502:
685:, "measures to regulate the development of sentient AI should run ahead of what would be proportionate to the risks posed by current technology, considering also the risks posed by credible future trajectories." He is concerned that AI sentience would be particularly easy to deny, and that if achieved, humans might nevertheless continue to treat AI systems as mere tools. He notes that the linguistic behaviour of LLMs is not a reliable way to assess whether they are sentient. He suggests to apply theories of consciousness, such as the
6258:
5077:
678:(LLMs) can be conscious, encouraging more research on the subject. He said that it is very plausible that the training of AI models can cause a world model to emerge in them. He personally estimated the chances that the most advanced LLMs are conscious to be less than 10% in 2022 and more than 20% in 2032, reaching around 50% if it attains "virtual perception, language, action, unified agents" exceeding the cognition level of a fish.
396:
6268:
439:, since his criterion for moral status is not only the ability to experience any phenomenal consciousness at all, but specifically the ability to experience conscious states with negative affective valence (i.e. suffering). Animal welfare and rights advocates often invoke similar capacities. For example, the documentary
532:
grounds to assume that the dog is indeed experiencing something unpleasant." Avoiding painful stimuli unless the reward is significant can also provide evidence that pain avoidance is not merely an unconscious reflex (similarly to how humans "can choose to press a hot door handle to escape a burning building").
815:
intentional behaviors. Consequently, the weight of evidence indicates that humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness. Non-human animals, including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, including octopuses, also possess these neurological substrates."
666:
considers that while LaMDA is probably not sentient, being very sure of it would require understanding how consciousness works, having access to unpublished information about LaMDA's architecture, and finding how to apply the philosophical theory to the machine. He also said about LLMs that "it's not
250:
in the late 1970s. It defines sentience as the relationship between the information processing rate of each individual processing unit (neuron), the weight/size of a single unit, and the total number of processing units (expressed as mass). It was proposed as a measure for the sentience of all living
45:
827:
Quote: "Granted, these animals do not have all the desires we humans have; granted, they do not comprehend everything we humans comprehend; nevertheless, we and they do have some of the same desires and do comprehend some of the same things. The desires for food and water, shelter and companionship,
614:
philosophers consider that sentience is about "causal roles" played by mental states, which involve information processing. In this view, the physical substrate of this information processing does not need to be biological, so there is no theoretical barrier to the possibility of sentient machines.
593:
The AI research community does not consider sentience (that is, the "ability to feel sensations") as an important research goal, unless it can be shown that consciously "feeling" a sensation can make a machine more intelligent than just receiving input from sensors and processing it as information.
531:
of pain. To address that, researchers often look for behavioral cues. For example, "if a dog with an injured paw whimpers, licks the wound, limps, lowers pressure on the paw while walking, learns to avoid the place where the injury happened and seeks out analgesics when offered, we have reasonable
602:
wrote in 2021: "We are interested in programs that behave intelligently. Individual aspects of consciousnessâawareness, self-awareness, attentionâcan be programmed and can be part of an intelligent machine. The additional project making a machine conscious in exactly the way humans are is not one
814:
Quote: "The absence of a neocortex does not appear to preclude an organism from experiencing affective states. Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with the capacity to exhibit
215:, publicly proclaimed on 7 July 2012 at Cambridge University, states that many non-human animals possess the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states, and can exhibit intentional behaviors. The declaration notes that all
559:
Historically, fish were not considered sentient, and their behaviors were often viewed as "reflexes or complex, unconscious species-typical responses" to their environment. Their dissimilarity with humans, including the absence of a direct equivalent of the
667:
doing them justice to say they're simply regurgitating text", noting that they "exhibit glimpses of creativity, insight and understanding that are quite impressive and may show the rudiments of reasoning". He thinks that "sentience is a matter of degree".
449:
Animal-welfare advocates typically argue that any sentient being is entitled, at a minimum, to protection from unnecessary suffering, though animal-rights advocates may differ on what rights (e.g., the right to life) may be entailed by simple sentience.
2174:
Sugunasiri, Suwanda H.J., The Whole Body, not Heart, as 'Seat of
Consciousness': the Buddha's View', Philosophy East & West, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 409â430). Prof. Sugunasiri is Founder of Nalanda College of Buddhist Studies, Toronto,
619:
however, the physical constitution is important; and depending on the types of physical systems required for sentience, it may or may not be possible for certain types of machines (such as electronic computing devices) to be sentient.
651:
to respond to queries in the most fluid and natural way possible. The transcripts of conversations between scientists and LaMDA reveal that the AI system excels at this, providing answers to challenging topics about the nature of
445:
argues that while animals do not have all the desires and ability to comprehend as do humans, they do share the desires for food and water, shelter and companionship, freedom of movement and avoidance of pain.
403:
traveling with shells collected for protection. Despite evolving independently from humans for over 600 million years, octopuses show various signs of sentience. Octopuses, along with all other
527:
The presence of nociception indicates an organism's ability to detect harmful stimuli. A further question is whether the way these noxious stimuli are processed within the brain leads to a
311:, non-violence toward other beings. In some forms of Buddhism, plants, stones and other inanimate objects are considered to be 'sentient'. In Jainism many things are endowed with a soul,
2186:
Readership: Philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists interested in sensation and perception. Authors, Austen Clark, Professor of
Philosophy, University of Connecticut, Storrs
200:". They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that qualia will never be explained. Other philosophers, such as
168:(the ability to have thoughts about something). These further features of consciousness may not be necessary for sentience, which is the capacity to feel sensations and emotions.
2216:, 28 August 2023, pp. 26â30, 32. "Last year, the U.K. passed legislation that recognized animals as sentient beings, capable of feeling pain and joy. So far, the bill dignifies
505:
Experiments suggest that bees can display an optimistic mood, engage in playful behavior, and strategically avoid threats or harmful situations unless the reward is significant.
333:
is the state of having senses. In
Buddhism, there are six senses, the sixth being the subjective experience of the mind. Sentience is simply awareness prior to the arising of
1517:
908:, and that there is further very strong evidence to support that invertebrates, including but not limited to decapod crustaceans, cephalopod mollusks, and insects, also do
421:
2194:
2952:
435:
broadly as the position according to which an entity has moral status if and only if it is sentient. In David
Chalmer's more specific terminology, Bentham is a
327:
based on the number of senses it has. Water, for example, is a sentient being of the first order, as it is considered to possess only one sense, that of touch.
6149:
4476:
572:. The range of animals regarded by scientists as sentient or conscious has progressively widened, now including animals such as fish, lobsters and octopus.
2113:
219:(including fish and reptiles) have this neurological substrate for consciousness, and that there is strong evidence that many invertebrates also have it.
5800:
468:, on sentience. He asserts that, "All sentient beings, humans or nonhuman, have one right: the basic right not to be treated as the property of others."
144:, sentience is a minimalistic way of defining consciousness, which otherwise commonly and collectively describes sentience plus further features of the
1128:
493:
recognises that animals are "sentient beings", and requires the EU and its member states to "pay full regards to the welfare requirements of animals".
1761:
1331:. 9.2: p.72. Kyoto: Eastern Buddhist Society; cited in Dumoulin, Henrich (author); Heisig, James (translator); and Knitter, Paul (translator)(2005).
2331:
4628:
238:, the capacity to experience subjective states that have affective valence (i.e., a positive or negative character), such as pain and pleasure.
