155:
238:
sh–r–f, which expresses meanings related to honor, nobility, and prominence. It has no etymological connection with the
English term
185:). In the sense of descendants of Fatima and Ali (the most common one), the term effectively refers to all descendants of Muhammad.
327:
188:
In the narrowest sense, it refers only to someone who descends from Fatima and Ali's eldest son (and
Muhammad's grandson)
661:
120:, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, from the family of the Islamic prophet
850:
637:
706:
493:
30:
This article is about the title for descendants of the
Islamic prophet Muhammad's family. For other uses, see
151:
303:
was restricted to persons of
Hasanid descent). In still other contexts, they both referred to some form of
875:
865:
794:
508:
860:
416:
326:, where the meaning of the term has expanded to include all Muslims of foreign descent. Thus, in the
159:
669:
625:
42:
31:
17:
466:
345:
273:
Precise usage of the term has varied both historically and geographically. Often, the terms
146:
or
Hashimites, already in Muhammad's day an established clan within the Meccan tribe of the
245:
139:
369:
Over time, people who were not of
Hashimite descent were sometimes also granted the title
8:
699:
381:
has become a more common designation for those claiming descent from
Muhammad. As such,
503:
300:
764:
633:
855:
462:
138:
In the broadest sense, it refers to any descendant of
Muhammad's great-grandfather
177:), especially but not exclusively through Ali's marriage with Muhammad's daughter
870:
784:
673:
498:
470:
253:
67:
845:
779:
692:
375:
as a general mark of nobility. The result of this has been that today the term
226:
The precise usage of the term has varied both historically and geographically.
215:
540:(1932–2015), Egyptian actor and probably the most famous person with this name
839:
789:
774:
665:
452:
400:
363:
189:
46:
38:
799:
648:
824:
809:
804:
537:
304:
235:
143:
310:
In most places, the term has functioned as a mark of nobility (both the
214:), which then refers only to the descendants of Hasan's younger brother
458:
446:
323:
819:
734:
513:
319:
219:
490:
or Ashraf, Somali clan claiming descent from
Muhammad through Fatima
307:
descent, but were linked to a different and specific social status.
287:
were used interchangeably, while in other contexts they referred to
759:
729:
436:
426:
412:
359:
315:
311:
292:
193:
182:
163:
121:
37:"Ashraf" and "Shurafa" redirect here. For people named Ashraf, see
630:
The New
Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
814:
769:
487:
430:
420:
351:
288:
240:
178:
147:
113:
57:
646:
590:
525:
474:
355:
282:
53:
715:
440:
296:
257:
174:
173:, a son of Abu Talib and a paternal cousin of Muhammad (the
196:). In this limited context, it is contrasted with the term
150:), including all descendants of Muhammad's paternal uncles
170:
684:
659:
578:
350:
s, which include all those who claim descent from the
60:, the title of various kinds of government officials.
529:
517:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
343:
337:
331:
280:
274:
203:
197:
56:, a proper name derived from the Islamic title; or
342:s or purported descendants of Ali and Fatima, and
439:(Husaynids, ruled over a vast empire centered in
837:
387:(or one of its many alternative spellings, like
605:
603:
601:
599:
700:
516:, term used for the rising prominence of the
336:designates not only Muslims of Arab descent (
660:Van Arendonk, C.; Graham, W.A. (1960–2007).
534:, including a list of people named that way
423:750–945, and claimed the caliphate 750–1517)
209:
107:
97:
87:
596:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
707:
693:
455:(Hasanids, rule over Morocco 1631–present)
647:Online Etymology Dictionary (2001–2021).
632:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
406:
169:More often, it refers to a descendant of
624:
609:
557:
449:(Hasanids, ruled over Morocco 1510–1659)
419:, ruled over a vast empire centered in
256:(enforcement agent) of the king in the
14:
838:
678:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
328:caste system among South Asian Muslims
27:Descendant from the family of Muhammad
688:
591:Online Etymology Dictionary 2001–2021
74:, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled
579:Van Arendonk & Graham 1960–2007
443:and claimed the caliphate 909–1171)
252:, meaning "shire-reeve", the local
210:
134:). It may be used in three senses:
108:
98:
88:
71:
24:
45:. For the Palestinian writer, see
25:
887:
415:(descendants of Muhammad's uncle
618:
318:were at one time holder of the
739:Banu Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya
584:
494:List of Ashrāf tribes in Libya
13:
1:
649:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
546:
528:, a proper name derived from
125:
551:
229:
7:
530:
518:
481:
399:) has also become a common
395:
389:
383:
377:
371:
344:
338:
332:
295:descent (especially in the
281:
275:
204:
198:
10:
892:
795:Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
509:Sharifian (disambiguation)
461:(Hasanids, ruled over the
354:or from one of Muhammad's
268:
234:The word derives from the
202:('lord', 'master', plural
51:
36:
29:
752:
722:
714:
626:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund
417:Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
851:Arabic words and phrases
263:
52:Not to be confused with
522:in early modern Morocco
358:), but also Muslims of
244:, which comes from the
43:Ashraf (disambiguation)
32:Sharif (disambiguation)
429:(Hasanids, ruled over
407:Major sharif dynasties
41:. For other uses, see
467:Arab Kingdom of Syria
876:Titles in Pakistan
866:Islamic honorifics
742:Banu Abbas ibn Ali
672:; van Donzel, E.;
653:www.etymonline.com
504:Sharifate of Mecca
301:Sharifate of Mecca
833:
832:
765:Ali ibn Abi Talib
745:Banu Umar ibn Ali
668:; Bianquis, Th.;
362:or Turko-Mongol (
16:(Redirected from
883:
861:Hashemite people
709:
702:
695:
686:
685:
681:
674:Heinrichs, W. P.
