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1085:" in Leningrad. The same author claims 104 defendants who were already in prison at the time of Kirov's assassination, and who had no demonstrable connection to Nikolayev, were found guilty of complicity in the "fascist plot" against Kirov, and summarily executed; however, a few days later, during a subsequent Communist Party meeting of the Moscow District, the party secretary announced in a speech that Nikolayev had been personally interrogated by Stalin the day after the assassination, something unheard-of for a party leader such as Stalin to have done. He said: "Comrade Stalin personally directed the investigation of Kirov's assassination. He questioned Nikolayev at length. The leaders of the Opposition placed the gun in Nikolayev's hand!"
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searched. It is an unusually suspicious circumstance that when the
Chekist assigned to protect Kirov was being brought for an interrogation, on 2 December 1934, he was killed in a car "accident" in which no other occupants of the car were harmed. After the murder of Kirov, top functionaries of the Leningrad NKVD were relieved of their duties and were given very light sentences, but in 1937 they were shot. We can assume that they were shot in order to cover the traces of the organizers of Kirov's killing.
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1141:, as having knowledge of the Kirov murder. Kirchakov confirmed that he did talk to Shatunovskaya and Trunina about some of the unexplained aspects of the Kirov murder case and agreed to provide the commission with a written deposition. He stressed that his statement was based on the testimony of one Comrade Yan Olsky, a former NKVD officer who was demoted after Kirov's murder and transferred to the People's Supply System.
887:, inhabited by all sorts of people, he walked to work, wandered on his own around the streets of the city, took his children for rides in his car and played hide-and-seek with them in the yard ... as if to emphasize that Stalin lived in the Kremlin, with guards, didn't wander the streets or play hide-and-seek with his children, thus underlining the idea that Stalin was afraid of the people, whereas Kirov was not.
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1097:, Abram Prigozhin, and others who had stood with Kirov in opposing Stalin (or who had simply failed to acquiesce to Stalin's views), of being "morally responsible" for Kirov's murder, and therefore guilty of complicity. Barmine also claimed that Stalin arranged the murder with the Soviet secret police, the NKVD, who armed Nikolayev and sent him to assassinate Kirov.
900:, a historian of the Soviet Union, suggests that whereas Kirov "might have toed the line as others did, on the other hand, he might have acted as a rallying point for those who wanted to oppose his dictatorship." Furthermore, Knight suggests that Kirov would not have been a willing accomplice when the full force of Stalin's terror was unleashed in Leningrad.
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argued that Kirov was in agreement with Stalin on all major issues and that on the
Seventeenth Party Congress, at least 86,5% of voting delegates were in favour of Stalin's membership of the Central Committee; hence, Stalin had little to fear from Kirov. Moreover, nothing in Nikolaev's personal diary
1218:
According to Orlov, Stalin ordered Yagoda to arrange the assassination of Kirov. Orlov said that Yagoda ordered Medved's deputy, Vania
Zaporozhets, to undertake the job. Zaporozhets returned to Leningrad in search of an assassin; in reviewing the files he found the name of Leonid Nikolayev. According
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in recent years. Various accounts of his life agree that he was an expelled party member and a failed junior functionary, with a murderous grudge and an indifference to his own survival. Nikolayev was unemployed, with a wife and child, and in financial difficulties. According to Orlov, Nikolayev had
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soon after being released from prison. In 1906, he was arrested once again, but this time jailed for over three years, charged with printing illegal literature. Soon after his release, Kirov again took part in revolutionary activity, once again being arrested for printing illegal literature. After a
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There are reasons for the suspicion that the killer of Kirov, Nikolayev, was assisted by someone from among the people whose duty it was protect the person of Kirov. A month and a half before the killing, Nikolayev was arrested on the grounds of suspicious behavior, but he was released and not even
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Nikolayev's first attempt at killing Kirov failed. On 15 October 1934, Nikolayev packed his Nagant revolver in a briefcase and entered the Smolny
Institute where Kirov now worked. Although Nikolayev was initially passed by the main security desk at Smolny, he was arrested after an alert guard asked
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offices and made his way to the third floor unopposed, waiting in a hallway until Kirov and his bodyguard
Borisov stepped into the corridor. Borisov appeared to have stayed some 20 to 40 paces behind Kirov, with some sources alleging Borisov parted company with Kirov in order to prepare his lunch.
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as a pretext for the mass persecution of the
Communists and Social Democrats in Germany. The physical removal of Kirov meant the elimination of a future potential rival for Stalin; the principal objective, as with the fire at the Reichstag, was to manufacture an excuse for repression and control.
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Khrushchev's report, "On the Cult of
Personality and Its Consequences", was later read at closed-door Party meetings. Afterwards, new material was received by the Pospelov Committee, including the assertion by Kirov's chauffeur, Kuzin, that Commissar Borisov, Kirov's friend and bodyguard, who was
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Several NKVD officers from the
Leningrad branch were convicted of negligence for not adequately protecting Kirov and sentenced to prison terms of up to ten years. According to Barmine, none of the NKVD officers were executed in the aftermath, and none actually served time in prison. Instead, they
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With Stalin's approval, the NKVD had previously withdrawn all but four police bodyguards assigned to Kirov. These four guards accompanied Kirov each day to his offices at the Smolny
Institute and then left. On 1 December 1934, the usual guard post at the entrance to Kirov's offices was supposedly
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In his deposition, Kirchakov wrote that he had discussed Kirov's murder and the role of Fyodor Medved with Olsky. Olsky was of the firm opinion that Medved, Kirov's friend and NKVD security chief of the
Leningrad branch, was innocent of the murder. Olsky also told Kirchakov that Medved had been
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that written documents about Stalin ordering the assassination of Kirov were never found simply because they never existed and could not exist. Radzinsky believes that Stalin was behind the assassination, but given the prominent status of Kirov as a Politburo member, it would have been ordered
1194:, the Soviet Foreign Minister, was out of the country; his daughter Tanya implied that Litvinov realised this event might be an excuse for Stalin to unleash a reign of terror. This view was confirmed by Anastas Mikoyan's son, who stated that the murder of Kirov had certain similarities to the
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Other speakers duly rose to purge the Communist Party of any opposition: "The Central Committee must be pitiless—the Party must be purged... the record of every member must be scrutinized...." No one at the meeting mentioned the initial theory that fascist agents had been responsible for the
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left unmanned, even though the building housed the chief offices of the Leningrad party apparatus and was the seat of the local government. According to some reports, only a single friend, Commissar Borisov, an unarmed bodyguard of Kirov's, remained. Given the circumstances of Kirov's death,
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804:, Kirov delivered the speech called "The Speech of Comrade Stalin Is the Program of Our Party", which refers to Stalin's speech delivered at the Congress earlier. Kirov praised Stalin for everything he had done since the death of Lenin. Moreover, Kirov personally named and ridiculed
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responsible for Kirov's round-the-clock security at the Smolny Institute, was intentionally killed, and that his death in a road accident was not an accident at all. The last attempt in the Soviet Union to review the Kirov murder case was made by the Politburo Commission headed by
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After his assassination, Kirov acquired a reputation for having repeatedly stood up to Stalin in private and for becoming so popular that he was a threat to Stalin's supremacy, as he displayed some independence from Stalin. In an alleged example from 1932, Stalin wanted to have
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In the first days when Leningrad was orphaned, Stalin rushed there. He went to the place where the crime against our country was committed. The enemy did not fire at Kirov personally. No! He fired at the proletarian revolution.
