4071:
929:", described as a method to coordinate multiple discrete sensor systems to optimize real-time monitoring over large areas from multiple systems; coordinating in effect multiple satellites to hand off and coordinate tracking of targets as the target leaves the area of one set of satellites and enters new areas. A principle purpose of the Sentient system is described by the NRO as compiling at machine, versus human speed, synthesis of complex distributed data sources for rapid analysis faster than humans can manage.
952:" to aid intelligence collection. Cardillo summarized Sentient in 2017 as "...a research and development effort, conducted jointly with NRO, to experiment with automation that ingests data, makes sense of it in the context of an intelligence problem, and then infers likely future intelligence and collection needs... The approach is to continue to introduce automation in the processing arena that will support automated inferencing, and therefore, faster tasking for future collections."
25:
1081:"The NRO has not said much about Sentient publicly because it is a classified program and NRO rarely appears before Congress in open hearings. It ingests high volumes of data and processes it. Sentient catalogs normal patterns, detects anomalies, and helps forecast and model adversaries’ potential courses of action. Sentient is a thinking system. Sentient aims to help analysts ‘connect the dots’ in a large volume of data."
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1101:, Sapp said of Sentient, "The ground needs to be a very capable orchestrator to realize the full potential of multi-INT overhead space architecture," and that Sentient will 'will allow NRO to be not only responsive, but also predictive, with where it aims spaceborne assets.' In 2016, Sapp discussed the application of using
896:. Official NRO documents from 2012, declassified in 2019, describe it as "an on-going Research and Development (R&D) program, which is managed and operates out of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)". NRO documents detail the Sentient program was in some form of initial development from 2013 through 2016.
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as "...a 'thinking' system that allows automated, multi-intelligence tipping and cueing at machine speeds-has been focused against many of our most challenging mission sets, resulting in new intelligence information that human-in-the-loop systems would have missed. Our Future Ground
Architecture will
1024:
analyst Allen
Thomson stated, "As I understand it, the intended — and aspirational — answer is ‘everything,’" and said that in "addition to images, that could include financial data, weather information, shipping stats, information from Google searches, records of pharmaceutical purchases, and more."
908:
Sentient collects vast amounts of complex information, buried in noisy data, and extrapolates the relevant pieces. What once required teams of analysts now uses automation to speed the information flow, enabling quicker, well-informed decisions. Analysts can focus on situational understanding instead
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in 2016 summarized a major benefit of
Sentient as allowing humans performing intelligence analysis to focus on the "so what?" aspect of analysis, while the Sentient automation would handle the details of "what", as automation may be better suited for the data collection role. Writing for Grey
1070:, also known as unidentified anomalous phenomena or unidentified flying objects. In June 2022, the NRO declassified and released two unique and redacted reports on Sentient activities related to a UAP sighting of what was described as a "tic tac" shape, and other successes at detecting UAP.
1006:
described
Sentient as “an omnivorous analysis tool, capable of devouring data of all sorts, making sense of the past and present, anticipating the future, and pointing satellites toward what it determines will be the most interesting parts of that future.” Quoted in
937:
Dynamics and analyzing NRO declassified collateral, Alec Smith noted
Sentient's ability to increase "situational awareness based on observed activity and historical intelligence to model and anticipate potential courses of actions of adversaries".
1097:
leverage
Sentient, and create an integrated cloud-based enterprise that will share tasking and intelligence products quickly across each of our ground sites, increasing both performance and resilience. At the 2013 GEOINT Symposium held by the
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and the
Project on Government Secrecy, said of Sentient, "It could include electronic intercepts of international communications; it could include prior imagery; it could include human sources." In the same report, retired
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According to Sapp, the NRO has been asked to give more demonstrations to observe
Sentient and its capabilities in demonstrations to the defense and intelligence communities than 'any other capability since the
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of other nations. It is also enables users to quickly focus on almost any point of the globe to rapidly respond to emerging situations or to monitor ongoing events. The NRO provides direct support to the
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1056:(ATR) can remove human limitations from time-sensitive intelligence analysis, highlighting that past behavioral and tactical patterns interpreted by these systems can forecast similar future actions.
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Alkire, Brien; Tingstad, Abbie; Benedetti, Dale; Cordova, Amado; Danescu, Irina Elena; Fry, William; George, D. Scott; Hanser, Lawrence M.; Menthe, Lance; Nemeth, Erik (2010-10-20).
