866:, published as a series in a literary magazine in 1907. This story was quickly picked up by others and spread rapidly through publication in a popular contemporary boxing manual, Secrets of Shaolin Boxing Methods, and the first Chinese physical culture history published in 1919. As a result, it has enjoyed vast oral circulation and is one of the most "sacred" of the narratives shared within Chinese and Chinese-derived martial arts. That this story is clearly a twentieth-century invention is confirmed by writings going back at least 250 years earlier, which mention both Bodhidharma and martial arts but make no connection between the two.
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practices. In these practices, one party attacks and the other defends or counters or stands in posture for the other party to perform the technique. In
Shaolin kung fu, in addition, two-person forms are taught. In these two-person forms, attacks and defenses are performed one after the other. Each technique is followed by its counter, and the counter by its counter, and so on. These forms ensure perfect memorization and exact transmission of the techniques from generation to generation.
40:
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1186:). Every form teaches some related tactics, which altogether shape a strategy. In Shaolin, closely related forms are coupled together, and these couples are called the small and the big forms, like the small and big hong quan, which altogether make the Shaolin hong quan style, and the small and big pao quan, etc. There are also some styles with one form, like taizu chang quan. These styles each teach a unique strategy.
1121:
2159:
736:, predates the establishment of Shaolin temple by several centuries. Since Chinese monasteries were large landed estates that made a considerable regular income, monks required some form of protection. Historical discoveries indicate that, even before the establishment of Shaolin temple, monks had been armed and also practiced martial arts. In 1784 the
968:
monastic life that the monks felt the need to justify it by creating new
Buddhist lore. References to Shaolin martial arts appear in various literary genres of the late Ming: the epitaphs of Shaolin warrior monks, martial-arts manuals, military encyclopedias, historical writings, travelogues, fiction, and even poetry.
923:
The monks of
Shaolin allied with Wang's enemy, Li Shimin, and took back the Cypress Valley Estate, defeating Wang's troops and capturing his nephew Renze. Without the fort at Cypress Valley, there was nothing to keep Li Shimin from marching on Luoyang after his defeat of Wang's ally Dou Jiande at the
919:
had bestowed the estate on a nearby monastery called
Shaolin for its monks to farm, but Wang Shichong, realizing its strategic value, seized the estate and there placed troops and a signal tower, as well as establishing a prefecture called Yuanzhou. Furthermore, he had assembled an army at Luoyang to
861:
One of the most recently invented and familiar of the
Shaolin historical narratives is a story that claims that the Indian monk Bodhidharma, the supposed founder of Chinese Chan (Zen) Buddhism, introduced boxing into the monastery as a form of exercise around a.d. 525. This story first appeared in a
994:
travelled to
Shaolin Monastery to see for himself its monks' fighting techniques, but found them disappointing. Yú returned to the south with two monks, Zongqing and Pucong, whom he taught the use of the staff over the next three years, after which Zongqing and Pucong returned to Shaolin Monastery
939:
Though the
Shaolin Monastery Stele of 728 attests to these incidents in 610 and 621 when the monks engaged in combat, it does not allude to martial training in the monastery, or to any fighting technique in which its monks specialized. Nor do any other sources from the Tang, Song and Yuan periods
967:
From the 8th to the 15th centuries, no extant source documents
Shaolin participation in combat; then the 16th and 17th centuries see at least forty extant sources attest that, not only did monks of Shaolin practice martial arts, but martial practice had become such an integral element of Shaolin
848:
as far back as the Qing dynasty have taken note of these mistakes. The scholar Ling
Tinkang (1757–1809) described the author as an "ignorant village master." Even then, the association of Bodhidharma with martial arts only became widespread as a result of the 1904–1907 serialization of the novel
1175:
In addition to techniques, kung fu styles teach tactics. Tactics govern combination of techniques for better results. Because tactics are not specific techniques, they could not specifically be pre-coded into two-person practices and forms. In
Shaolin kung fu, tactics are taught via solo forms
1166:
Kung fu teaches techniques for both defense and offense. Defensive techniques are mostly four types, dodge, block, catch, and parry, and offensive techniques are feint, hit, lock, and throw. Shaolin kung fu teaches all these types of techniques. In kung fu, techniques are taught via two-person
1091:
Not all of the monks who fought at Wengjiagang were from Shaolin, and rivalries developed among them. Zheng chronicles Tianyuan's defeat of eight rival monks from Hangzhou who challenged his command. Zheng ranked Shaolin first of the top three Buddhist centers of martial arts. Zheng ranked
1064:
The geographer Zheng Ruoceng provides the most detailed of the 16th-century sources which confirm that, in 1553, Wan Biao, Vice Commissioner in Chief of the Nanjing Chief Military Commission, initiated the conscription of monks—including some from Shaolin—against the pirates. Warrior monks
1087:
The monks won their greatest victory at Wengjiagang. On 21 July 1553, 120 warrior monks led by the Shaolin monk Tianyuan defeated a group of pirates and chased the survivors over ten days and twenty miles. The pirates suffered over one hundred casualties and the monks only four.
1470:) still maintains close ties with China's Song Shan Shaolin Temple due to historic links. Japanese Shorinji Kempo Group received recognition in China in 2003 for their financial contributions to the maintenance of the historic edifice of the Song Shan Shaolin Temple.
2130:
883:
with a strong Buddhist flavour were practiced by Shaolin monks since this time, which was later used to create more advanced Shaolin martial arts. Shaolin monks had developed very powerful martial skills, and this showed itself towards the end of the Sui dynasty.
