1117:
81:, a seneschal was in charge of domestic arrangements and the administration of servants, which, in the medieval period particularly, meant the seneschal might oversee hundreds of laborers, servants and their associated responsibilities, and have a great deal of power in the community, at a time when much of the local economy was often based on the wealth and responsibilities of such a household.
573:
Towards noon each day, the
Cardinal's gentlemen proceeded to his house and conveyed his dinner to the Vatican in a state coach. They were accompanied by an officer, known as the Seneschal Dapifer, who was charged with the very important duty of seeing that the Cardinal's food was not poisoned! ...
578:
of the
Cardinal. The Seneschal Dapifer, bearing a serviette on his shoulder, preceded the dishes.... Before the Cardinal received his dinner, each dish underwent a careful inspection by the prelates on guard, in order that no letter should be concealed in
568:
during the election of a new Pope, to see to mealtimes for the cardinal electors while ensuring secrecy. Cardinals regularly had meals sent in from their homes with much pageantry accompanying the conveyance of food:
57:) can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a
146:) was an officer in the household of later Anglo-Saxon kings, and it is sometimes translated by historians as seneschal, although the term was not used in England before the
713:
574:
The dishes were enclosed in hampers or tin boxes, covered with green or violet drapery, and ... were carried in state through the entrance halls, preceded by the
854:
401:. The seneschals also served as the chief justice of the royal courts of appeal in their areas and were occasionally seconded by vice-seneschals.
522:
143:
1143:
591:
701:
1153:
877:
125:
In the United
Kingdom the modern meaning of seneschal is primarily as an ecclesiastical term, referring to a cathedral official.
801:
1158:
1076:
1003:
609:
1148:
104:) was also a royal officer in charge of justice and control of the administration of certain southern provinces called
976:
949:
922:
473:
1121:
912:
939:
465:
367:, the seneschal was originally a royal steward overseeing the entire country but developed into an agent of the
667:
1163:
1095:
556:
The
Seneschal of Sark presides over the Court of the Seneschal, which hears civil and some criminal cases.
1069:
The
Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120–1310)
966:
663:
542:) were nobles who served at royal feasts. The term is often translated by historians as "seneschal".
494:
360:
85:
604:
758:
381:
745:. Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 HarperCollins Publishers
1102:
348:
911:
897:
1138:
938:
673:
154:
477:
329:), from the 5th century on, personally attended on the king, as specifically stated in the
8:
994:(2014). "Thegn". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).
528:
398:
364:
89:
66:
822:
802:"Butlers and dish-bearers in Anglo-Saxon courts: household officers at the royal table"
657:
483:
446:
331:
1072:
999:
782:
450:
397:
states that the first seneschals to govern in this manner did so by an 1190 edict of
234:
93:
58:
564:
Formerly, officers known as
Seneschal Dapifers were involved in the ceremony of the
965:
774:
461:
70:
28:
637:
587:
575:
376:
368:
344:
273:
196:
180:
147:
97:
78:
1045:
971:
944:
917:
653:
590:, seneschal was the title used by the second-in-command of the Order after the
565:
532:
136:
778:
738:
726:
632:, another Germanic-rooted title of command over a jurisdiction, derived from "
1132:
786:
613:
991:
509:
469:
394:
263:
239:
647:
315:
282:
62:
1116:
998:(2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. p. 460.
765:: the Family, Career and Connections of Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia".
472:, and Keeper of the Archbishopric of Canterbury, and shortly to become
290:) whose members also had duties in their lord's household like a royal
221:
583:
These ceremonies have not been observed since the nineteenth century.
894:
De
Antiquis Legibus Liber. Cronica Maiorum et Vicecomitum Londiniarum
843:(Harvard UP, 1915; reprint Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 1999), 33–34.
624:
551:
498:
426:
419:
386:
295:
259:
161:
74:
1046:"How the Pope is Elected: A Popular Account of the Conclave at Rome"
742:
310:
304:
276:
183:
502:
390:
385:), one of the districts of the crown lands in Gascony, Aquitaine,
643:
629:
619:
405:
291:
109:
324:
318:
285:
953:. Vol. 18. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 309–310.
677:
512:, an English knight, was appointed seneschal of Poitou in 1369.
487:
412:
404:
The equivalent post throughout most of northern France was the
217:
116:
351:, and in both cases the seneschal is synonymous with steward.
49:
714:
Encyclopaedia
Perthensis; or Universal Dictionary of the Arts
633:
171:
1019:
926:. Vol. 18. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 311.