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Knight's contention is supported by the fact that whereas most of the elite tried to anticipate what Stalin desired and to act accordingly, Kirov did not always do what Stalin wanted. In 1934, Stalin wanted Kirov to come to
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was declared a hero, instead of holding him responsible. Pospelov spoke to Dr. Kirchakov and former nurse Trunina, former members of the party, who had been mentioned in a letter by another member of the commission,
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The S. M. Kirov Forestry Academy in Leningrad was named after him but renamed the Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University. For many years, a huge granite and bronze statue of Kirov dominated the city of
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group. The hapless Commissar Borisov died the day after Kirov's assassination, allegedly falling from a moving truck while riding with a group of NKVD agents. According to Orlov, Borisov's wife was committed to an
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in 1931. During one of the committee sessions, Olsky said he was present when Stalin asked Leonid Nikolayev why Comrade Kirov had been killed. To this Nikolayev replied that he carried out the instruction of the
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permanently. Whereas all the other members of the Politburo would have complied, Stalin accepted that, as Kirov had no desire to leave Leningrad, he would not come to Moscow until 1938. When Stalin wanted
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At the end of the Communist Party's Seventeenth Congress in February 1934, there is reputed to have been a scandal, when Kirov topped the poll in elections to the Central Committee, and Stalin's acolyte,
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in 1893. Sergei and his sisters were raised for a brief time by their paternal grandmother, Melania Avdeyevna Kostrikova, but she could not afford to take care of them all on her small pension of 3
1119:, Secretary of the Central Committee, to form a commission to investigate the repression of the 1930s; this was the same Pospelov who had drafted the famous Secret Speech for Khrushchev at the
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745:. In Astrakhan he enforced Bolshevik power in March 1919 with liberal bloodletting; more than 4,000 were killed. When a bourgeois was caught hiding his own furniture, Kirov ordered him shot."
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to examine his briefcase, which was found to contain the revolver. A few hours later, Nikolayev's briefcase and loaded revolver were returned to him, and he was told to leave the building.
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Makers of the Russian Revolution, Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders. (This volume includes a translation of an autobiographical entry written by Kirov for a Soviet encyclopedia in c1925)
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in 1989. After two years of investigations, the working team of the Commission concluded that no materials were found to support Stalin's or NKVD's participation in Kirov's murder.
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argued: "One thing is certain: the only man who profited by the Kirov assassination was Stalin." The idea of Stalin's complicity in Kirov's assassination has been backed by
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in 1956, Khrushchev said that the murder of Kirov was organized by NKVD agents who were tasked with protecting Kirov and were eventually shot in 1937. Khrushchev entrusted
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in 1930, Kirov stated: "The General Party line is to conduct the course of our country industrialization. Based on the industrialisation, we conduct transformation of our
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in March 1917. By this time, Kirov had shortened his last name from Kostrikov to Kirov, a practice common among Russian revolutionaries of the time. Kirov began using the
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1256:, who did not find any orders of assassination in the former Soviet archives, went as far as to claim that "the conventional narratives are almost entirely myth".
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1021:. After Kirov's death, Stalin called for swift punishment of the traitors and those found negligent in Kirov's death. Nikolayev was tried alone and secretly by
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Pospelov's committee came to the conclusion that Kirov’s murder was facilitated by NKVD officers who were responsible for his security, and that NKVD chief
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allegedly told a friend he wanted to kill the head of the party control commission that had expelled him. Nikolayev's friend reported this to the NKVD.
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861:, who defected to the West, listed a series of incidents in which Kirov allegedly clashed with Stalin, based on rumours he must have heard from fellow
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1436:, the capital of Azerbaijan, erected on a hill in 1939. The statue was dismantled in January 1992, shortly after Azerbaijan gained its independence.
781:, and in 1926 was rewarded with command of the Leningrad party organization. Kirov was a close personal friend of Stalin, and a strong supporter of
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assassination. Barmine asserts Stalin even used the Kirov assassination to eliminate the remainder of the Opposition leadership, accusing
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2180:, p. 3, cited in Getty, J. Archibald (1993) "The Politics of Repression Revisited", in J. Arch Getty and Roberta T. Manning, eds.
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match in the city of Kirov, was named for him. The Kirov Prize is the oldest annual organised race in speedskating, apart from the
1166:" (meaning the NKVD) and pointed towards the group of "Chekists" (NKVD officers) standing in the room; Medved was not among them.
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Kazantseva). Their first four children had died young, while Anna (born 1883), Sergei (1886), and Yelizaveta (1889) survived.
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Kirov was married to Maria Lvovna Markus (1885–1945) since 1911, although they never formally registered their relationship.
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stated that "the negligence of the NKVD in protecting such a high party official was without precedent in the Soviet Union."
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barred from the NKVD Kirov assassination investigation. Instead, the investigation was carried out by a senior NKVD chief,
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Kirov's assassination became a major event in the history of the Soviet Union because it was used by Stalin to justify
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Murder of Kirov. P. N. Pospelov, Materials on the Question of the Murder of S. M. Kirov. 1955. (English translation)
1029:. He was sentenced to death by shooting on 29 December 1934, and the sentence was carried out that very night. The
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Conversation between John Holroyd-Doveton and Tanya, daughter of former Soviet Foreign Secretary Maxim Litvinov
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Kirov turned a corner and passed Nikolayev, who then drew his revolver and shot Kirov in the back of the neck.