1194:(1644–1911), Shaolin monks chose 100 of the best styles of Shaolin kung fu. Then they shortlisted the 18 most famous of them. However, every lineage of Shaolin monks have always chosen their own styles. Every style teaches unique methods for fighting (
740:
made the earliest extant reference to the Shaolin Monastery as Chinese boxing's place of origin. This is, however, a misconception, but even the fact that such a mistake could be made helps to show the historical importance of Shaolin kung fu.
206:
there is a saying, "Shaolin kung fu is the best under heaven," which indicates its superiority among martial arts, and "All martial arts under heaven originated from Shaolin," which indicates its influence on other martial arts. The name
814:
The idea that Bodhidharma founded martial arts at the Shaolin Temple was spread in the 20th century, however, this idea came from a debunked apocryphal 17th century legend that claimed Bodhidharma taught the monks philosophies of
1396:
arts in 1669. It has been since then that Shaolin has been popularly synonymous for what are considered the external Chinese martial arts, regardless of whether or not the particular style in question has any connection to the
944:, this is explained by a confluence of the late Ming fashion for military encyclopedias and, more importantly, the conscription of civilian irregulars, including monks, as a result of Ming military decline in the 16th century.
1413:
Those who practice Shaolinquan leap about with strength and force; people not proficient at this kind of training soon lose their breath and are exhausted. Taijiquan is unlike this. Strive for quiescence of body, mind and
1401:. Some say that there is no differentiation between the so-called internal and external systems of the Chinese martial arts, while other well-known teachers hold the opinion that they are different. For example, the
4249:
1478:
Several films have been produced, particularly during the 70s and early 80s, about Shaolin kung fu. Films such as 36th Chamber of Shaolin, The Shaolin Temple, and Shaolin Wooden Men. Modern films include
1189:
Shaolin kung fu has more than hundreds of extant styles. There is recorded documentation of more than a thousand extant forms, which makes Shaolin the biggest school of martial art in the world. In the
837:
via "a chain of Buddhist saints and martial heroes." The work itself is full of anachronistic mistakes and even includes a popular character from Chinese fiction, the 'Qiuran Ke' ('Bushy Bearded Hero')
1530:(1972-1974) starring David Carradine as a fugitive Shaolin monk traveling the Western United States in search of his brother helped to popularize Shaolin Kung Fu with the general American TV audience.
4095:
819:, in which the monks were then able to use these philosophies to create their own combat techniques of Shaolin kung fu. The idea of Bodhidharma influencing Shaolin boxing is based on a
4126:
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1136:
Body building exercises improve body abilities, including flexibility, balance, hardness, power, speed, and control of the body. These exercises are altogether called the
887:
Like most dynastic changes, the end of the Sui dynasty was a time of upheaval and contention for the throne. The oldest evidence of Shaolin participation in combat is a
4183:
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4389:
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and taught their brother monks what they had learned. Martial arts historian Tang Hao traced the Shaolin staff style Five Tigers Interception to Yú's teachings.
1076:
The monks suffered their greatest defeat at Taozhai, where four of them fell in battle; their remains were buried under the Stūpa of the Four Heroic Monks (
4193:
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2020:
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third. The Funiu monks practiced staff techniques which they had learned at the Shaolin Monastery. The Wutai monks practiced Yang Family Spear (楊家槍;
4224:
833:
in 1624, but claimed to have discovered it. The first of two prefaces of the manual traces this succession from Bodhidharma to the Chinese general
4239:
2078:
1002:
was written in around 1610 and published in 1621 from what its author Chéng Zōngyóu learned during a more than ten-year stay at the monastery.
879:(581–618), the building blocks of Shaolin kung fu took an official form, and Shaolin monks began to create fighting systems of their own. The
730:
and other sources document the existence of martial arts in China for thousands of years. For example, the Chinese martial art of wrestling,
784:), both had exceptional martial skills. For example, Sengchou's skill with the tin staff and empty-hand strikes is even documented in the
700:
211:
is also used as a brand for the so-called external styles of kung fu. Many styles in southern and northern China use the name Shaolin.
4364:
2191:
1687:
4410:
1208:. To learn a complete system, Shaolin monks master a number of styles and weapons. The most famous styles of Shaolin kung fu are:
1516:. They are one of the two roles to use martial arts skills, with monks having the most powerful martial arts skills in the game.
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from 728 that attests to two occasions: a defense of the monastery from bandits around 610 and their role in the defeat of
3838:
907:. Overlooking Luoyang on Mount Huanyuan was the Cypress Valley Estate, which had served as the site of a fort during the
279:
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3482:
2446:
1723:
1664:
Canzonieri, Salvatore (February–March 1998). "History of Chinese Martial arts: Jin Dynasty to the Period of Disunity".
269:
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1996:
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4198:
3971:
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3296:
2489:
239:
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Shahar, Meir (2000). "Epigraphy, Buddhist Historiography, and Fighting Monks: The Case of The Shaolin Monastery".
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4044:
2219:
1329:
17:
2012:
4515:
4443:
4433:
4369:
3904:
3430:
2224:
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Henning, Stanley (1999b). "Martial arts Myths of Shaolin Monastery, Part I: The Giant with the Flaming Staff".
1158:), including techniques, tactics, and strategies for barehanded, weapon, and barehanded vs. weapon situations.
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4510:
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979:, and with the weapon that was the forte of the Shaolin monks and for which they had become famous, the
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880:
223:
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2082:
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4157:
3509:
686:
545:
297:
1964:
Woolidge, Doug (June 1997). "T'AI CHI The International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan Vol. 21 No. 3".
