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2635:(p. 34) The worldliness of these spaces and print areas – rallies against the bombing of Medina at Mochi Bagh, reports from Munich in Lajpat Rai's weekly. The People, speeches on South Africa at the Bradlaugh Hall, books on the Soviet Union smuggled into Lahore by underground booksellers – allows us to approach a problem related to Bhagat Singh's biography: the manner in which the young man negotiated transnational currents so deftly, citing French anarchists in manifestos and regularly alluding to revolutionary Moscow, without ever once leaving India. (p. 151) The second function of the journey metaphor is to posit the eventual arrival at something refined, comprehensive, stable. If Bhagat Singh is separated from a 'terrorist' past above, here he is propelled into the future, beyond the event of death. The nature of his destination varies across the corps: for some it is most certainly Marxist, for others anarchist. <Footnote 128:
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the execution, much less arrange it, but that he did his best to save Singh's life. Gandhi supporters assert that Singh's role in the independence movement was no threat to Gandhi's role as its leader, so he would have no reason to want him dead. Gandhi always maintained that he was a great admirer of Singh's patriotism. He also stated that he was opposed to Singh's execution (and for that matter, capital punishment in general) and proclaimed that he had no power to stop it. Of Singh's execution Gandhi said: "The government certainly had the right to hang these men. However, there are some rights which do credit to those who possess them only if they are enjoyed in name only." Gandhi also once remarked about capital punishment: "I cannot in all conscience agree to anyone being sent to the gallows. God alone can take life, because he alone gives it." Gandhi had managed to have 90,000 political prisoners, who were not members of his
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of human governance had to be done away with. Bhagat Singh questioned the desirability of all forms of state systems, democratic or otherwise: 'They say: "Undermine the whole conception of the State and then only we will have liberty worth having."' In Bhagat's conception, anti-statism (or astatism) was almost indistinguishable from anarchism. The post-revolutionary society was to be one with absolute individual freedom: a society created, maintained and experienced collectively, and where military and bureaucracy were no longer needed. The statement the HSRA revolutionaries made to the
Commissioner of the Special Tribunal, for instance, declared: 'Revolutionaries by virtue of their altruistic principles are lovers of peace – a genuine and permanent peace based on justice and equity, not the illusory peace resulting from cowardice and maintained at the point of bayonets.' Here
2938:, the HSRA carried out several high-profile terror-attacks, including the assassination of J. P.Saunders, the Lahore assistant superintendent of police, whom they wrongly held responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai's death as the result of police brutality during a demonstration.' The HSRA also carried out two bombings: the first, a daring attack on the Legislative Assembly in session at Delhi, in which bombs were thrown from the public gallery but little damage was caused; and a subsequent attempt to blow up the viceroy's train. Bhagat Singh and a co-revolutionary, Sukhdev, were soon arrested and underwent a highly publicized trial before being executed in 1931. Baghwati Charan Vohra, another leading light of the association, died testing a bomb that would have been used to try to liberate Bhagat Singh from the Lahore Central Jail.
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through the gates of the DAV College located opposite the station, their comrade
Chandrashekhar Azad fired at the pursuing officer, Constable Chanan Singh. Both Singh and Saunders died from their wounds. Amid the chaos, there was some room for farce. Saunders was not the primary target; the HSRA's Jaigopal mistook the assistant for his boss, Mr. Scott, the man who had ordered police to charge the Simon Commission protestors two months earlier. Once it was clear this was a subordinate and not Scott, the revolutionaries scrambled to amend posters prepared in advance to announce the act.
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threw his slipper at Gopal when he turned and became a prosecution witness in court. As a result, the magistrate ordered that all the accused should be handcuffed. Singh and others refused to be handcuffed and were subjected to brutal beating. The revolutionaries refused to attend the court and Singh wrote a letter to the magistrate citing various reasons for their refusal. The magistrate ordered the trial to proceed without the accused or members of the HSRA. This was a setback for Singh as he could no longer use the trial as a forum to publicise his views.
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in prosperity and affluence. God, with his whimsical laws and parental generosity was painted with variegated colours of imagination. He was used as a deterrent factor when his fury and his laws were repeatedly propagated so that man might not become a danger to society. He was the cry of the distressed soul for he was believed to stand as father and mother, sister and brother, brother and friend when in time of distress a man was left alone and helpless. He was
Almighty and could do anything. The idea of God is helpful to a man in distress.
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Similar was Bhagat's state. Mahour recounts that he met Bhagat after the
Saunders murder and found him deeply shaken. 'Kitna udvelit tha unka manas. Unke sayant kanth se unka uddveg ubhara pada tha. Baat karte karte ruk jaate the aur der tak chup raha kar phir baat ka sutra pakad kar muskaraane ke prayatn karte aage badte the' (How shaken his mind was. Despite his measured tone his discomposure was visible. He would suddenly stop talking mid-sentence and then stay quiet for a while before making an effort to smile and move forward.)
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was standing guard a few metres away from Bhagat and
Rajguru supervising the operation and, if needed, was supposed to give them cover. Azad called out to Chanan Singh to give up the chase before shooting but Chanan did not heed the warning and kept running. Azad lowered his gun and aimed at his legs and shot a preventive bullet. It got Chanan in the groin and he eventually bled to death. The well-being of Chanan Singh's family kept nagging Azad, who would voice his worries time and again to his associates.
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2857:. Although this terrorism was carried out by small groups and never seriously endangered British rule, its militancy, its increasing frequency from 1930 onwards, and its popularity greatly worried the British Government of India and led to fierce repression. It also made the government much more receptive to the liberal Congress Party that adopted Gandhi's stance of non-violence. As always in liberation struggles, militant 'extremists' encouraged the administration to negotiate with the moderates.
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with other radical writers, especially
Antonio Gramsci'. While Bhagat was believed to be a singular anti-colonial 'author' figure of his jail notebook, the text was actually an assemblage of quotations, fragments and notes. He is also believed to have authored all the HSRA propaganda materials (pamphlets, posters, court statements and essays) that were in fact a product of brainstorming and collective authorial contribution of Shiv Verma, Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Yashpal and others.
846:. Singh was transported to Borstal Jail, Lahore, and the trial began there on 10 July 1929. In addition to charging them with the murder of Saunders, Singh and the 27 other prisoners were charged with plotting a conspiracy to murder Scott, and waging a war against the King. Singh, still on hunger strike, had to be carried to the court handcuffed on a stretcher; he had lost 14 pounds (6.4 kg) from his original weight of 133 pounds (60 kg) since beginning the strike.
1237:. He was concerned that the public misunderstood the concept of anarchism, writing that: "The people are scared of the word anarchism. The word anarchism has been abused so much that even in India revolutionaries have been called anarchist to make them unpopular." He clarified that anarchism refers to the absence of a ruler and abolition of the state, not the absence of order. He went on to say: "I think in India the idea of universal brotherhood, the Sanskrit sentence
760:. He noted that he had received an enhanced diet at Delhi which was not being provided at Mianwali. He led other Indian, self-identified political prisoners he felt were being treated as common criminals in a hunger strike. They demanded equality in food standards, clothing, toiletries, and other hygienic necessities, as well as access to books and a daily newspaper. They argued that they should not be forced to do manual labour or any undignified work in the jail.
716:, while Singh defended himself. Doubts have been raised about the accuracy of testimony offered at the trial. One key discrepancy concerns the automatic pistol that Singh had been carrying when he was arrested. Some witnesses said that he had fired two or three shots while the police sergeant who arrested him testified that the gun was pointed downward when he took it from him and that Singh "was playing with it." According to an article in the
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one of them is faced with a contradiction in making a claim to his legacy. Gandhi-inspired Indian nationalists find Bhagat Singh's resort to violence problematic, the Hindu and Sikh nationalists find his atheism troubling, the parliamentary Left finds his ideas and actions as more close to the perspective of the
Naxalites and the Naxalites find Bhagat Singh's critique of individual terrorism in his later life an uncomfortable historical fact.
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1349:" to address the question of whether his atheism was born out of vanity. In the essay, he defended his own beliefs and said that he used to be a firm believer in the Almighty, but could not bring himself to believe the myths and beliefs that others held close to their hearts. He acknowledged the fact that religion made death easier, but also said that unproven philosophy is a sign of human weakness. In this context, he noted:
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that their triple execution was an act of wanton vengeance and a deliberate flouting of the unanimous demand of the nation for commutation. This
Congress is further of the opinion that the Government lost a golden opportunity for promoting good-will between the two nations, admittedly held to be crucial at this juncture, and for winning over to methods of peace a party which, driven to despair, resorts to political violence.
963:, a defence committee drew up a plan to appeal to the Privy Council. Singh was initially against the appeal but later agreed to it in the hope that the appeal would popularise the HSRA in Britain. The appellants claimed that the ordinance which created the tribunal was invalid while the government countered that the Viceroy was completely empowered to create such a tribunal. The appeal was dismissed by
1345:. According to Bhagat Singh's close associate Shiva Verma, who later compiled and edited his writings, Randhir Singh tried to convince Bhagat Singh of the existence of God, and upon failing berated him: "You are giddy with fame and have developed an ego that is standing like a black curtain between you and God". In response, Bhagat Singh wrote an essay entitled "
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and during their trial in the second Lahore conspiracy case. This case was widely publicized because several of the defendants had been involved either in the assassination of a police official and a head constable or in the bombing of the
Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. Bhagat Singh, the charismatic leader of the group, had participated in both actions.
854:, lodged in the same jail, had deteriorated considerably. The Jail committee recommended his unconditional release, but the government rejected the suggestion and offered to release him on bail. On 13 September 1929, Das died after a 63-day hunger strike. Almost all the nationalist leaders in the country paid tribute to Das' death. Mohammad Alam and
1314:. He did not understand how members of these two groups, initially united in fighting against the British, could be at each other's throats because of their religious differences. At this point, Singh dropped his religious beliefs, since he believed religion hindered the revolutionaries' struggle for independence, and began studying the works of
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short time and spread from one end of the country to the other dispelling the prevailing darkness everywhere". Four years after Singh's hanging, the
Director of the Intelligence Bureau, Sir Horace Williamson, wrote: "His photograph was on sale in every city and township and for a time rivaled in popularity even that of Mr. Gandhi himself".
1163:, he did plead several times for the commutation of the death sentences of Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev, including a personal visit on 19 March 1931. In a letter to the Viceroy on the day of their execution, he pleaded fervently for commutation, not knowing that the letter would arrive too late. Lord Irwin, the Viceroy, later said:
1569:, the Shadman Chowk square in Lahore, where he was hanged, was renamed as Bhagat Singh Chowk. This change was successfully challenged in a Pakistani court. On 6 September 2015, the Bhagat Singh Memorial Foundation filed a petition in the Lahore high court and again demanded the renaming of the Chowk to Bhagat Singh Chowk.
335:. They showered leaflets from the gallery on the legislators below, shouted slogans, and allowed the authorities to arrest them. The arrest, and the resulting publicity, brought to light Singh's complicity in the John Saunders case. Awaiting trial, Singh gained public sympathy after he joined fellow defendant
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the tribunal decided to press charges against only 15 of the 18 accused and allowed their petitions to be taken up for hearing the next day. The trial ended on 30 September 1930. The three accused, whose charges were withdrawn, included Dutt who had already been given a life sentence in the Assembly bomb case.
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1516:. Exhibits include Singh's ashes, the blood-soaked sand, and the blood-stained newspaper in which the ashes were wrapped. A page of the first Lahore Conspiracy Case's judgement in which Kartar Singh Sarabha was sentenced to death and on which Singh put some notes is also displayed, as well as a copy of the
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In 1928 the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA), an out-growth of the older revolutionary tradition of the Punjab, was founded in Lahore. Led by a charismatic 22-year-old student, Bhagat Singh, it departed from its pre-war terrorist lineage by adopting Marxist militant atheism as its ideology.
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and the more enigmatic Chandrashekhar Azad, that evidence of revolutionary energies being chanelled into Congress activity in the aftermath of their deaths becomes elusive. From the perspective of Manmathnath Gupta, after the loss of these two figureheads, the revolutionary movement 'became divorced
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Despite it being a vengeful act, even Rajguru and Bhagat Singh were deeply disturbed and filled with remorse after shooting Saunders. Rajguru opined: "Bhai bada sundar naujawan tha . Uske gharwalon ko kaisa lag raha hoga?' (Brother, he was a very handsome young man. How his family must be feeling?)!
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said that: "Bhagat Singh had become the symbol of the new awakening among the youths." Nehru acknowledged that Bhagat Singh's popularity was leading to a new national awakening, saying: "He was a clean fighter who faced his enemy in the open field ... he was like a spark that became a flame in a
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Let us see how steadfast I am. One of my friends asked me to pray. When informed of my atheism, he said, "When your last days come, you will begin to believe." I said, "No, dear sir, Never shall it happen. I consider it to be an act of degradation and demoralisation. For such petty selfish motives, I
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As regard the origin of God, my thought is that man created God in his imagination when he realised his weaknesses, limitations and shortcomings. In this way he got the courage to face all the trying circumstances and to meet all dangers that might occur in his life and also to restrain his outbursts
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On 21 January 1930, during the trial of the Lahore Conspiracy Case, Bhagat Singh and his HSRA comrades, appeared in the court wearing red scarves. When the magistrate took his chair, they raised slogans "Long Live Socialist Revolution", "Long Live Communist International", "Long Live People" "Lenin's
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But we should not imitate their act. In our land of millions of destitute and crippled people, if we take to the practice of seeking justice through murder, there will be a terrifying situation. Our poor people will become victims of our atrocities. By making a dharma of violence, we shall be reaping
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While dissociating itself from and disapproving of political violence in any shape or form, this Congress places on record its admiration of the bravery and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Raj Guru and mourns with their bereaved families the loss of these lives. The Congress is of the opinion
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The government was beginning to make concessions but refused to move on the core issue of recognising the classification of "political prisoner". In the eyes of officials, if someone broke the law then that was a personal act, not a political one, and they were common criminals. By now, the condition
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wrote about him: "Bhagat Singh did not become popular because of his act of terrorism but because he seemed to vindicate, for the moment, the honour of Lala Lajpat Rai, and through him of the nation. He became a symbol; the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and
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The man who epitomizes this transition is Bhagat Singh. His Janus-like appearance reflected his two sources of inspiration (Bolshevism and Anarchism), the Marxist one becoming dominant by the late 1920s. But his evolution has been followed by others, including Shiv Verma, one of the founders of the
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After 1929 the British regime became increasingly concerned that the hunger strike might break down discipline across the prison system and demoralize the police and army. In this year the power of the hunger strike was demonstrated by members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association before
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As Bhagat wrote in one his essays: 'All forms of government rest on violence.' The state, in the Marxist–anarchist conception, was the focal point of violence. "at is, the state created and perpetuated conditions of violence. If elimination of structural violence was the aim then the state as a form
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After 1929 the British regime became increasingly concerned that the hunger strike might break down discipline across the prison system and demoralize the police and army. In this year the power of the hunger strike was demonstrated by members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association before
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Several HSRA members, including Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev, had dabbled in journalism and enjoyed friendships with journalists and editors in nationalist newspapers in Punjab, UP and Delhi, with the result that much of the coverage in Indian-owned newspapers was sympathetic to the revolutionary cause.