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Many cities, streets, and factories were named or renamed after Kirov in Russia, including the cities of
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in 1991, many of the locations and buildings named after Kirov have been renamed, especially outside of
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1752:. Moscow Russia Valovay 28: OGIZ The State political literature publisher. pp. 106–117, 269–289.
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
588:, as one of seven children born to Miron Ivanovich Kostrikov and Yekaterina Kuzminichna Kostrikova (
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Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Stalin: The First In-depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia's Secret Archives
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Members of the Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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then allegedly enlisted Nikolayev's friend to contact him, giving him money and a loaded 7.62 mm
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Biggart, John. "The Astrakhan Rebellion: An Episode in the Career of Sergey Mironovich Kirov",
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less than 30 days later. Kirov's assassination was used by Stalin as a reason for starting the
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Candidates of the Politburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Politburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Kirov on 26 April 1912. One account states that he chose the name Kir, the Russian version of
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Members of the Secretariat of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the Politburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Members of the Politburo of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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ordered a number of ballots be destroyed so that Stalin and Kirov could share top billing.
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initially reported that Nikolayev had confessed his guilt as an assassin in the pay of a "
8:
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Members of the Orgburo of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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1522:(1921–1975), who claimed to be Kirov's daughter, was a famous tank company commander and
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but challenged by revisionist historians who argued that this theory relies primarily on
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approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast, or Kropyvnychchyna.
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accused of Kirov's death, while Tomsky committed suicide expecting his arrest by the
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Signatories of the Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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indicates that he did not carry out the assassination on his own. Alla Kirilina and
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per month. Through her connections, Melania succeeded in having Sergey placed in an
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Yakubov, Vladimir & Worth, Richard (2009). "The Soviet Light Cruisers of the
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2720:, Narimanov and Orjonikidze by Azerbaijani artist Alakbar Rezaguliyev, AZER.com
1999:"Yezhov vs. Stalin: The Causes of the Mass Repressions of 1937–1938 in the USSR"
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Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933-1938
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In his hunger for popularity, Kirov opted for the simple style. He lived on
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A portrait of Kirov from the Sergei Kirov Museum in his former apartment in
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1153:(1891–1939), a Stalin crony, mass-killing specialist, and architect of the
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officers. Kirov's reputed rivalry is a major theme of the historical novel
816:—former party allies of Stalin. Bukharin and Rykov were later tried in the
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493:; 27 March 1886 – 1 December 1934) was a Russian and Soviet politician and
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1223:, a real oppositionist underground group assassinated Kirov. Author and
710:. A second story is that Kirov based it on the name of the Persian king
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2450:"Фотоновини, фото останніх новин, купити скачати фото - Фотобанк УНІАН"
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at the age of seven, but he saw his sisters and grandmother regularly.
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labour camps for a period of time—in effect, a demotion. According to
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Kirov became commander of the Bolshevik military administration in
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1839:. (translated by Harold Shukman) London: Hutchinson. p. 218.
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On the afternoon of Saturday, 1 December 1934, Kirov's assassin,
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631:
332:
43:
2463:
2254:
1413:
1018:
934:
905:
853:
executed for writing an attack on his leadership but Kirov and
733:
writes: "During the Civil War, he was one of the swashbuckling
707:
604:
540:. Nikolaev and several alleged accomplices were convicted in a
2176:
Yakovlev, A. (28 January 1991) "O dekabr'skoi tragedii 1934",
2058:
2041:
2028:
2026:
1958:
564:
1207:
1163:
1047:
914:
692:
680:
627:
619:
3541:
14th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3383:
15th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3235:
16th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3067:
17th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1862:
Let History Judge, The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism
2304:
Getty, John Arch; Getty, John Archibald (30 January 1987).
2023:
1433:
1158:
1014:
963:
862:
825:
802:
17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
791:
16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
599:, abandoned the family around 1890, and Yekaterina died of
572:
Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov was born on 27 March [
2518:"Best View of the Bay – What Happened to Kirov's Statue?"
2167:
8 (1992). Translated from the Russian by Ranjana Saxena.
1070:-Terrorist" and sent to a Gulag, where he died in 1940.
4276:
Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
2694:
2543:"Sergei Mironovitch Kirov Poem by Rupert John Cornford"
1100:
497:
revolutionary. Kirov was an early revolutionary in the
2421:
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols
2160:
Materials on the Question of the Murder of S. M. Kirov
2686:"What Happened to Kirov's Statue in Baku?" AZER.com,
2555:
2794:
2623:
Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
1081:
power," having received money from an unidentified "
4421:
First secretaries of the Azerbaijan Communist Party
2700:
The son is not responsible for his father or is he?
1027:
Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR
614:In 1901, a group of wealthy benefactors provided a
2850:First secretaries of the Central Committee of the
2748:First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party
2482:"St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University"
1897:"Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery"
1750:Selected articles and speeches 1918–1934 (Russian)
1177:
1054:, the same NKVD officers were later shot in 1937.
3707:
2638:, vol. 54, no. 2 (April 1976), pp. 231–247.
1695:. London: George Allen & Unwin. p. 142.
1013:, with Stalin and other prominent members of the
1005:Kirov was cremated and his ashes interred in the
532:On 1 December 1934, Kirov was shot and killed by
4227:
2502:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2283:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1922:Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery
1876:Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery
1046:were transferred to executive posts in Stalin's
94:First Secretary of the Central Committee of the
2468:Українське право - інформаційно-правовий портал
2239:. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. p. 194.
2200:
2184:, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 46.
2035:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
1779:
27:Soviet politician and revolutionary (1886–1934)
2627:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
2091:
1691:Georges Haupt, and Jean-Jacques Marie (1974).
1420:, Kirovohrad was renamed Kropyvnytskyi by the
3693:
3525:
3367:
3219:
3051:
2780:
2484:. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013
2397:. New Haven and London: Yale. p. 19-21.
2395:Life and Terror in Stalin's Russia, 1934-1941
2237:Stepan Anastasovich Mikoyan: An Autobiography
1690:
1313:(formerly Zinovyevsk, now Kropyvnytskyi) and
1206:was often said to have been organized by the
946:Stalin is looking at Sergei Kirov in a coffin
765:In 1921, Kirov became First Secretary of the
2278:"Who Killed Kirov? The Crime of the Century"
2085:
797:. Namely, we centralise and collectivise."
