50:
593:) to legally tie their hands together, facilitate cooperation, and prevent cheating on one another. The companies sought to limit the supply of oil by controlling the speed at which oil fields were developed. From the 1920s to 1940s, they had agreements not to produce oil in the Middle East unless it was in coordination with one another. After the 1940s, the companies continued to collude. The discovery of massive oil fields in Saudi Arabia threatened to scuttle the cartel, as control of the oil fields by two companies could undermine existing supply management schemes. However, the Saudi oil production ultimately became jointly controlled by four of the seven sisters, thus making it easier to maintain coordination between the Seven Sisters.
38:
766:
competitive placement and equity market performance for years to come". The report indicated that the phase would be driven by the competitive implications of: (1) the globalization of privatized national oil companies and (2) the rising stature of specialized multinationals. Combinations were expected primarily between Major Oils which would then become "Super-Majors" which was a phrase created at Morgan
Stanley in the late 1990's to denote the prototype model for success in the Integrated Oil industry as gains in globalization and scale unfolded.
597:
sought to minimize the taxes and royalties paid to the governments. In terms of dealing with host governments, the Seven
Sisters benefitted from the willingness of British and American governments to pressure and coerce the host governments. The oil companies also slowed down production when taxes and royalties were increased by one host government while ramping up production in other territories with lower taxes and royalties, thus pressuring host governments to keep taxes and royalties low.
4350:
1081:
601:
leaders reliant on the support of the great powers and unwilling to upset them. Third, a number of oil-producing countries lacked the capital and technical expertise to run the oil production, as well as needed access to North
American and European markets. Fourth, oil-producing countries feared that they would be punished by Western governments and firms if they nationalized oil production (as
381:. The phrase "Super-Major" emanated from a report published by Douglas Terreson of Morgan Stanley in February 1998. The report foretold a substantial consolidation phase of "Major" Oil companies which would result in a group of dominant "Super-Major" entities. Big Oil previously referred to seven oil companies which formed the
782:, Total-Petrofina-Elf and others. The phase represented one of the largest consolidation phases in the history of the Energy sector. Corporate performance was very positive in Energy through 2007, underscoring the premise that the "Super-Major" thesis would create significant economic value for shareholders:
1553:
Encyclopedia of
Business in Today's World: A - C - Volume 1 - Page 174 Charles Wankel - 2009 The older term Big Oil, used in reference to the cooperative behavior and lobbying of oil companies, is often used now to refer specifically to the supermajors. Each supermajor has revenues in the hundreds of
761:
The Era of the Super Major was an industry report published by
Douglas Terreson of Morgan Stanley on 13 February 1998. Mr. Terreson was the top-rated Integrated Oil analyst according to Institutional Investor magazine at the time and had a broad following within the global investment community. After
639:
In 1959, the Seven
Sisters reduced the price of oil for Venezuela and Middle Eastern producers, which provoked anger among oil-producing governments. This prompted the oil-producing governments to take the initial steps to establish OPEC. The Seven Sisters threatened the OPEC founders that they would
596:
According to Jeff Colgan, the Seven
Sisters faced two major problems. The first revolved around coordinating the activities of the companies so that oil prices would be kept high. The second revolved around cooperation with the governments of the territories containing the oil reserves: the companies
920:
ranked higher on the 2022 Fortune Global 500 than Eni, though the company frequently touts that it is an independent refiner focused on midstream and downstream operations which does not have significant upstream activities. In the media, however, Valero is sometimes called a "Big Oil" company and
600:
Host governments faced a number of hurdles in terms of nationalizing the oil production. First, a number of oil-producing countries did not have independence and were controlled by empires. Second, great powers had installed compliant heads of state in several oil-producing countries, making those
1583:
Role of
National Oil Companies in the International Oil Market Robert Pirog - 2011 "In the United States, the term “big oil companies” is likely to be taken to mean the major private international oil companies, largely based in Europe or America. However, while some of those companies are indeed
1563:
Green Energy: An A-to-Z Guide - Page 331 Dustin
Mulvaney - 2011 "the oil majors have the power to manipulate oil prices, profiteering at the expense of consumers in North America and Europe. Although the term Big Oil is used in the media, it is not used to describe the Oil Producing and Exporting
1543:
Defending the
National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and ... - Page 330 Stephen D. Krasner - 1978 "Kennedy's Treasury Secretary, Douglas Dillon, was a director of Chase Manhattan Bank and thus tied to the Rockefellers and big oil. Nixon's campaigns were partly financed by oil money, and his
1533:
Corporate Packaging Management C. Wayne Barlow - 1969 "Even with the price ceilings, gas cost more than it had, prompting consumers to charge that “Big Oil,” and not the Arabs, had used the crisis to squeeze profits from oppressed consumers. Some thought that the oil companies got rich from the
1573:
Crude Reality: Petroleum in World History Brian C. Black - 2012 "Therefore, Big Oil included large-scale corporate infrastructure that spanned the globe without ever releasing the basic elements that titillated the public: fortune, danger, and bust. Today, the term Big Oil most likely evokes a
765:
The premise of the report was that "a confluence of industry dynamics would conspire to produce a strategic and financial environment that was conducive to major consolidation activity in the Integrated Oil sector. Significant modifications to the strategic landscape would result, dictating
762:
many years of poor industry performance by the Energy sector. Mr. Terreson suggested that business models had become obsolete, and that major strategic change was needed across the global Energy sector for value propositions to become competitive with the other parts of the market.
1391:
Nafta - Volume 56 - Page 447 2005 "Tom Nicholls, editor, Petroleum Economist, writes WHOEVER coined the term supermajor should have kept some superlatives in reserve. Oil companies may rank as some of the biggest private-sector corporations, but when it comes to oil
769:
Within 6 months of publication of "The Era of the Super-Major", BP and Amoco merged, representing the largest industrial combination on Wall Street at that time. The combined value of the stocks of those 2 companies rose significantly and that merger was followed by
424:
which describe industries dominated by a few giant corporations, was popularized in print from the late 1960s. Today it is often used to refer specifically to the seven supermajors. The use of the term in the popular media often excludes the national producers and
934:
690:
oil producers. Despite their market power, the Seven Sisters kept prices stable at moderate levels. This was done to not incentivize governments in both the consumer and producer countries to impose regulations on the oil industry.