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259:
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776:) by the Chinese. There are historical records that Batuo's first Chinese disciples, Huiguang (
568:
1765:
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2536:
2519:
2514:
2441:
2397:
2350:
1790:
Henning, Stan; Green, Tom (2001). "Folklore in the Martial Arts". In Green, Thomas A. (ed.).
929:
908:
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387:
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4263:
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2200:
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1501:. His Pao Chui, Choy Lay Fut, Monkey Fist, and Dragon moves derive from Shaolin kung fu.
1300:
8:
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delta at Wengjiagang in July 1553, Majiabang in spring 1554, and Taozhai in autumn 1555.
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550:
71:
61:
1638:
Art of Shaolin Kung Fu: The Secrets of Kung Fu for Self-Defense Health and Enlightenment
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contributed to the development of martial arts. Meir Shahar lists the martial arts
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662:
634:
422:
382:
231:
203:
134:
1850:
Shahar, Meir (December 2001). "Ming-Period Evidence of Shaolin Martial Practice".
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The Shaolin Grandmaster's Text: History, Philosophy, and Gung Fu of Shaolin Ch'an.
1009:—where the Shaolin Monastery is located—and surrounding provinces during the late
4415:
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3011:
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2881:
2846:
2589:
2584:
2270:
1583:
Henning, Stanley E. (Fall 1999). "Academia Encounters the Chinese Martial arts".
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in Henan province. The first monk who preached Buddhism there was the monk named
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317:
302:
2105:"China's State-level Friendship Award Given to Shorinji Kempo Group Chairperson"
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in 621. Wang Shichong declared himself Emperor. He controlled the territory of
442:
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1951:
Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I
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1973:
1903:
Exposition of the Original Shaolin Staff Method 少林棍法闡宗 Shàolín Gùnfǎ Chǎnzōng
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King" form as the progenitor of their staff and bare hand fighting styles.
619:
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187:
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in the folklore. However the actual exercises are not actually countable.
39:
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manual written during the 17th century. This is when a Taoist with the
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417:
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322:
1716:
The Shaolin Monastery: History, Religion, and the Chinese Martial Arts
1620:
Boxing Classic: Essential Boxing Methods 拳經拳法備要 Quánjīng Quánfǎ Bèiyào
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2800:
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1505:
1440:
1402:
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described martial arts in terms of Shaolin or "external" arts versus
1128:
There is a famous saying that kung fu trains both the body and mind.
1022:
952:
477:
3816:
2786:
1863:
1546:
Canzonieri, Salvatore. "The Emergence of the Chinese Martial arts".
1504:
Shaolin monks (referred to simply as "monks" in-game) appear in the
948:
and documentary evidence shows the monks historically worshiped the
4322:
4074:
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3920:
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countries cite Chinese influence as transmitted by Buddhist monks.
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991:
824:
487:
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327:
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2045:. 10 December 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017
1858:(2). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 61, No. 2: 359–413.
1676:
3739:
3694:
3629:
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3186:
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3001:
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2713:
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1925:
Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii
1773:
Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii
1563:
Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii
1513:
1509:
1436:
1018:
956:
928:, forcing Wang Shichong to surrender. Li Shimin's father was the
904:
520:
497:
472:
407:
372:
362:
357:
342:
129:
107:
1486:
Shaolin has influenced numerous rappers, notably the members of
1120:
182:), is the largest and most famous style of kung fu. It combines
3940:
3749:
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3574:
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1061:'s eastern and southeastern coasts on an unprecedented scale.
936:. Thereafter Shaolin enjoyed the royal patronage of the Tang.
3930:
3382:
3134:
2926:
2901:
1432:
1097:
1093:
1058:
1053:
1006:
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were travelling to Shaolin to study its fighting techniques.
975:
period, refer to Shaolin methods of combat unarmed, with the
945:
888:
804:
759:
467:
462:
367:
332:
199:
195:
111:
89:
4375:
North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
3744:
3699:
3624:
3584:
2836:
2796:
2738:
2681:
2609:
2345:
2250:
1523:, the practice of "firebending" is based on Shaolin moves.
672:
871:
Sui and Tang dynasties (581–907 AD): Shaolin soldier monks
983:. By the mid-16th century military experts from all over
940:
allude to military training at the temple. According to
4390:
Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management
3021:
1989:
Okinawan Karate: Teachers, Styles and Secret Techniques
1261:
7-star & Long Guard the Heart and Mind Gate style (
1033:
as originating from this region and this time period.
713:
1663:
1617:
1900:
1766:"The Chinese Martial Arts in Historical Perspective"
1743:. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. pp. 87–88.
1248:) known as the son of the styles, and the big form (
998:The earliest extant manual on Shaolin kung fu, the
1418:
1560:
1427:have oral traditions that claim Shaolin origins.
44:Two fighters practicing kung fu in Shaolin Temple
4502:
2063:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1915:
1450:Recent developments in the 20th century such as
1378:
799:is traditionally credited as the transmitter of
2079:"Shorinji Kempo 50th Anniversary Commemoration"
1000:Exposition of the Original Shaolin Staff Method
1465:
1455:
1065:participated in at least four battles: at the
827:'Purple Coagulation Man of the Way' wrote the
754:In 495 AD, Shaolin temple was built among the
724:Bibliographies in the Book of the Han Dynasty,
3832:
2405:
2185:
1493:Shaolin kung fu is one of the styles used by
971:These sources, in contrast to those from the
839:
749:
694:
4250:Zhengzhou Yellow River National Wetland Park
1849:
1807:
1789:
745:Southern and Northern dynasties (420–589 AD)
962:
3839:
3825:
2412:
2398:
2192:
2178:
1845:
1843:
1792:Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia
1342:): known as the most representative style,
791:
701:
687:
4365:Henan University of Finance and Economics
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1803:
1801:
1718:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
1650:Order of the Shaolin Ch'an (2004, 2006).