618:for Kirov to attend an industrial school at
2416:
2414:
2348:"Did Stalin Kill Kirov and Does It Matter?"
2116:
2114:
1636:
1634:
1455:wrote an eponymous poem in his honour. The
1062:communist and refugee from the fall of the
3700:
3686:
3532:
3518:
3374:
3360:
3226:
3212:
3058:
3044:
2787:
2773:
2303:
1476:name was again used for the battlecruiser
1465:was named after him, and by extension the
769:, the Bolshevik party organization in the
74:
4391:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
2982:Presidents of Azerbaijan Republic (1991-)
1916:
1914:
1912:
206:8 January 1926 – 1 December 1934
2681:Leon Trotsky: On the Kirov Assassination
2649:
2601:(ePub ed.). Yale University Press.
2411:
2392:
2111:
2094:"Speech to 20th Congress of the C.P.S.U"
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1859:
1631:
1500:
1395:
1383:
1361:(now the Mariinsky Ballet), the massive
1276:
1186:and his campaign of terror known as the
941:
835:
752:
563:
158:1 August 1927 – 1 December 1934
4381:Perpetrators of the Red Terror (Russia)
2332:The Kirov Assassination: The New Leader
2234:
1834:
256:13 July 1930 – 1 December 1934
14:
4271:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
4228:
2705:Newspaper clippings about Sergei Kirov
2205:. Woodland Publications. p. 407.
1909:
1894:
1804:
1784:. Woodland Publications. p. 406.
1657:, cited from Russian language edition.
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1400:Bust of Kirov in Enerhetychna street,
640:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
507:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
345:10 February – 1 December 1934
323:10 February – 1 December 1934
194:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
146:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
4281:Deaths by firearm in the Soviet Union
3681:
3513:
3355:
3207:
3039:
2768:
2724:, Vol. 13:4 (Winter 2005), pp. 40-45.
2654:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2345:
2341:
2339:
2235:Mikoyan, Stepan Anastasovich (1999).
1953:The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes
1934:
1864:. Nottingham: Spokesman. p. 156.
1819:
1775:
1773:
1747:
1529:
966:, which had arrested him for various
521:ranks to become head of the party in
4411:Unsolved murders in the Soviet Union
2841:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
2330:Nikolaevsky, Boris (23 August 1941)
1996:
1824:. London: Jarrolds. pp. passim.
1449:European Speed Skating Championships
1265:verbally by Stalin to NKVD director
1101:Investigations by Soviet authorities
759:17th Congress of the Communist Party
659:year in custody, Kirov moved to the
301:23 July 1926 – 13 July 1930
2691:, Vol. 9.2 (Summer 2001), pp 40-42.
2599:The Kirov Murder and Soviet History
2137:Seventeen Moments in Soviet History
1924:, New York: Hill and Wang. p. 190.
1878:, New York: Hill and Wang. p. 268.
1822:A Secret History of Stalin's Crimes
1610:
654:and was arrested, joining with the
519:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
24:
2616:
2564:. London: Conway. pp. 82–95.
2336:
2275:
2269:
1990:
1770:
1741:
1381:, and various small settlements.
25:
4437:
2669:
2635:Slavonic and East European Review
2433:Verkhovna Rada renamed Kirovograd
2182:Stalinist Terror New Perspectives
1997:Furr, Grover (11 December 2017).
1729:Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
1445:World Speed Skating Championships
1357:(now Chistye Prudy station), the
1190:. At the time of Kirov's murder,
1064:Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919
913:moved from the Leningrad NKVD to
773:. Kirov was a loyal supporter of
108:July 1921 – January 1926
4386:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
2830:
2796:Leaders of Azerbaijan since 1918
2695:Business catalogue of Kirov town
2581:
1513:
962:Nikolayev was well known to the
920:
675:Kir, first publishing under the
645:
472:
4261:Assassinated Soviet politicians
2811:Heads of Parliament (1918-1920)
2592:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
2560:Class". In Jordan, John (ed.).
2549:
2535:
2510:
2474:
2456:
2442:
2386:
2324:
2297:
2228:
2219:
2194:
2170:
2151:
2125:
2073:
1955:, New York: Random House (1953)
1888:
1868:
1853:
1828:
1813:
1798:
1727:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2005)
1426:Constitutional Court of Ukraine
1410:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1178:Significance and responsibility
650:Kirov was a participant in the
4301:People from Urzhumsky District
4157:Governors of Saint Petersburg
2804:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
2310:. Cambridge University Press.
2201:Holroyd-Doveton, John (2013).
1780:Holroyd-Doveton, John (2013).
1721:
1709:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1585:
1570:
1424:on 14 July 2016. In 2019, the
1418:Ukrainian decommunization laws
1172:Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev
699:calendar of saints' days, and
665:abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
622:. After gaining his degree in
13:
1:
4416:Residents of the Benois House
4291:Assassination of Sergei Kirov
4210:indicate acting officeholders
3722:Saint Petersburg Governorate
3709:Governors of Saint Petersburg
2352:The Journal of Modern History
1604:
1451:. The English communist poet
831:
767:Communist Party of Azerbaijan
737:in the North Caucasus beside
559:
81:
32:Eastern Slavic naming customs
2587:
2393:Thurston, Robert W. (1996).
2079:
2067:
2052:
2004:Journal of Labor and Society
1984:
1969:
1281:Kirov on a 1956 Soviet stamp
1219:to another Soviet defector,
1151:Yefim Georgievich Yevdokimov
994:
663:, where he stayed until the
142:Leningrad Regional Committee
7:
4306:People from Urzhumsky Uyezd
2709:20th Century Press Archives
2652:Stalin and the Kirov Murder
2588:Barmine, Alexander (1945).
2545:. Poem Hunter. 10 May 2011.
2346:Lenoe, Matt (1 June 2002).
2203:Maxim Litvinov: A Biography
1782:Maxim Litvinov: A Biography
1546:
822:The Trial of the Twenty-One
576:15 March] 1886 in
367:Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov
96:Azerbaijani Communist Party
10:
4442:
2852:Azerbaijan Communist Party
2620:
2597:Lenoe, Matthew E. (2010).
