Shia Islam - Knowledge

4418: 3512: 2482: 3672: 2737:, God gives humans the faculty of reason and argument. Also, God orders humans to spend time thinking carefully on creation while he refers to all creations as his signs of power and glory. These signs encompass all of the universe. Furthermore, there is a similarity between humans as the little world and the universe as the large world. God does not accept the faith of those who follow him without thinking and only with imitation, but also God blames them for such actions. In other words, humans have to think about the universe with reason and intellect, a faculty bestowed on us by God. Since there is more insistence on the faculty of intellect among Shia Muslims, even evaluating the claims of someone who claims prophecy is on the basis of intellect. 7093: 3472: 3586: 3622: 4460: 4437: 6249: 3521: 6723: 5311: 7799:. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over 3221: 5380: 1971: 5341: 6475:. Born in 985 CE, he ascended as ruler at the age of eleven. When in 1021 CE his mule returned without him, soaked in blood, a religious group that was forming in his lifetime broke off from mainstream Ismāʿīlīsm and did not acknowledge his successor. Later to be known as the Druze, they believe Al-Ḥākim to be God incarnate and the prophesied Mahdi on Earth, who would one day return and bring justice to the world. The Druze faith further split from Ismāʿīlīsm as it developed into a distinct 5072: 4967: 5247: 4931: 23830: 18811: 3856: 63: 5140: 4766: 2054: 7314: 23840: 5213: 5101: 5041: 3277:". Some versions add the additional sentence "O God, befriend the friend of ʿAlī and be the enemy of his enemy". Sunnis maintain that Muhammad emphasized the deserving friendship and respect for ʿAlī. In contrast, Shia Muslims assert that the statement unequivocally designates ʿAlī as Muhammad's appointed successor. Shia sources also record further details of the event, such as stating that those present congratulated ʿAlī and acclaimed him as 5170: 4896: 4083: 6742: 5410: 5281: 5006: 4861: 4493: 5440: 4107: 2970: 2746: 4797: 4732: 4240: 3407: 4831: 18800: 7300: 1257: 4529: 7286: 594: 3316: 1862: 3503:) to him. ʿAlī's faction, having expected the caliphate to return to ʿAlī's line upon Muawiyah's death, saw this as a betrayal of the peace treaty and so Ḥusayn rejected this request for allegiance. There was a groundswell of support in Kufa for Ḥusayn to return there and take his position as caliph and Imam, so Ḥusayn collected his family and followers in Medina and set off for Kufa. 656: 6289:("Unrestricted Missionary") as representative of a hidden Imam. While there are many other branches with extremely differing exterior practices, much of the spiritual theology has remained the same since the days of the faith's early Imams. In recent centuries, Ismāʿīlīs have largely been an Indo-Iranian community, but they can also be found in 3668:) through Muhammad. According to this view peculiar to Shia Islam, there is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. ʿAlī was the first Imam of this line, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. 9170: 9288: 3767:

from Muhammad. ʿUmar is reported to have said: "Because you narrate hadith in large numbers from the Holy Prophet, you are fit only for attributing lies to him. (That is, one expects a wicked man like you to utter only lies about the Holy Prophet.) So you must stop narrating hadith from the Prophet;

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Under Muʼizz (955-975) the Fatimids reached the height of their glory, and the universal triumph of Isma ʻilism appeared not far distant. The fourth Fatimid Caliph is an attractive character: humane and generous, simple and just, he was a good administrator, tolerant and conciliatory. Served by one

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article states: "Nobody really knows the size of the Shia population in Nigeria. Credible estimates that its numbers range between 2 and 3 percent of Nigeria's population, which would amount to roughly four million." A 2019 BBC News article said that "Estimates of numbers vary wildly, ranging from

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Militarily established and holding control over the Umayyad government, many Sunnī rulers perceived the Shias as a threat—both to their political and religious authority. The Sunnī rulers under the Umayyad dynasty sought to marginalize the Shia minority, and later the Abbasids turned on their Shia

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Similarly, swords were also placed on the Idols, as it is related that Harith b. Abi Shamir, the Ghassanid king, had presented his two swords, called Mikhdham and Rasub, to the image of the goddess, Manat....to note that the famous sword of Ali, the fourth caliph, called Dhu-al-Fiqar, was one of

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place importance on a scholarly institution because of the existence of a present Imam. The Imam of the Age defines the jurisprudence, and his guidance may differ with Imams previous to him because of different times and circumstances. For Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, the current Imam is Karim al-Husayni

9178: 9296: 6558:("Unrestricted Missionary") to guide the community, in a similar manner as the Ismāʿīlīs had lived after the death of Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl. The latter denomination claims that the ruling Fatimid caliph was the Imam, and they died out with the fall of the Fatimid Empire. 3776:, to which Abu Hurairah belonged). According to Sunnī Muslims, ʿAlī was the fourth successor to Abū Bakr, while Shia Muslims maintain that ʿAlī was the first divinely sanctioned "Imam", or successor of Muhammad. The seminal event in Shia history is the martyrdom at the 2552:, do not believe in the idea of the Occultation. The groups which do believe in it differ as to which lineage of the Imamate is valid, and therefore which individual has gone into Occultation. They believe there are many signs that will indicate the time of his return. 2697:, and the tray on which Moses used to offer his offerings. With him is the name that whenever the Messenger of God would place it between the Muslims and pagans no arrow from the pagans would reach the Muslims. With him is the similar object that angels brought. 3260:, with many Western scholars positing that Shīʿīsm began as a political faction rather than a truly religious movement. Other scholars disagree, considering this concept of religious-political separation to be an anachronistic application of a Western concept. 6398:

of Ismāʿīlī history, by an anonymous author, there has been a chain of Imams since the beginning of time, and there will continue to be an Imam present on the Earth until the end of time. The worlds would not exist in perfection without this uninterrupted

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according to a famous hadith... 'our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places that we respect very much. The first is Mecca... second is Medina... third... is in Najaf. The fourth... in Kerbala. The last one belongs to...

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in 928 CE. Roughly forty years later, the Zaydī State was revived in Gilan and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126 CE. Afterwards, from the 12th to 13th centuries, the Zaydī Shias of Deylaman, Gilan, and Tabaristan then acknowledged the Zaydī

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Further, he claims that with him is the sword of the Messenger of God, his coat of arms, his Lamam (pennon) and his helmet. In addition, he mentions that with him is the flag of the Messenger of God, the victorious. With him is the Staff of

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does not presuppose the infallibility of the Imam, nor the belief that the Imams are supposed to receive divine guidance. Moreover, Zaydīs do not believe that the Imamate must pass from father to son but believe it can be held by any

3450:, e.g. during prayers, should be abandoned; Muawiyah should not use tax money for his own private needs; There should be peace, and followers of Ḥasan should be given security and their rights; Muawiyah will never adopt the title of 6114:, Shia Islam is inherently secular in the age of Occultation, therefore Islamist Shia Muslims had to borrow ideas from Sunnī Islamists and adjust them in accordance with the doctrine of Shīʿīsm. Its foundations were laid during the 10125: 8611: 4417: 12220: 4459: 4958:

Azerbaijan is majority Shia. A 2012 work noted that in Azerbaijan, among believers of all faiths, 10% identified as Sunni, 30% identified as Shia, and the remainder of followers of Islam simply identified as Muslim.

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as Muhammad's day of birth or death (because they assert that his birth and death both occur in this week), Shia Muslims celebrate Muhammad's birthday on the 17th of the month, which coincides with the birth date of

8737: 3819:, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver and Ismāʿīlī branches of Shia Islam, and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. 3441:

became leader of the Muslims of Kufa. After a series of skirmishes between the Kufa Muslims and the army of Muawiyah, Ḥasan ibn Ali agreed to cede the caliphate to Muawiyah and maintain peace among Muslims

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which today comprise most of Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and Pakistan. The Ilkhanate initially embraced many religions, but was particularly sympathetic to

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is considered to be comprehensive of the oral traditions of Muhammad and their implementation and interpretation by the Twelve Imams. There are three schools of Jaʿfari jurisprudence: Usuli, Akhbari, and

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with its own unique doctrines, and finally separated from both Ismāʿīlīsm and Islam altogether. Thus, the Druze do not identify themselves as Muslims, and are not considered as such by Muslims either.

10945: 11945: 3378:, a faction that had transformed from supporters to bitter rivals, at Nahrawan in 658. In 661, ʿAlī was assassinated by a Khariji assassin in Kufa while in the act of prostration during prayer ( 3493:, ʿAlī's younger son and brother to Ḥasan, initially resisted calls to lead the Muslims against Muawiyah and reclaim the caliphate. In 680 CE, Muawiyah died and passed the caliphate to his son 12523: 3550:, Ḥusayn and approximately 72 of his family members and followers were killed, and Husayn's head was delivered to Yazid in Damascus. The Shi'a community regard Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī as a martyr ( 11073: 5783:) and its esoteric meaning. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams are a guide and model for the Muslim community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and 3194:(8th century CE). The first Shia governments and societies were established by the end of the 9th century CE. The 10th century CE has been referred to by the scholar of Islamic studies 2875:

commemorates the suffering of the women and children of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī's household. After Ḥusayn was killed, they were marched over the desert, from Karbala (central Iraq) to Shaam (

2338:. Thus, they are the most pure ones, the only immaculate ones preserved from, and immune to, all uncleanness. It does not mean that supernatural powers prevent them from committing a 3914:, dressed in yellow robes with his head anointed. He will then join the Mahdi in his war against the Dajjal, where it is believed the Mahdi will slay the Dajjal and unite humankind. 10844: 10140: 2842:, which is the anniversary of the Ghadir Khum, the occasion when Muhammad announced Ali's Imamate before a multitude of Muslims. Eid al-Ghadeer is held on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 6195:

in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismāʿīlīsm further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning (

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Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. Most Shias (between 68% and 80%) live in just four countries: Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq.

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Estimates range from as low as 2% of Nigeria's Muslim population to as high as 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population. Some, but not all, Nigerian Shia are affiliated with the banned

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is often quoted to illustrate Muhammad's feeling towards ʿAlī and his family by both Sunnī and Shia scholars. Shia Muslims prefer to study and read the hadith attributed to the

10265: 12197: 7243:, Shia political activists were arrested, tortured, expelled or killed, as part of a crackdown launched after an assassination attempt against Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister 3660:. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin, and must be chosen by 6213:

path and nature of God and the divine manifestation in the personage of the "Imam of the Time" as the "Face of God", with the more literalistic Twelver group focusing on

3080: 1496:(680 CE) further influenced the development of Shia Islam, contributing to the formation of a distinct religious sect with its own rituals and shared collective memory. 6394:). He is the possessor of divine knowledge and therefore the "Prime Teacher". According to the "Epistle of the Right Path", a Persian Ismāʿīlī prose text from the post- 2334:

has commanded absolute obedience from these figures, they must only order that which is right. The state of infallibility is based on the Shīʿīte interpretation of the

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to the Imams. Though initially beginning as a political movement, infallibility and sinlessness of the Imams later evolved as a distinct belief of (non-Zaydī) Shīʿīsm.

12782:. Translated by Liadain Sherrard and Philip Sherrard. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 9126: 7650: 15119: 6680:("Unrestricted Missionary"), who as the Imam's vicegerent has full authority to govern the community in all matters both spiritual and temporal while the lineage of 8729: 6662:). According to the Bohra tradition, before the last Imam, At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim, went into seclusion, his father, the 20th Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah, had instructed 1806:, Imam, and caliph by Muhammad and that ʿAlī's authority is maintained through his descendants. For the adherents of Shia Islam, this conviction is implicit in the 18550: 3164:

from 1979 to 1989, asserted that every part of an unbeliever's body, including hair, nails, and bodily secretions, is impure. However, the current leader of Iran,

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declared Shia Islam a "deviant" sect and banned Shia Muslims from promoting their faith to other Muslims, but left them free to practice it themselves privately.

6505:(the younger), fought for political and spiritual control of the dynasty. Nizār was defeated and jailed, but according to the Nizārī tradition his son escaped to 18432: 9318: 9804: 17800: 17033: 6497:

Ismāʿīlīs following the death of Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah in 1094 CE. His rule was the longest of any caliph in any Islamic empire. Upon his death, his sons,

3156:, held that Jews' impurity extended to the point where they were advised to stay at home on rainy or snowy days to prevent contaminating their Shia neighbors. 11344: 11975: 4680:, etc. hold small minority populations of various Shia subsects, primarily descendants of immigrants from South Asia during the colonial period, such as the 3564:. Ḥusayn is the last Imam following ʿAlī mutually recognized by all branches of Shia Islam. The martyrdom of Husayn and his followers is commemorated on the 3346:

between Muslims within the empire, which began as a series of revolts fought against ʿAlī. While the rebels had previously affirmed the legitimacy of ʿAlī's

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oriented Akhbari and later Usuli schools of thought, Shīʿīsm further developed in two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismāʿīlī group focusing on the

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to provide means to deal with current issues from an Islamic perspective. In other words, clergymen in Twelver Shīʿīsm are believed to be the guardians of

11941: 9669: 8237: 6842:. Muhammad al-Baqir did not engage in political action, and the followers of Zayd ibn ʿAlī maintained that a true Imam must fight against corrupt rulers. 18417: 9444:

When the Sicilian Jawhar finally entered Fustat in 969 and the following year founded the new dynastic capital, Cairo, 'The Victorious', the Fatimids ...

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Goldziher, I.; van Arendonk, C.; Tritton, A.S. (2012). "Ahl al- Bayt". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

8703: 3267:. The point of contention between different Muslim sects arises when Muhammad, whilst giving his speech, gave the proclamation "Anyone who has me as his 16646: 6838:(as was the case after the death of the former). Historically, Zaydīs held that Zayd ibn ʿAlī was the rightful successor of the 4th Imam since he led a 4630:. Estimations put the number of Shīʿīte citizens at roughly 15% of the local population. Approximately 40% of the population of Yemen are Shia Muslims. 20243: 13274: 3656:. Imams are human individuals who not only rule over the Muslim community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret the divine law and its 9765: 9644: 9410:

The architect of his military system was a general named Jawhar, an islamicized Greek slave who had led the conquest of North Africa and then of Egypt

8946: 2879:, Syria). Many children (some of whom were direct descendants of Muhammad) died of thirst and exposure along the route. Arbaein occurs on the 20th of 1447:

Shia Muslims' belief that 'Ali was the designated successor to Muhammad as Islam's spiritual and political leader later developed into the concept of

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Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In

3617:. Muhammad gave them to ʿAlī, saying that one of them was "Zulfiqar", which became famously known as the sword of ʿAlī and a later symbol of Shīʿīsm. 3095:, the most notable being the tombs of the Imams located in the Al-Baqi' cemetery in 1925. In 2006, a bomb destroyed the shrine of Al-Askari Mosque. ( 8281: 3932:(680 CE), as various Shia-affiliated groups diffused in the emerging Islamic world, several nations arose based on a Shia leadership or population. 2716:

narrates that wherever the armaments among us would go, knowledge would also follow and the armaments would never depart from those with knowledge (

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of the greatest generals of the age, Jawhar al-Rumi, a former Greek slave, he took fullest advantage of the growing confusion in the Sunnite world.

5506:. Each subsect of Shīʿīsm follows its own line of Imamate. All mainstream Twelver and Ismāʿīlī Shia Muslims follow the same school of thought, the 2138:'There is no god except God, Muhammad is the messenger of God'), but in addition to this declaration of faith Shīʿa Muslims add the phrase 12519: 2409:). Their knowledge encompasses the totality of all times. Thus, they are believed to act without fault in religious matters. Shi'a Muslims regard 22632: 13322: 9657:

The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%.

2037:. Additionally, ʿAlī was Muhammad's first-cousin and closest living male relative as well as his son-in-law, having married Muhammad's daughter, 11716: 8758:"Shiʻite Islam", by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, translated by Sayyid Husayn Nasr, State University of New York Press, 1975, p. 24 2481: 23689: 11733:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 Referencing: Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature 11077: 9992: 8645: 7960: 3511: 10502: 10257: 10230: 10071:

Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.3 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 95 percent are Sunni and 5 percent Shia.

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from 656 to 661 CE. Shia doctrine holds that ʿAlī was meant to lead the community after Muhammad's death in 632. Historians dispute over the

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Shi'a Minorities in the Contemporary World: Migration, Transnationalism and Multilocality. United Kingdom, Edinburgh University Press, 2020.

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is the guide and the intercessor between humans and God, and the individual through whom God is recognized. He is also responsible for the

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Estimates have placed the proportion of Shia Muslims in Lebanon between 27% and 45% of the population, 30–35% of the citizen population in

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are Shias. They may number up to 200 million as of 2009. As of 1985, Shia Muslims are estimated to be 21% of the Muslim population in

2033:) of Islam. Shīʿa Muslims believe that Muhammad designated Ali as his successor by God's command on several instances, but most notably at 10836: 4191: 18447: 17088: 11919: 9959: 7703: 11760:. Ismaili Heritage Series. Vol. 3. London; New York: I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies. p. 13. 10388: 10299: 9523: 8455: 8387: 22677: 22604: 19768: 18869: 13753: 12687: 9937: 12470: 11989: 10802: 9891: 3174:

that Jews and other Peoples of the Book are not inherently impure, and touching the moisture on their hands does not convey impurity.

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History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808

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Though there are several subsects amongst the Ismāʿīlīs, the term in today's vernacular generally refers to the Shia Imami Ismāʿīlī

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that were revealed to Muhammad. The Quran does not contain verses on the Imamate, which is the basic doctrine of Shīʿa Islam. Some

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Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Wendy Doniger, Consulting Editor, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA 1999,

5489: 18501: 18422: 15814: 13875: 13275:""They Were Going Together with the Ikhwan": The Influence of Muslim Brotherhood Thinkers on Shi'i Islamists during the Cold War" 9118: 7040: 1030: 11558: 11461:

Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets.

10054: 5642:: the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, fairness, and equity, along with the punishment of the breach of these ethics; 4990:

A reliable census has not been taken in Afghanistan in decades, but about 20% of Afghan population is Shia, mostly among ethnic

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centers of Islamic education and religious learning, which resulted in the change of Twelver Shīʿīsm from being a predominantly

4078:, and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms. Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Islamic kingdom in Southern India. 18442: 17332: 15246: 13701: 10112:

Religion: Virtually the entire population is Muslim. Between 80 and 85 percent of Muslims are Sunni and 15 to 19 percent, Shia.

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could become the next Imam, after fulfilling certain conditions. Other well-known Zaydī Imams in history were Yahya ibn Zayd,

22788: 18452: 18409: 14986: 14395: 13885: 13867: 13454: 13243: 13224: 13205: 13179: 13153: 13125: 13103: 13084: 13065: 13046: 13024: 12998: 12962: 12943: 12924: 12902: 12876: 12854: 12832: 12806: 12787: 12763: 12722: 12381: 12256: 12055: 11873: 11765: 11746:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 Referencing: Encyclopædia Iranica 11674: 11647: 11482: 11454: 11400: 11375: 11247: 11134: 10905: 10823: 10782: 10753: 10708: 10669: 10421: 10382: 10293: 10186: 10020: 9917: 9556: 9509: 9465: 9437: 9403: 9374: 9272: 8940: 8853: 8812: 8682: 8627: 8352: 8311: 8265: 8057: 7914: 7856: 7571: 7520: 7495: 7415: 7390: 5758: 4840: 4775: 3840: 3233: 2564: 2462: 2330:, infallibility is considered a rational, necessary precondition for spiritual and religious guidance. They argue that since 1774:

was first used during Muhammad's lifetime. At present, the word refers to the Muslims who believe that the leadership of the

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Muslim Identities and Political Strategies: A Case Study of Muslims in the Greater Cape Town Area of South Africa, 1994–2000

10330: 9562: 9094: 23253: 20238: 16357: 14996: 9345: 7634: 7065: 7048: 6996:, there was a shift from the Jarudiyya group to the Sulaimaniyya, Tabiriyya, Butriyya, and Salihiyya. Zaydī Shias form the 6387: 5844:; the Usuli school is by far the largest of the three. Twelver groups that do not follow the Jaʿfari jurisprudence include 3657: 622: 5888: 3803:), and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. Although the Imam was not the recipient of a 23371: 22652: 22248: 14340: 12441: 12437: 12303: 10091: 10044: 3614: 2168:

This additional phrase to the declaration of faith embodies the Shīʿīte emphasis on the inheritance of authority through

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The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shīʻite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence

7143:, dating back to the earliest development of the two competing sects. At various times throughout the history of Islam, 6960:; thus, the ruler of Yemen was known by this title. Al-Hadi Yahya bin al-Hussain bin al-Qasim ar-Rassi, a descendant of 6513:

Ismāʿīlī had accepted his claim. From here on, the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī community has continued with a present, living Imam.

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continue, and that the Imams were in Occultation and still communicated and taught their followers through a network of

3671: 23581: 23311: 23193: 22647: 21222: 19132: 11536: 10872: 10608: 10530: 10355: 8621: 8594: 8439: 8412: 8136: 5479: 2541: 1918: 1851: 1500: 11103: 9861: 9817: 9322: 23631: 22452: 19653: 18304: 18258: 17918: 17912: 12402: 9020: 8035: 7547: 7000:. Currently, they constitute about 40–45% of the population in Yemen; Jaʿfaris and Ismāʿīlīs constitute the 2–5%. In 6115: 5717: 5320: 1904: 1095: 16717: 10207: 8535: 5708:– the most famous collection of sermons, letters & narration attributed to Ali, the first Imam regarded by Shias 2421:

in justice, but also in interpreting the Islamic faith, practices, and its esoteric meaning. ʿAlī is regarded as a "

1392:, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of 23684: 21232: 18175: 18031: 17508: 17404: 16697: 13706: 12347: 11967: 11340: 8968: 8173: 7087: 7032: 5880: 4474: 4446: 4199: 3447: 2609: 2292: 2199: 1936: 1335: 695: 229: 87: 15450: 15195: 10579: 7803:

and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the

3585: 3471: 23646: 23541: 22667: 22662: 22618: 22243: 21082: 20302: 19287: 18669: 18475: 17023: 16971: 16585: 15633: 15297: 14185: 14065: 13711: 11498: 8870: 7338: 7092: 5748: 2954:(household of Muhammad) and a Christian deputation from Najran. Al-Mubahila is held on the 24th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 2621: 1287: 8241: 5368:

Shi'a form a majority amongst Arab Muslims in many American cities, e.g. Lebanese Shi'a forming the majority in

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With the fall of the Safavids, the state in Iran—including the state system of courts with government-appointed

23501: 23326: 22599: 21608: 21549: 21436: 21315: 21247: 19631: 19269: 19188: 18734: 18282: 18180: 17265: 15013: 14991: 14305: 14270: 13746: 9683: 7385: 7263: 6395: 5081: 4608: 3607: 1232: 21733: 21603: 11845: 9756:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population" 8807:

Jafri, S.H. Mohammad. "The Origin and Early Development of Shiʻa Islam", Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 6,

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Exploring the Spirituality of the World Religions: The Quest for Personal, Spiritual and Social Transformation

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The original Shia identity referred to the followers of Imam ʿAlī, and Shia theology was formulated after the

23651: 23066: 22803: 22462: 22311: 22233: 21844: 21655: 20692: 20201: 18840: 18092: 17851: 17528: 15140: 15023: 14280: 14100: 13621: 12212: 8569: 7643:? However the term Shiite is being used less and is considered less proper than simply using the term "Shia"" 5695:) attributed to Muhammad and the Twelve Imams. Below is a list of some of the most prominent of these books: 4976: 4587: 2342:, but due to the fact that they have absolute belief in God, they refrain from doing anything that is a sin. 966: 10796:"Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Presidential Library – Religion" 9806:

Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population

9755: 9640: 8930: 7004:, it is estimated that there are over 1 million Zaydī Shias, primarily based in the western provinces. 23709: 23511: 20714: 19420: 18654: 18631: 18241: 18097: 18087: 17993: 17646: 17286: 16326: 15807: 15479: 15325: 15275: 14716: 14160: 13367: 13135: 7716: 7461: 6658: 5256: 4537: 3867: 3443: 1327: 998: 423: 17: 21743: 13257: 6792:

The Zaydīs, Twelvers, and Ismāʿīlīs all recognize the same first four Imams; however, the Zaydīs consider

5494:

The Shia community throughout its history split over the issue of the Imamate. The largest branch are the

4692:

Figures indicated in the first three columns below are based on the October 2009 demographic study by the

3890:

and will rid the world of evil. According to Islamic tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the

3621: 2635: 2345:

They also have a complete knowledge of God's will. They are in possession of all knowledge brought by the

2291:

or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad, along with the

23719: 23431: 23426: 23198: 21716: 21677: 21227: 21141: 20709: 20415: 19037: 18756: 18621: 18427: 18195: 17988: 17365: 16954: 15844: 15708: 15056: 14370: 13880: 13857: 13852: 13762: 12273: 10130: 9987: 9909: 8277: 7368: 7358: 6867: 6813: 6730: 6173: 6025:, which is believed to have been defined by Muhammad and his twelve successors. This process is known as 5740: 5389: 5125: 3461: 2964: 2613: 2605: 1942:. It embodies a completely independent system of religious interpretation and political authority in the 1886: 1507:

is by far the largest and most influential, comprising about 85% of all Shia Muslims. Others include the

1045: 872: 239: 107: 102: 21748: 21738: 14418: 5205:

of 3.3 million noncitizens, about 64% are Muslim, and among expatriate Muslims, about 5% are Shia.

22492: 22437: 22133: 20868: 20405: 19032: 18974: 18506: 18389: 17906: 17325: 16363: 15958: 15944: 15683: 15428: 15202: 14684: 14315: 14275: 14010: 13927: 13781: 13671: 13656: 13646: 13531: 12912: 8776:

In his "Mutanabbi devant le siècle ismaëlien de l'Islam", in Mém. de l'Inst Français de Damas, 1935, p.

7363: 7039:. Houthis and their allies gained control of a significant part of Yemen's territory, and resisted the 6984:). The founding Zaydī branch in Yemen was the Jarudiyya; however, with increasing interaction with the 6568: 6416: 6383: 6127: 5485: 5354: 5350: 4770: 4657: 4315:

The ending of the relative mutual tolerance between Sunnīs and Shias that existed from the time of the

3736: 1560: 1085: 442: 244: 20454: 13338: 11407:

often they are not regarded as being Muslim at all, nor do all the Druze consider themselves as Muslim

6874:, is regarded as the codifier of Zaydī jurisprudence, and as such most Zaydī Shias today are known as 5585:, who elaborated the Twelver jurisprudence. Twelver Shia constitute the majority of the population in 3542:

En route to Kufa, Husayn was blocked by an army of Yazid's men, which included people from Kufa, near

23744: 23533: 23391: 22843: 21726: 21500: 21131: 20761: 20282: 19414: 19166: 19003: 18958: 18599: 18586: 18287: 18116: 17812: 17534: 17497: 17276: 15910: 15628: 15279: 15041: 14265: 14170: 14145: 13995: 13739: 13581: 13551: 13471: 13447: 11708: 11286: 7201: 6400: 5110: 5050: 4653: 4567:. Shia Muslims constitute 36.3% of the entire population (and 38.6% of the Muslim population) of the 4203: 4195: 3886:

who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations) before the

3359: 3299: 2734: 2157:'Ali is the guardian of God'). The basis for the Shīʿīte belief in ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as the 2034: 1877: 1564: 1393: 1180: 892: 343: 112: 21623: 17188: 9979: 9389: 7956: 6201:) of the Islamic faith. With the eventual development of Twelver Shīʿīsm into the more literalistic 3743:

and their supporters, while some hadith transmitted by narrators not belonging to or supporting the

3290:

and Muhammad's closest relatives made the funeral arrangements. While they were preparing his body,

2528:", that one day shall return on Earth and fill the world with justice. According to the doctrine of 2005:

alone, only God has the prerogative to appoint the successor to his prophet. They believe God chose

23248: 23208: 23163: 22953: 22943: 22748: 22497: 22322: 22258: 22228: 22118: 21883: 21792: 21760: 21721: 21633: 20506: 19748: 19684: 19154: 19139: 18833: 18751: 18470: 18294: 18067: 17547: 17291: 17281: 17271: 16041: 15561: 15175: 14794: 14365: 14295: 13716: 13686: 13501: 13491: 13330: 12086:"The Centrality of Anti-Semitism in the Islamic State's Ideology and Its Connection to Anti-Shiism" 10988: 10887:

Nahj al-balaghah, Mohaghegh (researcher) 'Atarodi Ghoochaani, the introduction of Sayyid Razi, p. 1

8895: 8677:. Routledge studies in modern history. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 174. 7348: 7196:, "Sultan Selim I carried things so far that he announced that the killing of one Shia had as much 7132: 7128: 7081: 7024: 6871: 6750: 6734: 6460: 6423: 6169: 6134: 5904: 5812: 5762: 5654: 5179: 5064:

In 2020, the CIA World Factbook stated that Shia Muslims constitute 31.2% of Lebanon's population.

4905: 4169: 3850: 3816: 3784:, and 71 of his followers in 680 CE, who led a non-allegiance movement against the defiant caliph. 3717: 3649: 3580: 3561: 2822: 2809: 2476: 2220: 1536: 1112: 912: 615: 570: 162: 97: 20191: 11782: 9033: 7624:

are adopted for consistency, except where the alternative spelling is in the title of a reference.

5825: 5507: 23699: 23636: 23586: 23546: 23491: 23126: 23121: 23011: 22958: 22848: 22778: 22574: 22380: 22295: 21495: 21473: 21272: 21094: 20619: 20233: 20160: 19844: 19215: 19015: 18924: 18609: 17420: 17179: 17143: 15168: 15126: 14981: 14596: 14385: 14290: 14120: 14075: 13941: 13661: 13636: 13561: 13486: 11594:

Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās

8070: 7712: 7221: 6656:

Divine leadership has continued in the Bohra branch through the institution of the "Missionary" (

6545: 6435: 6192: 5970: 4835: 4272: 4268: 3969: 3363: 707: 540: 17574: 13409: 12545: 12333: 12281: 11639: 9068: 6467:. During this period, three lineages of Imams were formed. The first branch, known today as the 4645:). The Shia presence is negligible elsewhere in Southeast Asia, where Muslims are predominantly 3456:("commander of the believers"); Muawiyah will not nominate any successor. Ḥasan then retired to 3263:

Shia Muslims believe that Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his heir during a speech at

23566: 23461: 23421: 23401: 23258: 23233: 23138: 23111: 23061: 23031: 23021: 22938: 22903: 22888: 22873: 22828: 22763: 22432: 22363: 22268: 22263: 22004: 21927: 21689: 21566: 21490: 21287: 21277: 21136: 21104: 21042: 21013: 20501: 20496: 20297: 20178: 20138: 19923: 19264: 19259: 19239: 19235: 18766: 18695: 18664: 18594: 17518: 17513: 17431: 16861: 16815: 16209: 15890: 15385: 15046: 14976: 14936: 14921: 14601: 14355: 14260: 14245: 14236: 14115: 14080: 14005: 13631: 13611: 13516: 13145: 12493: 12144:"Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective" 7792: 7780: 7699:"Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 7435: 7266:

in Northern Iraq, which occurred alongside the persecution of various religious groups and the

7248: 7062: 7036: 6839: 4806: 3996: 3923: 3699: 3653: 3465: 3410: 3330:

invited ʿAlī to become the fourth caliph as the last source, and he established his capital in

3161: 3153: 3116: 3005: 2989: 2435: 2422: 2414: 2399: 2379: 2359: 2308: 2270: 2023: 1959: 1842:

above all people. They are descendants of one another. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing."