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Bhagat Singh represents a challenge to almost every tendency in Indian politics. Gandhi-inspired Indian nationalists, Hindu nationalists, Sikh nationalists, the parliamentary Left and the pro-armed struggle Naxalite Left compete with each other to appropriate the legacy of Bhagat Singh, and yet each
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The ultimate goal of Anarchism is complete independence, according to which no one will be obsessed with God or religion, nor will anybody be crazy for money or other worldly desires. There will be no chains on the body or control by the state. This means that they want to eliminate: the Church, God
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against the accused under specific orders from the chief secretary to the governor of Punjab and that he was unaware of the details of the case. The prosecution depended mainly on the evidence of P. N. Ghosh, Hans Raj Vohra, and Jai Gopal who had been Singh's associates in the HSRA. On 10 July 1930,
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The HSRA leadership was initially opposed to Bhagat's participation in the bombing because they were certain that his prior involvement in the Saunders shooting meant that his arrest would ultimately result in his execution. However, they eventually decided that he was their most suitable candidate.
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to report on the political situation in India. Some Indian political parties boycotted the Commission because there were no Indians in its membership, and there were protests across the country. When the Commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai led a march in protest against it.
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and thirteen other prisoners could unite the entire spectrum of political opinion in the Punjab and beyond, a significant achievement for a particularly fractured Congress, but for reasons never clear, the non-violent hunger strikers failed to move Gandhi very much. At any rate, the “Punjab wrongs”
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Bhagat Singh (1907–34), often referred to as "Shaheed (martyr) Bhagat Singh" was a freedom fighter influenced by communism and anarchism who became involved as a teenager in a number of revolutionary anti-British organizations. He was hanged for shooting a police officer in response to the killing
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In his own account of the meeting though, Randhir Singh says that Bhagat Singh repented for giving up his religion and said that he did so only under the influence of irreligious people and in search of personal glory. Certain Sikh groups periodically attempt to reclaim Bhagat Singh as a Sikh based
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in 2008, ahead of Bose and Gandhi. During the centenary of his birth, a group of intellectuals set up an institution named Bhagat Singh Sansthan to commemorate him and his ideals. The Parliament of India paid tributes and observed silence as a mark of respect in memory of Singh on 23 March 2001 and
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In the leaflet he threw in the Central Assembly on 8 April 1929, he stated: "It is easy to kill individuals but you cannot kill the ideas. Great empires crumbled, while the ideas survived." While in prison, Singh and two others had written a letter to Lord Irwin, wherein they asked to be treated as
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had written a letter to viceroy appealing for commutation for the death sentences against Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru. While there have been unfounded claims that Gandhi had an opportunity to stop Singh's execution, it is held that Gandhi did not have enough influence with the British to stop
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While returning Gandhiji asked me if he could talk about the case of Bhagat Singh because newspapers had come out with the news of his slated hanging on March 24th. It would be a very unfortunate day because on that day the new president of the Congress had to reach Karachi and there would be a lot
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in the Central Assembly as a censure against the "inhumane treatment" of the Lahore prisoners. Singh finally heeded a resolution of the Congress party, and a request by his father, ending his hunger strike on 5 October 1929 after 116 days. During this period, Singh's popularity among common Indians
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in which Rai was injured and two weeks thereafter died of a heart attack. As Saunders exited a police station on a motorcycle, he was felled by a single bullet fired from across the street by Rajguru, a marksman. As he lay injured, he was shot at close range several times by Singh, the postmortem
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Bhagat's use of the 'socialist' language in his later writings has created the assumption of him being a theoretically sophisticated author. Daniel Elam in his analysis of Bhagat's jail notebook, however, observes that there has been 'a politically sympathetic attempt to place Bhagat Singh in line
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The memoirs poignantly recount how they would be filled with agony and remorse after the assassinations and the deaths of the innocent. For instance, Azad shot the Indian constable Chanan Singh, who had chased Bhagat and Rajguru as they escaped through the DAV College after shooting Saunders. Azad
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Singh's trial has been described by the Supreme Court as "contrary to the fundamental doctrine of criminal jurisprudence" because there was no opportunity for the accused to defend themselves. The Special Tribunal was a departure from the normal procedure adopted for a trial and its decision could
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To speed up the slow trial, the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, declared an emergency on 1 May 1930 and introduced an ordinance to set up a special tribunal composed of three high court judges for the case. This decision cut short the normal process of justice as the only appeal after the tribunal was to the
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Singh's attention now turned to his trial, where he was to face a Crown prosecution team comprising C. H. Carden-Noad, Kalandar Ali Khan, Jai Gopal Lal, and the prosecuting inspector, Bakshi Dina Nath. The defence was composed of eight lawyers. Prem Dutt Verma, the youngest amongst the 27 accused,
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Bhagat Singh did not become popular because of his act of terrorism but because he seemed to vindicate, for the moment, the honour of Lala Lajpat Rai, and through him of the nation. He became a symbol, the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and village of the
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His trial became the stuff of popular legend, as did his hanging — and those of his comrades Raj Guru and Sukhdev – in Lahore in March 1931. Bhagat Singh's death earned him the title of Shaheed-e-Azam (Great Martyr). He was not the only Shaheed who went to the gallows for his or her revolutionary
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To capture better the political value of the manifestation of the contrary tendencies of monoglossia and heteroglossia in Joyce and Sorel, we might employ a term used to define the identity of the Indian anarchist Bhagat Singh: 'mystical atheism'. Singh developed his own brand of anarchism in the
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Though numerous illegalist anarchists are (in)famous due to their linkages to specific acts of political violence, the tradition includes many lesser known individuals. These include French illegalists Clément Duval, Francois Claudius Koenigstein (aka Ravachol), ..; and Indian socialist-anarchist
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His trial became the stuff of popular legend, as did his hanging — and those of his comrades Raj Guru and Sukhdev – in Lahore in March 1931. Bhagat Singh's death earned him the title of Shaheed-e-Azam (Great Martyr). He was not the only Shaheed who went to the gallows for his or her revolutionary
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Congress was often split on the question of the extent to which all protests should be non-violent. Gandhi, though highly influential, had opponents. It is particularly important to recognize the existence of a socialist, radical wing within the nationalist movement. Historians often discuss this
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Bhagat Singh did not wish to live. He refused to apologise, or even file an appeal. Bhagat Singh was not a devotee of non-violence, but he did not subscribe to the religion of violence. He took to violence due to helplessness and to defend his homeland. In his last letter, Bhagat Singh wrote, " I
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Bhagat Singh and Rajguru, both carrying loaded revolvers, left the house early the next day. Dressed in Western attire (Bhagat Singh cut his hair, shaved his beard and wore a hat over cropped hair), and carrying Devi's sleeping child, Singh and Devi passed as a young couple, while Rajguru carried
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After having escaped, Bhagat Singh and his associates used pseudonyms to publicly announce avenging Lajpat Rai's death, putting up prepared posters that they had altered to show John Saunders as their intended target instead of James Scott. Singh was thereafter on the run for many months, and no
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Indian communists, who became active in the early 1920s and called for independence from Great Britain in 1925, became a significant force in the 1930s and 1940s and influenced several other progressive movements inspired by the Russian Revolution. Most popular and well known among them were the
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One month after Lajpat Rai's death, at 4:30 pm on 17 December 1928, members of the HSRA ambushed Assistant Superintendent of Police J. P. Saunders as he was leaving the police station on Lahore's College Road. He was shot once by Shivaram Rajguru, and then again by Bhagat Singh." As the two fled
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The trial of Bhagat Singh and a number of his associates from the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association for the killing of Saunders and Channan Singh followed. On 7 October 1929 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev Thapar were sentenced to death.Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shiv Ram Hari
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As I listened to Mr. Gandhi putting the case for commutation before me, I reflected first on what significance it surely was that the apostle of non-violence should so earnestly be pleading the cause of the devotees of a creed so fundamentally opposed to his own, but I should regard it as wholly
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Even within Gandhi's own closest political entourage his prohibitions against violence were interpreted with some liberality, the understanding being that violence against people was unacceptable, but violence against property was permissible. In political terms Gandhi's position also served to
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Chapter 8, Controlling Political Violence, Prisoner as Pedagogy: The bulk of the memoirs, oral histories and visual artefacts that I have drawn on to demonstrate the intersection between revolutionary and Congress activity in 1929–1930 are so heavily focused on the lives and adventures of
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In this year (1929) the power of the hunger strike was demonstrated by members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association before and during their trial in the second Lahore conspiracy case. This case was widely publicized because several of the defendants had been involved either in the
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in India. The political theorist Jason Adams notes that he was more enamoured with Lenin than with Marx. From 1926 onward, he studied the history of the revolutionary movements in India and abroad. In his prison notebooks, he quoted Lenin in reference to imperialism and capitalism and also the
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The history of this case, of which we do not come across any example in relation to the political cases, reflects the symptoms of callousness and cruelty which is the outcome of bloated desire of the imperialist government of Britain so that fear can be instilled in the hearts of the repressed
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The government tried to break the strike by placing different food items in the prison cells to test the prisoners' resolve. Water pitchers were filled with milk so that either the prisoners remained thirsty or broke their strike; nobody faltered and the impasse continued. The authorities then
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and during their trial in the second Lahore conspiracy case." This case was widely publicized because several of the defendants had been involved either in the assassination of a police official and a head constable or in the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. Bhagat Singh,
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Regarding the move from 'libertarian socialism' to 'decentralized collectives', the American historian and anarchist activist Maia Ramnath writes on Bhagat Singh that 'one revolutionary who might have been capable of persuasively elaborating such a synthesis died too soon to do so.' Ramnath,
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Contemporary reaction to the killing differs substantially from the adulation that later surfaced. The Naujawan Bharat Sabha, which had organised the Lahore protest march along with the HSRA, found that attendance at its subsequent public meetings dropped sharply. Politicians, activists, and
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Bhagat Singh remains a significant figure in Indian iconography to the present day. His memory, however, defies categorisation and presents problems for various groups that might try to appropriate it. Pritam Singh, a professor who has specialised in the study of federalism, nationalism and
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According to Neeti Nair, "public criticism of this terrorist action was unequivocal." Gandhi, once again, issued strong words of disapproval of their deed. Nonetheless, the jailed Bhagat was reported to be elated, and referred to the subsequent legal proceedings as a "drama". Singh and Dutt
2595:(1924) under the name of Balwant Singh (Dublin, 1982, p. 54). In his 'Why I am an Atheist's, written in jail awaiting execution, Singh reflected on the role of religious belief in producing the romantic conviction required of the revolutionaries, but reasserted his faith in reason.
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The man who goes on hunger strike has a soul. He is moved by that soul, and he believes in the justice of his cause ... however much you deplore them and, however, much you say they are misguided, it is the system, this damnable system of governance, which is resented by the
367:. Although many of Singh's associates, as well as many Indian anti-colonial revolutionaries, were also involved in daring acts and were either executed or died violent deaths, few came to be lionised in popular art and literature as did Singh, who is sometimes referred to as the
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The ordinance (and the tribunal) would lapse on 31 October 1930 as it had not been passed by the Central Assembly or the British Parliament. On 7 October 1930, the tribunal delivered its 300-page judgement based on all the evidence and concluded that the participation of Singh,
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established a museum to display landmarks in the history of India's judicial system, displaying records of some historic trials. The first exhibition that was organised was the Trial of Bhagat Singh, which opened on 28 September 2007, on the centenary celebrations of Singh's
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distinguish him clearly from the violence of the Bengali Hindu, Maharashtran chitpavan Brahmin, and communist terrorists, such as the celebrated group under Surjya Sen that carried out the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930, the followers of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, or the
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The slavishly pro-Moscow communists left room for another form of Marxism, more fully blended with nationalism. In 1928 the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA), an out-growth of the older revolutionary tradition of the Punjab, was founded in Lahore. Led by a
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Carden-Noad presented the government's charges of conducting robberies, and the illegal acquisition of arms and ammunition among others. The evidence of G. T. H. Hamilton Harding, the Lahore superintendent of police, shocked the court. He stated that he had filed the
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On Lenin day we send harty greetings to all who are doing something for carrying forward the ideas of the great Lenin. We wish success to the great experiment Russia is carrying out. We join our voice to that of the international working class movement. The
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1494:. Batukeshwar Dutt was cremated there on 19 July 1965 in accordance with his last wishes, as was Singh's mother, Vidyawati. The National Martyrs Memorial was built on the cremation spot in 1968 and has memorials of Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev. During the
515:(use batons against) the protesters and personally assaulted Rai, who was injured. Rai died of a heart attack on 17 November 1928. Doctors thought that his death might have been hastened by the injuries he had received. When the matter was raised in the
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prisoners of war and consequently to be executed by firing squad and not by hanging. Prannath Mehta, Singh's friend, visited him in the jail on 20 March, three days before his execution, with a draft letter for clemency, but he declined to sign it.
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and is today Pakistan; he was the second of seven children—four sons, and three daughters—born to Vidyavati and her husband Kishan Singh Sandhu. Bhagat Singh's father and his uncle Ajit Singh were active in progressive politics, taking part in the
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to discuss the situation with jail authorities. Since the activities of the hunger strikers had gained popularity and attention nationwide, the government decided to advance the start of the Saunders murder trial, which was henceforth called the
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I was very much pained to see the distress of the heroes. They have staked their lives in this struggle. They want that political prisoners should be treated as political prisoners. I am quite hopeful that their sacrifice would be crowned with
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allowed the Viceroy to introduce an ordinance, and set up such a tribunal, only under conditions of a breakdown of law-and-order, which, it was claimed in this case, had not occurred. However, the petition was dismissed as being premature.
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who was chasing them, was shot dead by Chandrashekhar Azad. They then fled on bicycles to pre-arranged safe houses. The police launched a massive search operation to catch them, blocking all entrances and exits to and from the city; the
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HSRA. Verma, however, admitted in a 1986 article, that if in 1928 the firm resolution to turn away from 'anarchism and to make socialism an act of faith' had been taken, 'in practice, we held on to our old style of individual actions'
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Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death in the Lahore conspiracy case and ordered to be hanged on 24 March 1931. The schedule was moved forward by 11 hours and the three were hanged on 23 March 1931 at 7:30 pm in the
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of Lahore and some others would have it believed ... Force when aggressively applied is 'violence' and is, therefore, morally unjustifiable, but when it is used in the furtherance of a legitimate cause, it has its moral
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have been arrested while waging a war. For me there can be no gallows. Put me into the mouth of a cannon and blow me off." These heroes had conquered the fear of death. Let us bow to them a thousand times for their heroism.
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A reign of terror in the city of Cawnpore in the United Provinces and an attack on Mahatma Gandhi by a youth outside Karachi were among the answers of the Indian extremists today to the hanging of Bhagat Singh and two
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On 8 April 1929, Singh, accompanied by Batukeshwar Dutt, threw two bombs into the Assembly chamber from its public gallery while it was in session. The bombs had been designed not to kill, but some members, including
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A plan to rescue Singh and fellow HSRA inmates from the jail failed. HSRA member Durga Devi's husband, Bhagwati Charan Vohra, attempted to manufacture bombs for the purpose, but died when they exploded accidentally.