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of sifting through data-working smarter, not harder. Sentient will continue to investigate various alerting schemes and tasking methodologies for improving overall employment of
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Known public records of
Sentients development programs and process date from 2009-2010 onward. NRO emails from 2021 disclosed that the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (
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activities requiring near real-time situational awareness and sustained high resolution/high sensitivity collection capability 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-per-week.
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The US is arguably more reliant on overhead collection than ever before. To a large extent, satellite reconnaissance is the foundation for global
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by Wege and Mobley, they compared the NRO's
Sentient program to the commercial Blacksky Global geospatial intelligence service offered by
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collection of intelligence data. Their areas of focus were detailed as monitoring any target across wide areas on-demand, including new
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The program architecture was developed to demonstrate advanced technologies and techniques to revolutionize the then current
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to track in real time any objects detected or photographed, and to automatically repurpose with artificial intelligence and
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The Fragile Dictator: Counterintelligence Pathologies in Authoritarian States, Lexington Books, Bloomsbury Publishing
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Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, or UAPTF (later renamed the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, or AARO)
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United States Air Force's Air Force Research Laboratory Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
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The National Reconnaissance Office revealed in 2022 that the Sentient program had involvement with the
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associated with its hardware are not and present a weak point for the PRC to exploit. Before the
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The earliest known public references to Sentient date to 2010, when the NRO put forward a public
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822:(research and development) goals of its Advanced Systems and Technology Directorate related to
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1878:"Tip and Cue Technique for Efficient Near Real-Time Satellite Monitoring of Moving Objects"
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974:. Kumar described the scenario as, "While the Sentient program itself may be secure, the
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Space/satellite based AI intelligence analysis system developed by the U.S. government.
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In 2019, a declassified National Reconnaissance Office document detailed Sentient as:
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1663:"National Intelligence Program, FY 2010 Congressional Budget Justification Volume IV"
1482:"National Intelligence Program, FY 2010 Congressional Budget Justification Volume IV"
1438:"National Intelligence Program, FY 2010 Congressional Budget Justification Volume IV"
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Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
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914:
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1793:"Leveraging the Past to Prepare for the Future of Air Force Intelligence Analysis"
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Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment & Logistics)
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to provide persistent and responsive collection; and it does so without risk to
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the tracking of targets, and to even decide which targets are worth tracking.
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Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management & Comptroller)
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Military-Age Males in Counterinsurgency and Drone Warfare, Palgrave Macmillan
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1027:
The Fragile Dictator: Counterintelligence Pathologies in Authoritarian States
917:, Sentient will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of NTM collections.
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Available information describes it as a complex automated system that allows
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Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment
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systems for NRO work, which were tested as part of the Sentient program.
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisitions)
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Financial Management and Comptroller)
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Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower & Reserve Affairs)
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United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
1835:"Director National Reconnaissance Office, Statement for the Record"
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United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
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NRO Office of Public Affairs official Karen Furgerson reported to
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Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Installations and Environment)
1954:"The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO): Watching From Above"
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Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
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Assistant Secretary for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology
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2174:"NRO planning shift to smaller satellites, new ground system"
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769:(AARO), was involved with the NRO and the Sentient program.
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1987:"How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love our Crowded Skies"
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across the Intelligence Community (IC). Sentient utilizes "
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Non-combat military operations involving the United States
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Assistant Secretary (Financial Management and Comptroller)
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from 2012 to 2019, described the Sentient program to the
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Military-Age Males in Counterinsurgency and Drone Warfare
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Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs
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2008:
1246:"Meet the US's spy system of the future — it's Sentient"
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United States Department of Energy National Laboratories
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Counterintelligence and counter-terrorism organizations
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Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association
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Captain Anjanay Kumar proposed in 2021 that should the
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Defense Activity for Non-Traditional Education Support
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National Museum of Intelligence and Special Operations
1947:
1945:
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on the concepts that would become Sentient, including
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4035:
Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense
3801:
Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center
3689:(including defense agencies and DoD field activities)
2127:
1121:
Declassified government documents have detailed that
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Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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them; increasing performance for collection against
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1942:
1520:
1518:
1116:
4402:General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force
4382:Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition)
3480:Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System
3966:National Security Agency/Central Security Service
2267:National Reconnaissance Office satellite launches
4728:
3389:Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
3374:National Counterintelligence and Security Center
2143:United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation
1515:
1099:United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation
3941:Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
3465:Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
2020:"The U.S. Joint Force's Defeat before Conflict"
1618:"Sentient Enterprise (Request for Information)"
1125:stakeholders involved in Sentient include the:
4300:Organization of the United States Marine Corps
3896:Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute
3326:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
2068:Wege, Carl A.; Mobley, Blake W. (2023-10-24).