1786:
2336:
184:", consciousness can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, "
6317:
4303:
4247:
251:
beings and computers from a single neuron up to a hypothetical being at the theoretical computational limit of the entire universe. On a
1988:
3974:
1871:
6096:
5775:
5765:
4387:
337:. Thus, an animal qualifies as a sentient being. According to Buddhism, sentient beings made of pure consciousness are possible. In
4743:
4508:
2760:
2311:
2089:
212:
5117:
2351:
2253:
623:
The discussion on the topic of alleged sentience of artificial intelligence has been reignited in 2022 by the claims made about
5785:
2428:
2190:
D. Cole: Sense and
Sentience SENSE5 8/18/90; rev. 1-19-98. (original 1983) copyright David Cole University of Minnesota, Duluth
2183:
846:
6121:
4644:
4232:
4157:
2564:
2341:
2296:
2156:
1390:
1361:
1340:
366:
6081:
5770:
5167:
4375:
3914:
2657:
2200:
5674:
4799:
3004:
1213:
102:". Some writers differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to
1620:
524:
that sense damage or threat and send signals to the brain. Nociception is widespread among animals, even among insects.
6091:
5987:
5664:
4924:
4267:
4177:
1737:
1465:
611:
1645:
63:
is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as
4992:
4468:
4428:
4351:
4308:
4162:
4087:
3561:
2316:
2306:
1910:
1880:
1815:
1473:
1440:
1414:
1291:
130:"Sentience" was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin
6292:
6183:
6071:
5810:
4636:
4287:
4117:
3944:
3014:
3009:
2439:
693:
to understand what happens inside. He also mentions some other pathways that may lead to AI sentience, such as the
196:, believe that the physical process causing consciousness to happen will never be understood, a position known as "
6189:
6176:
5267:
4604:
4357:
4242:
3451:
3037:
2932:
2064:
75:, as the ability to experience happiness or suffering often forms a basis for determining which entities deserve
17:
6322:
6271:
6195:
5835:
4580:
2942:
2652:
2321:
904:
it is indisputable that all vertebrates, including fish and reptiles do possess the neurological substrates of
640:
1153:
568:
suggests that the belief that fish do not feel pain originated in response to a 1980s policy aimed at banning
415:
Sentience has been a central concept in the animal rights movement, tracing back to the well-known writing of
6235:
5937:
5795:
5212:
4217:
4102:
2922:
2454:
2392:
2195:
Science, policy and cultural implications of animal sentience, Suggested
Reading, Compassion in World Farming
732:
722:
647:âAI robots designed to communicate with humansâby gathering vast amounts of text from the internet and using
181:
465:
6222:
5639:
5372:
4319:
4277:
4097:
3491:
2422:
2367:
1674:
1513:
682:
461:
6228:
6155:
6143:
5287:
5110:
4775:
4564:
4192:
4142:
2826:
2301:
2246:
234:, the capacity to have any subjective experience at all, but sometimes refers to the narrower concept of
482:
should regard sentient animals according to their intrinsic worth, rather than their utility to humans.
48:
Determining which animals can experience sensations is challenging, but scientists generally agree that
6202:
6037:
6002:
5897:
5714:
5207:
5017:
4889:
4684:
4620:
4556:
4207:
4167:
4137:
3265:
3260:
2662:
884:
330:
303:) and "conventionally refers to the mass of living things subject to illusion, suffering, and rebirth (
264:
2178:
6216:
5982:
5892:
5342:
5317:
5257:
5001:
4839:
4676:
4112:
3406:
3325:
3185:
2765:
1489:
38:
5845:
5362:
4970:
4931:
4917:
4783:
4759:
4548:
4172:
3576:
3521:
2978:
2697:
2682:
2667:
2624:
2589:
2326:
905:
689:, to the algorithms implicitly learned by LLMs, but noted that this technique requires advances in
603:
that we are equipped to take on." Indeed, leading AI textbooks do not mention "sentience" at all.
581:
4903:
489:
was written into the basic law of the
European Union. The legally binding protocol annexed to the
6162:
6056:
5780:
5760:
5734:
5649:
5172:
5052:
4823:
4727:
4540:
4516:
4393:
4272:
4227:
4122:
4009:
3818:
2494:
2412:
1189:
686:
587:
1539:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6261:
6022:
5957:
5790:
5147:
5103:
5080:
5025:
4572:
4147:
4107:
4061:
3979:
3934:
3803:
3456:
3441:
3095:
2672:
2291:
2239:
2039:
772:
1089:
86:
In Asian religions, the word "sentience" has been used to translate a variety of concepts. In
6017:
5977:
5902:
5805:
5684:
5307:
5227:
4831:
4652:
4612:
4524:
4484:
4405:
4399:
4212:
3496:
3396:
3361:
2947:
2846:
2755:
2594:
2484:
2449:
2024:
1430:
1382:
757:
742:
528:
247:
3481:
6169:
6007:
5947:
5840:
5644:
5524:
5177:
4855:
4660:
4588:
4339:
4282:
4152:
4004:
3989:
3863:
3763:
3718:
3571:
2793:
2634:
2402:
2382:
1787:"Scientists push new paradigm of animal consciousness, saying even insects may be sentient"
1036:
967:
945:
787:
762:
675:
635:
for
Dialogue Applications) artificial intelligence system that it is "sentient" and had a "
486:
370:
208:
5575:
3723:
8:
6312:
5942:
5855:
5504:
5332:
5152:
4949:
4896:
4313:
3924:
3536:
3531:
3411:
3386:
3105:
2962:
2851:
2745:
2740:
1516:; Burn, Charlotte; Schnell, Alexandra; Browning, Heather; Crump, Andrew (November 2021).
1335:
With an
Introduction by Victor Sogen Hori. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: World Wisdom, Inc.
690:
490:
408:
1704:
1040:
6242:
6209:
6012:
5992:
5967:
5962:
5907:
5626:
5247:
5217:
4910:
4847:
4668:
4500:
4492:
4369:
4345:
4257:
3883:
3290:
2783:
2735:
2725:
2536:
2444:
2221:
2016:
1964:
1929:
1260:
1233:
1109:
1070:
767:
607:
119:
103:
5438:
4963:
920:
590:. The question of whether artificial intelligences can be sentient is controversial.
5927:
5887:
5872:
5600:
5529:
5509:
5393:
5277:
5033:
4807:
4767:
4719:
4711:
4596:
4363:
4262:
4237:
4202:
3959:
3949:
3858:
3798:
3713:
3300:
3165:
3140:
3130:
3110:
2836:
2720:
2629:
2464:
2152:
2008:
1969:
1951:
1906:
1886:
1876:
1862:
1823:
1712:
1469:
1436:
1410:
1386:
1357:
1336:
1287:
1265:
1062:
1054:
854:
657:
595:
569:
501:
441:
269:
252:
76:
5347:
2114:"AI could have 20% chance of sentience in 10 years, says philosopher David Chalmers"
2020:
1518:"Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans"
425:: "The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"
313:
6101:
6042:
5744:
5729:
5724:
5699:
5659:
5634:
5514:
5484:
5352:
5322:
5302:
5162:
4977:
4703:
4252:
3919:
3823:
3783:
3773:
3703:
3566:
3506:
3461:
3426:
3285:
3225:
2999:
2957:
2917:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2811:
2614:
2377:
2346:
2148:
2144:
2000:
1959:
1941:
1576:
1381:, (in Prakrit and English) Pandit Nathuram Premi Research Series (vol-19), Mumbai:
1255:
1245:
1101:
1044:
616:
565:
428:
374:
354:
346:
197:
3330:
3175:
1608:
1250:
1074:
6106:
5917:
5867:
5595:
5539:
5499:
5459:
5337:
5242:
4791:
3899:
3853:
3848:
3698:
3663:
3648:
3586:
3476:
3421:
3401:
3340:
3250:
3160:
3100:
3075:
2730:
2604:
1459:
727:
712:
694:
516:
detects and responds to potentially harmful stimuli, leading to the sensation of
386:
141:
114:. The subjective awareness of experiences by a conscious individual are known as
87:
1930:"Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Consciousness and the Intermediate Level Fallacy"
454:
describes the theory that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern.