1204:
837:
ranking, and as of 2007 all were within the top 25. Between 2004 and 2007 the profits of the six supermajors totaled US$ 494.8 billion. Many of these now-merged companies remain in the
2807:
753:, by 2012 only 7% of the world's known oil reserves were in countries that allowed private international companies free rein. Fully 65% were in the hands of state-owned companies.
3575:
663:
that tried its best to eliminate competitors and keep control of the world's oil resource. The term for the oil cartel was further popularized, along with a fictional logo, in
2488:
2348:
964:
has used the label "The New Seven Sisters" to refer to a group of what it argues are the most influential national oil and gas companies based in countries outside of the
1230:
323:
1318:
958:, primarily located in the Middle East. A trend of increasing influence of the OPEC cartel, state-owned oil companies in emerging-market economies is shown and the
1651:
3471:
965:
2440:
1418:
4316:
707:. In the 1970s, many countries with large reserves nationalized holdings of all major oil companies. Since then, industry dominance has shifted to the
2119:
1442:
In global oil parlance, it is common to talk about the" seven supermajors" comprising ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, BP, Shell, Total and Eni.
1037:
In the maritime industry, a group of six companies that control the chartering of the majority of oil tankers worldwide are together referred to as
3696:
2994:
2525:
1150:
2141:
1695:
1678:
1193:
2388:
2013:
1861:
1401:
17:
2570:
2984:
2858:
3466:
3461:
3446:
3441:
2989:
609:
2795:
3411:
686:, well organized, and able to negotiate cohesively as a cartel, the Seven Sisters were initially able to exert considerable power over
2641:
2173:
2070:
3035:
3004:
2999:
2473:
704:
670:
349:
Sources conflict on the exact makeup of Big Oil today, though the companies which are most frequently mentioned as supermajors are
3778:
2588:
1926:
3652:
3476:
1366:
1222:
841:, with ExxonMobil ranking 12th, Total ranking 27th, BP ranking 35th, and Chevron ranking 37th in the 2022 edition of the list.
2506:
3060:
2746:
1816:
1784:
1759:
1137:, a Gilded Age term for wealthy and unethical 19th-century American businessmen, often applied to Rockefeller of Standard Oil
4379:
3783:
3451:
3025:
1122:
1117:
969:
724:
651:, sought membership for his company, but was rejected and since then spread the expression "Seven Sisters". British writer
573:
By the 1930s, the Seven Sisters dominated oil production in the world. The companies owned nearly all rights to the oil in
450:
442:
1642:
3030:
2540:
1242:
4164:
3843:
3559:
538:
528:
2093:
4311:
3615:
3368:
2767:
2722:
1909:
1428:
621:
2447:
4374:
4200:
3853:
3348:
3045:
3040:
2851:
548:
3858:
3416:
3301:
3227:
882:
49:
2831:
1021:
and refining equipment, have also been associated with Big Oil due to their political influence. In particular,
1017:
Other companies not directly involved in trading oil and gas, but still supplying accessories such as drilling,
4326:
4097:
3763:
3316:
3234:
3161:
2704:
1310:
1288:
2414:
994:
3534:
3431:
3421:
3343:
1340:
874:
2555:
901:
is less frequently counted as one of the Big Oil companies due to spinning off its downstream division into
4384:
4306:
4301:
3838:
3823:
3272:
1134:
980:
728:
2321:
1487:
4353:
4321:
2844:
665:
60:
3908:
3509:
3494:
3456:
3217:
3094:
905:. Additionally, ConocoPhillips in 2022 ranked lower than any of the six major Big Oil companies on the
826:
4280:
3813:
3554:
3358:
2044:
1836:
1675:
1097:
712:
390:
37:
2220:
2149:
1703:
1509:
2349:"Major handouts could make Big Oil companies the biggest "beneficiaries" of Manchin's climate deal"
2145:
68:
2392:
2021:
1871:
4331:
4205:
3262:
3254:
3205:
3156:
3076:
2961:
2956:
2615:"Dolphin Tanker Srl v Westport Petroleum Inc (The Savina Caylyn) [2010] EWHC 2617 (Comm)"
421:
2374:
1619:
833:
This process of consolidation created some of the largest global corporations as defined by the
3808:
3549:
3239:
3089:
2926:
2901:
2489:"What Makes Koch Industries 'Big Oil' And Why You Shouldn't Believe The Claims Saying It Isn't"
590:
434:
393:(a predecessor of BP), Shell plc, three of Chevron's predecessors (Standard Oil of California,
4185:
3627:
3610:
3544:
3306:
3173:
3126:
3099:
2941:
2893:
935:
2021–2022 United States House of Representatives investigation into the fossil fuels industry
849:
The composition of Big Oil is subject to wide debate. Nearly all accounts of Big Oil include
683:
464:
327:
4082:
3752:
3514:
3396:
3222:
3195:
3178:
3104:
2936:
1107:
1026:
955:
930:
2170:
429:
oil companies who have a much greater global role in setting prices than the supermajors.
8:
4230:
4175:
4102:
3991:
3803:
3721:
3401:
3267:
1054:
854:
629:
566:
532:
517:
492:
382:
354:
199:
43:
Globally, net income of the oil and gas industry reached a record US$ 4 trillion in 2022.
491:
The history of the supermajors traces back to the seven oil companies which formed the "
480:
The expression "Seven Sisters" was coined by the head of the Italian state oil company (
346:
and also used to refer to the industry as a whole in a pejorative or derogatory manner.
4077:
3499:
3109:
3009:
2867:
2738:
Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Oil Policy, 1941–1954
2510:
1994:
1283:
1261:
1140:
1029:
have actively funded lobby groups, think tanks and media outlets aligned with Big Oil.
