896:
511:
42:
2107:
882:
793:
1446:
425:. Later, records within the Achaemenid Empire (539–333 BC) give ranges from a minimum of two shekels per month for unskilled labour, to as high as seven to ten shekels per month in some records. A subsistence wage for an urban household during the Persian period would have required at least 22 shekels of income per year.
412:
As with many ancient units, the shekel had a variety of values depending on the era, government and region; weights between 7 and 17 grams and values of 11, 14, and 17 grams are common. A two-shekel weight recently recovered near the temple area in
Jerusalem and dated to the period of the First
533:
into the Temple treasury, for the upkeep and maintenance of the Temple precincts, as also used in purchasing public animal offerings. This practice not only applied to Jews living in the
413:
Temple weighs 23 grams, giving a weight of 11.5 grams per shekel in Israel during the monarchy. When used to pay labourers, recorded wages in the ancient world range widely. The
409:. Early coins were money stamped with an official seal to certify their weight. Silver ingots, some with markings were issued. Later authorities decided who designed coins.
342:
The earliest shekels were a unit of weight, used as other units such as grams and troy ounces for trading before the advent of coins. The shekel was common among western
1471:
1158:
648:
during the mid-4th century BC. It was associated with the payment of
Carthage's mercenary armies and was repeatedly devalued over the course of each of the
1240:
1676:
1216:
Economics in
Persian-Period Biblical Texts: Their Interactions with Economic Developments in the Persian Period and Earlier Biblical Traditions
644:
was typically around 7.2 grams in silver and 7.5 grams in gold (suggesting an exchange rate of 12:1). It was apparently first developed in
417:(circa 1800 BC) sets the value of unskilled labour at approximately ten shekels per year of work, confirmed in Israelite law by comparing
1952:
502:
and defined as weighed, shares a common root with the word shekel and may even additionally attest to its original usage as a weight.
2295:
910:
146:
1224:
1197:
418:
680:
or no coinage except when paying mercenary armies and for most of the coins to circulate in Iberia, Sardinia, and Sicily.
1589:
1386:
1860:
1478:
2427:
1122:
1005:
983:
652:. The amount and quality of this currency however increased as a result of the Carthaginian Empire's expansion into
2089:
1801:
1796:
1746:
1427:
519:
1945:
1756:
471:, whenever a census of the Israelites was to be conducted, every person that was counted was required to pay the
422:
1319:
Horvat Ethri — A Jewish
Village from the Second Temple Period and the Bar Kokhba Revolt in the Judean Foothills
722:
718:
2442:
2246:
2151:
1609:
926:
2452:
2352:
1751:
1736:
1172:
546:
1776:
1321:, Journal of Jewish Studies 60 (1), Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, London 2009, pp. 96; 118.
330:
The term "shekel" has been used for a unit of weight, around 9.6 or 9.8 grams (0.31 or 0.32 ozt), used in
2437:
1914:
1791:
592:
1058:
1938:
1057:
Bronson, Bennet (November 1976), "Cash, Cannon, and Cowrie Shells: The
Nonmodern Moneys of the World",
596:
476:
453:
445:
1656:
1604:
615:
449:
433:
2335:
2273:
1686:
1425:
Girardin, Michaël (2024). "Le demi-sicle, de Moïse au fiscus
Iudaicus. Histoire d’une téléologie."