1578:
1576:
4411:Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport
2199:
2043:"Cheena di | Martial Arts Database"
1963:
1957:
1909:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1119:
738:Boxing Classic: Essential Boxing Methods
3404:
2097:
1948:
1942:
1916:Henning, Stanley (Autumn–Winter 1994).
1894:
1763:
1611:
1582:
14:
4503:
4439:Zhengzhou Hangkonggang railway station
4380:Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
4355:PLA Information Engineering University
2131:"Shaolin, the Influence - Video Games"
2071:
1986:
1980:
1820:
1798:
1713:
1657:
1573:
1554:
1545:
1268:qī xīng & cháng hù xīn yì mén quán
1204:) and keeping health via one or a few
720:Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue
3846:
3820:
3403:
2464:
2393:
2173:
1702:
1684:"Shaolin Kung fu's Indian Connection"
1631:
1629:
1539:
1473:
4385:Henan University of Chinese Medicine
1355:): known as the most graceful style,
1258:) known as the mother of the styles,
1161:
920:march on the Shaolin Temple itself.
807:, and regarded as its first Chinese
1738:
1732:
1635:
1519:In the Nickelodeon animated series
1284:): known as the king of the styles,
811:. In Japan, he is known as Daruma.
714:Chinese martial arts before Shaolin
280:Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
24:
4395:Zhongyuan University of Technology
4096:Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Area
2465:
2023:from the original on 30 April 2018
1852:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
1644:
1626:
1124:Shaolin monks demonstrate kung fu.
238:
25:
4532:
4163:Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza
4060:Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory
3332:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
2151:
1918:"Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan"
1794:. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.
1143:
1131:
718:Chinese historical records, like
202:during its 1500-year history. In
3979:
3970:
3800:
3790:
3297:Historical European martial arts
2419:
2371:
2157:
1170:
38:
4486:
4168:Yuda International Trade Center
3801:
2220:Professional wrestling in China
2123:
2035:
2005:
1783:
1757:
1419:Influence on other martial arts
1316:Facing & Bright Sun style (
875:During the short period of the
728:Records of the Grand Historian,
4444:Zhengzhou West railway station
4434:Zhengzhou East railway station
4370:Henan University of Technology
4070:Mausoleums of the Song dynasty
3905:Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone
2225:Styles of Chinese martial arts
1618:Zhāng Kǒngzhāo 張孔昭 (c. 1784).
1367:
1351:
1338:
1322:
1309:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1221:
1200:
1182:
1154:
932:and Shimin himself became its
768:
592:Buddhist architecture in China
178:
164:
147:
13:
1:
4360:Henan Agricultural University
1901:Chéng Zōngyóu 程宗猷 (c. 1621).
1533:
1379:Internal and external kung fu
1225:): known as the oldest style.
1047:From the 1540s to the 1560s,
1005:Conditions of lawlessness in
658:Buddhist Association of China
4450:Major roads and expressways
2215:List of Chinese martial arts
1345:Emperor's Long-range style (
911:and a commandery during the
855:Illustrated Fiction Magazine
7:
4488:
1115:
903:and the ancient capital of
190:. It was developed in the
10:
4537:
4084:Mountains and scenic areas
4035:Zhengzhou Confucius Temple
4014:Geological Museum of Henan
1585:China Review International
1521:Avatar: The Last Airbender
1069:in spring 1553 and in the
1040:
1036:
750:Shaolin temple established
214:
4484:
4429:Zhengzhou railway station
4403:
4336:
4295:
4262:
4212:
4176:
4158:Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza
4136:Landmarks and skyscrapers
4135:
4104:
4083:
4022:
3996:
3989:
3967:
3949:
3913:
3862:
3855:
3786:
3723:
3678:
3608:
3563:
3493:
3414:
3410:
3399:
3345:
3277:
3215:
3120:
3062:
3020:
2892:
2777:
2729:
2672:
2555:
2475:
2471:
2460:
2427:
2369:
2321:
2305:
2289:
2233:
2207:
1991:. A&C Black, London.
1968:. Wayfarer Publications.
1764:Henning, Stanley (1994).
1741:The Chinese Knight Errant
1466:
1456:
1362:
1346:
1333:
1323:cháo & zhāo yáng quán
1317:
1304:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1216:
1195:
1177:
1149:
840:
781:
777:
773:
763:
173:
159:
138:
117:
103:
95:
85:
67:
57:
49:
37:
4296:Culture and demographics
4177:Shopping areas and malls
3856:Administrative divisions
1931:(3): 1–7. Archived from
1739:Liu, James J.Y. (1967).
1287:Penetrating-Arms style (
1238:): with the small form (
963:Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
864:The Travels of Lao T'san
851:The Travels of Lao Ts'an
844:), as a lineage master.
772:), simply called Batuo (
260:Buddhism in Central Asia
4287:1938 Yellow River flood
4184:Dehua Pedestrian Street
3529:Former official sports
2957:Northern Praying Mantis
2532:Mainland Southeast Asia
1953:. North Atlantic Books.
1636:Kit, Wong Kiew (2002).
1460:) practised in Japan's
1375:and many other styles.
1021:, Chang Family Boxing,
830:Sinews Changing Classic
792:Bodhidharma's influence
4148:Emperors Yan and Huang
4116:Zhengzhou Ferris Wheel
4112:Century Amusement Park
3368:Professional wrestling
3035:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
2336:Dao (Chinese sword)shu
1949:Francis, B.K. (1998).