906:
873:. All six of these companies are vertically integrated within the industry and operate
838:
834:
602:
496:
377:
frequently being included as well prior to spinning off its downstream operations into
343:
225:
3524:
4225:
3353:
3328:
3131:
3116:
2763:
2742:
2718:
2700:
1998:
1986:
1905:
1812:
1780:
1777:
Mossadeq: L'Iran, il petrolio, gli Stati Uniti e le radici della Rivoluzione Islamica
1755:
1424:
56:
2736:
1938:
1458:
4052:
3773:
3376:
3294:
3212:
3050:
2931:
2821:
2732:
2712:
1978:
798:
461:
254:
2757:
1982:
620:. In an effort to bring Iranian oil production back to international markets, the
4285:
4275:
4017:
3768:
3657:
3583:
3386:
3381:
3311:
3279:
3190:
2906:
2177:
1893:
1806:
1749:
1682:
1022:
960:
745:
700:
652:
402:
2568:
1965:
4122:
4042:
4032:
4022:
3963:
3938:
3647:
3588:
3519:
3406:
3391:
3200:
3138:
2883:
2574:
2541:"Meet the Billionaire Brothers You Never Heard of Who Fund the Religious Right"
1062:
947:
reserves. Conversely, 88% of global oil and gas reserves are controlled by the
898:
775:
374:
339:
301:
2569:
Gruley, Bryan; Kevin Crowley; Rachel Adams-Heard; David Wethe (20 July 2020).
2526:"Big Oil — PBS Frontline Series On An Industry That Lies To Get What It Wants"
67:
of projects shut down in Russia, and backing off from earlier plans to reduce
59:, energy company profits increased with higher fuel prices resulting from the
4368:
4190:
4147:
4112:
3741:
3622:
3595:
3529:
2921:
1990:
1866:
1238:
1086:
1066:
1058:
917:
870:
794:
648:
485:
457:
370:
335:
269:
166:
155:
4250:
4180:
4072:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4037:
3923:
3903:
3848:
3632:
3600:
3539:
3436:
3338:
3244:
3121:
3055:
2800:
2296:
1008:
944:
940:
716:
633:
586:
582:
446:
122:
2271:
4220:
4142:
4092:
3913:
3883:
3828:
3818:
3504:
3183:
3166:
3084:
2946:
2916:
2911:
2817:
1239:"Why are BP, Shell, and other oil giants making so much money right now?"
1170:
1145:
1127:
902:
797:
in 2000, with the resulting company subsequently renamed Total S.A. (now
687:
676:
460:
industry, six to seven large oil companies that decide a majority of the
378:
262:
243:
1898:
27:
Largest publicly traded oil and gas companies, also known as supermajors
4270:
4137:
4127:
3893:
3731:
3637:
2788:
2507:"'What we now know … they lied': how big oil companies betrayed us all"
1256:
1050:
850:
771:
750:
628:
of major oil companies, several of which were daughter corporations of
625:
556:
542:
350:
140:
103:
2245:
2194:
1235: • Details for 2020 from the more detailed diagram in
322:
is a name sometimes used to describe the world's six or seven largest
4265:
3996:
3943:
3888:
3878:
3788:
3736:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3642:
3323:
2951:
2878:
2836:
2783:
1042:
987:
878:
858:
790:
736:
523:
413:
362:
129:
64:
2668:"Legal aspects of oil major approvals in oil tanker charter parties"
2322:"Big Oil's New Ad Campaign Is 'One of the Creepiest' It's Ever Made"
1900:
The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped
4260:
4240:
4235:
4215:
4210:
3986:
3976:
3898:
3833:
3605:
3333:
3289:
3284:
3148:
2502:
2418:
1112:
1102:
1018:
1001:
749:
called these "the new Seven Sisters". According to consulting firm
740:
673:
513:
417:
394:
218:
170:
148:
144:
2571:"Frackers Are in Crisis, Endangering America's Energy Renaissance"
2276:
Sport-net : Your #1 source for sports information and updates
3928:
3918:
3798:
3793:
2811:
2372:
1080:
1069:
such as "Shelltime 4" frequently mention the phrase "oil major".
973:
720:
617:
589:. The companies established jointly owned companies (such as the
438:
192:
2832:
List of World's Largest Oil and Gas Companies Ranked by Reserves
2045:"The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals"
1837:"The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals"
1643:"The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals"
1594:
342:
and influence on politics. Big Oil is often associated with the
4245:
4132:
4117:
4107:
4067:
3981:
2120:"Oil Supermajors' Debt From the Crude Collapse May Have Peaked"
2071:"The New Seven Sisters: Today's Most Powerful Energy Companies"
951:
822:
816:
779:
660:
562:
398:
258:
214:
210:
1966:"Oil and power: the effectiveness of state threats on markets"
1676:
The new Seven Sisters: oil and gas giants dwarf western rivals
612:, previously controlled by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now
4027:
4001:
3971:
3933:
3873:
3868:
3863:
805:
732:
552:
430:
406:
188:
114:
2553:
4255:
4195:
3948:
3426:
2614:
2391:. The Times (South Africa). 24 January 2010. Archived from
2375:"Who are the major players supplying the world oil market?"
1459:"The 6 Big Oil Supermajor Stocks Ranked From Best To Worst"
948:
809:
708:
578:
574:
488:, who sought membership for his company, but was rejected.
426:
236:
118:
4087:
3953:
3726:
2825:
2667:
909:, and its revenue was superseded by Phillips 66 in 2022.
866:
756:
644:
499:
from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. The Seven Sisters were:
481:
366:
285:
89:
939:
As a group, the supermajors control around 6% of global
640:
lose market access if they went ahead with their plans.
3716:
2589:"Meaning of an 'Oil major' and 'Recognised Oil Majors'"
2441:"FT – New and Old Leaders in the Upstream Oil Industry"
1931:–Style Rides Reigned at This Post-Apocalyptic Car Show"
1046:
862:
613:
507:
503:
358:
177:
2741:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1808:
Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order
1751:
Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order
1620:"TEN wins long-term suezmax charter with an oil major"
1203:. International Energy Agency. May 2023. p. 61.