1274:
514:
Shekel from the First Jewish–Roman War with the legend לגאלת ציון, "To the redemption of Zion", in
1903:
1599:
1584:
1450:
1406:
1304:
1257:
714:
604:
457:
30:
This article is about the ancient currency. For the present currency of the State of Israel, see
705:. Owing to the relative purity of its silver, it became the preferred medium of payment for the
2447:
2394:
2323:
2283:
1831:
1711:
848:
114:
17:
1868:
1187:
537:, but also to Jews living outside the Land of Israel. Archaeological excavations conducted at
2377:
1887:
1852:
1661:
1619:
1594:
1559:
1214:
1001:"A small change revolution. Weight systems and the emergence of the first Pan-European money"
567:). The same coin possesses a silver content of 6.87 grams. According to the Jewish historian
554:
515:
495:
460:), suggesting that there were other common measures of a shekel in use, or at least that the
303:
2256:
2076:
1716:
1569:
1456:
1014:
641:
631:
526:
359:
49:
1075:
843:, and not related to the weight of any precious metal. With the 2014 series of notes, the
8:
2404:
1771:
1528:
706:
653:
510:
461:
138:
35:
1018:
611:
with its image of a foreign god which had previously been minted to pay the temple tax.
2166:
1961:
1826:
1706:
1666:
1564:
1533:
1508:
901:
807:
806:. It was subdivided into 100 new agorot (אגורות חדשות). It was replaced in 1985 by the
757:
751:
747:
437:
392:
226:
31:
553:
coin minted in the 2nd century CE, upon which are embossed the words "Half-Shekel" in
2399:
2345:
2308:
2193:
2156:
1721:
1701:
1651:
1639:
1464:
1220:
1193:
1166:
1118:
979:
946:
619:
468:
414:
398:
370:
343:
331:
279:
237:
210:
195:
166:
88:
71:
2382:
2367:
2312:
2263:
2225:
2215:
1836:
1781:
1696:
1646:
1634:
1624:
1538:
1335:
1032:
1022:
661:
538:
1741:
1392:
973:
721:
are those who exchanged worshippers' baser common currency for such shekels. The “
2432:
2362:
2290:
2220:
2198:
2171:
1997:
1969:
1806:
1766:
1523:
1513:
1262:
1112:
785:
773:
669:
576:
558:
406:
105:
2389:
2372:
2357:
2003:
1909:
1816:
1761:
1731:
1363:
1349:
1114:
Coinage and Money under the Roman
Republic: Italy and the Mediterranean Economy
844:
811:
726:
534:
499:
307:
1027:
1000:
464:
authorities defined a standard for the shekel to be used for Temple purposes.
2421:
2047:
1821:
1726:
1629:
1574:
1554:
921:
836:
769:
695:
689:
608:
363:
187:
158:
41:
2278:
2268:
2205:
2112:
1681:
1579:
1518:
931:
887:
673:
637:
334:
for balance weights and fragments of bronze that may have served as money.
324:
320:
2178:
2132:
2084:
2031:
2026:
1811:
1691:
1037:
941:
402:
154:
57:
1117:. The Library of Numismatics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2340:
2328:
2128:
1985:
1979:
1614:
1063:, vol. 47, Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, pp. 3–15
840:
649:
542:
184:
1186:
Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer; Fabry, Heinz-Josef (2004).
2318:
1930:
1143:
710:
572:
549:(IAA) have yielded important finds, the most-prized of which being a
374:
355:
2188:
2146:
2141:
2008:
1492:
1487:
1330:
1299:
1252:
665:
568:
162:
46:
792:
571:, the annual monetary tribute of the half-Shekel to the Temple at
373:
traders who stamped their marks to avoid weighing each time used.
153:. A shekel was first a unit of weight—very roughly 11 grams (0.35
657:
483:
378:
311:
297:
263:
2251:
2210:
2161:
2053:
1445:
936:
677:
645:
580:
362:
was based on the shekel and may have preceded its home town of
271:
150:
1919:
1275:"Ancient Jewish Coins: Coins from the First Revolt (66–70 CE)"
505:
452:
for payment for the redemption of 273 first-born males and at
358:
used the shekel, although proper coinage developed very late.
2123:
2059:
1671:
915:
819:
730:
600:
390:
386:
382:
53:
1486:
672:. Throughout, it was more common for Carthage's holdings in
2230:
2183:
2014:
1991:
351:
347:
713:, despite its royal and pagan imagery. The money changers
2065:
1111:
Crawford, Michael Hewson (1985). Philip
Grierson (ed.).
