760:
saying, "the womb ennobles", damaged the nobiliary principles of the
Austrian Netherlands. However, this belief that nobility was only transmitted by men in this region is a grave historical error, as many authors have since shown. Empress Maria Theresa, in Article XIV of her edict of 11 December 1754 "regarding titles and marks of honour or nobility, bearing of arms, coats of arms and other distinctions" tried to give, by law, a definitive solution to this question: it was then forbidden to the Members to give to themselves and their wives titles and marks of nobility: "XIV Those admitted to patrician families or lineages of our cities, will not be allowed to carry swords, or to give themselves or their wives titles or marks of nobility, failure to respect this will result in a fine of 200 florins". Thus, following the entry into force of this edict in the southern Netherlands, the Lineages of Brussels were no longer able, legally, to take advantage of external marks of nobility, although the nobility was not formally denied to them by this edict. On this point, the state of the question remained unchanged in the legal order of the southern Netherlands, for the next forty years, until the abolition of all nobility and the lineage regime of Brussels by the
756:, recognised them as illustrious and wise in authentic charters of 1360 and 1469 where they gave titles of Chevaliers (Knights), Ecuiers (squires) and of d'Amis aux Sujets de leur tems (Friends to the Subjects of their tems) issued from these Noble families" and he continues "The privilege particular to these Noble families is worthy of remark. The women carry the name and the rights of their Houses into those they enter through marriage, being Nobles , they ennoble their husbands ; and as daughters of patricians , they give the rank, the quality and all the rights to those they choose as husbands ; in a way that, Patrician families, being very multiplied, gave a high number of subjects to the magistrature". Another half a century later, Aubin-Louis Millin de Grandmaison estimates that: "These families benefited from wide ranging privileges. The most beautiful of all gave women the faculty to pull out of the shadows the families to which they allied themselves. As nobles, they ennobled their husbands, and as daughters of patricians, they gave them rank, quality and all the rights."
765:
1815 to 1830, with a constitution that gave extensive powers to
William I, members of the nobility of each province were united in the provincial equestrian bodies to which were attributed political powers. This is why, following a decree of 26 January 1822 forcing the former nobility to be recognised, only the nobles who were willing to collaborate and to support the policies of King William were recognised. But none of the numerous decrees of King William suggests that all the ancient nobility, even if not recognized by King William, would have been annihilated. Finally, the Belgian Constitution of 1831 made a clean sweep of the Loi Fondamentale of 1815 and therefore also of this decree of 1822. The Belgian National Congress intended to maintain the old nobility and by Article 75 of the Constitution, allowed the King of the Belgians to create new nobles for the future. Nothing distinct was resolved by the National Congress for the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels.
305:
523:
715:. Members of the Seven Houses were free men, descendants of free men, and it is more or less certain that in the 12th and even 13th centuries, the notions of freemen and noblemen were almost identical. During that time, being master and lord of land was being noble in a certain way, and this nobility of blood and land, of social rather than legal character, was transmitted to all children, male and female, by their mothers just as much as their fathers, the same way that land ownership, of which it was the corollary (...this is why) members of the Seven Houses, at least until the 16th century considered themselves, and were considered by others, as nobles, issued from "de nobilibus progeniebus ", "uit adellijke geslachten".
1076:
37:
59:
81:
1066:
97:
49:
419:
1056:
814:
70:
1086:
1026:
782:
1036:
863:
1046:
1096:
443:. Starting in 1383, each House had the task of defending one of the seven gates of the Brussels wall along with a section of that wall. Houses could also use this gate (tower) to imprison members of their own House who had engaged in blameworthy conduct. In 1422, following the bloody events of 1421 that led to a new balance of power between the Brussels patriciate of the Seven Houses and representatives of the trades that will then constitute the
850:
837:
993:
591:
876:
902:
889:
824:
651:
805:, etc. This practice was necessary because of the very nature of this system; there were numerous members of the magistrate who were member of the same house and even had the same family name, thus it was necessary to differentiate arms so as not to confuse them with other members of the family. The study of aldermen seals shows the high number of patrician arms.
