50:
1057:
89:
78:
100:
316:
The number of Brahui tribes have fluctuated across the centuries. At the time of Nasir Khan I, when the
Khanate of Kalat was at its zenith, the Brahuis had eight nuclear tribes and seven peripheral tribes; by the time of the last Khan, twelve peripheral tribes had been added. The 1911 census was the
372:
in their lore, and
Brahuis' self-identification as migrants from Syria can be interpreted as an Islamized version of the same event. However, the Brahuis do not have any significant Dravidian genetic component and are largely indistinguishable from surrounding Indo-European populaces; this suggests
368:, Dravidian languages spoken as geographical isolates across Eastern India, most linguists speculate the three groups to have shared a common stage before migrating along different directions. Additionally, both Kurukhs and Maltos speak of an eastward migration from
340:
followed by the overthrow of one Sewa dynasty, is a piecemeal borrowing from Baloch traditions; historical ballads, etc., are nonexistent in the language. Thus, says
Elfenbein, reconstructions of Brahui pre-history can only depend on linguistics and genetics.
317:
only attempt to enumerate the Brahui as an ethnic group. However, since most Brahui describe themselves as Baloch to outsiders, the recorded count is an underestimate. Elfenbein, referencing estimations from 1996, speculates that there are
452:
characterised it as an "etymological nightmare". There are three dialects with no significant variation: Sarawani (spoken in the north), Jhalawani (spoken in the southeast), and Chaghi (spoken in the northwest and west).
403:, into their traditional grazing lands and migratory routes. The Khanate was established by Ahmad Khan I, a Brahui chieftain, in the 1660s and derived its power from a complex system of inter-tribal alliances with the
419:
at times, the kingdom gained in size and reached its zenith under Nasir Khan I in the late eighteenth century. However, British incursion into the subcontinent coupled with territorial losses to Persia compelled
190:
The origin of the word "Brahui" is uncertain. Mikhail
Andronov hypothesised a derivation from Dravidian (lit. Northern hillmen). However, Josef Elfenbein found it unconvincing and hypothesised a derivation from
474:
out of the efforts of Mulla Nabo-Jan and
Maulana Fazl Mohammed Khan Darkhani for spreading Islamic revivalist ideas. Literacy rates among Brahuis remained very low as the late as 1990s.
49:
877:
1092:
1444:
1279:
1244:
1564:
1144:
1259:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1179:
870:
1559:
1085:
774:
1549:
863:
448:
and is, hence, a geographical isolate. It has extensively borrowed from
Balochi and other languages of the area; linguist
440:; only two nuclear tribes speak Brahui as a primary language. Half of the rest may be secondary speakers of Brahui with
1554:
1078:
632:
P. 32–34 Ideology and status of
Sanskrit : contributions to the history of the Sanskrit language by Jan E M Houben
614:
1294:
935:
444:
as the primary language, while the other half are estimated to speak no Brahui "at all". The language belongs to the
980:
886:
767:
644:"An Ethnolinguistic and Genetic Perspective on the Origins of the Dravidian-Speaking Brahui in Pakistan"
1569:
1174:
399:— appears to have been a response to the increasing penetration of Mughal governance, especially under
1101:
1038:
384:
205:; the term perhaps served to distinguish the neo-Muslim nomadic pastoralists — who had migrated into
395:
The
Brahuis have traditionally been nomads; the state-formation — in the form of a confederacy, the
373:
the passage of sufficient time since the admixture event, thereby supporting the relict hypothesis.
1336:
1028:
17:
513:
424:
to accept a protectorate status; in the aftermath of the
Partition, the Khanate was absorbed into
296:, but they appear to have assimilated into the neighbouring Baloch. Some Brahui are also found in
1348:
1043:
970:
1544:
1234:
1033:
760:
742:
710:
352:
of
Dravidians remaining from a time when Dravidians were more widespread or they migrated to
1506:
436:
According to Elfenbein, only about 15% of the Brahui tribesmen are primary speakers of the
387:, the language of which he concludes as "likely to have belonged to the Dravidian family".