369:
Coins were used and may have been invented by the early
1185:
99:
82:
2102:
1350:"Jerusalem's Tyrian Shekels: a lesson in priorities"
1138:
Tenney, Merril, ed. (1976). "Weights and
Measures".
877:
529:, it was customary among Jews to annually offer the
132:
119:
436:notes that the measures of the ingredients for the
1241:Bemidbar (Parsha)#Sixth reading — Numbers 3:40–51
1140:The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible
2419:
310:includes a cryptic use of the word in Aramaic: "
1087:
978:. University of California Press. p. 46.
599:as a means of emphasizing the independence of
319:Shekel came into the English language via the
213:
204:
198:
1946:
1472:
1179:
244:is found in the Hebrew words for "to weigh" (
1677:Japanese government-issued Oceanian shilling
857:
851:
762:
618:was issued from AD 132 to 135 amid the
489:
377:states that the first coinage was issued by
295:
289:
283:
257:
251:
245:
178:
1356:
1206:
1192:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 132.
1189:Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament
998:
839:. Both Israeli shekels are solely units of
798:, although it was more commonly notated as
506:Second Temple period half-Shekel Temple tax
1953:
1939:
1479:
1465:
1342:
992:
595:was issued from AD 66 to 70 amid the
583:drachma weighing a little over 4.3 grams.
1281:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise
1159:"Iron Age Weight Found near Temple Mount"
1036:
1026:
999:Ialongo, Nicola; Lago, Giancarlo (2021).
911:Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
733:may be a reference to the Tyrian shekel.
1370:. London: Tyndale Press. pp. 87–89.
1110:
965:
509:
456:for the offerings of the leaders of the
218:. Use of the word was first attested in
40:
1368:Illustrations from Biblical Archaeology
1362:
1212:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1048:
972:Dilke, Oswald Ashton Wentworth (1987).
862:in favor of the standard English forms
14:
2420:
1960:
1137:
768:in direct transcription) replaced the
52:, c. 310–290 BC, bearing the image of
2319:Commodity theory of money (Metallism)
1934:
1460:
1156:
971:
209:, a unit of weight equivalent to the
1777:Schleswig-Holstein schilling courant
1099:
1045:
586:
142:
1417:
1391:, Banking of Israel, archived from
1157:Laden, Jonathan (15 October 2020).
1093:
777:
562:
125:
109:
24:
1263:Antiquities of the Jews – Book VII
25:
2464:
2296:Akkadian standards of measurement
1438:
1421:, Detroit Institute of Arts, 1964
1142:. Vol. 5. Grand Rapids, MI:
1006:Journal of Archaeological Science
34:. For the Talmudic tractate, see
2105:
1707:Massachusetts pine tree shilling
1444:
1428:Journal of Ancient Civilizations
1413:(catalog with pictures), Colnect
894:
880:
827:although it is often notated as
791:
729:in exchange for his betrayal of
520:Rockefeller Archeological Museum
440:were to be calculated using the
302:, a unit of weight). The famous
240:. The Hebrew reflex of the root
1982:(W. Mesoamerica & N. Andes)
1757:Rhodesia and Nyasaland shilling
1379:
1324:
1311:
1293:
1267:
1245:
1233:
725:” paid by the chief priests to
541:in Israel from 1999 to 2001 by
1150:
1131:
1068:
13:
1:
2299:
2247:List of historical currencies
2152:Central bank digital currency
1317:Boaz Zissu & Amir Ganor,
953:
927:List of historical currencies
699:
428:
230:
219:
2353:Standard of deferred payment
1657:Hamburg and Lübeck schilling
1219:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 62.
