Sex offender - Knowledge

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they must confirm their registration status within five business days. Registration data includes the offender's sex, height, weight, date of birth, identifying characteristics (if any), statutes violated, fingerprints and a current photograph. An offender's email addresses, chat room IDs and instant-messaging aliases must be surrendered to authorities. In Colorado, an offender must re-register when moving to a new address, changing their legal name, employment, volunteer activity, identifying information used online or enrollment status at a post-secondary educational institution. A web-based registration list may be found on county websites, which identifies adult convicted sex offenders who are sexually violent predators convicted of felony sexual acts, crimes of violence or failure to register as required. Legally, "any person who is a sexually violent predator and any person who is convicted as an adult...has a duty to register for the remainder of his or her natural life". Exceptions to this include deferred sentencing for the offense or petition of the court for termination of registration.

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relative risk of sexual recidivism compared other offenders. This scale is based on demographic and criminal history data, for example, age at release and number of prior sex offenses. Researchers have shown that the Static-99R is valid across a wide range of individuals (in terms of demographics, such as race/ethnicity). However, the Static-99R has only a modest ability to discriminate correctly between sex offenders and non sex offenders. This means that a randomly selected sex offender would be correctly classified as higher risk than a randomly selected non sex offender with "modest" accuracy. In addition, the Static-99R does not account for every factor that makes a sex offender more likely to reoffend. Despite these shortcomings, the Static-99R is arguably the highest quality tool, in terms of methodological rigor, that is widely available to clinicians to assess sex offender risk of recidivism.

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sitting around in my place and picked up a copy of that day's Buffalo Evening News. It was a picture of Revé, who had just won an art contest. 'Holy Jesus, Mary, and Joseph,' Tom said. 'There is a picture of Revé in the paper, John, and she's 16 years old.' But you know, she had this way about her. She had a certain presence. And after a while I just got over how young she was. She was way more sophisticated than anybody in her high school and she always dated older guys. She had a fake ID. That's how she got into Brunner's. She was bored with high school. She was into art and her horses. And even then, she always seemed very… I don't know, serene. We weren't madly in love with each other. Though we had a good time together, and I relaxed a little after she turned 17."

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contain explicit empirical risk factors, defined in advance, that are combined mechanically using explicitly defined guidelines into a score or risk category, and then linked to a recidivism probability estimate. Structured professional judgement (SPJ) tools are among the least methodologically rigorous risk assessment tools, because these tools specify items to be considered, and ultimately the clinician subjectively integrates the factors to reach assessment conclusions like "low," "moderate," or "high" risk. Furthermore, clinicians may also use unstructured sexual recidivism risk assessments, where they do not use any structured guidelines to aid in their risk assessment.

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a website or other means. In many jurisdictions, registered sex offenders are subject to additional restrictions (including housing). Those on parole (or probation) may be subject to restrictions not applicable to other parolees or probationers. These include restrictions on being in the presence of minors, living in proximity to a school or daycare center, owning toys (or other items of interest to minors), or receiving a mark on their passport that informs authorities of destination countries for international travel. Israel's sex offender registry is accessible only to security officials, rather than to the general public.

506: 781:, sex offenders must avoid such areas as schools, bus stops, gyms, recreation centers, playgrounds, parks, swimming pools, libraries, nursing homes, and places of worship by 500 to 2,500 feet (150 to 760 m). However, residence stipulations vary from state to state. Some states (such as Arkansas, Illinois, Washington and Idaho) do not require sex offenders to move from their residences if a forbidden facility is built or a law is enacted after the offender takes up residency. Many aspects of the laws are criticised by reformists and civil right groups like 689:, observed recidivism rates of sex offenders are underestimated of actual reoffending. This is due to reasons such as the frequency with which sex crimes are not reported to police, the disparity between the number of sex offenses reported and those solved by arrest, and the disproportionate attrition of certain sex offenses and sex offenders within the criminal justice system. For example, Grotpeter and Elliot (2002) found that only 2.5% of sexual assaults and 10% of serious sexual assaults resulted in an arrest. 717:

for homicide were arrested for a new homicide. Sex offenders were about four times more likely than non-sex offenders to be arrested for another sex crime after their discharge from prison (5.3 percent of sex offenders, versus 1.3 percent of non-sex offenders). In 1991, an estimated 24 percent of those serving time for rape and 19 percent of those serving time for sexual assault had been on probation (or parole) at the time of the offense for which they were in state prison.

518: 658:(AWA) proposed to provide funding to each jurisdiction which would agree to incorporate its Act into their law. In the few jurisdictions accepting the agreement, there are Tier I, Tier II, or Tier III sex offenders. Individuals convicted of petty crimes not covered by the AWA are still liable to abide by the previous regulations denoting them as a sex offender (or habitual sex offender, sexual predator, sexually violent sexual predator, or child-victim offender). 44: 721:

prison for molesting a child 13 years old or younger. The median age of victims of those imprisoned for sexual assault was less than 13 years old; the median age of rape victims was about 22 years. Child molesters were, on average, five years older than violent offenders who committed their crimes against adults. Nearly 25 percent of child molesters were age 40 or older, but about 10 percent of inmates with adult victims were in that age group.