8:
1516:
1383:
1363:
1194:
1112:
445:
345:
332:
The origins of the Brahuis remain unclear. Brahui lore, which speaks of a migration from
230:
179:
1521:
1501:
1486:
1289:
1061:
738:
668:
643:
467:, a court poet of Nasir Khan I. The Perso-Arabic script currently in use was developed
348:
only exist further south in India has led to two hypotheses — either the Brahuis are a
1117:
1511:
1417:
844:
730:
673:
655:
610:
349:
274:
132:
726:
360:
sometime in the last two millennia. Noting extensive phonological similarities with
722:
663:
484:
449:
441:
396:
250:
238:
201:
192:
120:
1368:
1214:
1000:
812:
437:
421:
365:
337:
246:
175:
145:
116:
1496:
1491:
1434:
1373:
1284:
1269:
1169:
960:
855:
827:
460:(lit. Gift of Wonders), a translation from Persian by Malikdad Gharsin Qalati,
456:
No significant corpus of Brahui literature exists; the earliest extant work is
361:
242:
1538:
1464:
1459:
1429:
1353:
1319:
1239:
1127:
990:
945:
910:
783:
734:
659:
404:
278:
1070:
566:
1479:
1474:
1439:
1422:
1378:
1122:
1012:
920:
905:
900:
839:
677:
376:
297:
229:
The Brahuis predominantly inhabit a narrow belt in Pakistan, also known as
1469:
1331:
1309:
1274:
1264:
822:
642:
Pagani, Luca; Colonna, Vincenza; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Ayub, Qasim (2017).
492:
416:
357:
353:
305:
293:
270:
167:
93:
1326:
1254:
1229:
950:
940:
925:
400:
269:
Large numbers of nomadic and semi-nomadic Brahui speakers are found in
253:
in the south. Kalat separates the area into a northern part, known as
1299:
1249:
995:
369:
1407:
1390:
1149:
965:
425:
308:
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in search of employment.
292:; in 1909, G. P. Tate did come across a few Brahui as far south as
258:
163:
82:
1454:
1412:
1358:
1224:
1154:
1137:
985:
955:
832:
794:
254:
817:
752:
1400:
1314:
1304:
1219:
1184:
1164:
1132:
1005:
975:
930:
802:
408:
289:
285:
234:
1449:
1395:
333:
206:
641:
27:
Ethnic group primarily concentrated in Balochistan, Pakistan
1341:
412:
301:
282:
171:
104:
162:
are an ethnic group of pastoralists principally found in
277:
desert, in an area extending west of Nushki along the
605:Elfenbein, Josef (2019). Seever, Sanford B. (ed.).
560:
558:
556:
554:
288:. In Iran, Brahui are restricted to the north of
1536:
885:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
1100:
1086:
871:
768:
531:
600:
491:, a flowering plant belonging to the family
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
383:that the Brahui people are remnants of the
304:oasis, where their ancestors migrated from
1093:
1079:
878:
864:
775:
761:
431:
411:; notwithstanding nominal suzerainties to
150:
48:
40:
667:
604:
564:
715:Journal of the American Oriental Society
577:
311:
708:
571:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4
14:
1565:Social groups of Balochistan, Pakistan
1537:
609:(2 ed.). Routledge. p. 495.
1074:
859:
756:
711:"Brahui and the Zagrosian Hypothesis"
704:
702:
700:
628:
626:
149:
70:Regions with significant populations
24:
428:notwithstanding popular protests.
264:
25:
1581:
782:
697:
635:
623:
1560:Indigenous peoples of South Asia
1055:
495:, named after the Brahui people.
257:, and a southern part, known as
98:
87:
76:
743:10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.3.551
727:10.7817/jameroriesoci.135.3.551
684:
506:
13:
1:
524:
468:
461:
318:
210:
166:, and to a smaller extent in
1550:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
887:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
694:, Cambridge University Press
692:Deciphering the Indus script
381:Deciphering the Indus Script
185:
7:
477:
224:
219:
199:, referring to the prophet
195:(Jaṭki dialect of Punjabi)
54:A group of Brahui tribesmen
10:
1586:
709:McAlpin, David W. (2015).