958:
835:. It is subdivided into 100
547:Israel Antiquities Authority
484:
391:
323:, where it is first used in
312:
214:
205:
199:
100:
83:
7:
1915:Carolingian monetary system
1792:Southern Rhodesian shilling
1388:Banknotes and coins catalog
975:Mathematics and measurement
873:
858:
852:
763:
625:
593:First Jewish Revolt coinage
490:
313:Mene, mene, teqel, u-farsin
296:
290:
284:
258:
252:
246:
179:
133:
120:
10:
2469:
1419:Coins of the Ancient World
745:
736:
687:
629:
397:or shekel), issued by the
385:, spreading to the golden
337:
92:
75:
29:
2239:
2122:
2100:
2075:
2040:
1968:
1896:
1880:
1845:
1547:
1501:
1028:10.1016/j.jas.2021.105379
814:. Its currency symbol is
741:
366:in issuing proper coins.
157:)—and became currency in
147:ancient Mesopotamian coin
2428:Denominations (currency)
2336:Quantity theory of money
2157:Chattel/movable property
1171:: CS1 maint: location (
488:, similar to the Hebrew
401:and the silver Athenian
262:). It is cognate to the
27:Ancient unit of currency
1687:Lombardo-Venetian soldo
1213:Altmann, Peter (2016).
1080:Encyclopædia Britannica
683:
442:Shekel of the Sanctuary
256:) and "consideration" (
172:
2395:Complementary currency
2324:Credit theory of money
2284:Depository institution
1797:South African sjieling
1279:Jewish Virtual Library
719:four canonical gospels
597:First Jewish–Roman War
575:was equivalent to two
545:and Amir Ganor of the
522:
60:
2378:Digital gold currency
1888:East African shilling
1832:Württemberg schilling
1772:Scandinavian skilling
1712:Mecklenburg schilling
1595:East African shilling
622:for similar reasons.
513:
44:
2443:Currencies of Israel
2257:Coincidence of wants
2077:Representative money
1717:New Zealand shilling
1453:at Wikimedia Commons
632:Carthaginian coinage
527:Second Temple period
360:Carthaginian coinage
2453:Phoenician currency
2405:Time-based currency
1737:Peruvian sol de oro
1620:French colonial sou
1560:Australian shilling
1529:Somaliland shilling
1019:2021JArSc.129j5379I
723:30 pieces of silver
698:began to be issued
664:and recovery under
642:Carthaginian shekel
579:, each Athenian or
496:feast of Belshazzar
475:for his atonement (
448:, and similarly at
304:writing on the wall
282:, in words such as
225:under the reign of
50:Carthaginian shekel
36:Shekalim (Tractate)
2438:Ancient currencies
2274:Clearinghouse bank
1962:Medium of exchange
1752:Rhodesian shilling
1667:Israeli old shekel
1570:Bavarian schilling
1565:Austrian schilling
1534:Tanzanian shilling
1364:Wiseman, Donald J.
1161:. 15 October 2020.