759:
Thus, members of the Seven Houses were originally Nobles and recognised as such undeniably by the inhabitants of the City of
Brussels and beyond. But, as Alfred De Ridder writes in 1896 the fact that for members of the Lineages, the women conferred nobility to their husbands and, according to the old
747:
Moreover, even in the
Austrian period, in 1743, the description of the city of Brussels published by George Frix reads: "These Noble families called Patrician are those of Steenweghe, Sleews, Serhuyghs, Coudenbergh, Serroelofs, Swerts and of Rodenbeeck; whose descendants subsist still encore without
764:
during the invasion of
Belgian Provinces. Under the First Empire, Napoleon I gradually recreated from 1804 a new nobility, somewhat similar, all to his devotion and supposed to be a faithful supporter of his regime. The Brussels Houses had no place. Under the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, from
768:
As can be seen by looking at the List and Arms of the persons admitted to the
Lineages of Brussels, if many Brussels Lignagers were, during the Old Regime, legally noble to have been ennobled by the Prince or to descend from the family of which the nobility was legally recognized, the fact remains
723:
similarly wrote around 1600 that "In this city of
Brussels there is an officer of the Duke called Amman and seven aldermen, which have always been elected from the seven patrician families - noble and privileged - in a way that nobody is elected as alderman or magistrate if he is not a descendent,
1349:
See, a recognition of nobility by the
Magistracy of the City of Brussels in 1606 according to which (French) "Ceux nez hors lesdits lignagers sont reputez pour escuyers", (Those born in the said lineages are reputed squires), cited in Michel De Ro, "Une attestation des échevins de Bruxelles au
743:
Nicolas Joseph
Stevens concluded that: "even though under the Austrian regime, which in terms of prerogatives devolving to the nobility, we know the essentially formalistic spirit, the quality of Noble was denied to members of the Seven Houses, init is not any less true that they had, by the
549:
Alongside this, members of the Houses have also had, over the centuries, in their personal capacity, important private charitable activities and created many foundations and hospitals to relieve the misery of the population or members of the Houses that had fallen into poverty. These private
796:
Concerning representation of the Houses' arms in the following list, the choice was made to use the ones most often admitted. In reality, a personal armorial would be needed as, very often, members of the Houses modified and personalised their arms up to the 18th century, either by adding
394:
system and in 1421, after violent confrontations, gained some political rights. The rule of the Seven Houses remained predominant until the end of the Ancien Régime, when these special privileges were definitively abolished, along with those of the Guilds. This meant the end of this
1484:, Brussels, Société belge de Librairie, pp. 24-25. It is also worth noting that it is erroneous, as both these authors do, to treat the Seven Noble Houses in the Ennobling Office section of their book, since it was the membership to the Lineages that gave access to the
1470:
Léo
Verriest writes on page 180 of his cited book, "that one could not explain why the right to be lineage could be lost by derogance and eventually be restored by rehabilitation, if the lineage condition had not been traditionally considered as noble of
415:, and not earn a living through a trade; instead they were expected to live off the interest of their wealth. Illegitimate children were excluded. Since these criteria were very stringent, few men were accepted to the ranks of this particular patriciate.
541:
Thus, the urban administration created an administrative relief service for the indigent, called the "Supreme Charity", whose masters-general were chosen only among the members of the Houses at the end of their offices in the urban magistracy.
545:
Between the 12th and 18th centuries, the magistrates of the Noble Houses of the city of Brussels founded numerous official institutions, including schools, orphanages, pilgrim hostels, infirmaries and almshouses.
320:
restores and asserts the existing privileges of the seven families after the citizens of Brussels had violently demanded participation in the city's government. The families named in the document are:
1113:
Le manuscrit de Roovere conservé au Fonds Général du Cabinet des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Filiations reconnues sous l'Ancien Régime pour l'admission aux Lignages de Bruxelles
538:
In addition to their judicial, administrative and military functions, the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels were also benevolent and concerned about the needs and well-being of the population.