390:
327:
1555:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
1108:
1102:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
1052:
1021:
893:
790:
565:Elfenbein, Josef (1989).
446:Dravidian language family
131:
126:
115:
110:
74:
69:
64:
59:
47:
39:
38:
499:
209:from the Western Deccan
607:The Dravidian Languages
432:Language and literature
216:ago and adopted Islam.
178:, which belongs to the
1062:Afghanistan portal
690:Asko Parpola (1994),
514:List of Brahui tribes
312:Tribes and population
237:in the north through
127:Related ethnic groups
344:The fact that other
1195:European Pakistanis
573:. pp. 433–443.
379:states in his book
346:Dravidian languages
273:, primarily in the
214: a millennium
35:
324:Brahui tribesmen.
33:
1570:Dravidian peoples
1532:
1531:
1068:
1067:
1022:Foreign nationals
853:
852:
485:Stocksia brahuica
350:relict population
182:language family.
138:
137:
133:Dravidian peoples
16:(Redirected from
1577:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1058:
880:
873:
866:
857:
856:
799:Jhalawan Baloch
777:
770:
763:
754:
753:
747:
746:
706:
695:
688:
682:
681:
671:
639:
633:
630:
621:
620:
602:
575:
574:
562:
518:
516:
510:
490:
473:
470:
466:
465: 1759-1760
463:
458:Tuḥfat al-aja īb
450:David W. McAlpin
397:Khanate of Kalat
385:Harappan culture
323:
320:
300:, mainly in the
215:
212:
153:
152:
103:
102:
101:
92:
91:
90:
81:
80:
79:
60:Total population
52:
42:
36:
32:
21:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1235:Indus Kohistani
1104:
1099:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1017:
889:
884:
854:
849:
809:Sarawan Baloch
786:
781:
751:
750:
707:
698:
689:
685:
640:
636:
631:
624:
617:
603:
578:
563:
532:
527:
522:
521:
512:
511:
507:
502:
488:
480:
471:
464:
438:Brahui language
434:
393:
330:
321:
314:
267:
265:Other countries
227:
222:
213:
188:
99:
97:
88:
86:
77:
75:
55:
43:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
897:
895:
891:
890:
883:
882:
875:
868:
860:
851:
850:
848:
847:
842:
837:
836:
835:
830:
828:Muhammad Shahi
825:
820:
815:
807:
806:
805:
797:
791:
788:
787:
780:
779:
772:
765:
757:
749:
748:
721:(3): 551–586.
696:
683:
654:(1): 267–278.
634:
622:
616:978-1138853768
615:
576:
529:
528:
526:
523:
520:
519:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
479:
476:
433:
430:
392:
389:
329:
326:
322: 700,000
313:
310:
266:
263:
226:
223:
221:
218:
187:
184:
136:
135:
129:
128:
124:
123:
113:
112:
108:
107:
72:
71:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1582:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Brahui people
1543:
1542:
1540:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:Urdu speakers
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1063:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
894:Ethnic groups
892:
888:
881:
876:
874:
869:
867:
862:
861:
858:
846:
843:
841:
840:Brahui Charan
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
804:
801:
800:
798:
796:
793:
792:
789:
785:
784:Brahui tribes
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
759:
758:
755:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
705:
703:
701:
693:
687:
679:
675:
670:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
629:
627:
618:
612:
608:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
572:
568:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
530:
515:
509:
505:
494:
487:
486:
482:
481:
475:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