1803: 1448: 1406: 1370: 1359: 1346: 1161: 927: 505: 119: 92: 12246: 11903: 11664: 10698: 10372: 10345: 10283: 9429: 9423: 8429: 8402: 8303: 8126: 7561: 149: 23807: 23752: 23669: 23621: 23596: 23396: 23218: 23213: 23081: 23071: 22893: 22569: 22507: 22327: 22273: 21694: 21672: 21586: 21527: 21193: 20632: 20469: 19611: 19210: 19122: 18712: 18690: 17441: 17318: 17084: 16743: 15915: 15832: 15578: 15548: 15105: 15001: 14548: 14375: 14125: 14035: 13691: 13666: 13651: 13626: 13616: 13601: 13506: 13496: 13476: 13333:: Project on Shi'ism and Global Affairs at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs ( 12216: 10655: 10466: 10411: 9489: 8584: 8383: 8256: 7343: 7156: 7140: 7136: 6973: 6781: 6685: 6681: 6541: 6521: 6517: 6494: 6483: 6472: 6370: 5860: 5202: 4296: 4114: 3846: 3675: 3520: 3464:, after being secretly contacted by Muawiyah who wished to pass the caliphate to his own son 3422: 3257: 3183: 3037: 2576: 2568: 2497: 2335: 1814:. Shia Muslim scholars emphasize that the notion of authority is linked to the family of the 1540: 1389: 1156: 981: 765: 720: 333: 234: 224: 217: 194: 31: 20484: 20449: 16784: 10862: 10561: 10010: 9933: 9421: 1786:

refers to a group of Muslims who at the time of Muhammad and after him regarded ʿAlī as the

328: 23797: 23787: 23772: 23679: 23606: 23576: 23551: 23516: 23476: 23471: 23446: 23316: 23238: 23188: 23168: 23158: 23046: 22993: 22968: 22818: 22813: 22793: 22758: 22743: 22687: 22457: 22390: 22358: 22238: 22173: 22039: 21917: 21770: 21650: 21544: 21456: 21424: 21419: 21267: 20999: 20410: 20250: 19834: 19594: 19205: 19149: 19100: 19085: 18938: 18369: 18276: 18221: 16530: 15937: 15795: 15720: 15565: 15380: 15228: 15133: 15112: 14971: 14926: 14911: 14460: 14310: 14300: 14285: 14105: 14070: 14060: 14055: 14030: 13696: 13596: 13586: 13576: 13536: 13526: 13521: 13481: 13440: 12653: 12460: 11803:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 11208:

Timani, Hussam S. (2021). "Part 5: In Between and on the Fringes of Islam – The Druze". In

10795: 9883: 9724:

In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.

8848:

Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam". Oxford University Press, 2002 |

8520: 7395: 6645: 6525: 6498: 6490: 6376: 6268: 6260: 5784: 5688: 5614: 5315: 5310: 5271: 3319: 3207: 3061: 2846: 2768:

Shia religious practices, such as prayers, differ only slightly from the Sunnīs. While all

2549: 2339: 1572: 1548: 1544: 520: 377: 264: 199: 129: 20572: 19447: 11817: 10777:"Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. 8052:"Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. 6248: 3040:

in Qom are very essential for Shīʿa Muslims. Other venerated pilgrimage sites include the

8: 23864: 23802: 23777: 23757: 23734: 23661: 23611: 23591: 23506: 23496: 23451: 23411: 23366: 23361: 23351: 23341: 23336: 23331: 23321: 23306: 23301: 23296: 23291: 23286: 23263: 23173: 23148: 23026: 23016: 22978: 22948: 22933: 22918: 22908: 22898: 22863: 22858: 22808: 22753: 22728: 22672: 22529: 22512: 22400: 22395: 22385: 22253: 22054: 21967: 21912: 21888: 21775: 21660: 21613: 21408: 21257: 20885: 20677: 20557: 20329: 20116: 20001: 19929: 19819: 19740: 19567: 19220: 19044: 18890: 18604: 18480: 18374: 18190: 17629: 17426: 17197: 16964: 16764: 16535: 16266: 16143: 15782: 15082: 15008: 14350: 14000: 13814: 13721: 13681: 13676: 13641: 13606: 13591: 13556: 13546: 13541: 13511: 13371: 13163: 12864: 12424: 12090: 11690: 10818:

Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002.

10050: 9964: 9813: 9760: 7804: 7051:). Both the Houthis and the Saudi Arabian-led coalition were being attacked by the Sunnī 6479: 6427: 6106: 6093: 6069: 6057: 5998: 5800: 5754: 5666: 5565:

is derived from the doctrine of believing in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as "

4940: 4870: 4693: 4564: 4466: 4442: 4383: 3883: 3836: 3760: 3452: 3351: 3295: 3279: 3041: 2700:

Al-Ṣādiq also narrated that the passing down of armaments is synonymous to receiving the

2651: 2517: 2513: 2458: 2282: 2234: 2213: 2192: 2152: 2133: 2062: 1765:

for adherents, mosques, traditions, and things associated with the Shia branch of Islam.

1552: 1467: 1383: 1280: 1166: 800: 700: 608: 555: 535: 472: 144: 124: 45: 11393:

The Templar Spirit: The Esoteric Inspiration, Rituals and Beliefs of the Knights Templar

10095: 7998: 6722: 4172:

overthrew the Sunni rulers in North Africa, an event which led to the foundation of the

3350:(caliphate), they later turned against ʿAlī and fought him. Tensions escalated into the 1571:. Iran stands as the world's only country where Shia Islam forms the foundation of both 23782: 23762: 23729: 23626: 23616: 23561: 23556: 23486: 23466: 23456: 23441: 23436: 23416: 23386: 23381: 23356: 23346: 23278: 23243: 23228: 23133: 23106: 23096: 23056: 23041: 23036: 22988: 22983: 22923: 22878: 22838: 22733: 22720: 22522: 22502: 22427: 22300: 22123: 21797: 21755: 21591: 21559: 21534: 21461: 21441: 21262: 21210: 21198: 21176: 20768: 20726: 20599: 20422: 20400: 20395: 20211: 19995: 19971: 19350: 19274: 19022: 18968: 18771: 18685: 18616: 18526: 18462: 18270: 18246: 17923: 17901: 17861: 17703: 17606: 17557: 17523: 17414: 17128: 16011: 15967: 15712: 15525: 15412: 15186: 15147: 15061: 14896: 14859: 14821: 14743: 14618: 14390: 14175: 14050: 14025: 13847: 13834: 13571: 13566: 13334: 13302: 12714: 12628: 12555:. United States Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2011. 12148: 11879: 11857: 11632: 11306: 11179: 11016: 10471: 10136: 9708: 9679: 8730:"Jews and Wine in Shiite Iran – Some Observations on the Concept of Religious Impurity" 7800: 7788: 7746: 7730: 7380: 7217: 7116: 6746: 6663: 6302: 6279:

and the largest group within Ismāʿīlīsm. Another Shia Imami Ismāʿīlī community are the

6177: 6073: 6006: 5723: 5687:

common to all Muslims, Twelver Shias derive scriptural and authoritative guidance from

5684: 5658:: a divine institution which succeeded the institution of Prophethood. Its appointees ( 5578: 5511: 4280: 4006: 3703: 3641: 3530: 3497:, and breaking the treaty with Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī. Yazid asked Husayn to swear allegiance ( 3335: 3128: 3112: 3029: 2895: 2754: 2668: 2529: 2505: 2300: 1782:, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and his successors. Nawbakhti states that the term 1762: 1576: 1532: 1528: 1504: 1484:, whom Shia Muslims believe possess special spiritual and political authority over the 1473: 1190: 1147: 1117: 1100: 1075: 1020: 976: 688: 82: 20880: 20427: 20023: 19753: 17769: 17104: 8990: 8128:

Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundatation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran

3716:(Muhammad's family and descendants) or pledging allegiance to Abū Bakr has shaped the 2681:

mentions that "with me are the arms of the Messenger of Allah. It is not disputable."

23839: 23833: 23767: 23724: 23714: 23704: 23694: 23601: 23521: 23481: 23406: 23376: 23268: 23223: 23203: 23178: 23153: 23116: 23101: 23076: 23051: 22963: 22913: 22868: 22853: 22833: 22823: 22798: 22738: 22682: 22442: 22218: 21814: 21785: 21709: 21704: 21665: 21598: 21554: 21539: 21522: 21517: 21512: 21451: 21186: 21072: 20838: 20808: 20788: 20609: 20385: 20366: 20361: 20292: 20255: 19976: 19891: 19814: 19712: 19702: 19670: 19658: 19626: 19603: 19585: 19481: 19336: 19244: 19230: 19193: 19181: 19010: 18929: 18881: 18746: 18741: 18646: 18636: 18626: 18299: 18185: 18137: 17980: 17891: 17594: 17584: 17579: 17569: 17564: 17397: 17154: 17120: 17064: 16307: 16246: 16153: 15861: 15725: 15574: 15520: 15416: 15051: 15018: 14946: 14941: 14901: 14889: 14874: 14854: 14755: 14731: 14557: 14380: 14220: 14155: 13306: 13294: 13239: 13220: 13201: 13194: 13175: 13149: 13121: 13099: 13080: 13061: 13042: 13020: 12994: 12968: 12958: 12939: 12920: 12898: 12886: 12872: 12850: 12828: 12802: 12783: 12759: 12718: 12647: 12632: 12620: 12596: 12398: 12377: 12252: 12175: 12121: 12061: 12051: 11883: 11869: 11853: 11761: 11670: 11643: 11608: 11478: 11450: 11396: 11371: 11322: 11314: 11298: 11253: 11243: 11183: 11171: 11130: 11020: 11008: 10901: 10868: 10819: 10778: 10749: 10704: 10665: 10526: 10520: 10417: 10378: 10351: 10289: 10182: 10164: 10036: 10016: 9913: 9552: 9515: 9505: 9461: 9433: 9399: 9370: 9268: 9153: 9016: 8936: 8849: 8808: 8678: 8617: 8590: 8563: 8543: 8490: 8435: 8408: 8348: 8307: 8261: 8132: 8053: 8031: 7910: 7862: 7852: 7808: 7762: 7754: 7738: 7567: 7543: 7516: 7491: 7425: 7291: 7240: 6997: 6676: 6554: 6464: 6285: 6111: 6097: 5994: 5796: 5705: 5149: 4583: 4173: 4150: 4118: 4087: 4067: 4028: 3929: 3832: 3777: 3547: 3401: 3220: 3211: 3157: 3136: 2929: 2890: 2658: 2654: 2617: 2581: 2560: 2472: 2468: 1998: 1939: 1872: 1815: 1493: 1425: 1338: 1241: 1227: 1195: 1142: 1055: 1015: 877: 598: 565: 530: 462: 289: 259: 21292: 20890: 20521: 20260: 16312: 13196:

The Heirs of Muhammad: Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni Shia split

8915: 8482: 7930: 6989: 4646: 23792: 23674: 23571: 23183: 23143: 23091: 23086: 23003: 22973: 22883: 22773: 22637: 22589: 22584: 22143: 22108: 22081: 21839: 21824: 21699: 21618: 21468: 21446: 21354: 21215: 20994: 20957: 20813: 20798: 20746: 20511: 20491: 20464: 20459: 20442: 20437: 20349: 20339: 20148: 20112: 20104: 20075: 19988: 19908: 19903: 19866: 19856: 19782: 19720: 19562: 19399: 19249: 18907: 18776: 18761: 18511: 18216: 17938: 17876: 17866: 17856: 17841: 17589: 17492: 17464: 17352: 16122: 16096: 15799: 15472: 15375: 15216: 15098: 14951: 14931: 14916: 14481: 14140: 13908: 13286: 13189: 12890: 12610: 12600: 12165: 12161: 12111: 12041: 12037: 12017: 11911: 11861: 11562: 11290: 11233: 11229: 11209: 11163: 11034: 11000: 10440:

South Asian migration in comparative perspective, movement, settlement and diaspora

9149: 9083:

Discovering Islam: making sense of Muslim history and society (2002) Akbar S. Ahmed

8911: 7720: 7430: 7193: 7164: 6956:

in the 9th and 10th centuries. The leader of the Zaydī community took the title of

6772:. Followers of the Zaydī school of jurisprudence are called Zaydīs or occasionally 6411: 6181: 6130: 6101: 6061: 5744: 5728: 5582: 5566: 5515: 5290: 5222: 4591: 4541: 4487: 4316: 4179: 3769: 3732: 3687: 3568:, occurring on the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. 3430: 3367: 3309: 3049: 3033: 2973: 2899: 2690: 2672: 1965: 1955: 1835: 1811: 1758: 1734: 1688: 1657: 1622: 1306: 1040: 1035: 986: 971: 956: 865: 744: 575: 550: 467: 21431: 8899: 7167:, Shia Muslims remain a marginalized community to this day in many Sunnī-dominant 5193:

Among Kuwait's estimated 1.4 million citizens, about 30% are Shia (including

4551:

Shia Muslims form a distinct majority of the population in three countries of the

4378:

during his lifetime) are to be bases for verdicts, rejecting the use of reasoning.

3795:) was the source of the souls of the prophets and Imams, which bestowed upon them 23843: 22467: 22447: 21937: 21829: 21819: 21483: 21151: 20942: 20922: 20853: 20818: 20751: 20543: 20516: 20432: 20390: 20344: 20307: 20095: 20038: 19809: 19326: 19127: 19053: 18993: 18948: 18917: 18702: 18399: 18344: 18144: 17830: 17790: 17679: 17635: 17409: 17192: 17079: 16666: 16016: 16001: 15963: 15930: 15905: 15819: 15766: 15667: 15662: 15638: 15552: 15455: 15402: 15397: 14884: 14787: 14782: 14765: 14726: 14666: 14623: 14430: 14360: 14165: 13913: 13389:"History of Shi'ism: From the Advent of Islam up to the End of Minor Occultation" 12777: 12706: 11865: 11004: 10659: 10594: 10487: 10438: 10322: 9546: 9100: 7333: 7319: 7271: 7178: 7059: 7008: 6891: 6887: 6859: 6854:, Zaydīs follow the teachings of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, which are documented in his book 6510: 6123: 5700: 5650:: the institution by which God sends emissaries, or prophets, to guide humankind; 5129: 4579: 4575: 4372: 4304: 4300: 4248: 4230: 4211: 4183: 4138: 4110: 3988: 3982: 3957: 3936: 3899: 3887: 3725: 3483: 3195: 3140: 3100: 3065: 3025: 2945: 2909: 2705: 2485: 2426: 2390: 2370: 2350: 2346: 2261: 2225: 2204: 2183: 2143: 2124: 2104: 2014: 1982: 1612: 1600: 1556: 1458: 1397: 1374: 1350: 1222: 1175: 991: 951: 940: 922: 825: 770: 683: 515: 360: 269: 16806: 9351: 9015:

The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998,

7542:

The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998,

6653:. The Nizārī line of Imams has continued to this day as an uninterrupted chain. 3338:, between 656 CE to 661 CE, was often contested. Tensions eventually led to the 3308:

caliph. Abū Bakr served from 632 to 634, and was followed by Umar (634–644) and

22594: 22482: 22422: 22138: 22113: 21898: 21802: 21684: 21628: 21576: 20989: 20937: 20833: 20803: 20783: 20778: 20773: 20756: 20652: 20531: 20526: 20474: 19498: 19161: 19144: 18963: 18943: 18912: 18814: 18531: 18384: 18226: 17928: 17214: 17133: 16999: 16976: 16959: 16810: 16735: 16659: 16180: 16086: 15695: 15650: 15645: 15496: 15465: 15370: 15253: 15091: 14844: 14777: 14770: 14760: 14608: 14345: 14206: 14135: 14110: 13970: 13903: 13819: 13413: 12842: 12679: 11592: 11151: 10547: 9391: 7236: 7229: 7175: 6969: 6949: 6938: 6913: 6835: 6820: 6809: 6502: 6438:, would return and establish an age of justice. One group included the violent 6346: 6342: 6185: 5849: 5419: 5384: 5379: 5015: 4604: 4428: 4344: 4075: 4071: 4057: 3961: 3895: 3855: 3781: 3560:. The Battle of Karbala and martyrdom of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī is often cited as the 3490: 3397: 3069: 2939: 2925: 2854: 2839: 2694: 2686: 1970: 1795: 1523:. Shia Muslims form a majority of the population in three countries across the 1489: 1481: 1273: 1135: 1122: 1080: 1025: 639: 580: 482: 418: 350: 19763: 17174: 16981: 16173: 13432: 13139: 12445: 12307: 12170: 12143: 12046: 11238: 11167: 7145:

Shia groups and minorities have faced persecution perpetrated by Sunnī Muslims

6419:

are always aware of his presence and are witness to this uninterrupted chain.

6238: 23858: 22517: 22071: 21952: 21339: 21334: 21282: 21119: 21057: 20952: 20843: 20741: 20672: 20604: 20594: 20562: 20479: 20371: 20354: 20272: 20168: 20131: 20050: 19958: 19409: 19360: 19065: 18717: 18544: 18394: 17933: 17896: 17871: 17708: 17138: 17068: 17048: 17010: 16634: 16619: 16383:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

16190: 16115: 15925: 15886: 15873: 15848: 15754: 15543: 15515: 15392: 15346: 15264: 14963: 14864: 14849: 14839: 14674: 14636: 14613: 14575: 14486: 14216: 14210: 14200: 14188: 13298: 13167: 13010: 12820: 12816: 12624: 12605: 12582: 12179: 12125: 12065: 11691:"The Initial Destination of the Fatimid caliphate: The Yemen or The Maghrib?" 11302: 11257: 11175: 11074:"Congressional Human Rights Caucus Testimony – Najran, The Untold Story" 11012: 9501: 9497: 8494: 7742: 7734: 7405: 7255: 7205: 7153:

persecution of Shia Muslims throughout history by their Sunnī co-religionists

7108: 6981: 6961: 6945: 6831: 6805: 6693: 6671: 6529: 6379: 6358: 6280: 6204: 6197: 6161: 6156: 6089: 5712: 5503: 5449: 5345: 5340: 4789:

A 2010 estimate was that Shia made up about 10–15% of Pakistan's population.

4741: 4736: 4616: 4560: 4556: 4284: 4126: 4122: 4020: 3975: 3902:(literally, the "false Messiah" or Antichrist). Jesus, who is considered the 3891: 3691: 3645: 3630: 3438: 3426: 3393: 3370:

in 657 turned the tide against ʿAlī, who lost due to arbitration issues with

3190: 3084: 2865:(central Iraq). Ashura is a day of deep mourning which occurs on the 10th of 2858: 2850: 2677: 2572: 2533: 2496:, is a popular pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. Local belief holds that the 2304: 2288: 1831: 1827: 1508: 1477: 1200: 1105: 1065: 477: 338: 323: 21181: 17100: 13395:. Translated by Limba, Mansoor L. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 13118:

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

12972: 11528: 11326: 10641:"Mitigating Sunni-Shia conflict in 'the world's most charming police state'" 9390:

Chodorow, Stanley; Knox, MacGregor; Shirokauer, Conrad; Strayer, Joseph R.;

7866: 7725: 7698: 6972:

continued to rule over Yemen until the middle of the 20th century, when the

6080:. It sees Islam as a political system and differs from the other mainstream 3546:; rather than surrendering, Husayn and his followers chose to fight. In the 3229: 22657: 22559: 22415: 22103: 22098: 22076: 22066: 21947: 21374: 21309: 21252: 21237: 21203: 20828: 20736: 19730: 19621: 19616: 19467: 19437: 19311: 19279: 19027: 18998: 18985: 18804: 18729: 18379: 18231: 18109: 17825: 17674: 17659: 17373: 17166: 17095: 16883:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

16823: 16801: 16792: 16692: 16169: 15985: 15920: 15613: 15510: 15501: 15407: 15161: 14829: 14748: 14679: 14543: 14040: 13980: 13955: 13936: 13141:

Peshawar Nights, A Transcript of a Dialogue between Shia and Sunni scholars

13113: 12773: 11368:

America & Islam: Soundbites, Suicide Bombs and the Road to Donald Trump

11099: 10270:

In Yemen, Zaidists, a Shia offshoot, constitute 30% of the total population

9857: 9621: 9422:

Fossier, Robert; Sondheimer, Janet; Airlie, Stuart; Marsack, Robyn (1997).

7766: 7420: 7305: 7197: 7112: 7096: 7001: 6796:

as the 5th Imam. After the time of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, the Zaydīs believed that

6793: 6769: 6701: 6537: 6334: 6306: 5788: 5631: 5076: 5071: 4673: 4665: 4634: 4597: 4552: 4336: 4308: 4142: 4061: 4049: 4040: 4024: 3871: 3863: 3812: 3748: 3661: 3264: 3165: 3057: 2713: 2556: 2331: 2090: 2002: 1943: 1524: 1424:, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before 1261: 1207: 944: 676: 665: 525: 355: 254: 20875: 19518: 16833: 16331: 15951: 13014: 9139: 3815:, through which God guides him, and the Imam, in turn, guides the people. 3081:

Shīʿa sacred places and heritage sites in Saudi Arabia have been destroyed

22579: 22554: 22373: 22341: 22332: 22278: 22208: 22193: 22086: 21977: 21638: 21581: 21369: 21087: 21067: 20907: 20848: 20586: 20582: 20376: 19881: 19829: 19799: 19636: 19490: 19382: 19306: 19171: 19107: 19058: 18356: 17846: 17754: 17654: 17541: 17148: 16870: 16838: 16788: 16654: 16352: 16317: 16299: 16091: 15828: 15758: 15438: 15337: 14906: 14879: 14869: 14806: 14711: 14701: 14696: 14528: 14511: 14335: 14250: 14090: 13965: 12919:. Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. State University of New York Press. 12423:), translated by Paul Sprachman. Delmor, NY: Center for Iranian Studies, 12419: 10436: 10203: 9229:ولایت علی در قرآن کریم و سنت پیامبر، مرکز فرهنگی انتشاراتی منیر، چاپ هفتم 8675:

Constructing nationalism in Iran: from the Qajars to the Islamic Republic

8586:

Transnational Shia politics: religious and political networks in the Gulf

7795:, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted 7465:

less than 5% to 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population of about 100 million."

7400: 7152: 7144: 7077: 6912:

from 788 to 985 CE. Another Zaydī State was established in the region of

6840:

rebellion against the Umayyads in protest of their tyranny and corruption

6650: 6528:; Ṭayyibi Ismāʿīlīs, also known as "Bohras", are further divided between 6354: 6330: 6326: 6256: 6230: 6002: 5818: 5519: 4971: 4966: 4568: 4522: 4506: 4450: 4340: 4323: 4264: 4032: 3712: 3695: 3595: 3534: 3339: 3253: 3215: 2985: 2950: 2933: 2889:, Muhammad's birth date. Unlike Sunnī Muslims, who celebrate the 12th of 2872: 2827: 2818: 2663: 2630: 2625: 2586: 2169: 2112: 1931: 1499:

Shia Islam is followed by 10–15% of all Muslims. Although there are many

1453: 1421: 1388:'spiritual and political leader') after him, most notably at the 1003: 961: 885: 455: 370: 365: 316: 249: 204: 189: 184: 174: 139: 21893: 21834: 20932: 20324: 20143: 19692: 12662: 12351: 12116: 12085: 11609:"حين يكتشف المغاربة أنهم كانوا شيعة وخوارج قبل أن يصبحوا مالكيين !" 11447:

The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives

8960: 8825: 8456:"Lady Fatima inspired women of Iran to emerge as an extraordinary force" 8195: 8165: 7750: 2650:

Shīʿa Muslims believe that the armaments and sacred items of all of the

22545: 22540: 22410: 22405: 22368: 22346: 22203: 22183: 22178: 22019: 22009: 21972: 21571: 21349: 21297: 21037: 20682: 20662: 20196: 20121: 20060: 19824: 19804: 19725: 19377: 19316: 19095: 19090: 19075: 18659: 17741: 17669: 16797: 16594: 16375: 16321: 16219: 16157: 16108: 16074: 16027: 15948: 15881: 15868: 15786: 15762: 15691: 15538: 15460: 15363: 14736: 14500: 14496: 14330: 14255: 14231: 14196: 14150: 14085: 14045: 14020: 13975: 13960: 13950: 13034: 12615: 12021: 11213: 7244: 7168: 6993: 6921: 6726: 6476: 6439: 6322: 6318: 6119: 5767:

According to the theology of Twelvers, the successor of Muhammad is an

5590: 5251: 5246: 4935: 4930: 4661: 4545: 3950: 3739:

venerated by Shia Muslims are centered on narrations by members of the

3731:

during his lifetime), and other areas of Islamic belief throughout the

3375: 3371: 2709: 2597:

Shīʿa Muslims believe that the status of ʿAlī is supported by numerous

2521: 2162: 1823: 1819: 1607:), meaning "partisans of Ali", "followers of Ali" or "faction of Ali". 510: 21379: 20538: 20216: 14581:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

14440:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

11506: 11310: 7228:(eastern region of Iraq) that commemorates the martyrdom and death of 6780:

who are Twelvers (see below). Zaydīs constitute roughly 42–47% of the

5912:

In Jaʿfari jurisprudence, there are eight secondary pillars, known as

5830: 2053: 1436:

by a group of Muhammad's other companions at Saqifah, to be the first

22487: 22283: 22198: 22188: 22059: 22014: 21999: 21932: 21780: 21242: 21164: 21124: 21114: 21077: 21052: 21032: 20927: 20793: 20647: 20637: 20380: 20317: 20312: 20223: 20033: 20018: 19983: 19966: 19948: 19861: 19641: 19557: 19536: 19531: 19508: 19503: 19462: 19457: 19394: 19331: 19254: 19225: 19176: 19117: 19070: 18364: 17795: 17737: 17684: 17552: 17052: 17040: 17018: 16949: 16862:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

16853: 16759: 16704: 16629: 16283: 16278: 16204: 16148: 15894: 15749: 15742: 15618: 15529: 15443: 15423: 15268: 15209: 14721: 14689: 14644:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

14532: 14410: 14325: 14320: 14130: 14095: 13990: 13985: 13096:

Shiʻite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts

12895:

Doctrines of Shiʻi Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices

12520:"Malaysian government to Shia Muslims: Keep your beliefs to yourself" 10661:

Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722

7209: 7171:, without the rights to practice their religion and freely organize. 7028: 6965: 6953: 6697: 6533: 6350: 6210: 6139: 6077: 6045: 6033: 5964: 5853: 5841: 4885: 4619: 4612: 4332:

capable of taking a political stand different from official policies.

4036: 4002: 3599: 3499: 3414: 3343: 3237: 3088: 3045: 1472:'People of the House'), are rightful rulers or Imams through 907: 545: 430: 304: 62: 19913: 19442: 17043: 13290: 10837:"Challenges For Saudi Arabia Amidst Protests in the Gulf – Analysis" 9980:"The New Middle East, Turkey, and the Search for Regional Stability" 8096: 5981:(20% tax on savings yearly, after deduction of commercial expenses). 4194:

966–d. 992) was a Shia Fatimid general. Under the command of Caliph

4082: 3652:. Imami Shīʿītes believe that Imams are the spiritual and political 22290: 22034: 22024: 21879: 21364: 21344: 21171: 21047: 20902: 20548: 20186: 20126: 20045: 19953: 19940: 19918: 19898: 19876: 19871: 19851: 19791: 19758: 19697: 19541: 19526: 19404: 19365: 19321: 19112: 19049: 18953: 18856: 18707: 18203: 18061: 18013: 17807: 17713: 17664: 17392: 17237: 17204: 17059: 16944: 16936: 16730: 16135: 16066: 15989: 15972: 15803: 15790: 15623: 15569: 15351: 14799: 14590: 14423: 14015: 13731: 13417: 12465: 11709:"Shiʻah tenets concerning the question of the imamate – New Page 1" 11294: 10625:

Aswad, B. and Abowd, T., 2013. Arab Americans. Race and Ethnicity:

10519:

Bedford, Sofie (2016). Ismayilov, Murad; Graham, Norman A. (eds.).

7772: 7328: 7313: 7189: 7160: 7120: 7055: 7052: 6933: 6917: 6741: 6294: 6276: 6110:(Islamist) Shia Muslim. Because of the concept of the hidden Imam, 5646: 5528: 5495: 5144: 5139: 5030: 4765: 4492: 4399: 4375: 4244: 4045: 3911: 3787:

It is believed in Twelver and Ismāʿīlī branches of Shia Islam that

3728: 3590: 3304: 3291: 2876: 2866: 2792: 1520: 1437: 1429: 1217: 1185: 899: 833: 435: 408: 394: 134: 12374:

The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future

12198:"From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State" 10258:"The Arab Spring: The Initiating Event for a New Arab World Order" 10012:

The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition

9519: 7758: 6602: 5993:

is the responsibility of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams. Since the

5799:, who is believed by Twelvers to be currently alive and hidden in 5532:(i.e., someone authorized to issue legal opinions in Shia Islam). 5523: 4633:

Significant Shia communities also exist in the coastal regions of

4106: 3985:

dynasty. at its peak consisted of large portions of Iran and Iraq.

3610: 3374:, the governor of Damascus. ʿAlī withdrew to Kufa, overcoming the 2861:

and grandson of Muhammad, who was killed by Yazid ibn Muawiyah in

2745: 2728: 22564: 22163: 22128: 22049: 21962: 21903: 21807: 21505: 21359: 21109: 21062: 20947: 20823: 20642: 20065: 20028: 19839: 19389: 19355: 19198: 18899: 18722: 18318: 18006: 17886: 17764: 17759: 17746: 17730: 17723: 17718: 17450: 17242: 17222: 17183: 17028: 16875:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

16819: 16776: 16623: 16613: 16338: 16287: 16241: 16079: 15976: 15877: 15856: 15735: 15730: 15605: 15556: 15484: 15433: 15154: 15033: 14706: 14520: 14452: 13842: 12583:"Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language" 12244: 11420:"Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are" 10285:

International Religious Freedom (2010): Annual Report to Congress

8867:"From the article on Shii Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online" 8367: 8326:, by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (1979), pp. 41–44 7997:

Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (20 July 2005). Ehsan Yarshater (ed.).

7588: 7185: 7181: 6929: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6757: 6717: 6580: 6443: 6085: 6039: 6027: 5845: 5602: 5594: 5541: 5499: 5369: 5285: 5280: 5217: 5212: 5194: 5105: 5100: 5045: 5040: 4995: 4920: 4677: 4623: 4601: 4470: 4424: 4351: 4326:

on the state followed by the emergence of an independent body of

4252: 4012: 3979: 3965: 3954: 3944: 3910:") in Islam, will descend at the point of a white arcade east of 3907: 3788: 3543: 3494: 3479: 3406: 3302:

met with the leaders of Medina and elected Abū Bakr as the first

3148: 3135:

explicitly labeled as impure by certain Shia religious scholars.