732:, historian of Brussels, also notes that this nobility was transmissible in the female line. Adages, told by historians, testify that: "the women, in the lineages, ennobled their husbands:
633:
The magistrates and members of the Seven Noble Houses, dressed in red scarlet - the famous Brussels scarlet stained in the blood of a bull - preceded by the magistrate of the statue of the
1336:) but that is frequently dyed in seed red (hence the current meaning of the word scarlet). To a length of 48 ells (33.36 meters), it is made with English wool only by the brothers of the
1281:
Roel Jacobs, "Lignages de Bruxelles", "Coudenberg", "t’Serroelofs, lignage", "Sleeus, lignage", "Steenweghs, lignage", "Serhuygs, lignage", "Sweerts, lignage", "Rodenbeke, lignage", in
1328:, edited by Mina Martens, Toulouse, Privat, 1976, p. 111: "The cloth who makes the fortune of Brussels, which the clothier puts in front of him at the Halle, is the 'scarlet' (
744:
seniority of their existence and by their services rendered to the City, rights to a certain illustrious standing, which distinguished them from the rest of the bourgeoisie".
926:
920:
661:
711:
this question does not make much sense since there does not ever seem to have been a legal definition or status of nobility in Brabant, during the period of the
550:
foundations continued to exist until the end of the Ancien Régime and were after the French Revolution grouped in the Hospices Réunis, that still exist today.
272:
The long lived and rarely threatened supremacy of the Seven Houses of Brussels was based on a multitude of common interests they shared with the
672:
1340:
who hold the monopoly. The other clothiers can only manufacture the single-colored "marbled" or "mixed" of 42 yards, and the shorter sheets."
1099:
773:
legal status conferring on them, in Brussels, in law, important privileges, and indeed, a very high prestige that has continued to this day.
1612:
1418:, "Des sept lignages ou familles patriciennes de Bruxelles", Printed by P. Parent, Brussels, 1855, pages 147 to 157, and mainly page 157.
1298:, edited by Ann Degraeve (Brussels, 2007), pp. 53-60; also Claire Dickstein-Bernard, "Sens de l'hospitalité à Bruxelles au Moyen Âge",
411:
evidence that they were descendants of one of the Seven Noble Houses. In addition they needed to be citizens of Brussels, adult, male,
1296:
Hôpitaux du Moyen Âge et des Temps Modernes: actes; Archaeologia Mediaevalis 25; Bruxelles-Brussel, Gent, Namur, 14, 15, 16, 03, 2002
1268:
Arlette Smolar-Maynart, "Ducs de Brabant et Lignages bruxellois. De la stabilité d'une alliance d'affinité soutenue par l'intérêt",
304:
616:
594:
1582:
748:
having derogated from either the nobility or the virtues of their ancestors. Numerous rulers of Brabant among which I will cite
977:
961:
945:
1602:
249:, on the civil, military and economic leadership of the urban administration. This institution existed until the end of the
1000:
1294:
See Stéphane Demeter and David Guilardian, "Implantation des hospices et hôpitaux à Bruxelles (XIIe-XVIIIe siècles)", in
407:
Membership and descent of the seven families was carefully recorded in special registers. Applicants needed to provide
372:
359:
351:
343:
327:
690:
569:
1388: Foundation of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, or Landuyt Foundation, founded in 1388 by the bishop Jean t'Serclaes.
1503:
La situation légale de la noblesse ancienne en Belgique et dans les anciennes provinces belges annexées à la France
1115:, ed. M. Paternostre de La Mairieu, avec une introduction d'Henri-Charles van Parys, Grandmetz, 2 vol., 1981-1982 (
983:
929:
to bring descendants of the Seven Houses together. This organization plans certain traditional events such as the
553:
Among these charitable foundations founded in a personal capacity by members of the Seven Houses, we can mention:
1597:
1259:, texte établi par Monique Marchal-Verdoodt, Brussels, 2002, p. 188 : "Dernière séance : 15 juin 1794".