703:, the Seven Sisters controlled around 85 per cent of
616:), and Iranian oil was subjected to an international
4317:
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers
2759:
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power
1544:
Secretary of the Interior, Walter Hickel, was an ...
1488:"The super-majors...what and who are they? | OilNOW"
1311:"Oil majors' output growth hinges on strategy shift"
1076:
605:
was when he nationalized the Iranian oil industry).
2818:"In heated hearings, oil bosses defend big profits"
1186:
2642:"The World's Biggest Oil And Gas Companies - 2015"
2554:Derek Seidman and Molly Gott (25 September 2019).
2415:"New and Old Leaders in the Upstream Oil Industry"
1964:
1897:
1641:
786:Exxon and Mobil merging to form ExxonMobil in 1999
1685:, by Carola Hoyos, Financial Times. 11 March 2007
4366:
2538:
1151:List of largest oil and gas companies by revenue
711:cartel and state-owned oil and gas companies in
1962:
1341:"Shell will invest despite decline in earnings"
1214:
2852:
2486:
1223:"Big Oil doubles profits in blockbuster 2022"
2523:
1367:"ConocoPhillips: The Making Of An Oil Major"
2094:"Why Should Bahamas Be In 7% Oil Minority?"
1963:McFarland, Victor; Colgan, Jeff D. (2022).
1811:. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–72.
1754:. Oxford University Press. pp. 61–66.
643:The head of the Italian state oil company (
2859:
2845:
2373:Energy Information Administration (2009).
655:took over the term when he wrote the book
2697:Crude Reality: Petroleum in World History
1971:Review of International Political Economy
1924:
1416:
401:), and two of ExxonMobil's predecessors (
2699:. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
2501:
2471:
2269:
1774:
1696:"Business: The Seven Sisters Still Rule"
1554:billions of dollars, benefiting from ...
1456:
921:grouped with the other large companies.
3779:China National Offshore Oil Corporation
2731:
2346:
2117:
1892:
1886:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1743:
1741:
1303:
475:
14:
4367:
3653:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir
3412:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war
2866:
2755:
2639:
2433:
2407:
2218:
1958:
1956:
1830:
1828:
1804:
1747:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1507:
1485:
1359:
1333:
1220:
1032:
888:
844:
829:merging in 2002 to form ConocoPhillips
412:The term, analogous to others such as
2840:
2808:"Big Oil bears brunt over gas prices"
2710:
2640:Helman, Christopher (19 March 2015).
2091:
2068:
2042:
1862:"Italy: Two-Timing the Seven Sisters"
1834:
1671:
1669:
1654:from the original on 12 December 2022
1481:
1479:
1452:
1450:
1412:
1410:
453:than any investor-owned oil company.
3784:China National Petroleum Corporation
2474:"Fact-checkers and Kochs' 'Big Oil'"
2389:"Shaky industry that runs the world"
2270:Chenevey, Yoshie (28 January 2022).
2221:"What are the Big Oil Super Majors?"
2118:Katakey, Rakteem (26 January 2017).
2014:"Shaky industry that runs the world"
2011:
1793:
1510:"What are the Big Oil Super Majors?"
1236:
1123:Big Three (management consultancies)
1118:Big Three (automobile manufacturers)
725:China National Petroleum Corporation
443:China National Petroleum Corporation
2665:
2558:. Public Accountability Initiative.
2366:
2036:
1953:
1825:
1718:
1702:. 11 September 1978. Archived from
1245:from the original on 22 April 2023.
1233:from the original on 31 March 2023.
1210:from the original on 7 August 2023.
24:
3844:National Iranian South Oil Company
3560:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
2689:
1666:
1476:
1447:
1407:
694:
679:about apocalyptic fuel shortages.
610:Iran nationalized its oil industry
495:" cartel and dominated the global
467:business are called "Oil Majors".
25:
4396:
4312:Intercontinental Exchange Futures
4201:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
3854:Oil & Gas Development Company
2777:
2556:"The Money Behind Empower Texans"
2539:Peter Montgomery (13 June 2014).
2148:. 1 December 1998. Archived from
2069:Vardi, Nicholas (28 March 2007).
893:
4349:
4348:
1321:from the original on 13 May 2012
1079:
334:. The term, particularly in the
311:
295:
279:
48:
36:
3859:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
2659:
2633:
2607:
2581:
2562:
2547:
2532:
2517:
2495:
2480:
2465:
2381:
2340:
2314:
2289:
2263:
2238:
2219:Herold, Thomas (3 March 2017).
2212:
2187:
2164:
2134:
2111:
2085:
2062:
2043:Hoyos, Carola (11 March 2007).
2005:
1918:
1854:
1835:Hoyos, Carola (11 March 2007).
1768:
1688:
1634:
1612:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1527:
1508:Herold, Thomas (3 March 2017).
1501:
1395:
1289:Marathon Petroleum Corporation
1221:Bousso, Ron (8 February 2023).
682:Being politically influential,
4327:Society of Petroleum Engineers
4098:Port Harcourt Refining Company
3764:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
2524:Steve Hanley (25 April 2022).
2417:. ypenergy.org. Archived from
2347:Johnson, Jake (29 July 2022).
2092:Allen, David (26 April 2012).
1925:Ohanesian, Liz (23 May 2016).
1870:. 14 June 1963. Archived from
1622:. Lloyds List. 1 December 2015
1385:
1276:
1249:
1237:King, Ben (12 February 2023).
1194:"World Energy Investment 2023"
1163:
705:the world's petroleum reserves
13:
1:
3273:Production sharing agreements
2487:Rebecca Leber (14 May 2012).
2012:Mann, Ian (24 January 2010).
1983:10.1080/09692290.2021.2014931
1584:among the largest in the ..."
1457:Reynolds, Ben (9 June 2022).
1180:
659:in 1975, to describe the oil
18:Seven Sisters (oil companies)
4307:Canadian petroleum companies
4302:American Petroleum Institute
3839:National Iranian Oil Company
3824:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
2711:Blair, John Malcolm (1976).