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to kill Scott. However, in a case of mistaken identity, the plotters shot John P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, as he was leaving the District Police Headquarters in Lahore on 17 December 1928.
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Bhagat Singh's hanging further galvanized a radical and militantly nationalistic politics that was in a state of ferment from the mid-1920s onwards.<Footnote 22: A point made, among others, by Kama Maclean in
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Police became concerned with Singh's influence on youths and arrested him in May 1927 on the pretext that he had been involved in a bombing that had taken place in Lahore in October 1926. He was released on a
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Bhagat Singh's life epitomized the political journeys of many disaffected youths who took to revolutionary and militant activism. Involved in a (mistaken) high-profile assassination of John Saunders, ...
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Hence, though we praise the courage of these brave men, we should never countenance their activities. Our dharma is to swallow our anger, abide by the discipline of non-violence and carry out our duty.
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of hot discussion. I explained to him that I had given a very careful thought to it but I did not find any basis to convince myself to commute the sentence. It appeared he found my reasoning weighty.
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brought Indians from the rest of India into the politics of the province, courting arrest, writing in the press, and returning their medals of honour in protest against British imperialism."
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transformed into an 'astatist' and 'aviolent' utopia for absolute political and human freedom even if the means of achieving this goal were violent or involved staging an armed revolution.
682:, were injured. The smoke from the bombs filled the Assembly so that Singh and Dutt could probably have escaped in the confusion had they wished. Instead, they stayed shouting the slogan "
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using his special powers; the actual intention was for the perpetrators to allow themselves to be arrested so that they could use court appearances as a stage to publicise their cause.
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Punjab, and to a lesser extent in the rest of northern India, resounded with his name. Innumerable songs grew about him and the popularity that the man achieved was something amazing.
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context of anti-colonial movements in India led by Gandhi and partly in relation to Irish anti-imperialism. Singh read anarchist philosophy extensively and translated Daniel Breen's
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Bhagat Singh and his two associates have been hanged. The Congress made many attempts to save their lives and the Government entertained many hopes of it, but all has been in a vain.
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jail. It is reported that no magistrate at the time was willing to supervise Singh's hanging as was required by law. The execution was supervised instead by an honorary judge named
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2794:, Bhagat Singh, it departed from its pre-war terrorist lineage by adopting Marxist militant atheism as its ideology. The HSRA favoured acts of 'exemplary' revolutionary violence.
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wing with reference to Bhagat Singh, a charismatic Indian revolutionary executed by the British with two other revolutionaries in 1931 for murdering a British police officer.
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wrong to allow my judgement to be influenced by purely political considerations. I could not imagine a case in which under the law, penalty had been more directly deserved.
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filed a mercy appeal before Irwin on 14 February 1931. Some prisoners sent Mahatma Gandhi an appeal to intervene. In his notes dated 19 March 1931, the Viceroy recorded:
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666:. The nominal intention was to protest against the Public Safety Bill, and the Trade Dispute Act, which had been rejected by the Assembly but were being enacted by the
1222:. In his last testament, "To Young Political Workers", he declares his ideal as the "Social reconstruction on new, i.e., Marxist, basis". Singh did not believe in the
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Autobiography of Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh: freedom fighter, reformer, theologian, saint and hero of Lahore conspiracy case, first prisoner of Gurdwara reform movement
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their luggage as their servant. At the station, Singh managed to conceal his identity while buying tickets, and the three boarded the train heading to Cawnpore (now
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In 1968, a postage stamp was issued in India commemorating the 61st birth anniversary of Singh. A ₹5 coin commemorating him was released for circulation in 2012.
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Bhagat Singh was convicted of the murder of John Saunders and Channan Singh, and hanged in March 1931, aged 23. He became a popular folk hero after his death.
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ideology – which advocated Satyagraha and other forms of non-violent resistance, and felt that such politics would replace one set of exploiters with another.
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revolutionary, who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in December 1928 in what was to be retaliation for the death of an
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The Complete Writings of Bhagat Singh : Why I am an Atheist, The Red Pamphlet, Introduction to Dreamland, Letter to Jaidev Gupta ... and other works
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After killing Saunders, the group escaped through the D.A.V. College entrance, across the road from the District Police Headquarters. Chanan Singh, a
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He was secretary of the Kirti Kisan Party when it organised an all-India meeting of revolutionaries in September 1928 and he later became its leader.
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An example of the methods adopted to counterattack attempts at force-feeding is the swallowing of red pepper and boiling water by a prisoner called
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Singh was a prominent member of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and was probably responsible, in large part, for its change of name to
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Singh was re-arrested for murdering Saunders and Chanan Singh based on substantial evidence against him, including statements by his associates,
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from the Delhi jail. There he witnessed discrimination between European and Indian prisoners. He considered himself, along with others, to be a
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since the CID at Howrah railway station usually scrutinised passengers on the direct train from Lahore. At Lucknow, Rajguru left separately for
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The youth of India still draw tremendous amount of inspiration from Singh. He was voted the "Greatest Indian" in a poll by the Indian magazine
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558:, which Rai had founded in 1925, stressed that non-cooperation was preferable to violence. The murder was condemned as a retrograde action by
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732:. On 15 April 1929, the Lahore bomb factory was discovered by the police, leading to the arrest of other members of HSRA, including Sukhdev,
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from its moorings and was more artificial and people came into it because of romantic glamour attached to it, not out of any deep idealism.'
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and, therefore, illegal; the Viceroy had no powers to shorten the customary process of determining justice. The petition argued that the
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village of the Punjab, and to a lesser extent in the rest of northern India, resounded with his name." In still later years, Singh, an
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assassination of a police official and a head constable or in the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. Bhagat Singh,
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For some time, Bhagat Singh had been exploiting the power of drama as a means to inspire the revolt against the British, purchasing a
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Police attempts to disperse the large crowd resulted in violence. The superintendent of police, James A. Scott, ordered the police to
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4525:. Research, Reference and Training Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, New Delhi. Archived from
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589:(CID) kept a watch on all young men leaving Lahore. The fugitives hid for the next two days. On 19 December 1928, Sukhdev called on
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and also contributed to low-priced pamphlets published by the Naujawan Bharat Sabha that excoriated the British. He also wrote for
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Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru have been the inspiration for a number of plays in India and Pakistan, that continue to attract crowds.
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We hold human life sacred beyond words. We are neither perpetrators of dastardly outrages ... nor are we 'lunatics' as the
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Singh began to question religious ideologies after witnessing the Hindu–Muslim riots that broke out after Gandhi disbanded the
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only be appealed to the Privy Council located in Britain. The accused were absent from the court and the judgement was passed
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who prepared the statue of Bhagat Singh, which is unveiled at the Parliament House of India, in New Delhi on 15 August 2008.
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and Jai Gopal. His life sentence in the Assembly Bomb case was deferred until the Saunders case was decided. He was sent to
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The executions were reported widely by the press, especially as they took place on the eve of the annual convention of the
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The trial began in the first week of June, following a preliminary hearing in May. On 12 June, both men were sentenced to
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2197:, Textbooks from India, vol. 18, New Delhi: National Council for Educational Research and Training, p. 219,
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in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the
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in Saunder's murder was proven. They were sentenced to death by hanging. Of the other accused, three were acquitted (
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for: "causing explosions of a nature likely to endanger life, unlawfully and maliciously." Dutt had been defended by
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The Shaheed-e-Azam Sardar Bhagat Singh Museum opened on the 50th anniversary of his death at his ancestral village,
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654:. In 1929, he proposed a dramatic act to the HSRA intended to gain massive publicity for their aims. Influenced by
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newspaper was particularly prominent in this movement and reported on mass meetings in places such as Lahore and
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Sawhney, Simona (2012), "Bhagat Singh: A Politics of Death and Hope", in Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (eds.),
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This article is about the Indian socialist revolutionary. For the Indian-American civil rights activist, see
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Gupta, Amit Kumar (September–October 1997), "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897–1938",
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Nair, Neeti (May 2009), "Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India",
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5309:. Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab. 1983. Archived from
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Several films have been made portraying the life and times of Singh. The first film based on his life was
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Singh electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s, and prompted urgent introspection within the
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Research Reference and Training Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India
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1719:(2022) are films about Azad which include portrayals of Singh, where he is portrayed by Rishabh Raj and
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with Bhagat Singh's signature, which was given to him in the Lahore Jail, and other personal belongings.
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The hunger strike inspired a rise in public support for Singh and his colleagues from around June 1929.
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Violence, Narrative and Myth in Joyce and Yeats: Subjective Identity and Anarcho-Syndicalist Traditions
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By the end of 1929, Bhagat Singh was a household name, his distinctive portrait widely disseminated ...
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The indomitable courage and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh and his comrades will continue to inspire people
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5434:. Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab. Archived from
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597:, for help, which she agreed to provide. They decided to catch the train departing from Lahore to
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After being sent to the village school in Banga for a few years, Bhagat Singh was enrolled in the
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Bhagat Singh : ideas on freedom, liberty and revolution : Jail notes of a revolutionary
1734:(ANHAD), a non-profit organisation, co-produced a 40-minute documentary on Bhagat Singh entitled
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2878:. Berkeley series in British studies. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. p. 143.
526:(HSRA) in 1928. The HSRA vowed to avenge Rai's death. Singh conspired with revolutionaries like
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Mittal, Satish Chandra; National Council for Educational Research and Training(India) (2004),
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and his comrades were all executed and buried in unmarked graves by the British colonialists.
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4363:"Supreme Court of India – Photographs of the exhibition on the "Trial of Bhagat Singh""
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in Lahore. In 1923, he joined the National College in Lahore, founded two years earlier by
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5036:"Remembering Bhagat Singh: 14 facts on the revolutionary who ascended the gallows laughing"
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Anxieties, Fear and Panic in Colonial Settings: Empires on the verge of a Nervous Breakdown
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convictions resulted at the time. Surfacing again in April 1929, he and another associate,
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petition was filed in the High Court challenging the ordinance on the grounds that it was
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2915:. Routledge Research in Postcolonial Literatures series. London and New York: Routledge.
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1083:. Gandhi faced black flag demonstrations by angry youths who shouted "Down with Gandhi".
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290:(also Army, or HSRA), shot dead a 21-year-old British police officer, John Saunders, in
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Revolutionary Lives in South Asia: Acts and Afterlives of Anticolonial Political Action
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Revolutionary Lives in South Asia: Acts and Afterlives of Anticolonial Political Action
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1607:(1974) in which Som Dutt portrays Singh. Three films about Singh were released in 2002
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in adulthood, won admirers in India from among a political spectrum that included both
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resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest, and Nehru moved a successful
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6251:"Issue of coins to commemorate the occasion of "Shahid Bhagat Singh Birth Centenary""
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1769:
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948:
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pamphlet after Saunders' murder, signed by Balraj, a pseudonym of Chandrashekhar Azad
364:
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3425:
2181:
1957:. Naī Dillī: Prakāśana Vibhāga, Sūcanā aura Prasāraṇa Mantrālaya, Bhārata Sarakāra.
429:
Photo of Singh (back row, fourth from right) in the Lahore College Drama Club (1924)
9035:
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8979:
8924:
8879:
8849:
8839:
8799:
8714:
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8439:
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8145:
8022:
7992:
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7539:
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7173:
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6373:
3726:
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2606:
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1772:, are largely associated with him and have been used in a number of related films.
1765:
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563:
527:
507:
470:
376:
347:
324:
283:
86:
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3962:
3241:
3054:...> It also lent an added urgency to the ongoing civil disobedient movement.
2276:
2173:
493:. He often used pseudonyms, including names such as Balwant, Ranjit and Vidhrohi.
9004:
8899:
8814:
8734:
8694:
8399:
8180:
8170:
8072:
7977:
7922:
7837:
7817:
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7607:
7602:
7559:
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7514:
7509:
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7163:
6886:
6707:
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6481:
6439:
6399:
6345:
6325:
6286:
5099:
4548:
4495:
4337:
2530:
The politics of attack: Communiques and insurrectionary violence, Digital Edition
2449:, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 154,
2324:
2113:
2013:
1992:
1981:
1885:
1864:
1843:
1657:
1386:
1315:
1207:
975:
After the rejection of the appeal to the Privy Council, Congress party president
438:
419:
398:
307:
74:
8242:
6421:
A revolutionary history of interwar India : violence, image, voice and text
2103:. This combination made his throat too sore to permit entry of the feeding tube.
2082:
Opposition in India to the Simon Commission was not universal. For example, the
1553:
Statues of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev at the India–Pakistan Border, near
1470:
The National Martyrs Memorial, built at Hussainiwala in memory of Bhagat Singh,
327:, set off two low-intensity homemade bombs among some unoccupied benches of the
8969:
8964:
8934:
8919:
8769:
8624:
8529:
8469:
8464:
8012:
7962:
7952:
7932:
7897:
7857:
7842:
7564:
7494:
7479:
7419:
7409:
7238:
7128:
6998:
6973:
6948:
6846:
6799:
5435:
4856:"How Russian Revolution Inspired Undivided India's Literary, Political Figures"
4258:"Read Bhagat Singh's death warrant on his 84th martyrdom anniversary (updated)"
3278:
3233:
2270:
Rajguru were executed by hanging at the central gaol, Lahore, on 23 March 1931.
2264:
2165:
2116:
as the author of the book, however Niralamba had only written the introduction.
1642:
1609:
1471:
1446:
On 15 August 2008, an 18-foot tall bronze statue of Singh was installed in the
1416:
1319:
1283:
1215:
1191:
1145:
1010:
908:
749:
590:
581:
559:
531:
442:
232:
6516:
6401:
To make the deaf hear: ideology and programme of Bhagat Singh and his comrades
1926:
1363:
shall never pray." Reader and friends, is it vanity? If it is, I stand for it.
695:
eventually responded to the criticism by writing the Assembly Bomb Statement:
425:
9121:
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8664:
8654:
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8609:
8574:
8569:
8434:
7957:
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7807:
7722:
7692:
7682:
7667:
7554:
7524:
7504:
7233:
6782:
4526:
4085:
3449:
Friend, Corinne (1977), "Yashpal: Fighter for Freedom – Writer for Justice",
2876:
Last Weapons: Hunger Strikes and Fasts in the British Empire, 1890–1948
2729:
Last Weapons: Hunger Strikes and Fasts in the British Empire, 1890–1948
2238:
2212:
1972:
1834:
1684:
1590:
1518:
1513:
1506:
1451:
944:
881:
826:
643:
410:
340:
248:
5838:
5808:"Bhagat Singh death anniversary: 7 movies based on the life of Bhagat Singh"
5405:
452:
8974:
8844:
8804:
8699:
8669:
8539:
8524:
8389:
8317:
8160:
8047:
7642:
7632:
7574:
7374:
7278:
7188:
7178:
6943:
6871:
6856:
6539:
5310:
4992:
2654:, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, p. 123,
2603:
India's Revolutionary Inheritance: Politics and the Promise of Bhagat Singh
2532:, Contemporary Anarchist Studies, Manchester University Press, p. 74,
2350:
India's Revolutionary Inheritance: Politics and the Promise of Bhagat Singh
1906:
1720:
1692:
1688:
1554:
1483:
1420:
1323:
1299:
1219:
1195:
1187:
920:
829:
the prisoners but this was resisted. With the matter still unresolved, the
512:
311:
3222:
Deol, Jeevan Singh (2004). "Singh, Bhagat [known as Bhagat Singh Sandhu".
