1120:
25:
1078:
minister Seo bluntly told
General Xiao that the Khitan had no basis for claims to former Balhae territory. Since the Goryeo dynasty was, without question, successor to the former Goguryeo kingdom, that land rightfully belonged under Goryeo's domain. In a cleverly veiled threat, Sŏ Hŭi reminded General Xiao that the Liaodong Peninsula had also once been under the dominion of
1002:, which stated that the ideal Emperor should understand the suffering of farmers and directly experience their toil. Seongjong followed this principle and established a policy by which district officials were appointed by the central government, and all privately owned weapons were collected to be recast into agricultural tools.
1083:
returned to Liao without having achieved their goals, but the invasion ended with the Khitan giving up territory along the southern Yalu River to
Seongjong. Sŏ Hŭi's brilliant diplomatic maneuver underscored his correct understanding of both the contemporary international situation and Goryeo's position in the region.
1050:
attacks against the Khitan. Goryeo warriors finally halted Xiao
Sunning's army at the Cheongcheon River. In the face of such quick and determined resistance, the Khitan decided that further attempts to conquer the entire peninsula would be far too costly, and sought instead to negotiate a settlement with Goryeo.
1082:
and that the
Manchurian territories, including the Khitan capital at Liaoyang, should properly belong to Goryeo. In a remarkable conclusion, minister So obtained Khitan consent to allow the region up to the Yalu River to be incorporated into Goryeo territory. General Xiao and the Khitan army not only
1074:, commander of an army group north of Anju. While the bureaucrats argued in Kaesong, General Xiao launched a sudden attack across the Cheongcheon River, directly on the Goryeo army headquarters in Anju. The Khitan assault was quickly repulsed, but it agitated the royal court to a state of near panic.
1005:
Seongjong set out to establish the Goryeo state as a centralized
Confucian monarchy. In 983, he established the system of twelve mok, the administrative divisions which prevailed for most of the rest of the Goryeo period, and sent learned men to each of the mok to oversee local education, as a means
1049:
In bloody back-and-forth warfare, the fierce resistance of Goryeo soldiers at first slowed, then considerably hampered the Khitan advance at the city of
Pongsan-gun. But Goryeo's army never surrendered. It stood firm against frontal attacks, broke to retreat and lay ambushes, and launched flanking
1077:
In an effort to calm the court nobility, minister Sŏ Hŭi volunteered to negotiate directly with
General Xiao. Both parties knew that a key factor influencing the negotiations was the heavy pressure being exerted on the Liao state by Song dynasty. In face-to-face talks with his Khitan counterpart,
1069:
began a heated debate about the Khitan ultimatum. Government officials believed that acceding to
General Xiao would prevent further Khitan incursions and urged the court to appease the Liao emperor. Many of the senior military commanders who had recently faced the Khitan army on the battlefield
1065:. He asked that Goryeo sever its relations with Song dynasty and, in the boldest demand of all, that Seongjong accept vassal status under the Liao emperor and pay a set annual tribute to the Liao state. Instead of and rejecting General Xiao's demands outright, the royal court at
1086:
The Khitan withdrew and ceded territory to the east of the Yalu River when Goryeo agreed to end its alliance with Song
Dynasty. However, Goryeo continued to communicate with Song, having strengthened its position by building fortress in the newly gained northern territories.
1006:
of integrating the country aristocracy into the new bureaucratic system. Talented sons of the country aristocrats were educated so that they could pass the civil service examinations and be appointed to official government posts in the capital.
1025:
invasion. Seongjong quickly mobilized the military and divided his forces into three army groups to take up defensive positions in the northwest. Advanced units of the Goryeo army marched northwestward from their headquarters near modern
1417:
1041:
That
October, a massive Khitan army said to number nearly 800,000 men (in fact 60,000 men) under the command of General Xiao Sunning swarmed out of Liao from the Naewon-song Fortress and surged across the
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981:
died in 981. After he ascended the throne, Seongjong was at first content not to interfere with the provincial lords, and to appease the artistocrats from the former state of
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In September, 995 (the 14th year of Seongjong‘s reign), the nation was divided into ten provinces for the first time, which formed the basis for the modern day
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and began to create a Confucian-style government. Ch'oe Sung-no suggested that Seongjong would be able to complete the reforms of
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into Goryeo. Waves of Khitan warriors swept across the river and fanned out over the countryside.
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Tr. by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Schulz, based on the Korean rev. ed. of 1979. Seoul: Ilchogak.
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The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368
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Seongjong was born on 15 January 961, the second son of Daejong, and a grandson of
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opposed accepting General Xiao’s terms, including Official
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continued with the second and third campaigns until 1018.
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Great King Yangjeong Heonmyeong Gwanghyo Jangheon Gangwi
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985:, Seongjong married a woman of the Silla royal clan.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1057:demanded the surrender of the former territory of
957:(15 January 961 – 29 November 997), personal name
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1316:Lady Yeonchang of the Gyeongju Choe clan
1341:Portrayed by Kim Myung-soo in the 2009
1286:Consorts and their respective issue(s):
234:Naecheon Royal Temple, Gaegyeong Goryeo
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1304:Queen Munhwa of the Seonsan Kim clan
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1453:The History of Korea, 2nd Edition
1038:to personally direct operations.