429:
427:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
325:
309:
307:
306:British India
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:Helmand river
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
217:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
183:
181:
177:
174:. They speak
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
147:
143:
134:
130:
125:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
95:
84:
73:
68:
63:
58:
51:
46:
37:
19:
1475:Meghwar Bhil
1159:
915:
718:
714:
691:
686:
651:
648:Man in India
647:
637:
606:
570:
508:
483:
457:
455:
435:
394:
380:
377:Asko Parpola
375:
343:
331:
315:
298:Turkmenistan
268:
228:
200:
196:
189:
159:
155:
141:
139:
30:Ethnic group
1430:Salvi Mewar
1401:Spin Tareen
1310:Rajasthanis
493:Sapindaceae
472: 1900
417:Afghanistan
358:South India
354:Baluchistan
271:Afghanistan
168:Afghanistan
94:Afghanistan
1539:Categories
1418:Rajasthani
1327:Nuristanis
1230:Hindkowans
1039:Pakistanis
951:Nuristanis
525:References
401:Shah Jahan
231:Brahuistan
1445:Shumashti
1300:Gujaratis
1250:Kashmiris
1029:Armenians
996:Qizilbash
845:Rakhshani
813:Bangulzai
735:0003-0279
660:0025-1569
370:Karnataka
186:Etymology
180:Dravidian
111:Languages
1408:Punjabis
1391:Pashtuns
1374:Shughnan
1369:Sariquli
1290:Muhajirs
1215:Gujarati
1150:Bengalis
1044:Russians
1001:Turkmens
971:Punjabis
966:Pashtuns
678:28381901
567:"BRAHUI"
478:See also
426:Pakistan
409:Dehwaris
275:Shorawak
259:Jhalawan
251:Las Bela
225:Pakistan
220:Location
164:Pakistan
83:Pakistan
18:Shahwani
1517:Uyghurs
1507:Turkmen
1455:Sindhis
1435:Saraiki
1413:Purigpa
1359:Pamiris
1349:Paharis
1295:Biharis
1285:Marwari
1280:Makrani
1270:Ladakhi
1245:Kalkoti
1225:Hazaras
1175:Chinese
1170:Burusho
1155:Biharis
1138:Khetran
1113:Afghans
1034:Indians
986:Hazaras
961:Pashayi
956:Pamiris
931:Gurjars
833:Raisani
795:Bizenjo
669:5378296
442:Balochi
405:Balochs
391:History
328:Origins
283:Iranian
255:Sarawan
239:Mastung
233:, from
202:Abraham
193:Saraiki
151:براہوئی
121:Balochi
65:700,000
41:براہوئی
1502:Kyrgyz
1497:Turkic
1492:Torwal
1480:Memons
1465:Kutchi
1460:Jadgal
1384:Yidgha
1354:Palula
1315:Tamils
1305:Memons
1240:Kalash
1220:Gurjar
1200:Gabaro
1185:Dogras
1165:Broqpa
1160:Brahui
1145:Bateri
1133:Dehwar
1128:Baloch
1006:Uzbeks
991:Kyrgyz
981:Turkic
976:Tajiks
946:Moghol
916:Brahui
911:Baloch
823:Langav
803:Mengal
741:
733:
676:
666:
658:
613:
489:Benth.
413:Persia
366:Kurukh
290:Sistan
286:Sistan
247:Nushki
245:, and
235:Quetta
176:Brahui
156:Brahvi
146:Brahui
142:Brahui
117:Brahui
34:Brahui
1522:Uzbek
1512:Turks
1487:Tajik
1450:Siddi
1440:Shina
1423:Thari
1396:Ormur
1379:Wakhi
1364:Munji
1260:Kolai
1210:Gawri
1205:Gawar
1190:Domaa
1180:Damia
1123:Balti
1118:Bagri
1013:Wakhi
921:Dalak
906:Arabs
901:Aimaq
739:JSTOR
500:Notes
422:Kalat
362:Malto
356:from
338:Kalat
334:Syria
294:Khash
281:into
243:Kalat
207:Sindh
197:brāhō
160:Brohi
158:, or
1470:Lasi
1342:Mumo
1332:Kata
1275:Lori
1265:Koli
818:Kūrd
731:ISSN
674:PMID
656:ISSN
611:ISBN
415:and
407:and
364:and
302:Merv
172:Iran
170:and
140:The
105:Iran
1337:Kom
1255:Kho
941:Kho
936:Jat
926:Dom
723:doi
719:135
664:PMC
336:to
249:to
154:),
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469:c.
462:c.
319:c.
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241:,
211:c.
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144:(
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