317:, which is sometimes translated as 'sentience'. Some things are without a soul,
136:(feeling). In philosophy, different authors draw different distinctions between
6116:
6066:
5694:
5605:
5534:
5519:
5489:
5464:
5418:
5403:
5398:
5297:
5237:
5222:
5202:
5192:
5187:
5157:
4735:
4532:
4132:
4034:
3964:
3954:
3878:
3808:
3793:
3733:
3658:
3633:
3581:
3526:
3486:
3391:
3381:
3356:
3270:
3200:
3125:
3065:
2937:
2867:
2712:
2687:
2644:
2619:
2609:
2584:
2544:
2499:
2407:
2212:
1282:
Getz, Daniel A. (2004). "Sentient beings"; cited in
Buswell, Robert E. (2004).
671:
632:
513:
457:
451:
416:
378:
357:
of a Bodhisattva states, "Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to free them."
227:
201:
165:
161:
95:
80:
2137:
Birch, Jonathan (19 July 2024). "Part V: preparing for artificial sentience".
2004:
1183:
304:
6286:
5932:
5590:
5580:
5570:
5560:
5494:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5408:
5367:
5262:
5126:
5009:
4127:
3994:
3969:
3904:
3873:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3813:
3693:
3668:
3638:
3541:
3511:
3366:
3320:
3315:
3280:
3275:
3230:
3215:
3195:
3170:
3135:
3115:
3080:
2983:
2816:
2559:
2519:
2417:
2387:
2262:
2012:
1955:
1946:
1827:
1716:
1455:
1058:
858:
471:
382:
137:
99:
3778:
1581:
1564:
1407:
A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English
1129:"Will Science Ever Solve the Mysteries of Consciousness, Free Will and God?"
132:
6086:
6032:
5357:
5232:
5182:
4187:
4029:
4019:
3868:
3843:
3748:
3743:
3728:
3688:
3678:
3551:
3471:
3466:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3371:
3310:
3305:
3255:
3245:
3235:
3145:
3070:
2927:
2882:
2841:
2803:
2788:
2750:
2569:
2549:
2469:
2201:'Bees are sentient': inside the stunning brains of nature's hardest workers
2140:
The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, and AI
1973:
1866:
1269:
1066:
997:
663:
599:
479:
193:
177:
153:
53:
2189:
2040:"Google AI 'is sentient,' software engineer claims before being suspended"
1304:
556:, and findings on certain insect species may not be applicable to others.
552:
are typically recognized as sentient. There is more uncertainty regarding
5719:
5709:
5679:
5654:
5544:
5413:
5312:
5292:
5282:
5252:
4751:
4197:
4024:
4014:
3999:
3939:
3768:
3673:
3643:
3618:
3556:
3546:
3335:
3220:
3205:
3190:
3155:
3150:
3120:
3090:
3085:
2897:
2831:
2702:
2677:
2574:
2479:
2474:
2179:
Jeremy Bentham - Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
1898:
782:
752:
747:
737:
509:
432:
390:
350:
1461:
Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts
31:
6111:
5912:
5877:
5704:
5585:
5565:
5272:
5197:
4863:
4381:
4092:
3984:
3929:
3909:
3758:
3753:
3738:
3708:
3683:
3623:
3501:
3416:
3376:
3210:
3180:
2514:
2504:
2397:
2225:
2217:
1762:"Do fish feel emotions? Experts weigh in on the ethics of fish farming"
1113:
707:
521:
475:
404:
216:
149:
49:
2138:
353:, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others. The first
6126:
5922:
5862:
5850:
5739:
5454:
5388:
5327:
4956:
4815:
4411:
4182:
3788:
3653:
3628:
3516:
3295:
3240:
2892:
2692:
2599:
2579:
2554:
2489:
1049:
1024:
847:"Which animals should be considered sentient in the eyes of the law?"
777:
717:
648:
561:
289:
71:, or complex thought processes. Sentience is an important concept in
68:
64:
44:
1185:
Philosophy Day 2020: David Chalmers - Consciousness and moral status
1105:
5997:
5952:
5669:
3591:
2509:
2459:
586:
Digital sentience (or artificial sentience) means the sentience of
338:
277:
273:
157:
91:
6048:
5830:
2821:
2775:
2434:
1354:
Indestructible truth: the living spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism
653:
644:
545:
400:
334:
285:
281:
5095:
2231:
2090:"Nick Bostrom: How can we be certain a machine isn't conscious?"
1890:
1738:"Fish are nothing like us, except that they are sentient beings"
1356:. World of Tibetan Buddhism. Boston: Shambhala. pp. 26â27.
395:
6027:
5689:
2372:
2274:
1540:"United Kingdom Declares Octopuses, Squids Are Sentient Beings"
792:
624:
553:
308:
299:
185:
115:
90:, the word "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "
72:
5882:
4450:
3036:
660:-style fables on cue, and even describing its alleged fears.
628:
319:
111:
1840:
411:, were recognized as sentient by the United Kingdom in 2023.
323:, such as a chair or spoon. There are different rankings of
6076:
5972:
4222:
636:
564:
in their brain, was used as an argument against sentience.
549:
517:
422:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
145:
107:
2037:
464:
theory of animal rights, which differs significantly from
5745:
Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)
541:
342:
230:
argues that sentience is sometimes used as shorthand for
222:
2953:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
1901:; Knight, Kevin; Nair, Shivashankar B (1 January 2010).
1512:
360:
6150:
Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
4477:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
606:
Digital sentience is of considerable interest to the
188:"âin other words, the ability to have states that it
1525:
The London School of Economics and Political Science
1286:. Volume 2. New York, USA: Macmillan Reference USA.
1905:(3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill India.
1211:Freitas, R.A. Jr. (April 1984). "Xenopsychology".
1182:Massimo Pigliucci, David Chalmers (Dec 18, 2020).
1816:"What if A.I. Sentience Is a Question of Degree?"
1646:"The Lisbon Treaty: recognising animal sentience"
1594:
1592:
1232:Shanta, Bhakti Niskama (SeptemberâOctober 2015).
1210:
246:The sentience quotient concept was introduced by
204:, argue that qualia is not a meaningful concept.
6284:
2332:List of international animal welfare conventions
2210:Knight, Sam, "Hive Mind: Is beekeeping wrong?",
1376:
4629:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
1621:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Animal rights"
1379:Dravyasamgrha: Exposition of the Six Substances
1151:
37:"Sentient" redirects here. For other uses, see
4060:
1927:
1897:
1589:
5111:
2247:
2228:... but not a single conscious bee." (p. 29.)
1861:
1846:
1705:"Insect Farming Is Booming. But Is It Cruel?"
27:Ability to experience feelings and sensations
2337:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1928:Manzotti, Riccardo; Chella, Antonio (2018).
1234:"Life and consciousness â The VedÄntic view"
961:
959:
885:"The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness"
828:freedom of movement and avoidance of pain."
4304:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4248:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2275:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
1377:Nemicandra, Acarya; Balbir, Nalini (2010),
1177:
1175:
1160:(Summer 2013 ed.). Stanford University
966:Scerri, Mariella; Grech, Victor E. (2016).