896:, Camden Society, Series I no. 34 (London 1846), Appendix,
43:
37:
980:. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 43.
46:
153:
The term, first attested in 1350–1400, was borrowed from
343:). The warband, once sedentary, became first the king's
996:
The Wiley
Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
841:
Commentary to the
Germanic Laws and Mediaeval Documents
242:
referred to the imperial guard, divided into senior (
61:
within a royal, ducal, or noble household during the
40:
34:
1024:
Official Site for The Court of the Seneschal of Sark
211:
205:
199:
84:
A second meaning is more specific, and concerns the
31:
476:, is referred to as "our Seneschal" in Letters of
258:were merged or replaced with the Germanic king's
254:. When Germanic tribes took over the Empire, the
108:, holding a role equivalent to a northern French
1130:
855:Language and history in the early Germanic world
497:, an English knight, was appointed seneschal of
486:, an English knight, was appointed seneschal of
294:. The king's chief warbandman and retainer (cf.
523:Dish-bearers and butlers in Anglo-Saxon England
298:
250:) units. The captain of the guard was known as
164:
936:
909:
424:
410:
189:
114:
266:
224:
174:
1071:. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 3–4.
753:
751:
436:William de Gometz was Seneschal of France
937:Fotheringham, James Gainsborough (1889).
910:Fotheringham, James Gainsborough (1889).
858:(Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 110–112.
516:
77:of a medieval great house. In a medieval
1066:
757:
646:, a legendary seneschal in the court of
799:
748:
612:in charge of the Royal Household (the "
1131:
1043:
1037:
990:
464:, then member of the King's Council,
16:Court position appointed by a monarch
823:"Seneschal definition & meaning"
610:Great Officer of the Crown of France
963:
13:
702:Oxford University Press: Seneschal
14:
1175:
1144:Court titles in the Ancien Régime
1110:
371:charged with administration of a
1115:
977:Dictionary of National Biography
950:Dictionary of National Biography
923:Dictionary of National Biography
913:"Felton, William (d.1367)"
656:, 13th-century Seneschal of the
474:Constable of the Tower of London
27:
1089:
1060:
1012:
984:
957:
940:"Felton, Thomas (d.1381)"
930:
903:
886:
870:
861:
466:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
170:"senior retainer" (attested in
846:
833:
815:
793:
732:
727:The Free Dictionary: Seneschal
720:
706:
695:
1:
1120:The dictionary definition of
1020:"About the Seneschal's Court"
683:
437:
1159:Historical legal occupations
1154:Offices in the Ancien Régime
688:
354:
212:
206:
200:
7:
1101:This entry is in part from
1044:Wintle, W. J. (June 1903).
597:
10:
1180:
674:Kingdom of Alba Seneschals
666:, Seneschal of Tipperary,
549:
545:
520:
1067:Burgtorf, Jochen (2008).
779:10.1017/S0263675100003240
763:Princeps Merciorum Gentis
559:
501:in 1362 and seneschal of
130:
96:, wherein the seneschal (
1149:Law of the Ancien Régime
717:Volume 20 (1816), p. 437
457:Under rulers of England
216:"servant", ultimately a
800:Gautier, Alban (2017).
349:great officers of state
325:
319:
311:
305:
299:
286:
277:
191:
184:
166:
605:Grand maître de France
581:
517:In Anglo-Saxon England
425:
411:
380:
268:
225:
175:
115:
101:
967:"Chandos, John"
571:
552:Sark § Seneschal
449:was seneschal to two
1164:Obsolete occupations
1103:Webster's Dictionary
964:Lee, Sidney (1887).
892:T. Stapleton (ed.),
339:VI. 13. 1; known as
827:merriam-webster.com
809:Historical Research
767:Anglo-Saxon England
529:Anglo-Saxon England
365:early modern France
67:early Modern period
658:Kingdom of Gwynedd
484:Sir William Felton
447:Osbern the Steward
332:Codex Theodosianus
1078:978-90-04-16660-8
1005:978-0-470-65632-7
531:dish-bearers (in
480:of December 1239.
451:dukes of Normandy
418:), who oversaw a
188:), a compound of
69:– historically a
59:court appointment
1171:
1119:
1083:
1082:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1016:
1010:
1009:
988:
982:
981:
969:
961:
955:
954:
942:
934:
928:
927:
915:
907:
901:
890:
884:
882:
874:
868:
865:
859:
850:
844:
837:
831:
830:
819:
813:
812:
806:
797:
791:
790:
755:
746:
736:
730:
724:
718:
710:
704:
699:
462:Bertram de Criol
442:
439:
430:
416:
328:
322:
314:
308:
302:
289:
280:
271:
229:"senior guard".
