403:
84:
147:
43:
383:. It has been argued that legislators have an incentive to enact tougher sentences than even they would like to see applied to the typical defendant since they recognize that the blame for an inadequate sentencing range to handle a particularly egregious crime would fall upon legislators, but the blame for excessive punishments would fall upon prosecutors.
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of the trial court. However, in some jurisdictions, prosecutors have great influence over the punishments actually handed down, by virtue of their discretion to decide what offenses to charge the offender with and what facts they will seek to prove or to ask the defendant to stipulate to in a
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Even a definitive sentence can be annulled in exceptional circumstances, usually predetermined within the jurisdiction in question. Most such cases arise from irregularities found in the judicial process after sentence has been passed. The most extreme examples arise in
819:
to which the case is admitted becomes the definitive sentence. The sentence usually has to be publicly announced; and, in most jurisdictions, has to be justified through an explanation of the juridical reflections and evaluations that lie behind it.
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has specified that in cases involving those over 18, courts should have regard to punishment of the offenders retribution, deterrence, reform and rehabilitation, protection of the public, and reparation to persons affected by their offences.
811:, and which aspects might be breaches of which specific legislation. Depending on jurisdiction, the stages leading up to the sentence may vary, and the sentence may be challenged by both parties up to a given degree of
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or body of judges is called upon to express their evaluation. It can therefore be issued in practically any field of law requiring a function of evaluation of something by a judge or judging body.
394:
law may subject a defendant to a significant increase in their sentence if they commit a third offence of a certain kind. This makes it difficult for fine gradations in punishments to be achieved.
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Usually, the sentence comes at the end of a process in which the presiding judge or judges have been enabled to evaluate whether the conduct in question complies or does not comply with the
581:
The sentence meted out depends on the philosophical principle used by the court and what the legal system regards as the purpose of punishment. The most common purposes of sentencing are:
564:, sentence that impose a determined action or a series of action as a penalty for the illegal act. This kind of sentence became better developed and remained in wider use in
835:
legislation, the definitive sentence is unique, in the sense that (except for appeal hearings) no individual can be judged or sentenced more than once for the same actions.
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If a sentence is reduced to a less harsh punishment, then the sentence is said to have been mitigated or commuted. Rarely, depending on circumstances,
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361:
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charges. However, in certain legal systems, a defendant may be punished beyond the terms of the sentence, through phenomena including
845:
The sentence is typically determined by a judge and/or jury, and is issued in the name or on behalf of the superior authority of the
868:
1085:
309:, in which the period of imprisonment is the sum of all sentences served one after the other. Additional sentences include
211:
386:
Sentencing law sometimes includes cliffs that result in much stiffer penalties when certain facts apply. For instance, an
828:, when conclusive proof of innocence comes to light after sentence has been passed, leading to the sentence's annulment.
548:, also for other meanings condemnation. The sentences of condemnation are also classified by the penalty they determine:
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the issuing body, typically a monocratic judge or a court, or other figures that receive a legitimation by the system.
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often mandate the minimum and maximum imprisonment terms to imposed upon an offender, which is then left to the
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Offender is made incapable of committing further crime to protect society at large from crime.
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Punishment imposed for no reason other than an offense being committed, on the basis that if
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936:'s recent cases require an examination of the maximum sentence possible under the state's
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In modern Latin systems, the sentence is mainly the final act of any procedure in which a
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generally specify the highest penalties that may be imposed for certain offenses, and
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2004) ("In ordinary usage, 'imprisonment' generally means physical confinement.");
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the jurisdiction and the legal competence single judges, courts,
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Society expressing its disapproval reinforcing moral boundaries
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The individual is deterred through fear of further punishment.
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in both civil and penal trials, as well as the decision of the
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sentences of mere clearance, of condemnation, of constitution.
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deal primarily with the United
Kingdom and do not represent a
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the legal field, or kind of action, or system it refers to:
321:, which is fixed on a number of days, months, or years; and
928:, p.20-21 & n.4 (9th Cir. Jan. 10, 2019) (stating that
815:. If appealed against, the sentence issued by the highest
1064:, vol. 117, Harvard Law Review, pp. 2548–2569
503:, meant as the various degrees of judgement and appeal.
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Plea
Bargaining and Criminal Law's Disappearing Shadow
442:. Finally, it might also refer to the decision of the
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The earliest use of the term with this meaning was in
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to be free for about 8 hours a day for work purposes;
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on a given question, expressed in written or in oral
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The general public are warned of likely punishment.
171:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
30:"Sentencing" redirects here. For the episode, see
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469:Sentences are variously classified depending on
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476:civil, penal, administrative, canon, sentence.
91:The examples and perspective in this article
648:Sentence must be proportionate to the crime
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362:collateral consequences of criminal charges
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1103:Sentencing (Directgov, England and Wales)
794:In England and Wales, section 142 of the
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
869:Criminal sentencing in the United States
430:. It might also refer to the opinion of
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1076:"Criminal Justice Act: Section 142"
838:In many jurisdictions, sentences are a
345:until the total sentence is completed.
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420:, where it indicated the opinion of a
775:Repayment to victims or to community
352:charges are mitigated and reduced to
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714:Reflects blameworthiness of offense
411:United States Department of Justice
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752:To reform the offender's behavior
333:followed by street time period of
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922:United States v. Valencia-Mendoza
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52:This article has multiple issues.
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27:Decree of punishment in law
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879:Incapacitation (penology)
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388:armed career criminal
372:sentencing guidelines
32:Sentencing (The Wire)
938:mandatory sentencing
884:Sentencing disparity
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307:consecutive sentence
165:improve this article
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
946:23 I&N Dec. 849
509:partial, cautelar,
303:concurrent sentence
180:"Sentence" law
1081:legislation.gov.uk
786:Reparation schemes
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905:References
771:Reparation
681:of others
679:Deterrence
656:Deterrence
612:Reparation
591:Deterrence
566:common law
376:discretion
327:bifurcated
283:conviction
271:punishment
191:newspapers
57:improve it
18:Sentencing
1016:22 U.S.C.
528:absolutio
489:tribunals
418:Roman law
343:probation
221:July 2007
107:talk page
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568:systems.
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