902:Numismatics portal
752:Israeli new shekel
748:Old Israeli shekel
703: 300 BC
607:and replacing the
523:
494:, used during the
438:holy anointing oil
227:Naram-Sin of Akkad
61:
32:Israeli new shekel
2415:
2414:
2400:Sectoral currency
2346:Market monetarism
2309:Code of Hammurabi
2098:
2097:
2090:Gold certificates
1928:
1927:
1846:As a denomination
1722:Nigerian shilling
1702:Malawian shilling
1652:Ghanaian shilling
1610:Flemish schelling
1449:Media related to
1226:978-3-16-154813-0
1199:978-0-8028-2345-8
715:expelled by Jesus
620:Bar Kokhba revolt
616:Bar Kochba shekel
587:Jewish–Roman wars
498:according to the
415:Code of Hammurabi
399:Achaemenid Empire
332:Bronze Age Europe
238:Code of Hammurabi
194:, cognate to the
131:
124:, plural Hebrew:
118:
98:
81:
16:(Redirected from
2460:
2383:Virtual currency
2368:Digital currency
2304:
2301:
2264:Bureau de change
2115:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2041:Domestic animals
2038:
2037:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1837:Zambian shilling
1747:Portuguese soldo
1647:Gambian shilling
1600:English shilling
1590:Cypriot shilling
1585:British shilling
1575:Biafran shilling
1539:Ugandan shilling
1481:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1422:
1414:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1340:
1336:Wars of the Jews
1328:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1271:
1265:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1030:
996:
990:
989:
969:
904:
899:
898:
897:
890:
885:
884:
883:
861:
855:
826:
824:
797:
795:
779:
766:
704:
701:
662:Second Punic War
577:Athenian drachmæ
566:
493:
487:
458:tribes of Israel
396:
344:Semitic speakers
315:
301:
293:
287:
277:
269:
261:
255:
249:
243:
235:
232:
224:
221:
217:
208:
202:
193:
183:is based on the
182:
144:
136:
130:romanized:
129:
127:
123:
113:
111:
103:
97:romanized:
96:
94:
86:
80:romanized:
79:
77:
21:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2363:Unit of account
2302:
2235:
2221:Promissory note
2199:Deposit account
2172:Cheque clearing
2126:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2094:
2071:
2036:
2004:Precious metals
1971:
1964:
1959:
1929:
1924:
1892:
1876:
1841:
1827:Wörgl schilling
1767:Sardinian soldo
1640:Saint Lucia sou
1605:Fijian shilling
1543:
1524:Somali shilling
1514:Kenyan shilling
1497:
1485:
1441:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1308:(xviii. 9, § 1)
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1109:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1055:
1046:
997:
993:
986:
970:
966:
961:
956:
951:
900:
895:
893:
886:
881:
879:
876:
823: ⟩
822:
817:⟨
816:
815:
789:
786:currency symbol
784:) in 1980. Its
754:
746:Main articles:
744:
739:
702:
692:
686:
670:Third Punic War
634:
628:
589:
518:script, at the
508:
477:Exodus 30:11–16
454:Numbers 7:12–88
446:Exodus 38:24–26
431:
340:
275:
267:
241:
233:
229:, and later in
222:
191:
175:
167:Hasmonean Judea
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2390:Local currency
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Cryptocurrency
2365:
2360:
2358:Store of value
2355:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2316:
2313:§100; §122–125
2306:
2303: 2150 BC
2293:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2068:(Tibet, China)
2063:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2011:(cotton cloth)
2006:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:Roman currency
1907:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1849:
1847:
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1842:
1840:
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1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Venetian soldo
1819:
1817:Ukrainian shah
1814:
1809:
1807:Ticinese soldo
1804:
1802:Spanish sueldo
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Scots shilling
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Luxembourg sou
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1662:Irish scilling
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1635:New France sou
1632:
1627:
1625:Guadeloupe sou
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Israeli shekel
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1439:External links
1437:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1415:
1403:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1355:
1341:
1339:(vii. 6, § 6).