1090:Director of the National Reconnaissance Office
3620:
3057:
2575:
2251:
1628:sam.gov (formerly fbo.gov), on behalf of the
1574:"NRO Official declassified release June 2022"
818:The NRO continued to explain to Congress the
810:, deployed military forces, and other IC and
674:
4016:General Counsel of the Department of Defense
3997:American Forces Radio and Television Service
3379:Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center
3280:DEA Office of National Security Intelligence
2053:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
777:A later declassified May 2009 report to the
58:"Sentient" intelligence analysis system
3905:Defense Civilian Personnel Advisory Service
3523:Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
3460:Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
3170:
2589:
2094:
4552:Alternate National Military Command Center
4522:Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
4407:Air Force Office of Special Investigations
3719:Special Access Program Oversight Committee
3627:
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3064:
3050:
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2568:
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1052:that Sentient and comparable systems like
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4777:National Reconnaissance Office satellites
4747:Government databases in the United States
4659:
4503:
3787:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
994:will attack the servers and causes their
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4281:Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
4083:
3881:Department of Defense Education Activity
3843:Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
3554:Contingency Fund for Foreign Intercourse
3128:National Center for Medical Intelligence
2203:
1984:
1064:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force
127:
4527:Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman
4305:Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
3956:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
3833:Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee
3518:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
3429:President's Intelligence Advisory Board
3140:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
2996:Scientific & Technical intelligence
2029:Federal government of the United States
1921:Federal government of the United States
1760:Federal government of the United States
1716:Federal government of the United States
1675:Federal government of the United States
1634:Federal government of the United States
1586:Federal government of the United States
1538:Federal government of the United States
1494:Federal government of the United States
1450:Federal government of the United States
1406:Federal government of the United States
1356:Federal government of the United States
1306:Federal government of the United States
1143:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
1111:beginning of the organization’s history
970:, Sentient would be a likely target of
946:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
4729:
4712:Defense Criminal Investigative Service
4579:
4425:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
4319:Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
3856:Defense Finance and Accounting Service
3180:Army Intelligence and Security Command
2100:
2018:Kumar, Captain, Anjanay (2021-04-19).
1344:Recent Sentient Highlights 6 May 2021"
1243:
45:Please improve this article by adding
4807:United States intelligence operations
4698:
4658:
4578:
4517:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
4502:
4082:
3815:Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
3682:
3608:
3533:Information Security Oversight Office
3268:Directorate of Science and Technology
3123:Missile and Space Intelligence Center
3045:
2563:
2239:
2171:
2017:
1951:
1291:
1287:
4532:Joint Requirements Oversight Council
4420:Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force
4263:Naval Criminal Investigative Service
3797:Defense Technical Information Center
3470:National Security Division (Justice)
3394:Joint Intelligence Community Council
3369:National Counterproliferation Center
3073:United States Intelligence Community
2818:By alliances, nations and industries
1832:
1802:Defense Technical Information Center
1162:All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office
1066:(UAPTF) in tracking and research of
1061:United States Department of Defenses
767:All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office
711:United States Intelligence Community
18:
4762:Mass intelligence-gathering systems
4348:Structure of the United States Navy
4199:Structure of the United States Army
4125:Assistant Secretary for Civil Works
3823:Defense Security Cooperation Agency
3636:United States Department of Defense
3314:Office of Intelligence and Analysis
3302:Office of Intelligence and Analysis
3236:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
1875:
913:. Through predictive analytics and
580:Surveillance issues in smart cities
132:National Reconnaissance Office logo
13:
4672:Chief of the National Guard Bureau
4286:Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
3946:Defense Information Systems Agency
3739:Defense Contract Management Agency
3685:Office of the Secretary of Defense
3559:Counterintelligence Field Activity
3475:Army Intelligence Support Activity
2204:Ackerman, Robert K. (2015-04-01).
2135:"The GEOINT 2013 Symposium, Day 4"
1876:Ali, Muhammed Irfan (2021-01-28).