1416:
1125:
868:
786:Chinese Buddhist canon
569:Chinese Buddhist canon
270:Silk Road transmission
244:
4516:Buddhist martial arts
3464:Demonstration sports
2351:Nanquan (martial art)
1987:Bishop, Mark (1989).
1714:Shahar, Meir (2008).
1597:10.1353/cri.1999.0020
1411:
1123:
859:
242:
4511:Chinese martial arts
4459:Jingguang Expressway
4351:(Longzi Lake Campus)
4344:Zhengzhou University
4065:Kangbaiwan's Mansion
4030:Zhengzhou Shang City
3724:Martial arts at the
3679:Martial arts at the
3609:Martial arts at the
3564:Martial arts at the
3544:Invitational sports
3494:Martial arts at the
3415:Martial arts at the
3337:Pencak Silat Harimau
3175:Pencak Silat Harimau
3107:Submission wrestling
2812:Luta Livre esportiva
2201:Chinese martial arts
2166:at Wikimedia Commons
2135:depts.washington.edu
1938:on 23 February 2011.
1080:) at Mount She near
881:18 methods of Luohan
275:Dunhuang manuscripts
96:Famous practitioners
4493:Not formal division
4143:Erqi Memorial Tower
4127:Fantawild Dreamland
4122:Fantawild Adventure
3914:County-level cities
3405:International games
3087:Full contact karate
3077:Professional boxing
2792:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
2379:Portal:Martial arts
2208:Practical grappling
2019:. 20 January 2017.
1043:Jiajing wokou raids
551:Humanistic Buddhism
34:
27:Chinese martial art
4454:Longhai Expressway
4075:Dahuting Han Tombs
3900:Zhengdong New Area
3567:Pan American Games
3244:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
3155:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
3092:Mixed martial arts
2234:Practical striking
1690:on 29 October 2020
1526:The ABC TV series
1474:In popular culture
1301:Plum Blossom style
1126:
1112:: Yángjiā qiāng).
930:first Tang Emperor
917:Emperor Wen of Sui
640:White Horse Temple
245:
32:
4521:Shaolin Monastery
4498:
4497:
4464:Nongye Expressway
4425:Railway stations
4277:Peiligang culture
4258:
4257:
4040:Shaolin Monastery
3965:
3964:
3814:
3813:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3358:Martial arts film
2387:
2386:
2276:Throw (grappling)
2162:Media related to
1462:Sohonzan Shorinji
1423:Some lineages of
1399:Shaolin Monastery
1274:Explosive style (
1222:luóhàn shíbā shǒu
1162:Combat Techniques
846:Scholar-officials
711:
710:
546:Esoteric Buddhism
243:Chinese: "Buddha"
125:
124:
86:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
4528:
4492:
4469:Zhongzhou Avenue
4349:Henan University
4282:Battle of Guandu
4272:Erligang culture
4245:Garden Expo Park
4023:Historical sites
4009:Zhengzhou Museum
3994:
3993:
3983:
3974:
3860:
3859:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3804:
3803:
3794:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3400:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2461:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2375:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2161:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2111:on 12 March 2007
2107:. Archived from
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2081:. Archived from
2075:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:"Shaolin kungfu"
2009:
2003:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1847:
1818:
1817:
1812:. Third Series.
1805:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1686:. Archived from
1680:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1469:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1369:
1364:
1353:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1306:
1295:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1213:Arhat's 18 hands
1202:
1197:
1184:
1179:
1156:
1151:
843:
842:
783:
780:) and Sengchou (
779:
775:
770:
765:
703:
696:
689:
635:Tiantai Mountain
574:Taishō Tripiṭaka
423:Hongzhi Zhengjue
232:Chinese Buddhism
219:
218:
204:Chinese folklore
180:
175:
166:
161:
149:
140:
42:
35:
31:
21:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4480:
4416:Zhengzhou Metro
4399:
4332:
4303:Shaolin kung fu
4291:
4254:
4235:Zijingshan Park
4208:
4172:
4153:Zhongyuan Tower
4131:
4100:
4079:
4018:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3961:
3945:
3909:
3851:
3845:
3815:
3810:
3774:
3725:
3719:
3680:
3674:
3610:
3604:
3565:
3559:
3495:
3489:
3418:Summer Olympics
3416:
3406:
3387:
3341:
3273:
3211:
3125:
3116:
3067:
3058:
3016:
3012:Yoshukai Karate
2972:Shaolin kung fu
2888:
2773:
2749:Practice weapon
2725:
2668:
2558:
2551:
2477:Regional origin
2467:
2456:
2423:
2418:
2388:
2383:
2365:
2317:
2301:
2285:
2271:Shadowless kick
2229:
2203:
2198:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1985:
1981:
1962:
1958:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1899:
1895:
1864:10.2307/3558572
1848:
1821:
1806:
1799:
1788:
1784:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1645:
1634:
1627:
1616:
1612:
1581:
1574:
1559:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1476:
1445:Southeast Asian
1421:
1381:
1352:tàizǔ chángquán
1263:七星 & 长护心意门拳
1173:
1164:
1148:Combat skills (
1146:
1134:
1118:
1045:
1039:
1013:and all of the
965:
926:Battle of Hulao
897:Battle of Hulao
873:
862:popular novel,
794:
752:
747:
716:
707:
678:
677:
653:
645:
644:
605:
597:
596:
587:
579:
578:
564:
556:
555:
511:
503:
502:
293:
285:
284:
255:
217:
151:), also called
45:
33:Shaolin kung fu
28:
23:
22:
18:Shaolin Kung Fu
15:
12:
11:
5:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4496:
4495:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4230:Lücheng Square
4227:
4225:Bishagang Park
4222:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4204:Grand Emporium
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4055:Songyue Pagoda
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3727:European Games
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3473:Pistol dueling
3470:
3462:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3302:Huiyen Lallong
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3259:Shorinji Kempo
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3229:American Kenpo
3225:
3223:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Russian boxing
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2709:Ranged weapons
2706:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2697:Stick-fighting
2694:
2692:Knife fighting
2684:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2466:Classification
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:List of styles
2428:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:Punch (combat)
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2153:
2152:External links
2150:
2148:
2147:
2122:
2096:
2085:on 8 July 2006
2070:
2034:
2004:
1997:
1979:
1956:
1941:
1908:
1893:
1819:
1797:
1782:
1756:
1749:
1731:
1725:978-0824831103
1724:
1701:
1675:
1656:
1643:
1625:
1610:
1591:(2): 319–332.