1323:
1310:
1292:
1266:
1261:(vii. 13, § 1)
1244:
1232:
1225:
1205:
1198:
1178:
1149:
1130:
1123:
1098:
1086:
1067:
1044:
991:
984:
963:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
907:
906:
905:
891:
875:
872:
849:transcriptions
847:abandoned the
845:Bank of Israel
818:
812:hyperinflation
743:
740:
738:
735:
727:Judas Iscariot
688:Main article:
685:
682:
658:Barcid dynasty
630:Main article:
627:
624:
588:
585:
535:Land of Israel
507:
504:
500:Book of Daniel
430:
427:
339:
336:
308:Book of Daniel
234: 1700 BC
223: 2150 BC
174:
171:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Units of mass
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
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2429:
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2406:
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2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:; c. 1750 BC)
2314:
2310:
2307:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2103:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:Water buffalo
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:(Roman world)
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:(Mesoamerica)
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1904:Shilling mark
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:See also
1895:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Roman solidus
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Polish szeląg
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Italian soldo
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Argentine sol
1553:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1395:on 2009-02-17
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1124:0-520-05506-3
1120:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1038:11573/1547061
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
995:
987:
985:9780520060722
981:
977:
976:
968:
964:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
922:Hanukkah gelt
920:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
903:
892:
889:
878:
871:
869:
865:
860:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:fiat currency
838:
834:
830:
821:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
787:
783:
775:
771:
770:Israeli pound
767:
765:
759:
753:
749:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
697:
696:Tyrian shekel
691:
690:Tyrian shekel
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
623:
621:
617:
612:
610:
609:Tyrian shekel
606:
602:
598:
594:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:Horvat 'Ethri
536:
532:
528:
521:
517:
512:
503:
501:
497:
492:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
469:Levitical law
467:According to
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
426:
424:
420:
416:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
394:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
335:
333:
328:
326:
322:
317:
314:
309:
305:
300:
299:
292:
286:
281:
273:
265:
260:
254:
250:), "weight" (
248:
239:
228:
216:
212:
207:
201:
197:
189:
188:Proto-Semitic
186:
181:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:, usually of
148:
140:
135:
122:
116:
107:
102:
90:
85:
73:
69:
65:
59:
56:, consort of
55:
51:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2279:Savings bank
2269:Central bank
2206:Legal tender
2113:Money portal
2020:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1812:Tuscan soldo
1786:
1732:Parman soldo
1692:Luccan soldo
1580:Bolivian sol
1519:Peruvian sol
1491:
1490:units named
1434:, pp. 73–98.
1431:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1397:, retrieved
1393:the original
1387:
1380:Bibliography
1367:
1358:
1344:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1256:
1247:
1235:
1215:
1208:
1188:
1181:
1152:
1139:
1133:
1113:
1089:
1079:
1070:
1059:
1010:
1004:
994:
974:
967:
932:Pidyon haben
888:Money portal
867:
863:
832:
828:
803:
799:
781:
761:
755:
693:
674:North Africa
635:
613:
590:
563:
555:paleo-Hebrew
550:
530:
524:
516:Paleo-Hebrew
482:The Aramaic
481:
472:
466:
450:Numbers 3:47
441:
434:Exodus 30:24
432:
411:
368:
341:
329:
321:Hebrew Bible
318:
176:
159:ancient Tyre
84:šiqlu, siqlu
67:
63:
62:
2231:Safekeeping
2085:Bimetallism
2000:(W. Africa)
1869:Vietnamese
1727:Papal soldo
1630:Haitian sou
1502:Circulating
1305:Antiquities
1258:Antiquities
942:Tetradrachm
668:before the
660:before the
551:half-Shekel
531:half-Shekel
525:During the
473:half-shekel
356:Phoenicians
294:"heavy" or
58:Baal Hammon
2422:Categories
2341:Monetarism
2329:Chartalism
2226:Redemption
2216:Possession
2179:Clay token
2032:Trade bead
1986:Cocoa bean
1970:Commodity
1682:Jersey sou
1615:French sou
1496:or similar
1399:2009-11-11
1285:26 October
1013:: 105379.
954:References
808:new shekel
676:to employ
656:under the
650:Punic Wars
605:Roman rule
543:Boaz Zissu
444:(see also
429:Israelites
423:Exod 21:32
419:Deut 15:18
389:(worth 20
381:, King of
325:Genesis 23
288:"weight",
185:triliteral
139:Phoenician
2050:(SE Asia)
1980:Axe-money
1861:Egyptian
1853:Canadian
1144:Zondervan
959:Citations
810:, due to
711:Jerusalem
573:Jerusalem
375:Herodotus
371:Anatolian
177:The word
115:romanized
2189:Currency
2167:Clearing
2147:Banknote
2142:Bailment
2062:(Arabia)
2023:(barley)
2009:Quachtli
1881:Proposed
1493:shilling
1488:Currency
1407:"Sheqel"
1366:(1958).