2802:
A Revolutionary History of Interwar India: Violence, Image, Voice and Text
2611:
1525:
The Bhagat Singh Memorial was built in 2009 in Khatkar Kalan at a cost of
8959:
8719:
8709:
8634:
8594:
8414:
8409:
8327:
7767:
7647:
7339:
7118:
6866:
6747:
The hanging of Bhagat Singh : complete judgement and other documents
6395:
5828:
5659:
5619:
5555:
5186:
3535:
2762:
2219:
Singh, Bhagat; Gupta, D. N. (2007), Gupta, D. N.; Chandra, Bipan (eds.),
2029:
1741:
1696:
1680:
1670:
1646:
1600:
1327:
1275:
1267:
1254:
782:
268:
219:
82:
6524:
3462:
2958:, in Bozarsian, Hamit; Batallion, Gilles; Jaffrelot, Christophe (eds.),
1486:
on the banks of the Sutlej river, became Pakistani territory during the
8914:
8874:
8549:
8519:
8444:
8374:
8017:
7792:
7742:
7657:
7309:
7193:
7028:
6385:
5756:"Plea to prove Bhagat's innocence: Pak-based body wants speedy hearing"
5101:'Photos of the Gods': The Printed Image And Political Struggle in India
4681:"The Influence of Ghadar Movement on Bhagat Singh's Thought and Action"
4301:
3950:
3559:
2545:
Bhagat Singh who played a major role in India's anti-colonial struggle.
2471:
Last Weapons: Hunger Strikes and Fasts in the British Empire, 1890–1948
1634:
1630:
1271:
1150:
936:
916:
729:
260:
1565:
2005. In Pakistan, after a long-standing demand by activists from the
923:, Prem Dutt received five years of the same, and the remaining seven
646:
to show slides that enlivened his talks about revolutionaries such as
8929:
8909:
8834:
8809:
8559:
7997:
7892:
7852:
7827:
7762:
7424:
7414:
7314:
6793:
6193:
6057:
5993:
5933:"Bollywood Actors Who Essayed The Role Of Bhagat Singh To Perfection"
5728:
5129:
4823:
3911:
3835:
Presidential Legislation in India: The Law and Practice of Ordinances
1626:
1582:
1230:
1211:
1203:
1199:
919:, Jatindra Nath Sanyal and Des Raj) Kundan Lal received seven years'
737:
465:
of Rs. 60,000 five weeks after his arrest. He wrote for, and edited,
356:
332:
264:
256:
6761:
6377:
5126:"Book review: Why the Story of Bhagat Singh Remains on the Margins?"
3551:
2912:
Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian English Literature, 1830–1947
2702:
Hundred Years of the Russian Revolution: Its Legacies in Perspective
1229:
From May to September 1928, Singh published a series of articles on
1101:
and strikes of mourning were called. The Congress party, during the
50:
8489:
8332:
7359:
7003:
5842:
4235:
2855:
charismatic Bhagat Singh's Hindustan Socialist Republic Association
1223:
1050:
1036:
778:
713:
627:
606:
598:
474:
388:
299:
206:
3538:(June 1982), "The Congress and the Revolutionaries in the 1920s",
2930:
2893:
2847:
2784:
2746:
2717:
Hindustan Socialist Revolutionary Army established in 1928, whose
2669:
1641:(2002), a drama film directed by Anand Sagar and written/produced
302:, mistaking Saunders, who was still on probation, for the British
7519:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4652:
3611:
3153:
Revolutionary Pasts: Communist Internationalism in Colonial India
3034:
Revolutionary Pasts: Communist Internationalism in Colonial India
2496:
Revolutionary Pasts: Communist Internationalism in Colonial India
2326:
Revolutionary Pasts: Communist Internationalism in Colonial India
1736:
1326: – all atheist revolutionaries. He also took an interest in
1287:
1102:
1080:
623:
352:
5888:"Sardar Udham: Presenting Amol Parashar As Shaheed Bhagat Singh"
5786:"Dara Singh's best Bollywood moments: Amar Shaheed Bhagat Singh"
5693:"Bhagat Singh: 'Plan to rename chowk not dropped, just on hold'"
1760:
Although not written by Singh, the patriotic Hindustani songs, "
1294:
On the day of his execution, Bhagat Singh was reading the book,
593:, sometimes known as Durga Bhabhi, wife of another HSRA member,
315:
report showing eight bullet wounds. Another associate of Singh,
7043:
2605:, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press,
1341:, a fellow inmate, and a Sikh leader who would later found the
1098:
1032:
1020:
838:
792:
Lahore conspiracy case poster 9 Oct 193o jindal sunam 12x9 copy
631:
619:
602:
462:
291:
252:
185:
6709:
Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian-English Literature, 1830–1947
4965:
634:, with all except Singh returning to Lahore a few days later.
3000:
The HSRA favoured acts of 'exemplary' revolutionary violence.
1731:
490:
244:
6623:
Radical Politics in Colonial Punjab: Governance and Sedition
4336:. District Administration, Firozepur, Punjab. Archived from
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3095:
3093:
2960:
Revolutionary Passions: Latin America, Middle East and India
2553:
Timepass: Youth, Class, and the Politics of Waiting in India
2443:"The Art of Panicking Quietly: British Expatriate Responses"
1458:. A portrait of Singh and Dutt also adorns the walls of the
6762:
Bhagat Singh biography, and letters written by Bhagat Singh
6291:, vol. 10: Modern India, New Delhi: Sarup & Sons,
4990:
3253:
3251:
1337:
While in prison in 1930–31, Bhagat Singh was approached by
743:
466:
394:
391:
372:
6745:
Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh; Sidhu, Gurdev Dingh (2005).
5022:
On Bhagat Singh's death anniversary: 'Why I am an atheist'
3134:
3132:
2147:
2145:
2143:
815:
spoke in support of the strikers in the Assembly, saying:
767:
Hunger strike poster of Bhagat Singh and Batukeshswar Dutt
728:
In 1929, the HSRA had set up bomb factories in Lahore and
239:. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the
6604:
Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India)
5283:. District Administration Ferozepur, Government of Punjab
4435:"50 die in India riot; Gandhi assaulted as party gathers"
4056:"Rare documents on Bhagat Singh's trial and life in jail"
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3298:
3296:
3208:
3090:
3009:
Waiting for Swaraj: Inner Lives of Indian Revolutionaires
2652:
Waiting for Swaraj: Inner Lives of Indian Revolutionaries
2555:, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, p. 111,
2519:
2410:
Waiting for Swaraj: Inner Lives of Indian Revolutionaires
2385:
Waiting for Swaraj: Inner Lives of Indian Revolutionaires
519:, the British Government denied any role in Rai's death.
5653:"Tributes to Martyrs Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev"
5613:"Tributes to Martyrs Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev"
4276:
3248:
3061:
2984:
Vishnu's Crowded Temple: India Since the Great Rebellion
2767:
Vishnu's Crowded Temple: India Since the Great Rebellion
785:
of the criminal code in an attempt to limit gatherings.
662:
in Paris, Singh's plan was to explode a bomb inside the
5458:"Bhagat Singh memorial in native village gets go ahead"
4553:
Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi
4461:"Tamil Nadu saw spontaneous protests after the hanging"
4185:
3623:
3129:
3080:
3078:
3076:
2140:
231:(27 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian
5906:"I've been wanting to play Bhagat Singh: Karam Rajpal"
4202:
4200:
4139:
4137:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3851:
3815:
3813:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3580:
3358:
3356:
3293:
2832:(Anniversary ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 324.
255:, and after his execution at age 23 into a martyr and
108:, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
5365:
4564:
4562:
2314:
5307:
Gazetteer of India, Punjab, Firozpur (First Edition)
5281:"Retreat ceremony at Hussainiwala (Indo-Pak Border)"
5214:
5212:
5033:
4953:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4212:
4173:
4161:
4149:
3313:
3311:
3117:
3105:
3073:
2700:. In Chenoy, Anuradha M.; Upadhyay, Archana (eds.).
1071:
news report of Sardar Bhagat Singh's execution,1931.
637:
5001:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 64.
4941:
4893:"Understanding Bhagat Singh, one writing at a time"
4328:
4326:
4324:
4197:
4134:
4030:
4018:
4006:
3989:
3977:
3931:
3887:
3875:
3863:
3810:
3740:
3678:
3635:
3599:
3568:
3515:
3503:
3480:
Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice
3380:
3353:
485:("Workers and Peasants Party") and briefly for the
286:, both members of a small revolutionary group, the
6545:The Martyr Bhagat Singh: Experiments in Revolution
6284:
5366:Dhaliwal, Sarbjit; Amarjit Thind (23 March 2011).
4559:
3617:
2956:"The Making of Indian Revolutionaries (1885–1931)"
2086:, some Hindu politicians, and some members of the
1955:Śahīda Bhagata Siṃha : dastāvejoṃ ke āine meṃ
1842:Singh, Bhagat; Press, General (31 December 2019).
1358:Towards the end of the essay, Bhagat Singh wrote:
1042:
8272:
5209:
4984:
4827:. Chennai, India. 14 October 2007. Archived from
4411:
3308:
2769:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 174.
2373:
1655:played the role of Bhagat Singh in the 2006 film
282:In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate,
9119:
6829:
6085:"Sanawar students dramatise Bhagat Singh's life"
4763:Asian Anarchism: China, Korea, Japan & India
4321:
3368:
3184:The Goddess and the Nation: Mapping Mother India
2413:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 121–122,
2329:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 106–107,
2246:
1884:Singh, Bhagat; Press, General (2 October 2019).
1649:. It featured Deepak Dutta in the titular role.
1367:
6285:Bakshi, S.R.; Gajrani, S.; Singh, Hari (2005),
6277:
4916:
4874:
4547:
4357:
4355:
4232:"Bhagat Singh: A Perennial Saga Of Inspiration"
4108:
3915:. Chennai, India. 8 August 2005. Archived from
3331:"Bhagat Singh: The Making of the Revolutionary"
3169:activities, nor was he the only Shaheed-e-Azam.
2903:of the group, had participated in both actions.
2731:. University of California Press. p. 143.
2512:activities, nor was he the only Shaheed-e-Azam.
2474:, University of California Press, p. 143,
1243:etc., has the same meaning." He believed that:
1157:. According to a report in the Indian magazine
951:were all sentenced to transportation for life.
9203:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
6564:The Trial of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice
4819:"Bhagat Singh an early Marxist, says Panikkar"
2756:of the group, had participated in both actions
2353:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 78–79,
2223:, New Delhi: National Book Trust, p. xi,
1057:
1035:river, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from
954:
397:family on 27 September 1907 in the village of
9193:People executed for murdering police officers
8258:
6815:
5548:
4725:"Bhagat Singh and the Revolutionary Movement"
4393:"Bhagat "Indian executions stun the Congress"
4084:
2253:Deol, Jeevan Singh (2004). "Singh, Bhagat ".
2154:Deol, Jeevan Singh (2004). "Singh, Bhagat ".
970:
6744:
6562:Noorani, Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed (2001) .
4850:
4848:
4846:
4813:
4811:
4458:
4352:
4234:. Pragoti. 27 September 2008. Archived from
3228:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2573:
2433:
2259:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2160:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1691:, another film based on Udham Singh's life.
1567:Bhagat Singh Memorial Foundation of Pakistan
1206:. He was an avid reader of the teachings of
416:agitation around the Canal Colonization Bill
9218:People from Punjab Province (British India)
9188:People executed by British India by hanging
6462:, in Maclean, Kama; Elam, J. David (eds.),
6437:
5153:"Prez to unveil martyr's 'turbaned' statue"
3533:
3322:
3156:, Cambridge University Press, p. 107,
3143:
3138:
3099:
3037:, Cambridge University Press, p. 107,
2954:Jaffrelot, Christophe (22 September 2017),
2830:Postcolonialism: An Historical introduction
2499:, Cambridge University Press, p. 107,
2388:, Cambridge University Press, p. 121,
1031:village, and then threw the ashes into the
575:
506:In 1928, the British government set up the
501:
496:
9148:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
8323:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
8265:
8251:
7330:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
6822:
6808:
6693:
6639:
6394:
5959:"New film tells 'real' Bhagat Singh story"
5361:
5359:
5334:"National Monument Status Eludes Building"
5034:India Today Web Desk (28 September 2016).
4978:
4718:
4716:
4602:"Gandhiji tried hard to save Bhagat Singh"
4116:"Reasons for Refusing to Attend the Court"
3838:, Cambridge University Press, p. 44,
3257:
3012:, Cambridge University Press, p. 75,
2946:
2936:Under its charismatic leader, Bhagat Singh
2527:
2218:
1883:
1841:
1248:and Religion; the state; Private property.
524:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
288:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
152:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
49:
5855:
5104:, Reaktion Books, pp. 117, 124–126,
5066:
4843:
4808:
4499:. 6 April 1931. p. 3. Archived from
4334:"National Martyrs Memorial, Hussainiwala"
3488:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198078012.003.0054
3444:
3442:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3180:
3174:
3052:A Revolutionary History of Interwar India
2953:
2698:"Russian Revolution and the Global South"
2610:
1764:" ("The desire to sacrifice") created by
1190:as his hero. Bhagat was also inspired by
630:while Singh, Devi and the infant went to
9138:20th-century executions by British India
6789:Tracing the Martyr's Footsteps in Lahore
6640:Singh, Bhagat; Hooja, Bhupendra (2007),
5486:
4919:"Impact of Lenin on Bhagat Singh's Life"
4755:
4753:
4094:. Oxford University Press. p. 339.
3795:(3), July–September 2008, archived from
3482:, Oxford University Press, p. 380,
3412:"Historical Analysis: Of means and ends"
1986:. Sristhi Publishers & Distributors.
1669:where Rahul Pathak played Singh's role.
1548:
1465:
1426:
1410:
1380:
1061:
1009:
787:
762:
744:Hunger strike and Lahore conspiracy case
658:, a French anarchist who had bombed the
541:
451:
424:
275:'s nonviolent but eventually successful
259:in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from
6725:
6705:
6561:
6418:
6257:. Reserve Bank of India. Archived from
6156:"The role of poets in freedom struggle"
5724:"It's now Bhagat Singh Chowk in Lahore"
5589:. India. 1 January 2007. Archived from
5356:
5331:
5091:
5067:Philipose, Pamela (10 September 2011).
4713:
4555:. Oxford University Press. p. 158.