522:
1617:
1592:
1215:
1185:
578:
1656-1658: Hospice of the Nine Choirs of Angels, Rue des Chevaux founded in 1656-1658 by Louise van der Noot.
378:
All the members of the city council were exclusively recruited and elected from the families who could prove
223:
193:
1587:
1004:
668:
1210:
440:
1622:
1607:
1337:
1150:
976:
ruxellensis) after their name. This custom is already found in the writings of Jan-Baptist Hauwaert,
761:
563:
1356: Hospice of the Holy Trinity, founded before 1356 by the famous mystic Heilwige Bloemart called
1075:
575:
1622: Hospice of t'Serclaes or of Saint-Anne, Rue de la Fiancée, founded in 1622 by Anne t'Serclaes.
1371:, Brussels, 1963, pp. 19—24. And also according to Hervé Douxchamps, "La famille de la Kethulle",
769:
that all the members of the Noble Houses of Brussels and their descendants enjoyed, at the time, a
749:
317:
111:
96:
48:
792:. Many of the members and families descending from the Seven Houses carry a variant of these arms.
665:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
560:
1263: Hospice of Ter Arken, Rue Salazar 17, founded before 1263 by a member of the Clutinc family.
36:
1195:
1049:
557:
1128: Hospice of Saint-Nicholas, mentioned as early as 1128, next to the church of the same name.
1482:
Législation héraldique de la Belgique, 1595-1895: Jurisprudence du Conseil héraldique, 1844–1895
1461:, vol. 5, Paris, year VII, "Chapitre LXI, Bibliothèque de Saint-Pierre à Lille", pages 57 et 58.
1315:" still take part in the Ommegang to this day. The current procession was reinstituted in 1930.
1255:
The last session of the Serroelofs lineage took place on 15 June 1794: Henry-Charles van Parys,
984:
Families whose members were admitted to the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels in the Ancien Régime
281:
186:
63:
1180:
1160:
942:
634:
293:
785:
930:
854:
611:
602:
356:
348:
285:
153:
149:
85:
8:
880:
867:
802:
527:
515:
505:
495:
485:
475:
465:
455:
387:
369:
364:
161:
157:
74:
418:
1405:, Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe et Cie, editors, 1882, Volume I, Chapter III, page 130.
1205:
1175:
1155:
1089:
1065:
1029:
906:
720:
623:, is one of the most important moments of the history of the Seven Houses to this day.
444:
340:
289:
254:
145:
938:
Descendants of the Seven Houses do not enjoy special political privileges any longer.
1225:
1059:
813:
798:
1170:
1165:
957:
841:
753:
620:
423:
335:
309:
277:
273:
141:
100:
52:
1085:
845: : Gules that is Brussels, three towers argent windows gules and gated azure.
572:
1522: Hospice of the Holy Cross, Rue Haute, founded in 1522 by Charles t'Seraerts.
250:
1390:
L'avènement du régime démocratique à Bruxelles pendant le Moyen Age (1306 - 1423)
1220:
1069:
1055:
1039:
828:
712:
324:
199:
137:
1200:
1129:
Viscount Terlinden, "Coup d'oeil sur l'histoire des lignages de Bruxelles", in
1025:
383:
379:
207:
1505:, Brussels, 1970; E. van Reeth, "Transmission de la noblesse par les femmes",
1375:, 1996, p. 179, in the Middle Ages, "Noble was he who was considered as such".
1576:
1190:
1035:
893:
332:
941:
Descendants of the seven nobles house of Brussels are entitled to place the
862:
464:
Gate was defended by the House of t’Serroelofs, from 1422 together with the
871: : Gules that is Brussels, nine billets argent, positioned 4, 3 and 2.