1331:Josephus
1300:Josephus
1253:Josephus
1251:Compare
1167:cite web
1094:DIA 1964
1076:"Siglos"
1060:Bulletin
874:See also
859:Sheqalim
796:⟩
790:⟨
666:Hannibal
626:Carthage
569:Josephus
564:חצי השקל
352:Edomites
348:Moabites
270:and the
211:Sumerian
196:Akkadian
163:Carthage
145:) is an
89:Ugaritic
72:Akkadian
47:electrum
2240:General
2194:Deposit
2184:Coinage
2056:(Hindu)
1998:Manilla
1548:Defunct
1015:Bibcode
918:(ma'ah)
868:Shekels
737:Present
717:in the
709:tax in
407:drachma
379:Croesus
338:History
306:in the
298:mithqal
264:Aramaic
259:shiqqul
253:mishqal
236:in the
134:šəqālim
117::
2433:Shekel
2252:Barter
2211:Notary
2162:Cheque
2027:Shells
2021:Shekel
1994:(rice)
1863:shelen
1787:Shekel
1451:Shekel
1223:
1196:
1121:
982:
937:Prutah
864:Shekel
853:Sheqel
837:agorot
778:לִירָה
774:Hebrew
764:sheqel
758:shekel
742:Israel
707:Temple
678:bronze
646:Sicily
559:Hebrew
491:shekel
462:Temple
393:sigloi
354:, and
291:thāqil
285:thiqāl
272:Arabic
247:shaqal
180:shekel
151:silver
143:𐤔𐤒𐤋
106:Hebrew
93:𐎘𐎖𐎍
76:𒅆𒅗𒇻
68:sheqel
64:Shekel
18:Shekal
2133:Token
2124:Money
2060:Camel
1972:money
1411:Coins
916:Gerah
731:Jesus
654:Spain
638:Punic
603:from
601:Judea
581:Attic
485:tekel
421:with
387:Daric
383:Lydia
280:ث ق ل
274:root
266:root
206:siqlu
200:šiqlu
190:root
126:שקלים
121:šeqel
54:Tanit
2291:Mint
2129:Fiat
2015:Salt
1992:Koku
1906:(/–)
1432:39,1
1287:2021
1239:See
1221:ISBN
1194:ISBN
1173:link
1119:ISBN
980:ISBN
866:and
856:and
788:was
782:lira
756:The
750:and
694:The
684:Tyre
636:The
614:The
591:The
405:and
403:obol
364:Tyre
215:gin2
173:Name
165:and
101:ṯiql
2066:Yak
2054:Cow
1920:£sd
1855:sou
1033:hdl
1023:doi
1011:129
947:Zuz
833:NIS
831:or
829:ש״ח
802:or
640:or
479:).
316:".
276:ṯql
268:tql
242:šql
203:or
192:ṯql
155:ozt
110:שקל
66:or
45:An
2424::
2300:c.
1871:xu
1409:,
1333:,
1302:,
1277:.
1255:,
1169:}}
1165:{{
1101:^
1078:.
1047:^
1031:.
1021:.
1009:.
1003:.
870:.
804:IS
780:,
776::
700:c.
561::
350:,
346:.
327:.
231:c.
220:c.
169:.
161:,
141::
137:,
128:,
112:,
108::
104:,
95:,
91::
87:;
78:,
74::
2311:(
2305:)
2298:(
2135:)
2131:/
2127:(
1954:e
1947:t
1940:v
1480:e
1473:t
1466:v
1372:.
1352:.
1289:.
1229:.
1202:.
1175:)
1146:.
1127:.
1096:.
1084:.
1082:.
1065:.
1041:.
1035::
1025::
1017::
988:.
825:,
820:₪
800:ש
772:(
760:(
557:(
278:(
70:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