965:
520:. It involves specialized receptors called
296:is translated from various Sanskrit terms (
5118:
5104:
2254:
2240:
1872:Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
1490:"The mysterious inner life of the octopus"
1409:, New York: SUNY Press, pp. 118â119,
1333:Zen Buddhism: A History ~ Volume 2: Japan.
496:
125:
5776:Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
4451:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4388:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
2038:Brandon Specktor published (2022-06-13).
1963:
1945:
1580:
1556:
1487:
1259:
1249:
1048:
956:
878:
876:
874:
4509:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2761:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1735:
1172:
1081:
500:
394:
43:
2352:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
2062:
1813:
1672:
1537:
1454:
1238:Communicative & Integrative Biology
1204:
1158:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1126:
1022:
14:
6285:
5786:Higher-order theories of consciousness
2429:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1986:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1432:Jainism : The World of Conquerors
1404:
1231:
1145:
871:
223:Phenomenal vs. affective consciousness
213:Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness
5801:Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis
5099:
4645:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4449:
4233:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4158:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
4059:
3035:
2565:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2342:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2297:Animal rights by country or territory
2273:
2235:
2136:
2087:
1809:
1807:
1668:
1666:
1562:
1435:, Sussex Academic Press, p. 50,
1087:
844:
367:Animal rights by country or territory
361:Animal welfare, rights, and sentience
241:
192:to be in. Some philosophers, notably
6267:
4376:Animalist Party with the Environment
2658:Animal testing on non-human primates
1702:
1428:
1422:
1276:
575:
307:)". It is related to the concept of
258:
4800:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
3005:World Day for the End of Speciesism
2065:"Is LaMDA Sentient? â an Interview"
1691:
1351:
1214:Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact
950:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
882:
535:
24:
6318:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
6092:Subjective character of experience
5988:Neural correlates of consciousness
4925:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4268:United Activists for Animal Rights
4178:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2312:Animal crueltyâHolocaust analogies
2168:
1875:(4th ed.). Hoboken: Pearson.
1804:
1663:
1488:Henriques, Martha (25 July 2022).
1466:State University of New York Press
968:"Sentience in science fiction 101"
821:
808:
25:
6334:
6122:Von NeumannâWigner interpretation
5771:Damasio's theory of consciousness
5125:
4469:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4429:Animal Rights National Conference
4352:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4309:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4163:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4088:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3562:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2317:Animal rights in Indian religions
2307:Animal rights and punk subculture
2261:
1736:Woodruff, Michael (3 July 2020).
1023:Damasio, Antonio (October 2001).
6266:
6257:
6256:
6184:Journal of Consciousness Studies
6072:Sociology of human consciousness
5908:Dual consciousness (split-brain)
5811:Orchestrated objective reduction
5076:
5075:
4637:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4288:Voice for Animals Humane Society
3015:World Day for the End of Fishing
3010:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2440:Equal consideration of interests
2184:Book about A Theory of Sentience
1429:Shah, Natubhai (November 1998),
349:, the concept is related to the
171:
6190:Online Consciousness Conference
6177:How the Self Controls Its Brain
4358:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4243:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3452:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
3040:(academics, writers, activists)
2933:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
2130:
2106:
2081:
2056:
2031:
1980:
1921:
1852:
1779:
1754:
1729:
1675:"Do Insects Feel Joy and Pain?"
1638:
1613:
1601:
1531:
1506:
1481:
1448:
1398:
1370:
1345:
1321:
1297:
1225:
1192:from the original on 2021-10-31
1127:Shermer, Michael (2018-07-01).
5836:Altered state of consciousness
4581:Animals, Property, and the Law
2653:Alternatives to animal testing
2322:Christianity and animal rights
2149:10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001
1858:Leading AI textbooks in 2023:
1814:Jackson, Lauren (2023-04-12).
1598:Monson S (2005), "Earthlings".
1385:, pp. 1 of Introduction,
1327:Keiji, Nishitani (ed.)(1976).
1120:
1090:"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"
1016:
990:
938:
913:
845:Birch, Jonathan (2021-05-16).
838:
822:
809:
641:artificial intelligence system
13:
1:
5938:Hard problem of consciousness
5796:Integrated information theory
4218:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
2923:Cambridge University primates
2455:Ethics of uncertain sentience
2063:Lemoine, Blake (2022-06-11).
1993:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1989:"Minds, brains, and programs"
1251:10.1080/19420889.2015.1085138
1156:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
946:"The Grounds of Moral Status"
832:
733:Hard problem of consciousness
723:Ethics of uncertain sentience
292:as sentient beings. The term
56:species, are likely sentient.
6236:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
6223:The Science of Consciousness
6097:Subjectivity and objectivity
4278:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2423:Argument from marginal cases
1934:Frontiers in Robotics and AI
1673:Chittka, Lars (2023-07-01).
1538:Ho Tran, Tony (2021-11-23).
512:is the process by which the
255:it runs from â70 up to +50.
182:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
140:and sentience. According to
7:
6229:Understanding Consciousness
6156:Consciousness and Cognition
6144:A Universe of Consciousness
4565:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4193:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4143:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2827:International primate trade
2302:Anarchism and animal rights
2143:. Oxford University Press.
1188:(YouTube). Figs in Winter.
883:Low, Philip (7 July 2012).
700:
148:and consciousness, such as
10:
6339:
6203:The Astonishing Hypothesis
5898:Disorders of consciousness
4685:Making a Stand for Animals
4557:The Case for Animal Rights
4208:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4168:Cruelty Free International
4138:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2663:Animal testing regulations
1563:Ryder, Richard D. (1991).
925:Merriam Webster Dictionary
579:
364:
265:Sentient beings (Buddhism)
262:
36:
29:
6252:
6135:
5983:Minimally conscious state
5893:Consciousness after death
5823:
5753:
5625:
5618:
5553:
5447:
5381:
5140:
5133:
5071:
5044:
4991:
4941:
4881:
4874:
4840:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4695:
4677:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4460:
4456:
4445:
4421:
4332:
4296:
4113:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4080:
4073:
4069:
4055:
3892:
3611:
3604:
3407:William Hamilton Drummond
3349:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3031:
2992:
2971:
2910:
2860:
2802:
2774:
2766:Welfare of farmed insects
2711:
2643:
2535:
2528:
2393:Animalâindustrial complex
2360:
2284:
2280:
2269:
2088:Leith, Sam (2022-07-07).
2005:10.1017/S0140525X00005756
1847:Russell & Norvig 2021
1352:Ray, Reginald A. (2002).
1154:"Eliminative Materialism"
674:made a speech on whether
341:Buddhism, which includes
298:jantu, bahu jana, jagat,
39:Sentient (disambiguation)
5846:Artificial consciousness
5363:William Kingdon Clifford
4918:Journal of Animal Ethics
4784:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4173:Direct Action Everywhere
3577:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3522:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2979:Direct Action Everywhere
2683:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2668:Labcorp Drug Development
2625:Feedback (pork industry)
2590:Intensive animal farming
2327:History of animal rights
1987:Searle, John R. (1980).
1947:10.3389/frobt.2018.00039
1284:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
1152:Ramsey, William (2013).
1094:The Philosophical Review
921:"Definition of SENTIENT"
799:
588:artificial intelligences
582:Artificial consciousness
232:phenomenal consciousness
30:Not to be confused with
6293:17th-century neologisms
6163:Consciousness Explained
6082:Stream of consciousness
6057:Secondary consciousness
5781:Global workspace theory
5766:Dynamic core hypothesis
5761:Attention schema theory
5735:Revisionary materialism
5650:Eliminative materialism
5173:Charles Augustus Strong
5053:Holocaust on your Plate
4824:An Apology to Elephants
4605:Do Animals Have Rights?