729:
454:
Gate was defended by the House of Coudenbergh, from 1422 together with the
396:
391:
242:
27:
1045:
781:
484:
Gate was defended by the House of Steenweghe, from 1422 together with the
253:. However, as of the urban revolution of 1421, the representatives of the
1079:
526:
Gilles van Hamme, alderman of Brussels in 1389 and 1399, admitted to the
238:
227:
597:, powerful protector of Brussels, standing on her boat. It is under her
386:
descent from the original seven families. However, tradesmen formed the
511:
504:
Gate was defended by the House of Sweerts, from 1422 together with the
491:
461:
1095:
707:? As the historian, editor and genealogist François de Cacamp writes:
615:, Brussels' most important lustral procession, celebrated in honor of
474:
Gate was defended by the House of Sleeus, from 1422 together with the
1499:
Noblesse. Chevalerie. Lignages. Conditions des biens et des personnes
627:
408:
316:
The seven families were first named in a document from 1306 in which
1312:
1237:
514:
was defended by the House of Rodenbeke, from 1422 together with the
494:
was defended by the House of Serhuyghs, from 1422 together with the
171:
849:
836:
704:
590:
501:
412:
258:
246:
231:
875:
630:, which was also the day of the festival of the city of Brussels.
901:
451:
308:
Coats of arms of the Seven noble houses of Brussels, engraved by
262:
222:) were the seven families or clans whose descendants formed the
897: : Party per pale pily of four and a half argent on gules.
888:
605:
takes place, in which the Seven Noble Houses still participate.
481:
471:
439:
Members of the Seven Houses were responsible for defending the
1257:
Les registres du lignage Serroelofs. Admissions et résolutions
823:
637:, participate as they always have, in this sacred procession.
789:
598:
215:
1313:
Association royale des descendants des lignages de Bruxelles
1285:, under the direction of Serge Jaumain, Brussels, 2013, s.v.
921:
Association Royale des Descendants des Lignages de Bruxelles
662:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
447:
or Nations, this defence of the gates and walls was shared
1373:
Recueil de l’Office Généalogique et Héraldique de Belgique
1363:
François de Cacamp, "Note sur les Lignages de Bruxelles",
858: : Gules that is Brussels, five escallops in a cross.
734:
Feminœ quia nobiles, etiam maritos nuptiis nobiles reddunt
582:
817:
Arms of the Seven Houses, in an 18th Century manuscript.
434:
1324:
Claire Dickstein-Bernard, "Une ville en expansion", in
832: : Gules that is Brussels, a lion rampant argent.
257:
also exercised similar offices. Still, the offices of
1518:
Léon Arendt and Alfred De Ridder, cited, pp. 210-211.
1354:, bulletin de l'A.R.D.L.B., 2017, no. 178, pp. 1-10.
422:
Rosette of the seven noble houses of Brussels, from
265:
were always reserved exclusively for members of the
1272:, Brussels, 1995, no. 139-140, p. 199. (In French)
121:Civil, military, political and economic leadership
1388:, Volume II, p. 425, cited by Félicien Favresse,
910: : azure, three fleurs-de-lis couped argent.
1574:
16:Historic patrician families in Brussels, Belgium
776:
1554:Octave le Maire, op. cit.; Hermann De Baets,
1238:Association of the 7 noble houses of Brussels
1459:Antiquités nationales ou recueil de momumens
808:
1416:Recueil généalogique de la famille de Cock
1124:Recueil généalogique de la famille de Cock
640:
1488:function of Brussels and not the inverse.
1350:Conseil provincial de Namur en 1606", in
738:In dotem familiam ac nobilitatem afferunt
691:Learn how and when to remove this message
812:
780:
589:
533:
521:
417:
303:
1575:
724:either way, of any of those families."
601:and in her honour that every year the
276:, as well as the successive Houses of
1527:Loi fondamentale of 1814, article 58.
435:Guardians of the gates and city walls
1428:Description de la ville de Bruxelles
1365:Les Cahiers du Genealogicum Belgicum
1283:Dictionnaire d’Histoire de Bruxelles
1138:Filiations lignagères contemporaines
987:
956:ruxellensis) or - in case they hold
644:
1613:People from Brussels-Capital Region
1536:Octave le Maire, op. cit., pp. 88f.