3053: 3017: 3013: 2977: 2905: 2862: 2786: 2758: 2545: 2316: 2312: 2099: 2038: 1516: 1512: 1417: 1050: 727: 311: 299: 294: 12732: 11318: 4319:

onwards and the resurgence of antagonism between the two groups.

4239: 22472: 22351: 22336: 22155: 22044: 22029: 21987: 21765: 21643: 20912: 20667: 20657: 20267: 20228: 20070: 19678: 19648: 19372: 18236: 18210: 18169: 18130: 18047: 17960: 17881: 17783: 17693: 17624: 17619: 17386: 17310: 17247: 17227: 17108: 17072: 16261: 16164: 16101: 15980: 15823: 15777: 15257: 14566:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

14524: 14471: 13895: 13806: 13363: 12248:

The Psychologies in Religion: Working with the Religious Client

12157: 12033: 12029: 11758:

Hamid Al-Din Al-Kirmani: Ismaili Thought in the Age of Al-Hakim

11225: 11221: 10443:. Japan Center for Area Studies, National Museum of Ethnology. 9544: 8306:", Brandon Toropov, Father Luke Buckles, Alpha; 3rd ed., 2004, 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 7796: 7213: 7100: 6985: 6957: 6826: 6797: 6548:, and the Imams following him went into a period of anonymity ( 6506: 6314: 6222: 6214: 6018: 6014: 5872: 5835: 5776: 5692: 5626: 5463:

As of 2015, about 5% of Omanis are Shia (compared to about 50%

5198: 5174: 5169: 4991: 4900: 4895: 4642: 4627: 4578:(no figures exist for the non-citizen population), over 20% in 4528: 4391: 4367: 4359: 4276: 4162: 4158: 4146: 4053: 4009: 3859: 3796: 3721: 3606:(shown below). Two swords were captured from the temple of the 3565: 3562:

definitive separation between the Shia and Sunnī sects of Islam

3552: 3457: 3384:). Subsequently, Muawiyah asserted his claim to the caliphate. 3327: 3249: 3092: 3001: 2886: 2800:. The Sunnīs tend to combine only under certain circumstances. 2598: 2537: 2178: 2010: 1791: 1642:) denotes both the singular noun and the adjective form, while 1433: 1070: 1060: 849: 817: 809: 794: 788: 672: 560: 500: 403: 384: 179: 169: 77: 20858: 14431:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

12205:

The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World

11990:"Arab Coalition Faces New Islamic State Foe in Yemen Conflict" 10595:"Islamic Movement in Nigeria: The Iranian-inspired Shia group" 7285: 7007:

Currently, the most prominent Zaydī political movement is the

6566:

Ismāʿīlīs have categorized their practices which are known as

3315: 2992:

in Shia Islam. 25 Million Shias visiting the shrine each year.

2969: 2912:. This day is also considered as the "'women and mothers' day" 1743: 1697: 1666: 1631: 1315: 593: 22168: 21942: 21922: 21907: 21478: 21304: 21099: 20962: 20917: 20897: 20055: 19452: 19298: 19080: 18485: 18310: 18264: 18252: 18054: 18040: 17999: 17776: 17614: 17471: 17457: 17378: 17341: 17232: 16273: 15898: 15699: 15687: 14489: 14464: 14435: 13824: 12103: 10580:"More Trouble Between Nigeria's Shia Minority and the Police" 10343: 8048: 8046: 8044: 7784: 7225: 7012: 6932:; it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the 6667: 6628: 6596: 6586: 6468: 6452: 6431: 6405: 6338: 6310: 6298: 6290: 6081: 6010: 5977: 5957: 5949: 5942: 5921: 5772: 5768: 5680: 5464: 5414: 5409: 5010: 5005: 4865: 4860: 4830: 4681: 4669: 4408: 4371:(accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the 4355: 4328: 4207: 4154: 4130: 3940: 3879: 3828: 3773: 3724:(accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the 3634: 3380: 3355: 3269: 3170: 3009: 2997: 2919: 2880: 2797: 2774: 2769: 2750: 2525: 2501: 2445:) similar to Muhammad, according to the Shīʿīte perspective. 2418: 2252: 2111:), the Islamic profession of faith, differs from that of the 2070: 2066: 2058: 1986: 1974: 1922: 1839: 1807: 1775: 1485: 1331: 1212: 1090: 781: 739: 732: 655: 647: 413: 389: 13077:

Early Shiʻi Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir

12680:"The Islamic State Exploits Entrenched Anti-Shia Incitement" 11505:. Embassy of the Republic of Yemen in Canada. Archived from 8017: 5745:

Sunni reports about there being 12 successors to the Prophet

3252:'s husband, first emerged as a distinct movement during the 2772:

five times daily, Shia Muslims have the option of combining

2589:

believe that the future Mahdi has not yet arrived on Earth.

2555:

Twelver Shīʿa Muslims believe that the prophesied Mahdi and

22093: 21982: 19886: 18825: 18151: 18123: 18073: 18020: 17965: 17478: 16926:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

14475: 14470:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

14400: 12107: 12084:

Rickenbacher, Daniel (August 2019). Jikeli, Gunther (ed.).

11477:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 106–108. 7104: 6925: 6674:) in Yemen to appoint a vicegerent after the seclusion—the 6618: 6612: 6252: 5986: 5937: 5929: 5598: 5586: 5490:

Schools of Islamic theology § Shia schools of theology

5444: 5439: 4801: 4796: 4731: 4638: 4600:

hosts a number of distinct Shia communities, including the

4411:

school of thought also increased in strength at this time.

4288: 4260: 4016: 3992: 3804: 3683: 3418: 3331: 3132: 3073: 2981: 2832: 2762: 2493: 2085: 1990: 1802:

refers to those who believe that ʿAlī is designated as the

1787: 1746: 1709: 1669: 1634: 1318: 841: 749: 16886:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

12799:

The Charismatic Community: Shiʻite Identity in Early Islam

12028:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 11220:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 10989:"Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement" 10968: 8935:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 3. 8842: 8041: 6704:) differ on who the current "Unrestricted Missionary" is. 6337:, and in recent years several Ismāʿīlīs have emigrated to 3995:

dynasty with several lines that ruled in various parts of

2942:, anniversary of the night of the revelation of the Quran. 2520:

held in various denominations of Shīʿa Islam concerning a

1740: 1694: 1663: 1628: 1312: 21992: 21957: 20627: 19962: 14834: 11529:"Yemen [Yamaniyyah]: general data of the country" 9674: 7776: 7697:

Foody, Kathleen (September 2015). Jain, Andrea R. (ed.).

7254:

The most recent campaign of anti-Shia oppression was the

5896: 5638: 3679: 3287: 3245: 3225: 3198:

as "the Shiite Ismaili century in the history of Islam".

3021: 2915: 2780: 2489: 2410: 2006: 1779: 1700: 1342: 14576:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

12581:

Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.).

12304:"Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Shiʻism or schism" 11850:

Global, Regional, and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis

11152:"The Right Path: A Post-Mongol Persian Ismaili Treatise" 10609:"2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Kuwait" 10344:

Charton-Bigot, Helene; Rodriguez-Torres, Deyssi (2010).

8613:

Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People

8427: 7151:

allies and imprisoned, persecuted, and killed them. The

6872:

first Zaydī Imam and founder of the Zaydī State in Yemen

5775:

with justice but also is able to keep and interpret the

5561:

often refer to the Twelvers by default. The designation

4403:

an opportunity to fill the legal vacuum and enabled the

2585:("Unrestricted Missionary") maintains contact with him. 12663:"Anti-Shiite and Anti-Iranian Discourses in ISIS Texts" 11597:. ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972). p. 38. 11129:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–4. 10522:

Turkish–Azerbaijani Relations: One Nation – Two States?

7909:. New York: Macmillan reference USA. pp. 621–624. 6184:, wherein they differ from the Twelvers, who recognize 6088:

groups in favoring the idea of the establishment of an

18868: 12330:"The Shia, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon" 11839: 11837: 11835: 10926: 10914: 10503:"Islam's gradual resurgence in post-Soviet Azerbaijan" 10437:

Yasurō Hase; Hiroyuki Miyake; Fumiko Oshikawa (2002).

10153:

Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%

8257:

Expectation of the Millennium : Shiìsm in History

6463:, a claimant to the Ismāʿīlī Imamate, established the 6017:, and identify legal decisions within the confines of 5985:

According to Twelvers, defining and interpretation of

4548:, although the total number is difficult to estimate. 4540:. It is estimated that either 10–20% or 10–13% of the 3354:

in 656, where Ali's forces emerged victorious against

2928:

is the birth date of the 12th and final Twelver imam,

2814:

Shia Muslims celebrate the following annual holidays:

2532:, the main goal of Imam Mahdi will be to establish an 30:"Shia" and "Shias" redirect here. For other uses, see 14628:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

14591:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

12991:

Eternal Performance: Taziyah and Other Shiite Rituals

12079: 12077: 12075: 11968:"Yemen govt vows to stay in Aden despite IS bombings" 11466: 11271:

Poonawala, Ismail K. (July–September 1999). "Review:

10179:

Bahrain from the Twentieth Century to the Arab Spring

9858:"Foreign Affairs – When the Shiites Rise – Vali Nasr" 9622:"Jurisprudence and Law – Islam: Reorienting the Veil" 9455: 9210: 9208: 8902:; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.). 4165:, Muhammad's daughter, from whom they claim descent. 3326:

With the murder of ʿUthmān in 657 CE, the Muslims of

3139:, who have historically played a crucial role in the 2821:, which marks the end of fasting during the month of 2796:, as there are three distinct times mentioned in the 2661:, were handed down in succession to the Imams of the 1949: 1703: 1451:, the idea that certain descendants of Muhammad, the 16858:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

14461:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

13407: 12306:. Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 17 March 2004. Archived from 11590: 11580:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 262. 9425:

The Cambridge illustrated history of the Middle Ages

7281: 5201:, whom the Kuwaiti government count as Shia). Among 4687: 3868:

sectarian differences within the boundaries of Islam

3822: 3768:

otherwise, I will send you to the land of Dus." (An

3763:

lashed him, rebuked him, and forbade him to narrate

2440: 2404: 2384: 2364: 2275: 2028: 1769: 1749: 1594: 1588: 1411: 1364: 12934:Ṭabataba'i, Allamah Sayyid Muḥammad Husayn (1977). 12011: 12009: 12007: 11846:"The Role of "Coup Forces," Saleh, and the Houthis" 11832: 11559:"Sunni-Shiʻa Schism: Less There Than Meets the Eye" 11118: 8343:Al-Kulayni, Abu Jaʼfar Muhammad ibn Yaʼqub (2015). 8260:, State University of New York Press, 1989, p. 19, 6446:. In contrast, some Ismāʿīlīs believed the Imamate 5553:is the largest branch of Shia Islam, and the terms 3640:Later, most denominations of Shia Islam, including 3625:Depiction of ʿAlī's sword and shield carved on the 1737: 1715: 1691: 1660: 1625: 1539:. Significant Shiite communities are also found in 1309: 16902:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 16850:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 14569:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 13193: 12885: 12438:"Saudi Arabia – The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam" 12072: 11631: 11591:Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340). 10229:Merrick, Jane; Sengupta, Kim (20 September 2009). 9369:. New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc. p. 313. 9265:Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 9205: 8961:"The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman" 8702: 8428:Trawicky, Bernard; Wilhelme Gregory, Ruth (2002). 8347:. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. 7992: 7990: 7834: 7822: 7559: 6072:greatly inspired by the political ideology of the 5795:) through Muhammad. The twelfth and final Imam is 5473: 4532:Map of the Muslim world's schools of jurisprudence 2932:. It is celebrated by Shia Muslims on the 15th of 2172:. The three clauses of the Shīʿīte version of the 16395:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 13172:Expectation of the Millennium: Shiʻism in History 13162: 12142:Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). 10548:"Why have Afghanistan's Shias been targeted now?" 10181:. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 121. 9960:"International Religious Freedom Report for 2012" 9701: 9696:Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide 7851:. London: Islamic Centre of England. p. 56. 4718:Percent of population that is Shia in 2009 (Pew) 4031:in 1219–1224, and founded by Genghis's grandson, 3244:The Shia, originally known as the "partisans" of 1921:, all bound by the belief that the leader of the 23856: 15324: 14558:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 12737:. Columbia University Center for Iranian Studies 12004: 11341:"al-Hakim bi Amr Allah: Fatimid Caliph of Egypt" 10370: 7513:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 7488:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 6188:, younger brother of Ismāʿīl, as the true Imam. 4721:Percent of global Shia population in 2009 (Pew) 2176:thus address the fundamental Islamic beliefs of 2044: 16722:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 14572:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 13462: 12756:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A–L 12191: 12189: 12137: 12135: 11814:"Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsbibliotheek" 11629: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11193: 10700:Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism 10475:. Central Intelligence Agency. 2 December 2021. 10430: 10377:. kassel university press GmbH. pp. 136–. 10347:Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City 10228: 10077: 9483: 9481: 8404:Ritual, politics, and the city in Fatimid Cairo 8238:"How do Sunnis and Shias differ theologically?" 7987: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7515:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. pp. 1–3. 6172:as the divinely appointed spiritual successor ( 5480:Islamic schools and branches § Shīʿa Islam 5128:, an Iranian-inspired Shia organization led by 3898:(ʿĪsā), who is to assist the Mahdi against the 2984:, is a complex which contains the mausoleum of 2729:Doctrine about necessity of acquiring knowledge 2508:—once appeared and offered prayers at Jamkaran. 12938:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 12933: 12348:"The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam" 11942:"Yemen's Houthis form own government in Sanaa" 11897: 11895: 11893: 11801:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11744:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11731:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11662: 10488:"Why Azerbaijan is closer to Israel than Iran" 8890: 8888: 7671: 7071: 5270:Shi'a Muslims in Tajikistan are predominantly 4354:school of thought, which taught that only the 4019:in the 13th century, considered a part of the 3720:on the interpretation of some Quranic verses, 3460:, where in 670 CE he was poisoned by his wife 3143:, received relatively more lenient treatment. 2853:for Shia Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of 2618:Hadith of the invitation of the close families 18841: 17326: 15303:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 14653:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 13747: 13448: 12494:"Christian outsider in Saddam's inner circle" 11273:The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning 9934:"International Religious Freedom Report 2010" 9289:"نقد و بررسى گرایش ایلخانان به اسلام و تشیّع" 9171:"امامت از منظر متکلّمان شیعی و فلاسفه اسلامی" 9096:Religious trends in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 8609: 8434:. American Library Association. p. 233. 8304:The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 7692: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7490:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. p. 11. 7354:Imamate and guardianship of Ali ibn Abi Talib 6904:whose dynasty, named after its first sultan, 6692:). The three branches of Musta‘lī Ismāʿīlīs ( 6168:, derive their name from their acceptance of 5771:human individual who not only rules over the 3710:This difference between following either the 3571: 3387: 2129:لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله 1420:. This view primarily contrasts with that of 1281: 616: 13353: 13093: 12849:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 12251:. Springer Publishing Company. p. 237. 12245:Stevan Lars Nielson; E. Thomas Dowd (2006). 12186: 12141: 12132: 12083: 11848:. In Day, Stephen W.; Brehony, Noel (eds.). 11843: 11190: 10856: 10854: 10573: 10571: 10364: 10231:"Yemen: The land with more guns than people" 9492:. In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). 9478: 9319:"The Five Kingdoms of the Bahmani Sultanate" 9034:""Solhe Emam Hassan"-Imam Hassan Sets Peace" 7529: 6104:was the first person to identify himself as 2575:believe the same but for their 21st Ṭayyib, 2307:Shīʿa Muslims also attribute the quality to 2078: 16401:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 12752:Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World 12574: 11934: 11890: 11551: 10733:God's rule: the politics of world religions 10647: 10514: 10512: 10094:on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from 9852: 9850: 8894: 8885: 8546:. Archived from the original on 3 June 2002 7996: 7704:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 7184:(1512–1520) ordered the massacre of 40,000 7107:, houses the mausoleums of the two sons of 6426:, many Ismāʿīlīs believed that one day the 3884:prophesied eschatological redeemer of Islam 3123:. This categorization sometimes extends to 3024:are the most revered by Shīʿa Muslims. The 2315:, daughter of Muhammad, in contrast to the 18848: 18834: 17333: 17319: 16422:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 13774: 13754: 13740: 13455: 13441: 12988: 12911: 12815: 12688:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 12677: 12015: 11799:Article by Sayyid Ali ibn ' Ali Al-Zaidi, 11742:Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, 11444: 11264: 10952:(in Persian). 1 March 2020. Archived from 10867:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 7. 10416:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 55. 10201: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9786: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9545:Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (1976). 8869:. Oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from 8368:Allamah Muhammad Rida Al Muzaffar (1989). 8342: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8120: 8118: 7907:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 7677: 7163:acts. Comprising only about 10–15% of the 6639: 5908:: the rightful place of the Shīʿīte Imams. 5863:to the Jaʿfari jurisprudence are known as 4291:, rebuilt various important Sunnī shrines. 4023:. The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on 3598:of ʿAlī's sword is carved on the gates of 3115:, has considered non-Muslims as agents of 2563:, is already on Earth in Occultation, and 2161:of God is derived from the Qur'anic verse 1288: 1274: 623: 609: 13386: 13214: 12863: 12614: 12604: 12588:Journal of Language and Social Psychology 12169: 12115: 12045: 11729:Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, 11270: 11237: 10898:Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness 10851: 10664:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 2. 10613:Office of International Religious Freedom 10568: 10409: 10350:. African Books Collective. p. 239. 10320: 10008: 9952: 9258: 9256: 9198: 9196: 8991:"Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism" 8709:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 8650:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 8589:. Columbia University Press. p. 22. 7724: 7411:Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State 7376:Intellectual proofs in Shia jurisprudence 4307:. This caused a number of changes in the 4052:. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with 2641: 2524:, the hidden and last Imam known as "the 2009:to be Muhammad's successor and the first 1905:Learn how and when to remove this message 21407: 16024:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 14563:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 13188: 12491: 12274:"Hanging will bring only more bloodshed" 11780: 11634:Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law 11278:Journal of the American Oriental Society 10577: 10509: 10485: 10337: 10323:"Nigeria: 'No Settlement With Iran Yet'" 9847: 9064: 7779:as his friend, but appointed him as his 7616:. In subsequent sections, the spellings 7510: 7485: 7091: 6998:second dominant religious group in Yemen 6948:were initially Zaydī Shias, as were the 6776:. However, there is also a group called 6768:, is a branch of Shia Islam named after 6740: 6721: 6247: 4527: 4491: 4407:to assert their judicial authority. The 4238: 4235:Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam 4105: 4081: 4070:(1347–1527): a Shia Muslim state of the 3854: 3670: 3620: 3584: 3482:-based Persian artist Abbas Al-Mousavi, 3470: 3405: 3314: 3219: 2968: 2744: 2480: 2448: 2287:'protection') is the concept of 2242: 2121:La ilaha illallah, Muhammadun rasulullah 2052: 1969: 22709: 16247:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 13255: 13134: 13009: 12841: 12705: 12660: 12645: 12458: 12026:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 11575: 11472: 11395:. Temple Lodge Publishing. p. 83. 11218:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 11124: 10986: 10920: 10860: 10829: 10765: 10746:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 10696: 10593:Tangaza, Haruna Shehu (5 August 2019). 10592: 10545: 10518: 10281: 10118: 9936:. U.S. Government Department of State. 9783: 9628: 9487: 9364: 9111: 9092: 8928: 8898:(2014). "Ghadīr Khumm". In Kate Fleet; 8788: 8533: 8480: 8400: 8384:"The Beliefs of Shia Islam – Chapter 1" 8329: 8131:. Transaction Publishers. p. 463. 8124: 8115: 8097:"اضافه شدن نام حضرت علی (ع) به شهادتین" 8063: 7879: 7580: 7222:attacked and sacked the city of Karbala 7192:(Anatolian Shia Muslims). According to 7041:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 7025:Houthis took over the Yemeni government 5569:". Twelver Shia are otherwise known as 4668:states. Several African countries like 3322:, site of ʿAlī's assassination (661 CE) 1882:cluttered, inconsistent, and confusing. 14: 23857: 15604: 15247:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 13370:at the Aga Khan Centre. Archived from 13354:Daftary, Farhad; Nanji, Azim (2018) . 13272: 13074: 12796: 12772: 12749: 12553:International Religious Freedom Report 12271: 12195: 11978:from the original on 22 December 2015. 11755: 11638:. Princeton University Press. p. 11365: 11207: 11149: 10974: 10932: 10812: 10808:from the original on 23 November 2011. 10653: 10638: 10255: 10204:"Saudi Arabia's Shia press for rights" 9894:from the original on 28 December 2008. 9802: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9641:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population" 9428:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9350:. Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from 9337: 9262: 9253: 9193: 8700: 8672: 8643: 8610:Dabrowska, Karen; Hann, Geoff (2008). 8527: 7904: 7797:special insight into the Qurʾanic text 7783:—as the "lord" or "master" of the new 7511:Armajani, Jon (2020). "Introduction". 6625: 6609: 6593: 6577: 6540:. The former denomination claims that 4656:, made up of modern-era converts to a 4243:One of the first actions performed by 3437:Upon the death of ʿAlī, his elder son 1444:) caliph after Muhammad (632–634 CE). 22708: 21861: 21406: 18867: 18829: 18571: 18339: 17955: 17314: 15323: 14396:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 13773: 13735: 13436: 13233: 13112: 12957:. London: Islamic Centre of England. 12952: 12580: 12526:from the original on 28 February 2014 12461:"Long path to Iraq's sectarian split" 12100:The Return of Religious Antisemitism? 11901: 11669:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 844. 11390: 11370:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 86. 11041:from the original on 18 February 2007 10447:from the original on 6 September 2015 10333:from the original on 18 October 2012. 10268:from the original on 29 August 2020. 10176: 10085:"Shia women too can initiate divorce" 9940:from the original on 13 December 2019 9841: 9768:from the original on 14 December 2015 9647:from the original on 14 December 2015 9624:. University of North Carolina. 2009. 9608: 9596: 9214: 9165: 9163: 9129:from the original on 9 February 2015. 8696: 8694: 8668: 8666: 8639: 8637: 8582: 8521:"Karbala and Najaf: Shia holy cities" 8390:from the original on 25 October 2016. 8240:. BBC. 19 August 2009. Archived from 8206: 7981: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7892: 7890: 7888: 7846: 7696: 7589:"Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic" 7416:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 7391:List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam 6275:by default, who are followers of the 6146: 5759:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 5689:collections of sayings and traditions 5670:: God's final assessment of humanity. 4841:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 4776:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 4724:Population estimate ranges and notes 3841:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 3556:), and count him as an Imam from the 2463:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 1997:Shīʿa Muslims believe that just as a 18340: 17956: 13761: 13055: 13033: 12272:Maddox, Bronwen (30 December 2006). 11948:from the original on 7 February 2015 11844:Nevola, Luca; Shiban, Baraa (2020). 11719:from the original on 29 August 2012. 11693:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 10615:, United States Department of State. 10275: 10167:: , 1973, retrieved 14 February 2021 9972: 9864:from the original on 15 January 2014 9565:from the original on 11 January 2017 8932:On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr 8616:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 239. 8073:. Mideastweb.org. 14 November 2008. 7905:Martin, Richard C. (2003). "Shīʿa". 7566:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 192. 7270:by the same organization during the 7023:("Partisans of God"). In 2014–2015, 6388:esoteric interpretation of the Quran 6237:), who as A'immah were guides and a 5823:The Twelver jurisprudence is called 4698:Mapping the Global Muslim Population 4390:)—became much weaker. This gave the 4263:, causing sectarian tensions in the 4168:In 909 CE, the Shia military leader 4101: 3960:dynasty. Their headquarters were in 3811:), he had a close relationship with 3533:; right: the shrine premises during 2636:have their own separate hadith canon 1855: 16035:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 13410:"Shia Islam: History and Doctrines" 13262:Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 13258:"The Dilemmas of Pan-Islamic Unity" 13256:Khalaji, Mehdi (27 November 2009). 13236:Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects 12897:( ed.). London: I. B. Tauris 12459:Gritten, David (25 February 2006). 12442:Library of Congress Country Studies 12350:. Islamfortoday.com. Archived from 11916:Woodrow Wilson International Center 11666:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics 10546:Massoud, Waheed (6 December 2011). 10391:from the original on 9 October 2013 10302:from the original on 1 January 2014 10288:. Diane Publishing. pp. 261–. 10202:al-Qudaihi, Anees (24 March 2009). 10092:Library of Congress Country Studies 10045:Library of Congress Country Studies 9998:from the original on 18 March 2015. 9908:(Second ed.). Washington, DC: 9898: 9803:Miller, Tracy, ed. (October 2009). 9729: 9662: 9040:from the original on 11 March 2013. 8949:from the original on 22 April 2016. 8740:from the original on 8 January 2024 8462:from the original on 25 August 2018 7963:from the original on 2 January 2005 7635:"Difference Between The Meaning Of 7043:seeking to restore Hadi in power. ( 6895: 6065: 5961:(struggle) for the righteous cause; 5734: 5203:Kuwait's large expatriate community 4654:Shia minority is present in Nigeria 4343:phenomenon to become predominantly 4267:when he destroyed the tombs of the 4187: 3870:, in contrast to the traditions of 2592: 2430: 2394: 2374: 2354: 2265: 2229: 2208: 2187: 2147: 2128: 2108: 2079: 2018: 1919:various denominations and subgroups 1616: 1604: 1462: 1401: 1378: 1354: 24: 22678:Religions and spiritual traditions 18870:Religious groups and denominations 12981: 12913:Tabatabaei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 12825:Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 12562:from the original on 28 March 2017 12226:from the original on 21 March 2015 12000:from the original on 4 March 2016. 11619:from the original on 12 June 2008. 11561:. 1991. p. 24. Archived from 10847:from the original on 1 April 2012. 10500: 10486:Reynolds, James (12 August 2012). 10410:Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). 9494:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 9358: 9343: 9263:Gleave, Robert (2004). "Imamate". 9160: 8823: 8701:Moreen, Vera B. (1 October 2010), 8691: 8663: 8634: 8501:from the original on 24 April 2016 8483:"Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine" 8284:from the original on 29 April 2011 7885: 6941:or rival Zaydī Imams within Iran. 6845: 6751:Al-Mutawakkil Ismāʿīl bin al-Qāsim 6489:The second split occurred between 6382:interpretation of Shia Islam, the 6259:, is the 49th and current Imam of 6191:After the death or Occultation of 6037:, meaning "reference"; the labels 5892:: resurrection and final judgment; 4255:denomination of Shia Islam as the 4141:(909–1171 CE): Controlled much of 3686:, which contains the mausoleum of 2723: 2239:'Imamate or leadership'). 1950:Alī: Muhammad's Rightful Successor 1852:Shia Islamic beliefs and practices 25: 23876: 16407:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 13387:Muharrami, Ghulam-Husayn (2003). 13315: 12865:Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein 12678:Matthiesen, Toby (21 July 2015). 12492:Whitaker, Brian (25 April 2003). 12473:from the original on 27 July 2008 12376:. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. 11922:from the original on 7 March 2022 11697:from the original on 6 July 2015. 11539:from the original on 4 March 2016 11347:from the original on 6 April 2007 10748:, Oxford University Press, 2002. 10210:from the original on 7 April 2010 10060:from the original on 17 July 2005 9226: 8971:from the original on 27 July 2016 8644:Tsadik, Daniel (1 October 2010), 8176:from the original on 20 July 2019 8071:"Encyclopedia of the Middle East" 7653:from the original on 31 July 2019 6364: 6116:Persian Constitutional Revolution 5617:. These five principles known as 5321:Islam in the United Arab Emirates 4688:Significant populations worldwide 4224: 3823:Imam Mahdi, last Imam of the Shia 3751:, for example, Ibn Asakir in his 3594:with and without the shield. The 2948:celebrates a meeting between the 2704:(leadership), similar to how the 1993:, the holiest site in Shia Islam. 23838: 23829: 23828: 23642:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22784:Democratic Republic of the Congo 18810: 18809: 18798: 18319:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 17509:Timeline of the history of Islam 17340: 16425:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 14647:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 14519:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 14197:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 13420:(International Shia News Agency) 13094:Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). 12639: 12538: 12512: 12485: 12452: 12430: 12407: 12387: 12366: 12340: 12322: 12296: 12265: 12238: 11982: 11960: 11902:Glenn, Cameron (29 April 2015). 11806: 11793: 11781:Madelung, W. (7 December 2007). 11774: 11749: 11736: 11723: 11701: 11683: 11656: 11623: 11601: 11584: 11569: 11521: 11491: 11438: 11412: 11384: 11359: 11333: 11143: 11092: 11066: 11053: 11027: 10980: 10938: 10890: 10881: 10788: 10771: 10759: 10738: 10726: 10717: 10703:. Scarecrow Press. p. 319. 10690: 10632: 10619: 10601: 10586: 10554: 10539: 10494: 10479: 10459: 10403: 10314: 10249: 10222: 10195: 10170: 10158: 10029: 10002: 9926: 9526:from the original on 16 May 2016 9154:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378 8280:. ReligionFacts. 17 March 2004. 8077:from the original on 12 May 2011 8005:from the original on 17 May 2015 7937:from the original on 14 May 2011 7586: 7454: 7312: 7298: 7284: 7155:has often been characterized by 7088:Sectarian violence among Muslims 7049:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 6707: 6118:at the start of 20th century in 6049:are in use for Twelver clerics. 5806: 5438: 5408: 5378: 5339: 5309: 5279: 5245: 5211: 5168: 5138: 5099: 5070: 5039: 5004: 4965: 4929: 4894: 4859: 4829: 4795: 4764: 4730: 4458: 4447:sectarian crisis between Muslims 4435: 4416: 4161:. The group takes its name from 3615:Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali 3519: 3510: 3283:("commander of the believers"). 3111:Shia orthodoxy, particularly in 2610:Hadith of the two weighty things 2417:not only ruling over the entire 1860: 1733: 1687: 1656: 1621: 1305: 1255: 654: 592: 61: 22244:Evolutionary origin of religion 18670:List of ex-Muslim organisations 16972:United Submitters International 16256:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 15634:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 14987:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 13273:Bohdan, Siarhei (Summer 2020). 12993:. University of Chicago Press. 12397:. Infobase Publishing. p. 385. 11944:. Al Jazeera. 6 February 2015. 11816:. Library.uu.nl. Archived from 11475:A Short History of the Ismailis 11127:A Short History of the Ismailis 11106:from the original on 6 May 2007 10678:from the original on 1 May 2016 10639:Erlich, Reese (4 August 2015). 10627:The United States and the World 10582:. Council on Foreign Relations. 10578:Campbell, John (10 July 2019). 10256:Sharma, Hriday (30 June 2011). 9884:"Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias" 9876: 9835: 9614: 9602: 9590: 9577: 9538: 9449: 9415: 9398:. Harcourt Press. p. 209. 9383: 9311: 9281: 9244: 9235: 9220: 9133: 9086: 9077: 9058: 9044: 9026: 9009: 8983: 8953: 8922: 8916:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 8859: 8817: 8801: 8779: 8770: 8761: 8752: 8734:Association for Iranian Studies 8722: 8603: 8576: 8513: 8481:Higgins, Andrew (2 June 2007). 8474: 8448: 8421: 8394: 8376: 8361: 8317: 8296: 8270: 8248: 8230: 8221: 8212: 8200: 8188: 8158: 8145: 8089: 7975: 7949: 7923: 7873: 7840: 7828: 7816: 7339:Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam 7033:Saudi Arabian-backed government 7031:, which led to the fall of the 6964:, founded the Zaydī Imamate at 6255:Karim al-Husayni, known as the 6068:) is a new denomination within 5971:Directing others away from evil 5831:school of Islamic jurisprudence 5749:Hadith of the Twelve Successors 5577:; the latter term derives from 5474:Major denominations or branches 4704:Nations with over 100,000 Shia 4481: 3448:enforced public cursing of ʿAlī 3127:, individuals belonging to the 2634:and close associates, and most 2622:Hadith of the Twelve Successors 22600:Separation of church and state 21248:Polytheistic reconstructionism 17266:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 16284:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 14997:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 14992:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 14650:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 14271:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 13041:. Edinburgh University Press. 13016:Shiʻism: A Religion of Protest 12871:. Oxford University Press US. 12847:A History of Islamic Societies 12827:. Cambridge University Press. 10413:Culture and customs of Somalia 10321:Paul Ohia (16 November 2010). 10139:on Afghanistan. Archived from 9713:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 9551:. Cambridge University Press. 9456:Saunders, John Joseph (1990). 9396:The Mainstream of Civilization 9067:"Ḥasan b. ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb". 8785:See: Lapidus p. 47, Holt p. 72 8278:"Compare Shia and Sunni Islam" 7835:Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 7823:Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 7665: 7627: 7604:is an alternative spelling of 7595: 7553: 7504: 7479: 7386:List of Shia Islamic dynasties 6976:deposed the last Zaydī Imam. ( 5787:, and Imams must be chosen by 5718:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 5667:Resurrection and Last Judgment 4715:Shia population in 2009 (Pew) 4538:second largest branch of Islam 3286:When Muhammad died in 632 CE, 2565:will return at the end of time 1582: 27:Second-largest branch of Islam 13: 1: 20202:Traditional Sabahan religions 16698:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 15024:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 13238:. Syracuse University Press. 13215:Wollaston, Arthur N. (2005). 13058:The Shiʻites: A Short History 12989:Chelkowski, Peter J. (2010). 12779:History of Islamic Philosophy 12213:Center for Middle East Policy 11100:"News Summary: China; Latvia" 10987:Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). 10735:, p. 146, Jacob Neusner, 2003 8534:Escobar, Pepe (24 May 2002). 7442: 6974:republican revolution of 1962 6787: 6574: 6229:) attributed to Muhammad and 6031:and the clerics are known as 5965:Directing others towards good 5613:Twelver doctrine is based on 4582:, 5–20% of the population in 4295:A major turning point in the 4091: 3928:In the century following the 3468:and saw Ḥasan as an obstacle. 3038:Shrine of Fāṭimah al-Maʿṣūmah 2958: 2830:, which marks the end of the 2293:other prophets and messengers 2170:Muhammad's family and lineage 1593:derives from the Arabic term 282: 18855: 18655:Apostasy in Islam by country 18522:Liberalism and progressivism 16386:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 16327:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 16308:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 15326:Islamic schools and branches 14161:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 14066:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 13368:Institute of Ismaili Studies 13323:"Shi'a History and Identity" 13019:. Harvard University Press. 12797:Dakake, Maria Massi (2008). 11866:10.1007/978-3-030-35578-4_15 11756:Walker, Paul Ernest (1999). 11150:Virani, Shafique N. (2010). 11005:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828 9367:Worlds Together Worlds Apart 9295:(in Persian). Archived from 9177:(in Persian). Archived from 9099:. p. 11. Archived from 8908:Encyclopaedia of Islam Three 8038:, LoC: BL31.M47 1999, p. 525 7717:American Academy of Religion 7591:(4th ed.). p. 598. 7472: 7462:Council on Foreign Relations 7247:in 1980. In March 2011, the 6816:, and Ibrahim ibn Abdullah. 6688:Imams remains in seclusion ( 6052: 4473:of the Shia and Sunnī sects 4335:The growth in importance of 4251:was the proclamation of the 4218:, he was freed by al-Muʻizz. 4056:in 1295, chose Islam as the 3917: 2740: 2218:'prophethood'), and 424:Bektashism and folk religion 7: 22453:National religiosity levels 21678:Nauruan Indigenous religion 21228:Hellenism (modern religion) 16318:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 15014:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 14371:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 14306:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 13463:Shia Islam around the World 12750:Martin, Richard C. (2004). 12734:Encyclopædia Iranica Online 12196:Bunzel, Cole (March 2015). 10564:. CIA World Factbook. 2020. 10131:Central Intelligence Agency 10037:"Country Profile: Pakistan" 9988:Strategic Studies Institute 9458:A History of Medieval Islam 9365:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). 9321:. orbat.com. Archived from 9071:. Retrieved 7 November 2018 8536:"Knocking on heaven's door" 8407:. SUNY Press. p. 121. 8372:. Ansariyan Qum. p. 1. 7560:Duncan S. Ferguson (2010). 7369:Imamate in Twelver doctrine 7359:Imamate in Ismaili doctrine 7277: 7072:Persecution of Shia Muslims 6881: 6814:Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya 6434:, whom they believed to be 6271:, often referred to as the 5876:: unity and oneness of God; 5741:Imamate in Twelver doctrine 5608: 5526:usually carry the title of 5462: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390:Islam in the United Kingdom 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5239: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5126:Islamic Movement in Nigeria 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082:Shi'a Islam in Saudi Arabia 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4957: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4758: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4465:Monument commemorating the 4180:Al-Qaid Jawhar ibn Abdallah 3747:are not included. Those of 3411:S̲h̲āh ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm Shrine 3236:, fol. 162r, 1308–1309 CE, 3006:two holiest cities of Islam 2965:Holiest sites in Shia Islam 2803: 2712:signaled prophethood. Imam 2614:Hadith of the pen and paper 2606:Hadith of the pond of Khumm 2441: 2405: 2385: 2365: 2276: 2197:'oneness of God'), 2115:. The Sunnī version of the 2097:The Shīʿīte version of the 2029: 1880:. The specific problem is: 1826:show: "Indeed, Allah chose 1770: 1646:refers to the plural noun. 1595: 1589: 1412: 1394:Muhammad's other companions 1365: 829:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 23881: 21862: 18572: 17069:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 16514:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 16267:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 15945:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 15429:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14685:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14316:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 14276:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 14101:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 13408:Ayatullāh Jaʿfar Subḥānī. 13136:Shirazi, Sultanu'l-Wa'izin 13075:Lalani, Arzina R. (2000). 12698: 11904:"Who are Yemen's Houthis?" 11576:Hodgson, Marshall (1961). 10654:Newman, Andrew J. (2013). 10525:. Routledge. p. 128. 9991:. April 2008. p. 87. 9460:. Routledge. p. 133. 9119:"Lesson 13: Imam's Traits" 9065:Madelung, Wilfred (2003). 8796:Atlas of the Islamic World 8431:Anniversaries and holidays 7364:Imamate in Nizari doctrine 7085: 7075: 6715: 6561: 6442:, who had a stronghold in 6368: 6154: 5953:(alms giving to the poor); 5884:: prophethood of Muhammad; 5816: 5810: 5752: 5738: 5539: 5535: 5486:List of extinct Shia sects 5483: 5477: 5355:Shia Islam in the Americas 5351:Islam in the United States 4977:Shi'a Islam in Afghanistan 4590:'s population, and 45% in 4485: 4228: 3999:, northern Syria and Iraq. 3921: 3844: 3826: 3578: 3391: 3388:Hasan, Husayn, and Karbala 3205: 3201: 3181: 3177: 2962: 2807: 2579:, and also believe that a 2466: 2456: 2250: 1963: 1953: 1849: 1845: 1778:after Muhammad belongs to 29: 23824: 23743: 23660: 23532: 23277: 23002: 22719: 22715: 22704: 22613: 22538: 22309: 22217: 22154: 21872: 21868: 21857: 21415: 21402: 21327: 21150: 21132:Transcendental Meditation 21025: 21012: 20977: 20725: 20702: 20691: 20618: 20581: 20281: 20177: 20159: 20103: 20094: 20011: 19939: 19790: 19781: 19739: 19711: 19669: 19602: 19593: 19584: 19550: 19517: 19489: 19480: 19430: 19297: 18984: 18898: 18889: 18880: 18876: 18863: 18793: 18678: 18645: 18585: 18581: 18567: 18494: 18461: 18433:Geography and cartography 18408: 18355: 18351: 18335: 18161: 18083: 18030: 17979: 17975: 17951: 17821: 17645: 17605: 17488: 17440: 17364: 17360: 17349: 17260: 17213: 17165: 17119: 17009: 16996: 16935: 16832: 16775: 16758: 16645: 16593: 16584: 16523: 16440: 16374: 16351: 16298: 16218: 16203: 16133: 16000: 15843: 15707: 15682: 15658:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 15595: 15495: 15345: 15336: 15332: 15319: 15293: 15238: 15185: 15081: 15074: 15032: 15002:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 14962: 14820: 14717:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 14665: 14635: 14542: 14510: 14451: 14409: 14230: 14184: 14171:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 14146:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 13996:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 13935: 13926: 13894: 13866: 13833: 13805: 13798: 13794: 13769: 13468: 13120:. Yale University Press. 12171:10.1163/15730255-12314024 12047:10.1163/9789004435544_026 11449:. Routledge. p. 33. 11445:J. Stewart, Dona (2008). 11366:Pintak, Lawrence (2019). 11287:American Oriental Society 11239:10.1163/9789004435544_038 11168:10.1080/00210860903541988 10697:Guidère, Mathieu (2012). 10371:Heinrich Matthée (2008). 10262:E-international Relations 10009:Shankland, David (2003). 9585:Atlas of the Muslim World 8896:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali 8830:. Encyclopedia Britannica 8568:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8218:Corbin (1993), pp. 48, 49 8153:Atlas of the Muslim World 6735:first Zaydī Imam of Yemen 6436:Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl 6193:Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl 5662:) are divinely appointed; 5257:Shi'a Islam in Tajikistan 4427:as the state religion of 4287:, upon their conquest of 4198:, he led the conquest of 4153:, and the holy cities of 3608:pre-Islamic Arabian deity 3300:Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah 3154:Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisῑ 3106: 2749:Shia Muslims gathered in 2735:Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar 22769:Central African Republic 19749:Vietnamese folk religion 19140:Charismatic Christianity 18752:Islamic view of miracles 16687:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 15562:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 15176:The Moderation in Belief 15057:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 14795:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 14366:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 14296:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 13331:Cambridge, Massachusetts 13327:shiism.wcfia.harvard.edu 13219:. Kessinger Publishing. 