1216:from websites or documents of the
1167:Automatic and controlled processes
960:United States Joint Forces Command
300:Jindalee Operational Radar Network
14:
4818:
3950:White House Communications Agency
3828:Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency
3768:Defense Microelectronics Activity
3359:Director of National Intelligence
1017:Federation of American Scientists
948:, the system is intended to use "
899:
865:backgrounds; and improvements in
4547:National Military Command Center
4377:Under Secretary of the Air Force
4069:
4048:Washington Headquarters Services
4043:Pentagon Force Protection Agency
4026:(Office of Military Commissions)
3901:Defense Travel Management Office
3886:Defense Human Resources Activity
3364:National Counterterrorism Center
3118:National Intelligence University
2107:. Lexington Books. p. 167.
1748:"NRO Campaign Plan For Sentient"
1212: This article incorporates
1207:
1117:Known US Government stakeholders
157:
23:
4701:Office of the Inspector General
4562:Joint Personnel Recovery Agency
4415:Chief of Staff of the Air Force
4160:Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
3749:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
3731:for Acquisition and Sustainment
3709:Deputy's Advisory Working Group
3528:Office of Management and Budget
2966:Words of estimative probability
2828:Operational platforms by nation
2222:from the original on 2022-09-30
2206:"The NRO Looks Down to Look Up"
2186:from the original on 2024-06-06
2154:from the original on 2019-06-10
2074:. Lexington Books. p. 95.
2036:from the original on 2021-04-19
1997:from the original on 2019-05-15
1985:Cardillo, Robert (2017-03-16).
1964:from the original on 2024-03-13
1931:from the original on 2019-08-01
1890:from the original on 2024-06-04
1858:from the original on 2018-09-23
1812:from the original on 2024-06-04
1770:from the original on 2020-10-20
1726:from the original on 2019-08-01
1685:from the original on 2023-06-14
1641:from the original on 2019-09-14
1596:from the original on 2024-06-04
1548:from the original on 2024-01-22
1504:from the original on 2023-06-14
1460:from the original on 2023-06-14
1416:from the original on 2019-08-08
1366:from the original on 2024-06-04
1316:from the original on 2024-03-21
1290:Detection of Possible UAP near
1286:Sentient Operations Highlight:
1258:from the original on 2019-08-01
1172:Automatic identification system
726:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
4772:National Reconnaissance Office
4314:Vice Chief of Naval Operations
4276:Commandant of the Marine Corps
3961:National Reconnaissance Office
3759:Defense Acquisition University
3569:Military Intelligence Division
3145:National Reconnaissance Office
1917:National Reconnaissance Office
1756:National Reconnaissance Office
1712:National Reconnaissance Office
1671:National Reconnaissance Office
1630:National Reconnaissance Office
1582:National Reconnaissance Office
1534:National Reconnaissance Office
1490:National Reconnaissance Office
1446:National Reconnaissance Office
1402:National Reconnaissance Office
1352:National Reconnaissance Office
1302:National Reconnaissance Office
1177:List of NRO satellite launches
715:National Reconnaissance Office
1:
4024:Defense Legal Services Agency
3993:American Forces Press Service
3851:Defense Contract Audit Agency
3754:Office of Economic Adjustment
3574:Military Intelligence Service
3564:Military Information Division
3508:Senate Intelligence Committee
3384:National Intelligence Council
1202:
1187:SKYNET (surveillance program)
1068:unidentified aerial phenomena
923:intelligence analysis process
742:of the United States and the
511:Investigatory Powers Act 2016
47:secondary or tertiary sources
4150:The Administrative Assistant
3779:for Research and Engineering
3579:Office of Strategic Services
3538:Intelligence Oversight Board
3513:House Intelligence Committee
3190:Office of Naval Intelligence
2101:Shoker, Sarah (2020-09-20).
1244:Scoles, Sarah (2019-07-31).
1054:automatic target recognition
7:
4557:National Defense University
4537:Director of the Joint Staff
4359:Department of the Air Force
4253:General Counsel of the Navy
4228:Under Secretary of the Navy
4145:General Counsel of the Army
4115:Under Secretary of the Army
4052:White House Military Office
3936:Defense Intelligence Agency
3868:for Personnel and Readiness
3701:Deputy Secretary of Defense
3670:Deputy Secretary of Defense
3248:Central Intelligence Agency
3105:Defense Clandestine Service
3100:Defense Intelligence Agency
3014:Intelligence cycle security
1909:"SENTIENT Challenge Themes"
1678:. 2009-05-01. p. 215.
1626:System for Award Management
1453:. 2009-05-01. p. 217.