1572:
1553:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1481:Shaolin Soccer
1475:
1472:
1452:Shorinji Kempo
1431:traditions in
1420:
1417:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1356:
1343:
1327:
1314:
1298:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1226:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1145:
1144:Mind exercises
1142:
1133:
1132:Body exercises
1130:
1117:
1114:
1038:
1035:
964:
961:
872:
869:
793:
790:
756:Song mountains
751:
748:
746:
743:
715:
712:
709:
708:
706:
705:
698:
691:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
576:
571:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
443:Hanshan Deqing
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
388:Śubhakarasiṃha
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
256:
251:
250:
247:
246:
235:
234:
228:
227:
216:
213:
192:Shaolin Temple
184:Zen philosophy
148:Shǎolín gōngfū
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4533:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4491:
4490:
4483:
4475:
4474:3rd Ring Road
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4421:Zhengzhou BRT
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Henan cuisine
4316:
4314:
4313:Henan dialect
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4240:Zhengzhou Zoo
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4220:People's Park
4218:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:Fawang Temple
4048:
4046:
4045:Pagoda Forest
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3973:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3682:African Games
3677:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3402:
3398:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Fighting game
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:Entertainment
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Krabi–krabong
3315:
3313:
3312:Kalaripayattu
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Shootfighting
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3069:combat sports
3065:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Tien Shan Pai
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Choi Kwang-Do
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Pushing hands
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2702:Swordsmanship
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2687:Melee weapons
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2452:Hard and soft
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:Qiang (spear)
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2323:Wushu (sport)
2320:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:Sanda (sport)
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2281:Wushu stances
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Pushing hands
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2044:
2038:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2000:
1998:0-7136-5666-2
1994:
1990:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:(in Chinese).
1904:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1750:0-2264-8688-5
1746:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1666:Han Wei Wushu
1660:
1653:
1647:
1639:
1632:
1630:
1622:(in Chinese).
1621:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1549:
1548:Han Wei Wushu
1542:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1512:, along with
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:Mortal Kombat
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:and Shaolin.
1482:
1471:
1463:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1360:
1359:Drunken style
1357:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1315:
1312:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1286:
1283:
1273:
1270:
1260:
1257:
1247:
1245:xiǎo hóngquán
1237:
1228:Flood style (
1227:
1224:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1171:Combat Styles
1168:
1159:
1157:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:Si yi seng ta
1074:
1072:
1071:Huangpu River
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
969:
960:
958:
954:
951:
947:
943:
937:
935:
931:
927:
921:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:Wang Shichong
890:
885:
882:
878:
867:
865:
858:
856:
852:
847:
836:
832:
831:
826:
822:
818:
817:Chan Buddhism
812:
810:
806:
802:
801:Chan Buddhism
798:
789:
787:
771:
769:Fótuóbátuóluó
761:
757:
742:
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
721:
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
685:
684:
682:
681:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
649:
648:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
601:
600:
593:
590:
589:
583:
582:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
560:
559:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
507:
506:
499:
496:
494:
493:Nan Huai-Chin
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Dahui Zonggao
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Daman Hongren
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
292:Major figures
289:
288:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:Dharmaguptaka
263:
261:
258:
257:
254:
249:
248:
241:
237:
236:
233:
230:
229:
225:
221:
220:
212:
210:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
171:
167:
165:Shǎolín wǔshù
157:
156:
150:
144:
136:
132:
131:
120:
118:Olympic sport
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
99:Shaolin monks
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
80:light-contact
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:Shaolin wushu
52:
50:Also known as
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4487:
4337:Universities
4302:
4213:Public parks
4004:Henan Museum
3663:Pencak silat
3373:Stage combat
3327:Mardani khel
3249:Jeet Kune Do
3207:Silat Melayu
3170:Pencak silat
3122:Self-defense
3064:Full contact
3051:
3039:
2977:Shoot boxing
2971:
2917:Chess boxing
2817:Malla-yuddha
2754:Punching bag
2744:Boxing glove
2601:Leg strikes
2580:Elbow strike
2566:Arm strikes
2421:Martial arts
2377:
2376:
2256:Leopard Blow
2164:Shaolin quan
2138:. Retrieved
2134:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:the original
2073:
2047:. Retrieved
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2017:www.shine.cn
2016:
2007:
1988:
1982:
1965:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1933:the original
1928:
1924:
1911:
1902:
1896:
1855:
1851:
1813:
1809:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1772:
1759:
1740:
1734:
1715:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1678:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1637:
1619:
1613:
1588:
1584:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1497:protagonist
1492:
1488:Wu Tang Clan
1485:
1477:
1461:
1449:
1443:and certain
1429:Martial arts
1422:
1412:
1392:
1384:Huang Zongxi
1382:
1374:
1366:
1350:
1337:
1321:
1308:
1292:
1279:
1266:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1220:
1199:
1192:Qing dynasty
1188:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1153:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1067:Hangzhou Bay
1063:
1052:
1046:
1015:Qing dynasty
1011:Ming dynasty
1004:
999:
997:
990:Around 1560
989:
973:Tang dynasty
970:
966:
938:
922:
886:
874:
863:
860:
854:
850:
828:
813:
795:
767:
760:Buddhabhadra
753:
737:
731:
727:
723:
719:
717:
668:Martial arts
620:Mount Jiuhua
604:Sacred Sites
586:Architecture
458:Miyun Yuanwu
208:
188:martial arts
177:
170:Shaolin quan
169:
163:
152:
146:
127:
126:
76:semi-contact
72:Full-contact
29:
4189:David Plaza
4105:Theme parks
3990:Attractions
3612:Asian Games
3497:World Games
3459:Greco-Roman
3279:Battlefield
3239:Chun Kuk Do
3182:Suffrajitsu
2992:Tang Soo Do
2867:Greco-Roman
2620:Knee strike
2537:Philippines
2341:Gun (staff)
1816:(2): 15–36.