777:, in the U.S., is designed to sanction sex offenders and reduce their recidivism rate. The law is enacted and enforced on a state-by-state basis. Most states also restrict where convicted sex offenders can live after their release, prohibiting residency within a designated distance of schools and daycare centers (usually 1,000–2,000 feet (300–610 m)). Guided by the 2007 1140:: An Austrian man who began sexually abusing his daughter Elisabeth in 1977 and kept her imprisoned in his home from 1984 until 2008. He repeatedly sexually abused and raped Elisabeth, resulting in the births of seven children and one miscarriage. One of the children died in infancy, and three were imprisoned along with Elisabeth until 2008. 693:

offenders were arrested within three years for another sex crime. The same study found that during the same 3 years from release, 68 percent of released non-sex offenders were re-arrested for any crime (and 47.8 percent reconvicted), while 43 percent of the released sex offenders were rearrested for any crime (and 24 percent reconvicted).

883:. People convicted of any sex crime are "transformed into a concept of evil, which is then personified as a group of faceless, terrifying, and predatory devils", who are, contrary to scientific evidence, perceived as a constant threat, habitually waiting for an opportunity to attack. Consequently, sex offenders are brought up by media on 581:. What constitutes a sex crime differs by culture and legal jurisdiction. The majority of convicted sex offenders have convictions for crimes of a sexual nature; however, some sex offenders have simply violated a law contained in a sexual category. Some of the serious crimes which result in a mandatory sex-offender classification are 1720: 730:

developmental indicators, and clinical markers that have been shown to be associated with reoffending. However, the quality of the studies that link various factors to sexual recidivism risk vary widely in terms of methodological rigor. For example, some studies link certain factors to sexual recidivism risk through clinical

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is used in some countries and U. S. states to treat male sex offenders. Unlike physical castration, it is reversible by stopping the medication. For male sex offenders with severe or extreme paraphilias, physical castration appears to be effective. It results in a 20-year re-offense rate of less than

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Committing to a residence requires a convicted sex offender to be notified of registration regulations by local law enforcement if convicted after January 1, 2005. The offender must act upon the notification within five business days of receipt. If and when an offender is released from incarceration,

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is a system in place in a number of jurisdictions designed to allow authorities to keep track of the residence and activity of sex offenders (including those released from prison). In some jurisdictions (especially in the United States), information in the registry is made available to the public via

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A 2002 study by the OJP following 9,691 male sex offenders released from prisons in 15 US states in 1994 indicated that within the first 3 years following their release, rearrest and reconviction rates for new sex offenses were 5.3 and 3.5 percent, respectively; that is, about 1 in 19 of released sex

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Of released sex offenders who allegedly committed another sex crime, 40 percent perpetrated the new offense within a year or less from their prison discharge. Within three years of release, 2.5 percent of released rapists were rearrested for another rape, and 1.2 percent of those who had served time

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criticize current sex offender laws as based on media-driven moral panic and "public emotion", rather than a real attempt to protect society. This can motivate legislators to pass knee-jerk laws to address public hysteria, echoing a "populist punitiveness" perspective. Many lawmakers feel that they

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There is no single assessment tool that clinicians must use for assessing sexual recidivism risk, but there are tools that are widely used, such as the Static-99R. The Static-99R is the most popular actuarial scale in the United States. The Static-99R is a 10-item scale for ranking a sex offender’s

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Researchers and practitioners consider some factors as "static", in that they do not change with time, such as number of prior sex offenses, victim gender, and deviant sexual arousal, and some other factors as "dynamic", such as an offender's compliance with supervision and treatment. By examining

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Approximately 4,300 child molesters were released from prisons in 15 U.S. states in 1994. An estimated 3.3 percent of these 4,300 were rearrested for another sex crime against a child within 3 years of release from prison. Among child molesters released from prison in 1994, 60 percent had been in

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I never gave much thought to how old Revé was. She was pretty, and she dressed sharp. And there was also that body. We were starting to kind of hang around together. She took me horseback riding, and we went skiing. She was always into her own thing, and I like that. Then one night Tom Roche was

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the laws have gone through series of amendments, many named after the victim of a highly publicized predatory offense, expanding the scope of the laws to low-level offenders, and treating them the same as predatory offenders, leading to the disproportionate punishment of being placed on a public

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There are at least four classifications of structured sexual recidivism risk assessment tools: empirical actuarial, mechanical, adjusted actuarial, and structured professional judgement. Of these classifications, empirical actuarial tools are the most methodologically rigorous because they

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Various methods can be used to assess individual sex offenders' recidivism risk. Some risk assessment tools consider factors that have been empirically linked by research to sexual recidivism risk. These factors include biological and demographic markers, criminogenic correlates, behavioral and

911:, has admitted having a relationship with a 16-year-old girl while being in his early 20s and aware of age of consent being 17 in New York, meaning that, had he been convicted, John Walsh himself could be required to register as a sex offender. Since passage of the 918:

Critics point out that contrary to media depictions, abductions by predatory offenders are very rare and 93% of child sexual abuse is committed by someone the child knows: a family member, a family friend or someone in a position of authority. According to the

1210:: Former New York Assemblyman and New York Parole Board member, sentenced August 9, 2010, to twelve years and six months in prison plus lifetime supervision and a US$ 50,000 fine, after pleading guilty to a federal felony charge of online enticement of minors. 669:. In the U.S., registry databases are often open to the public. Sexual offenders are sometimes classified by level. The highest-level offenders generally must register for their entire lives; low-level offenders may only need to register for a period of time. 700:

in New York State. Another report from the OJP which studied the recidivism of prisoners released in 1994 in 15 states (accounting for two-thirds of all prisoners released in the United States that year) reached the same conclusion. The recidivism rate for

