1611:Monanthes
1607:Pubescens
1579:Aichryson
1575:Monanthes
1567:Greenovia
1523:c. 46 sp.
1506:Jovibarba
1489:Jovibarba
1481:acuminate
1424:Rupestria
1395:Rupestria
1348:Umbilicus
1285:Umbilicus
575:Aeonieae
458:Aeonieae
310:cladogram
261:succulent
195:Aeonieae
61:Kingdom:
3178:VASCAN:
3116:Q3478470
3110:Wikidata
3038:Websites
3030:23629845
2994:: 1–221.
2979:(2012).
2886:: 69–86.
2867:11159129
2789:25063994
2701:Bocconea
2687:: 29–45.
2542:19482091
2505:Articles
2351:ICN 2019
1960:Villadia
1935:c. 7 sp.
1892:Villadia
1824:A.Berger
1766:Gormania
1724:Gormania
1657:A.Berger
1603:Caerulea
1512:c. 2 sp.
1399:A.Berger
1337:Rhodiola
1330:A.Berger
1315:Phedimus
1305:Aizopsis
1278:Rhodiola
1274:Rhodiola
1270:Phedimus
1266:Phedimus
1262:Aizopsis
1258:Rhodiola
1250:Rhodiola
1246:Phedimus
1192:A.Berger
1112:sections
1084:rhizomes
1078:, flat,
1046:polytomy
699:345 sp.)
692:120 sp.)
471:Rhodiola
300:Taxonomy
214:Synonyms
120:Family:
104:Eudicots
2956:3392995
2859:2657129
2681:Preslia
2472:(ed.).
2112:series
2024:series
1809:Sedella
1798:Dudleya
1774:Sedella
1770:Dudleya
1732:Sedella
1728:Dudleya
1693:Sedeae
1624:Aeonium
1615:Aeonium
1571:Aeonium
1472:Dumort.
1444:Grulich
1410:series
1393:series
1383:plastid
1309:Grulich
1080:dentate
985:plastid
886:Sedeae
608:Sedeae
455:Aeonium
445:Sedeae
306:synonym
279:species
245:in the
201:Sedeae
190:Dumort.
163:Tribes
110:Order:
65:Plantae
3171:889256
3145:600706
3077:vol. 8
3028:
2954:
2865:
2857:
2787:
2779:
2555:Webbia
2540:
2483:
2457:
1986:Genera
1764:subg.
1704:sister
1554:": -->
1428:Levant
1406:, but
1237:Meisn.
1181:Fisch.
1159:K.T.Fu
1155:Kungia
1148:H.Ohba
1124:Kungia
1076:petals
1072:merous
927:Tribe
917:Clade
903:Clade
881:Clade
867:Clade
836:Tribe
826:Clade
812:Clade
685:8 sp.)
437:Tribe
421:tribes
413:clades
257:genera
250:family
228:Berger
222:Sedeae
182:Meisn.
3073:, in
2984:(PDF)
2952:JSTOR
2936:Novon
2911:Flora
2855:JSTOR
2803:Taxon
2785:JSTOR
2717:(PDF)
2697:(PDF)
2677:(PDF)
2634:(PDF)
2606:(PDF)
2516:(PDF)
2429:Books
2110:Sedum
2058:Notes
2031:Sedum
2022:Sedum
2018:Sedum
2014:Sedum
2002:Sedum
1970:Sedum
1888:Sedum
1884:Sedum
1852:Sedum
1762:Sedum
1720:Sedum
1708:Sedum
1675:Sedum
1595:Sedum
1587:Sedum
1485:Sedum
1408:Sedum
1391:Sedum
1296:Sedum
1294:from
1170:Nakai
1064:Sedum
1056:ined.
1016:Sedum
1008:Sedum
976:Notes
897:Acre
434:Clade
293:Sedum
274:Sedum
269:genus
259:with
174:ined.
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
3140:BOLD
3069:2019
3052:2019
3026:PMID
2863:PMID
2777:ISSN
2538:PMID
2481:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2008:(or
1964:Rose
1933:Rose
1923:Rose
1898:and
1730:and
1668:Haw.
1635:Webb
1613:and
1577:and
1556:edit
1432:Nana
1412:Nana
1319:Raf.
1272:and
1252:and
1106:nor
1098:and
965:100
442:Acre
411:Six
3181:347
3158:KBM
3153:CoL
3018:doi
3014:100
2944:doi
2919:doi
2915:224
2901:100
2845:doi
2808:doi
2769:doi
2746:doi
2661:doi
2618:doi
2590:doi
2586:306
2563:doi
2530:doi
2447:doi
2043:mya
1913:DC.
1834:DC.
1696:Fr.
1352:DC.
1014:of
846:66
762:71
741:82
204:Fr.
139:Arn
3200::
3168::
3155::
3142::
3127::
3112::
3024:.
3012:.
2992:37
2990:.
2986:.
2969:12
2967:.
2950:.
2940:10
2938:.
2934:.
2913:.
2895:.
2882:.
2878:.
2861:.
2853:.
2841:88
2839:.
2833:.
2825:;
2800:.
2783:.
2775:.
2765:29
2763:.
2742:87
2740:.
2736:.
2723:.
2719:.
2703:.
2699:.
2685:56
2683:.
2679:.
2657:43
2655:.
2640:.
2636:.
2614:42
2612:.
2608:.
2584:.
2559:72
2557:.
2536:.
2526:53
2524:.
2518:.
2453:.
2445:.
2441:.
2358:^
2265:^
2220:^
2205:^
2190:^
2155:^
2140:^
2066:^
1974:L.
1894:,
1772:,
1679:L.
1605:,
1601:,
1573:,
1569:,
1521:L.
1341:L.
1248:,
1134:.
1122:.
1010:.
994:II
296:.
281:.
100::
87::
74::
3071:.
3054:.
3032:.
3020::
2958:.
2946::
2925:.
2921::
2884:3
2869:.
2847::
2816:.
2810::
2791:.
2771::
2754:.
2748::
2725:1
2705:5
2667:.
2663::
2642:1
2624:.
2620::
2596:.
2592::
2569:.
2565::
2544:.
2532::
2500:)
2492:(
2489:.
2463:.
2449::
2416:.
2404:.
2392:.
2380:.
2368:.
2353:.
2341:.
2329:.
2317:.
2305:.
2293:.
2281:.
2260:.
2215:.
2200:.
2185:.
2150:.
1854:)
1850:(
1560:]
1475:)
981:I
978::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