228:
226:senior scholaris
215:
209:
203:
194:
187:
178:
169:
160:"steward", from
120:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
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1168:
1129:
1128:
1113:
1096:EtymologyOnline
1092:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1065:
1061:
1056:: 569, 572–574.
1050:London Magazine
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
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1006:
989:
985:
972:Stephen, Leslie
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935:
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918:Stephen, Leslie
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756:
749:
743:Free Dictionary
737:
733:
725:
721:
711:
707:
700:
696:
691:
686:
664:Barons Dunboyne
600:
588:Knights Templar
562:
554:
548:
525:
519:
468:, Constable of
440:
357:
347:, and then his
345:royal household
252:comes scholarum
181:Old High German
148:Norman Conquest
133:
79:royal household
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
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1146:
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1126:at Wiktionary
1112:
1111:External links
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550:Main article:
547:
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533:Medieval Latin
521:Main article:
518:
515:
514:
513:
506:
491:
481:
478:King Henry III
455:
454:
444:
441: AD 1000
356:
353:
246:) and junior (
210:"oldest") and
137:Medieval Latin
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773:: 148 n. 29.
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1139:Court titles
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1100:
1090:Bibliography
1068:
1062:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
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840:
839:Leo Wiener,
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592:Grand Master
585:
582:
572:
563:
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539:
535:
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510:John Chandos
470:Dover Castle
456:
423:
409:
403:
382:sénéchaussée
372:
358:
340:
336:
330:
264:Vulgar Latin
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:Roman Empire
238:in the late
233:
231:
157:
155:Anglo-Norman
152:
139:
134:
127:
124:
113:
105:
90:early modern
83:
21:
20:
18:
867:Wiener, 34.
739:"seneschal"
676:, Scottish
648:King Arthur
373:seneschalty
337:Cod. Theod.
326:dryhtealdor
283:Old English
176:siniscalcus
144:dish-bearer
63:Middle Ages
1133:Categories
1029:23 January
898:pp. 237-38
684:References
312:truhtigomo
222:Late Latin
179:(692 AD),
92:nation of
1123:seneschal
787:0263-6751
761:(1982). "
689:Citations
625:Majordomo
499:Aquitaine
427:bailliage
420:bailiwick
399:Philip II
387:Languedoc
355:In France
320:dryhtguma
296:Old Saxon
185:senescalh
167:siniscalc
162:Old Dutch
158:seneschal
75:majordomo
22:seneschal
19:The word
741:Via the
598:See also
536:discifer
505:in 1372.
503:Bordeaux
490:in 1360.
391:Normandy
335:of 413 (
306:truhting
300:druhting
248:juniores
244:seniores
140:discifer
102:sénéchal
974:(ed.).
947:(ed.).
920:(ed.).
678:Steward
668:Ireland
644:Sir Kay
636:" and "
630:Sheriff
620:Marshal
586:In the
546:In Sark
540:dapifer
406:bailiff
292:retinue
269:dructis
260:warband
256:scholae
235:scholae
207:sinista
204:"old",
201:sineigs
195:- (cf.
110:bailiff
71:steward
1105:(1913)
1075:
1002:
785:
608:– the
560:Papacy
488:Poitou
413:bailli
395:Hallam
377:French
303:, OHG
218:calque
197:Gothic
131:Origin
117:bailli
98:French
94:France
970:. In
943:. In
916:. In
805:(PDF)
638:reeve
634:shire
369:crown
287:dryht
278:truht
267:*
262:(cf.
213:scalc
190:*
172:Latin
165:*
1073:ISBN
1031:2023
1000:ISBN
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783:ISSN
576:mace
508:Sir
493:Sir
389:and
363:and
232:The
192:sini
135:The
88:and
65:and
775:doi
579:it.
538:or
527:In
432:).
359:In
274:OHG
220:of
122:).
73:or
1135::
1054:10
1052:.
1048:.
1022:.
825:.
807:.
781:.
771:10
769:.
750:^
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594:.
438:c.
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379::
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316:OE
309:,
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100::
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1081:.
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1008:.
900:.
883:.
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789:.
777::
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660:.
650:.
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