4541:Animals, Men and Morals
4517:Better-World Philosophy
4394:Italian Animalist Party
4273:United Poultry Concerns
4228:Last Chance for Animals
4123:Animal Liberation Front
4010:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2495:Replaceability argument
2413:Animal-free agriculture
1903:Artificial Intelligence
1582:10.15368/bts.1991v7n1.1
1565:"Souls and Sentientism"
687:global workspace theory
497:Indicators of sentience
485:In 1997 the concept of
236:affective consciousness
126:Sentience in philosophy
6217:The Emperor's New Mind
6023:Problem of other minds
5958:Introspection illusion
5791:Holonomic brain theory
5148:Alfred North Whitehead
5026:Salvation of Innocents
4573:Zoos and Animal Rights
4148:Beauty Without Cruelty
4108:Animal Justice Project
3442:John Zephaniah Holwell
3096:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2673:Great ape research ban
2292:Animal rights movement
1088:Nagel, Thomas (1974).
1025:"Fundamental feelings"
894:. Cambridge University
773:Problem of other minds
506:
412:
57:
6323:Subjective experience
6018:Primary consciousness
5903:Divided consciousness
5806:Multiple drafts model
5308:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
5045:Fairs and exhibitions
4932:The Animals' Defender
4904:Cahiers antispécistes
4832:Speciesism: The Movie
4653:Animal (De)liberation
4613:Striking at the Roots
4525:The Universal Kinship
4485:The Rights of Animals
4406:People Animals Nature
4400:Party for the Animals
4213:In Defense of Animals
3975:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3362:David Renaud Boullier
2948:Silver Spring monkeys
2847:Wild animal suffering
2756:Pain in invertebrates
2595:Intensive pig farming
2485:Opposition to hunting
2450:Ethics of eating meat
2203:". Annette McGivney,
1405:Grimes, John (1996),
1383:Hindi Granth Karyalay
758:Pain in invertebrates
697:of sentient animals.
676:large language models
670:In 2022, philosopher
529:subjective experience
504:
398:
331:Sentience in Buddhism
248:Robert A. Freitas Jr.
47:
6170:Cosmic Consciousness
6008:Philosophical zombie
5948:Higher consciousness
5841:Animal consciousness
5645:Double-aspect theory
5178:Christopher Peacocke
4661:Sentientist Politics
4589:The Lives of Animals
4340:Animal Justice Party
4153:Born Free Foundation
3990:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
3864:Wendy Turner-Webster
3572:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2794:Recreational fishing
2635:Ventilation shutdown
2403:Animal protectionism
2383:Animal consciousness
1329:The Eastern Buddhist
788:Vertiginous question
763:Philosophical zombie
371:Animal consciousness
209:animal consciousness
190:feels like something
5943:Heterophenomenology
5856:Attentional control
5505:Lawrence Weiskrantz
5333:Patricia Churchland
5168:Brian O'Shaughnessy
5153:Arthur Schopenhauer
5085:( 139 )
4911:Etica & Animali
4897:Between the Species
4621:An American Trilogy
4314:Humanitarian League
3925:Frances Power Cobbe
3537:Arthur Schopenhauer
3532:Henry Stephens Salt
3412:Edward Payson Evans
3106:Stephen R. L. Clark
2963:War of the currents
2852:Wildlife management
2746:Pain in crustaceans
2741:Pain in cephalopods
2222:decapod crustaceans
1679:Scientific American
1569:Between the Species
1133:Scientific American
1041:2001Natur.413..781D
691:AI interpretability
491:Treaty of Amsterdam
409:decapod crustaceans
77:moral consideration
6243:Wider than the Sky
6210:The Conscious Mind
6013:Philosophy of mind
5993:Neurophenomenology
5968:Locked-in syndrome
5963:Knowledge argument
5627:Philosophy of mind
5248:George Henry Lewes
5218:Douglas Hofstadter
4848:Unlocking the Cage
4669:Wild Animal Ethics
4493:The Ethics of Diet
4370:Animalist Movement
4346:Animal Politics EU
4258:Sentience Politics
3884:That Vegan Teacher
3497:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3482:José Ferrater Mora
3291:Steve F. Sapontzis
2784:Commercial fishing
2736:Pain in amphibians
2726:Cruelty to animals
2698:Operation Backfire
2537:Animal agriculture
2445:Emotion in animals
1863:Russell, Stuart J.
1820:The New York Times
1294:(Volume 2): pp.760
768:Philosophy of mind
608:philosophy of mind
507:
437:narrow sentientist
413:
242:Sentience quotient
79:, particularly in
58:
52:, as well as many
6280:
6279:
5978:Mindâbody problem
5928:Flash suppression
5888:Cartesian theater
5873:Binocular rivalry
5819:
5818:
5685:Mindâbody dualism
5614:
5613:
5601:Victor J. Stenger
5576:Erwin Schrödinger
5530:Stanislas Dehaene
5510:Michael Gazzaniga
5394:Donald D. Hoffman
5278:John Polkinghorne
5258:Gottfried Leibniz
5093:
5092:
5086:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5034:Onward to Freedom
5002:Animal Liberation
4987:
4986:
4808:Forks Over Knives
4760:Peaceable Kingdom
4720:Shores of Silence
4712:A Cow at My Table
4597:Eternal Treblinka
4549:Animal Liberation
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4328:
4327:
4263:Uncaged Campaigns
4238:Mercy for Animals
4203:Great Ape Project
4118:Animal Liberation
4064:(groups, parties)
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
3950:Elizabeth Farians
3859:Christine Townend
3799:Heather Nicholson
3724:Brigitte GothiĂšre
3714:Antoine Goetschel
3600:
3599:
3261:Charles Patterson
3166:Gary L. Francione
3141:Josephine Donovan
3131:Daniel Dombrowski
3111:Alasdair Cochrane
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
2906:
2905:
2837:Predation problem
2721:Animal euthanasia
2630:Foam depopulation
2465:Insects in ethics
2158:978-0-19-196672-9
1652:. 1 December 2009
1607:Francione, Gary.
1392:978-81-88769-30-8
1363:978-1-57062-910-5
1341:978-0-941532-90-7
743:Mindâbody problem
576:Digital sentience
570:catch and release
478:, considers that
270:Eastern religions
259:Eastern religions
253:logarithmic scale
104:perceive emotions
16:(Redirected from
6330:
6270:
6269:
6260:
6259:
6102:Unconscious mind
5730:Reflexive monism
5725:Property dualism
5700:New mysterianism
5660:Epiphenomenalism
5640:Computationalism
5635:Anomalous monism
5623:
5622:
5515:Michael Graziano
5485:Francisco Varela
5389:Carl Gustav Jung
5353:Thomas Metzinger
5323:Martin Heidegger
5303:Kenneth M. Sayre
5163:Bertrand Russell
5138:
5137:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5084:
5079:
5078:
4890:Animal Sentience
4879:
4878:
4744:Legally Blonde 2
4704:The Animals Film
4458:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4253:Rise for Animals
4078:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4057:
4056:
3920:Edith Carrington
3824:Craig Rosebraugh
3784:Virginia McKenna
3774:Jo-Anne McArthur
3704:Juliet Gellatley
3609:
3608:
3567:Mary Anne Warren
3507:Humphrey Primatt
3492:Edward Nicholson
3462:Charles R. Magel
3427:Thomas G. Gentry
3286:Richard D. Ryder
3226:Thomas Lepeltier
3056:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3000:World Animal Day
2958:Unnecessary Fuss
2918:Brown Dog affair
2888:Animals in sport
2878:Animal slaughter
2873:Animal sacrifice
2812:Culling wildlife
2615:Wildlife farming
2533:
2532:
2378:Animal cognition
2347:Total liberation
2282:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2163:
2162:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2023:. Archived from
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1949:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1894:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1703:Reynolds, Matt.