12661:Ghasemi, Faezeh (2017). 12646:Ghasemi, Faezeh (2020). 12606:10.1177/0261927X19868494 12280:. London. Archived from 11630:Ignác Goldziher (1981). 11473:Daftary, Farhad (1998). 11391:Jonas, Margaret (2011). 11125:Daftary, Farhad (1998). 11035:"Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i" 10861:Richter, Joanne (2006). 10723:Tabataba'i (1979), p. 76 9912:. 2008. pp. 80–81. 9906:Atlas of the Middle East 9093:Mustafa, Ghulam (1968). 8583:Louėr, Laurence (2008). 8001:. Encyclopædia Iranica. 7447: 7349:Imamate in Shia doctrine 7165:global Muslim population 7133:religious discrimination 6868:Al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā 6821:Zaydī doctrine of Imamah 6731:al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā 6461:Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah 6135:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani 5916:, which are as follows: 5763:The Fourteen Infallibles 5674: 4542:global Muslim population 4469:, where more than 7,000 4299:was the dominion of the 3851:Imamate in Shia doctrine 3581:Imamate in Shia doctrine 3248:, Muhammad's cousin and 3240:manuscript illustration) 3146:Shi'ite theologians and 2810:Shia days of remembrance 2477:The Fourteen Infallibles 2328:Shīʿa Muslim theologians 2073:, displaying the phrase 1917:Shīʿa Islam encompasses 1798:expresses that the term 1757:) are the forms used in 1326:) is the second-largest 918:Medieval Islamic science 571:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim 22663:New religious movements 22296:Theories about religion 22249:Evolutionary psychology 21273:Modern Finnish paganism 19216:Independent Catholicism 18507:Creationism (evolution) 17144:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 16540:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 16458:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 16230:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 15169:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 15127:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 14982:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 14386:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 14291:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 14281:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 14121:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 14076:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 14011:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 13337:). 2022. Archived from 13279:The Middle East Journal 12393:George C. Kohn (2007). 11663:James Hastings (2003). 11063:, Norton, (2006), p. 76 10643:. Agence France-Presse. 9488:Masters, Bruce (2009). 9148:(2nd ed.). Brill. 8929:Olawuyi, Toyib (2014). 8401:Sanders, Paula (1994). 8370:The faith of Shia Islam 7713:Oxford University Press 7019:("Believing Youth") or 7015:, known by the name of 6968:in 893–897 CE, and the 6908:, ruled in the western 6749:under the rule of Imam 6640:Contemporary leadership 6546:Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah 5987:Islamic jurisprudence ( 3943:dynasty in what is now 3486:(between 1868 and 1933) 3444:upon certain conditions 3423:ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥasanī 3421:, contains the tomb of 3334:. ʿAlī's rule over the 2918:'s birthday on 13th of 2908:'s birthday on 20th of 2883:, 40 days after Ashura. 2319:, who do not attribute 1488:. Later events such as 23312:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21288:Erzyan native religion 21137:Unitarian Universalism 20497:Native American Church 19260:Oneness Pentecostalism 18767:Persecution of Muslims 18665:List of former Muslims 17514:Succession to Muhammad 16816:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 16398:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 15891:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 15386:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 15047:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 15042:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 14977:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 14937:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 14922:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 14602:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 14597:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 14356:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 14266:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 14261:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 14246:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 14116:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 14081:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 14006:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 13356:"What is Shi'a Islam?" 13146:Ansariyan Publications 12955:Shia political thought 11787:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10993:Middle Eastern Studies 10206:. BBC Arabic Service. 10177:Joyce, Miriam (2012). 9682:. 2010. Archived from 9293:پرتال جامع علوم انسانی 9241:Corbin 1993, pp. 45–51 9175:پرتال جامع علوم انسانی 9146:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8767:Dakake (2008), pp. 1–2 8254:Nasr, Sayyed Hossein. 7849:Shia political thought 7809:twelfth and final Imam 7791:would become known as 7486:Armajani, Jon (2020). 7436:Shia view of the Quran 7124: 7063:terrorist organization 7037:Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi 6830:descended from either 6754: 6738: 6737:, minted in 910–911 CE 6264: 6096:under the rule of the 5111:Shi'a Islam in Nigeria 5051:Shi'a Islam in Lebanon 4845:12,300,000–18,500,000 4533: 4525: 4322:Initial dependence of 4292: 4206:, founded the city of 4134: 4098: 3991:(990–1096 CE): a Shia 3924:List of Shia dynasties 3875: 3866:both were tolerant of 3707: 3654:successors to Muhammad 3637: 3618: 3487: 3434: 3323: 3241: 3162:Supreme Leader of Iran 3034:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 3026:Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī 2993: 2974:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 2836:or pilgrimage to Mecca 2765: 2509: 2389:) and the messengers ( 2094: 1994: 1983:Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī 1960:Succession to Muhammad 1818:as the Quranic verses 928:Succession to Muhammad 506:Khadija bint Khuwaylid 93:Succession to Muhammad 23632:Saint Kitts and Nevis 22929:São Tomé and Príncipe 22789:Republic of the Congo 20985:Aboriginal Australian 19612:Chinese folk religion 18551:Conversion to mosques 18418:Alchemy and chemistry 17085:Wallace Fard Muhammad 16042:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 15549:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15298:Early Muslim scholars 15106:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 14376:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 14126:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 14036:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 13234:Moosa, Matti (1988). 13060:. Markus Wiener Pub. 12953:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 12649:Anti-Shiism Discourse 12217:Brookings Institution 11533:Population Statistics 11102:. 22 September 2003. 10900:. Taqwa Media. 2012. 9103:on 6 September 2015. 8673:Litvak, Meir (2017). 7933:. americandruze.com. 7847:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 7811:in the ninth century. 7726:10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 7344:History of Shia Islam 7224:, the Shia shrine in 7095: 7086:Further information: 6852:Islamic jurisprudence 6760:, otherwise known as 6744: 6725: 6542:At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim 6484:ethno-religious group 6473:Al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 6428:eschatological figure 6371:List of Ismaili imams 6251: 6164:, otherwise known as 5861:five pillars of Islam 5826:Jaʽfari jurisprudence 5817:Further information: 5813:Ja'fari jurisprudence 5797:Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 5753:Further information: 5508:Jaʽfari jurisprudence 5484:Further information: 5180:Shi'a Islam in Kuwait 4906:Shi'a Islam in Turkey 4812:19,000,000–24,000,000 4747:66,000,000–69,500,000 4531: 4495: 4297:history of Shia Islam 4283:in 1508. In 1533 the 4242: 4216:Greek slave by origin 4170:Abu Abdallah al-Shiʻi 4115:al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 4109: 4085: 3858: 3847:History of Shia Islam 3845:Further information: 3755:, and Muttaqi in his 3676:Fatima Masumeh Shrine 3674: 3624: 3588: 3531:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 3474: 3462:Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath 3409: 3318: 3258:origins of Shia Islam 3223: 3184:History of Shia Islam 3030:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 2972: 2755:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 2748: 2624:. In particular, the 2577:At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim 2561:Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 2518:eschatological belief 2484: 2467:Further information: 2415:successor of Muhammad 2336:verse of purification 2056: 2045:Profession of faith ( 1973: 1964:Further information: 1503:in the Muslim world, 1474:the bloodline of 'Ali 1390:event of Ghadir Khumm 599:Shia Islam portal 225:Verse of purification 72:Beliefs and practices 32:Shia (disambiguation) 23254:United Arab Emirates 22040:Religious experience 21409:Historical religions 20411:Four Mothers Society 19769:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 19101:Schwenkfelder Church 18277:Ma malakat aymanukum 17852:Association football 17751:Moderate Kharijites 16736:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 16531:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 15721:Theology of Twelvers 15566:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 15113:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 14912:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 14311:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 14301:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 14286:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 14106:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 14071:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 14061:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 14056:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 14031:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 13702:United Arab Emirates 13217:The Sunnis and Shias 13164:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 13056:Halm, Heinz (2007). 12654:University of Tehran 12211:. Washington, D.C.: 12040:. pp. 485–512. 12022:Upal, Muhammad Afzal 11860:. pp. 233–251. 11713:muslimphilosophy.com 11232:. pp. 724–742. 9890:. 11 December 2006. 9069:Encyclopædia Iranica 9023:, Vol. 10, p. tid738 8704:"Shiʽa and the Jews" 8227:Corbin (1993), p. 48 7775:not only designated 7396:List of Shia Muslims 7260:persecution of Shias 7249:Malaysian government 7129:Shia–Sunnī relations 7119:and a descendant of 7082:Shia–Sunni relations 6747:Zaydī State of Yemen 6133:against the will of 6001:, it is the duty of 5316:United Arab Emirates 4910:6,000,000–9,000,000 4875:7,000,000–8,000,000 4445:in 1514 was a major 4273:Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān 4117:(985–1021), the 6th 4064:promoted Shia Islam. 4035:, in territories in 4027:'s campaigns in the 3970:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi 3968:. It was founded by 3878:In Shia Islam, Imam 3761:ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 3735:. For instance, the 3336:early Islamic empire 3320:Great Mosque of Kufa 3296:ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 3208:Origin of Shia Islam 3062:Great Mosque of Kufa 2847:Mourning of Muharram 2708:in the house of the 1935:, the family of the 1887:improve this section 1876:to meet Knowledge's 1838:, and the family of 1432:, who was appointed 1345:(656–661 CE) as his 1334:. It holds that the 967:Association football 521:Umm Kulthum bint Ali 200:Mourning of Muharram 130:Mourning of Muharram 23647:Trinidad and Tobago 23542:Antigua and Barbuda 22710:Religion by country 21766:Cult of Magna Mater 20239:Philippine Dayawism 19820:Nimbarka Sampradaya 19568:Chinese Manichaeism 19240:Jehovah's Witnesses 19045:Proto-Protestantism 16965:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 16712:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 16684:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 16482:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 16144:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 15451:Other Salafi trends 15280:Musta'li Isma'ilism 15196:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 14587:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 14351:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 14001:Zakariyya al-Ansari 12713:. Westport, Conn.: 12707:Cornell, Vincent J. 12425:Columbia University 12415:Plagued by the West 12413:Al-e Ahmad, Jalal. 12372:Nasr, Vali (2006). 12117:10.3390/rel10080483 11080:on 27 December 2006 10977:, pp. 250–251. 10051:Library of Congress 9965:US State Department 9910:National Geographic 9814:Pew Research Center 9761:Pew Research Center 9611:, pp. 130, 191 9354:on 19 October 2006. 9325:on 23 February 2007 9125:. 13 January 2015. 8540:Central Asia/Russia 8487:Wall Street Journal 7771:For Shiʿi Muslims, 7649:. 2 February 2007. 7268:genocide of Yazidis 7235:During the rule of 7198:otherworldly reward 7131:has often involved 7017:Shabab al-Mu'mineen 6994:Sunnī jurisprudence 6928:) in 864 CE by the 6782:population of Yemen 6422:After the death of 5755:Occultation (Islam) 5706:Ash-Sharif Ar-Radhi 5029:Majority following 4946:4,575,000–5,590,000 4941:Islam in Azerbaijan 4919:Majority following 4884:Majority following 4871:Shia Islam in Yemen 4807:Shi'a Islam in Iraq 4705: 4694:Pew Research Center 4615:of Medina, and the 4467:Battle of Chaldiran 4443:Battle of Chaldiran 4423:The declaration of 4281:ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī 3882:is regarded as the 3837:Occultation (Islam) 3429:and a companion of 3352:Battle of the Camel 3224:The investiture of 3152:(jurists), such as 3036:in Mashhad and the 2626:Hadith of the Cloak 2459:Occultation (Islam) 2369:) to the prophets ( 2063:Mosque of Ibn Tulun 1929:) should hail from 1569:Indian subcontinent 728:Profession of Faith 701:Day of Resurrection 536:Ruqayya bint Husayn 443:Extinct Shi'a sects 163:Days of remembrance 150:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage 145:The Four Companions 23582:Dominican Republic 22628:Abrahamic prophets 21717:Proto-Indo-Iranian 20212:Aliran Kepercayaan 19415:Non-denominational 19337:Modernist Salafism 19023:Oriental Orthodoxy 18772:Quran and miracles 18686:Criticism of Islam 18390:Geometric patterns 18242:Gender segregation 17813:Non-denominational 17264:Other scholars of 17155:Islamic modernists 17129:Modernist Salafism 16785:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 16744:Abdullah ibn Saba' 16679:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 16564:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 16552:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 16543:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 16474:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 15796:Astarabadi (Naimi) 15526:Abdullah al-Harari 15480:Muhammad bin Dawud 15413:Syed Nazeer Husain 15148:Tabsirat al-Adilla 15062:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 14897:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 14744:Syed Nazeer Husain 14667:Salafi Theologians 14419:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 14391:Muhammad Abu Zahra 14176:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 14026:Abdul Qadir Gilani 13335:Harvard University 13200:. Overlook Press. 12715:Praeger Publishers 12676: • 12659: • 12522:. globalpost.com. 12395:Dictionary of Wars 12354:on 26 January 2007 12336:on 13 August 2009. 12284:on 29 October 2019 12149:Arab Law Quarterly 11996:. 7 October 2015. 11974:. 7 October 2015. 11858:Palgrave Macmillan 11509:on 27 January 2007 10946:"اخوانی گوشه‌نشین" 10472:The World Factbook 10137:The World Factbook 9823:on 13 January 2010 9764:. 7 October 2009. 9680:The World Factbook 9643:. 7 October 2009. 9583:Francis Robinson, 9250:Nasr (1979), p. 15 9227:عسکری, سید مرتضی. 9202:Nasr (1979), p. 10 8824:Newman, Andrew J. 8794:Francis Robinson, 8630:on 2 January 2017. 8151:Francis Robinson, 7999:"Shiʻite Doctrine" 7957:"Ijtihad in Islam" 7381:List of Shia books 7125: 7117:Twelver Shia Islam 7066:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh 6755: 6739: 6664:Al-Hurra Al-Malika 6552:) and appointed a 6520:split between the 6518:Musta‘lī Ismāʿīlīs 6480:Abrahamic religion 6456:("Missionaries"). 6424:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar 6345:(primarily in the 6265: 6170:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar 6122:(1905–1911), when 6074:Muslim Brotherhood 6007:Islamic literature 5634:is one and unique; 5605:(65% of Muslims). 5498:, followed by the 4703: 4641:in Indonesia (see 4536:Shia Islam is the 4534: 4526: 4350:The growth of the 4293: 4135: 4099: 3953:(899–1077 CE): an 3876: 3797:esoteric knowledge 3737:hadith collections 3708: 3698:, the 7th and 8th 3690:, the daughter of 3638: 3619: 3488: 3478:, painting by the 3435: 3425:, a descendant of 3342:, the first major 3324: 3288:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3273:, has ʿAlī as his 3246:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3242: 3226:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3158:Ayatollah Khomeini 3129:People of the Book 2994: 2766: 2571:and Fatimid/Bohra/ 2510: 2411:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 2095: 2007:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1995: 1816:Abrahamic prophets 1780:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1763:European languages 356:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 283:Branches and sects 230:Two weighty things 23852: 23851: 23820: 23819: 23816: 23815: 22804:Equatorial Guinea 22700: 22699: 22696: 22695: 22234:Cognitive science 21853: 21852: 21786:Mysteries of Isis 21398: 21397: 21394: 21393: 21390: 21389: 21142:White Brotherhood 21008: 21007: 20973: 20972: 20416:Keetoowah Society 20273:Sundanese Wiwitan 20090: 20089: 20086: 20085: 19815:Brahma Sampradaya 19777: 19776: 19580: 19579: 19576: 19575: 19558:Assianism/Uatsdin 19476: 19475: 19245:British Israelism 19231:Nontrinitarianism 19194:Plymouth Brethren 19189:Nondenominational 19123:Congregationalism 19011:Eastern Orthodoxy 18959:Reconstructionist 18823: 18822: 18789: 18788: 18785: 18784: 18757:Domestic violence 18747:Islamic terrorism 18742:Islamic extremism 18563: 18562: 18559: 18558: 18331: 18330: 18327: 18326: 18117:Marriage contract 17947: 17946: 17907:Political aspects 17636:Story of Prophets 17405:Prophets of Islam 17308: 17307: 17304: 17303: 17300: 17299: 17256: 17255: 17065:Muhammad Jaunpuri 16992: 16991: 16918:Sumāma ibn Ashras 16754: 16753: 16605:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 16580: 16579: 16450:Gaylān ibn Marwān 16347: 16346: 16199: 16198: 15862:Abdallah al-Aftah 15678: 15677: 15591: 15590: 15575:Necmettin Erbakan 15417:Siddiq Hasan Khan 15381:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 15315: 15314: 15311: 15310: 15289: 15288: 15229:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 15223:Tashih al-I'tiqad 15134:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 15070: 15069: 15052:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 15019:Idris Imad al-Din 14972:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 14947:Ruhollah Khomeini 14927:Zurarah ibn A'yan 14902:Sharif al-Murtaza 14890:Muhammad al-Mahdi 14875:Muhammad al-Jawad 14855:Muhammad al-Baqir 14756:Siddiq Hasan Khan 14732:Rabee al-Madkhali 14381:Murtada al-Zabidi 14156:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 13922: 13921: 13729: 13728: 13245:978-0-8156-2411-0 13226:978-1-4254-7916-9 13207:978-1-58567-896-9 13190:Rogerson, Barnaby 13181:978-0-88706-843-0 13155:978-964-438-320-5 13127:978-0-300-03499-8 13105:978-3-643-80049-7 13086:978-1-86064-434-4 13067:978-1-55876-437-8 13048:978-0-7486-1888-0 13026:978-0-674-06428-7 13000:978-1-906497-51-4 12964:978-1-904934-01-1 12945:978-0-87395-390-0 12926:978-0-87395-272-9 12904:978-1-86064-780-2 12891:Shah-Kazemi, Reza 12878:978-0-19-511915-2 12856:978-0-521-77933-3 12834:978-0-521-29136-1 12808:978-0-7914-7033-6 12789:978-0-7103-0416-2 12765:978-0-02-865604-5 12724:978-0-275-98732-9 12597:SAGE Publications 12382:978-0-393-06211-3 12258:978-0-8261-2857-7 12057:978-90-04-43554-4 12018:Cusack, Carole M. 11875:978-3-030-35578-4 11854:Cham, Switzerland 11767:978-1-86064-321-7 11676:978-0-7661-3704-2 11649:978-0-691-10099-9 11565:on 23 April 2005. 11484:978-0-7486-0687-0 11456:978-1-135-98079-5 11402:978-1-906999-25-4 11377:978-1-78831-559-3 11249:978-90-04-43554-4 11210:Cusack, Carole M. 11136:978-0-7486-0687-0 10907:978-1-939420-00-8 10864:Iran: the Culture 10843:. 25 March 2011. 10824:978-0-19-515713-0 10783:978-0-19-515713-0 10754:978-0-19-515713-0 10710:978-0-8108-7965-2 10671:978-0-7486-7833-4 10423:978-0-313-31333-2 10384:978-3-89958-406-6 10295:978-1-4379-4439-6 10188:978-1-137-03178-5 10053:. February 2005. 10022:978-0-7007-1606-7 9919:978-1-4262-0221-6 9558:978-0-521-29163-7 9511:978-0-8160-6259-1 9467:978-0-415-05914-5 9439:978-0-521-26645-1 9405:978-0-15-501197-7 9376:978-0-393-91847-2 9274:978-0-02-865604-5 9181:on 28 August 2021 8942:978-1-4928-5884-3 8854:978-0-19-515713-0 8813:978-0-19-579387-1 8684:978-1-138-21322-7 8544:Asia Times Online 8458:. 18 March 2017. 8354:978-0-9914308-6-4 8312:978-1-59257-222-9 8266:978-0-88706-843-0 8244:on 17 April 2014. 8103:. 9 December 2010 8058:978-0-19-515713-0 7959:. AlQazwini.org. 7931:"Druze and Islam" 7916:978-0-02-865603-8 7858:978-1-904934-01-1 7715:on behalf of the 7573:978-1-4411-4645-8 7550:, Vol. 10, p. 738 7522:978-1-7936-2136-8 7497:978-1-7936-2136-8 7426:Shia Rights Watch 7292:Shia Islam portal 7218:First Saudi State 6637: 6636: 6465:Fatimid Caliphate 6223:deeds and sayings 6112:Muhammad al-Mahdi 6076:and mysticism of 5900:: justice of God; 5724:Wasa'il al-Shiʻah 5520:Shīʿīte clergymen 5471: 5470: 5150:Islam in Tanzania 4496:Islam by country 4475:killed each other 4271:, the Sunnī Imam 4257:official religion 4174:Fatimid Caliphate 4102:Fatimid Caliphate 4088:Fatimid Caliphate 4029:Khwarezmid Empire 3978:(934–1055 CE): a 3930:Battle of Karbala 3833:Muhammad al-Mahdi 3805:divine revelation 3778:Battle of Karbala 3722:hadith literature 3718:Shia–Sunnī divide 3596:Fatimid depiction 3548:Battle of Karbala 3476:Battle of Karbala 3402:Battle of Karbala 3212:Ali ibn Abi Taleb 3137:Armenians in Iran 2930:Muhammad al-Mahdi 2569:Ṭayyibi Ismāʿīlīs 2557:12th Shīʿīte Imam 2498:12th Shīʿīte Imam 2473:Minor Occultation 2469:Major Occultation 2442:al-insan al-kamil 2439: 2403: 2383: 2363: 2286: 2274: 2238: 2217: 2196: 2156: 2137: 2027: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1878:quality standards 1869:This section may 1577:governance system 1494:Battle of Karbala 1492:martyrdom in the 1476:and his two sons 1471: 1410: 1387: 1363: 1343:Ali ibn Abi Talib 1298: 1297: 1228:Deobandi jihadism 633: 632: 566:Fatimah bint Asad 531:Fatima bint Hasan 260:Battle of Karbala 16:(Redirected from 23872: 23842: 23832: 23831: 23710:Papua New Guinea 23685:Marshall Islands 23512:Northern Ireland 22717: 22716: 22706: 22705: 22590:Secular theology 22585:Secular humanism 21870: 21869: 21859: 21858: 21734:Ancestral Pueblo 21404: 21403: 21023: 21022: 20700: 20699: 20101: 20100: 19857:Shaiva Siddhanta 19788: 19787: 19721:Korean shamanism 19600: 19599: 19591: 19590: 19487: 19486: 19400:Mahdawi movement 19270:Swedenborgianism 19250:Christadelphians 18896: 18895: 18887: 18886: 18878: 18877: 18865: 18864: 18850: 18843: 18836: 18827: 18826: 18813: 18812: 18805:Islam portal 18803: 18802: 18801: 18583: 18582: 18575: 18569: 18568: 18410:Medieval science 18353: 18352: 18343: 18337: 18336: 17994:Economic history 17977: 17976: 17953: 17952: 17939:Islam by country 17724:Bektashi Alevism 17362: 17361: 17353:Outline of Islam 17335: 17328: 17321: 17312: 17311: 17007: 17006: 16773: 16772: 16591: 16590: 16567:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 16549:Awn ibn Abdullāh 16536:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 16506:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 16372: 16371: 16216: 16215: 16185:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 16154:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 16123:Khashabiyya Shia 16059:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 16017:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 15800:Imadaddin Nasimi 15705: 15704: 15602: 15601: 15473:Salafi Modernism 15376:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 15343: 15342: 15334: 15333: 15321: 15320: 15217:Awail Al Maqalat 15099:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 15079: 15078: 15009:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 14964:Isma'ili Shi'ism 14952:Wilayat al-faqih 14932:Hisham ibn Hakam 14917:Allamah Al-Hilli 14141:Muhammad Mayyara 13933: 13932: 13803: 13802: 13796: 13795: 13771: 13770: 13763:Islamic theology 13756: 13749: 13742: 13733: 13732: 13457: 13450: 13443: 13434: 13433: 13429: 13427: 13425: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13383: 13381: 13379: 13374:on 31 March 2022 13350: 13348: 13346: 13310: 13269: 13249: 13230: 13211: 13199: 13185: 13159: 13131: 13109: 13090: 13071: 13052: 13030: 13004: 12976: 12949: 12930: 12908: 12887:Sobhani, Ja'afar 12882: 12860: 12838: 12812: 12793: 12769: 12746: 12744: 12742: 12728: 12692: 12691: 12674: 12657: 12643: 12637: 12636: 12618: 12608: 12578: 12572: 12571: 12569: 12567: 12561: 12550: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12516: 12510: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12489: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12456: 12450: 12449: 12448:on 21 July 2011. 12444:. 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Archived from 11070: 11064: 11061:The Shia Revival 11057: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11031: 11025: 11024: 10984: 10978: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10942: 10936: 10930: 10924: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10894: 10888: 10885: 10879: 10878: 10858: 10849: 10848: 10833: 10827: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10800: 10792: 10786: 10775: 10769: 10763: 10757: 10744:Esposito, John. 10742: 10736: 10730: 10724: 10721: 10715: 10714: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10636: 10630: 10623: 10617: 10616: 10605: 10599: 10598: 10590: 10584: 10583: 10575: 10566: 10565: 10558: 10552: 10551: 10543: 10537: 10536: 10516: 10507: 10506: 10501:Umutlu, Ayseba. 10498: 10492: 10491: 10483: 10477: 10476: 10463: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10396: 10368: 10362: 10361: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10253: 10247: 10246: 10244: 10242: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10199: 10193: 10192: 10174: 10168: 10162: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10148: 10122: 10116: 10115: 10108: 10106: 10100: 10089: 10081: 10075: 10074: 10067: 10065: 10059: 10041: 10033: 10027: 10026: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9984: 9976: 9970: 9969: 9956: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9930: 9924: 9923: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9880: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9869: 9854: 9845: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9822: 9816:. Archived from 9811: 9800: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9773: 9752: 9727: 9726: 9721: 9719: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9693: 9691: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9654: 9652: 9637: 9626: 9625: 9618: 9612: 9606: 9600: 9594: 9588: 9581: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9485: 9476: 9475: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9347:Bahmanid Dynasty 9341: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9315: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9299:on 12 April 2020 9285: 9279: 9278: 9260: 9251: 9248: 9242: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9224: 9218: 9212: 9203: 9200: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9167: 9158: 9157: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9106:these two swords 9090: 9084: 9081: 9075: 9074: 9062: 9056: 9055: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9030: 9024: 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8997:. 4 January 2016 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8926: 8920: 8919: 8892: 8883: 8882: 8880: 8878: 8863: 8857: 8846: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8821: 8815: 8805: 8799: 8792: 8786: 8783: 8777: 8774: 8768: 8765: 8759: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8726: 8720: 8719: 8718: 8716: 8706: 8698: 8689: 8688: 8670: 8661: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8641: 8632: 8631: 8626:. Archived from 8607: 8601: 8600: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8567: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8523:. 20 April 2003. 8517: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8478: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8340: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8300: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8274: 8268: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8234: 8228: 8225: 8219: 8216: 8210: 8204: 8198: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8181: 8162: 8156: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8125:Dabashi (2006). 8122: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8067: 8061: 8050: 8039: 8028: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7994: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7953: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7902: 7883: 7877: 7871: 7870: 7844: 7838: 7832: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7813: 7785:Muslim community 7728: 7694: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7631: 7625: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7557: 7551: 7540: 7527: 7526: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7483: 7466: 7458: 7431:Shia view of Ali 7322: 7317: 7316: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7294: 7289: 7288: 7204:." In 1802, the 7194:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad 6899: 6898: 6865: 6698:Sulaymani Bohras 6575: 6534:Sulaymani Bohras 6501:(the older) and 6269:Nizārī community 6261:Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs 6182:6th Shīʿīte Imam 6131:Ahmad Shah Qajar 6102:Hadi Khosroshahi 6067: 6058:Islamist Shīʿīsm 6005:to refer to the 5997:is currently in 5941:(pilgrimage) to 5773:Muslim community 5735:The Twelve Imams 5729:al-Hurr al-Amili 5583:6th Shīʿīte Imam 5567:the Twelve Imams 5551:Ithnāʿashariyyah 5516:6th Shīʿīte Imam 5467:and 45% Sunni). 5443: 5442: 5413: 5412: 5383: 5382: 5344: 5343: 5314: 5313: 5291:Islam in Germany 5284: 5283: 5250: 5249: 5223:Islam in Bahrain 5216: 5215: 5184:500,000–700,000 5173: 5172: 5143: 5142: 5104: 5103: 5075: 5074: 5044: 5043: 5009: 5008: 4970: 4969: 4934: 4933: 4899: 4898: 4864: 4863: 4834: 4833: 4800: 4799: 4769: 4768: 4735: 4734: 4706: 4702: 4660:centered around 4658:Shīʿīte movement 4609:Eastern Province 4586:, and 10–19% of 4521: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4488:Islam by country 4462: 4439: 4420: 4317:Mongol conquests 4193: 4189: 4121:caliph and 16th 4096: 4093: 3939:(788–985 CE): a 3862:and his brother 3733:history of Islam 3658:esoteric meaning 3523: 3514: 3453:Amir al-Mu'minin 3431:Muhammad al-Taqī 3368:Battle of Siffin 3280:Amir al-Mu'minin 3068:in Qom, and the 3050:Al-Askari Mosque 3042:Kadhimiya Mosque 3032:in Karbala, The 3008:, the cities of 2900:6th Shīʿīte Imam 2673:6th Shīʿīte Imam 2604:, including the 2593:Hadith tradition 2550:Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs 2522:messianic figure 2444: 2434: 2432: 2419:Muslim community 2408: 2398: 2396: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2281: 2279: 2269: 2267: 2233: 2231: 2212: 2210: 2191: 2189: 2151: 2149: 2140:Ali-un-Waliullah 2132: 2130: 2110: 2082: 2081: 2075:Ali-un-Waliullah 2032: 2022: 2020: 2001:is appointed by 1966:Ali in the Quran 1956:Shia view of Ali 1923:Muslim community 1910: 1903: 1899: 1896: 1890: 1864: 1863: 1856: 1834:, the family of 1812:history of Islam 1776:Muslim community 1773: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1618: 1606: 1598: 1592: 1490:Husayn ibn Ali's 1486:Muslim community 1466: 1464: 1415: 1405: 1403: 1382: 1380: 1368: 1358: 1356: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1262:Islam portal 1260: 1259: 1258: 658: 635: 634: 625: 618: 611: 597: 596: 576:Ruqayya bint Ali 551:Fatima bint Musa 65: 56: 50: 49: 39: 38: 21: 23880: 23879: 23875: 23874: 23873: 23871: 23870: 23869: 23855: 23854: 23853: 23848: 23812: 23739: 23720:Solomon Islands 23656: 23528: 23432:North Macedonia 23273: 22998: 22711: 22692: 22653:Mass gatherings 22621: 22616: 22609: 22548: 22543: 22534: 22468:Religiocentrism 22448:National church 22316: 22313: 22305: 22220: 22213: 22150: 22072:Bodies of water 21864: 21849: 21634:Jamaican Maroon 21411: 21386: 21323: 21153: 21146: 21017: 21015: 21004: 20969: 20943:Trinidad Orisha 20728: 20721: 20694: 20687: 20614: 20577: 20568:Washat Dreamers 20284: 20277: 20173: 20155: 20082: 20056:Srilankan Vedda 20007: 19935: 19810:Sri Vaishnavism 19773: 19735: 19707: 19665: 19572: 19546: 19513: 19472: 19426: 19351:Twelver Shi'ism 19293: 19155:Neo-charismatic 19128:Presbyterianism 18980: 18872: 18859: 18854: 18824: 18819: 18799: 18797: 18781: 18703:Cultural Muslim 18674: 18641: 18587:Other religions 18577: 18573: 18555: 18490: 18457: 18404: 18347: 18345:Islamic studies 18341: 18323: 18157: 18102: 18079: 18026: 17971: 17970: 17943: 17892:Moral teachings 17835: 17817: 17791:Nation of Islam 17704:Twelver Shi'ism 17641: 17607:Religious texts 17601: 17519:Early conquests 17502: 17484: 17436: 17356: 17345: 17339: 17309: 17296: 17252: 17209: 17180:Ahmed Raza Khan 17161: 17115: 17105:Fethullah Gülen 17080:Nation of Islam 17001: 16998: 16988: 16931: 16908:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 16836: 16828: 16766: 16762: 16750: 16671:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 16641: 16576: 16561:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 16519: 16436: 16365: 16362: 16359: 16355: 16343: 16294: 16207: 16195: 16129: 16003: 15996: 15964:Hassan-i Sabbah 15847: 15839: 15711: 15698: 15694: 15690: 15686: 15674: 15639:Hasan al-Utrush 15587: 15553:Ahmed Raza Khan 15499: 15491: 15398:Dawud al-Zahiri 15349: 15328: 15307: 15285: 15234: 15181: 15141:Kitab al-Tawhid 15066: 15028: 14958: 14885:Hasan al-Askari 14860:Ja'far al-Sadiq 14822:Twelver Shi'ism 14816: 14788:Salafi Jihadism 14783:Osama bin Laden 14766:Safar Al-Hawali 14727:Saleh Al-Fawzan 14661: 14631: 14624:Sahib ibn Abbad 14619:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 14584:Ja'far ibn Harb 14549:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 14546: 14538: 14506: 14467:ī (Muqātilīyya) 14447: 14405: 14361:Shah Abdul Aziz 14234: 14226: 14180: 14166:Ahmad al-Dardir 14051:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 13939: 13918: 13890: 13862: 13829: 13790: 13789: 13765: 13760: 13730: 13725: 13464: 13461: 13423: 13421: 13398: 13396: 13377: 13375: 13344: 13342: 13321: 13318: 13313: 13291:10.3751/74.2.14 13246: 13227: 13208: 13182: 13156: 13128: 13106: 13087: 13068: 13049: 13027: 13001: 12984: 12982:Further reading 12979: 12965: 12946: 12927: 12905: 12879: 12857: 12835: 12809: 12790: 12766: 12754:. Vol. 1: 12740: 12738: 12731: 12725: 12711:Voices of Islam 12701: 12696: 12695: 12675: 12658: 12644: 12640: 12579: 12575: 12565: 12563: 12559: 12548: 12544: 12543: 12539: 12529: 12527: 12518: 12517: 12513: 12503: 12501: 12490: 12486: 12476: 12474: 12457: 12453: 12436: 12435: 12431: 12412: 12408: 12392: 12388: 12371: 12367: 12357: 12355: 12346: 12345: 12341: 12328: 12327: 12323: 12313: 12311: 12310:on 4 April 2011 12302: 12301: 12297: 12287: 12285: 12270: 12266: 12259: 12243: 12239: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12200: 12194: 12187: 12140: 12133: 12082: 12073: 12058: 12014: 12005: 11988: 11987: 11983: 11966: 11965: 11961: 11951: 11949: 11940: 11939: 11935: 11925: 11923: 11900: 11891: 11876: 11842: 11833: 11823: 11821: 11812: 11811: 11807: 11798: 11794: 11783:"al-Uk̲h̲ayḍir" 11779: 11775: 11768: 11754: 11750: 11741: 11737: 11728: 11724: 11707: 11706: 11702: 11689: 11688: 11684: 11677: 11661: 11657: 11650: 11628: 11624: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11589: 11585: 11574: 11570: 11557: 11556: 11552: 11542: 11540: 11527: 11526: 11522: 11512: 11510: 11497: 11496: 11492: 11485: 11471: 11467: 11457: 11443: 11439: 11429: 11427: 11426:. 