1501:, Brussels, 1959; Octave le Maire,
626:It took place on the Sunday before
220:Septem nobiles familiae Bruxellarum
13:
1567:Octave le Maire, op. cit., p. 115.
1480:Léon Arendt and Alfred De Ridder,
884: : Argent, a bend wavy gules.
736:. They brought nobility in dowry:
14:
1634:
1231:
703:Were members of the Seven Houses
172:http://www.lignagesdebruxelles.be
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
991:
900:
887:
874:
861:
848:
835:
822:
786:The arms of the City of Brussels
649:
619:, the powerful protector of the
441:gates and city walls of Brussels
95:
79:
68:
57:
47:
35:
1561:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1507:Intermédiaire des Généalogistes
1491:
1474:
1464:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1421:
1408:
1395:
1105:
927:an organization has been formed
583:The Seven Noble Houses and the
28:Aristocratic form of government
1583:Seven Noble Houses of Brussels
1378:
1357:
1343:
1318:
1305:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1249:
914:
617:Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon
595:Our Blessed Lady of the Sablon
181:Seven Noble Houses of Brussels
24:Seven Noble Houses of Brussels
1:
1243:
1216:Colonial families of Maryland
1186:Freedom of the City of London
402:
1603:Political history of Belgium
1403:Bruxelles à travers les âges
777:Heraldry of the Seven Houses
212:Zeven geslachten van Brussel
7:
1332:), shorn and rolled cloth (
1144:
10:
1639:
1211:First Families of Virginia
918:
762:French Revolutionary Power
719:Historian and genealogist
299:
261:and captains of the urban
204:Sept lignages de Bruxelles
1352:Les Lignages de Bruxelles
1270:Les Lignages de Bruxelles
1151:Drapery Court of Brussels
167:
133:
125:
117:
106:
91:
43:
34:
23:
1414:Nicolas Joseph Stevens,
1392:, Brussels, 1932, p. 29.
1136:Baudouin Walckiers, PB,
1111:Joseph de Roovere, NPB,
809:Arms of the Seven Houses
318:John II, Duke of Brabant
274:ducal dynasty of Brabant
1196:Great Council of Venice
641:Nobility of its members
237:They formed, since the
1598:Nobility from Brussels
1384:Christophore Butkens,
818:
793:
717:
671:by rewriting it in an
606:
530:
431:
399:system of government.
313:
211:
203:
64:Burgundian Netherlands
1558:, Ghent 1884, p. 108.
1369:Les Familles Goossens
1326:Histoire de Bruxelles
1181:Bourgeoisie of Geneva
1161:Bourgeois of Brussels
943:post-nominal initials
816:
784:
709:
593:
534:Charitable activities
525:
421:
307:
1618:Austrian Netherlands
1593:Politics of Brussels
1556:La querelle des noms
1457:Aubin-Louis Millin,
1119:, Recueils X et XI).
1117:Tablettes du Brabant
1050:T'Kint de Roodenbeke
1005:adding missing items
468:of Saint-Christophe.
288:. Together with the
86:Austrian Netherlands
1588:History of Brussels
1386:Trophées de Brabant
958:a title of nobility
528:House of Roodenbeke
428:Bruxella Septenaria
388:Nations of Brussels
294:freemen of the city
110:1306 (restored) by
75:Spanish Netherlands
1206:Old Philadelphians
1176:Bourgeois of Paris
1156:Guilds of Brussels
1003:; you can help by
819:
794:
721:Christophe Butkens
673:encyclopedic style
660:is written like a
607:
531:
432:
314:
292:, they formed the
290:Guilds of Brussels
1509:, 1962, page 145.
1430:, Brussels, 1743.
1226:Dominant minority
1140:, Brussels, 1999.
1131:Présence du passé
1126:, Brussels, 1855.
1021:
1020:
701:
700:
693:
518:of Saint-Jacques.