1700:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1575:(1): Article 3.
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1343:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1052:
1050:10.1038/35101669
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1004:. Douglas Harper
1002:Etymology Online
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
963:
954:
953:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
917:
911:
910:
901:
899:
889:
880:
869:
868:
866:
865:
842:
826:
813:
617:type physicalism
566:Jennifer Jacquet
540:Animals such as
536:Sentient animals
487:animal sentience
429:Richard D. Ryder
375:Animal cognition
347:Tibetan Buddhism
198:new mysterianism
21:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6283:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6248:
6131:
6107:Unconsciousness
5918:Explanatory gap
5868:Binding problem
5815:
5749:
5610:
5596:Susan Blackmore
5549:
5540:Stuart Hameroff
5460:Antonio Damasio
5443:
5439:Wolfgang Köhler
5377:
5338:Paul Churchland
5243:George Berkeley
5213:Donald Davidson
5129:
5124:
5094:
5089:
5059:
5040:
4983:
4964:Muutoksen kevÀt
4937:
4870:
4776:Behind the Mask
4691:
4501:Animals' Rights
4452:
4433:
4417:
4324:
4292:
4065:
4039:
3900:Cleveland Amory
3888:
3854:Darren Thurston
3849:Marianne Thieme
3699:Bruce Friedrich
3664:Joey Carbstrong
3649:Brigitte Bardot
3596:
3587:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3477:J. Howard Moore
3422:John Galsworthy
3402:Wilhelm Dietler
3345:
3341:Corey Lee Wrenn
3251:Martha Nussbaum
3161:Lawrence Finsen
3101:Paola Cavalieri
3076:Kristin Andrews
3051:
3041:
3019:
2988:
2967:
2902:
2856:
2798:
2770:
2731:Pain in animals
2707:
2639:
2605:Poultry farming
2524:
2356:
2276:
2265:
2260:
2207:, April 2, 2023
2171:
2169:Further reading
2166:
2159:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2044:livescience.com
2036:
2032:
1985:
1981:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1883:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1830:
1812:
1805:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1514:Birch, Jonathan
1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1350:
1346:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1281:
1277:
1244:(5): e1085138.
1230:
1226:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1106:10.2307/2183914
1086:
1082:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
964:
957:
944:
943:
939:
930:
928:
919:
918:
914:
897:
895:
887:
881:
872:
863:
861:
843:
839:
835:
830:
802:
797:
728:Explanatory gap
713:Binding problem
703:
695:brain emulation
639:". LaMDA is an
584:
578:
538:
499:
460:also bases his
393:
387:Pain in animals
365:Main articles:
363:
294:sentient beings
267:
261:
244:
225:
174:
142:Antonio Damasio
128:
88:science fiction
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Sentient beings
15:
12:
11:
5:
6336:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6264:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6147:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6117:Visual masking
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6067:Sentiocentrism
6064:
6059:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:Neutral monism
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5675:Interactionism
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5606:Wolfgang Pauli
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5535:Steven Laureys
5532:
5527:
5522:
5520:Patrick Wilken
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5490:Gerald Edelman
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5465:Benjamin Libet
5462:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5419:Max Wertheimer
5416:
5411:
5406:
5404:Gustav Fechner
5401:
5399:Franz Brentano
5396:
5391:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5373:William Seager
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5348:René Descartes
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5298:Keith Frankish
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5238:Galen Strawson
5235:
5230:
5225:
5223:Edmund Husserl
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5203:David Papineau
5200:
5195:
5193:David Chalmers
5190:
5188:Daniel Dennett
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5158:Baruch Spinoza
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4997:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4885:
4883:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4736:Meet Your Meat
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4533:The New Ethics
4529:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4364:Animals' Party
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:AnimaNaturalis
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4103:Animal Justice
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4035:Gretchen Wyler
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3965:Lewis Gompertz
3962:
3957:
3955:Emarel Freshel
3952:
3947:
3945:Muriel Dowding
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3879:Gary Yourofsky
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3794:Ingrid Newkirk
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Charlotte Laws
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3659:Yves Bonnardel
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Martin Balluch
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Steven M. Wise
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Bernard Rollin
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3487:Leonard Nelson
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Herman Daggett
3389:
3384:
3382:Priscilla Cohn
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Jeremy Bentham
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Jessica Pierce
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Kyle Johannsen
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:David DeGrazia
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Carol J. Adams
3062:
3060:
3053:
3043:
3042:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:Pit of despair
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:Abandoned pets
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2713:Animal welfare
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2688:Model organism
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2645:Animal testing
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Working animal
2617:
2612:
2610:Slaughterhouse
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Insect farming
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Animal product
2541:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2500:Sentiocentrism
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Animal welfare
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2213:The New Yorker
2208:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2129:
2105:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2027:on 2007-12-10.
1999:(3): 417â424.
1979:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1895:
1881:
1851:
1849:, p. 986.
1839:
1803:
1778:
1753:
1728:
1690:
1662:
1637:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1555:
1530:
1505:
1480:
1474:
1458:, ed. (1993),
1456:Doniger, Wendy
1447:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1397:
1391:
1369:
1362:
1344:
1320:
1296:
1275:
1224:
1203:
1171:
1144:
1119:
1100:(4): 435â450.
1080:
1015:
989:
955:
937:
912:
892:FCM Conference
870:
836:
834:
831:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
704:
702:
699:
683:Jonathan Birch
672:David Chalmers
633:Language Model
596:Stuart Russell
580:Main article:
577:
574:
537:
534:
514:nervous system
498:
495:
458:Gary Francione
452:Sentiocentrism
417:Jeremy Bentham
379:Animal welfare
362:
359:
260:
257:
243:
240:
228:David Chalmers
224:
221:
202:Daniel Dennett
180:in his paper "
173:
170:
166:intentionality
162:self-awareness
127:
124:
96:self-awareness
81:utilitarianism
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6335:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6308:Consciousness
6306:
6304:
6303:Animal rights
6301:
6299:
6298:Animal ethics
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6273:
6265:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6003:Phenomenology
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5933:Hallucination
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5665:Functionalism
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Roger Penrose
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Marvin Minsky
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:Eugene Wigner
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:Annaka Harris
5559:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:Giulio Tononi
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5480:Francis Crick
5478:
5476:
5475:Christof Koch
5473:
5471:
5470:Bernard Baars
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5434:William James
5432:
5430:
5429:Wilhelm Wundt
5427:
5425:
5424:Sigmund Freud
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5409:Julian Jaynes
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:William Lycan
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:Joseph Levine
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:Immanuel Kant
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:Frank Jackson
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5127:Consciousness
5121:
5116:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:Tame Yourself
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4971:No Compromise
4968:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4472:(3rd century)
4471:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4444:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4402:(Netherlands)
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4128:Animal Rising
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Animal Ethics
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Jessie Mackay
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:James Granger
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:Henry B. Amos
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Louise Wallis
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Kim Stallwood
3837:
3835:
3834:Jasmin Singer
3832:
3830:
3829:Nathan Runkle
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:David Olivier
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:John Feldmann
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Aymeric Caron
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Carole Baskin
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Laurids Smith
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:James Rachels
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:John Lawrence
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Brigid Brophy
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Tatjana ViĆĄak
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:David Sztybel
3319:
3317:
3316:Cass Sunstein
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Mark Rowlands
3279:
3277:
3276:Evelyn Pluhar
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Andrew Linzey
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:Will Kymlicka
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Dale Jamieson
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Valéry Giroux
3174:
3172:
3171:Robert Garner
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Sue Donaldson
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:J. M. Coetzee
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Tom Beauchamp
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2984:Hunt sabotage
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:Methodologies
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Hare coursing
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Chick culling
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2520:Vegetarianism
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Anthrozoology
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Animal ethics
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:Animal rights
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2095:
2094:The Spectator
2091:
2084:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1914:
1912:9780070087705
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:9780134610993
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1867:Norvig, Peter
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1626:
1625:www.bbc.co.uk
1622:
1616:
1610:
1609:Official blog
1604:
1595:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1475:0-7914-1381-0
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1442:1-898723-30-3
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1416:0-7914-3068-5
1412:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1293:
1292:0-02-865720-9
1289:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:(6858): 781.