2596:
1715:
1678:
1666:
1628:. Encyclopaedia Britannica
1498:was also named after him.
1416:. In order to comply with
1202:in 1933. The fire at the
1104:
998:
30:In this name that follows
29:
4215:Mayor of Saint Petersburg
4203:
4155:
4029:
3987:
3885:
3854:
3715:
3609:
3548:
3446:
3390:
3313:
3242:
3145:
3074:
3026:
2971:
2865:Viktor Naneyshvily (1920)
2839:
2828:
2802:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2650:Conquest, Robert (1989).
2017:10.1163/24714607-02003004
1835:Rybakov, Anatoli (1988).
1820:Orlov, Alexander (1954).
1807:The Court of the Red Tsar
1595:
1581:Серге́й Миро́нович Ки́ров
1580:
1404:. It was removed in 2016.
1272:
881:Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt
748:
480:
468:
458:All-Union Communist Party
440:
429:
420:Manner of death
419:
395:
362:
357:
353:
338:
327:
316:
305:
294:
279:
275:
271:
264:
260:
249:
234:
222:
210:
199:
184:
172:
162:
151:
136:
124:
112:
101:
93:
89:
73:
64:
57:
2874:Vladimir Dumbadze (1920)
2734:Party political offices
2722:Azerbaijan International
2688:Azerbaijan International
2522:Azerbaijan International
2032:Khrushchev, N.S. (1989)
1762:: CS1 maint: location (
1731:. Random House. p. 112.
1563:
1196:burning of the Reichstag
1017:personally carrying his
280:Candidate member of the
190:Leningrad City Committee
65:
3995:Provisional Government
3813:P. Golenishchev-Kutuzov
3778:M. Golenishchev-Kutuzov
2718:Linoleum print of Kirov
2157:Pospelov, P. N. (1955)
1541:Order of the Red Banner
1241:circumstantial evidence
1213:circumstantial evidence
1007:Kremlin Wall necropolis
652:1905 Russian Revolution
513:and personal friend to
487:Sergei Mironovich Kirov
434:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
4401:Russian murder victims
4246:1934 murders in Europe
4213:The office was called
2973:Republic of Azerbaijan
2822:Alimardan Topchubashov
2817:Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh
1860:Medvedev, Roy (1976).
1748:Kirov, Sergey (1944).
1510:
1405:
1393:
1289:(formerly Vyatka) and
1282:
1130:
947:
930:
889:
857:talked him out of it.
845:
762:
731:Simon Sebag Montefiore
569:
568:Kirov as a child, 1893
536:at his offices in the
4406:Soviet murder victims
3122:Grigory Ordzhonikidze
1837:Children of the Arbat
1505:Monument to Kirov in
1504:
1399:
1388:Monument to Kirov in
1387:
1365:in Saint Petersburg,
1280:
1125:
1123:. Khrushchev stated:
945:
925:
877:
868:Children of the Arbat
839:
756:
567:
517:, rising through the
2860:Mirza Davud Huseynov
2092:Khrushchev, Nikita.
1920:Knight, Amy (1999),
1895:Knight, Amy (1999).
1874:Knight, Amy (1999),
1487:-class battlecruiser
1422:Ukrainian Parliament
1155:Shakhty purge trials
634:, where he became a
525:and a member of the
501:and a member of the
266:Additional positions
4045:Executive Committee
3662:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
3300:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
2956:Abdurrahman Vazirov
1520:Yevgenia Kostrikova
1439:The Kirov Prize, a
1262:biography of Stalin
1107:Pospelov Commission
855:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
777:, the successor of
721:and fought for the
669:February Revolution
328:Full member of the
235:Full member of the
4396:Russian communists
4286:Forestry in Russia
4266:Soviet politicians
3576:Vyacheslav Molotov
3561:Kliment Voroshilov
3418:Vyacheslav Molotov
3413:Valerian Kuybyshev
3403:Kliment Voroshilov
3280:Vyacheslav Molotov
3275:Valerian Kuybyshev
3250:Kliment Voroshilov
3117:Vyacheslav Molotov
3112:Valerian Kuybyshev
3087:Kliment Voroshilov
3028:(a) Denotes acting
2926:Mir Teymur Yagubov
2920:Mir Jafar Baghirov
2470:. 5 February 2019.
1951:Orlov, Alexander,
1530:Honours and awards
1511:
1406:
1394:
1283:
1249:Robert W. Thurston
1139:Olga Shatunovskaya
1073:A Communist Party
1025:, Chairman of the
948:
846:
763:
582:Vyatka Governorate
570:
509:. Kirov became an
384:Vyatka Governorate
217:Grigory Yevdokimov
4256:Anti-revisionists
4223:
4222:
3891:Saint Petersburg
3798:Lobanov-Rostovsky
3717:Governors General
3675:
3674:
3627:Grigory Petrovsky
3617:Felix Dzerzhinsky
3610:Candidate members
3507:
3506:
3479:Grigory Petrovsky
3447:Candidate members
3349:
3348:
3331:Grigory Petrovsky
3314:Candidate members
3201:
3200:
3193:Nikita Khrushchev
3158:Grigory Petrovsky
3146:Candidate members
3033:
3032:
2908:Vladimir Polonsky
2763:
2762:
2754:Succeeded by
2608:978-0-300-11236-8
2571:978-1-84486-089-0
2437:Ukrayinska Pravda
2317:978-0-521-33570-6
2246:978-1-85310-916-4
2133:"Murder of Kirov"
1930:978-0-8090-6404-5
1884:978-0-8090-6404-5
1649:, Anchor, (1997)
1496:tailless airplane
1315:Kirovohrad Oblast
1229:Boris Nikolaevsky
1052:Nikita Khrushchev
1031:Soviet government
989:Alexander Barmine
954:, arrived at the
937:, 5 December 1934
783:industrialisation
727:Russian Civil War
691:in third-century
642:(RSDLP) in 1904.