4224:
4049:
4047:
4045:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3477:
3225:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2908:
2799:
2550:
2440:
2296:, Oxford University Press, p. 30,
2293:Modern India: A Very Short Introduction
2289:
2256:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2157:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1572:
1482:The place where Singh was cremated, at
1400:
723:
14:
9120:
6767:His Violence Wasn't Just About Killing
6620:
6457:
6438:Maclean, Kama; Elam, J. David (2016),
6343:
6182:
6113:
5748:
5721:
5517:
5489:"Bhagat Singh, the eternal youth icon"
5487:Ravinder, Sharmila (13 October 2011).
5150:
5097:
4645:
4599:
4294:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3712:
3710:
3527:
3448:
3439:
3409:
3392:
3123:
3111:
3084:
3067:
3005:
2987:, Yale University Press, p. 174,
2867:charisma and sacrifice of Bhagat Singh
2695:
2649:
2600:
2406:
2381:
2346:
2195:Modern India: a textbook for Class XII
2018:(in Urdu). National Book Trust, India.
1407:Hussainiwala National Martyrs Memorial
1172:
689:
128:Hussainiwala National Martyrs Memorial
8246:
6803:
6726:Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007).
6659:
6600:
6580:
6538:
6363:
6304:
5368:"Policemen make a beeline for museum"
5248:
5123:
4959:
4947:
4759:
4750:
4630:
4568:
4422:
4282:
4218:
4206:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4143:
4036:
4024:
4000:
3983:
3949:
3937:
3893:
3857:
3819:
3746:
3701:
3605:
3593:
3574:
3509:
3386:
3328:
3317:
3277:. Government of India. Archived from
2980:
2873:
2827:
2761:
2726:
2467:
2011:
1990:
1979:
1933:
1904:
1862:
1789:
1585:played the role of Singh followed by
1253:Name Will Never Die", and "Down with
612:
456:Singh's photo during his first arrest
188:of John P. Saunders and Channan Singh
6643:The Jail Notebook and Other Writings
6500:
6479:
6323:
6153:
5226:. India. 3 July 1999. Archived from
5048:from the original on 31 October 2020
4678:
4042:
4012:
3881:
3869:
3689:
3646:
3629:
3521:
3471:
3374:
3362:
3302:
3221:
3149:
3030:
2862:
2492:
2322:
2252:
2153:
1994:Bhagatasiṃha ke rājanītika dastāveja
1286:described Singh as one of the early
992:expressed its reaction to the case:
799:met Singh and the other strikers in
6050:
6019:
5722:Joshua, Anita (30 September 2012).
5549:Prasannarajan, S. (11 April 2008).
5520:"Bhagat Singh: Hero then, hero now"
5124:Singh, Pritam (24 September 2008).
4880:
4722:
4491:"India: Naked to Buckingham Palace"
4459:Ramakrishnan, T. (22 August 2011).
4053:
3907:"When Jinnah defended Bhagat Singh"
3831:
3825:
3752:
3716:
3707:
3410:Vaidya, Paresh R. (27 April 2001),
2578:, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 141,
1790:Singh, Bhagat (27 September 1931).
1716:Hero of Nation Chandra Shekhar Azad
1291:revolutionary thoughts of Trotsky.
870:
24:
5856:Vijayakar, Rajiv (19 March 2010).
5762:. 6 September 2015. Archived from
5699:. 18 December 2012. Archived from
5518:Sharma, Amit (28 September 2011).
5332:Parkash, Chander (23 March 2011).
4600:Suthra, Varun (16 December 2012).
3719:"April 8, 1929: A Day to Remember"
3618:Bakshi, Gajrani & Singh (2005)
3329:Singh, Roopinder (23 March 2011).
876:Privy Council located in England.
622:). There they boarded a train for
25:
9239:
6755:
6701:. Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust.
6607:, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.,
6587:, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.,
5464:. 30 January 2009. Archived from
5249:Bains, K.S. (23 September 2007).
4787:
3451:Journal of South Asian Literature
3271:"Sardar Bhagat Singh (1907–1931)"
2445:, in Fischer-Tine, Harald (ed.),
1997:(in Hindi). National Book Trust.
1863:Singh, Bhagat (28 January 2010).
1732:Act Now for Harmony and Democracy
1728:Nehru Memorial Museum and Library
1436:development in India, notes that
1194:, another founding-member of the
1014:Death certificate of Bhagat Singh
638:Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest
587:Criminal Investigation Department
277:campaign for India's independence
7024:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
6730:. Delhi: Publications Division.
6460:"Experiments in political truth"
6243:
6213:
6147:
6107:
6077:
6044:
6013:
5981:
5951:
5925:
5898:
5880:
5849:
5821:
5800:
5778:
5732:. Chennai, India. Archived from
5715:
5685:
5645:
5605:
5575:
5542:
5511:
5480:
5450:
5420:
5390:
5325:
5295:
5273:
5242:
5175:
5144:
5117:
5075:. Chennai, India. Archived from
5060:
5027:
5015:
4998:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
4646:Sachar, Rajindar (17 May 2008).
4467:. Chennai, India. Archived from
4062:. Chennai, India. Archived from
2119:
1980:Singh, Bhagat (15 August 2019).
1866:Ideas of a Nation: Singh, Bhagat
1625:in which Singh was portrayed by
1419:honoring the renowned Sculptor,
1139:
1118:of 29 March 1931, Gandhi wrote:
1025:Nawab Muhammad Ahmed Khan Kasuri
990:Communist Party of Great Britain
803:. After the meeting, he stated:
650:who had died as a result of the
517:Parliament of the United Kingdom
218:
27:Indian revolutionary (1907–1931)
9183:Executed Indian revolutionaries
7264:Provisional Government of India
6728:Bhagat Singh: The Eternal Rebel
6051:Ray, Shreya (20 January 2012).
6020:Lal, Chaman (26 January 2012).
5666:. 23 March 2005. Archived from
5626:. 23 March 2001. Archived from
5151:Tandon, Aditi (8 August 2008).
4910:
4885:
4781:
4672:
4639:
4593:
4541:
4515:
4483:
4452:
4427:
4385:
4288:
4250:
4078:
3943:
3899:
3652:
3263:
2792:charismatic 22-year-old student
2719:charismatic leader Bhagat Singh
2106:
2093:
2076:
2067:
2015:Bhagat Singh ke siyāsī dastāvez
1043:Criticism of the tribunal trial
6350:, Cambridge University Press,
6154:Bali, Yogendra (August 2000).
5965:. 13 July 2008. Archived from
4792:. Marxists.org. Archived from
4766:, Raforum.info, archived from
4054:Lal, Chaman (15 August 2011).
2909:Tickell, Alex (17 June 2013).
2804:. Penguin Books. p. 184.
2686:
2283:
2112:Singh incorrectly referred to
1936:Selected works of Bhagat Singh
1544:
1431:Singh on a 1968 stamp of India
781:. The government had to apply
13:
1:
9092:Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case
9087:Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial
8274:Indian Revolutionary Movement
6466:, Routledge, pp. 73–89,
6197:. 3 June 2002. Archived from
5997:. 8 July 2008. Archived from
5989:"Documentary on Bhagat Singh"
4295:Khalid, Haroon (March 2010).
3717:Lal, Chaman (11 April 2009),
2874:Grant, Kevin (18 June 2019).
2828:Young, Robert J. C. (2016) .
2568:of a veteran freedom fighter.
2055:
1845:Jail Diary and Other Writings
1711:Shaheed Chandra Shekhar Azaad
1665:(2018) about freedom fighter
1153:movement, released under the
1131:the fruit of our own actions.
387:Bhagat Singh was born into a
382:
9102:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
8955:Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath
8765:Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
8365:Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya
7873:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
7149:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
6831:Indian independence movement
6675:(2): 297–326, archived from
6601:Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005b),
6581:Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005a),
6486:. Harvard University Press.
6278:Works cited and bibliography
6221:"Bhagat Singh and followers"
5183:"Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt"
5098:Pinney, Christopher (2004),
4790:"To Young Political Workers"
4648:"Death to the death penalty"
4569:Datta, V.N. (27 July 2008).
3955:"Bhagat Singh as I Knew Him"
3660:"Bombs Thrown into Assembly"
3242:UK public library membership
2819:the charismatic Bhagat Singh
2696:Chenoy, Kamal Mitra (2021).
2574:Balinisteanu, Tudor (2013),
2528:Loadenthal, Michael (2017),
2277:UK public library membership
2174:UK public library membership
2133:
2126:on Randhir Singh's writings.
1705:, which is based on life of
1673:played the role of Singh in
1376:
1177:
1005:
837:, cut short his vacation in
678:, the finance member of the
664:Central Legislative Assembly
329:Central Legislative Assembly
304:senior police superintendent
241:Central Legislative Assembly
176:Indian independence movement
7:
9077:Delhi Conspiracy Commission
8990:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
8950:Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath
8660:Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath
8063:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
7450:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
6697:; Singh, Trilochan (1993).
6660:Singh, Pritam (Fall 2007),
6566:. Oxford University Press.
6404:. Three Essays Collective.
5583:"In memory of Bhagat Singh"
5024:. scroll.in (23 March 2015)
3785:"The Trial of Bhagat Singh"
3181:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (2010).
2023:
1887:No Hanging, Please Shoot Us
1603:portrayed Bhagat Singh and
1579:Shaheed-e-Azad Bhagat Singh
1274:will be defeated. Death to
1186:, a founding-member of the
1058:Reactions to the executions
955:Appeal to the Privy Council
850:of another hunger striker,
680:Viceroy's Executive Council
562:, the Congress leader, but
435:Dayanand Anglo-Vedic School
10:
9244:
8785:Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya
8349:Workers and Peasants Party
7798:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
7350:Indian Independence League
7067:Partition of Bengal (1947)
7062:Partition of Bengal (1905)
6548:, Har-Anand Publications,
6305:Datta, Vishwanath (2008).
6190:"A non-stop show ..."
6114:Sehgal, Anil, ed. (2001).
4723:Rao, Niraja (April 1997),
4688:Journal of Pakistan Vision
4297:"In Bhagat Singh's memory"
2962:, Routledge, p. 122,
2817:personalities, especially
2593:My Fight for Irish Freedom
1747:
1695:portrayed Bhagat Singh in
1679:, a film based on life of
1622:The Legend of Bhagat Singh
1404:
1305:
971:Reactions to the judgement
609:) early the next morning.
29:
9228:People from Punjab, India
9044:
9013:
8620:Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee
8515:Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri
8357:
8280:
8189:
8088:
7973:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
7773:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
7593:
7470:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
7390:
7345:Indian Home Rule movement
7287:
7184:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
7124:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
7052:
6989:
6837:
6669:Journal of Punjab Studies
6517:10.1017/S0026749X08003491
5830:Bhagat Singh (Film, 2002)
4091:The Trial of Bhagat Singh
3666:. 8 April 1930. p. 1
3139:Mittal & Habib (1982)
2050:Lala Ram Saran Das Talwar
1869:. Penguin Books Limited.
1605:Amar Shaheed Bhagat Singh
1450:, next to the statues of
1198:. Singh was attracted to
891:Defence of India Act 1915
473:newspapers, published in
217:
212:
202:
192:
181:
171:
157:
143:
133:
123:
113:
94:
60:
48:
41:
9163:Indian atheism activists
9107:Rodda company arms heist
8985:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
8212:Indian annexation of Goa
8058:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
7570:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
7335:Indian National Congress
7134:Non-cooperation movement
6621:Sharma, Shalini (2010).
6398:; Singh, Bhagat (2007).
6160:Press Information Bureau
6053:"The lost son of Lahore"
5858:"Pictures of Patriotism"
5041:India Today (TV channel)
4979:Singh & Hooja (2007)
4679:Puri, Harish K. (2008).
4571:"Mahatma and the Martyr"
3832:Dam, Shubhankar (2013),
3258:Singh & Hooja (2007)
2060:
1783:
1775:
1755:
1385:Wall painting of Singh,
1312:Non-Cooperation Movement
900:first information report
863:extended beyond Punjab.
576:Killing of Channan Singh
502:Killing of John Saunders
497:Revolutionary activities
489:newspaper, published in
447:non-cooperation movement
273:Indian National Congress
9158:Indian anti-capitalists
9062:Chittagong Armoury Raid
9057:Barisal Conspiracy Case
9000:Vishwanath Vaishampayan
8775:Pramod Ranjan Choudhury
8760:Pandurang Mahadev Bapat
8690:Manoranjan Bhattacharya
8535:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
8308:Communist Consolidation
8217:Indian Independence Act
7803:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
7778:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
7748:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
7485:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
7465:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
7300:All-India Muslim League
7254:Royal Air Force strikes
7219:Round table conferences
7209:Chittagong armoury raid
7099:Hindu–German Conspiracy
7082:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
6852:Porto Grande de Bengala
6390:(subscription required)
6347:The Sikhs of the Punjab
6307:Gandhi and Bhagat Singh
5526:. India. Archived from
5462:Indo-Asian News Service
5374:. India. Archived from
5340:. India. Archived from
5257:. India. Archived from
5159:. India. Archived from
5069:"Is this real justice?"
4729:Revolutionary Democracy
4608:. India. Archived from
4577:. India. Archived from
3564:(subscription required)
3467:(subscription required)
3337:. India. Archived from
3100:Maclean & Elam 2016
3006:Vaidik, Aparna (2021),
2650:Vaidik, Aparna (2021),
2551:Jeffrey, Craig (2010),
2407:Vaidik, Aparna (2021),
2382:Vaidik, Aparna (2021),
2290:Jeffrey, Craig (2017),
2186:Encyclopedia Britannica
1819:. Gurgaon: Hope India.
1532:(US$ 2.0 million).
1496:1971 India–Pakistan war
1261:. The telegram stated:
418:in 1907, and later the
9153:Indian hunger strikers
8780:Pratul Chandra Ganguli
8495:Binod Bihari Chowdhury
8313:Dhaka Anushilan Samiti
8288:Abhinav Bharat Society
8003:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
7908:Purushottam Das Tandon
7274:Praja Mandala movement
7088:The Indian Sociologist
6749:. Chandigarh: Unistar.
6706:Tickell, Alex (2013),
6458:Moffat, Chris (2016),
6419:MacLean, Kama (2015).
6288:Early Aryans to Swaraj
6126:. Bharatiya Jnanpith.
5251:"Making of a memorial"
4367:Supreme Court of India
3234:10.1093/ref:odnb/73519
2901:the charismatic leader
2800:Maclean, Kama (2016).
2754:the charismatic leader
2704:. Palgrave Macmillan.
2640:Decolonizing Anarchism
2601:Moffat, Chris (2019),
2441:Maclean, Kama (2016),
2347:Moffat, Chris (2019),
2265:10.1093/ref:odnb/73519
2166:10.1093/ref:odnb/73519
2012:Singh, Bhagat (2010).
1991:Singh, Bhagat (2008).
1953:Singh, Bhagat (2007).
1934:Singh, Bhagat (2009).
1905:Singh, Bhagat (2020).
1815:Singh, Bhagat (2007).