2184:website, accessed Aug. 2008.
981:National Iranian Oil Company
924:
757:"The Era of the Super-Major"
729:National Iranian Oil Company
624:suggested the creation of a
7:
4380:Multinational oil companies
4322:International Energy Agency
3307:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
2796:"Big Oil's bigtime looting"
2225:Herold Financial Dictionary
1514:Herold Financial Dictionary
1072:
666:Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior
61:Russian invasion of Ukraine
10:
4401:
3909:PTT Public Company Limited
3510:East Midlands Oil Province
3495:List of natural gas fields
3095:Integrated asset modelling
1904:. New York: Viking Press.
1775:Beltrame, Stefano (2009).
1169:Data is based on the 2022
928:
827:Phillips Petroleum Company
539:Standard Oil of New Jersey
529:Standard Oil of California
470:
4344:
4294:
4281:Weatherford International
4160:
4010:
3962:
3814:Iraq National Oil Company
3750:
3707:
3692:
3683:
3568:
3485:
3367:
3253:
3147:
3075:
3018:
2977:
2970:
2892:
2874:
1486:OilNOW (29 August 2017).
1098:Big Four accounting firms
956:state-owned oil companies
912:
743:(Malaysia). In 2007, the
713:emerging-market economies
504:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
435:state-owned oil companies
391:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
2762:. New York: Free Press.
2695:Black, Brian C. (2012).
2472:Bob King (13 May 2012).
2146:NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
2018:The Times (South Africa)
1805:Colgan, Jeff D. (2021).
1748:Colgan, Jeff D. (2021).
1420:"Energy and Geopolitics"
1156:
549:Standard Oil of New York
451:greater revenues in 2022
407:Standard Oil of New York
69:greenhouse gas emissions
4375:Anti-corporate activism
4332:World Petroleum Council
4206:China Oilfield Services
3263:Petroleum fiscal regime
2962:Western Canadian Select
2957:West Texas Intermediate
2792:, week of 16 June 2006.
2756:Yergin, Daniel (1993).
1417:Högselius, Per (2018).
1402:Inside the Big Oil Game
1094:Other "Big" industries
63:, falling debt levels,
3809:Indian Oil Corporation
3295:Submersible pump (ESP)
3240:Underbalanced drilling
3061:of gasoline and diesel
1681:19 August 2007 at the
1574:negative visceral ..."
815:Chevron's merger with
591:Iraq Petroleum Company
4186:Cameron International
3628:Petrodollar recycling
3611:fossil fuel phase-out
3174:Differential sticking
3127:Reflection seismology
3100:Petroleum engineering
2942:OPEC Reference Basket
2798:, editorial from the
804:BP's acquisitions of
684:vertically integrated
622:U.S. State Department
328:oil and gas companies
4083:Occidental Petroleum
3397:1990 oil price shock
3223:Shale oil extraction
3196:Drilling engineering
3179:Directional drilling
3105:Reservoir simulation
2543:. American Prospect.
2446:. FT. Archived from
2176:11 July 2018 at the
1284:"Marathon Petroleum"
931:The Power of Big Oil
789:Total's merger with
476:As the Seven Sisters
4385:Petroleum economics
4231:Naftiran Intertrade
4176:Amec Foster Wheeler
4103:Reliance Industries
3992:Naftiran Intertrade
3804:Hindustan Petroleum
3402:2000s energy crisis
2828:), 9 November 2005.
2804:, 2 September 2005.
2421:on 22 December 2011
2272:"What Valero Owns?"
2152:on 17 December 2020
1874:on 13 February 2008
1033:Maritime oil majors
889:Possible inclusions
845:Present composition
630:John D. Rockefeller
493:Consortium for Iran
383:Consortium for Iran
338:, emphasizes their
326:and investor-owned
81:
4078:Marathon Petroleum
3500:List of oil fields
3110:Reservoir modeling
2868:Petroleum industry
2814:, 23 October 2005.
2717:. Pantheon Books.
2714:The Control of Oil
2453:on 30 October 2020
2395:on 27 January 2010
2024:on 27 January 2010
1373:. 12 December 2005
1345:The New York Times
1141:Energy development
907:Fortune Global 500
839:Fortune Global 500
835:Forbes Global 2000
603:Mohammad Mossadegh
497:petroleum industry
344:fossil fuels lobby
80:Big Oil companies
79:
4362:
4361:
4340:
4339:
4226:Nabors Industries
4156:
4155:
3354:Well intervention
3329:Petroleum product
3228:Ljungström method
3132:Seismic inversion
3117:Petroleum geology
3071:
3070:
2784:"Crude Awakening"
2748:978-0-801-82693-1
2733:Painter, David S.
2619:www.lawandsea.net
2595:. Law and the sea
2593:www.lawandsea.net
2505:(26 April 2022).
2328:. 27 January 2022
1818:978-0-19-754640-6
1786:978-88-498-2533-6
1761:978-0-19-754640-6
1650:. 12 March 2007.
1595:"Global 500 2020"
1347:. 2 February 2006
1317:. 1 August 2008.
793:in 1999 and with
778:, Chevron-Texaco-
774:, BP-Amoco-Arco,
657:The Seven Sisters
316:
315:
57:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
4392:
4352:
4351:
4053:Hess Corporation
3774:Bharat Petroleum
3705:
3704:
3690:
3689:
3377:1967 Oil Embargo
3213:Lost circulation
3051:Posted oil price
2975:
2974:
2932:Isthmus-34 Light
2861:
2854:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2822:Associated Press
2773:
2752:
2728:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2666:McInnes, David.
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2528:. CleanTechnica.
2521:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2491:. ThinkProgress.