626:, Kirov moved to
484:
483:
349:
348:
16:(Redirected from
4433:
4160:
4043:
4035:
3998:
3902:
3894:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3725:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3647:Lazar Kaganovich
3566:Grigory Zinoviev
3556:Nikolai Bukharin
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3510:
3469:Stanislav Kosior
3459:Lazar Kaganovich
3398:Nikolai Bukharin
3376:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3270:Stanislav Kosior
3255:Lazar Kaganovich
3228:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3107:Stanislav Kosior
3092:Lazar Kaganovich
3060:
3053:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3008:Abulfaz Elchibey
2890:Ruhulla Akhundov
2878:Grigory Kaminsky
2834:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2742:Grigory Kaminsky
2739:Preceded by
2731:
2730:
2665:
2612:
2593:
2590:One Who Survived
2576:
2575:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2431:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2198:
2192:
2174:
2168:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2139:. 30 August 2015
2129:
2123:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2056:
2050:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2020:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1956:
1949:
1932:
1918:
1907:
1906:
1892:
1886:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1641:Edvard Radzinsky
1638:
1629:
1623:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1345:; now Vanadzor,
1258:Edvard Radzinsky
1247:investigations.
1091:Grigory Zinoviev
973:Ivan Zaporozhets
956:Smolny Institute
952:Leonid Nikolayev
938:
894:Lazar Kaganovich
851:Martemyan Ryutin
842:Saint Petersburg
806:Nikolai Bukharin
800:In 1934, at the
787:collectivisation
703:it by adding an
689:Christian martyr
687:Kūros), after a
538:Smolny Institute
476:
464:
455:
402:
391:
376:
374:
358:Personal details
343:
321:
299:
262:
261:
254:
225:
213:
204:
175:
168:Post established
165:
156:
127:
119:Grigory Kaminsky
115:
106:
83:
78:
68:
55:
54:
21:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4199:
4158:
4151:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4025:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3969:von der Launitz
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:Gradonachalniks
3881:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3768:von Buxhoeveden
3723:
3720:
3711:
3706:
3676:
3671:
3657:Anastas Mikoyan
3642:Andrey Andreyev
3637:Nikolai Uglanov
3632:Jānis Rudzutaks
3605:
3601:Jānis Rudzutaks
3571:Mikhail Kalinin
3544:
3538:
3508:
3503:
3484:Nikolai Uglanov
3474:Anastas Mikoyan
3454:Andrey Andreyev
3442:
3428:Jānis Rudzutaks
3408:Mikhail Kalinin
3386:
3380:
3350:
3345:
3326:Anastas Mikoyan
3321:Andrey Andreyev
3309:
3305:Andrey Andreyev
3285:Jānis Rudzutaks
3260:Mikhail Kalinin
3238:
3232:
3202:
3197:
3168:Jānis Rudzutaks
3163:Pavel Postyshev
3153:Anastas Mikoyan
3141:
3132:Anastas Mikoyan
3097:Mikhail Kalinin
3082:Andrey Andreyev
3070:
3064:
3034:
3029:
3022:
2998:Ayaz Mutallibov
2988:Ayaz Mutallibov
2984:
2974:
2967:
2962:Ayaz Mutallibov
2950:Kamran Baghirov
2932:Imam Mustafayev
2856:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2813:
2798:
2793:
2759:
2750:
2744:
2728:
2676:Kirov Biography
2672:
2662:
2629:
2619:
2617:Further reading
2609:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2554:
2550:
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2536:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2495:
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2485:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2429:
2428:
2427:(14 April 2015)
2419:
2412:
2405:
2391:
2387:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2276:Popson, Nancy.
2274:
2270:
2247:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2199:
2195:
2175:
2171:
2165:Svobodnaia mysl
2163:. Reprinted in
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2042:
2038:, London, p. 21
2031:
2024:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1935:
1919:
1910:
1893:
1889:
1873:
1869:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1778:
1771:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1639:
1632:
1624:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1590:
1586:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1549:
1532:
1516:
1353:station of the
1331:Azerbaijani SSR
1299:Murmansk Oblast
1275:
1233:Robert Conquest
1180:
1109:
1103:
1003:
997:
940:
932:
923:
873:Anatoli Rybakov
859:Alexander Orlov
834:
751:
712:Cyrus the Great
648:
638:and joined the
562:
534:Leonid Nikolaev
505:faction of the
462:
461:
456:
453:
452:
441:Political party
404:
400:
399:1 December 1934
387:
378:
372:
370:
369:
368:
344:
339:
322:
317:
300:
295:
267:
255:
250:
223:
211:
205:
200:
186:First Secretary
173:
163:
157:
152:
138:First Secretary
125:
113:
107:
102:
85:
69:
66:
60:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4296:Old Bolsheviks
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
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4187:
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4164:
4162:
4153:
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4150:
4149:
4144:
4139:
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4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
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4084:
4079:
4074:
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4048:
4046:
4027:
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4018:
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3830:
3825:
3820:
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3805:
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3795:
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3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:von der Pahlen
3770:
3765:
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3740:
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3591:Mikhail Tomsky
3588:
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3505:
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3499:Sergei Syrtsov
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3471:
3466:
3461:
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3438:Mikhail Tomsky
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
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3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3379:
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3371:
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3347:
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3343:
3338:
3336:Sergei Syrtsov
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
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3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3188:Nikolai Yezhov
3185:
3180:
3178:Andrei Zhdanov
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
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3048:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2993:Yagub Mammadov
2990:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:(1991-present)
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2902:Nikolai Gikalo
2899:
2896:Levon Mirzoyan
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2848:
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2845:
2837:
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2829:
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2819:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2791:
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2777:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2757:Levon Mirzoyan
2755:
2752:
2745:
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2736:
2735:
2726:
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2715:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2683:
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2671:
2670:External links
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2441:
2439:(14 July 2016)
2430:(in Ukrainian)
2410:
2403:
2385:
2364:10.1086/343411
2358:(2): 352–380.
2335:
2323:
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2211:
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2110:
2084:
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2022:
2011:(3): 325–347.