1162:: British criminal with a long record, including convictions for two rapes, who was convicted of the rape and murder of a female Polish student in 2007. After this conviction, he was found guilty of the murders of two teenage girls who disappeared in 1991. 847:

2.3 percent (versus 80 percent in the untreated control group), according to a large 1963 study involving a total of 1036 sex offenders by the German researcher A. Langelüddeke. This was much lower than otherwise expected, compared with overall

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student kidnapped in 2003 and found dead five months later; a registered sex offender was convicted of her murder. Her disappearance and murder garnered great media coverage throughout the United States and prompted the creation of the

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is often used to describe a sex offender or any of the "tier offenders"; however, only the category just below sexually violent sexual predator is reserved for a severe or repeated sex offender: sexual predator.

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currently serving six consecutive terms of 99 years for his involvement in the Houston Mass Murders, which at the time was characterized as "the deadliest case of serial murders in American history".

3066: 2710: 840:. In 2007, the Texas State Auditor released a report showing that sex offenders who completed the Texas Sex Offender Treatment Program (SOTP) were 61 percent less likely to commit a new crime. 1907: 640:. In the modern world of technology, many jurisdictions are reforming their laws to prevent the over-prosecution of sex offenders and focusing on crimes involving a victim. The term 2518: 1654: 1130:: Convicted in 1996 of first-degree murder with special circumstances (burglary, robbery, kidnapping, and an attempted lewd act upon a child under the age of 14) of 12-year-old 2821: 2664: 1189: 2848: 832:

and/or odor aversion: both are forms of aversion therapy, which have had ethical challenges. Such programs are effective in lowering recidivism by 15–18 percent. The use of

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from his hometown and murdered on October 22, 1989, at the age of 11. His body was discovered in 2016 after suspect Danny Heinrich led police to his burial site.

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in sexual offenders varies by surveys and by the types of sex offense. Some surveys reported it is lower than is commonly believed. However, according to the

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of sex offenders, this panic is being preserved, leading legislators to make registration mandatory for all sex offences, without the possibility of

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home in 1993. Richard Allen Davis, who had a criminal record dating to the late 1960s that included some sex crimes, was convicted of her murder.

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Fox, Kathryn J. (28 February 2012). "Incurable Sex Offenders, Lousy Judges & The Media: Moral Panic Sustenance in the Age of New Media".

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Fox, Kathryn J. (28 February 2012). "Incurable Sex Offenders, Lousy Judges & The Media: Moral Panic Sustenance in the Age of New Media".

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Melton, Gary B.; Petrila, John; Poythress, Norman G.; Slobogin, Christopher; Otto, Randy K.; Mossman, Douglas; Condie, Lois O. (2017-12-04).

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both types of factors, a more complete picture of the offender's risk can emerge, compared with static or dynamic factors used alone.

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Maguire, Mary; Singer, Jennie Kaufman (4 December 2010). "A False Sense of Security: Moral Panic Driven Sex Offender Legislation".

210: 3133: 3008: 1456:, on July 27, 1981. His severed head was found two weeks later in a drainage canal alongside Highway 60/Yeehaw Junction in rural 612:— indefinite continuing incarceration, which is supposed to, but does not always, provide meaningful treatment to the offender. 887:, despite the fact that there has never been a recorded case of abduction or abuse by a registered sex offender on Halloween. 1917: 1080: 1801: 2456: 2430: 2233: 1675: 76: 2333:

Maguth Nezu, C., Fiore, A.A. & Nezu, A.M (2006). Problem Solving Treatment for Intellectually Disabled Sex Offenders.

1845: 3094: 686: 2154: 1754: 1146:: Raped six women as sex slaves and murdered two of them in underground dungeon from 2009 to 2011; was executed in 2014. 2778: 2693: 2484: 2457:"Comments on Proposed Guidelines to Interpret and Implement the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA)" 1519:: Father of Adam Walsh who became an advocate for victims of violent crimes and was the host of the television program 110: 90: 3141: 2799: 2603: 1828: 2922: 2749: 2248: 1403:", which requires law enforcement to compile and make available to the public information on convicted sex offenders. 2583:

Walker, Bela (19 January 2011). "Essay: Deciphering Risk: Sex Offender Statutes and Moral Panic in a Risk Society".

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According to the OJP, the recidivism rate for sex offenders has been shown to be lower than any other crime except

439: 72: 665:, and other countries, a convicted sex offender is often required to register with the respective jurisdiction's 2089:

Phenix, Amy; Fernandez, Yolanda; Harris, Andrew J. R.; Helmus, Maaike; Hanson, R. Karl; Thornton, David (2017).