656:
643:
613:
607:
594:
588:
582:
576:
533:
521:
463:Kingdom of Hejaz
398:
392:
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349:
341:
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286:
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213:
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133:
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91:
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73:
21:
891:
890:
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882:
881:
880:
836:
835:
834:
829:
785:Zaynab bint Ali
748:
718:
713:
670:Bosworth, C. E.
640:
621:
616:
608:
597:
589:
585:
577:
558:
554:
549:
499:Sharif of Mecca
484:
473:1932–1958, and
471:Kingdom of Iraq
465:1916–1925, the
409:
271:
266:
232:
131:
129: 570 CE –
128:
61:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
889:
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873:
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848:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
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807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
780:Husayn ibn Ali
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
747:
746:
743:
740:
737:
732:
726:
724:
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719:
712:
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704:
697:
689:
683:
682:
666:Bearman, P. J.
657:
644:
638:
620:
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615:
614:
595:
583:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
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408:
405:
270:
267:
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231:
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224:
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186:
167:
112:), or (in the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
888:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
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862:
859:
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826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:Abbas ibn Ali
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Hasan ibn Ali
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
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639:0-7486-2137-7
635:
631:
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623:
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619:Sources cited
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610:Bosworth 1996
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497:
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492:
489:
486:
485:
477:1921–present)
476:
472:
469:in 1920, the
468:
464:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
438:
435:
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391:
385:
379:
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367:
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361:
357:
353:
348:
347:
340:
334:
329:
325:
322:), except in
321:
317:
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308:
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284:
277:
261:
259:
255:
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137:
136:
135:
123:
119:
115:
105:
95:
85:
81:
77:
69:
65:
59:
55:
48:
47:Walid Shurafa
44:
40:
39:Ashraf (name)
33:
19:
800:Umar ibn Ali
677:
652:
629:
586:
368:
309:
299:, where the
272:
249:
239:
233:
225:
117:
103:
93:
83:
79:
75:
63:
62:
825:Bani Ismail
810:Banu Hashim
805:Ahl al-Bayt
735:Banu Husayn
538:Omar Sharif
401:proper name
366:) descent.
330:, the term
246:Old English
236:Arabic root
144:Banu Hashim
82:, feminine
840:Categories
730:Banu Hasan
547:References
459:Hashimites
356:companions
324:South Asia
260:(county).
250:scīrgerefa
92:), plural
820:Adnanites
552:Citations
514:Sharifism
320:caliphate
305:Hashimite
230:Etymology
220:Husaynids
152:Abu Talib
760:Muhammad
723:Branches
676:(eds.).
662:"Sharīf"
628:(1996).
519:shurafāʾ
482:See also
437:Fatimids
433:789–985)
427:Idrisids
413:Abbasids
316:Fatimids
314:and the
312:Abbasids
293:Husaynid
194:Hasanids
183:Fatimids
164:Abbasids
160:al-Abbas
156:Talibids
122:Muhammad
104:shurafāʾ
856:Maghreb
815:Quraysh
770:Fatimah
753:Related
488:Asharaf
453:Alawids
447:Sa'dids
431:Morocco
421:Baghdad
360:Pasthun
352:Quraysh
289:Hasanid
269:History
241:sheriff
148:Quraysh
118:shurfāʾ
114:Maghreb
84:sharīfa
76:shareef
58:Sheriff
18:Shereef
871:Titles
636:
531:sharīf
526:Sherif
475:Jordan
390:Sayyed
384:Sayyid
378:sayyid
372:sharīf
364:Mughal
346:shaykh
339:sayyid
333:ashrāf
283:sayyid
276:sharīf
216:Husayn
199:sayyid
179:Fatima
158:) and
140:Hashim
132:632 CE
94:ashrāf
80:sherif
68:Arabic
64:Sharīf
54:Sherif
846:Alids
716:Alids
664:. In
441:Cairo
297:Hejaz
264:Usage
258:shire
254:reeve
248:word
218:(the
192:(the
190:Hasan
181:(the
175:Alids
162:(the
154:(the
142:(the
109:شرفاء
99:أشراف
89:شريفة
634:ISBN
396:Syed
291:vs.
279:and
211:سادة
205:sāda
72:شريف
393:or
208:, (
171:Ali
102:),
78:or
842::
651:.
598:^
559:^
403:.
222:).
166:).
126:c.
116:)
70::
708:e
701:t
694:v
680:.
655:.
642:.
612:.
593:.
581:.
124:(
106:(
96:(
86:(
66:(
49:.
34:.
20:)
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