2484:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2122:. Bloomberg News
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2020:. Archived from
2009:
2003:
2002:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1941:on 22 April 2017
1937:. Archived from
1922:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1894:Sampson, Anthony
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:on 13 April 2009
1692:
1686:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1234:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1190:
1174:
1167:
1089:
1084:
1083:
799:TotalEnergies SE
671:post-apocalyptic
462:crude oil tanker
330:, also known as
82:
78:
52:
40:
21:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4336:
4290:
4286:John Wood Group
4276:Valaris Limited
4169:
4166:
4163:
4152:
4018:APA Corporation
4006:
3958:
3757:
3754:
3746:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3685:
3679:
3580:Classification
3564:
3487:
3481:
3417:Nationalization
3387:1979 oil crisis
3382:1973 oil crisis
3363:
3349:Water injection
3317:Steam injection
3312:Gas reinjection
3280:Artificial lift
3249:
3191:Drill stem test
3143:
3067:
3014:
2966:
2888:
2870:
2865:
2780:
2770:
2749:
2725:
2692:
2690:Further reading
2687:
2677:
2675:
2674:. Ince & Co
2672:www.lmaa.london
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2638:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2567:
2563:
2552:
2548:
2537:
2533:
2522:
2518:
2500:
2496:
2485:
2481:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:Wayback Machine
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2073:. Seeking Alpha
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2049:Financial Times
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2010:
2006:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1841:Financial Times
1833:
1826:
1819:
1803:
1794:
1787:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1746:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1683:Wayback Machine
1674:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1448:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1067:Charter parties
1035:
1023:Koch Industries
961:Financial Times
937:
927:
915:
896:
891:
847:
808:in 1998 and of
759:
746:Financial Times
701:1973 oil crisis
697:
695:1973 oil crisis
653:Anthony Sampson
478:
473:
403:Jersey Standard
324:publicly traded
317:
306:$ 48.3 billion
261:
257:
217:
213:
191:
169:
147:
143:
121:
117:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
65:tax write-downs
53:
45:
44:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4123:Surgutneftegas
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4043:Eneos Holdings
4040:
4035:
4033:ConocoPhillips
4030:
4025:
4023:Cenovus Energy
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3964:Energy trading
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3650:
3648:Swing producer
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3520:Gulf of Mexico
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:2010s oil glut
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:1980s oil glut
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3201:Drilling fluid
3198:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3139:Seismic source
3136:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Japan Cocktail
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2884:Primary energy
2881:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2815:
2805:
2793:
2779:
2778:External links
2776:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2729:
2723:
2708:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2658:
2632:
2606:
2580:
2575:Bloomberg News
2561:
2546:
2531:
2516:
2494:
2479:
2464:
2432:
2406:
2380:
2365:
2339:
2313:
2288:
2262:
2237:
2211:
2186:
2163:
2133:
2110:
2084:
2061:
2035:
2004:
1977:(2): 487–510.
1952:
1917:
1910:
1885:
1853:
1824:
1817:
1792:
1785:
1779:. Rubbettino.
1767:
1760:
1717:
1687:
1665:
1633:
1611:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1500:
1475:
1446:
1429:
1406:
1394:
1384:
1358:
1332:
1302:
1275:
1248:
1213:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1074:
1071:
1063:ConocoPhillips
1034:
1031:
1012:(Saudi Arabia)
926:
923:
914:
911:
899:ConocoPhillips
895:
894:ConocoPhillips
892:
890:
887:
846:
843:
831:
830:
820:
813:
802:
787:
776:ConocoPhillips
758:
755:
739:(Brazil), and
699:Preceding the
696:
693:
571:
570:
560:
546:
541:(Exxon, later
536:
526:
521:
511:
477:
474:
472:
469:
375:ConocoPhillips
340:economic power
314:
313:
310:
309:$ 8.1 billion
307:
304:
302:ConocoPhillips
298:
297:
294:
293:$ 5.8 billion
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
277:$ 0.9 billion
275:
274:$ 108 billion
272:
266:
265:
252:
251:$ 1.3 billion
249:
248:$ 115 billion
246:
240:
239:
234:
231:
230:$ 141 billion
228:
222:
221:
208:
205:
204:$ 163 billion
202:
196:
195:
186:
185:$ 7.6 billion
183:
182:$ 164 billion
180:
174:
173:
164:
161:
160:$ 185 billion
158:
152:
151:
138:
135:
134:$ 273 billion
132:
126:
125:
112:
109:
108:$ 286 billion
106:
100:
99:
96:
93:
86:
77:
54:
47:
46:
42:
35:
34:
33:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4397:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4159:
4149:
4148:Valero Energy
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Suncor Energy
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3749:
3743:
3742:TotalEnergies
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3691:
3688:
3686:organisations
3684:Companies and
3682:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Petrocurrency
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:Oil shale gas
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3576:Abbreviations
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:Permian Basin
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3472:United States
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:Seven Sisters
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Core sampling
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Indian Basket
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2769:0-671-79932-0
2765:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2724:0-394-49470-9
2720:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2621:. Law and sea
2620:
2616:
2610:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2468:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2376:
2369:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2302:
2298:
2297:"Our History"
2292:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:"Slick Deal?"
2137:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2072:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1913:
1911:0-553-20449-1
1907:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1621:
1615:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1464:
1463:Sure Dividend
1460:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1432:
1430:9781351710282
1426:
1423:. Routledge.