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Psychological Evaluations for the Courts, Fourth Edition: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Lawyers

1320:: British socialite who trafficked women and underage girls to be sexually abused by Epstein and his associates. 816:

approaches (which use reward and punishment to train new behavior, such as problem-solving) and the second uses

713:. The survey reported 85.0% of the molesters and 64.9% of the voyeurs had a prior conviction for a sex offense. 2488: 1589: 899:

will attract votes by appearing to be "tough on sex offenders". One discrepancy pointed out by critics is that

735: 86: 2380:"An Audit Report on Selected Rehabilitation Programs at the Department of Criminal Justice (Report No. 07-02)" 1772: 939:, with the consequent restrictions on movement, employment, and housing. As a result of this persistent media 1938:"The accuracy of recidivism risk assessments for sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of 118 prediction studies" 1574: 1314:: Financier and serial sexual offender who was accused of sexually abusing numerous women and underage girls. 1006: 709:

is considerably higher than for other sex offenses, according to the Crime White Paper 2015 published by the

541: 289: 206: 1216:: American serial killer who kidnapped, raped, tortured and murdered at least 33 young men and teenage boys. 2982:"Former New York State Parole Board Member and State Assemblyman Sentenced for Online Enticement of Minors" 1516: 1457: 900: 301: 2770:

Tears of rage : from grieving father to crusader for justice: the untold story of the Adam Walsh case

2407:"THE PARAPHILIAS, OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SPECTRUM DISORDER, AND THE TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY DEVIANT BEHAVIORS" 2365:

Marshall, W.L., Jones, R., Ward, T., Johnston, P. & Bambaree, H.E.(1991). Treatment of sex offenders.

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Marshall, W.L., Jones, R., Ward, T., Johnston, P. & Bambaree, H.E.(1991). Treatment of sex offenders.

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programs have been shown to reduce recidivism in sex offenders. Often, such programs use principles of

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Raised on the Registry: The Irreparable Harm of Placing Children on Sex Offender Registries in the US

1617: 1090: 1021: 936: 809: 767: 666: 617: 311: 126: 20: 1304:: Former film producer accused of sexual assault by more than 80 women; the allegations sparked the 915:, Walsh himself has criticized the law, stating "You can't paint sex offenders with a broad brush." 1568: 1521: 534: 358: 343: 1369: 1270:: Former Canadian politician who pleaded guilty to two counts of sexual assault on two young men. 817: 262: 2981: 1276:: Indonesian student who was convicted of 159 sex offences, including 136 rapes of young men in 3195: 2046: 1584: 895: 510: 202: 161: 2406: 1399:

in 1994. The murder attracted national attention and subsequently led to the introduction of "

2683: 2274: 1467: 1406: 1182:: American reality television personality convicted of groping two 12-year-old girls in 2007. 1153: 1131: 1096: 805: 702: 625: 482: 106: 58: 3161:

Internet Safety Technical Task Force Report - Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies

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Some sex offenders are deemed too dangerous to society to be released and are subjected to

306: 226: 24: 3067:"Virginia Giuffre, outspoken survivor of Jeffery Epstein, moves into beachside Perth home" 1719:

Levenson, Jill S.; Brannon, Yolanda N.; Fortney, Timothy; Baker, Juanita (12 April 2007).

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It is argued that in the U.S., sex offenders have been selected as the new realization of

8: 3200: 2222: 2108: 1835:, statistical information from the late 1990s and very early 2000s, retrieved May 4, 2007 1595: 1127: 944: 843: 743: 370: 353: 188: 3155: 3018: 2963: 2730: 2645: 2565: 2225: 2202: 2027: 1825: 1481: 1453: 1392: 1257: 1149: 1054:

Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act

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In looking at various types of offenses, an example of a digital obscenity offense is

2967: 2955: 2918: 2845: 2774: 2734: 2689: 2649: 2569: 2519:"Missouri Sex Offenders: "Women Against Registry" Says Labels Unfairly Destroy Lives" 2229: 2066: 2019: 2011: 1965: 1957: 1937: 1913: 1739: 1477: 1365: 1326:: American pedophile and sex trafficker known for his alleged ties to serial killers 1323: 1317: 1201: 1193: 1143: 1085: 637: 609: 461: 424: 365: 316: 284: 102: 98: 2467: 2031: 2947: 2722: 2637: 2557: 2058: 2001: 1949: 1735: 1534: 1495: 1463: 1424: 1416: 1341: 1301: 1058: 833: 821: 621: 505: 392: 221: 178: 121: 3175: 2862: 1808: 1423:

home in 2005 and murdered by John Couey, a previously convicted sex offender. The

1368:: An Indonesian activist who was proven to be guilty in doing a sexual assault at 3160: 3145: 2768: 1832: 1679: 1503: 1499: 1331: 1311: 1289: 1273: 1247: 1213: 1179: 1026: 1011: 868: 864: 642: 578: 456: 397: 146: 35: 2888: 2311:, Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, Colorado Sex Offender Management Board. 1852: 1480:: 11-year-old girl abducted from a street while walking to a school bus stop in 930:

Critics say that, while originally aimed at the worst offenders, as a result of

2198: 2062: 1400: 1305: 1298:: School teacher who pleaded guilty to sexual assault on a student teenage boy. 1285: 1113: 1063: 774: 662: 655: 586: 582: 429: 419: 375: 279: 116: 3165: 3098: 2951: 2641: 2561: 2105:"2017 Identity Protection, & Security Services - Top Ten Reviews - Page 1" 2006: 1989: 1869: 812:. Two such approaches from this line of research have promise. The first uses 3189: 3013: 2959: 2726: 2070: 2015: 1961: 1358:: Australian pedophile accused of sexual assaults against 75 children in the 1349: 1337: 1223: 1207: 1169: 1121: 1117: 1075: 976: 651: 444: 255: 156: 151: 136: 2915:

How Sex Got Screwed Up: The Ghosts that Haunt Our Sexual Pleasure - Book Two

2492: 3138: 2023: 1969: 1621: 1355: 1295: 1197: 1185: 971: 407: 387: 380: 348: 216: 198: 1721:"Public Perceptions About Sex Offenders and Community Protection Policies" 2711:"Managing risk: From regulation to the reintegration of sexual offenders" 1851:. U.S. Department of Justice - Office of Justice Programs. Archived from 1807:. U.S. Department of Justice - Office of Justice Programs. Archived from 1489: 1488:. Dugard remained missing for over 18 years until 2009, when a convicted 1388: 1359: 1165: 1159: 1137: 981: 931: 860: 825: 321: 166: 141: 94: 82: 3156:

Human Rights Watch Report - No Easy Answers: Sex Offender Laws in the US

3041:"Reynhard Sinaga: 'Evil sexual predator' jailed for life for 136 rapes" 3040: 2249:"The Registration and Community Notification of Adult Sexual Offenders" 1550: 1485: 1471: 1410: 1396: 1327: 1277: 1261: 1227: 1219: 1101: 1001: 996: 986: 924: 876: 678: 590: 522: 434: 68: 1172:

who was convicted of six counts of murder; police attributed the 1981

1953: 1340:: Irish Catholic priest who sexually abused at least 143 children in 1292:. Considered to be the most prolific rapist in British legal history. 1036: 940: 884: 880: 706: 616:

may also classify less serious offenses as sexual offenses requiring

466: 331: 274: 43: 1990:"Sex Offender Risk Assessment: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?" 1242:

a minimum of 28 teenage boys and young men between 1970 and 1973 in

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International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(2),

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Langan, Patrick; Schmitt, Erica; Durose, Matthew (November 2003).

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Langan, Patrick; Schmitt, Erica; Durose, Matthew (November 2003).

2174:"Restricted Group Speaks Up, Saying Sex Crime Measures Go Too Far" 1498:: American-Australian campaigner who offers support to victims of 1378:: Canadian man convicted of sexually assaulting a kidnapped child. 890:

Academics, treatment professionals, and law reform groups such as

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Committee of Legal Services, State of Colorado General Assembly.

1549:. Her advocacy particularly focuses on protecting children from 2130:"What Are Sex Offenders Not Allowed To Do? [Explained]" 1239: 991: 697: 598: 1905: 1288:. Sinaga raped or sexually assaulted at least 206 men, mainly 836:

remains controversial, and is an ethical issue related to the

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Virginia Roberts Giuffre, an outspoken Australian survivor...

1554: 1538: 1251: 1192:; pled guilty to 937 criminal counts of rape, kidnapping and 3151:

Ten Things You Should Know About Sex Offenders and Treatment

2688:(Second ed.). Springer Publishing Company. p. 64. 2354: 2338: 1696:"Sex Offender Management Assessment and Planning Initiative" 19:

This article is about the criminal term. For the novel, see

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Recidivism: How often do Child Molesters go on to Reoffend?

2088: 1770: 1718: 1655:"Court keeps man on sex offender list but says 'troubling'" 1231: 927:

is 5.3%, the lowest for any type of crime except homicide.

782: 602: 3180: 2863:"Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994" 1802:"Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994" 1502:. She is an alleged victim of the sex trafficking ring of 3170: 1427:

passed in many American states were inspired by her case.

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Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994

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CSOM Publications - Myths and Facts About Sex Offenders

2750:"ON POLITICS; Stoking 'Moral Panic' Over Sex Offenders" 1642:

Sex offender ordinance catches family in legal Trouble

1492:, Phillip Garrido, was found to have held her captive. 2047:"What do we know about sex offender risk assessment?" 892:

National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws

2431:"Fear the Bogeyman: Sex Offender Panic on Halloween" 1935: 1618:"Couple found guilty of having sex on Florida beach" 1537:: Mother of Jacob Wetterling who was an advocate of 1032:

United States National Sex Offenders Public Registry

3123: 2886: 2860: 2604:"Nebraska Sex Offender Registry Study Final Report" 614:

Sex offender registration laws in the United States

2851:(reference updated), retrieved September 10, 2015. 2685:Sex offender laws: failed policies, new directions 1936:Hanson, R. Karl; Morton-Bourgon, Kelly E. (2009). 1760:. Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. 1580:National Center for Missing and Exploited Children 1547:National Center for Missing and Exploited Children 1152:: A registered sex offender who lured 7-year-old 3187: 3009:"The Houston Mass Murders: What Really Happened" 1440:Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender Public Registry 1069: 3124:Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers 2464:Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers 2279:Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers 2253:Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers 1190:Michelle Knight, Amanda Berry, and Gina DeJesus 2846:U.S. Department of Justice, "Common Questions" 2199:"No Easy Answers: Sex Offender Laws in the US" 762:Post-incarceration registries and restrictions 2800:"Sex-offender residency laws get second look" 2547: 2404: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1176:to Toole on the basis of recanted statements. 1156:to his house and then raped and murdered her. 542: 2822:"Panic Leads to Bad Policy on Sex Offenders" 2665:"Panic Leads to Bad Policy on Sex Offenders" 2609:. University of Nebraska - Omaha. p. 51 1752: 1017:Sex offender registries in the United States 628:of a minor also constitute sexual offenses. 488:Sex offender registries in the United States 2595: 1728:Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 3087: 2889:"Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994" 2815: 2813: 2766: 1846:"Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994" 1789: 1753:Harris, Andrew J. R; Hanson, Karl (2004). 1690: 1688: 1561: 1452:department store at the Hollywood Mall in 1049:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act 838:professional practice of behavior analysis 800: 779:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act 549: 535: 3095:"Americas Most Wanted – About John Walsh" 2819: 2747: 2741: 2708: 2662: 2656: 2448: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2005: 1826:Criminal Offenders Statistics: Recidivism 1448:: American child who was abducted from a 734:, which are sometimes criticized as less 2275:"Sexual Offender Residence Restrictions" 2243: 2241: 3064: 2912: 2810: 1685: 3188: 3097:. Americas Most Wanted. Archived from 3065:McNeill, Heather (December 15, 2020). 2681: 2585:The University of Baltimore Law Review 2582: 2512: 2510: 2454: 2428: 2417: 2349:Rea, J. (2003). Covert Sensitization. 2171: 2091:Static-99R Coding Rules Revised – 2016 2044: 1987: 1771:Grotpeter, J.K.; Elliot, D.S. (2002). 1391:: Raped and murdered by her neighbor, 1124:seventeen males between 1978 and 1991. 23:. For the Polkadot Cadaver album, see 3006: 2820:Lancaster, Roger (20 February 2013). 2773:. New York: Pocket Books. p. 9. 2663:Lancaster, Roger (20 February 2013). 2601: 2516: 2238: 2155:"Child Abusers Find Refuge in Israel" 2152: 2084: 2082: 2080: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1931: 1929: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1081:Circles of Support and Accountability 848: 2988:. US Federal Bureau of Investigation 2940:American Journal of Criminal Justice 2797: 2709:Mcalinden, Anne-Marie (1 May 2006). 2630:American Journal of Criminal Justice 2477: 2216: 2191: 1615: 16:Person who has committed a sex crime 3058: 2937: 2931: 2627: 2621: 2507: 687:United States Department of Justice 13: 2767:Walsh, John; Walsh, Susan (2008). 2429:Extein, Andrew (25 October 2013). 2351:The Behavior Analyst Today, 4 (2), 2161:– via www.thedailybeast.com. 2077: 2051:Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 1976: 1926: 1886: 724: 577:) is a person who has committed a 14: 3212: 3117: 789:, and treatment professionals as 2798:Koch, Wendy (26 February 2007). 2748:Mansnerus, Laura (29 May 2005). 2715:Criminology and Criminal Justice 2309:Colorado Bureau of Investigation 1740:10.1111/j.1530-2415.2007.00119.x 516: 504: 42: 3166:FBI - Registries for each state 3033: 3000: 2974: 2906: 2880: 2854: 2839: 2791: 2760: 2702: 2675: 2576: 2541: 2517:Levin, Sam (5 September 2013). 2455:Rogers, Laura (July 30, 2007). 2398: 2372: 2359: 2343: 2327: 2314: 2302: 2293: 2267: 2172:Lovett, Ian (October 1, 2013). 2165: 2146: 2122: 2097: 2038: 1862: 1838: 1818: 1661:. 28 March 2015. Archived from 1409:: Kidnapped at age 12 from her 3181:Reform Sex Offender Laws, Inc. 3171:National Sex Offender Registry 2489:Reform Sex Offender Laws, Inc. 2322:Clinical Psychology Review, 11 1875:(in Japanese). 法務省. p. 39 1764: 1746: 1712: 1669: 1647: 1635: 1609: 1590:Reform Sex Offender Laws, Inc. 1419:: Kidnapped at age 9 from her 947:for less dangerous offenders. 854: 1: 3007:Kurth, Austin (August 2011). 2917:. Vernon Press. p. 799. 2153:Rubin, Shira (8 April 2016). 1676:US Office of Justice Programs 1602: 1575:Megan Nicole Kanka Foundation 1070:Monitoring, assessment, other 1007:Prevention Project Dunkelfeld 849:sex offender recidivism rates 738:than other studies have used 672: 3129:Bureau of Justice Statistics 2894:. U.S. Department of Justice 2868:. U.S. Department of Justice 2602:Spohn, Ryan (31 July 2013). 1510: 1458:Indian River County, Florida 1107: 711:Ministry of Justice of Japan 624:, having sex on a beach, or 302:Criminal transmission of HIV 7: 2682:Wright, Richard G. (2014). 2367:Clinical Psychology Review, 1824:U.S. Department of Justice 967:Day care sex abuse hysteria 955: 950: 631: 10: 3217: 2063:10.1037/1076-8971.4.1-2.50 1994:Current Psychiatry Reports 1988:Helmus, L. Maaike (2018). 1773:"Violent Sexual Offending" 1700:Office of Justice Programs 1528:In Pursuit with John Walsh 1435:University of North Dakota 1382: 921:U.S. Department of Justice 683:Office of Justice Programs 661:In the United States, the 511:Human sexuality portal 132:Deviant sexual intercourse 18: 2952:10.1007/s12103-012-9154-6 2642:10.1007/s12103-012-9154-6 2562:10.1007/s10612-010-9127-3 2007:10.1007/s11920-018-0909-8 1912:. Guilford Publications. 1755:"Sex Offender Recidivism" 1616:Irby, Kate (4 May 2015). 1091:Global Positioning System 1022:Sex offender registration 810:applied behavior analysis 736:methodologically rigorous 618:sex offender registration 475:Sex offender registration 312:Female genital mutilation 21:The Sex Offender: A Novel 2727:10.1177/1748895806062981 2045:Hanson, R. Karl (1998). 