1155:
1136:Defense Intelligence Agency
1132:Central Intelligence Agency
1022:Central Intelligence Agency
894:automated system processing
882:user interaction technology
10:
4823:
4787:Secret government programs
4632:Special Operations Command
4368:Secretary of the Air Force
4324:Director of Naval Reactors
4165:Sergeant Major of the Army
4155:Chief of Staff of the Army
3926:Under Secretary of Defense
3866:Under Secretary of Defense
3777:Under Secretary of Defense
3729:Under Secretary of Defense
3199:Space Force Intelligence (
3160:Special Collection Service
3109:Defense Debriefing Service
2172:Gruss, Mike (2019-07-31).
1952:Smith, Alec (2024-02-16).
1833:Sapp, Betty (2017-05-09).
845:from targets of interest;
772:
765:), which later became the
744:United States Armed Forces
120:
4707:
4694:
4667:
4654:
4587:
4574:
4511:
4498:
4481:United States Space Force
4476:Chief of Space Operations
4357:
4345:field organizations: see
4309:Chief of Naval Operations
4297:field organizations: see
4272:Headquarters Marine Corps
4208:
4196:field organizations: see
4170:Deputy Chief of Staff G-8
4095:
4091:
4078:
4067:
4033:
4014:
3979:
3924:
3876:Defense Commissary Agency
3864:
3841:
3813:
3775:
3764:Defense Acquisition Board
3727:
3699:
3695:
3678:
3642:
3546:
3498:
3452:
3439:Homeland Security Advisor
3434:Homeland Security Council
3424:National Security Council
3419:National Security Advisor
3407:
3399:Chief Information Officer
3345:
3258:Special Activities Center
3253:Directorate of Operations
3228:
3185:Marine Corps Intelligence
3090:
3079:
3004:
2946:
2906:
2851:
2808:
2673:
2635:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2273:
1497:. 2009-05-01. p. 1.
944:, former Director of the
496:National Intelligence Law
481:Data Protection Directive
123:Sentient (disambiguation)
4468:Field Operating Agencies
4334:Chief of Naval Personnel
3744:Defense Logistics Agency
3714:Office of Net Assessment
3594:Strategic Support Branch
3211:Coast Guard Intelligence
3155:Central Security Service
3150:National Security Agency
1704:"Sentient Overview 2017"
1218:United States Government
1192:Space Development Agency
1182:Reconnaissance satellite
1147:National Security Agency
1123:United States Government
1048:. Sarah Shoker noted in
962:engage in conflict with
911:NTM imaging capabilities
719:United States Air Forces
655:Nothing to hide argument
476:Data Retention Directive
4757:Intelligence assessment
4268:Naval Inspector General
4185:Provost Marshal General
3792:Defense Innovation Unit
3584:Office of Special Plans
3444:President's Daily Brief
3292:FBI Intelligence Branch
2981:Intelligence assessment
2971:All-source intelligence
2591:Intelligence management
2145:via Trajectory Magazine
874:request for information
863:co-channel interference
836:phenomenological models
803:territorial sovereignty
801:or infringing upon the
701:artificial intelligence
4802:Surveillance databases
4642:Transportation Command
4463:Direct Reporting Units
4445:Judge Advocate General
4258:Judge Advocate General
4210:Department of the Navy
4180:Judge Advocate General
4097:Department of the Army
3989:Defense Media Activity
3805:Missile Defense Agency
3195:Air Force Intelligence
3113:Defense Attaché System
2665:Operational techniques
2620:Special reconnaissance
1214:public domain material
1083:
1031:Spaceflight Industries
919:
816:
779:United States Congress
730:Department of Energy's
295:Mastering the Internet
133:
34:relies excessively on
4792:Secret space vehicles
4767:Military intelligence
4752:Intelligence analysis
4661:National Guard Bureau
4505:Joint Chiefs of Staff
4456:field organizations:
4219:Secretary of the Navy
4106:Secretary of the Army
3911:Defense Health Agency
1079:
950:automated inferencing
906:
791:situational awareness
787:
748:artificial satellites
740:intelligence agencies
733:National Laboratories
707:intelligence analysis
532:FISA Improvements Act
131:
4797:Signals intelligence
4612:Indo-Pacific Command
4085:Military Departments
4005:The Pentagon Channel
3661:Secretary of Defense
2986:Medical intelligence
2956:Competing hypotheses
2766:Industrial espionage
2751:Denial and deception
996:physical destruction
927:tipping and queueing
890:cognitive processing
783:signals intelligence
565:Secure communication
407:Southern Cross Cable
121:For other uses, see
4742:Global surveillance
4737:Automated reasoning