1989:
1974:
1957:
1933:
1908:
1902:New York Times
1887:
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1536:Order of Lenin
1531:
1528:
1515:
1512:
1507:Medvezhyegorsk
1470:-class cruiser
1274:
1271:
1267:Genrikh Yagoda
1260:argued in his
1254:Oleg Khlevniuk
1245:Khrushchev-era
1221:Grigori Tokaev
1192:Maxim Litvinov
1179:
1176:
1134:Genrikh Yagoda
1117:Pyotr Pospelov
1105:Main article:
1102:
1099:
1083:foreign consul
996:
993:
968:petty offences
924:
922:
919:
833:
830:
814:Mikhail Tomsky
779:Vladimir Lenin
771:Azerbaijan SSR
750:
747:
647:
644:
586:Russian Empire
561:
558:
499:Russian Empire
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403:(aged 48)
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389:Russian Empire
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257:
247:
246:
232:
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229:Andrey Zhdanov
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179:Andrey Zhdanov
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131:Levon Mirzoyan
128:
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3928:Loris-Melikov
3925:
3923:
3922:
3921:Romeyko-Gurko
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3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Joseph Stalin
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
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3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Joseph Stalin
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
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3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:Joseph Stalin
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
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3245:
3241:
3236:
3229:
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3210:
3209:
3206:
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3189:
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3184:
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3179:
3176:
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3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:Joseph Stalin
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
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3100:
3098:
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3041:
3038:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:Heydar Aliyev
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:Heydar Aliyev
2942:
2939:
2938:Vali Akhundov
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:Ruben Rubenov
2912:
2909:
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2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
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2870:
2869:Elena Stasova
2867:
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2689:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2661:0-19-505579-9
2657:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
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2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2582:Cited sources
2573:
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2552:
2544:
2538:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2505:
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2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
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2406:
2404:9780300074420
2400:
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2389:
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2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
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2222:
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2212:9780957296107
2208:
2204:
2197:
2191:
2190:9780521446709
2187:
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2166:
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2161:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2128:
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2099:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1987:, pp. 247–252
1986:
1981:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1927:
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1917:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1881:
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1871:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1846:0-091737-42-7
1842:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1816:
1809:. p. 95.
1808:
1801:
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1791:9780957296107
1787:
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1751:
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1738:
1737:1-4000-7678-1
1734:
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1724:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1702:0-04-947021-3
1698:
1694:
1687:
1681:, pp. 129–132
1680:
1675:
1669:, pp. 128–129
1668:
1663:
1656:
1655:0-385-47954-9
1652:
1648:
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1521:
1514:Personal life
1508:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1453:John Cornford
1450:
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1437:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1390:Kropyvnytskyi
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:Kirov Islands
1372:
1371:Yekaterinburg
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:; now Ganja,
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:Ukrainian SSR
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Kaluga Oblast
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
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1279:
1270:
1268:
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1226:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:Moscow trials
1175:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Yakov Agranov
1142:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1121:20th Congress
1118:
1114:
1113:Secret Speech
1108:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1040:insane asylum
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:Vasili Ulrikh
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:state funeral
1008:
1002:
992:
990:
984:
980:
978:
974:
969:
965:
960:
957:
953:
944:
939:
936:
929:
921:Assassination
918:
916:
912:
911:Filipp Medved
907:
901:
899:
895:
888:
886:
882:
876:
875:, who wrote:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
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829:
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823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:Joseph Stalin
772:
768:
760:
757:Kirov at the
755:
746:
744:
740:
739:Ordzhonikidze
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
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662:
657:
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646:Revolutionary
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
566:
557:
555:
551:
550:Moscow trials
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Joseph Stalin
512:
511:Old Bolshevik
508:
504:
500:
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492:
488:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:(Bolsheviks)
459:
450:
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443:
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430:Resting place
428:
425:
424:Assassination
422:
418:
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411:
407:
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385:
381:
377:27 March 1886
365:
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63:
56:
53:
49:
45:
42: and the
41:
37:
33:
19:
4214:
4207:
4190:Poltavchenko
4177:
4159:(since 1991)
4061:
3926:
3919:
3828:Khrapovitsky
3808:Miloradovich
3652:Sergei Kirov
3651:
3596:Leon Trotsky
3581:Alexei Rykov
3549:Full members
3464:Sergei Kirov
3463:
3423:Alexei Rykov
3391:Full members
3290:Alexei Rykov
3265:Sergei Kirov
3264:
3243:Full members
3183:Robert Eikhe
3102:Sergei Kirov
3101:
3075:Full members
3018:Ilham Aliyev
2981:
2884:Sergei Kirov
2883:
2849:
2810:
2747:
2727:
2721:
2687:
2651:
2633:
2598:
2589:
2562:Warship 2009
2561:
2557:
2551:
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2521:
2512:
2486:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2458:
2444:
2394:
2388:
2355:
2351:
2331:
2326:
2306:
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2281:
2271:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2202:
2196:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2141:. Retrieved
2136:
2127:
2101:. Retrieved
2098:Marxists.org
2097:
2087:
2075:
2033:
2008:
2002:
1992:
1952:
1921:
1900:
1890:
1875:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1806:
1805:Montefiore.
1800:
1781:
1749:
1743:
1728:
1723:
1711:
1692:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1644:
1626:Sergei Kirov
1587:
1572:
1553:Kremlin Plot
1524:World War II
1517:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1441:speedskating
1438:
1430:
1407:
1367:Kirov Square
1359:Kirov Ballet
1355:Moscow Metro
1343:Armenian SSR
1291:Kirov Oblast
1284:
1217:
1200:Nazi Germany
1181:
1168:
1143:
1131:
1126:
1110:
1087:
1072:
1056:Lajos Magyar
1044:
1004:
1001:Kremlin Plot
985:
981:
977:Nagant M1895
961:
949:
931:
926:
902:
890:
878:
866:
847:
810:Alexei Rykov
799:
764:
729:until 1920.
716:
704:
649:
630:, a city in
613:
601:tuberculosis
594:
589:
571:
531:
490:
486:
485:
414:Soviet Union
410:Russian SFSR
401:(1934-12-01)
340:
318:
296:
251:
224:Succeeded by
201:
174:Succeeded by
153:
126:Succeeded by
103:
67:Сергей Киров
59:Sergei Kirov
52:
47:
39:
18:Sergey Kirov
4241:1934 deaths
4236:1886 births
4042:(1924-1991)
4034:(1917-1924)
3901:(1914–1917)
3893:(1873–1914)
3793:Vyazmitinov
3748:von Münnich
3724:(1703–1873)
3667:Vlas Chubar
3622:Lev Kamenev
3543:(1926–1927)
3494:Karl Bauman
3489:Vlas Chubar
3385:(1927–1930)
3341:Vlas Chubar
3237:(1930–1934)
3173:Vlas Chubar
3137:Vlas Chubar
3069:(1934–1939)
2964:(1990–1991)
2958:(1988–1990)
2952:(1982–1988)
2946:(1969–1982)
2940:(1959–1969)
2934:(1954–1959)
2928:(1953–1954)
2922:(1933–1953)
2910:(1930–1933)
2904:(1929–1930)
2898:(1926–1929)
2892:(1925–1926)
2886:(1921–1925)
2880:(1920–1921)
2854:(1920-1991)
2843:(1920-1991)
2103:11 December
1457:Soviet Navy
1363:Kirov Plant
1188:Great Purge
1095:Lev Kamenev
1068:Zinovievite
1035:Zinovievist
979:revolver.