8 August 2018 11418: 11417: 11413: 11403: 11389: 11385: 11378: 11364: 11360: 11350: 11348: 11339: 11338: 11334: 11269: 11265: 11250: 11206: 11191: 11156:Iranian Studies 11148: 11144: 11137: 11123: 11119: 11109: 11107: 11098: 11097: 11093: 11083: 11081: 11072: 11071: 11067: 11058: 11054: 11044: 11042: 11033: 11032: 11028: 10985: 10981: 10973: 10969: 10959: 10957: 10944: 10943: 10939: 10931: 10927: 10919: 10915: 10908: 10896: 10895: 10891: 10886: 10882: 10875: 10859: 10852: 10835: 10834: 10830: 10817: 10813: 10805: 10798: 10794: 10793: 10789: 10776: 10772: 10764: 10760: 10743: 10739: 10731: 10727: 10722: 10718: 10711: 10695: 10691: 10681: 10679: 10672: 10652: 10648: 10637: 10633: 10624: 10620: 10607: 10606: 10602: 10591: 10587: 10576: 10569: 10560: 10559: 10555: 10544: 10540: 10533: 10517: 10510: 10499: 10495: 10484: 10480: 10465: 10464: 10460: 10450: 10448: 10435: 10431: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10394: 10392: 10385: 10369: 10365: 10358: 10342: 10338: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10254: 10250: 10240: 10238: 10235:The Independent 10227: 10223: 10213: 10211: 10200: 10196: 10189: 10175: 10171: 10163: 10159: 10146: 10144: 10124: 10123: 10119: 10104: 10102: 10101:on 8 April 2014 10098: 10087: 10083: 10082: 10078: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10030: 10023: 10007: 10003: 9995: 9982: 9978: 9977: 9973: 9958: 9957: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9932: 9931: 9927: 9920: 9904: 9903: 9899: 9882: 9881: 9877: 9867: 9865: 9860:. Mafhoum.com. 9856: 9855: 9848: 9840: 9836: 9826: 9824: 9820: 9809: 9801: 9784: 9771: 9769: 9754: 9753: 9730: 9717: 9715: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9689: 9687: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9650: 9648: 9639: 9638: 9629: 9620: 9619: 9615: 9607: 9603: 9595: 9591: 9582: 9578: 9568: 9566: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9529: 9527: 9512: 9486: 9479: 9468: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9420: 9416: 9406: 9392:Gatzke, Hans W. 9388: 9384: 9377: 9363: 9359: 9342: 9338: 9328: 9326: 9317: 9316: 9312: 9302: 9300: 9287: 9286: 9282: 9275: 9261: 9254: 9249: 9245: 9240: 9236: 9225: 9221: 9213: 9206: 9201: 9194: 9184: 9182: 9169: 9168: 9161: 9138: 9134: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9091: 9087: 9082: 9078: 9063: 9059: 9050: 9049: 9045: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9014: 9010: 9000: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8984: 8974: 8972: 8965:www.alhewar.com 8959: 8958: 8954: 8943: 8927: 8923: 8893: 8886: 8876: 8874: 8865: 8864: 8860: 8847: 8843: 8833: 8831: 8822: 8818: 8806: 8802: 8793: 8789: 8784: 8780: 8775: 8771: 8766: 8762: 8757: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8728: 8727: 8723: 8714: 8712: 8699: 8692: 8685: 8671: 8664: 8655: 8653: 8642: 8635: 8624: 8608: 8604: 8597: 8581: 8577: 8561: 8560: 8549: 8547: 8532: 8528: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8504: 8502: 8479: 8475: 8465: 8463: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8426: 8422: 8415: 8399: 8395: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8366: 8362: 8355: 8341: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8301: 8297: 8287: 8285: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8253: 8249: 8236: 8235: 8231: 8226: 8222: 8217: 8213: 8205: 8201: 8193: 8189: 8179: 8177: 8164: 8163: 8159: 8150: 8146: 8139: 8123: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8080: 8078: 8069: 8068: 8064: 8051: 8042: 8029: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7995: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7940: 7938: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7917: 7903: 7886: 7878: 7874: 7859: 7845: 7841: 7833: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7789:his descendants 7695: 7678: 7672:Ṭabataba'i 1977 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7633: 7632: 7628: 7600: 7596: 7585: 7581: 7574: 7558: 7554: 7541: 7530: 7523: 7509: 7505: 7498: 7484: 7480: 7475: 7470: 7469: 7459: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7320:Religion portal 7318: 7311: 7304: 7299: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7280: 7272:Second Iraq War 7258:organization's 7230:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 7127:The history of 7090: 7084: 7076:Main articles: 7074: 7060:Salafi-jihadist 7009:Houthi movement 6896: 6884: 6863: 6848: 6836:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 6810:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 6790: 6720: 6714: 6642: 6564: 6373: 6367: 6178:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 6159: 6153: 6124:Fazlullah Nouri 6070:Twelver Shīʿīsm 6055: 6003:Shīʿīte clerics 5821: 5815: 5809: 5765: 5751: 5739:Main articles: 5737: 5701:Nahj al-Balagha 5683:, which is the 5677: 5621:are as follow: 5615:five principles 5611: 5579:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 5547:Twelver Shīʿīsm 5544: 5538: 5512:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 5492: 5482: 5476: 5437: 5407: 5377: 5353: 5338: 5308: 5278: 5244: 5228:400,000–500,000 5210: 5167: 5137: 5130:Ibrahim Zakzaky 5098: 5069: 5038: 5003: 4964: 4928: 4893: 4858: 4828: 4794: 4763: 4729: 4690: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4490: 4484: 4477: 4463: 4454: 4440: 4431: 4425:Twelver Shīʿīsm 4421: 4373:Islamic prophet 4324:Shīʿīte clerics 4303:(1501–1736) in 4301:Safavid dynasty 4269:Abbasid caliphs 4237: 4231:Safavid dynasty 4229:Main articles: 4227: 4212:al-Azhar Mosque 4111:Al-Hakim Mosque 4104: 4094: 4015:established in 4005:(1256–1335): a 3926: 3920: 3900:Masih ad-Dajjal 3888:Day of Judgment 3853: 3843: 3827:Main articles: 3825: 3782:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 3780:of ʿAlī's son, 3726:Islamic prophet 3704:Twelver Shīʿīsm 3583: 3577: 3572:Imamate of the 3540: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3516: 3515: 3491:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 3484:Brooklyn Museum 3404: 3392:Main articles: 3390: 3366:. However, the 3218: 3206:Main articles: 3204: 3196:Louis Massignon 3186: 3180: 3141:Iranian economy 3113:Twelver Shi'ism 3109: 3066:Jamkaran Mosque 2967: 2961: 2946:Eid al-Mubahila 2910:Jumada al-Thani 2896:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 2855:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 2812: 2806: 2743: 2731: 2726: 2724:Other doctrines 2706:Ark of Covenant 2669:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 2648: 2595: 2530:Twelver Shīʿīsm 2486:Jamkaran Mosque 2479: 2465: 2457:Main articles: 2455: 2277:'Iṣmah or 'Isma 2255: 2249: 2243:Infallibility ( 2089:(custodian) of 2083:: "ʿAlī is the 2051: 1968: 1962: 1954:Main articles: 1952: 1937:Islamic prophet 1911: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1884: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1848: 1736: 1732: 1714: 1708: 1690: 1686: 1659: 1655: 1624: 1620: 1585: 1505:Twelver Shi'ism 1336:Islamic prophet 1308: 1304: 1294: 1256: 1254: 1247: 1246: 1223:Salafi jihadism 1181:Other religions 1176:Arabic language 1138: 1128: 1127: 1056:Moral teachings 947: 933: 932: 923:Spread of Islam 868: 858: 857: 845:(jurisprudence) 827:Qisas al-Anbiya 776: 775: 755: 754: 723: 713: 712: 668: 629: 591: 586: 585: 516:Zaynab bint Ali 496: 488: 487: 458: 448: 447: 361:Sulaymani Bohra 285: 275: 274: 245:Fatimah's house 220: 210: 209: 165: 155: 154: 73: 52: 51: 43: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23878: 23868: 23867: 23850: 23849: 23847: 23846: 23836: 23825: 23822: 23821: 23818: 23817: 23814: 23813: 23811: 23810: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23790: 23785: 23780: 23775: 23770: 23765: 23760: 23755: 23749: 23747: 23741: 23740: 23738: 23737: 23732: 23727: 23722: 23717: 23712: 23707: 23702: 23697: 23692: 23687: 23682: 23677: 23672: 23666: 23664: 23658: 23657: 23655: 23654: 23649: 23644: 23639: 23634: 23629: 23624: 23619: 23614: 23609: 23604: 23599: 23594: 23589: 23584: 23579: 23574: 23569: 23564: 23559: 23554: 23549: 23544: 23538: 23536: 23530: 23529: 23527: 23526: 23525: 23524: 23519: 23514: 23509: 23502:United Kingdom 23499: 23494: 23489: 23484: 23479: 23474: 23469: 23464: 23459: 23454: 23449: 23444: 23439: 23434: 23429: 23424: 23419: 23414: 23409: 23404: 23399: 23394: 23389: 23384: 23379: 23374: 23369: 23364: 23359: 23354: 23349: 23344: 23339: 23334: 23329: 23324: 23319: 23314: 23309: 23304: 23299: 23294: 23289: 23283: 23281: 23275: 23274: 23272: 23271: 23266: 23261: 23256: 23251: 23246: 23241: 23236: 23231: 23226: 23221: 23216: 23211: 23206: 23201: 23196: 23191: 23186: 23181: 23176: 23171: 23166: 23161: 23156: 23151: 23146: 23141: 23136: 23131: 23130: 23129: 23124: 23114: 23109: 23104: 23099: 23094: 23089: 23084: 23079: 23074: 23069: 23064: 23059: 23054: 23049: 23044: 23039: 23034: 23029: 23024: 23019: 23014: 23008: 23006: 23000: 22999: 22997: 22996: 22991: 22986: 22981: 22976: 22971: 22966: 22961: 22956: 22951: 22946: 22941: 22936: 22931: 22926: 22921: 22916: 22911: 22906: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22871: 22866: 22861: 22856: 22851: 22846: 22841: 22836: 22831: 22826: 22821: 22816: 22811: 22806: 22801: 22796: 22791: 22786: 22781: 22776: 22771: 22766: 22761: 22756: 22751: 22746: 22741: 22736: 22731: 22725: 22723: 22713: 22712: 22702: 22701: 22698: 22697: 22694: 22693: 22691: 22690: 22685: 22680: 22675: 22670: 22665: 22660: 22655: 22650: 22645: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22624: 22622: 22614: 22611: 22610: 22608: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22595:Secularization 22592: 22587: 22582: 22577: 22575:Deconstruction 22572: 22567: 22562: 22557: 22551: 22549: 22539: 22536: 22535: 22533: 22532: 22527: 22526: 22525: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22500: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22480: 22475: 22470: 22465: 22460: 22455: 22450: 22445: 22440: 22435: 22430: 22425: 22423:Fundamentalism 22420: 22419: 22418: 22413: 22408: 22403: 22393: 22388: 22383: 22378: 22377: 22376: 22371: 22366: 22356: 22355: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22330: 22325: 22319: 22317: 22310: 22307: 22306: 22304: 22303: 22298: 22293: 22288: 22287: 22286: 22276: 22271: 22266: 22261: 22256: 22251: 22246: 22241: 22236: 22231: 22225: 22223: 22215: 22214: 22212: 22211: 22206: 22201: 22196: 22191: 22186: 22181: 22176: 22171: 22166: 22160: 22158: 22152: 22151: 22149: 22148: 22147: 22146: 22141: 22136: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22111: 22106: 22101: 22096: 22091: 22090: 22089: 22084: 22079: 22074: 22064: 22063: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22042: 22037: 22032: 22027: 22022: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22002: 21997: 21996: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21975: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21925: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21901: 21899:Call to prayer 21896: 21891: 21886: 21884:Disaffiliation 21876: 21874: 21866: 21865: 21855: 21854: 21851: 21850: 21848: 21847: 21842: 21837: 21832: 21827: 21822: 21817: 21812: 21811: 21810: 21805: 21800: 21790: 21789: 21788: 21783: 21778: 21773: 21768: 21758: 21753: 21752: 21751: 21746: 21741: 21731: 21730: 21729: 21724: 21714: 21713: 21712: 21707: 21702: 21697: 21687: 21682: 21681: 21680: 21670: 21669: 21668: 21663: 21653: 21648: 21647: 21646: 21636: 21631: 21626: 21621: 21616: 21611: 21606: 21601: 21596: 21595: 21594: 21589: 21584: 21579: 21577:Greco-Buddhism 21574: 21564: 21563: 21562: 21557: 21552: 21547: 21537: 21532: 21531: 21530: 21520: 21515: 21510: 21509: 21508: 21498: 21493: 21488: 21487: 21486: 21481: 21471: 21466: 21465: 21464: 21459: 21454: 21444: 21439: 21434: 21429: 21428: 21427: 21416: 21413: 21412: 21400: 21399: 21396: 21395: 21392: 21391: 21388: 21387: 21385: 21384: 21383: 21382: 21372: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21352: 21347: 21342: 21337: 21331: 21329: 21325: 21324: 21322: 21321: 21320: 21319: 21307: 21302: 21301: 21300: 21295: 21290: 21285: 21280: 21275: 21270: 21260: 21255: 21250: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21219: 21218: 21208: 21207: 21206: 21201: 21191: 21190: 21189: 21184: 21174: 21169: 21168: 21167: 21158: 21156: 21148: 21147: 21145: 21144: 21139: 21134: 21129: 21128: 21127: 21122: 21112: 21107: 21102: 21097: 21092: 21091: 21090: 21080: 21075: 21070: 21065: 21060: 21055: 21050: 21045: 21040: 21035: 21029: 21027: 21020: 21010: 21009: 21006: 21005: 21003: 21002: 20997: 20992: 20987: 20981: 20979: 20975: 20974: 20971: 20970: 20968: 20967: 20966: 20965: 20960: 20955: 20950: 20945: 20940: 20938:Tambor de Mina 20935: 20930: 20925: 20920: 20915: 20910: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20894: 20893: 20888: 20883: 20864: 20863: 20862: 20861: 20851: 20846: 20841: 20836: 20831: 20826: 20821: 20816: 20811: 20806: 20801: 20796: 20791: 20786: 20781: 20776: 20771: 20766: 20765: 20764: 20759: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20733: 20731: 20723: 20722: 20720: 20719: 20718: 20717: 20715:Guanche church 20706: 20704: 20697: 20689: 20688: 20686: 20685: 20680: 20675: 20670: 20665: 20660: 20655: 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20624: 20622: 20620:Tibeto-Burmese 20616: 20615: 20613: 20612: 20607: 20602: 20597: 20591: 20589: 20579: 20578: 20576: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20560: 20555: 20554: 20553: 20552: 20551: 20536: 20535: 20534: 20529: 20524: 20514: 20509: 20507:Nuu-chah-nulth 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20488: 20487: 20482: 20477: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20446: 20445: 20440: 20435: 20433:Muscogee Creek 20430: 20425: 20420: 20419: 20418: 20413: 20398: 20393: 20388: 20383: 20374: 20369: 20364: 20359: 20358: 20357: 20352: 20347: 20342: 20332: 20327: 20322: 20321: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20300: 20295: 20289: 20287: 20279: 20278: 20276: 20275: 20270: 20268:Sumbese Marapu 20265: 20264: 20263: 20258: 20248: 20247: 20246: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20220: 20219: 20214: 20206: 20205: 20204: 20199: 20189: 20187:Batak Parmalim 20183: 20181: 20175: 20174: 20172: 20171: 20165: 20163: 20157: 20156: 20154: 20153: 20152: 20151: 20146: 20136: 20135: 20134: 20129: 20124: 20109: 20107: 20098: 20092: 20091: 20088: 20087: 20084: 20083: 20081: 20080: 20079: 20078: 20073: 20063: 20058: 20053: 20048: 20043: 20042: 20041: 20036: 20026: 20021: 20015: 20013: 20009: 20008: 20006: 20005: 19998: 19993: 19992: 19991: 19981: 19980: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19951: 19945: 19943: 19937: 19936: 19934: 19933: 19926: 19921: 19916: 19911: 19906: 19901: 19896: 19895: 19894: 19889: 19884: 19879: 19874: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19849: 19848: 19847: 19842: 19837: 19832: 19827: 19822: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19796: 19794: 19785: 19779: 19778: 19775: 19774: 19772: 19771: 19766: 19761: 19756: 19751: 19745: 19743: 19737: 19736: 19734: 19733: 19728: 19723: 19717: 19715: 19709: 19708: 19706: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19689: 19688: 19675: 19673: 19667: 19666: 19664: 19663: 19662: 19661: 19656: 19646: 19645: 19644: 19639: 19629: 19624: 19619: 19614: 19608: 19606: 19597: 19588: 19582: 19581: 19578: 19577: 19574: 19573: 19571: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19554: 19552: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19529: 19523: 19521: 19515: 19514: 19512: 19511: 19506: 19501: 19499:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 19495: 19493: 19484: 19478: 19477: 19474: 19473: 19471: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19434: 19432: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19424: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19402: 19397: 19392: 19387: 19386: 19385: 19375: 19370: 19369: 19368: 19363: 19358: 19353: 19343: 19342: 19341: 19340: 19339: 19334: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19303: 19301: 19295: 19294: 19292: 19291: 19284: 19283: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19236:Bible Students 19228: 19223: 19218: 19213: 19208: 19206:Restorationism 19203: 19202: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19185: 19184: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19162:Evangelicalism 19159: 19158: 19157: 19152: 19147: 19137: 19136: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19115: 19110: 19105: 19104: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19088: 19083: 19073: 19063: 19062: 19061: 19056: 19042: 19041: 19040: 19035: 19025: 19020: 19019: 19018: 19008: 19007: 19006: 19001: 18990: 18988: 18982: 18981: 18979: 18978: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18956: 18951: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18935: 18934: 18933: 18932: 18922: 18921: 18920: 18904: 18902: 18893: 18884: 18874: 18873: 18861: 18860: 18853: 18852: 18845: 18838: 18830: 18821: 18820: 18818: 18817: 18807: 18794: 18791: 18790: 18787: 18786: 18783: 18782: 18780: 18779: 18774: 18769: 18764: 18759: 18754: 18749: 18744: 18739: 18738: 18737: 18727: 18726: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18705: 18700: 18699: 18698: 18693: 18682: 18680: 18679:Related topics 18676: 18675: 18673: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18651: 18649: 18643: 18642: 18640: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18613: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18591: 18589: 18579: 18578: 18565: 18564: 18561: 18560: 18557: 18556: 18554: 18553: 18548: 18541: 18536: 18535: 18534: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18498: 18496: 18492: 18491: 18489: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18467: 18465: 18459: 18458: 18456: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18414: 18412: 18406: 18405: 18403: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18361: 18359: 18349: 18348: 18333: 18332: 18329: 18328: 18325: 18324: 18322: 18321: 18316: 18315: 18314: 18302: 18300:Sources of law 18297: 18292: 18291: 18290: 18280: 18273: 18268: 18261: 18256: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18207: 18200: 18199: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18178: 18173: 18165: 18163: 18159: 18158: 18156: 18155: 18148: 18141: 18134: 18127: 18120: 18113: 18105: 18103: 18101: 18100: 18095: 18090: 18084: 18081: 18080: 18078: 18077: 18070: 18065: 18058: 18051: 18044: 18036: 18034: 18028: 18027: 18025: 18024: 18017: 18010: 18003: 17996: 17991: 17985: 17983: 17973: 17972: 17969: 17968: 17963: 17957: 17949: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17942: 17941: 17936: 17931: 17926: 17924:Social welfare 17921: 17916: 17909: 17904: 17899: 17894: 17889: 17884: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17864: 17859: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17838: 17836: 17834: 17833: 17828: 17822: 17819: 17818: 17816: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17804: 17803: 17793: 17788: 17787: 17786: 17781: 17780: 17779: 17774: 17773: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17749: 17735: 17734: 17733: 17728: 17727: 17726: 17716: 17711: 17706: 17696: 17691: 17690: 17689: 17688: 17687: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17651: 17649: 17643: 17642: 17640: 17639: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17611: 17609: 17603: 17602: 17600: 17599: 17598: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17550: 17545: 17538: 17531: 17529:Historiography 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17505: 17503: 17501: 17500: 17495: 17489: 17486: 17485: 17483: 17482: 17475: 17468: 17461: 17454: 17446: 17444: 17438: 17437: 17435: 17434: 17429: 17424: 17417: 17412: 17407: 17402: 17401: 17400: 17390: 17383: 17382: 17381: 17370: 17368: 17358: 17357: 17350: 17347: 17346: 17338: 17337: 17330: 17323: 17315: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17294: 17289: 17284: 17279: 17274: 17269: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17254: 17253: 17251: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17225: 17219: 17217: 17211: 17210: 17208: 17207: 17202: 17201: 17200: 17195: 17186: 17171: 17169: 17163: 17162: 17160: 17159: 17158: 17157: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17134:Muhammad Abduh 17125: 17123: 17117: 17116: 17114: 17113: 17112: 17111: 17093: 17092: 17091: 17077: 17076: 17075: 17057: 17056: 17055: 17038: 17037: 17036: 17031: 17026: 17015: 17013: 17004: 16994: 16993: 16990: 16989: 16987: 16986: 16985: 16984: 16979: 16977:Rashad Khalifa 16969: 16968: 16967: 16962: 16960:Muhammad Iqbal 16952: 16947: 16941: 16939: 16933: 16932: 16930: 16929: 16928: 16927: 16921: 16920: 16919: 16913: 16912: 16911: 16910: 16909: 16903: 16900: 16894: 16891: 16890: 16889: 16888: 16887: 16878: 16877: 16876: 16868: 16867: 16866: 16865: 16864: 16859: 16851: 16844: 16842: 16830: 16829: 16827: 16826: 16813: 16811:Bektashi Order 16804: 16795: 16781: 16779: 16770: 16756: 16755: 16752: 16751: 16749: 16748: 16747: 16746: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16725: 16724: 16723: 16715: 16714: 16713: 16707: 16702: 16701: 16700: 16690: 16689: 16688: 16682: 16681: 16680: 16674: 16673: 16672: 16664: 16663: 16662: 16660:Abu al-Khattab 16651: 16649: 16643: 16642: 16640: 16639: 16638: 16637: 16632: 16627: 16618:Abū Hulmān al- 16611: 16608: 16607: 16606: 16599: 16597: 16588: 16582: 16581: 16578: 16577: 16575: 16574: 16573:Amr ibn Murrah 16571: 16570:Ahmad ibn Hārb 16568: 16565: 16562: 16559: 16558:Salm ibn Sālem 16556: 16553: 16550: 16547: 16544: 16541: 16538: 16533: 16527: 16525: 16521: 16520: 16518: 16517: 16516: 16515: 16509: 16508: 16507: 16501: 16500: 16499: 16493: 16492: 16491: 16490:Sāleh ibn Umar 16485: 16484: 16483: 16477: 16476: 16475: 16469: 16468: 16467: 16466:Gassān al-Kūfī 16461: 16460: 16459: 16453: 16452: 16451: 16444: 16442: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16434: 16433: 16432: 16429: 16426: 16423: 16420: 16417: 16414: 16411: 16408: 16405: 16402: 16399: 16396: 16393: 16390: 16387: 16380: 16378: 16369: 16349: 16348: 16345: 16344: 16342: 16341: 16336: 16335: 16334: 16324: 16315: 16313:Jābir ibn Zayd 16310: 16304: 16302: 16296: 16295: 16293: 16292: 16291: 16290: 16281: 16271: 16270: 16269: 16259: 16258: 16257: 16251: 16250: 16249: 16239: 16238: 16237: 16234: 16231: 16224: 16222: 16213: 16201: 16200: 16197: 16196: 16194: 16193: 16188: 16187: 16186: 16181:Tawussite Shia 16178: 16177: 16176: 16162: 16161: 16160: 16146: 16140: 16138: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16127: 16126: 16125: 16120: 16119: 16118: 16113: 16112: 16111: 16106: 16105: 16104: 16099: 16084: 16083: 16082: 16064: 16063: 16062: 16061: 16060: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16049: 16048: 16047: 16044: 16036: 16021: 16020: 16019: 16008: 16006: 15998: 15997: 15995: 15994: 15993: 15992: 15983: 15970: 15956: 15955: 15954: 15942: 15941: 15940: 15935: 15934: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15903: 15902: 15901: 15884: 15866: 15865: 15864: 15853: 15851: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15836: 15835: 15826: 15812: 15811: 15810: 15793: 15775: 15774: 15773: 15747: 15746: 15745: 15740: 15739: 15738: 15733: 15717: 15715: 15702: 15680: 15679: 15676: 15675: 15673: 15672: 15671: 15670: 15665: 15655: 15654: 15653: 15651:Imams of Yemen 15648: 15646:Yahya ibn Umar 15643: 15642: 15641: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15610: 15608: 15599: 15593: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15586: 15585: 15584: 15583: 15582: 15581: 15572: 15559: 15536: 15535: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15518: 15507: 15505: 15493: 15492: 15490: 15489: 15488: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15476: 15475: 15470: 15469: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15448: 15447: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15421: 15420: 15419: 15400: 15390: 15389: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15368: 15367: 15366: 15357: 15355: 15340: 15330: 15329: 15317: 15316: 15313: 15312: 15309: 15308: 15306: 15305: 15300: 15294: 15291: 15290: 15287: 15286: 15284: 15283: 15272: 15261: 15254:Kitab al-Majmu 15250: 15242: 15240: 15236: 15235: 15233: 15232: 15225: 15220: 15213: 15206: 15199: 15191: 15189: 15183: 15182: 15180: 15179: 15172: 15165: 15158: 15151: 15144: 15137: 15130: 15123: 15116: 15109: 15102: 15095: 15092:Asas al-Taqdis 15087: 15085: 15076: 15072: 15071: 15068: 15067: 15065: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15038: 15036: 15030: 15029: 15027: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15005: 15004: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14968: 14966: 14960: 14959: 14957: 14956: 14955: 14954: 14944: 14942:Ja'far Sobhani 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14893: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14845:Husayn ibn Ali 14842: 14837: 14826: 14824: 14818: 14817: 14815: 14814: 14813: 14812: 14804: 14803: 14802: 14792: 14791: 14790: 14780: 14778:Salman al-Ouda 14775: 14774: 14773: 14771:Sahwa movement 14763: 14761:Zubair Ali Zai 14758: 14753: 14752: 14751: 14741: 14740: 14739: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14693: 14692: 14682: 14677: 14671: 14669: 14663: 14662: 14660: 14659: 14658: 14657: 14654: 14651: 14648: 14641: 14639: 14633: 14632: 14630: 14629: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14609:Al-Zamakhshari 14606: 14605: 14604: 14594: 14588: 14585: 14582: 14579: 14573: 14570: 14567: 14564: 14561: 14554: 14552: 14540: 14539: 14537: 14536: 14516: 14514: 14508: 14507: 14505: 14504: 14494: 14493: 14492: 14484: 14468: 14457: 14455: 14449: 14448: 14446: 14445: 14444: 14443: 14442: 14441: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14415: 14413: 14407: 14406: 14404: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14346:Ahmad Sirhindi 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14242: 14240: 14228: 14227: 14225: 14224: 14214: 14207:Malik ibn Anas 14204: 14193: 14191: 14182: 14181: 14179: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13971:Al-Shahrastani 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13947: 13945: 13930: 13924: 13923: 13920: 13919: 13917: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13900: 13898: 13892: 13891: 13889: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13872: 13870: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13839: 13837: 13831: 13830: 13828: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13811: 13809: 13800: 13792: 13791: 13788: 13787: 13784: 13779: 13775: 13767: 13766: 13759: 13758: 13751: 13744: 13736: 13727: 13726: 13724: 13719: 13714: 13709: 13707:United Kingdom 13704: 13699: 13694: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13674: 13669: 13664: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13644: 13639: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13459: 13452: 13445: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13414:United Kingdom 13405: 13384: 13351: 13341:on 4 June 2022 13317: 13316:External links 13314: 13312: 13311: 13285:(2): 243–262. 13270: 13253: 13250: 13244: 13231: 13225: 13212: 13206: 13186: 13180: 13174:. SUNY Press. 13160: 13154: 13132: 13126: 13110: 13104: 13098:. Lit Verlag. 13091: 13085: 13079:. I.B.Tauris. 13072: 13066: 13053: 13047: 13031: 13025: 13011:Dabashi, Hamid 13006: 13005: 12999: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12977: 12963: 12950: 12944: 12931: 12925: 12909: 12903: 12883: 12877: 12861: 12855: 12839: 12833: 12821:Lewis, Bernard 12813: 12807: 12801:. Suny Press. 12794: 12788: 12770: 12764: 12747: 12729: 12723: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12638: 12573: 12537: 12511: 12484: 12451: 12429: 12406: 12386: 12365: 12339: 12321: 12295: 12264: 12257: 12237: 12185: 12131: 12071: 12056: 12003: 11981: 11959: 11933: 11889: 11874: 11831: 11805: 11792: 11773: 11766: 11748: 11735: 11722: 11700: 11682: 11675: 11655: 11648: 11622: 11600: 11583: 11568: 11550: 11520: 11490: 11483: 11465: 11455: 11437: 11411: 11401: 11383: 11376: 11358: 11332: 11295:10.2307/605981 11263: 11248: 11214:Upal, M. Afzal 11189: 11162:(2): 197–221. 11142: 11135: 11117: 11091: 11065: 11052: 11026: 10979: 10967: 10956:on 23 May 2022 10937: 10935:, p. 243. 10925: 10913: 10906: 10889: 10880: 10874:978-0778791423 10873: 10850: 10841:Eurasia Review 10828: 10811: 10787: 10770: 10758: 10737: 10725: 10716: 10709: 10689: 10670: 10656:"Introduction" 10646: 10631: 10629:, pp. 272–301. 10618: 10600: 10585: 10567: 10553: 10538: 10532:978-1138650817 10531: 10508: 10493: 10478: 10458: 10429: 10422: 10402: 10383: 10363: 10357:978-9987080939 10356: 10336: 10313: 10294: 10274: 10248: 10221: 10194: 10187: 10169: 10157: 10143:on 28 May 2010 10117: 10076: 10028: 10021: 10001: 9971: 9951: 9925: 9918: 9897: 9875: 9846: 9834: 9782: 9728: 9700: 9686:on 4 June 2011 9661: 9627: 9613: 9601: 9589: 9576: 9557: 9537: 9510: 9504:. p. 71. 9477: 9466: 9448: 9438: 9414: 9404: 9382: 9375: 9357: 9336: 9310: 9280: 9273: 9252: 9243: 9234: 9219: 9204: 9192: 9159: 9132: 9110: 9085: 9076: 9057: 9054:. p. 271. 9043: 9025: 9008: 8982: 8952: 8941: 8921: 8900:Gundrun Krämer 8884: 8873:on 28 May 2012 8858: 8841: 8816: 8800: 8787: 8778: 8769: 8760: 8751: 8721: 8690: 8683: 8662: 8633: 8623:978-1841622439 8622: 8602: 8596:978-0231700405 8595: 8575: 8526: 8512: 8473: 8447: 8441:978-0838910047 8440: 8420: 8414:978-0791417812 8413: 8393: 8375: 8360: 8353: 8328: 8316: 8295: 8269: 8247: 8229: 8220: 8211: 8199: 8187: 8157: 8144: 8138:978-1412839723 8137: 8114: 8088: 8062: 8040: 8016: 7986: 7974: 7948: 7922: 7915: 7884: 7872: 7857: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7676: 7664: 7647:English forums 7626: 7594: 7579: 7572: 7552: 7528: 7521: 7503: 7496: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7452: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7309: 7295: 7279: 7276: 7241:Ba'athist Iraq 7237:Saddam Hussein 7212:armies of the 7200:as killing 70 7169:Arab countries 7111:, the seventh 7073: 7070: 6970:Rassid dynasty 6962:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6950:Banu Ukhaidhir 6939:Imams of Yemen 6883: 6880: 6850:In matters of 6847: 6844: 6832:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6806:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6798:any descendant 6789: 6786: 6716:Main article: 6713: 6706: 6677:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6641: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6616: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6600: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6584: 6583:(Guardianship) 6563: 6560: 6555:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6401:chain of Imams 6369:Main article: 6366: 6365:Ismāʿīlī Imams 6363: 6347:United Kingdom 6343:Western Europe 6286:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6231:his successors 6155:Main article: 6152: 6145: 6126:supported the 6054: 6051: 6009:, such as the 5983: 5982: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5954: 5946: 5934: 5926: 5910: 5909: 5901: 5893: 5885: 5877: 5811:Main article: 5808: 5805: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5720: 5709: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5610: 5607: 5540:Main article: 5537: 5534: 5510:, named after 5478:Main article: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5447: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5420:Islam in Qatar 5417: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5387: 5385:United Kingdom 5374: 5373: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5348: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5318: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5288: 5275: 5274: 5272:Nizari Ismaili 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5207: 5206: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5177: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5147: 5134: 5133: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5115:<2,000,000 5113: 5108: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5079: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5016:Islam in Syria 5013: 5000: 4999: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4979: 4974: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4925: 4924: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4868: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4838: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4773: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4689: 4686: 4652:A significant 4486:Main article: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4464: 4457: 4455: 4441: 4434: 4432: 4422: 4415: 4380: 4379: 4348: 4333: 4320: 4249:Safavid Empire 4226: 4225:Safavid Empire 4223: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4177: 4113:, named after 4103: 4100: 4080: 4079: 4076:Southern India 4072:Deccan Plateau 4065: 4060:; his brother 4058:state religion 4000: 3986: 3973: 3962:Eastern Arabia 3948: 3922:Main article: 3919: 3916: 3824: 3821: 3694:and sister of 3688:Fatima Masumeh 3579:Main article: 3576: 3570: 3528: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3427:Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī 3398:Husayn ibn Ali 3389: 3386: 3203: 3200: 3182:Main article: 3179: 3176: 3168:, stated in a 3166:ʿAlī Khameneʾī 3108: 3105: 3091:armies of the 3070:Tomb of Daniel 3028:in Najaf, the 2963:Main article: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2943: 2940:Laylat al-Qadr 2937: 2923: 2913: 2903: 2891:Rabi' al-awwal 2884: 2870: 2843: 2840:Eid al-Ghadeer 2837: 2825: 2808:Main article: 2805: 2802: 2742: 2739: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2689:, the ring of 2647: 2640: 2594: 2591: 2582:Da'i al-Mutlaq 2544:, such as the 2542:Shīʿa subsects 2500:—the promised 2454: 2447: 2431:الإنسان الكامل 2311:as well as to 2251:Main article: 2248: 2241: 2050: 2043: 1951: 1948: 1913: 1912: 1868: 1866: 1859: 1850:Main article: 1847: 1844: 1796:Al-Shahrastani 1584: 1581: 1463:أَهْل ٱلْبَيْت 1296: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1285: 1278: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1139: 1136:Related topics 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1118:Social welfare 1115: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 996: 995: 994: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 948: 939: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 904: 903: 896: 889: 881: 880: 875: 869: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 847: 838: 837: 831: 823: 815: 806: 805: 785: 777: 774: 773: 768: 762: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 736: 735: 730: 724: 719: 718: 715: 714: 711: 710: 708:Predestination 704: 703: 698: 692: 691: 689:Revealed Books 686: 680: 679: 669: 664: 663: 660: 659: 651: 650: 644: 643: 631: 630: 628: 627: 620: 613: 605: 602: 601: 588: 587: 584: 583: 581:Sayyida Nafisa 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 556:Hakimah Khātūn 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 459: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 440: 439: 438: 433: 428: 427: 426: 416: 411: 401: 400: 399: 398: 397: 392: 382: 381: 380: 375: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 351:Hebtiahs Bohra 348: 347: 346: 321: 320: 319: 309: 308: 307: 302: 297: 286: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 