498:of Saint-Laurent.
183:(also called the
177:
176:
1630:
1623:Duchy of Brabant
1608:Belgian families
1568:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1543:
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1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
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1510:
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1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1382:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1322:
1316:
1311:Members of the "
1309:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1279:
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1171:Tribes of Galway
1166:Belgian nobility
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653:
652:
645:
621:City of Brussels
508:of Saint-Gilles.
424:Erycius Puteanus
390:to counter this
310:Jacques Harrewyn
226:class and urban
101:Duchy of Brabant
99:
83:
82:
73:
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71:
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53:Duchy of Brabant
51:
39:
21:
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1147:
1133:, vol. 2, 1949.
1122:N. J. Stevens,
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1017:
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948:(for the Latin
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801:or by changing
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669:help improve it
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360:(/kawdən̪bəʁɡ/)
302:
92:Place of origin
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1545:Idem, page 89.
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1497:Léo Verriest,
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373:(/ʁodən̪bɛk/)
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251:Ancien Régime
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1307:
1302:, pp. 69-80.
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1106:Bibliography
1090:van der Noot
1009:
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565:Bloemardine.
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427:
409:genealogical
406:
397:aristocratic
392:oligarchical
377:
352:(/stenweɡz/)
315:
271:
266:
243:social class
236:
219:
191:
184:
180:
178:
56:
18:
1030:van Cotthem
915:Present day
855:Steenweeghs
842:Coudenbergh
788:were Plain
771:sui generis
635:Virgin Mary
609:The annual
384:matrilinear
380:patrilinear
357:Coudenbergh
349:Steenweeghs
336:(/sweɪrtz/)
239:Middle Ages
234:, Belgium.
228:aristocracy
154:Coudenbergh
150:Steenweeghs
126:Dissolution
1577:Categories
1330:scaerlaken
1244:References
1060:de Lalaing
1001:incomplete
935:ceremony.
881:Roodenbeke
868:Serroelofs
681:April 2021
512:Namur Gate
492:Halle Gate
462:Anderlecht
403:Membership
370:Roodenbeke
365:Serroelofs
344:(/sɛʁɡœz/)
162:Roodenbeke
158:Serroelofs
118:Traditions
1486:scabinale
1471:essence".
1367:, no. 1,
972:atricius
952:atricius
907:Serhuyghs
803:tinctures
754:Charles I
628:Pentecost
341:Serhuyghs
224:patrician
194:Patrician
146:Serhuyghs
1145:See also
1070:Leyniers
1040:Pipenpoy
932:Ommegang
612:Ommegang
603:Ommegang
585:Ommegang
502:Flanders
413:catholic
328:(/sløs/)
286:Habsburg
282:Burgundy
267:Lignages
263:militias
259:aldermen
247:monopoly
232:Brussels
196:families
187:Lineages
1334:scaeren
968:obilis
925:Today,
894:Sweerts
799:charges
750:John II
667:Please
452:Cologne
430:, 1656.
333:Sweerts
312:, 1697.
300:History
278:Louvain
245:with a
168:Website
142:Sweerts
112:John II
107:Founded
44:Country
1300:ibidem
829:Sleeus
516:Nation
506:Nation
496:Nation
486:Nation
482:Leuven
476:Nation
472:Laeken
466:Nation
456:Nation
445:Guilds
325:Sleeus
255:Guilds
200:French
192:Seven
185:Seven
138:Sleeus
84:
62:
790:Gules
705:noble
599:aegis
216:Latin
208:Dutch
1100:Orts
1080:Poot
752:and
284:and
241:, a
179:The
129:1794
1007:.
978:NPB
962:NPB
740:."
382:or
230:of
190:or
1579::
960:-
946:PB
426:,
296:.
280:,
269:.
218::
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210::
206:,
202::
160:,
156:,
152:,
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144:,
140:,
1014:)
1010:(
974:B
970:P
966:N
964:(
954:B
950:P
694:)
688:(
683:)
679:(
675:.
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