883:in a large
795:agriculture
785:and forced
624:engineering
616:scholarship
554:Great Purge
463:(1918–1934)
454:(1904–1918)
311:Secretariat
212:Preceded by
164:Preceded by
114:Preceded by
44:family name
4230:Categories
4185:Matviyenko
4107:Spiridonov
4102:Zamchevsky
4040:Leningrad
4032:Petrograd
4030:Chairs of
3974:Drachevsky
3899:Petrograd
3003:Isa Gambar
2751:1921–1926
2621:See also:
2527:19 January
2143:30 October
1605:References
1596:Ко́стриков
1558:Red Terror
1408:Since the
1351:Kirovskaya
1335:Azerbaijan
1311:Kirovohrad
1237:Amy Knight
1075:communiqué
999:See also:
898:Amy Knight
832:Reputation
818:show trial
735:commissars
701:Russifying
683:(from the
667:after the
656:Bolsheviks
595:Miron, an
560:Early life
542:show trial
449:Bolsheviks
373:1886-03-27
40:Mironovich
36:patronymic
4251:Stalinism
4147:Shelkanov
4137:Gerasimov
4132:Dumachyov
4082:Andrianov
4072:Kuznetsov
4016:Schreider
3990:Petrograd
3988:Heads of
3959:D. Trepov
3910:F. Trepov
3733:Menshikov
2380:142829949
2372:0022-2801
2289:3 January
1758:cite book
1526:veteran.
1509:, Russia.
1339:Kirovakan
1327:Kirovabad
1225:Menshevik
1211:Based on
1204:Reichstag
1060:Hungarian
995:Aftermath
789:. At the
719:Astrakhan
677:pseudonym
609:orphanage
597:alcoholic
527:Politburo
523:Leningrad
503:Bolshevik
495:Bolshevik
491:Kostrikov
469:Signature
406:Leningrad
341:In office
319:In office
297:In office
289:Politburo
252:In office
244:Politburo
202:In office
154:In office
104:In office
4173:Yakovlev
4142:Gidaspov
4127:Solovyov
4112:Rodionov
4092:Alexeyev
4057:Zinoviev
4011:Rogovsky
4006:Yurevich
3964:Dedyulin
3949:Kleigels
3944:von Wahl
3848:Levashov
3838:Ignatyev
3803:Balashov
3783:Kamensky
3763:Arkharov
3753:Golitsyn
3738:Apraksin
2498:cite web
2488:19 April
2425:BBC News
2263:41594812
2255:99488415
2070:, p. 249
2055:, p. 248
1972:, p. 252
1718:, p. 186
1547:See also
1482:and the
1459:cruiser
1447:and the
1379:Kara Sea
1227:scholar
1164:Chekists
723:Red Army
697:Orthodox
695:from an
673:pen name
661:Caucasus
552:and the
546:executed
436:, Moscow
4208:Italics
4168:Sobchak
4122:Aristov
4097:Ignatov
4067:Zhdanov
4052:Trotsky
4021:Kishkin
3939:Gresser
3934:Baranov
3843:Suvorov
3833:Shulgin
3823:Kavelin
3788:Tolstoy
3743:Sapieha
2711:of the
2707:in the
2644:4207255
2082:, p. 55
2080:Barmine
2068:Barmine
2053:Barmine
1985:Barmine
1970:Barmine
1592:Russian
1577:Russian
1402:Kharkiv
1377:in the
1349:), the
1347:Armenia
1323:Ukraine
1295:Kirovsk
1111:In his
1079:fascist
820:called
761:in 1934
743:Mikoyan
725:in the
636:Marxist
632:Siberia
333:Orgburo
192:of the
188:of the
144:of the
140:of the
4195:Beglov
4179:Beglov
4087:Kozlov
4077:Popkov
3997:(1917)
3993:under
3954:Fullon
2916:(1933)
2871:(1920)
2862:(1920)
2658:
2642:
2605:
2568:
2401:
2378:
2370:
2314:
2261:
2253:
2243:
2209:
2188:
2178:Pravda
1928:
1882:
1843:
1788:
1735:
1699:
1653:
1492:Khai-3
1489:. The
1472:. The
1414:Russia
1373:, the
1321:; now
1273:Legacy
1019:coffin
935:Pravda
906:Moscow
812:, and
749:Career
708:suffix
605:rubles
578:Urzhum
489:(born
380:Urzhum
80:Kirov
34:, the
4117:Popov
4062:Kirov
3915:Zurov
3818:Essen
3758:Bruce
2640:JSTOR
2558:Kirov
2376:S2CID
1716:Lenoe
1679:Lenoe
1667:Lenoe
1564:Notes
1485:Kirov
1479:Kirov
1474:Kirov
1468:Kirov
1462:Kirov
1303:Kirov
1287:Kirov
1208:Nazis
1048:Gulag
1009:in a
915:Minsk
885:house
871:, by
693:Egypt
685:Greek
681:Cyrus
628:Tomsk
620:Kazan
445:RSDLP
84:1930s
48:Kirov
3979:Balk
3897:and
2656:ISBN
2625:and
2603:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2529:2020
2504:link
2490:2013
2399:ISBN
2368:ISSN
2312:ISBN
2291:2022
2259:OCLC
2251:LCCN
2241:ISBN
2207:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2145:2023
2105:2015
1926:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1764:link
1733:ISBN
1697:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1434:Baku
1243:and
1235:and
1159:OGPU
1058:, a
1015:CPSU
964:NKVD
863:NKVD
826:NKVD
741:and
574:O.S.
544:and
396:Died
363:Born
330:17th
308:17th
286:15th
282:14th
241:17th
237:16th
4037:and
3889:of
2713:ZBW
2360:doi
2013:doi
1369:in
1337:),
1325:),
1309:),
1301:),
1198:in
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590:née
580:in
556:.
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