1407:Wu Jianquan
1330:Arhat style
1255:dà hóngquán
1102:Mount Wutai
1100:second and
1027:Xingyi quan
950:Bodhisattva
942:Meir Shahar
913:Southern Qi
877:Sui dynasty
797:Bodhidharma
625:Mount Putuo
610:Mount Wutai
483:Yang Wenhui
403:Bodhidharma
398:Amoghavajra
318:Dharmakṣema
179:Shàolínquán
4505:Categories
4328:Henan F.C.
4091:Mount Song
3654:2018 Only
3515:Kickboxing
3269:Qwan Ki Do
3197:To-Shin Do
3127:combatives
3097:Pankration
3082:Kickboxing
3053:Xingyiquan
3041:Baguazhang
3007:Wudangquan
2937:Kickboxing
2832:Shuai jiao
2642:Joint lock
2559:techniques
2313:Shuai jiao
2306:Techniques
2246:Joint lock
1810:Asia Major
1534:References
1414:intention.
1339:luóhànquán
1318:朝&昭 阳拳
1310:méihuāquán
1294:tōngbìquán
1041:See also:
985:Ming China
733:Shuai Jiao
615:Mount Emei
510:Traditions
453:Ouyi Zhixu
418:Mazu Daoyi
393:Vajrabodhi
323:Paramartha
303:Kumārajīva
104:Parenthood
4404:Transport
3885:Guancheng
3870:Zhongyuan
3863:Districts
3849:Zhengzhou
3770:Wrestling
3765:Taekwondo
3715:Wrestling
3710:Taekwondo
3645:Wrestling
3640:Taekwondo
3600:Wrestling
3595:Taekwondo
3538:Taekwondo
3520:Muay Thai
3455:freestyle
3451:Wrestling
3446:Taekwondo
3322:Krav Maga
3234:Angampora
3202:Wing Chun
3160:Krav Maga
3150:Kajukenbo
3112:Vale Tudo
2987:Taekwondo
2952:Muay Thai
2942:Kun Khmer
2872:Mongolian
2862:freestyle
2842:Wrestling
2801:Para judo
2779:Grappling
2632:Grappling
2570:Chokehold
2500:Indonesia
2331:Changquan
2140:13 August
1974:0730-1049
1872:0073-0548
1779:(3): 1–7.
1605:1069-5834
1506:roguelike
1467:金剛禅総本山少林寺
1441:Sri Lanka
1403:Taijiquan
1051:known as
1023:Baguaquan
953:Vajrapani
809:patriarch
531:Pure Land
478:Hsuan Hua
383:Chengguan
298:Lokakṣema
4323:Hui mian
4308:Yu Opera
4194:The MixC
3936:Dengfeng
3926:Xinzheng
3921:Xingyang
3895:Shangjie
3847:City of
3755:Muaythai
3505:Ju-jitsu
3378:Tricking
3362:Chanbara
3264:Unifight
3217:Eclectic
3192:Taekkyon
3140:Bartitsu
3022:Internal
2912:Capoeira
2894:Striking
2822:Pehlwani
2769:Sparring
2731:Training
2719:Shooting
2664:Stand-up
2652:Takedown
2605:Footwork
2595:Headbutt
2557:Unarmed
2442:Timeline
2059:cite web
2049:30 April
2027:30 April
2021:Archived
1966:T'ai Chi
1888:91180380
1499:Liu Kang
1405:teacher
1393:internal
1235:hóngquán
1116:Contents
1082:Shanghai
1031:bajiquan
992:Yu Dayou
825:pen name
630:Mount Lu
488:Yin Shun
448:Zhu Hong
338:Woncheuk
328:Xuanzang
308:Sengzhao
224:a series
222:Part of
153:Shaolin
128:Shaolin
68:Hardness
4264:History
3997:Museums
3957:Zhongmu
3875:Jinshui
3806:Outline
3740:Fencing
3695:Fencing
3630:Jujutsu
3580:Fencing
3431:Fencing
3307:Jujutsu
3292:Bokator
3287:Banshay
3221:hybrids
3187:Systema
3145:Hapkido
3047:Tai chi
3002:Vovinam
2947:Lethwei
2852:Cornish
2807:Jujutsu
2764:Randori
2714:Archery
2674:Weapons
2547:Vietnam
2520:Okinawa
2510:Ireland
2505:Italian
2447:Records
2437:History
2361:Tai chi
2241:Chin Na
1880:3558572
1654:Oregon.