4682:Army National Guard
4483:field organizations
3019:Counterintelligence
2934:Technical (TECHINT)
2929:Open-source (OSINT)
2919:Geospatial (GEOINT)
2893:Casualty estimation
820:AR&D activities
722:Research Laboratory
601:Intelligence agency
417:Bad Aibling Station
265:Boundless Informant
150:Global surveillance
4677:Air National Guard
4581:Combatant Commands
4430:Chief of Chaplains
4343:United States Navy
4329:Chief of Chaplains
4175:Chief of Chaplains
3263:Open Source Center
2991:Military geography
2976:Basic intelligence
2914:Financial (FININT)
2855:signature (MASINT)
2781:One-way voice link
2717:Concealment device
2025:United States Army
1394:"Sentient Program"
956:United States Army
713:, operated by the
698:heavily classified
575:Call detail record
134:
4724:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4690:
4689:
4650:
4649:
4637:Strategic Command
4570:
4569:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4295:U.S. Marine Corps
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4001:Stars and Stripes
3602:
3601:
3341:
3340:
3307:Homeland Security
3224:
3223:
3215:Homeland Security
3039:
3038:
2942:
2941:
2833:Direction finding
2823:In modern history
2804:
2803:
2557:
2556:
2114:978-3-0305-2473-9
2081:978-1-6669-3813-5
1039:sanctions busting
876:(RFI) requesting
691:
690:
555:Mass surveillance
501:Cybersecurity Law
119:
118:
111:
93:
4814:
4696:
4695:
4656:
4655:
4617:Southern Command
4607:Northern Command
4602:European Command
4576:
4575:
4500:
4499:
4153:The Army Staff:
4093:
4092:
4080:
4079:
4073:
4072:
3928:for Intelligence
3697:
3696:
3690:
3680:
3679:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3411:of the President
3409:Executive Office
3168:
3167:
3088:
3087:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3042:
2838:Traffic analysis
2810:Signals (SIGINT)
2645:Asset recruiting
2613:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2482:
2455:
2433:
2421:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1991:The Cipher Brief
1982:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1913:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1798:Rand Corporation
1788:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1752:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1708:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1684:
1667:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1622:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1578:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1530:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1486:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1442:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1398:
1390:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1348:
1336:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1241:
1211:
1210:
1035:oceanic shipping
1013:Steven Aftergood
934:Rand Corporation
915:machine learning
808:war on terrorism
799:human collectors
756:machine learning
683:
676:
669:
650:Stop Watching Us
521:Proposed changes
412:Utah Data Center
161:
136:
135:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4716:
4703:
4686:
4663:
4646:
4597:Central Command
4583:
4566:
4520:
4507:
4486:
4470:
4452:
4450:Surgeon General
4440:Chief Scientist
4435:Chief of Safety
4409:
4373:The Secretariat
4371:
4353:
4341:
4339:Surgeon General
4303:
4293:
4270:
4224:The Secretariat
4222:
4204:
4192:
4190:Surgeon General
4152:
4111:The Secretariat
4109:
4087:
4074:
4070:
4057:
4029:
4010:
3975:
3927:
3920:
3867:
3860:
3837:
3809:
3778:
3771:
3730:
3723:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3674:
3638:
3633:
3603:
3598:
3542:
3494:
3448:
3410:
3403:
3350:
3348:
3337:
3220:
3166:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3040:
3035:
3000:
2938:
2924:Imagery (IMINT)
2902:
2863:Electro-optical
2854:
2853:Measurement and
2847:
2800:
2776:Numbers station
2705:Black operation
2669:
2631:
2593:
2588:
2558:
2553:
2478:
2451:
2429:
2417:
2269:
2264:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2215:SIGNAL Magazine
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1837:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1378:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1296:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1242:
1225:
1208:
1205:
1158:
1119:
942:Robert Cardillo
902:
869:technologies.