1616:23 March 1931: Shaheed
1557:
1537:Supreme Court of India
1478:
1443:
1432:
1424:
1390:
1365:
1356:
1296:Reminiscences of Lenin
1280:
1250:
1170:
1137:
1112:
1096:
1072:
1015:
999:
986:
965:Judge Viscount Dunedin
844:Lahore Conspiracy Case
822:
810:
793:
768:
706:
676:George Ernest Schuster
573:
554:newspapers, including
550:
457:
430:
9198:People from Jaranwala
9072:Delhi conspiracy case
9026:Bande Mataram (Paris)
8890:Shyamji Krishna Varma
8855:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
8820:Ram Chandra Bharadwaj
8755:Panchanan Chakraborty
8705:Mohan Kishore Namadas
8640:Krishnaji Gopal Karve
8475:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
8460:Bhagwati Charan Vohra
8339:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
8227:Political integration
7968:Shyamji Krishna Varma
7753:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
7698:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
7530:Rettamalai Srinivasan
7490:Mahadev Govind Ranade
7295:All India Kisan Sabha
7259:Coup d'état of Yanaon
7159:Qissa Khwani massacre
7144:Coolie-Begar movement
6959:Second Anglo-Sikh War
6625:. London: Routledge.
6344:Grewal, J.S. (1998),
6091:. n.d. Archived from
5551:"60 greatest Indians"
5303:"Dress and Ornaments"
5220:"Shaheedon ki dharti"
4917:Chinmohan Sehanavis.
4760:Adams, Jason (2005),
3189:Duke University Press
2981:Misra, Maria (2008),
2727:Grant, Kevin (2019).
2612:10.1017/9781108655194
2468:Grant, Kevin (2019),
2045:Dharam Singh Hayatpur
1762:Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna
1699:'s television series
1552:
1469:
1438:
1430:
1414:
1384:
1360:
1351:
1263:
1245:
1240:Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam
1165:
1120:
1107:
1091:
1065:
1013:
994:
981:
921:rigorous imprisonment
817:
805:
801:Central Jail Mianwali
791:
766:
754:Central Jail Mianwali
697:
595:Bhagwati Charan Vohra
568:
545:
481:, the journal of the
455:
428:
310:for having ordered a
148:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
8995:Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
8885:Shrish Chandra Ghosh
8645:Kartar Singh Sarabha
8510:Chandra Shekhar Azad
8505:Chempakaraman Pillai
8500:Bipin Behari Ganguli
8455:Bhagwan Singh Gyanee
8430:Basanta Kumar Biswas
8385:Anant Laxman Kanhere
8380:Alluri Sitarama Raju
8344:Paris Indian Society
8053:Veeran Sundaralingam
8008:Tara Rani Srivastava
7943:Sahajanand Saraswati
7833:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
7718:Chandra Shekhar Azad
7623:Alluri Sitarama Raju
7580:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
7535:Sahajanand Saraswati
7455:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
7355:Indian National Army
7199:Dharasana Satyagraha
7104:Champaran Satyagraha
6954:First Anglo-Sikh War
6504:Modern Asian Studies
6480:Nair, Neeti (2011).
6327:Martyr as Bridegroom
6120:Lokodaya Granthamala
6095:on 26 September 2014
5432:Gazetteer Nawanshahr
4929:on 30 September 2015
4701:on 30 September 2015
4660:on 13 September 2012
4612:on 30 September 2015
4581:on 30 September 2015
4529:on 30 September 2015
4503:on 30 September 2015
4471:on 30 September 2015
4373:on 30 September 2015
4340:on 30 September 2015
4309:on 30 September 2015
4238:on 30 September 2015
4122:on 30 September 2015
4066:on 30 September 2015
3965:on 30 September 2015
3919:on 30 September 2015
3341:on 30 September 2015
3281:on 30 September 2015
2865:, p. 258: "The
2090:agreed to co-operate
2035:Kartar Singh Sarabha
1911:. Chicago: DXBooks.
1707:Chandra Shekhar Azad
1587:Shaheed Bhagat Singh
1573:Films and television
1415:Then the President,
1401:Legacy and memorials
1343:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
1184:Kartar Singh Sarabha
977:Madan Mohan Malaviya
724:Arrest of associates
317:Chandra Shekhar Azad
312:lathi (baton) charge
118:Execution by hanging
18:Shaheed Bhagat Singh
9213:Executed anarchists
9178:Executed communists
9173:Indian nationalists
8945:Tarakeswar Sengupta
8940:Tarakeswar Dastidar
8860:Santosh Kumar Mitra
8790:Prem Krishna Khanna
8615:Jnanendra Das Gupta
8600:Jadugopal Mukherjee
8545:Gaya Prasad Katiyar
8480:Bhupendranath Datta
8038:V. K. Krishna Menon
7983:Subhas Chandra Bose
7868:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
7863:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
7758:Govind Ballabh Pant
7738:Dayananda Saraswati
7663:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
7460:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
7440:Dhondo Keshav Karve
7435:Dayananda Saraswati
7430:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
7405:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
6918:Anglo-Maratha Wars
6324:Gaur, I.D. (2008),
6164:Government of India
6022:"Partitions within"
5766:on 9 September 2015
5697:The Express Tribune
5664:Parliament of India
5624:Parliament of India
5402:Gazetteer Jalandhar
5191:Parliament of India
4735:(1), archived from
4694:(2). Archived from
3953:(6 October 2007) .
3424:(8), archived from
2084:Central Sikh League
1983:Letter to my Father
1798:National Book Trust
1793:Why I Am an Atheist
1687:portrayed Singh in
1676:Shaheed Udham Singh
1492:Sulemanki Headworks
1456:Subhas Chandra Bose
1448:Parliament of India
1394:Subhas Chandra Bose
1389:, Himachal Pradesh.
1368:"Killing the ideas"
1347:Why I Am an Atheist
1259:Third International
1173:Ideals and opinions
1105:session, declared:
856:Gopi Chand Bhargava
813:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
690:Assembly case trial
660:Chamber of Deputies
536:Chandrashekhar Azad
371:("Great martyr" in
298:, in what is today
165:Why I Am an Atheist
114:Cause of death
106:Lahore Central Jail
9223:Capital punishment
9067:Christmas Day Plot
8895:Sohan Singh Bhakna
8865:Satyendranath Bosu
8825:Ramakrishna Biswas
8795:Pritilata Waddedar
8745:Nirmal Jibon Ghosh
8730:Narendra Mohan Sen
8725:Munsha Singh Dukhi
8685:Manmath Nath Gupta
8590:Hemchandra Kanungo
8585:Harnam Singh Saini
8580:Hari Kishan Talwar
8565:Hare Krishna Konar
8485:Bhavabhushan Mitra
8405:Atul Krishna Ghosh
8370:Ambika Chakrabarty
8222:Partition of India
8068:Yashwantrao Holkar
8033:V. O. Chidamabaram
7988:Subramania Bharati
7918:Rahul Sankrityayan
7903:Pritilata Waddedar
7813:Shri Krishna Singh
7713:C. Rajagopalachari
7703:Bidhan Chandra Roy
7688:Bhavabhushan Mitra
7673:Begum Hazrat Mahal
7628:Annapurna Maharana
7500:Muthulakshmi Reddy
7445:G. Subramania Iyer
7139:Christmas Day Plot
7014:Indian nationalism
6964:Sannyasi rebellion
6862:East India Company
6646:, LeftWord Books,
6483:Changing Homelands
6201:on 19 January 2012
6116:"Ali Sardar Jafri"
6089:Day and Night News
6065:on 6 February 2012
6001:on 7 November 2012
5969:on 15 October 2012
5911:The Times of India
5493:The Times of India
4981:, pp. 166–177
4831:on 15 January 2008
4439:The New York Times
4397:The New York Times
4285:, pp. 132–134
3632:, pp. 100–101
3150:Raza, Ali (2020),
3070:, pp. 83, 89.
3031:Raza, Ali (2020),
2493:Raza, Ali (2020),
2323:Raza, Ali (2020),
2040:Harnam Singh Saini
1558:
1479:
1433:
1425:
1391:
1086:The New York Times
1073:
1016:
879:On 2 July 1930, a
860:adjournment motion
794:
769:
758:political prisoner
613:Escape from Lahore
566:later wrote that:
551:
458:
431:
365:Hindu nationalists
237:Indian nationalist
32:Bhagat Singh Thind
9208:Indian anarchists
9168:Indian communists
9115:
9114:
9097:Kakori conspiracy
9052:Alipore Bomb case
8830:Ram Prasad Bismil
8750:Pandit Kanshi Ram
8740:Niranjan Sengupta
8675:Madan Lal Dhingra
8605:Jatindra Nath Das
8298:Bengal Volunteers
8240:
8239:
8207:Republic of India
8043:Vallabhbhai Patel
8028:Ubaidullah Sindhi
7928:Ram Prasad Bismil
7823:M. Bhaktavatsalam
7783:Jatindra Nath Das
7708:Bipin Chandra Pal
7643:Babu Kunwar Singh
7613:Achyut Patwardhan
7370:Khudai Khidmatgar
7214:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
7154:Kakori conspiracy
7114:Rowlatt Committee
7077:Direct Action Day
7039:Swadeshi movement
7019:Khilafat Movement
7009:Hindu nationalism
6969:Rebellion of 1857
6892:Anglo-Mysore Wars
6882:Battle of Plassey
6719:978-1-136-61840-6
6682:on 1 October 2015
6653:978-81-87496-72-4
6632:978-0-415-45688-3
6614:978-81-288-0816-6
6594:978-81-288-0827-2
6573:978-0-19-579667-4
6555:978-81-241-0700-3
6493:978-0-674-05779-1
6473:978-1-317-63712-7
6451:978-1-317-63712-7
6430:978-0-19-021715-0
6423:. New York: OUP.
6411:978-81-88789-56-6
6357:978-0-521-63764-0
6337:978-1-84331-348-9
6316:978-81-291-1367-2
6309:. Rupa & Co.
6261:on 1 October 2015
6133:978-8-12630-671-8
5736:on 1 October 2015
5703:on 1 October 2015
5593:on 1 October 2015
5563:on 1 October 2015
5530:on 1 October 2015
5499:on 1 October 2015
5468:on 1 October 2015
5438:on 1 October 2015
5408:on 1 October 2015
5398:"Chapter XIV (f)"
5378:on 1 October 2015
5344:on 1 October 2015
5313:on 1 October 2015
5261:on 1 October 2015
5230:on 1 October 2015
5197:on 1 October 2015
5163:on 1 October 2015
5132:on 1 October 2015
5111:978-1-86189-184-6
5079:on 1 October 2015
5008:978-1-4422-3601-1
4991:Louis E. Fenech;
4923:Mainstream Weekly
4862:. 7 November 2019
4796:on 1 October 2015
4770:on 1 October 2015
4739:on 1 October 2015
4194:, pp. 95–100
4101:978-0-19-579667-4
3845:978-1-107-72953-7
3799:on 1 October 2015
3789:India Law Journal
3729:on 1 October 2015
3497:978-0-19-807801-2
3428:on 29 August 2007
3305:, pp. 99–100
3240:(Subscription or
3198:978-0-8223-4610-4
3163:978-1-108-48184-7
3044:978-1-108-48184-7
3019:978-1-00-903238-4
2994:978-0-300-14523-6
2969:978-1-351-37809-3
2922:978-0-415-87715-2
2776:978-0-300-13721-7
2661:978-1-108-83808-5
2643:
2622:978-1-108-49690-2
2585:978-0-230-29095-2
2562:978-0-8047-7073-6
2539:978-1-5261-1445-7
2506:978-1-108-48184-7
2481:978-0-520-97215-5
2456:978-3-319-45136-7
2420:978-1-00-903238-4
2395:978-1-00-903238-4
2360:978-1-108-75005-9
2336:978-1-108-48184-7
2303:978-0-19-876934-7
2275:(Subscription or
2221:Selected Writings
2172:(Subscription or
2004:978-81-237-5109-2
1945:978-1-4495-5861-1
1897:978-93-89440-70-6
1890:. GENERAL PRESS.
1876:978-81-8475-191-8
1855:978-93-89716-06-1
1848:. GENERAL PRESS.
1807:978-1-983124-92-1
1770:Ram Prasad Bismil
1667:Kamal Nath Tiwari
1593:as Bhagat Singh,
1589:(1963), starring
1155:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
1094:fellow-assassins.
949:Kamal Nath Tewari
933:Bijoy Kumar Sinha
852:Jatindra Nath Das
718:India Law Journal
710:life imprisonment
684:Inquilab Zindabad
652:Kakori conspiracy
648:Ram Prasad Bismil
483:Kirti Kisan Party
409:in what was then
403:Lyallpur district
226:
225:
71:27 September 1907
16:(Redirected from
9235:
9036:Jugantar Patrika
9031:Hindustan Ghadar
8980:Veer Bhai Kotwal
8925:Suniti Choudhury
8880:Shivaram Rajguru
8850:Sachindra Bakshi
8840:Rash Behari Bose
8800:Pulin Behari Das
8715:M. P. T. Acharya
8555:Guran Ditt Kumar
8440:Batukeshwar Dutt
8420:Baikuntha Shukla
8395:Anantahari Mitra
8303:Berlin Committee
8293:Anushilan Samiti
8267:
8260:
8253:
8244:
8243:
8232:Simla Conference
8023:Tiruppur Kumaran
7993:Subramaniya Siva
7948:Sangolli Rayanna
7938:Rash Behari Bose
7878:Nagnath Naikwadi
7788:Jawaharlal Nehru
7733:Dadabhai Naoroji
7728:Chittaranjan Das
7618:A. K. Fazlul Huq
7540:Savitribai Phule
7365:Khaksar movement
7320:Berlin Committee
7305:Anushilan Samiti
7269:Independence Day
7229:Aundh Experiment
7204:Vedaranyam March
7109:Kheda Satyagraha
7094:Singapore Mutiny
6877:Portuguese India
6824:
6817:
6810:
6801:
6800:
6750:
6741:
6722:
6702:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6666:
6662:"Review article"
6656:
6636:
6617:
6597:
6577:
6558:
6535:
6497:
6476:
6454:
6434:
6415:
6391:
6388:
6366:Social Scientist
6360:
6340:
6330:, Anthem Press,
6320:
6301:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6266:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6231:on 15 April 2012
6227:. Archived from
6217:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6170:on 6 August 2013
6166:. Archived from
6151:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6061:. Archived from
6048:
6042:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6028:. Archived from
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5868:on 9 August 2010
5864:. Archived from
5853:
5847:
5846:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5782:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5673:on 26 April 2012
5672:
5657:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5633:on 26 April 2012
5632:
5617:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5559:. Archived from
5546:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5495:. Archived from
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5424:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5363:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5193:. Archived from
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5128:. Archived from
5121:
5115:
5114:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5012:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4925:. Archived from
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4889:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4852:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4757:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4720:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4685:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4656:. Archived from
4643:
4637:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4431:
4425:
4420:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4369:. Archived from
4359:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4330:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4305:. Archived from
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4118:. Archived from
4112:
4106:
4105:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4051:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3961:. Archived from
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3860:, pp. 83–89
3855:
3849:
3848:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3781:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3725:, archived from
3714:
3705:
3704:, pp. 76–78
3699:
3693:
3687:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3596:, pp. 42–44
3591:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3540:Social Scientist
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3407:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3306:
3300:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3219:
3206:
3205:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3147:
3141:
3136:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3088:
3082:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3027:
3002:
2977:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2905:
2859:
2824:
2796:
2758:
2723:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2646:
2636:
2614:
2597:
2570:
2547:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2489:
2464:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2403:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2343:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2215:
2189:
2177:
2169:
2149:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2019:
2008:
1987:
1976:
1949:
1930:
1901:
1880:
1859:
1838:
1811:
1766:Bismil Azimabadi
1599:(1965) in which
1581:(1954) in which
1531:
1529:
1460:Parliament House
1114:In the issue of
1029:Ganda Singh Wala
913:Shivaram Rajguru
871:Special Tribunal
797:Jawaharlal Nehru
656:Auguste Vaillant
564:Jawaharlal Nehru
528:Shivaram Rajguru
508:Simon Commission
348:Jawaharlal Nehru
325:Batukeshwar Dutt
284:Shivaram Rajguru
222:
193:Criminal penalty
182:Criminal charges
160:
134:Other names
101:
70:
68:
53:
39:
38:
21:
9243:
9242:
9238:
9237:
9236:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9118:
9117:
9116:
9111:
9040:
9009:
9005:Yogendra Shukla
8900:Sohanlal Pathak
8815:Rajendra Lahiri
8735:Niralamba Swami
8695:Matangini Hazra
8400:Ashfaqulla Khan
8353:
8276:
8271:
8241:
8236:
8197:Cabinet Mission
8185:
8089:British leaders
8084:
8073:Yogendra Shukla
7978:Siraj ud-Daulah
7933:Rani Lakshmibai
7923:Rajendra Prasad
7913:R. Venkataraman
7858:Mithuben Petit
7838:Mahadaji Shinde
7818:Lala Lajpat Rai
7653:Bahadur Shah II
7638:Ashfaqulla Khan
7608:Accamma Cherian
7603:Abul Kalam Azad
7595:
7589:
7560:Syed Ahmad Khan
7550:Sister Nivedita
7515:Pandita Ramabai
7510:Niralamba Swami
7475:J. B. Kripalani
7400:Ashfaqulla Khan
7392:
7386:
7325:Ghadar Movement
7283:
7164:Flag Satyagraha
7072:Revolutionaries
7054:
7048:
6991:
6985:
6887:Battle of Buxar
6833:
6828:
6758:
6753:
6738:
6720:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6664:
6654:
6633:
6615:
6595:
6574:
6556:
6494:
6474:
6452:
6431:
6412:
6396:Habib, Irfan S.