1528:Kung Fu
1514:samurai
1510:NetHack
1368:zuìquán
1281:pàoquán
1138:72 arts
1057:raided
1049:pirates
1037:Pirates
1019:tai chi
957:Kinnara
905:Luoyang
895:at the
835:Li Jing
663:Cuisine
652:Culture
521:Tiantai
498:Nenghai
473:Hsu Yun
408:Huineng
373:Zhanran
363:Shandao
358:Daochuo
353:Tanluan
348:Huiyuan
343:Daoxuan
253:History
215:History
209:Shaolin
135:Chinese
130:kung fu
108:kung fu
4199:CityOn
3950:County
3941:Gongyi
3796:Portal
3750:Karate
3735:Boxing
3705:Karate
3690:Boxing
3658:Kurash
3635:Karate
3620:Boxing
3590:Karate
3575:Boxing
3548:Aikido
3510:Karate
3483:Savate
3441:Karate
3426:Boxing
3254:Shooto
3030:Aikido
2982:Savate
2932:Karate
2907:Boxing
2787:Barróg
2615:Flying
2590:Ground
2585:Clinch
2542:Russia
2490:Europe
2290:Styles
2115:25 May
2089:25 May
1995:
1972:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1747:
1722:
1694:15 May
1603:
1425:karate
1388:Wudang
1155:quánfǎ
1110:pinyin
1106:Shanxi
934:second
821:Qigong
722:, the
541:Sanlun
536:Weishi
526:Huayan
438:Zongmi
378:Fazang
313:Jizang
168:), or
145::
143:pinyin
137::
62:Hybrid
3931:Xinmi
3890:Huiji
3760:Sambo
3668:Sambo
3650:Wushu
3553:Wushu
3533:Sambo
3478:Glima
3383:Wuxia
3165:MCMAP
3135:Arnis
2967:Sanda
2927:Dambe
2902:Bando
2882:shoot
2847:catch
2827:Sambo
2657:Throw
2647:Sweep
2625:Stomp
2575:Punch
2527:Korea
2515:Japan
2495:India
2485:China
1936:(PDF)
1921:(PDF)
1884:S2CID
1876:JSTOR
1769:(PDF)
1550:(23).
1508:game
1457:少林寺拳法
1437:Korea
1433:Japan
1217:罗汉十八手
1206:forms
1201:sàndǎ
1183:tàolù
1098:Henan
1094:Funiu
1059:China
1054:wokou
1007:Henan
981:staff
977:spear
946:Stele
901:Zheng
889:stele
805:China
764:佛陀跋陀罗
563:Texts
468:Tanxu
463:Taixu
433:Linji
368:Zhiyi
333:Kuiji
200:China
196:Henan
155:Wushu
112:wushu
90:China
58:Focus
3880:Erqi
3745:Judo
3700:Judo
3625:Judo
3585:Judo
3525:Sumo
3468:Budō
3436:Judo
2857:folk
2837:Sumo
2797:Judo
2739:Kata
2682:Duel
2637:Hold
2610:Kick
2346:Jian
2251:Kick
2142:2023
2117:2006
2091:2006
2065:link
2051:2018
2029:2018
1993:ISBN
1970:ISSN
1868:ISSN
1745:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1696:2020
1672:(9).
1601:ISSN
1569:(1).
1347:太祖长拳
1029:and
955:'s "
726:the
673:Diyu
516:Chan
186:and
160:少林武術
139:少林功夫
2877:oil
1860:doi
1593:doi
1390:or
1334:罗汉拳
1305:梅花拳
1289:通臂拳
1250:大洪拳
1240:小洪拳
1104:in
1096:in
909:Jin
853:in
841:虬髯客
803:to
194:in
174:少林拳
4507::
4489:^*
3457:,
3219:/
2133:.
2061:}}
2057:{{
2015:.
1927:.
1923:.
1882:.
1874:.
1866:.
1856:61
1854:.
1822:^
1814:13
1800:^
1775:.
1771:.
1704:^
1668:.
1628:^
1599:.
1587:.
1575:^
1565:.
1490:.
1439:,
1435:,
1409::
1371:),
1365:;
1363:醉拳
1349:;
1336:;
1326:),
1320:;
1313:),
1307:;
1297:),
1291:;
1278:;
1276:炮拳
1271:),
1265:;
1252:;
1242:;
1232:;
1230:洪拳
1219:;
1198:;
1196:散打
1180:;
1178:套路
1152:;
1150:拳法
1084:.
1025:,
915:.
857::
788:.
782:僧稠
778:慧光
774:跋陀
766:;
226:on
198:,
176:;
162:;
141:;
121:No
110:,
78:,
74:,
4118:)
4114:(
3840:e
3833:t
3826:v
3461:)
3453:(
3364:)
3360:(
3124:/
3066:/
2803:)
2799:(
2413:e
2406:t
2399:v
2193:e
2186:t
2179:v
2144:.
2119:.
2093:.
2067:)
2053:.
2031:.
2001:.
1976:.
1929:2
1890:.
1862::
1777:2
1753:.
1728:.
1698:.
1670:3
1640:.
1607:.
1595::
1589:6
1567:5
1464:(
1454:(
1361:(
1332:(
1303:(
1215:(
1176:(
838:(
762:(
702:e
695:t
688:v
172:(
158:(
133:(
20:)
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