221: 216: 215: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 71: 70: 67: 66: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23877: 23866: 23863: 23862: 23860: 23845: 23841: 23837: 23835: 23827: 23826: 23823: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23786: 23784: 23781: 23779: 23776: 23774: 23771: 23769: 23766: 23764: 23761: 23759: 23756: 23754: 23751: 23750: 23748: 23746: 23745:South America 23742: 23736: 23733: 23731: 23728: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23703: 23701: 23698: 23696: 23693: 23691: 23688: 23686: 23683: 23681: 23678: 23676: 23673: 23671: 23668: 23667: 23665: 23663: 23659: 23653: 23652:United States 23650: 23648: 23645: 23643: 23640: 23638: 23635: 23633: 23630: 23628: 23625: 23623: 23620: 23618: 23615: 23613: 23610: 23608: 23605: 23603: 23600: 23598: 23595: 23593: 23590: 23588: 23585: 23583: 23580: 23578: 23575: 23573: 23570: 23568: 23565: 23563: 23560: 23558: 23555: 23553: 23550: 23548: 23545: 23543: 23540: 23539: 23537: 23535: 23534:North America 23531: 23523: 23520: 23518: 23515: 23513: 23510: 23508: 23505: 23504: 23503: 23500: 23498: 23495: 23493: 23490: 23488: 23485: 23483: 23480: 23478: 23475: 23473: 23470: 23468: 23465: 23463: 23460: 23458: 23455: 23453: 23450: 23448: 23445: 23443: 23440: 23438: 23435: 23433: 23430: 23428: 23425: 23423: 23420: 23418: 23415: 23413: 23410: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23395: 23393: 23392:Liechtenstein 23390: 23388: 23385: 23383: 23380: 23378: 23375: 23373: 23370: 23368: 23365: 23363: 23360: 23358: 23355: 23353: 23350: 23348: 23345: 23343: 23340: 23338: 23335: 23333: 23330: 23328: 23325: 23323: 23320: 23318: 23315: 23313: 23310: 23308: 23305: 23303: 23300: 23298: 23295: 23293: 23290: 23288: 23285: 23284: 23282: 23280: 23276: 23270: 23267: 23265: 23262: 23260: 23257: 23255: 23252: 23250: 23247: 23245: 23242: 23240: 23237: 23235: 23232: 23230: 23227: 23225: 23222: 23220: 23217: 23215: 23212: 23210: 23207: 23205: 23202: 23200: 23197: 23195: 23192: 23190: 23187: 23185: 23182: 23180: 23177: 23175: 23172: 23170: 23167: 23165: 23162: 23160: 23157: 23155: 23152: 23150: 23147: 23145: 23142: 23140: 23137: 23135: 23132: 23128: 23125: 23123: 23120: 23119: 23118: 23115: 23113: 23110: 23108: 23105: 23103: 23100: 23098: 23095: 23093: 23090: 23088: 23085: 23083: 23080: 23078: 23075: 23073: 23070: 23068: 23065: 23063: 23060: 23058: 23055: 23053: 23050: 23048: 23045: 23043: 23040: 23038: 23035: 23033: 23030: 23028: 23025: 23023: 23020: 23018: 23015: 23013: 23010: 23009: 23007: 23005: 23001: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22967: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22957: 22955: 22952: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22882: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22862: 22860: 22857: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22847: 22845: 22844:Guinea-Bissau 22842: 22840: 22837: 22835: 22832: 22830: 22827: 22825: 22822: 22820: 22817: 22815: 22812: 22810: 22807: 22805: 22802: 22800: 22797: 22795: 22792: 22790: 22787: 22785: 22782: 22780: 22777: 22775: 22772: 22770: 22767: 22765: 22762: 22760: 22757: 22755: 22752: 22750: 22747: 22745: 22742: 22740: 22737: 22735: 22732: 22730: 22727: 22726: 22724: 22722: 22718: 22714: 22707: 22703: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22676: 22674: 22671: 22669: 22668:Organizations 22666: 22664: 22661: 22659: 22656: 22654: 22651: 22649: 22646: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22612: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22561: 22558: 22556: 22553: 22552: 22550: 22547: 22542: 22537: 22531: 22528: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22505: 22504: 22501: 22499: 22496: 22494: 22493:Vegetarianism 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22479: 22476: 22474: 22471: 22469: 22466: 22464: 22461: 22459: 22456: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22446: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22438:Homosexuality 22436: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22407: 22404: 22402: 22399: 22398: 22397: 22394: 22392: 22389: 22387: 22384: 22382: 22379: 22375: 22372: 22370: 22367: 22365: 22362: 22361: 22360: 22357: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22338: 22334: 22331: 22329: 22326: 22324: 22321: 22320: 22318: 22315: 22308: 22302: 22299: 22297: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22285: 22282: 22281: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22262: 22260: 22259:Neurotheology 22257: 22255: 22252: 22250: 22247: 22245: 22242: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22226: 22224: 22222: 22216: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22182: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22172: 22170: 22167: 22165: 22162: 22161: 22159: 22157: 22153: 22145: 22142: 22140: 22137: 22135: 22132: 22131: 22130: 22127: 22125: 22122: 22120: 22117: 22115: 22112: 22110: 22107: 22105: 22102: 22100: 22097: 22095: 22092: 22088: 22085: 22083: 22080: 22078: 22075: 22073: 22070: 22069: 22068: 22065: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22047: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22031: 22028: 22026: 22023: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 22001: 21998: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21980: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21969: 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21953:Folk religion 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21905: 21902: 21900: 21897: 21895: 21892: 21890: 21887: 21885: 21881: 21878: 21877: 21875: 21871: 21867: 21860: 21856: 21846: 21843: 21841: 21838: 21836: 21833: 21831: 21828: 21826: 21823: 21821: 21818: 21816: 21813: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21795: 21794: 21791: 21787: 21784: 21782: 21779: 21777: 21776:Imperial cult 21774: 21772: 21769: 21767: 21764: 21763: 21762: 21759: 21757: 21754: 21750: 21747: 21745: 21742: 21740: 21737: 21736: 21735: 21732: 21728: 21725: 21723: 21720: 21719: 21718: 21715: 21711: 21708: 21706: 21703: 21701: 21698: 21696: 21693: 21692: 21691: 21688: 21686: 21683: 21679: 21676: 21675: 21674: 21671: 21667: 21664: 21662: 21659: 21658: 21657: 21654: 21652: 21649: 21645: 21642: 21641: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21632: 21630: 21627: 21625: 21622: 21620: 21617: 21615: 21612: 21610: 21607: 21605: 21602: 21600: 21597: 21593: 21590: 21588: 21585: 21583: 21580: 21578: 21575: 21573: 21570: 21569: 21568: 21565: 21561: 21558: 21556: 21553: 21551: 21548: 21546: 21543: 21542: 21541: 21538: 21536: 21533: 21529: 21526: 21525: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21516: 21514: 21511: 21507: 21504: 21503: 21502: 21499: 21497: 21494: 21492: 21489: 21485: 21482: 21480: 21477: 21476: 21475: 21472: 21470: 21467: 21463: 21460: 21458: 21455: 21453: 21450: 21449: 21448: 21445: 21443: 21440: 21438: 21435: 21433: 21430: 21426: 21423: 21422: 21421: 21418: 21417: 21414: 21410: 21405: 21401: 21381: 21378: 21377: 21376: 21373: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21351: 21348: 21346: 21343: 21341: 21340:Discordianism 21338: 21336: 21335:Anthroposophy 21333: 21332: 21330: 21326: 21318: 21317: 21313: 21312: 21311: 21308: 21306: 21303: 21299: 21296: 21294: 21291: 21289: 21286: 21284: 21283:Mari religion 21281: 21279: 21276: 21274: 21271: 21269: 21266: 21265: 21264: 21261: 21259: 21256: 21254: 21251: 21249: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21217: 21214: 21213: 21212: 21209: 21205: 21202: 21200: 21197: 21196: 21195: 21192: 21188: 21185: 21183: 21180: 21179: 21178: 21175: 21173: 21170: 21166: 21163: 21162: 21160: 21159: 21157: 21155: 21149: 21143: 21140: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21126: 21123: 21121: 21120:Neo-Theosophy 21118: 21117: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21101: 21098: 21096: 21093: 21089: 21086: 21085: 21084: 21081: 21079: 21076: 21074: 21071: 21069: 21066: 21064: 21061: 21059: 21058:New Acropolis 21056: 21054: 21051: 21049: 21046: 21044: 21041: 21039: 21036: 21034: 21031: 21030: 21028: 21024: 21021: 21019: 21011: 21001: 20998: 20996: 20993: 20991: 20988: 20986: 20983: 20982: 20980: 20976: 20964: 20961: 20959: 20956: 20954: 20951: 20949: 20946: 20944: 20941: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20931: 20929: 20926: 20924: 20921: 20919: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20906: 20904: 20901: 20899: 20896: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20884: 20882: 20879: 20878: 20877: 20874: 20873: 20872: 20870: 20866: 20865: 20860: 20857: 20856: 20855: 20852: 20850: 20847: 20845: 20842: 20840: 20837: 20835: 20832: 20830: 20827: 20825: 20822: 20820: 20817: 20815: 20812: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20800: 20797: 20795: 20792: 20790: 20787: 20785: 20782: 20780: 20777: 20775: 20772: 20770: 20767: 20763: 20760: 20758: 20755: 20754: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20734: 20732: 20730: 20724: 20716: 20713: 20712: 20711: 20708: 20707: 20705: 20703:North African 20701: 20698: 20696: 20690: 20684: 20681: 20679: 20676: 20674: 20671: 20669: 20666: 20664: 20661: 20659: 20656: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20625: 20623: 20621: 20617: 20611: 20608: 20606: 20603: 20601: 20598: 20596: 20593: 20592: 20590: 20588: 20584: 20580: 20574: 20571: 20569: 20566: 20564: 20561: 20559: 20556: 20550: 20547: 20546: 20545: 20542: 20541: 20540: 20537: 20533: 20530: 20528: 20525: 20523: 20520: 20519: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20486: 20483: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20472: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20455:Kwakwakaʼwakw 20453: 20451: 20448: 20444: 20441: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20417: 20414: 20412: 20409: 20408: 20407: 20404: 20403: 20402: 20399: 20397: 20394: 20392: 20389: 20387: 20384: 20382: 20378: 20375: 20373: 20370: 20368: 20365: 20363: 20360: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20338: 20337: 20336: 20333: 20331: 20328: 20326: 20323: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20305: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20290: 20288: 20286: 20280: 20274: 20271: 20269: 20266: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20253: 20252: 20249: 20245: 20242: 20241: 20240: 20237: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20218: 20215: 20213: 20210: 20209: 20207: 20203: 20200: 20198: 20195: 20194: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20184: 20182: 20180: 20176: 20170: 20167: 20166: 20164: 20162: 20161:Austroasiatic 20158: 20150: 20147: 20145: 20142: 20141: 20140: 20137: 20133: 20132:Vattisen Yaly 20130: 20128: 20125: 20123: 20120: 20119: 20118: 20114: 20111: 20110: 20108: 20106: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20093: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20068: 20067: 20064: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20054: 20052: 20051:Kirat Mundhum 20049: 20047: 20044: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20031: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20016: 20014: 20010: 20004: 20003: 19999: 19997: 19994: 19990: 19987: 19986: 19985: 19982: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19964: 19960: 19957: 19956: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19946: 19944: 19942: 19938: 19932: 19931: 19927: 19925: 19922: 19920: 19917: 19915: 19912: 19910: 19907: 19905: 19902: 19900: 19897: 19893: 19890: 19888: 19885: 19883: 19880: 19878: 19875: 19873: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19854: 19853: 19850: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19836: 19833: 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19802: 19801: 19798: 19797: 19795: 19793: 19789: 19786: 19784: 19780: 19770: 19767: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19746: 19744: 19742: 19738: 19732: 19729: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19718: 19716: 19714: 19710: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19687: 19686: 19682: 19681: 19680: 19677: 19676: 19674: 19672: 19668: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19651: 19650: 19647: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19634: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19613: 19610: 19609: 19607: 19605: 19601: 19598: 19596: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19583: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19555: 19553: 19549: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19524: 19522: 19520: 19516: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19502: 19500: 19497: 19496: 19494: 19492: 19488: 19485: 19483: 19479: 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19435: 19433: 19429: 19423: 19422: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19410:Milah Abraham 19408: 19406: 19403: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19388: 19384: 19381: 19380: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19348: 19347: 19344: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19329: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19309: 19308: 19305: 19304: 19302: 19300: 19296: 19290: 19289: 19285: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19237: 19234: 19233: 19232: 19229: 19227: 19224: 19222: 19219: 19217: 19214: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19183: 19180: 19179: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19142: 19141: 19138: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19120: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19109: 19106: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19078: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19068: 19067: 19066:Protestantism 19064: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19051: 19048: 19047: 19046: 19043: 19039: 19036: 19034: 19031: 19030: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19017: 19014: 19013: 19012: 19009: 19005: 19002: 19000: 18997: 18996: 18995: 18992: 18991: 18989: 18987: 18983: 18977: 18976: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18931: 18928: 18927: 18926: 18923: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18914: 18911: 18910: 18909: 18906: 18905: 18903: 18901: 18897: 18894: 18892: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18879: 18875: 18871: 18866: 18862: 18858: 18851: 18846: 18844: 18839: 18837: 18832: 18831: 18828: 18816: 18808: 18806: 18796: 18795: 18792: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18770: 18768: 18765: 18763: 18760: 18758: 18755: 18753: 18750: 18748: 18745: 18743: 18740: 18736: 18733: 18732: 18731: 18728: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18718:Post-Islamism 18716: 18714: 18711: 18710: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18688: 18687: 18684: 18683: 18681: 18677: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18652: 18650: 18648: 18644: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18611: 18610:Protestantism 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18597: 18596: 18593: 18592: 18590: 18588: 18584: 18580: 18570: 18566: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18546: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18533: 18530: 18529: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18499: 18497: 18493: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18468: 18466: 18464: 18460: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18448:Ophthalmology 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18415: 18413: 18411: 18407: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18362: 18360: 18358: 18354: 18350: 18346: 18338: 18334: 18320: 18317: 18313: 18312: 18308: 18307: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18289: 18286: 18285: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18278: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18266: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18254: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18212: 18208: 18206: 18205: 18201: 18197: 18196:Death penalty 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18183: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18171: 18167: 18166: 18164: 18162:Other aspects 18160: 18154: 18153: 18149: 18147: 18146: 18142: 18140: 18139: 18135: 18133: 18132: 18128: 18126: 18125: 18121: 18119: 18118: 18114: 18112: 18111: 18107: 18106: 18104: 18099: 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18085: 18082: 18076: 18075: 18071: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18063: 18059: 18057: 18056: 18052: 18050: 18049: 18045: 18043: 18042: 18038: 18037: 18035: 18033: 18029: 18023: 18022: 18018: 18016: 18015: 18011: 18009: 18008: 18004: 18002: 18001: 17997: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17986: 17984: 17982: 17978: 17974: 17967: 17966:Jurisprudence 17964: 17962: 17959: 17958: 17954: 17950: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17914: 17910: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17898: 17895: 17893: 17890: 17888: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17868: 17865: 17863: 17860: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17839: 17837: 17832: 17829: 17827: 17824: 17823: 17820: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17802: 17799: 17798: 17797: 17794: 17792: 17789: 17785: 17782: 17778: 17775: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17757: 17756: 17753: 17752: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17744: 17743: 17739: 17736: 17732: 17729: 17725: 17722: 17721: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17701: 17700: 17697: 17695: 17692: 17686: 17683: 17682: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17657: 17656: 17653: 17652: 17650: 17648: 17647:Denominations 17644: 17638: 17637: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17612: 17610: 17608: 17604: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17560: 17556: 17555: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17543: 17539: 17537: 17536: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17506: 17504: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17490: 17487: 17481: 17480: 17476: 17474: 17473: 17469: 17467: 17466: 17462: 17460: 17459: 17455: 17453: 17452: 17448: 17447: 17445: 17443: 17439: 17433: 17432:Holiest sites 17430: 17428: 17427:Judgement Day 17425: 17423: 17422: 17418: 17416: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17399: 17396: 17395: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17388: 17384: 17380: 17377: 17376: 17375: 17372: 17371: 17369: 17367: 17363: 17359: 17355: 17354: 17348: 17343: 17336: 17331: 17329: 17324: 17322: 17317: 17316: 17313: 17293: 17290: 17288: 17285: 17283: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17267: 17263: 17262: 17259: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17216: 17215:Other beliefs 17212: 17206: 17203: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17190: 17189:Hilmi Tunahan 17187: 17185: 17181: 17178: 17177: 17176: 17173: 17172: 17170: 17168: 17164: 17156: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17139:Muhammad Asad 17137: 17135: 17132: 17131: 17130: 17127: 17126: 17124: 17122: 17118: 17110: 17106: 17102: 17099: 17098: 17097: 17094: 17090: 17086: 17083: 17082: 17081: 17078: 17074: 17070: 17066: 17063: 17062: 17061: 17058: 17054: 17050: 17049:Sabbatai Zevi 17047: 17046: 17045: 17042: 17039: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17021: 17020: 17017: 17016: 17014: 17012: 17008: 17005: 17003: 16995: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16973: 16970: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16957: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16942: 16940: 16938: 16934: 16925: 16924: 16922: 16917: 16916: 16914: 16907: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899:Ali al-Aswarī 16898: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16885: 16884: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16874: 16873: 16872: 16869: 16863: 16860: 16857: 16856: 16855: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16845: 16843: 16840: 16835: 16831: 16825: 16821: 16817: 16814: 16812: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16790: 16786: 16783: 16782: 16780: 16778: 16774: 16771: 16768: 16761: 16757: 16745: 16742: 16741: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16726: 16721: 16720: 16719: 16716: 16711: 16710: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16699: 16696: 16695: 16694: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16683: 16678: 16677: 16676:Muʿāmmarīyya 16675: 16670: 16669: 16668: 16665: 16661: 16658: 16657: 16656: 16653: 16652: 16650: 16648: 16644: 16636: 16633: 16631: 16628: 16625: 16621: 16617: 16616: 16615: 16612: 16609: 16604: 16603: 16601: 16600: 16598: 16596: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16583: 16572: 16569: 16566: 16563: 16560: 16557: 16554: 16551: 16548: 16545: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16528: 16526: 16522: 16513: 16512: 16510: 16505: 16504: 16502: 16497: 16496: 16494: 16489: 16488: 16486: 16481: 16480: 16478: 16473: 16472: 16470: 16465: 16464: 16462: 16457: 16456: 16454: 16449: 16448: 16446: 16445: 16443: 16439: 16430: 16427: 16424: 16421: 16418: 16415: 16412: 16409: 16406: 16403: 16400: 16397: 16394: 16391: 16388: 16385: 16384: 16382: 16381: 16379: 16377: 16373: 16370: 16367: 16361: 16354: 16350: 16340: 16337: 16333: 16330: 16329: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16301: 16297: 16289: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16276: 16275: 16272: 16268: 16265: 16264: 16263: 16260: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16248: 16245: 16244: 16243: 16240: 16235: 16232: 16229: 16228: 16226: 16225: 16223: 16221: 16217: 16214: 16211: 16206: 16202: 16192: 16191:Waqifite Shia 16189: 16184: 16183: 16182: 16179: 16175: 16171: 16168: 16167: 16166: 16163: 16159: 16155: 16152: 16151: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16141: 16139: 16137: 16132: 16124: 16121: 16117: 16116:Ishaq al-Turk 16114: 16110: 16107: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16094: 16093: 16090: 16089: 16088: 16085: 16081: 16078: 16077: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16070: 16069: 16068: 16065: 16058: 16057: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16043: 16040: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16033: 16031: 16030: 16029: 16025: 16022: 16018: 16015: 16014: 16013: 16010: 16009: 16007: 16005: 15999: 15991: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15965: 15962: 15961: 15960: 15957: 15953: 15950: 15946: 15943: 15939: 15936: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15918: 15917: 15914: 15913: 15912: 15909: 15908: 15907: 15904: 15900: 15896: 15892: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15879: 15875: 15874:Hamdan Qarmat 15872: 15871: 15870: 15867: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15858: 15855: 15854: 15852: 15850: 15846: 15842: 15834: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15816: 15813: 15809: 15805: 15801: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15788: 15784: 15781: 15780: 15779: 15776: 15772: 15771:Safavid Islam 15768: 15764: 15760: 15756: 15755:Sheikh Haydar 15753: 15752: 15751: 15748: 15744: 15741: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15728: 15727: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15719: 15718: 15716: 15714: 15710: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15697: 15693: 15689: 15685: 15681: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15660: 15659: 15656: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15640: 15637: 15636: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15609: 15607: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15594: 15580: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15554: 15550: 15547: 15546: 15545: 15542: 15541: 15540: 15537: 15531: 15527: 15524: 15523: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15513: 15512: 15509: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15498: 15494: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15474: 15471: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15453: 15452: 15449: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15426: 15425: 15422: 15418: 15414: 15411: 15410: 15409: 15406: 15405: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15373: 15372: 15369: 15365: 15362: 15361: 15359: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15348: 15347:Ahl al-Hadith 15344: 15341: 15339: 15335: 15331: 15327: 15322: 15318: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15295: 15292: 15282: 15281: 15277: 15273: 15271: 15270: 15266: 15262: 15260: 15259: 15255: 15251: 15249: 15248: 15244: 15243: 15241: 15237: 15231: 15230: 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15218: 15214: 15212: 15211: 15207: 15205: 15204: 15200: 15198: 15197: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15188: 15184: 15178: 15177: 15173: 15171: 15170: 15166: 15164: 15163: 15159: 15157: 15156: 15152: 15150: 15149: 15145: 15143: 15142: 15138: 15136: 15135: 15131: 15129: 15128: 15124: 15122: 15121: 15117: 15115: 15114: 15110: 15108: 15107: 15103: 15101: 15100: 15096: 15094: 15093: 15089: 15088: 15086: 15084: 15080: 15077: 15073: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15039: 15037: 15035: 15034:Zaydi Shi'ism 15031: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15003: 15000: 14999: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14969: 14967: 14965: 14961: 14953: 14950: 14949: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14865:Musa al-Kazim 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14850:Ali al-Sajjad 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14840:Hasan ibn Ali 14838: 14836: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14828: 14827: 14825: 14823: 14819: 14811:Post-Salafism 14810: 14809: 14808: 14805: 14801: 14798: 14797: 14796: 14793: 14789: 14786: 14785: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14772: 14769: 14768: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14745: 14742: 14738: 14735: 14734: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14691: 14688: 14687: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14675:Ibn Taymiyyah 14673: 14672: 14670: 14668: 14664: 14656:Mustadrakīyya 14655: 14652: 14649: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14638: 14634: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14614:Amr ibn Ubayd 14612: 14610: 14607: 14603: 14600: 14599: 14598: 14595: 14592: 14589: 14586: 14583: 14580: 14577: 14574: 14571: 14568: 14565: 14562: 14559: 14556: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14545: 14541: 14534: 14530: 14526: 14522: 14518: 14517: 14515: 14513: 14509: 14502: 14498: 14495: 14491: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14479: 14477: 14473: 14469: 14466: 14462: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14454: 14450: 14439: 14438: 14437: 14434: 14433: 14432: 14429: 14425: 14422: 14421: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14414: 14412: 14408: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14233: 14229: 14222: 14218: 14215: 14212: 14208: 14205: 14202: 14198: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14183: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13938: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13925: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13899: 13897: 13893: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13871: 13869: 13865: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13836: 13832: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13812: 13810: 13808: 13804: 13801: 13797: 13793: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13777: 13776: 13772: 13768: 13764: 13757: 13752: 13750: 13745: 13743: 13738: 13737: 13734: 13723: 13720: 13718: 13715: 13713: 13712:United States 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13685: 13683: 13680: 13678: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13668: 13665: 13663: 13660: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13643: 13640: 13638: 13635: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13467: 13458: 13453: 13451: 13446: 13444: 13439: 13438: 13435: 13419: 13415: 13411: 13406: 13394: 13390: 13385: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13361: 13360:www.iis.ac.uk 13357: 13352: 13340: 13336: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13320: 13319: 13308: 13304: 13300: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13276: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13259: 13254: 13251: 13247: 13241: 13237: 13232: 13228: 13222: 13218: 13213: 13209: 13203: 13198: 13197: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13177: 13173: 13169: 13168:Hamid Dabashi 13165: 13161: 13157: 13151: 13147: 13143: 13142: 13137: 13133: 13129: 13123: 13119: 13115: 13114:Momen, Moojan 13111: 13107: 13101: 13097: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13078: 13073: 13069: 13063: 13059: 13054: 13050: 13044: 13040: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13022: 13018: 13017: 13012: 13008: 13007: 13002: 12996: 12992: 12987: 12986: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12960: 12956: 12951: 12947: 12941: 12937: 12936:Shiʻite Islam 12932: 12928: 12922: 12918: 12917:Shiʻite Islam 12914: 12910: 12906: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12874: 12870: 12866: 12862: 12858: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12800: 12795: 12791: 12785: 12781: 12780: 12775: 12774:Corbin, Henry 12771: 12767: 12761: 12758:. MacMillan. 12757: 12753: 12748: 12736: 12735: 12730: 12726: 12720: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12704: 12703: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12655: 12651: 12650: 12642: 12634: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12602: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12589: 12584: 12577: 12558: 12554: 12547: 12541: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12499: 12495: 12488: 12472: 12468: 12467: 12462: 12455: 12447: 12443: 12439: 12433: 12426: 12422: 12421: 12416: 12410: 12404: 12403:0-8160-6577-2 12400: 12396: 12390: 12383: 12379: 12375: 12369: 12353: 12349: 12343: 12335: 12331: 12325: 12309: 12305: 12299: 12283: 12279: 12275: 12268: 12260: 12254: 12250: 12249: 12241: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12210: 12206: 12199: 12192: 12190: 12181: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12138: 12136: 12127: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12109: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12092: 12087: 12080: 12078: 12076: 12067: 12063: 12059: 12053: 12048: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12012: 12010: 12008: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11985: 11977: 11973: 11969: 11963: 11947: 11943: 11937: 11921: 11917: 11913: 11909: 11908:The Islamists 11905: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11885: 11881: 11877: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11840: 11838: 11836: 11820:on 2 May 2006 11819: 11815: 11809: 11802: 11796: 11788: 11784: 11777: 11769: 11763: 11759: 11752: 11745: 11739: 11732: 11726: 11718: 11714: 11710: 11704: 11696: 11692: 11686: 11678: 11672: 11668: 11667: 11659: 11651: 11645: 11641: 11636: 11635: 11626: 11618: 11614: 11610: 11604: 11596: 11595: 11587: 11579: 11572: 11564: 11560: 11554: 11538: 11534: 11530: 11524: 11508: 11504: 11500: 11499:"About Yemen" 11494: 11486: 11480: 11476: 11469: 11462: 11458: 11452: 11448: 11441: 11425: 11421: 11415: 11408: 11404: 11398: 11394: 11387: 11379: 11373: 11369: 11362: 11346: 11342: 11336: 11328: 11324: 11320: 11316: 11312: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11279: 11274: 11267: 11259: 11255: 11251: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11204: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11196: 11194: 11185: 11181: 11177: 11173: 11169: 11165: 11161: 11157: 11153: 11146: 11138: 11132: 11128: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11095: 11079: 11075: 11069: 11062: 11056: 11040: 11036: 11030: 11022: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11006: 11002: 10998: 10994: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10971: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10941: 10934: 10929: 10923:, p. 64. 10922: 10917: 10909: 10903: 10899: 10893: 10884: 10876: 10870: 10866: 10865: 10857: 10855: 10846: 10842: 10838: 10832: 10825: 10821: 10815: 10804: 10797: 10791: 10784: 10780: 10774: 10768:, p. 237 10767: 10762: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10741: 10734: 10729: 10720: 10712: 10706: 10702: 10701: 10693: 10677: 10673: 10667: 10663: 10662: 10657: 10650: 10642: 10635: 10628: 10622: 10614: 10610: 10604: 10596: 10589: 10581: 10574: 10572: 10563: 10557: 10549: 10542: 10534: 10528: 10524: 10523: 10515: 10513: 10504: 10497: 10489: 10482: 10474: 10473: 10468: 10462: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10433: 10425: 10419: 10415: 10414: 10406: 10390: 10386: 10380: 10376: 10375: 10367: 10359: 10353: 10349: 10348: 10340: 10332: 10328: 10324: 10317: 10301: 10297: 10291: 10287: 10286: 10282:Leonard Leo. 10278: 10271: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10252: 10236: 10232: 10225: 10209: 10205: 10198: 10190: 10184: 10180: 10173: 10166: 10161: 10154: 10142: 10138: 10134: 10132: 10127: 10126:"Afghanistan" 10121: 10114: 10113: 10097: 10093: 10086: 10080: 10073: 10072: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10046: 10038: 10032: 10024: 10018: 10015:. Routledge. 10014: 10013: 10005: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9981: 9975: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9955: 9939: 9935: 9929: 9921: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9901: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9863: 9859: 9853: 9851: 9844:, p. 277 9843: 9838: 9819: 9815: 9808: 9807: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9779: 9767: 9763: 9762: 9757: 9751: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9725: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9697: 9685: 9681: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9665: 9658: 9646: 9642: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9623: 9617: 9610: 9605: 9599:, p. 123 9598: 9593: 9586: 9580: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9541: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9507: 9503: 9502:Facts On File 9499: 9495: 9491: 9484: 9482: 9474: 9469: 9463: 9459: 9452: 9445: 9441: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9426: 9418: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9397: 9393: 9386: 9378: 9372: 9368: 9361: 9353: 9349: 9348: 9344:Ansari, N.H. 9340: 9324: 9320: 9314: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9284: 9276: 9270: 9267:. Macmillan. 