6389:
6378:10.2307/3517678
6358:
6338:
6317:
6299:
6280:
6275:
6274:
6264:
6262:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6234:
6232:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6204:
6202:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6173:
6171:
6152:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6112:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6068:
6066:
6049:
6045:
6035:
6033:
6018:
6014:
6004:
6002:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5972:
5970:
5963:Hindustan Times
5957:
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5939:. 28 March 2023
5931:
5930:
5926:
5916:
5914:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5871:
5869:
5854:
5850:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5769:
5767:
5760:Hindustan Times
5754:
5753:
5749:
5739:
5737:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5566:
5564:
5547:
5543:
5533:
5531:
5516:
5512:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5411:
5409:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5364:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5330:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5218:
5217:
5210:
5200:
5198:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5166:
5164:
5149:
5145:
5135:
5133:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5065:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5032:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5009:
4989:
4985:
4977:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4899:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4854:
4853:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4788:Singh, Bhagat.
4786:
4782:
4773:
4771:
4758:
4751:
4742:
4740:
4721:
4714:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4683:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4644:
4640:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4567:
4560:
4549:Stanley Wolpert
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4457:
4453:
4444:
4442:
4441:. 26 March 1931
4433:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4412:
4402:
4400:
4399:. 25 March 1931
4391:
4390:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4361:
4360:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4264:. 23 March 2015
4256:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4217:
4213:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4052:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3811:
3802:
3800:
3783:
3782:
3753:
3745:
3741:
3732:
3730:
3715:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3664:Evening Tribune
3658:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3636:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3552:10.2307/3517065
3532:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3498:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3447:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3408:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3373:
3369:
3361:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3249:
3239:
3220:
3209:
3199:
3191:. p. 218.
3179:
3175:
3164:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3045:
3020:
2995:
2970:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2923:
2886:
2840:
2812:
2777:
2739:
2712:
2691:
2687:
2662:
2623:
2586:
2563:
2540:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2482:
2457:
2438:
2434:
2421:
2396:
2378:
2374:
2361:
2337:
2319:
2315:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2251:
2247:
2231:
2205:
2180:
2171:
2150:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2114:Niralamba Swami
2111:
2107:
2098:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2026:
2005:
1965:
1952:
1946:
1938:. Big Red Oak.
1919:
1898:
1877:
1856:
1827:
1814:
1808:
1786:
1778:
1758:
1750:
1663:Shaheed-E-Aazam
1658:Rang De Basanti
1575:
1547:
1527:
1526:
1409:
1403:
1379:
1370:
1308:
1208:Mikhail Bakunin
1182:Singh regarded
1180:
1175:
1146:Mahatama Gandhi
1142:
1132:
1123:
1060:
1045:
1008:
973:
961:Punjab province
957:
873:
746:
726:
692:
640:
615:
578:
504:
499:
441:in response to
439:Lala Lajpat Rai
420:Ghadar Movement
385:
363:and right-wing
308:Lala Lajpat Rai
203:Criminal status
158:
150:
144:Organization(s)
109:
103:
99:
90:
72:
66:
64:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9241:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9048:
9046:
9042:
9041:
9039:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9017:
9015:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9007:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8970:V. V. S. Aiyar
8967:
8965:Ullaskar Dutta
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8935:Tarak Nath Das
8932:
8927:
8922:
8920:Sukhdev Thapar
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8770:Prafulla Chaki
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8625:Kanailal Dutta
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8530:Durgawati Devi
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8470:Bhai Parmanand
8467:
8465:Bhai Balmukund
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8284:
8282:
8278:
8277:
8270:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8247:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8193:
8191:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8092:
8090:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8082:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8013:Tarak Nath Das
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7963:Shuja-ud-Daula
7960:
7955:
7953:Sarojini Naidu
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7898:Prafulla Chaki
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7843:Mahatma Gandhi
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7599:
7597:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7565:Vakkom Moulavi
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7495:Mahatma Gandhi
7492:
7487:
7482:
7480:Jyotirao Phule
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7420:B. R. Ambedkar
7417:
7412:
7410:Ayya Vaikundar
7407:
7402:
7396:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7239:Cripps Mission
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7129:Noakhali riots
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7058:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6995:
6993:
6992:and ideologies
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6976:
6974:Radcliffe Line
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6949:Vellore Mutiny
6946:
6941:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6843:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6827:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6786:
6775:
6764:
6757:
6756:External links
6754:
6752:
6751:
6742:
6737:978-8123014814
6736:
6723:
6718:
6703:
6695:Singh, Randhir
6691:
6657:
6652:
6637:
6631:
6618:
6613:
6598:
6593:
6578:
6572:
6559:
6554:
6536:
6511:(3): 649–681,
6498:
6492:
6477:
6472:
6455:
6450:
6435:
6429:
6416:
6410:
6392:
6372:(9/10): 3–27,
6361:
6356:
6341:
6336:
6321:
6315:
6302:
6298:978-8176255370
6297:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6242:
6212:
6181:
6146:
6132:
6106:
6076:
6043:
6012:
5980:
5950:
5937:bollymints.com
5924:
5897:
5879:
5848:
5820:
5799:
5788:. 12 July 2012
5777:
5747:
5714:
5684:
5644:
5604:
5574:
5541:
5510:
5479:
5449:
5419:
5389:
5355:
5324:
5294:
5272:
5241:
5208:
5174:
5143:
5116:
5110:
5090:
5059:
5026:
5014:
5007:
4983:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4909:
4884:
4873:
4842:
4807:
4780:
4749:
4712:
4671:
4638:
4623:
4592:
4558:
4540:
4523:"Bhagat Singh"
4514:
4482:
4451:
4426:
4410:
4384:
4351:
4320:
4287:
4275:
4249:
4223:
4211:
4196:
4184:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4133:
4107:
4100:
4077:
4041:
4029:
4017:
4015:, p. 121.
4005:
3988:
3976:
3942:
3930:
3898:
3886:
3884:, p. 118.
3874:
3872:, p. 117.
3862:
3850:
3844:
3824:
3809:
3751:
3739:
3706:
3694:
3677:
3651:
3649:, p. 116.
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3579:
3567:
3534:Mittal, S.K.;
3526:
3524:, p. 115.
3514:
3502:
3496:
3470:
3438:
3391:
3379:
3367:
3352:
3321:
3307:
3292:
3262:
3247:
3207:
3197:
3173:
3162:
3142:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3089:
3072:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3043:
3028:
3018:
3003:
2993:
2968:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2921:
2906:
2884:
2871:
2860:
2838:
2825:
2811:978-0143426332
2810:
2797:
2775:
2759:
2737:
2724:
2710:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2660:
2647:
2621:
2598:
2584:
2571:
2561:
2548:
2538:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2490:
2480:
2455:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2404:
2394:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2344:
2335:
2313:
2302:
2282:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2190:
2182:"Bhagat Singh"
2178:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2105:
2092:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2003:
1988:
1977:
1963:
1950:
1944:
1931:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1839:
1825:
1812:
1806:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1740:, directed by
1723:respectively.
1702:Chandrashekhar
1643:Ramanand Sagar
1637:respectively.
1610:Shaheed-E-Azam
1574:
1571:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1523:
1510:
1499:
1464:
1463:
1417:Pratibha Patil
1402:
1399:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1307:
1304:
1298:, authored by
1284:K. N. Panikkar
1216:Vladimir Lenin
1210:and also read
1192:Bhai Parmanand
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1141:
1138:
1077:Congress party
1059:
1056:
1044:
1041:
1007:
1004:
972:
969:
956:
953:
872:
869:
831:Indian Viceroy
750:Hans Raj Vohra
745:
742:
725:
722:
704:justification.
691:
688:
639:
636:
614:
611:
591:Durgawati Devi
582:Head Constable
577:
574:
560:Mahatma Gandhi
532:Sukhdev Thapar
503:
500:
498:
495:
443:Mahatma Gandhi
422:of 1914–1915.
384:
381:
369:Shaheed-e-Azam
224:
223:
215:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
161:
155:
154:
145:
141:
140:
138:Shaheed-e-Azam
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
104:
102:(aged 23)
96:
92:
91:
73:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9240:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9082:Ghadar Mutiny
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9043:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9021:Bande Mataram
9019:
9018:
9016:
9012:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8905:Sri Aurobindo
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8870:Satish Sardar
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8680:Mahavir Singh
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8665:Kushal Konwar
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8655:Khudiram Bose
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8630:Kalpana Datta
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8610:Jiban Ghoshal
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8575:Harigopal Bal
8573:
8571:
8570:Haridas Dutta
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8435:Basawon Singh
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:Organizations
8279:
8275:
8268:
8263:
8261:
8256:
8254:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8188:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8087:
8081:
8080:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7958:Satyapal Dang
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7883:Nana Fadnavis
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7848:Mangal Pandey
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7808:Khudiram Bose
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7723:Chetram Jatav
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7693:Bhikaiji Cama
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7683:Bharathidasan
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7668:Basawon Singh
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7598:
7592:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7555:Sri Aurobindo
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7525:Ram Mohan Roy
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7505:Narayana Guru
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7389:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7288:Organisations
7286:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7249:Bombay Mutiny
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7234:Indian Legion
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7174:1928 Protests
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:Rowlatt Bills
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6988:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6825:
6820:
6818:
6813:
6811:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6748:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6729:
6724:
6721:
6715:
6712:, Routledge,
6711:
6710:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6663:
6658:
6655:
6649:
6645:
6644:
6638:
6634:
6628:
6624:
6619:
6616:
6610:
6606:
6605:
6599:
6596:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6579:
6575:
6569:
6565:
6560:
6557:
6551:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6540:Nayar, Kuldip
6537:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6478:
6475:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6456:
6453:
6447:
6444:, Routledge,
6443:
6442:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6422:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6362:
6359:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6342:
6339:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6308:
6303:
6300:
6294:
6290:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6246:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6216:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6150:
6135:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6047:
6032:on 1 May 2012
6031:
6027:
6023:
6016:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5984:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5893:
5889:
5883:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5809:
5803:
5787:
5781:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5718:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5654:
5648:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5608:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5578:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5545:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5360:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5328:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5282:
5276:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5245:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5147:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5094:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5018:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4962:, p. 27.
4961:
4956:
4950:, p. 26.
4949:
4944:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4913:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4882:
4877:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4756:
4754:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4717:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4596:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4565:
4563:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4279:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4221:, p. 103
4220:
4215:
4208:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4182:, p. 118
4181:
4176:
4170:, p. 117
4169:
4164:
4158:, p. 103
4157:
4152:
4145:
4140:
4138:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4103:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4086:Noorani, A.G.
4081:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4009:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3985:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3934:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3743:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3711:
3703:
3698:
3692:, p. 101
3691:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3631:
3626:
3620:, p. 334
3619:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3518:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3464:
3460:
3457:(1): 65–90 ,
3456:
3452:
3445:
3443:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3365:, p. 100
3364:
3359:
3357:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3126:, p. 84.
3125:
3120:
3114:, p. 89.
3113:
3108:
3102:, p. 28.
3101:
3096:
3094:
3087:, p. 83.