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1003:
999:
993:
977:
973:
969:
962:
960:
951:
947:
941:
926:
922:
916:
909:
907:
906:consciousness
893:
886:
879:
877:
875:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
837:
829:
825:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:
807:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:According to
679:
677:
673:
668:
665:
661:
659:
656:, generating
655:
650:
646:
643:that creates
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
618:
615:According to
613:
612:Functionalist
609:
604:
601:
597:
591:
589:
583:
573:
571:
567:
563:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
533:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
503:
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
472:Andrew Linzey
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
453:
447:
444:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
424:
423:
418:
410:
407:molluscs and
406:
402:
397:
392:
388:
384:
383:Animal rights
380:
376:
372:
368:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
321:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
301:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
256:
254:
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:According to
172:Consciousness
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:consciousness
135:
134:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:consciousness
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
55:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
6241:
6227:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6142:
6087:Subconscious
6061:
6047:
6033:Quantum mind
5525:Roger Sperry
5500:Karl Pribram
5448:Neuroscience
5358:Thomas Nagel
5233:Fred Dretske
5208:David Pearce
5183:Colin McGinn
5051:
5032:
5024:
5016:
5008:
5000:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4814:
4806:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4774:
4766:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4734:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4320:Oxford Group
4188:Every Animal
4081:Contemporary
4030:Andrew Tyler
4020:Nell Shipman
3960:André Géraud
3869:Jerry Vlasak
3844:Lynda Stoner
3819:Alex Pacheco
3749:Evanna Lynch
3744:Howard Lyman
3729:Wayne Hsiung
3689:Chris DeRose
3679:Rod Coronado
3612:Contemporary
3552:Thomas Tryon
3472:Mary Midgley
3467:Jean Meslier
3447:Soame Jenyns
3437:John Hildrop
3432:Arthur Helps
3397:Richard Dean
3372:Peter Buchan
3311:Gary Steiner
3306:Peter Singer
3301:JĂ©rĂŽme Segal
3266:David Pearce
3256:Clare Palmer
3246:David Nibert
3236:Clair Linzey
3146:Joan Dunayer
3071:Aysha Akhtar
3059:Contemporary
2928:McLibel case
2883:Animal trial
2842:Seal hunting
2804:Wild animals
2789:Fishing bait
2751:Pain in fish
2570:Fish farming
2550:Battery cage
2470:Meat paradox
2427:
2368:Abolitionism
2211:
2205:The Guardian
2204:
2139:
2132:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:
2083:
2072:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2025:the original
1996:
1992:
1982:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1902:
1899:Rich, Elaine
1870:
1854:
1842:
1831:. Retrieved
1819:
1795:. Retrieved
1793:. 2024-04-19
1790:
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1768:. 2023-06-25
1765:
1756:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:
1731:
1720:. Retrieved
1708:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:
1654:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1629:. Retrieved
1627:. 2009-08-03
1624:
1615:
1603:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:
1533:
1524:
1508:
1497:. Retrieved
1493:
1483:
1460:
1450:
1431:
1424:
1406:
1400:
1378:
1372:
1353:
1347:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1308:
1299:
1283:
1278:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1184:
1162:. Retrieved
1157:
1147:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1001:
992:
980:. Retrieved
975:
971:
949:
940:
929:. Retrieved
927:. 2024-07-18
924:
915:
903:
896:. Retrieved
891:
862:. Retrieved
851:The Guardian
850:
840:
823:
818:
817:
810:
805:
804:
680:
669:
664:Nick Bostrom
662:
622:
605:
600:Peter Norvig
592:
585:
558:
539:
526:
508:
484:
480:Christianity
474:, a British
470:
462:abolitionist
456:
448:
440:
436:
427:
420:
414:
329:
324:
318:
312:
297:
293:
268:
245:
235:
231:
226:
206:
194:Colin McGinn
189:
178:Thomas Nagel
175:
154:intelligence
131:
129:
85:
60:
59:
54:invertebrate
5720:Physicalism
5715:Parallelism
5710:Panpsychism
5680:Materialism
5655:Emergentism
5545:Wolf Singer
5414:Kurt Koffka
5343:Philip Goff
5318:Michael Tye
5313:Max Velmans
5293:Karl Popper
5283:John Searle
5268:John Eccles
5253:Georges Rey
4875:Periodicals
4752:The Meatrix
4728:The Witness
4342:(Australia)
4316:(1891â1919)
4198:Faunalytics
4025:Henry Spira
4015:Hans Ruesch
4005:Jill Phipps
4000:Norm Phelps
3980:Barry Horne
3940:Royal Dixon
3935:Karen Davis
3915:Ernest Bell
3809:Ric O'Barry
3804:Jack Norris
3769:Dan Mathews
3674:Jake Conroy
3644:Barbi Twins
3619:James Aspey
3557:Gary Varner
3547:John Styles
3387:Henry Crowe
3336:Paul Waldau
3326:Michael Tye
3221:Renan Larue
3206:Melanie Joy
3191:Oscar Horta
3186:John Hadley
3156:Catia Faria
3151:Mylan Engel
3121:Alice Crary
3091:Steven Best
3086:Marc Bekoff
3052:and writers
2993:Observances
2898:Live export
2832:Ivory trade
2703:Vivisection
2678:Green Scare
2575:Fur farming
2480:Open rescue
2475:Nonviolence
2226:cephalopods
2218:vertebrates
1272:. 27066168.