840:non-traditional
775:
687:
560:Culture of fear
537:Other proposals
466:FISA amendments
461:USA Freedom Act
446:UKUSA Agreement
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
44:
40:primary sources
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4820:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4592:Africa Command
4588:
4585:
4584:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4465:
4460:
4458:Major Commands
4454:U.S. Air Force
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4101:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3970:Director/Chief
3963:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3693:
3692:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3666:Kathleen Hicks
3663:
3653:
3652:
3646:Headquarters:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3323:
3311:
3299:
3289:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3273:CIA University
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3245:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3205:Space Delta 18
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:Target-centric
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
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2904:
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2901:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2883:Radiofrequency
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
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2799:
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2768:
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2758:
2753:
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2714:
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2697:
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2671:
2670:
2668:
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2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2610:
2608:Human (HUMINT)
2601:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2505:
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2476:
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2466:
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2415:
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2300:
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2263:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2196:
2164:
2147:. 2013-04-13.
2126:
2113:
2093:
2080:
2060:
2007:
1974:
1941:
1924:. 2019-02-09.
1900:
1868:
1822:
1805:. p. 44.
1780:
1763:. 2019-02-19.
1736:
1719:. 2012-02-13.
1695:
1651:
1637:. 2010-10-20.
1606:
1589:. 2022-06-22.
1558:
1541:. 2019-02-19.
1514:
1470:
1426:
1409:. 2012-02-13.
1376:
1359:. 2019-02-19.
1326:
1309:. 2022-06-02.
1268:
1222:
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1201:
1200:
1199:
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1189:
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1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1118:
1115:
1077:in 2019 that:
1041:" attempts by
980:infrastructure
972:Chinese forces
901:
900:Public details
898:
886:self-awareness
838:for detecting
774:
771:
709:system of the
689:
688:
686:
685:
678:
671:
663:
660:
659:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
641:
640:
635:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
603:
598:
590:
589:
588:Related topics
585:
584:
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577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
549:
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541:
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469:
468:
463:
455:
454:
453:
448:
437:
436:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
422:Dagger Complex
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
381:
380:
376:
375:
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368:
363:
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31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4640:
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4628:
4627:Cyber Command
4625:
4623:
4622:Space Command
4620:
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4608:
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4600:
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4412:
4411:The Air Staff
4408:
4405:
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4400:
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4380:
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3987:
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3259:
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3242:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3201:Space Delta 7
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
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3141:
3138:
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3119:
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3074:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3024:organizations
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3006:Dissemination
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
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2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Steganography
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Interrogation
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Eavesdropping
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:Direct action
2658:
2656:
2655:Covert action
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2625:organizations
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2549:
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2528:
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2523:
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2503:
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2256:
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2238:
2221:
2217:
2216:
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2207:
2200:
2185:
2181:
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2175:
2168:
2150:
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2130:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2050:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2012:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1963:
1959:
1958:Grey Dynamics
1955:
1948:
1946:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:Betty J. Sapp
1836:
1829:
1827:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1766:
1762:
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1333:
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1312:
1308:
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1303:
1295:
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1240:
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1234:
1232:
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1228:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1145:
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1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:Betty J. Sapp
1082:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:nation-states
1044:
1043:authoritarian
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
951:
947:
943:
940:According to
938:
935:
930:
928:
924:
918:
916:
912:
905:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
859:dense clutter
856:
852:
848:
844:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
815:
813:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
786:
784:
780:
770:
768:
764:
759:
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753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
734:
731:
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723:
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708:
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684:
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639:
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634:
631:
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629:
626:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
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4366:
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4298:
4217:
4197:
4104:
3657:Lloyd Austin
3649:The Pentagon
3647:
3589:Ritchie Boys
3485:Intellipedia
3351:Intelligence
3330:
3318:
3306:
3295:
3284:
3240:
3214:
3172:Armed Forces
3081:Intelligence
2796:Surveillance
2786:Resident spy
2727:Cryptography
2546:
2524:
2517:
2500:
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2430:
2418:
2224:. Retrieved
2209:
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1026:
1008:
1001:
1000:
990:, malicious
954:
939:
931:
920:
907:
903:
884:, computing
878:white papers
871:
867:Phased Array
851:weak signals
817:
795:denied areas
788:
776:
760:
752:Earth orbits
737:
693:
692:
628:Human rights
606:Cryptography
397:Menwith Hill
387:The Doughnut
219:
184:2013–present
148:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
4542:Joint Staff
4472:Space Staff
3347:Director of
2868:Geophysical
2650:Cell system
2637:Clandestine
1294:6 May 2021"
976:contractors
857:targets in
855:reflectance
847:geolocating
843:observables
235:Stone Ghost
166:Disclosures
4731:Categories
2897:earthquake
2761:False flag
2599:Collection
2226:2024-06-07
2190:2024-06-06
2158:2024-06-04
2120:2024-06-13
2087:2024-06-07
2040:2024-06-06
2001:2024-02-07
1968:2024-06-06
1935:2024-02-07
1894:2024-02-07
1862:2024-02-07
1816:2024-06-07
1774:2024-02-07
1730:2024-02-07
1689:2024-06-06
1645:2024-06-04
1600:2024-06-04
1552:2024-06-04
1526:"SENTIENT"
1508:2024-06-06
1464:2024-06-06
1420:2024-02-07
1370:2024-06-04
1320:2024-06-04
1284:((S//REL))
1262:2024-02-07
1203:References
984:data moves
645:Satellites
442:Five Eyes
392:Fort Meade
245:Frenchelon
69:newspapers
36:references
4194:U.S. Army
3500:Oversight
3083:Community
2888:Materials
2742:Defection
2737:Dead drop
2710:black bag
2675:Espionage
2179:SpaceNews
1251:The Verge
1088:, former
1075:The Verge
1009:The Verge
1003:The Verge
986:from the
832:Multi-INT
704:satellite
596:Espionage
427:GCHQ Bude
351:Five Eyes
290:RAMPART-A
225:Carnivore
205:XKeyscore
189:Reactions
99:June 2024
4291:Chaplain
3349:National
3319:Treasury
3229:Civilian
2948:Analysis
2746:Turncoat
2693:handling
2220:Archived
2184:Archived
2149:Archived
2049:cite web
2034:Archived
1995:Archived
1962:Archived
1926:Archived
1888:Archived
1853:Archived
1849:archives
1807:Archived
1765:Archived
1721:Archived
1680:Archived
1639:Archived
1591:Archived
1543:Archived
1499:Archived
1455:Archived
1411:Archived
1361:Archived
1311:Archived
1256:Archived
1156:See also
992:software
853:and low
728:and the
694:Sentient
547:Concepts
402:Pine Gap
321:R&AW
308:Agencies
280:Stingray
250:Fairview
230:Dishfire
220:Sentient
179:Pre-2013
141:a series
139:Part of
3547:Defunct
3296:Justice
3285:Justice
3092:Defense
2895: (
2873:Nuclear
2843:TEMPEST
1845:on the
1342:(S/REL)
1197:Space-X
1103:cubesat
1015:of the
988:servers
773:History
746:to use
638:Liberty
633:Privacy
275:Pinwale
270:Bullrun
240:Tempora
215:ECHELON
197:Systems
174:Origins
83:scholar
3331:Energy
2732:Cutout
2683:Agents
2111:
2078:
1292:
1288:
968:Taiwan
892:, and
830:, and
828:SIGINT
824:GEOINT
570:SIGINT
492:China
451:Lustre
379:Places
371:Mossad
255:MYSTIC
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3453:Other
3241:State
2907:Other
2878:Radar
2722:Cover
2700:Asset
2688:field
2152:(PDF)
2138:(PDF)
1929:(PDF)
1912:(PDF)
1883:ICEYE
1856:(PDF)
1838:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
1768:(PDF)
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1314:(PDF)
1297:(PDF)
1037:and "
966:over
964:China
763:UAPTF
696:is a
528:U.S.
457:U.S.
210:PRISM
90:JSTOR
76:books
2548:L-79
2542:L-67
2537:L-66
2532:L-65
2526:L-61
2519:L-55
2513:L-49
2508:L-47
2502:L-45
2492:L-42
2486:L-41
2480:L-40
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2459:L-36
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2408:L-27
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2398:L-25
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2378:L-21
2373:L-20
2368:L-19
2363:L-18
2358:L-17
2353:L-16
2348:L-15
2343:L-14
2338:L-13
2333:L-12
2328:L-11
2323:L-10
2109:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2055:link
998:."
978:and
932:The
888:and
861:and
616:VPNs
486:GDPR
435:Laws
366:GCHQ
346:DGSE
285:SORM
260:DCSN
62:news
2497:...
2318:L-9
2313:L-8
2308:L-7
2303:L-6
2298:L-5
2293:L-4
2288:L-3
2283:L-2
2278:L-1
1113:.'
1025:In
812:DoD
750:in
724:at
621:TLS
611:Tor
507:UK
472:EU
361:MSS
356:FSB
341:ASD
336:CNI
331:BND
326:CSE
316:NSA
38:to
4733::
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