3086:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3055:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2885:9780520301009
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2839:9781405120944
2835:
2831:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2738:9780520301009
2734:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2713:
2711:9789813347854
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2677:poorna swaraj
2671:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2587:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2230:9788123749419
2226:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2204:9788174501295
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2139:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2088:Muslim League
2085:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:9788123014845
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1918:9782291088691
1914:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1826:9788178710563
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1796:. New Delhi:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:Amol Parashar
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1645:was aired on
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:Shammi Kapoor
1588:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:Bhagavad Gita
1515:
1514:Khatkar Kalan
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:Shaheedi Mela
1500:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:Indira Gandhi
1449:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1398:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:Randhir Singh
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:On 23 March,
1140:Gandhi's role
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1003:
998:
993:
991:
985:
980:
978:
968:
966:
962:
952:
950:
946:
945:Jaidev Kapoor
942:
938:
934:
930:
929:Mahavir Singh
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
904:
901:
895:
892:
888:
884:
883:
882:habeas corpus
877:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
847:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
827:force-feeding
821:
816:
814:
809:
804:
802:
798:
790:
786:
784:
780:
776:
775:
765:
761:
759:
755:
751:
741:
739:
735:
731:
721:
719:
715:
711:
705:
702:
696:
687:
685:
681:
677:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:magic lantern
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
509:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
423:
421:
417:
412:
411:British India
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
390:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
344:
342:
341:hunger strike
338:
334:
330:
326:
320:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:Punjab region
250:
249:hunger strike
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:anti-colonial
230:
221:
216:
211:
208:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
167:
166:
162:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
107:
98:23 March 1931
97:
93:
88:
85:(present-day
84:
83:British India
80:
76:
63:
59:
55:Singh in 1929
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
9143:Former Sikhs
9014:Publications
8975:Vanchinathan
8845:Roshan Singh
8805:P. V. Kurian
8700:Mohit Moitra
8670:Lokenath Bal
8540:Ganesh Ghosh
8525:Dinesh Gupta
8450:Bhagat Singh
8449:
8390:Ananta Singh
8318:Ghadar Party
8202:Constitution
8190:Independence
8077:
8048:Vanchinathan
7678:Bhagat Singh
7677:
7633:Annie Besant
7594:Independence
7575:Vinoba Bhave
7379:
7375:Swaraj Party
7279:Lucknow Pact
7189:Purna Swaraj
7179:Nehru Report
7086:
6990:Philosophies
6978:
6944:Polygar Wars
6872:French India
6857:Dutch Bengal
6847:Colonisation
6792:
6781:
6770:
6746:
6727:
6708:
6698:
6684:, retrieved
6677:the original
6672:
6668:
6642:
6622:
6603:
6584:Bhagat Singh
6583:
6563:
6544:
6508:
6502:
6482:
6463:
6440:
6420:
6400:
6369:
6365:
6346:
6326:
6306:
6287:
6263:. Retrieved
6259:the original
6254:
6245:
6233:. Retrieved
6229:the original
6224:
6215:
6203:. Retrieved
6199:the original
6192:
6184:
6172:. Retrieved
6168:the original
6159:
6149:
6139:20 September
6137:. Retrieved
6123:
6119:
6109:
6097:. Retrieved
6093:the original
6088:
6079:
6067:. Retrieved
6063:the original
6056:
6046:
6034:. Retrieved
6030:the original
6025:
6015:
6003:. Retrieved
5999:the original
5992:
5983:
5971:. Retrieved
5967:the original
5962:
5953:
5941:. Retrieved
5936:
5927:
5915:. Retrieved
5909:
5900:
5891:
5882:
5870:. Retrieved
5866:the original
5851:
5841:– via
5829:
5823:
5811:. Retrieved
5802:
5790:. Retrieved
5780:
5768:. Retrieved
5764:the original
5759:
5750:
5738:. Retrieved
5734:the original
5727:
5717:
5705:. Retrieved
5701:the original
5696:
5687:
5675:. Retrieved
5668:the original
5647:
5635:. Retrieved
5628:the original
5607:
5595:. Retrieved
5591:the original
5586:
5577:
5565:. Retrieved
5561:the original
5554:
5544:
5532:. Retrieved
5528:the original
5523:
5513:
5501:. Retrieved
5497:the original
5492:
5482:
5470:. Retrieved
5466:the original
5452:
5440:. Retrieved
5436:the original
5431:
5428:"Chapter XV"
5422:
5410:. Retrieved
5406:the original
5401:
5392:
5380:. Retrieved
5376:the original
5371:
5346:. Retrieved
5342:the original
5337:
5327:
5315:. Retrieved
5311:the original
5306:
5297:
5285:. Retrieved
5275:
5263:. Retrieved
5259:the original
5254:
5244:
5232:. Retrieved
5228:the original
5223:
5199:. Retrieved
5195:the original
5177:
5165:. Retrieved
5161:the original
5156:
5146:
5134:. Retrieved
5130:the original
5119:
5100:
5093:
5081:. Retrieved
5077:the original
5072:
5062:
5050:. Retrieved
5039:
5029:
5017:
4997:
4993:W. H. McLeod
4986:
4960:Nayar (2000)
4955:
4948:Nayar (2000)
4943:
4931:. Retrieved
4927:the original
4922:
4912:
4900:. Retrieved
4896:
4887:
4876:
4864:. Retrieved
4859:
4833:. Retrieved
4829:the original
4822:
4798:. Retrieved
4794:the original
4783:
4772:, retrieved
4768:the original
4762:
4741:, retrieved
4737:the original
4732:
4728:
4703:. Retrieved
4696:the original
4691:
4687:
4674:
4662:. Retrieved
4658:the original
4651:
4641:
4631:Nayar (2000)
4626:
4614:. Retrieved
4610:the original
4605:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4579:the original
4574:
4552:
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4527:the original
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:the original
4494:
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4469:the original
4464:
4454:
4443:. Retrieved
4438:
4429:
4423:Singh (2007)
4401:. Retrieved
4396:
4387:
4375:. Retrieved
4371:the original
4366:
4342:. Retrieved
4338:the original
4311:. Retrieved
4307:the original
4300:
4290:
4283:Nayar (2000)
4278:
4266:. Retrieved
4261:
4252:
4240:. Retrieved
4236:the original
4226:
4219:Rana (2005a)
4214:
4209:, p. 98
4207:Rana (2005a)
4192:Rana (2005a)
4187:
4180:Nayar (2000)
4175:
4168:Nayar (2000)
4163:
4156:Nayar (2000)
4151:
4146:, p. 96
4144:Nayar (2000)
4124:. Retrieved
4120:the original
4110:
4090:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4064:the original
4059:
4039:, p. 92
4037:Nayar (2000)
4032:
4027:, p. 91
4025:Nayar (2000)
4020:
4008:
4003:, p. 89
4001:Nayar (2000)
3986:, p. 88
3984:Nayar (2000)
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3963:the original
3958:
3945:
3940:, p. 83
3938:Nayar (2000)
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3917:the original
3910:
3901:
3896:, p. 85
3894:Nayar (2000)
3889:
3877:
3865:
3858:Nayar (2000)
3853:
3834:
3827:
3822:, p. 81
3820:Nayar (2000)
3801:, retrieved
3797:the original
3792:
3788:
3749:, p. 47
3747:Rana (2005a)
3742:
3731:, retrieved
3727:the original
3722:
3702:Nayar (2000)
3697:
3668:. Retrieved
3663:
3654:
3625:
3613:
3608:, p. 39
3606:Rana (2005a)
3601:
3594:Nayar (2000)
3577:, p. 65
3575:Rana (2005b)
3570:
3546:(6): 20–37,
3543:
3539:
3536:Habib, Irfan
3529:
3517:
3512:, p. 39
3510:Nayar (2000)
3505:
3479:
3473:
3454:
3450:
3430:, retrieved
3426:the original
3421:
3415:
3389:, p. 36
3387:Rana (2005a)
3382:
3370:
3343:. Retrieved
3339:the original
3334:
3324:
3318:Gupta (1997)
3283:. Retrieved
3279:the original
3274:
3265:
3260:, p. 16
3223:
3202:
3183:
3176:
3167:
3152:
3145:
3119:
3107:
3063:
3051:
3048:
3033:
3023:
3008:
2998:
2983:
2973:
2959:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2911:
2900:
2897:
2875:
2866:
2854:
2851:
2829:
2818:
2815:
2801:
2791:
2788:
2766:
2763:Misra, Maria
2753:
2750:
2728:
2718:
2715:
2701:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2651:
2639:
2634:
2602:
2592:
2589:
2575:
2566:
2552:
2543:
2529:
2521:
2510:
2495:
2485:
2470:
2460:
2446:
2435:
2424:
2409:
2399:
2384:
2375:
2364:
2349:
2340:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2292:
2285:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2220:
2194:
2185:
2155:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2078:
2069:
2014:
1993:
1982:
1954:
1935:
1907:
1886:
1865:
1844:
1816:
1791:
1779:
1759:
1751:
1735:
1725:
1721:Vivek Mishra
1714:
1710:
1700:
1693:Karam Rajpal
1689:Sardar Udham
1674:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1639:Bhagat Singh
1638:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1561:
1559:
1555:Hussainiwala
1517:
1502:
1484:Hussainiwala
1439:
1434:
1421:Ram V. Sutar
1392:
1371:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1336:
1332:Common Sense
1331:
1309:
1300:Clara Zetkin
1295:
1293:
1281:
1264:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1220:Leon Trotsky
1196:Ghadar Party
1188:Ghadar Party
1181:
1166:
1158:
1143:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1074:
1066:
1049:
1046:
1017:
1000:
995:
987:
982:
974:
958:
905:
896:
886:
880:
878:
874:
865:
848:
823:
818:
811:
806:
795:
772:
770:
747:
727:
717:
707:
700:
698:
693:
672:
641:
616:
601:en route to
579:
569:
555:
552:
521:
513:lathi charge
505:
486:
478:
459:
432:
386:
368:
345:
321:
281:
229:Bhagat Singh
228:
227:
163:
159:Notable work
137:
100:(1931-03-23)
43:Bhagat Singh
36:
9133:1931 deaths
9128:1907 births
8960:Udham Singh
8720:Mukundi Lal
8710:Motilal Roy
8650:Kishori Lal
8635:Kalyani Das
8595:Hemu Kalani
8425:Banwari Lal
8415:Bagha Jatin
8410:Badal Gupta
8328:India House
8146:Mountbatten
7768:Hemu Kalani
7648:Bagha Jatin
7585:Vivekananda
7340:India House
7224:Act of 1935
6999:Ambedkarism
6867:British Raj
6783:The Tribune
6235:20 November
6225:Indian Post
5943:17 February
5770:8 September
5707:26 December
5660:Rajya Sabha
5620:Rajya Sabha
5587:The Tribune
5556:India Today
5524:The Tribune
5372:The Tribune
5338:The Tribune
5255:The Tribune
5224:The Tribune
5187:Rajya Sabha
5157:The Tribune
5083:20 November
4800:13 February
4743:18 November
4705:18 November
4606:The Tribune
4575:The Tribune
4475:23 November
4262:India Today
4126:16 February
3969:17 December
3951:Ghosh, Ajoy
3733:14 December
3690:Gaur (2008)
3630:Gaur (2008)
3363:Gaur (2008)
3345:17 December
3335:The Tribune
3303:Gaur (2008)
3124:Moffat 2016
3112:Moffat 2016
3085:Moffat 2016
3068:Moffat 2016
2101:Kishori Lal
2030:Udham Singh
1742:Gauhar Raza
1730:(NMML) and
1713:(2020) and
1697:Star Bharat
1681:Udham Singh
1671:Gurdas Mann
1647:DD National
1601:Manoj Kumar
1562:India Today
1545:Modern days
1530:168 million
1328:Soham Swami
1276:Imperialism
1268:proletariat
1255:Imperialism
1116:Young India
1068:The Tribune
941:Gaya Prasad
925:Kishori Lal
887:ultra vires
783:Section 144
774:The Tribune
734:Kishori Lal
269:charismatic
89:, Pakistan)
9122:Categories
8915:Subodh Roy
8875:Shiv Verma
8550:Gulab Kaur
8520:Deba Gupta
8445:Benoy Basu
8375:Ajoy Ghosh
8335:(Yugantar)
8176:Linlithgow
8116:Chelmsford
8106:Cornwallis
8018:Tatya Tope
7888:Nana Saheb
7793:K. Kamaraj
7743:Dhan Singh
7658:Bakht Khan
7310:Arya Samaj
7244:Quit India
7194:Salt March
7053:Events and
7029:Satyagraha
6255:rbi.org.in
6205:28 October
6174:4 December
6099:30 January
6069:30 January
6036:30 January
6005:28 October
5973:29 October
5872:29 October
5677:3 December
5637:3 December
5597:28 October
5567:7 December
5534:4 December
5503:4 December
5442:21 October
5412:21 October
5382:29 October
5348:29 October
5317:21 October
5287:21 October
5265:21 October
5234:11 October
5201:3 December
5167:29 October
5136:29 October
4933:28 October
4881:Rao (1997)
4774:28 October
4664:1 November
4633:, p.
4616:14 January
4585:28 October
4533:13 January
4507:11 October
4445:2011-10-11
4403:11 October
4377:11 October
4344:11 October
4313:4 December
4302:Daily Jang
4242:28 October
4070:31 October
3959:Mainstream
3923:11 October
3803:11 October
3723:Mainstream
3285:11 October
3244:required.)
2931:2011019599
2894:2018057018
2848:2016025068
2785:2007936529
2747:2018057018
2670:2021005366
2279:required.)
2176:required.)
2056:References
1927:1153081094
1635:Ajay Devgn
1631:Bobby Deol
1583:Prem Adeeb
1405:See also:
1282:Historian
1272:Capitalism
1270:will win.
1151:Satyagraha
1089:reported:
1037:Ferozepore
937:Shiv Verma
917:Ajoy Ghosh
835:Lord Irwin
825:attempted
738:informants
730:Saharanpur
556:The People
487:Veer Arjun
383:Early life
361:communists
261:Bolshevism
67:1907-09-27
8930:Surya Sen
8910:Srish Pal
8835:Ram Rakha
8810:Rajat Sen
8560:Har Dayal
8151:Wellesley
8136:Dalhousie
7998:Surya Sen
7893:P. Kakkan
7853:Mir Qasim
7828:M. N. Roy
7763:Har Dayal
7596:activists
7425:Baba Amte
7415:Ayyankali
7393:reformers
7315:Azad Hind
7055:movements
7034:Socialism
6794:The Quint
6686:8 October
6533:143725577
6265:1 October
6194:The Hindu
6058:Live Mint
6026:The Hindu
5994:The Hindu
5740:2 October
5729:The Hindu
5073:The Hindu
4902:6 October
4866:6 October
4860:NewsClick
4835:1 January
4824:The Hindu
4465:The Hindu
4060:The Hindu
4013:Nair 2011
3912:The Hindu
3882:Nair 2011
3870:Nair 2011
3670:29 August
3647:Nair 2011
3522:Nair 2011
3432:9 October
3417:Frontline
3375:Nair 2011
2863:Nair 2011
2631:158993652
2239:607855643
2213:838284530
2134:Citations
1973:429632571
1835:506510146
1726:In 2008,
1653:Siddharth
1627:Sonu Sood
1488:partition
1377:Influence
1231:anarchism
1212:Karl Marx
1204:communism
1200:anarchism
1178:Communism
1160:Frontline
1006:Execution
357:socialist
337:Jatin Das
265:anarchism
257:folk hero
213:Signature
124:Monuments
8490:Bina Das
8333:Jugantar
8181:Hastings
8141:Bentinck
7360:Jugantar
7004:Gandhism
6542:(2000),
6525:20488099
5892:NDTV.com
5843:WorldCat
5839:51050970
5813:22 March
5472:22 March
5046:Archived
4995:(2014).
4897:The Week
4551:(2001).
4268:23 March
4088:(1996).
3463:40873491
2765:(2007).
2024:See also
1387:Rewalsar
1330:'s book
1288:Marxists
1224:Gandhian
1051:ex-parte
808:success.
779:Amritsar
714:Asaf Ali
607:Calcutta
599:Bathinda
475:Amritsar
300:Pakistan
207:Executed
172:Movement
8101:Canning
7520:Periyar
7169:Bardoli
6937:Gwalior
6839:History
6772:Outlook
6386:3517678
5052:12 July
4653:Tehelka
3560:3517065
1748:Theatre
1737:Inqilab
1596:Shaheed
1476:Rajguru
1472:Sukhdev
1324:Trotsky
1316:Bakunin
1306:Atheism
1103:Karachi
1099:Hartals
1081:Karachi
997:people.
909:Sukhdev
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