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1598:People of the Goryeo–Khitan War
34:needs additional citations for
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1485:A new history of Korea.
1372:First Goryeo-Khitan War
1161:"Seongjong of Goryeo"
58:"Seongjong of Goryeo"
1504:Seongjong of Goryeo
1142:improve this section
881:1330–1332; 1339–1344
875:1313–1330; 1332–1339
669:Revised Romanization
591:Revised Romanization
519:Revised Romanization
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182:Gyeongjong of Goryeo
43:improve this article
1588:People from Kaesong
1483:Lee, K.-b. (1984).
1392:"History of Sangju"
955:Seongjong of Goryeo
124:Seongjong of Goryeo
1336:In popular culture
1092:Goryeo-Khitan Wars
1011:Provinces of Korea
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243:Gangneung (강릉, 康陵)
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32:This article
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1467:. Retrieved
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1433:. Retrieved
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1399:. Retrieved
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1328:Queen Wonhwa
1272:Queen Heonae
1254:Queen Seonui
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1140:Please help
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1055:Xiao Sunning
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987:
972:
958:
954:
953:
746:
404:
394:Queen Seonui
330:
326:
321:
314:
310:
305:
285:Queen Wonhwa
259:Queen Munhwa
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1396:Sangju City
405:Korean name
341:Temple name
325:(양정헌명광효장헌강위
205:Wang Ch'i (
178:Predecessor
1578:997 deaths
1573:961 births
1567:Categories
1538:Gyeongjong
1401:23 January
1378:References
1345:TV series
1202:March 2024
1172:newspapers
1044:Yalu River
975:King Taejo
965:of Korea.
891:Chungjeong
861:Chungnyeol
825:Myeongjong
741:Gyeongjong
476:Birth name
333:大王; final)
161:Coronation
99:March 2024
69:newspapers
1129:does not
1036:Pyongyang
959:Wang Ch'i
917:1389–1392
911:1388–1389
905:1374–1388
899:1351–1374
893:1348–1351
887:1344–1348
869:1308–1313
867:Chungseon
863:1274–1308
857:1259–1274
851:1213–1259
845:1211–1213
839:1204–1211
833:1197–1204
827:1170–1197
821:1146–1170
815:1122–1146
809:1105–1122
803:1095–1105
797:1094–1095
791:1083–1094
779:1046–1083
773:1034–1046
767:1031–1034
761:1009–1031
759:Hyeonjong
747:Seongjong
735:Gwangjong
539:Wang Ch'i
455:Seongjong
222:Gaegyeong
188:Successor
168:Gaegyeong
1549:981–997
1356:See also
1321:연창궁부인 최씨
1276:Sister:
1270:Sister:
1252:Mother:
1225:Father:
1080:Goguryeo
915:Gongyang
885:Chungmok
879:Chunghye
873:Chungsuk
843:Gangjong
795:Heonjong
789:Seonjong
765:Deokjong
755:997–1009
525:Wang Chi
469:Sŏngjong
313:대왕, 康威章憲
277:Daughter
224:, Goryeo
1555:Mokjong
1469:30 July
1435:30 July
1297:문덕왕후 유씨
1186:scholar
1150:removed
1135:sources
1104:Mokjong
1067:Kaesong
897:Gongmin
855:Wonjong
837:Huijong
831:Sinjong
801:Sukjong
783:Sunjong
777:Munjong
753:Mokjong
749:981–997
743:975–981
737:949–975
731:945–949
725:943–945
723:Hyejong
719:918–943
369:Dynasty
266:Consort
155:981–997
83:scholar
1520:
1491:
1460:
1426:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1110:Family
1072:Sŏ Hŭi
1059:Balhae
1023:Khitan
849:Gojong
819:Uijong
813:Injong
807:Yejong
708:Goryeo
626:Hangul
554:Hangul
482:Hangul
412:Hangul
390:Mother
380:Father
374:Goryeo
239:Burial
211:;
172:Goryeo
146:Goryeo
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1522:Died:
1515:Born:
1232:고려 대종
1193:JSTOR
1179:books
1098:Death
983:Silla
969:Reign
909:Chang
717:Taejo
645:Hanja
611:On'go
570:Hanja
498:Hanja
428:Hanja
357:House
322:Munui
309:(강위장헌
306:Munui
152:Reign
134:高麗 成宗
128:고려 성종
90:JSTOR
76:books
1489:ISBN
1471:2016
1458:ISBN
1437:2016
1424:ISBN
1403:2024
1343:KBS2
1165:news
1133:any
1131:cite
1090:The
1028:Anju
785:1083
597:Ongo
362:Wang
229:Died
202:Born
142:King
62:news
1144:by
1061:to
165:981
144:of
45:by
1569::
1394:.
1324:)
1235:)
1106:.
1013:.
659:大王
635:대왕
633:문의
561:온고
489:왕치
419:성종
331:文懿
327:문의
315:文懿
311:문의
214:王治
208:왕치
170:,
1495:.
1473:.
1439:.
1405:.
1351:.
1318:(
1294:(
1229:(
1215:)
1209:(
1204:)
1200:(
1190:·
1183:·
1176:·
1169:·
1152:.
1138:.
943:e
936:t
929:v
903:U
656:懿
653:文
581:古
578:溫
509:治
506:王
439:宗
436:成
217:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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