1942:Psychological Assessment 1778:. University of Colorado 2093:. Public Safety Canada. 1562:Shows and organizations 1370:University of Indonesia 1042: 818:respondent conditioning 801:Therapies and treatment 1585:Polly Klaas Foundation 1200:. He was sentenced to 896:Women Against Registry 742:approaches, including 240:varies by jurisdiction 2913:Knowles, Jon (2019). 1569:America's Most Wanted 1522:America's Most Wanted 1468:St. Joseph, Minnesota 1097:Penile plethysmograph 937:sex offender registry 907:and supporter of the 806:Behavior modification 768:sex offender registry 667:sex offender registry 626:unlawful imprisonment 483:Sex offender registry 3101:on December 16, 2008 3021:on February 14, 2012 2986:FBI Official Website 2550:Critical Criminology 2473:on October 12, 2011. 2411:www.brainphysics.com 1466:: American boy from 1174:murder of Adam Walsh 830:covert sensitization 820:procedures, such as 814:operant conditioning 744:experimental methods 452:UK Section 63 (2008) 307:Cybersex trafficking 25:Sex Offender (album) 2529:on 29 November 2014 2495:on 28 November 2014 2405:J. M. W. Bradford. 2384:Texas State Auditor 2205:. 11 September 2007 1596:To Catch a Predator 1128:Richard Allen Davis 945:judicial discretion 844:Chemical castration 189:Reproductive rights 64:Reproductive rights 3144:2015-04-01 at the 2826:The New York Times 2754:The New York Times 2669:The New York Times 2226:Human Rights Watch 2203:Human Rights Watch 2178:The New York Times 1858:on 11 August 2015. 1831:2008-07-16 at the 1814:on 26 August 2015. 1454:Hollywood, Florida 1393:Jesse Timmendequas 1258:Elmer Wayne Henley 1150:Jesse Timmendequas 962:Child sexual abuse 787:Human Rights Watch 732:anecdotal evidence 595:child sexual abuse 297:Child prostitution 263:Anti-miscegenation 194:Right to sexuality 184:Red-light district 127:Pedophile advocacy 87:Conversion therapy 77:Capital punishment 1919:978-1-4625-3553-8 1478:Jaycee Lee Dugard 1366:Melki Sedek Huang 1324:John David Norman 1318:Ghislaine Maxwell 1202:life imprisonment 1194:aggravated murder 1086:Civil confinement 638:child pornography 620:. In some states 610:civil confinement 559: 558: 425:Sexual harassment 317:Forcible touching 285:Child pornography 235:Specific offences 207:Decriminalization 99:Same-sex marriage 91:Decriminalization 3208: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3052: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3017:. Archived from 3004: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2893: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2867: 2858: 2852: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2817: 2808: 2807: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2608: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2525:. Archived from 2523:Riverfront Times 2514: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2466:. Archived from 2461: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2426: 2415: 2414: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2376: 2370: 2363: 2357: 2347: 2341: 2331: 2325: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2245: 2236: 2234:978-1-62313-0084 2220: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2140: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2116: 2107:. Archived from 2101: 2095: 2094: 2086: 2075: 2074: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2009: 1985: 1974: 1973: 1954:10.1037/a0014421 1933: 1924: 1923: 1903: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1850: 1842: 1836: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1806: 1798: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1768: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1725: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1692: 1683: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1665:on 2 April 2015. 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1613: 1535:Patty Wetterling 1496:Virginia Giuffre 1464:Jacob Wetterling 1417:Jessica Lunsford 1342:Northern Ireland 1302:Harvey Weinstein 1260:: Accomplice of 834:aversion therapy 822:aversion therapy 622:public urination 551: 544: 537: 521: 520: 509: 508: 366:Public indecency 243: 222:Bodily integrity 179:Prostitution law 122:Marriageable age 46: 32: 31: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3186: 3185: 3146:Wayback Machine 3120: 3115: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3075: 3073: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3048: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3005: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2855: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2818: 2811: 2796: 2792: 2781: 2765: 2761: 2746: 2742: 2707: 2703: 2696: 2680: 2676: 2661: 2657: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2581: 2577: 2546: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2515: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2459: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2435:Huffington Post 2427: 2418: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2360: 2348: 2344: 2332: 2328: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2281:. April 5, 2010 2273: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2255:. April 5, 2010 2247: 2246: 2239: 2221: 2217: 2208: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2182: 2180: 2170: 2166: 2159:The Daily Beast 2151: 2147: 2138: 2136: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2114: 2112: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2087: 2078: 2043: 2039: 1986: 1977: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1904: 1887: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1833:Wayback Machine 1823: 1819: 1811: 1804: 1800: 1799: 1790: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1751: 1747: 1723: 1717: 1713: 1704: 1702: 1694: 1693: 1686: 1674: 1670: 1659:Toledo News Now 1653: 1652: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1626: 1624: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1564: 1513: 1504:Jeffrey Epstein 1500:sex trafficking 1385: 1332:John Wayne Gacy 1312:Jeffrey Epstein 1274:Reynhard Sinaga 1268:André Boisclair 1214:John Wayne Gacy 1120:who killed and 1110: 1072: 1045: 1027:Sexual predator 1012:Sex and the law 958: 953: 923:, sex offender 871:, and national 869:stranger danger 857: 803: 764: 727: 725:Risk assessment 675: 643:sexual predator 634: 567:sexual offender 555: 515: 503: 398:Sex trafficking 237: 236: 203:Workers' rights 162:Objectification 147:Public morality 73:Criminalization 36:Sex and the law 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3214: 3204: 3203: 3198: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3118:External links 3116: 3113: 3112: 3086: 3057: 3032: 2999: 2973: 2946:(1): 160–181. 