1422:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1372:
1371:Business Week
1368:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:"Fortune 500"
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:Energy portal
1082:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:TotalEnergies
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:. These are:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1027:Wilks Masonry
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
989:
985:
982:
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:
957:
953:
950:
946:
942:
936:
932:
922:
919:
918:Valero Energy
910:
908:
904:
900:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:TotalEnergies
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
842:
840:
836:
828:
824:
821:
818:
814:
811:
807:
803:
800:
796:
795:Elf Aquitaine
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
781:
777:
773:
767:
763:
754:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
735:(Venezuela),
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
692:
689:
685:
680:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:Enrico Mattei
646:
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
564:
561:
558:
554:
550:
547:
544:
540:
537:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
519:
515:
512:
509:
505:
502:
501:
500:
498:
494:
489:
487:
486:Enrico Mattei
483:
468:
466:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
445:, as well as
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Seven Sisters
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:TotalEnergies
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
336:United States
333:
329:
325:
321:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
292:
290:$ 77 billion
289:
287:
284:
283:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
233:$ 10 billion
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
220:
216:
212:
209:
207:$ 16 billion
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:Elf Aquitaine
165:
163:$ 16 billion
162:
159:
157:
156:TotalEnergies
154:
153:
150:
146:
142:
139:
137:$ 20 billion
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
124:
120:
116:
113:
111:$ 23 billion
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
97:
95:Profit (USD)
94:
91:
87:
84:
83:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
39:
30:
19:
4251:Schlumberger
4181:Baker Hughes
4073:Marathon Oil
4063:Imperial Oil
4058:Husky Energy
4048:Galp Energia
4038:Devon Energy
3924:Saudi Aramco
3904:Petrovietnam
3849:NNPC Limited
3753:National oil
3708:
3633:Petrofiction
3601:Orphan wells
3569:Other topics
3540:Persian Gulf
3467:Saudi Arabia
3437:Standard Oil
3245:Well logging
3122:Petrophysics
2801:Boston Globe
2799:
2787:
2758:
2737:
2713:
2696:
2676:. Retrieved
2671:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2645:
2635:
2623:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2564:
2549:
2534:
2519:
2497:
2482:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2448:the original
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2409:
2397:. Retrieved
2393:the original
2383:
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2352:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2325:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:
2265:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:
2246:"Global 500"
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2195:"Global 500"
2189:
2181:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2136:
2124:. Retrieved
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2022:the original
2017:
2007:
1974:
1970:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1934:
1928:
1920:
1899:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:the original
1865:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:
1807:
1776:
1770:
1750:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:the original
1699:
1690:
1656:. Retrieved
1647:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1466:. Retrieved
1462:
1441:
1434:. Retrieved
1419:
1397:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1370:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1314:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1287:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:
1226:
1216:
1200:
1188:
1165:
1135:Robber baron
1039:"oil majors"
1038:
1036:
1016:
1011:
1009:Saudi Aramco
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
959:
938:
916:
897:
848:
832:
768:
764:
760:
744:
717:Saudi Aramco
698:
681:
664:
656:
642:
638:
634:Standard Oil
632:'s original
607:
599:
595:
587:Persian Gulf
583:Saudi Arabia
572:
490:
479:
455:
447:Saudi Aramco
411:
386:
348:
331:
319:
318:
123:Imperial Oil
29:
4221:Halliburton
4093:Phillips 66
3914:QatarEnergy
3884:Petrobangla
3819:KazMunayGas
3709:Supermajors
3658:heavy crude
3545:Prudhoe Bay
3525:Niger Delta
3505:Caspian Sea
3268:Concessions
3218:Measurement
3184:Geosteering
3167:Squeeze job
3077:Exploration
3026:Consumption
2985:Consumption
2978:Natural gas
2907:Bonny Light
2476:. Politico.
2358:1 September
2332:1 September
2306:1 September
2281:1 September
2230:1 September
2098:The Tribune
1935:L.A. Weekly
1604:16 December
1493:1 September
1468:1 September
1268:17 November
1171:Fortune 500
1146:Fossil fuel
1128:Big Tobacco
998:(Venezuela)
903:Phillips 66
688:Third World
677:action film
389:" were the
379:Phillips 66
332:supermajors
244:Phillips 66
4369:Categories
4271:Transocean
4138:Tullow Oil
4128:TechnipFMC
3894:PetroChina
3732:ExxonMobil
3638:Shale band
3515:East Texas
3488:and fields
3302:Downstream
3255:Production
3162:Completion
3090:Geophysics
3031:Production
2990:Production
2927:Indonesian
2902:Argus Sour
2894:Benchmarks
2705:0742556549
2678:6 December
2651:6 December
2625:6 December
2599:6 December
2457:20 January
2425:20 January
2399:26 October
2171:Global 500
2054:20 October
1846:20 October
1710:24 October
1658:23 October
1626:6 December
1564:Countries'
1519:13 October
1295:26 October
1181:References
1108:Big Pharma
1051:ExxonMobil
1005:(Malaysia)
929:See also:
883:downstream
851:ExxonMobil
772:ExxonMobil
751:PFC Energy
723:(Russia),
715:, such as
636:monopoly.
626:consortium
585:, and the
557:ExxonMobil
543:ExxonMobil
465:chartering
422:Big Pharma
351:ExxonMobil
141:Jiffy Lube
104:ExxonMobil
55:After the
4266:TC Energy
4167:companies
3997:Trafigura
3944:Sonatrach
3889:Petrobras
3879:Pertamina
3789:Ecopetrol
3755:companies
3699:companies
3697:petroleum
3673:tight oil
3668:oil shale
3663:oil sands
3643:Shale gas
3584:sweet oil
3555:Venezuela
3530:North Sea
3486:Provinces
3477:Venezuela
3324:Midstream
3019:Petroleum
2879:Petroleum
2255:26 August
2204:16 August
2156:20 August
1999:245399635
1991:0969-2290
988:Petrobras
968:, namely
925:Influence
879:midstream
791:Petrofina
737:Petrobras
674:dystopian
669:, a 1981
608:In 1951,
414:Big Steel
130:Shell plc
88:Revenue (
4354:Category
4261:Subsea 7
4241:Petrofac
4236:NOV Inc.
4216:GE Power
4211:Enbridge
4165:services
3987:Mercuria
3977:Glencore
3939:Sonangol
3899:Petronas
3834:Naftogaz
3606:Peak oil
3589:sour oil
3344:Upstream
3339:Refining
3334:Pipeline
3290:Pumpjack
3285:Gas lift
3206:invasion
3149:Drilling
3036:Reserves
2995:Reserves
2735:(1986).
2511:Newsroom
2503:Rod Oram
2174:Archived
2126:22 April
2103:23 April
2077:12 April
2028:12 April
1945:22 April
1896:(1975).