972:SFRA Review
783:Turing test
753:Omniscience
748:Mirror test
738:Ideasthesia
522:nociceptors
510:Nociception
433:sentientism
391:Sentientism
351:Bodhisattva
217:vertebrates
118:in Western
50:vertebrates
6313:Personhood
6287:Categories
6112:Upanishads
5913:Experience
5878:Blindsight
5705:Nondualism
5586:Max Planck
5566:David Bohm
5382:Psychology
5273:John Locke
5198:David Hume
5141:Philosophy
4864:Seaspiracy
4768:Earthlings
4408:(Portugal)
4382:DierAnimal
4297:Historical
4093:Animal Aid
3985:Marie Huot
3930:Joan Court
3910:Bob Barker
3893:Historical
3779:LuĂsa Mell
3759:Keith Mann
3754:Bill Maher
3739:Ronnie Lee
3709:Tal Gilboa
3684:Karen Dawn
3624:Greg Avery
3502:Rod Preece
3417:T. Forster
3377:Mona Caird
3350:Historical
3211:Hilda Kean
3181:Lori Gruen
2515:Vegaphobia
2505:Speciesism
2398:Animal law
2123:2023-06-22
2099:2023-06-23
2074:2022-06-14
2049:2022-06-14
1833:2023-06-23
1797:2024-06-08
1772:2024-06-08
1747:2024-06-08
1722:2024-06-06
1684:2024-06-08
1656:2024-03-10
1631:2024-03-10
1549:2024-06-29
1499:2024-06-29
1314:2024-03-10
1309:Britannica
1138:2024-03-10
1008:31 January
998:"Sentient"
982:31 January
931:2024-07-21
864:2024-06-09
833:References
708:Blindsight
649:algorithms
476:theologian
442:Earthlings
405:cephalopod
290:non-humans
288:recognise
272:including
263:See also:
207:Regarding
150:creativity
120:philosophy
106:, such as
6127:Yogachara
6062:Sentience
5923:Free will
5863:Awareness
5851:Attention
5740:Solipsism
5455:Anil Seth
5328:Ned Block
5018:Manifesto
4957:Bite Back
4942:Magazines
4816:Vegucated
4414:(Germany)
4412:V-ParteiÂł
4390:(Germany)
4384:(Belgium)
4360:(Finland)
4183:Equanimal
3789:Morrissey
3764:Jim Mason
3719:Mark Gold
3654:Gene Baur
3629:Matt Ball
3605:Activists
3517:Tom Regan
3296:Jeff Sebo
3241:Dan Lyons
3050:Academics
3038:Advocates
2893:Live food
2693:Nafovanny
2600:Livestock
2580:Fur trade
2555:Bile bear
2490:Personism
2285:Overviews
2013:1469-1825
1956:2296-9144
1828:0362-4331
1717:1059-1028
1059:1476-4687
859:0261-3077
778:Solipsism
718:Causality
562:neocortex
69:reasoning
65:awareness
61:Sentience
6262:Category
5998:Ontology
5953:Illusion
5670:Idealism
5619:Theories
5081:Category
4950:Arkangel
4882:Journals
4856:Dominion
4792:The Cove
4422:Activism
4366:(Sweden)
4354:(Canada)
4348:(Europe)
4062:Movement
3592:Voltaire
2510:Veganism
2460:Ethology
2361:Concepts
2224:... and
2021:55303721
1974:33500925
1891:20190474
1869:(2021).
1791:NBC News
1766:euronews
1544:Futurism
1305:"ahimsa"
1270:27066168
1221:: 41â53.
1190:Archived
1067:11677584
898:5 August
701:See also
654:emotions
645:chatbots
546:chickens
466:Singer's
431:defines
339:Mahayana
278:Buddhism
274:Hinduism
158:sapience
133:sentiens
92:sapience
32:Sapience
6272:Commons
6049:Purusha
6038:Reentry
5831:Agnosia
5754:Science
5134:Figures
4396:(Italy)
4378:(Spain)
4372:(Italy)
4333:Parties
2822:Hunting
2776:Fishing
2435:Carnism
1965:7805708
1261:4802748
1196:Sep 12,
1164:19 June
1114:2183914
1037:Bibcode
978:: 14â18
952:. 2023.
554:insects
401:octopus
335:Skandha
305:SaáčsÄra
286:Jainism
282:Sikhism
98:", or "
6196:Psyche
6043:Sakshi
6028:Qualia
5824:Topics
5690:Monism
5554:Others
5083:
5056:(2003)
5037:(2014)
5029:(2014)
5021:(2008)
5013:(1991)
5005:(1987)
4993:Albums
4867:(2021)
4859:(2018)
4851:(2016)
4843:(2013)
4835:(2013)
4827:(2013)
4819:(2011)
4811:(2011)
4803:(2009)
4795:(2009)
4787:(2007)
4779:(2006)
4771:(2005)
4763:(2004)
4755:(2003)
4747:(2003)
4739:(2002)
4731:(2000)
4723:(2000)
4715:(1998)
4707:(1981)
4688:(2022)
4680:(2022)
4672:(2020)
4664:(2018)
4656:(2016)
4648:(2014)
4640:(2012)
4632:(2010)
4624:(2009)
4616:(2008)
4608:(2005)
4600:(2001)
4592:(1999)
4584:(1995)
4576:(1993)
4568:(1987)
4560:(1983)
4552:(1975)
4544:(1971)
4536:(1907)
4528:(1906)
4520:(1899)
4512:(1897)
4504:(1892)
4496:(1883)
4488:(1838)
4480:(1824)
4074:Groups
2529:Issues
2373:Ahimsa
2175:Canada
2155:
2069:Medium
2019:
2011:
1972:
1962:
1954:
1940:: 39.
1909:
1889:
1879:
1826:
1715:
1472:
1439:
1413:
1389:
1360:
1339:
1290:
1268:
1258:
1112:
1075:226085
1073:
1065:
1057:
1029:Nature
857:
793:Wisdom
625:Google
548:, and
389:, and
309:ahimsa
300:sattva
284:, and
211:, the
186:qualia
164:, and
116:qualia
73:ethics
6136:Works
5883:Brain
4978:Satya
4696:Films
4461:Books
4283:Viva!
2911:Cases
2861:Other
2118:ZDNET
2017:S2CID
1709:Wired
1521:(PDF)
1110:JSTOR
1071:S2CID
888:(PDF)
800:Notes
658:Aesop
629:LaMDA
320:ajīva
112:grief
6077:Soul
5973:Mind
4223:L214
2943:SHAC
2153:ISBN
2009:ISSN
1970:PMID
1952:ISSN
1907:ISBN
1887:LCCN
1877:ISBN
1824:ISSN
1742:Aeon
1713:ISSN
1650:CIWF
1470:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1266:PMID
1198:2021
1166:2014
1063:PMID
1055:ISSN
1010:2021
984:2021
900:2020
855:ISSN
637:soul
598:and
550:fish
542:pigs
518:pain
345:and
325:jīva
314:jīva
146:mind
108:fear
94:", "
2145:doi
2001:doi
1960:PMC
1942:doi
1577:doi
1494:BBC
1256:PMC
1246:doi
1219:104
1102:doi
1045:doi
1033:413
976:315
627:'s
419:in
399:An
355:vow
343:Zen
110:or
6289::
2220:,
2151:.
2116:.
2092:.
2067:.
2042:.
2015:.
2007:.
1995:.
1991:.
1968:.
1958:.
1950:.
1936:.
1932:.
1885:.
1865:;
1822:.
1818:.
1806:^
1789:.
1764:.
1740:.
1711:.
1707:.
1693:^
1677:.
1665:^
1648:.
1623:.
1591:^
1571:.
1567:.
1542:.
1523:.
1492:.
1468:,
1464:,
1307:.
1264:.
1254:.
1240:.
1236:.
1217:.
1174:^
1131:.
1108:.
1098:83
1096:.
1092:.
1069:.
1061:.
1053:.
1043:.
1031:.
1027:.
1000:.
974:.
970:.
958:^
948:.
923:.
902:.
890:.
873:^
853:.
849:.
819:b.
806:a.
610:.
544:,
385:,
381:,
377:,
373:,
369:,
280:,
276:,
160:,
156:,
152:,
122:.
83:.
67:,
6238:"
6234:"
5119:e
5112:t
5105:v
2255:e
2248:t
2241:v
2199:"
2161:.
2147::
2126:.
2102:.
2077:.
2052:.
2003::
1997:3
1976:.
1944::
1938:5
1915:.
1893:.
1836:.
1800:.
1775:.
1750:.
1725:.
1687:.
1659:.
1634:.
1585:.
1579::
1573:7
1552:.
1527:.
1502:.
1366:.
1317:.
1248::
1242:8
1200:.
1168:.
1141:.
1116:.
1104::
1077:.
1047::
1039::
1012:.
986:.
934:.
867:.
631:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