2930: 2923: 2905: 2879: 2853: 2838: 2809: 2790: 2780:978-1439136348 2779: 2759: 2740: 2701: 2695:978-0826196712 2694: 2674: 2655: 2636:(1): 160–181. 2620: 2594: 2575: 2556:(4): 301–312. 2540: 2506: 2491:Archived from 2476: 2447: 2416: 2397: 2371: 2358: 2342: 2326: 2313: 2301: 2292: 2266: 2237: 2215: 2190: 2164: 2145: 2121: 2096: 2076: 2057:(1–2): 50–72. 2037: 1975: 1925: 1918: 1885: 1870:"性犯罪者の実態と再犯防止" 1861: 1837: 1817: 1788: 1763: 1745: 1711: 1684: 1678:Archived from 1668: 1646: 1634: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1541:'s safety and 1532: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1493: 1475: 1461: 1443: 1428: 1425:Jessica's Laws 1414: 1404: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1363: 1353: 1335: 1321: 1315: 1309: 1306:MeToo movement 1299: 1293: 1286:United Kingdom 1271: 1265: 1255: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1183: 1177: 1163: 1157: 1147: 1141: 1135: 1125: 1114:Jeffrey Dahmer 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 957: 954: 952: 949: 913:Adam Walsh Act 909:Adam Walsh Act 856: 853: 824:. Many of the 802: 799: 763: 760: 726: 723: 674: 671: 663:United Kingdom 656:Adam Walsh Act 633: 630: 587:statutory rape 583:sexual assault 557: 556: 554: 553: 546: 539: 531: 528: 527: 526: 525: 523:Law portal 513: 498: 497: 493: 492: 491: 490: 485: 477: 476: 472: 471: 470: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 448: 447: 442: 432: 427: 422: 420:Sexual assault 417: 416: 415: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 384: 383: 378: 368: 363: 362: 361: 356: 346: 341: 340: 339: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 293: 292: 282: 280:Child grooming 277: 272: 271: 270: 260: 259: 258: 245: 244: 232: 231: 230: 229: 224: 219: 214: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 175: 174: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 124: 119: 117:Age of consent 114: 80: 66: 61: 53: 52: 48: 47: 39: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3213: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196:Sex offenders 3194: 3193: 3191: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3083: 3072: 3068: 3061: 3046: 3042: 3036: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3014:Texas Monthly 3010: 3003: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2926: 2924:9781622736928 2920: 2916: 2909: 2890: 2883: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2814: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2697: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2605: 2598: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2511: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2485:"Our History" 2480: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2451: 2436: 2432: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2412: 2408: 2401: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2317: 2310: 2305: 2296: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2254: 2250: 2244: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2219: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2149: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2111:on 2007-10-02 2110: 2106: 2100: 2092: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1930: 1921: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1871: 1865: 1854: 1847: 1841: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1810: 1803: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1774: 1767: 1756: 1749: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1701: 1697: 1691: 1689: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1643: 1638: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1350:United States 1347: 1343: 1339: 1338:Brendan Smyth 1336: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1290:heterosexuals 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1224:serial killer 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208:Chris Ortloff 1206: 1203: 1199: 1196:as part of a 1195: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1171: 1170:serial killer 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1118:serial killer 1115: 1112: 1111: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1076:Ankle monitor 1074: 1073: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1059:Jessica's Law 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 977:Exhibitionism 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 959: 948: 946: 942: 938: 933: 928: 926: 922: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 893: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 852: 850: 845: 841: 839: 835: 831: 828:programs use 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 798: 794: 792: 788: 784: 783:National RSOL 780: 776: 772: 769: 759: 755: 751: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 722: 718: 714: 712: 708: 704: 699: 694: 690: 688: 685:(OJP) of the 684: 680: 677:The level of 670: 668: 664: 659: 657: 653: 652:United States 648: 645: 644: 639: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 575:sexual abuser 572: 568: 564: 552: 547: 545: 540: 538: 533: 532: 530: 529: 524: 519: 514: 512: 507: 502: 501: 500: 499: 495: 494: 489: 486: 484: 481: 480: 479: 478: 474: 473: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 446: 445:Female sodomy 443: 441: 438: 437: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 414: 411: 410: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 367: 364: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 350: 347: 345: 342: 338: 335: 334: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 291: 288: 287: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 269: 266: 265: 264: 261: 257: 254: 253: 252: 249: 248: 247: 246: 241: 234: 233: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 212: 211:World Charter 208: 204: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 173: 170: 169: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 152:Antisexualism 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 137:Miscegenation 135: 133: 130: 128: 125: 123: 120: 118: 115: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 70: 67: 65: 62: 60: 57: 56: 55: 54: 51:Social issues 50: 49: 45: 41: 40: 37: 34: 33: 30: 26: 22: 3105:December 17, 3103:. 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