1878:23 April
1679:Archived
1652:Archived
1351:28 April
1325:28 April
1319:Archived
1243:Archived
1231:Archived
1205:Archived
1113:Big Tech
1103:Big Soda
1073:See also
1019:fracking
1002:Petronas
991:(Brazil)
977:(Russia)
875:upstream
741:Petronas
555:, later
514:Gulf Oil
458:maritime
441:and the
418:Big Tech
395:Gulf Oil
385:; such "
226:Marathon
219:Havoline
171:SunPower
149:Z Energy
145:Pennzoil
85:Company
3929:Sinopec
3919:Rosneft
3799:Gazprom
3794:Equinor
3722:Chevron
3369:History
3235:Tracers
3157:Blowout
3046:Exports
3041:Imports
3005:Exports
3000:Imports
2812:Reuters
2326:Gizmodo
2250:Fortune
2199:Fortune
2182:Fortune
1929:Mad Max
1599:Fortune
1404:at Time
1377:1 April
1315:Reuters
1262:Fortune
1241:. BBC.
1227:Reuters
1201:IEA.org
1055:Chevron
974:Gazprom
855:Chevron
819:in 2001
812:in 2000
721:Gazprom
618:embargo
567:Chevron
533:Chevron
518:Chevron
471:History
456:In the
439:Sinopec
431:China's
373:, with
355:Chevron
320:Big Oil
200:Chevron
193:Aral AG
98:Brands
4295:Others
4246:Saipem
4143:TĂĽpraĹź
4133:TNK-BP
4118:Sunoco
4108:Repsol
4068:Lukoil
4011:Others
3982:Gunvor
3616:timing
3550:Russia
3462:Norway
3447:France
3442:Canada
2766:
2745:
2721:
2703:
2646:Forbes
2301:Valero
1997:
1989:
1908:
1815:
1783:
1758:
1648:ft.com
1436:9 July
1427:
1007:, and
984:(Iran)
952:cartel
913:Valero
881:, and
823:Conoco
817:Texaco
780:Unocal
661:cartel
563:Texaco
449:, had
420:, and
399:Texaco
270:Valero
259:Conoco
215:Caltex
211:Texaco
4162:Major
4028:Cepsa
4002:Vitol
3972:Enron
3934:SOCAR
3874:Pemex
3869:PDVSA
3864:Orlen
3829:Lotos
3769:ANCAP
3737:Shell
3694:Major
3452:India
3056:Price
3010:Price
2952:Urals
2947:Tapis
2917:Dubai
2912:Brent
2824:(via
2451:(PDF)
2444:(PDF)
2353:Salon
1995:S2CID
1208:(PDF)
1197:(PDF)
1157:Notes
1043:Shell
995:PDVSA
859:Shell
806:Amoco
733:PDVSA
553:Mobil
524:Shell
363:Shell
189:Amoco
115:Mobil
4256:Snam
4196:CH2M
3949:TPAO
3457:Iraq
3427:OPEC
3422:GECF
2971:Data
2764:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2680:2015
2653:2015
2627:2015
2601:2015
2459:2012
2427:2012
2401:2010
2360:2022
2334:2022
2308:2022
2283:2022
2257:2022
2232:2022
2206:2022
2158:2007
2128:2017
2105:2017
2079:2016
2056:2013
2030:2016
1987:ISSN
1947:2017
1906:ISBN
1880:2017
1867:Time
1848:2013
1813:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1712:2010
1700:Time
1660:2022
1628:2015
1606:2020
1534:..."
1521:2022
1495:2022
1470:2022
1438:2022
1425:ISBN
1392:..."
1379:2016
1353:2011
1327:2011
1297:2023
1270:2022
1061:and
1025:and
970:CNPC
966:OECD
954:and
949:OPEC
943:and
933:and
869:and
825:and
810:ARCO
709:OPEC
579:Iraq
575:Iran
433:two
427:OPEC
409:).
405:and
397:and
369:and
237:ARCO
119:Esso
4191:CGG
4088:OMV
3954:YPF
3727:Eni
2826:CNN
2789:NOW
1979:doi
945:gas
941:oil
885:.
867:Eni
647:),
645:Eni
484:),
482:Eni
367:Eni
286:Eni
263:JET
90:USD
4371::
3717:BP
3359:XT
2820:,
2810:,
2786:,
2670:.
2644:.
2617:.
2591:.
2573:.
2509:.
2351:.
2324:.
2299:.
2274:.
2248:.
2223:.
2197:.
2180:,
2144:.
2096:.
2047:.
2016:.
1993:.
1985:.
1975:30
1973:.
1969:.
1955:^
1933:.
1864:.
1839:.
1827:^
1795:^
1720:^
1698:.
1668:^
1646:.
1597:.
1512:.
1478:^
1461:.
1449:^
1440:.
1409:^
1369:.
1343:.
1313:.
1286:.
1259:.
1229:.
1225:.
1199:.
1065:.
1057:,
1053:,
1049:,
1047:BP
1045:,
1014:.
1000:,
993:,
986:,
979:,
972:,
877:,
865:,
863:BP
861:,
857:,
853:,
731:,
727:,
719:,
614:BP
581:,
577:,
508:BP
437:,
416:,
365:,
361:,
359:BP
357:,
353:,
312:—
296:—
280:—
255:76
178:BP
92:)
2860:e
2853:t
2846:v
2772:.
2751:.
2727:.
2707:.
2682:.
2655:.
2629:.
2603:.
2577:.
2513:.
2461:.
2429:.
2403:.
2377:.
2362:.
2336:.
2310:.
2285:.
2259:.
2234:.
2208:.
2160:.
2130:.
2107:.
2081:.
2058:.
2032:.
2001:.
1981::
1949:.
1927:"
1914:.
1882:.
1850:.
1821:.
1789:.
1764:.
1714:.
1662:.
1630:.
1608:.
1523:.
1497:.
1472:.
1381:.
1355:.
1329:.
1299:.
1272:.
1173:.
801:)
569:)
565:(
559:)
551:(
545:)
535:)
531:(
520:)
516:(
510:)
506:(
71:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_stacked_bar_chart.svg)