9266: 9259: 9257: 9247: 9238: 9230: 9223: 9217:, p. 174 9216: 9211: 9209: 9199: 9197: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9166: 9164: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9107: 9102: 9098: 9097: 9089: 9080: 9072: 9070: 9061: 9053: 9052:تهذیب التهذیب 9047: 9039: 9035: 9029: 9022: 9021:0-85229-663-0 9018: 9012: 8996: 8992: 8986: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8948: 8944: 8938: 8934: 8933: 8925: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8897: 8891: 8889: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8829: 8828: 8820: 8814: 8810: 8804: 8797: 8791: 8782: 8773: 8764: 8755: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8725: 8710: 8705: 8697: 8695: 8686: 8680: 8676: 8669: 8667: 8651: 8647: 8640: 8638: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8615: 8614: 8606: 8598: 8592: 8588: 8587: 8579: 8571: 8565: 8558: 8545: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8522: 8516: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8477: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8443: 8437: 8433: 8432: 8424: 8416: 8410: 8406: 8405: 8397: 8389: 8385: 8379: 8371: 8364: 8356: 8350: 8346: 8345:Kitab al-Kafi 8339: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8325: 8324:Shiʻite Islam 8320: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8299: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8258: 8251: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8224: 8215: 8209:, p. 155 8208: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8154: 8148: 8140: 8134: 8130: 8129: 8121: 8119: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8076: 8072: 8066: 8059: 8055: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8037: 8036:0-87779-044-2 8033: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7991: 7983: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7936: 7932: 7926: 7918: 7912: 7908: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7882:, p. 218 7881: 7876: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7850: 7843: 7836: 7831: 7824: 7819: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7805:disappearance 7802: 7801:Islamic texts 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7711:(3). Oxford: 7710: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7673: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7630: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7598: 7590: 7583: 7575: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7556: 7549: 7548:0-85229-663-0 7545: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7524: 7518: 7514: 7507: 7499: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7478: 7463: 7457: 7453: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7406:Shia crescent 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7310: 7307: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7282: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7261: 7257: 7256:Islamic State 7252: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174:In 1514, the 7172: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7109:Musa al-Kazim 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7089: 7083: 7079: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6982:Arab Cold War 6979: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6942: 6940: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6846:Jurisprudence 6843: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6828: 6822: 6817: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6794:Zayd ibn ʿAlī 6785: 6783: 6779: 6778:Zaydī Wāsiṭīs 6775: 6771: 6770:Zayd ibn ʿAlī 6767: 6766:Zaydī Shīʿism 6763: 6759: 6752: 6748: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6719: 6711: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6694:Dawudi Bohras 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6672:Queen consort 6669: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6654: 6652: 6647: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6569:seven pillars 6559: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6530:Dawudi Bohras 6527: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471:, began with 6470: 6466: 6462: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6403:. The proof ( 6402: 6397: 6396:Mongol period 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6372: 6362: 6360: 6359:North America 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6282: 6281:Dawudi Bohras 6278: 6274: 6270: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6187: 6186:Mūsā al-Kāẓim 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6150: 6144: 6143:of the time. 6142: 6141: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6090:Islamic state 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5990: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5820: 5814: 5807:Jurisprudence 5804: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5789:divine decree 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5714: 5713:Kitab al-Kafi 5710: 5707: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5466: 5451: 5450:Islam in Oman 5448: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5435: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5405: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5346:United States 5342: 5337: 5336: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5067: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5031:Alawites Shia 5017: 5014: 5012: 5007: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4856: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4826: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4792: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4742:Islam in Iran 4740: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4701: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4524: 4508: 4494: 4489: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4401: 4396: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4285:Ottoman Turks 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4127:Islamic Cairo 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4090:at its peak ( 4089: 4084: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4021:Mongol Empire 4018: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892:Second Coming 3889: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3789:divine wisdom 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3753:Taʿrikh Kabir 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692:Musa al-Kazim 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3662:divine decree 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3632: 3631:Islamic Cairo 3629:gate wall in 3628: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3567: 3566:Day of Ashura 3563: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3513: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3394:Hasan ibn Ali 3385: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3185: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2857:, brother of 2856: 2852: 2851:Day of Ashura 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2738: 2736: 2733:According to 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2679: 2678:Kitab al-Kafi 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2645: 2642:Holy Relics ( 2639: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2601: 2590: 2588: 2587:Sunnī Muslims 2584: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2573:Dawoodi Bohra 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2536:and to apply 2535: 2534:Islamic state 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2507: 2504:according to 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2449:Occultation ( 2446: 2443: 2437: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2392: 2387: 2381: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2326:According to 2324: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2289:infallibility 2284: 2278: 2272: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2145: 2141: 2135: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2048: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2035:Eid Al Ghadir 2031: 2025: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1909: 1906: 1898: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1867: 1858: 1857: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1754: 1730: 1726: 1720: 1684: 1680: 1674: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501:Shia subsects 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1428:and consider 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1385: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1361: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1323: 1302: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1233:Military laws 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1091:Proselytizing 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999:Denominations 997: 993: 990: 989: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 946: 942: 937: 936: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 887: 883: 882: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 867: 862: 861: 854: 852: 848: 846: 844: 840: 839: 835: 832: 830: 828: 824: 822: 820: 816: 814: 812: 808: 807: 803: 802: 797: 796: 791: 790: 786: 784: 783: 779: 778: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 759: 758: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 737: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 722: 717: 716: 709: 706: 705: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 678: 674: 671: 670: 667: 662: 661: 657: 653: 652: 649: 646: 645: 641: 637: 636: 626: 621: 619: 614: 612: 607: 606: 604: 603: 600: 595: 590: 589: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 492: 491: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 457: 452: 451: 444: 441: 437: 434: 432: 429: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 379: 376: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 345: 342: 341: 340: 339:Dawoodi Bohra 337: 336: 335: 332: 331: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 279: 278: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 219: 214: 213: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 195:Eid al-Ghadir 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 159: 158: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 69: 68: 64: 60: 59: 55: 47: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 23249:Turkmenistan 23209:Saudi Arabia 22954:South Africa 22944:Sierra Leone 22749:Burkina Faso 22658:Names of God 22605:Unaffiliated 22560:Antireligion 22416:Universalism 22364:Assimilation 22229:Anthropology 22104:Supernatural 22099:Spirituality 22067:Sacred space 22055:Purification 21928:Denomination 21882: / 21690:Paleo-Balkan 21656:Mesopotamian 21491:Cook Islands 21462:Old Prussian 21375:UFO religion 21314: 21310:Zalmoxianism 21238:Neoshamanism 21095:Spiritualism 20978:Other ethnic 20867: 20693:Traditional 20653:Bongthingism 20522:Acoma Pueblo 20470:Mesoamerican 20179:Austronesian 20000: 19996:Neo-Buddhism 19928: 19924:Neo-Hinduism 19845:Swaminarayan 19683: 19632:Salvationist 19617:Confucianism 19468:Samaritanism 19438:Ali-Illahism 19419: 19345: 19286: 19280:Unitarianism 19221:Old Catholic 19028:Nestorianism 18986:Christianity 18973: 18939:Conservative 18730:Islamophobia 18595:Christianity 18543: 18476:Contemporary 18370:Architecture 18309: 18275: 18263: 18251: 18209: 18202: 18168: 18150: 18145:Nikah mut'ah 18143: 18136: 18129: 18122: 18115: 18108: 18072: 18060: 18053: 18046: 18039: 18019: 18012: 18005: 17998: 17911: 17698: 17634: 17558: 17540: 17533: 17477: 17470: 17463: 17456: 17449: 17442:Five Pillars 17419: 17385: 17374:God in Islam 17351: 17198:Other orders 17103: / 17096:Nur movement 17067: / 17024:Mirza Ghulam 16955:Tolu-e-Islam 16824:Galibi Order 16822: / 16807:Balım Sultan 16802:Babai revolt 16793:Qalandariyya 16791: / 16693:Mufaḍḍaliyya 16602:Jawārībīyya 16555:Umar ibn Zar 16524:Other Murjīs 16253:Bayhasīyyah 16170:Nuqta-yi Ula 15986:Pir Sadardin 15979: / 15893: / 15889: / 15806: / 15798: / 15785: / 15765: / 15761: / 15757: / 15614:Zayd ibn Ali 15596: 15564: / 15551: / 15502:Ilm al-Kalam 15415: / 15408:Ahl-i Hadith 15276:Umm al-kitab 15274: 15263: 15252: 15245: 15227: 15222: 15215: 15208: 15201: 15194: 15174: 15167: 15162:Fihi Ma Fihi 15160: 15153: 15146: 15139: 15132: 15125: 15118: 15111: 15104: 15097: 15090: 14830:Twelve Imams 14749:Ahl-i Hadith 14680:Ibnul Qayyim 14560:(Nazzāmīyya) 14041:Ibn al-Jawzi 13981:Al-Taftazani 13956:Al-Baqillani 13672:South Africa 13657:Sierra Leone 13647:Saudi Arabia 13532:Burkina Faso 13422:. Retrieved 13397:. Retrieved 13393:Al-Islam.org 13392: 13376:. Retrieved 13372:the original 13359: 13343:. Retrieved 13339:the original 13326: 13282: 13278: 13265: 13261: 13235: 13216: 13195: 13171: 13140: 13117: 13095: 13076: 13057: 13038: 13015: 12990: 12954: 12935: 12916: 12894: 12868: 12846: 12843:Lapidus, Ira 12824: 12798: 12778: 12755: 12751: 12741:11 September 12739:. Retrieved 12733: 12710: 12683: 12670: 12666: 12648: 12641: 12592: 12586: 12576: 12564:. Retrieved 12552: 12540: 12528:. Retrieved 12514: 12502:. Retrieved 12500:. London, UK 12498:The Guardian 12497: 12487: 12475:. Retrieved 12464: 12454: 12446:the original 12432: 12418: 12414: 12409: 12394: 12389: 12373: 12368: 12356:. Retrieved 12352:the original 12342: 12334:the original 12324: 12312:. Retrieved 12308:the original 12298: 12286:. Retrieved 12282:the original 12277: 12267: 12247: 12240: 12230:13 September 12228:. Retrieved 12208: 12204: 12153: 12147: 12099: 12095: 12089: 12025: 11993: 11984: 11971: 11962: 11950:. Retrieved 11936: 11924:. Retrieved 11907: 11849: 11822:. Retrieved 11818:the original 11808: 11800: 11795: 11786: 11776: 11757: 11751: 11743: 11738: 11730: 11725: 11712: 11703: 11685: 11665: 11658: 11633: 11625: 11613:hespress.com 11612: 11603: 11593: 11586: 11577: 11571: 11563:the original 11553: 11541:. Retrieved 11532: 11523: 11511:. Retrieved 11507:the original 11502: 11493: 11474: 11468: 11460: 11446: 11440: 11428:. Retrieved 11424:Arab America 11423: 11414: 11406: 11392: 11386: 11367: 11361: 11349:. Retrieved 11335: 11282: 11276: 11272: 11266: 11217: 11159: 11155: 11145: 11126: 11120: 11108:. Retrieved 11094: 11082:. Retrieved 11078:the original 11068: 11060: 11059:Nasr, Vali, 11055: 11043:. Retrieved 11029: 10996: 10992: 10982: 10970: 10958:. Retrieved 10954:the original 10949: 10940: 10928: 10921:Khalaji 2009 10916: 10897: 10892: 10883: 10863: 10840: 10831: 10814: 10790: 10773: 10766:Cornell 2007 10761: 10745: 10740: 10732: 10728: 10719: 10699: 10692: 10680:. 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Retrieved 9323:the original 9313: 9301:. Retrieved 9297:the original 9292: 9283: 9264: 9246: 9237: 9228: 9222: 9183:. Retrieved 9179:the original 9174: 9145: 9142:Ahl al-BMatt 9141: 9135: 9123:Al-Islam.org 9122: 9113: 9104: 9101:the original 9095: 9088: 9079: 9066: 9060: 9051: 9046: 9028: 9011: 8999:. Retrieved 8994: 8985: 8973:. Retrieved 8964: 8955: 8931: 8924: 8907: 8904:Ghadīr Khumm 8903: 8875:. Retrieved 8871:the original 8861: 8844: 8832:. Retrieved 8826: 8819: 8803: 8795: 8790: 8781: 8772: 8763: 8754: 8742:. Retrieved 8733: 8724: 8713:, retrieved 8708: 8674: 8654:, retrieved 8649: 8628:the original 8612: 8605: 8585: 8578: 8555: 8548:. Retrieved 8539: 8529: 8515: 8503:. Retrieved 8486: 8476: 8464:. Retrieved 8450: 8430: 8423: 8403: 8396: 8378: 8369: 8363: 8344: 8323: 8319: 8298: 8286:. Retrieved 8272: 8255: 8250: 8242:the original 8232: 8223: 8214: 8202: 8190: 8178:. Retrieved 8169: 8160: 8152: 8147: 8127: 8105:. Retrieved 8100: 8091: 8079:. Retrieved 8065: 8007:. Retrieved 7984:, p. 15 7977: 7965:. Retrieved 7951: 7939:. Retrieved 7925: 7906: 7880:Cornell 2007 7875: 7848: 7842: 7837:, p. 98 7830: 7825:, p. 97 7818: 7770: 7708: 7702: 7674:, p. 34 7667: 7655:. Retrieved 7646: 7640: 7636: 7629: 7621: 7617: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7587:Wehr, Hans. 7582: 7562: 7555: 7512: 7506: 7487: 7481: 7456: 7421:Shia nations 7334:Anti-Shi'ism 7306:Islam portal 7253: 7234: 7220:(1727–1818) 7173: 7149: 7126: 7097:Shāh Cherāgh 7044: 7020: 7016: 7006: 7002:Saudi Arabia 6977: 6943: 6900:) were Arab 6885: 6875: 6864:مجموع الفِقه 6856:Majmu'l Fiqh 6855: 6849: 6825: 6818: 6801: 6791: 6777: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6756: 6709: 6702:Alavi Bohras 6689: 6675: 6657: 6655: 6643: 6621:(Pilgrimage) 6567: 6565: 6553: 6549: 6538:Alavi Bohras 6515: 6509:, where the 6488: 6477:monotheistic 6458: 6451: 6447: 6421: 6410: 6409:) and gate ( 6404: 6391: 6374: 6335:South Africa 6307:Saudi Arabia 6284: 6272: 6266: 6242: 6234: 6226: 6218: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6165: 6160: 6148: 6138: 6137:, the Usuli 6128:Persian king 6120:Qajar Empire 6105: 6056: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6022: 5988: 5984: 5976: 5956: 5948: 5936: 5928: 5920: 5913: 5911: 5903: 5895: 5887: 5879: 5871: 5864: 5858: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5792: 5780: 5766: 5722: 5711: 5699: 5679:Besides the 5678: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5574: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5527: 5493: 5232: 5227: 5077:Saudi Arabia 4998:minorities. 4950: 4945: 4816: 4811: 4751: 4746: 4697: 4691: 4674:South Africa 4651: 4635:West Sumatra 4632: 4598:Saudi Arabia 4596: 4573: 4553:Muslim world 4550: 4535: 4482:Demographics 4404: 4398: 4392: 4387: 4381: 4366: 4360: 4327: 4309:Muslim world 4294: 4202:and then of 4200:North Africa 4143:North Africa 4050:Christianity 4041:Central Asia 4025:Genghis Khan 3927: 3903: 3877: 3872:Genghis Khan 3808: 3800: 3792: 3786: 3764: 3759:report that 3757:Kanzuʿl-Umma 3756: 3752: 3749:Abu Hurairah 3744: 3740: 3711: 3709: 3665: 3639: 3626: 3603: 3589: 3573: 3557: 3551: 3541: 3498: 3489: 3475: 3451: 3436: 3379: 3347: 3325: 3303: 3285: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3265:Ghadir Khumm 3262: 3243: 3230:Ghadir Khumm 3189: 3187: 3169: 3147: 3145: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3101:Anti-Shi'ism 3096: 3079:Most of the 3078: 3058:Sahla Mosque 2995: 2949: 2831: 2813: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2770:Muslims pray 2767: 2732: 2717: 2714:Ali al-Ridha 2701: 2699: 2683: 2676: 2662: 2657:, including 2649: 2643: 2629: 2599: 2596: 2580: 2554: 2546:Zaydī Shīʿas 2538:Islamic laws 2511: 2450: 2344: 2325: 2320: 2317:Zaydī Shīʿas 2296: 2295:, possessed 2257: 2256: 2244: 2219: 2198: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2158: 2148:علي ولي الله 2139: 2120: 2116: 2098: 2096: 2084: 2080:علي ولي الله 2074: 2046: 1996: 1978: 1977:over ʿAlī's 1944:Muslim world 1930: 1926: 1916: 1901: 1895:October 2022 1892: 1885:Please help 1881: 1870: 1799: 1783: 1767: 1728: 1724: 1682: 1678: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1608: 1586: 1561:Saudi Arabia 1525:Muslim world 1498: 1452: 1446: 1441: 1300: 1299: 1208:Islamophobia 1008: 987:Demographics 982:Circumcision 898: 891: 884: 850: 842: 826: 818: 810: 799: 793: 787: 780: 526:Umm al-Banin 255:Second Fitna 135:Intercession 125:Judgment Day 53: 36: 18:Shia Muslims 23700:New Zealand 23637:Saint Lucia 23587:El Salvador 23492:Switzerland 23427:Netherlands 23199:Philippines 23127:South Korea 23122:North Korea 23012:Afghanistan 22959:South Sudan 22849:Ivory Coast 22633:Deification 22580:Objectivism 22555:Agnosticism 22508:Persecution 22498:Video games 22463:Populations 22374:Proselytism 22342:Monasticism 22333:Clericalism 22323:Agriculture 22314:and society 22279:Soteriology 22239:Comparative 22209:Transtheism 22194:Panentheism 21978:Monasticism 21771:Gallo-Roman 21673:Micronesian 21639:Manichaeism 21582:Hermeticism 21550:Continental 21545:Anglo-Saxon 21425:Paleolithic 21420:Prehistoric 21370:Scientology 21233:Italo-Roman 21088:Radha Soami 21068:New Thought 20908:Espiritismo 20849:Waaqeffanna 20789:Fon and Ewe 20727:Sub-Saharan 20610:Satsana Phi 20377:Ghost Dance 20335:Californian 20303:Anishinaabe 20229:Karo Pemena 20208:Indonesian 19882:Lingayatism 19830:Mahanubhava 19800:Vaishnavism 19731:Jeungsanism 19654:Folk Taoism 19637:Xiantiandao 19491:Zoroastrian 19150:Charismatic 19145:Pentecostal 19108:Anglicanism 19059:Waldensians 18994:Catholicism 18600:Catholicism 18495:Other areas 18486:Theological 18481:Eschatology 18438:Mathematics 18375:Calligraphy 18305:Theological 18259:Inheritance 18176:Cleanliness 17548:Shi'a Imams 17542:Ahl al-Bayt 17149:Rashid Rida 16997:Independent 16982:Edip Yüksel 16945:Ahle Qur'an 16896:Nazzāmīyya 16893:Ikhshīdiyya 16880:Huzaylīyya 16871:Bahshamiyya 16847:Mā’marīyya 16839:Rationalism 16789:Malamatiyya 16709:Mānsūrīyya 16655:Khaṭṭābiyya 16586:Mu'shabbiha 16546:Sābit Kutna 16479:Sawbānīyya 16463:Gassānīyya 16447:Gaylānīyya 16441:Other sects 16236:Sa'labīyyah 16233:Maymunīyyah 16210:Arbitration 16092:Khurramites 16056:Sam‘ānīyya 15829:Bābā Rexheb 15759:Shah Ismail 15579:Millî Görüş 15497:Ahl ar-Ra'y 15439:Al-Uthaymin 15360:Kullabiyya 15338:Sunni Islam 15239:Independent 15083:Sunni books 14907:Shaykh Tusi 14880:Ali al-Hadi 14870:Ali al-Rida 14807:Yasir Qadhi 14712:Al-Uthaymin 14702:Rashid Rida 14697:Al-Shawkani 14593:(Jāhizīyya) 14578:(Jubbāīyya) 14482:Jawālikīyya 14336:Ali al-Qari 14251:Al-Sarakhsi 14237:Al-Maturidi 14111:Al-Sha'rani 14091:Ibn Khaldun 13966:Al-Qushayri 13928:Theologians 13909:Metaphysics 13815:Eschatology 13782:Theologians 13622:Netherlands 13582:Ivory Coast 13552:El Salvador 13472:Afghanistan 13035:Halm, Heinz 12817:Holt, P. M. 12673:(3): 75–96. 12616:10871/37355 12599:: 706–734. 12504:24 December 12420:Gharbzadegi 12164:: 305–335. 10975:Bohdan 2020 10933:Bohdan 2020 10064:1 September 10047:on Pakistan 9944:17 November 9670:"Religions" 9651:10 December 9569:10 February 8834:28 December 8550:12 November 7787:. ʿAlī and 7719:: 599–623. 7401:Shia clergy 7264:territories 7137:persecution 7078:Anti-Shiism 7021:Ansar Allah 6992:schools of 6902:Zaydī Shias 6753:(1644–1676) 6690:Dawr-e-Satr 6651:Aga Khan IV 6550:Dawr-e-Satr 6503:Al-Musta‘lī 6459:In 909 CE, 6355:New Zealand 6327:Afghanistan 6283:, led by a 6257:Aga Khan IV 6235:Ahl al-Bayt 6094:Occultation 6066:تشیع اخوانی 6019:Islamic law 5999:Occultation 5914:Furu ad-Din 5865:Usul ad-Din 5819:Shia clergy 5801:Occultation 5685:sacred text 5647:Prophethood 5619:Usul ad-Din 5601:(65%), and 5555:Shia Muslim 5154:~1,500,000 4972:Afghanistan 4780:25,272,000 4624:Zaydī Shias 4588:Afghanistan 4569:Middle East 4451:Middle East 4277:Ṣūfī Muslim 4265:Middle East 4149:, parts of 4095: 1100 3745:Ahl al-Bayt 3741:Ahl al-Bayt 3713:Ahl al-Bayt 3627:Bab al-Nasr 3613:during the 3604:Bab al-Nasr 3574:Ahl al-Bayt 3558:Ahl al-Bayt 3340:First Fitna 3312:(644–656). 3254:First Fitna 3234:MS Arab 161 3216:First Fitna 2986:Ali al-Rida 2951:Ahl al-Bayt 2926:Mid-Sha'ban 2828:Eid al-Adha 2819:Eid ul-Fitr 2664:Ahl al-Bayt 2631:Ahl al-Bayt 2514:Occultation 2423:perfect man 1932:Ahl al-Bayt 1889:if you can. 1596:Shīʿat ʿAlī 1583:Terminology 1565:Afghanistan 1454:Ahl al-Bayt 1422:Sunni Islam 1341:designated 886:Ahl al-Bayt 771:Foundations 456:Ahl al-Kisa 371:Qutbi Bohra 366:Alavi Bohra 344:Progressive 270:Persecution 250:First Fitna 205:Omar Koshan 190:Eid al-Adha 185:Eid al-Fitr 88:Prophethood 23865:Shia Islam 23690:Micronesia 23567:Costa Rica 23462:San Marino 23422:Montenegro 23402:Luxembourg 23259:Uzbekistan 23234:Tajikistan 23139:Kyrgyzstan 23112:Kazakhstan 23062:East Timor 23032:Bangladesh 23022:Azerbaijan 22939:Seychelles 22904:Mozambique 22889:Mauritania 22874:Madagascar 22764:Cape Verde 22546:irreligion 22541:Secularism 22443:Minorities 22411:Toleration 22406:Syncretism 22391:Fanaticism 22381:Disability 22369:Missionary 22359:Conversion 22347:Ordination 22269:Psychology 22264:Philosophy 22204:Polytheism 22184:Monotheism 22179:Henotheism 22020:Orthopraxy 22010:Ordination 21973:Meditation 21968:Indigenous 21933:Entheogens 21918:Conversion 21744:Pueblo III 21661:Babylonian 21651:Melanesian 21572:Gnosticism 21457:Lithuanian 21350:Fourth Way 21204:Circassian 21182:Dievturība 21105:Tensegrity 21038:Falun Gong 20683:Sanamahism 20663:Donyi-Polo 20251:Polynesian 20197:Kaharingan 20122:Burkhanism 20061:Ravidassia 20039:Śvetāmbara 19825:Pushtimarg 19805:Krishnaism 19741:Vietnamese 19726:Cheondoism 19659:Yao Taoism 19595:East Asian 19361:Isma'ilism 19317:Maturidism 19096:Mennonites 19091:Hutterites 19076:Anabaptism 18969:Humanistic 18660:Ex-Muslims 18545:Shu'ubiyya 18539:Psychology 18527:Literature 18517:Inventions 18463:Philosophy 18271:Leadership 18247:Honorifics 17902:Philosophy 17709:Isma'ilism 17670:Maturidism 17553:Caliphates 17524:Golden Age 17415:Revelation 17193:Süleymancı 17101:Said Nursî 17060:Mahdavīyya 17011:Messianism 16915:Sumamīyya 16905:Hābītīyya 16798:Baba Ishak 16740:Saba'īyya 16727:Mukhāmmīsa 16718:Mughīrīyya 16705:Ghurābīyya 16667:Bāzīghiyya 16635:Bārāq Bābā 16614:Hulmānīyya 16511:Ziyādīyya 16503:Ubaydīyya 16495:Shamrīyya 16487:Sālehīyya 16471:Tūmanīyya 16455:Yūnusīyya 16416:Sauwāqīyya 16392:Hakāiqīyya 16376:Karrāmīyya 16366:Hanafiyyah 16220:Kharijites 16158:Nuktawiyya 16109:al-Muqanna 16087:Muḥammirah 16075:Abu Muslim 16071:Rezāmīyya 16046:Hārithīyya 16038:Janāhiyya 16028:Hashimiyya 16002:Kaysanites 15949:Badakhshan 15882:Qarmatians 15869:Batiniyyah 15849:Isma'ilism 15820:Demir Bābā 15815:Baktāshism 15808:Bektashism 15787:ibn Nusayr 15783:al-Khaṣībī 15767:Kul Nesîmî 15763:Pir Sultan 15668:Khalafiyya 15663:Dukayniyya 15597:Shia Islam 15539:Maturidism 15461:Madkhalism 15364:Ibn Kullab 15187:Shia books 14737:Madkhalism 14637:Najjārīyya 14527:al-Qībtī ( 14501:Karramiyya 14497:Ibn Karram 14453:Mu'jassimā 14341:Al-Maydani 14331:Ali Qushji 14256:Al-Bazdawi 14232:Maturidism 14217:Al-Shafi'i 14086:Al-Baydawi 14046:Qadi Ayyad 14021:Ibn Tumart 13976:Al-Ghazali 13961:Al-Juwayni 13951:Al-Bayhaqi 13942:al-Ash'ari 13914:Philosophy 13835:Philosophy 13717:Uzbekistan 13687:Tajikistan 13502:Bangladesh 13492:Azerbaijan 12546:"Malaysia" 11972:Yahoo News 11952:7 February 10999:(3): 437. 10950:ایرنا پلاس 10682:13 October 10467:"Pakistan" 10306:24 October 10165:Al Jazeera 9868:27 January 9842:Momen 1985 9718:18 January 9609:Momen 1985 9597:Momen 1985 9520:2008020716 9215:Momen 1985 8505:24 October 8207:Momen 1985 8170:Britannica 8009:22 January 7982:Momen 1985 7759:sc76000837 7443:References 7245:Tariq Aziz 7202:Christians 7058:group and 6952:rulers of 6924:(northern 6922:Tabaristan 6727:Gold dinar 6631:(Struggle) 6440:Qarmatians 6323:Tajikistan 6319:Uzbekistan 6245:) to God. 6221:) and the 6215:divine law 6157:Isma'ilism 6147:Ismāʿīlī ( 5933:(fasting); 5829:. In this 5777:divine law 5769:infallible 5655:Leadership 5627:Monotheism 5591:Azerbaijan 5252:Tajikistan 5086:2,000,000 5055:2,100,000 5020:2,400,000 4981:3,000,000 4936:Azerbaijan 4921:Alevi Shia 4886:Zaydi Shia 4565:Azerbaijan 4546:South Asia 4363:literature 4275:, and the 4007:Persianate 3951:Qarmatians 3529:Left: the 2988:, the 8th 2959:Holy sites 2710:Israelites 2057:Kalema at 1761:and other 1537:Azerbaijan 1369:) and the 1301:Shia Islam 1076:Philosophy 813:(exegesis) 750:Pilgrimage 740:Almsgiving 511:Umm Salama 495:Holy women 83:Holy Books 78:Monotheism 54:Shia Islam 23808:Venezuela 23753:Argentina 23670:Australia 23622:Nicaragua 23597:Guatemala 23397:Lithuania 23219:Sri Lanka 23214:Singapore 23194:Palestine 23082:Indonesia 23072:Hong Kong 22894:Mauritius 22615:Overviews 22570:Criticism 22523:Sectarian 22513:Terrorism 22488:Theocracy 22433:Happiness 22401:Pluralism 22386:Education 22312:Religion 22284:Salvation 22274:Sociology 22219:Religious 22199:Pantheism 22189:Nontheism 22082:Mountains 22060:Sacrifice 22015:Orthodoxy 22005:Mythology 22000:Mysticism 21889:Behaviour 21798:Canaanite 21781:Mithraism 21749:Pueblo IV 21739:Pueblo II 21644:Mazdakism 21614:Hungarian 21587:Mysteries 21496:Dravidian 21278:Hungarian 21194:Caucasian 21165:Godianism 21125:Agni Yoga 21115:Theosophy 21078:Rastafari 21053:Modekngei 21033:Brahmoism 21026:Syncretic 21018:movements 21016:religious 20928:Quimbanda 20876:Candomblé 20869:Diasporic 20648:Bathouism 20638:Benzhuism 20558:Tsimshian 20485:Purépecha 20423:Longhouse 20381:Sun Dance 20330:Blackfoot 20318:Wabunowin 20313:Midewiwin 20234:Malaysian 20224:Kapitayan 20034:Digambara 20019:Ayyavazhi 19984:Vajrayana 19949:Theravada 19862:Ganapatya 19835:Ramanandi 19764:Hoahaoism 19642:Yiguandao 19537:Yarsanism 19532:Shabakism 19519:Yazdânism 19509:Zurvanism 19504:Mazdaznan 19463:Rastafari 19458:Mandaeism 19332:Wahhabism 19312:Ash'arism 19275:Tolstoyan 19265:Spiritual 19255:Mormonism 19226:Judaizers 19199:Quakerism 19177:Methodist 19167:Irvingism 19118:Calvinism 19071:Adventism 19054:Moravians 18891:Abrahamic 18777:Symbolism 18735:Incidents 18713:Criticism 18605:Mormonism 18502:Astrology 18428:Cosmology 18423:Astronomy 18365:Arabesque 18232:Etiquette 18191:Blasphemy 17981:Economics 17796:Ahmadiyya 17738:Muhakkima 17685:Wahhabism 17675:Mu'tazili 17660:Ash'arism 17121:Modernism 17053:Sabbatean 17041:Kabbalist 17019:Ahmadiyya 16950:Kala Kato 16923:Kā‘bīyya 16854:Bishriyya 16834:Muʿtazila 16767:al-Juhani 16760:Qadariyah 16630:Kalandars 16610:Hāshwīyya 16498:Abū Shamr 16431:Zarībīyya 16428:Wāhidīyya 16419:Sūramīyya 16413:Razīnīyya 16389:Dhīmmīyya 16358:Hasan ibn 16332:Wahbiyyah 16279:Abu Qurra 16205:Muhakkima 16149:Hurufiyya 16136:Mahdiists 16051:Riyāhīyya 16032:Hārbīyya 15973:Aga Khans 15968:Assassins 15931:Sulaymani 15895:ad-Darazi 15833:Hārābātīs 15750:Qizilbash 15743:Shaykhism 15619:Jarudiyya 15530:Al-Ahbash 15511:Ash'arism 15444:Al-Albani 15424:Wahhabism 15269:Ahmadiyya 15210:Al-Khisal 15120:Al-Irshad 15075:Key books 14722:Al-Albani 14690:Wahhabism 14544:Mu'tazila 14533:Qadariyah 14411:Mu'attila 14326:Ibn Kemal 14321:Khidr Bey 14201:Hanafiyah 14136:Al-Bahūtī 14131:Ibn Ashir 14096:Ibn Arafa 13991:Ibn Furak 13986:Al-Maziri 13937:Ash'arism 13904:Cosmology 13881:Cosmology 13876:Astronomy 13848:Education 13662:Singapore 13637:Palestine 13562:Indonesia 13487:Australia 13307:225510058 13299:1940-3461 12823:(1977a). 12776:(1993) . 12667:Discourse 12633:195448888 12625:1552-6526 12384:pp. 52–53 12278:The Times 12219:): 1–48. 12180:1573-0255 12126:2077-1444 12091:Religions 12066:1874-6691 11884:213121908 11303:0003-0279 11258:1874-6691 11184:170748666 11176:0021-0862 11084:8 January 11021:143672216 11013:0026-3206 10562:"Lebanon" 10395:14 August 10147:27 August 10105:27 August 9827:8 October 9772:25 August 9709:"Shīʿite" 9690:25 August 9490:"Baghdad" 9329:5 January 9303:28 August 9185:28 August 9001:14 August 8744:8 January 8715:8 January 8656:8 January 8646:"Najāsat" 8495:0099-9660 8466:26 August 8166:"Shīʿite" 8107:28 August 7967:12 August 7941:12 August 7793:the Imams 7781:successor 7743:0002-7189 7735:1477-4585 7473:Citations 7216:from the 7161:genocidal 6954:al-Yamama 6615:(Fasting) 6605:(Charity) 6544:, son of 6415:) of the 6351:Australia 6303:Palestine 6273:Ismāʿīlīs 6162:Ismāʿīlīs 6098:12th Imam 6078:Ibn Arabi 6053:Islamists 6046:Ayatollah 5995:12th Imam 5925:(prayer); 5854:Qizilbash 5504:Ismāʿīlīs 5454:~100,000 5424:~100,000 5394:~125,000 5359:~225,000 5325:~300,000 5295:~400,000 5261:~400,000 4620:Sulaymani 4613:Nakhawila 4245:Ismā'īl I 4196:al-Muʻizz 4125:Imam, in 4068:Bahmanids 4003:Ilkhanate 3997:al-Jazira 3918:Dynasties 3770:Arab clan 3696:Imam Reza 3648:, became 3646:Ismāʿīlīs 3602:, namely 3600:Old Cairo 3364:al-Zubayr 3344:civil war 3149:mujtahids 3046:Kadhimiya 2741:Practices 2693:, son of 2652:Abrahamic 2436:romanized 2400:romanized 2380:romanized 2366:malāʾikah 2360:romanized 2271:romanized 2024:romanized 1981:(grave), 1768:The term 1644:Shīʿiyyūn 1587:The word 1426:his death 1407:romanized 1360:romanized 1347:successor 1196:terrorism 1148:Criticism 1101:Sexuality 1071:Mysticism 1041:Festivals 1021:Education 1016:Economics 952:Academics 908:Caliphate 721:Practices 546:Shahrbanu 431:Qizilbash 23859:Category 23834:Category 23798:Suriname 23788:Paraguay 23773:Colombia 23680:Kiribati 23607:Honduras 23577:Dominica 23552:Barbados 23517:Scotland 23477:Slovenia 23472:Slovakia 23447:Portugal 23317:Bulgaria 23239:Thailand 23189:Pakistan 23169:Mongolia 23164:Maldives 23159:Malaysia 23047:Cambodia 22994:Zimbabwe 22969:Tanzania 22819:Ethiopia 22814:Eswatini 22794:Djibouti 22759:Cameroon 22744:Botswana 22688:Timeline 22683:Scholars 22643:Founders 22503:Violence 22458:Politics 22328:Business 22291:Theology 22035:Prophecy 22025:Paganism 21913:Covenant 21880:Apostasy 21815:Scythian 21756:Rapa Nui 21710:Thracian 21705:Illyrian 21695:Albanian 21666:Sumerian 21624:Illinois 21604:Harappan 21555:Frankish 21540:Germanic 21535:Georgian 21528:Selk'nam 21513:Etruscan 21501:Egyptian 21479:Druidism 21442:Armenian 21365:Satanism 21345:Eckankar 21268:Estonian 21253:Romanian 21243:Ossetian 21223:Germanic 21172:Armenian 21161:African 21154:paganism 21083:Sant Mat 21073:Rajneesh 21048:Meivazhi 21043:Japanese 21000:Siberian 20933:Santería 20903:Convince 20769:Bushongo 20673:Kiratism 20600:Hmongism 20549:Wocekiye 20450:Jivaroan 20406:Cherokee 20401:Iroquois 20396:Ho-Chunk 20285:American 20256:Hawaiian 20169:Sarnaism 20139:Tungusic 20127:Tengrism 20117:Mongolic 20046:Sarnaism 19977:Nichiren 19954:Mahayana 19941:Buddhism 19919:Sant Mat 19909:Sauraism 19904:Smartism 19899:Shaktism 19892:Balinese 19877:Kaumaram 19872:Kapalika 19867:Kashmiri 19852:Shaivism 19792:Hinduism 19759:Caodaism 19703:Ryukyuan 19698:Tenrikyo 19693:Shugendō 19671:Japanese 19542:Yazidism 19527:Ishikism 19405:Quranism 19378:Khawarij 19327:Salafism 19322:Atharism 19211:Esoteric 19182:Holiness 19172:Lutheran 19133:Reformed 19113:Baptists 19086:Brethren 19050:Hussites 19038:Assyrian 18954:Haymanot 18908:Orthodox 18857:Religion 18815:Category 18708:Islamism 18691:Muhammad 18647:Apostasy 18622:Hinduism 18512:Feminism 18443:Medicine 18283:Military 18237:Gambling 18186:Apostasy 18181:Criminal 18093:Marriage 18062:Tayammum 18014:Murabaha 17887:Madrasas 17877:Holidays 17867:Clothing 17862:Children 17857:Calendar 17808:Quranism 17742:Khawarij 17714:Alawites 17665:Atharism 17559:Rashidun 17398:In Islam 17393:Muhammad 17238:Tawakkul 17205:Tawassul 17167:Taṣawwuf 17089:doctrine 16937:Quranism 16731:Namiriya 16360:Muḥāmmad 16353:Murji'ah 16067:Rawendis 15990:Satpanth 15911:Musta'li 15906:Fatimids 15804:Hurufism 15791:Alawites 15696:Sects in 15688:Mahdiist 15624:Batriyya 15570:Deobandi 15521:Shafi'is 15456:Jihadism 15403:Salafism 15371:Hanbalis 15352:Atharism 15265:Malfūzāt 15203:Al-Amali 14800:Hazimism 14512:Murji'ah 14436:Jahmīyya 14424:Mu'jbira 14016:Ibn Aqil 13632:Pakistan 13612:Malaysia 13517:Botswana 13424:18 April 13418:Shafaqna 13268:: 64–79. 13192:(2007). 13170:(1989). 13138:(2013). 13116:(1985). 13037:(2004). 13013:(2011). 12973:59136662 12915:(1979). 12893:(2001). 12867:(1988). 12845:(2002). 12709:(2007). 12566:17 March 12557:Archived 12530:17 March 12524:Archived 12477:19 April 12471:Archived 12466:BBC News 12221:Archived 12024:(eds.). 11998:Archived 11994:NDTV.com 11976:Archived 11946:Archived 11920:Archived 11789:. Brill. 11717:Archived 11695:Archived 11617:Archived 11537:Archived 11430:13 April 11351:24 April 11345:Archived 11327:47785421 11319:12032032 11216:(eds.). 11104:Archived 11045:25 April 11039:Archived 10845:Archived 10803:Archived 10785:. p. 45. 10676:Archived 10445:Archived 10389:Archived 10331:Archived 10327:This Day 10300:Archived 10266:Archived 10241:21 March 10237:. London 10214:24 March 10208:Archived 10055:Archived 9993:Archived 9938:Archived 9892:Archived 9888:BBC News 9862:Archived 9766:Archived 9645:Archived 9587:, p. 49. 9563:Archived 9524:Archived 9498:New York 9394:(1994). 9127:Archived 9038:Archived 8995:BBC News 8969:Archived 8947:Archived 8798:, p. 23. 8738:Archived 8564:cite web 8499:Archived 8460:Archived 8388:Archived 8314:, p. 135 8282:Archived 8174:Archived 8155:, p. 47. 8075:Archived 8003:Archived 7961:Archived 7935:Archived 7867:59136662 7773:Muhammad 7751:24488178 7651:Archived 7329:Alawites 7278:See also 7190:Bektashi 7141:violence 7121:Muhammad 7056:militant 7053:Islamist 6934:Samanids 6918:Deylaman 6897:الأدارسة 6888:Idrisids 6882:Timeline 6788:Doctrine 6762:Zaydiyya 6682:Musta‘lī 6599:(Prayer) 6589:(Purity) 6524:and the 6495:Musta‘lī 6430:of Imam 6380:Ismāʿīlī 6295:Pakistan 6277:Aga Khan 6219:sharī'ah 6211:mystical 5881:Nubuwwah 5850:Bektashi 5609:Doctrine 5529:mujtahid 5502:and the 5496:Twelvers 5145:Tanzania 4771:Pakistan 4712:Article 4709:Country 4696:report, 4649:Sunnīs. 4617:Ismāʿīlī 4584:Pakistan 4429:Safavids 4400:mujtahid 4376:Muhammad 4279:ascetic 4210:and the 4139:Fatimids 4123:Ismāʿīlī 4046:Buddhism 3989:Uqaylids 3937:Idrisids 3912:Damascus 3729:Muhammad 3642:Twelvers 3591:Zulfiqar 3535:Arba'een 3376:Kharijis 3372:Muawiyah 3348:khilafāʾ 3305:rāshidūn 3292:Abū Bakr 3238:Ilkhanid 3121:Najāsat) 3117:impurity 2934:Sha'aban 2877:Damascus 2873:Arba'een 2867:Muharram 2849:and the 2804:Holidays 2659:Muhammad 2655:prophets 2644:Tabarruk 2506:Twelvers 2305:Ismāʿīlī 2200:Nubuwwah 2188:تَوْحِيد 2109:الشهادة‎ 1940:Muhammad 1871:require 1810:and the 1605:شيعة علي 1573:its laws 1567:and the 1509:Isma'ili 1442:rashidun 1438:rightful 1430:Abu Bakr 1339:Muhammad 1242:Glossary 1218:Jihadism 1191:Violence 1186:Islamism 1157:Muhammad 1143:Apostasy 1086:Politics 1036:Feminism 1031:Exorcism 992:Diaspora 977:Children 972:Calendar 900:Rashidun 878:Muhammad 873:Timeline 834:Mathnawi 696:Prophets 640:a series 638:Part of 463:Muhammad 419:Bektashi 395:Satpanth 329:Musta'li 324:Isma'ili 235:Mubahala 175:Arba'een 46:a series 44:Part of 23803:Uruguay 23778:Ecuador 23758:Bolivia 23735:Vanuatu 23662:Oceania 23612:Jamaica 23592:Grenada 23547:Bahamas 23507:England 23497:Ukraine 23452:Romania 23412:Moldova 23372:Ireland 23367:Iceland 23362:Hungary 23352:Germany 23342:Finland 23337:Estonia 23332:Denmark 23327:Czechia 23322:Croatia 23307:Belgium 23302:Belarus 23297:Austria 23292:Andorra 23287:Albania 23264:Vietnam 23174:Myanmar 23149:Lebanon 23067:Georgia 23027:Bahrain 23017:Armenia 22979:Tunisia 22949:Somalia 22934:Senegal 22919:Nigeria 22909:Namibia 22899:Morocco 22864:Liberia 22859:Lesotho 22809:Eritrea 22779:Comoros 22754:Burundi 22729:Algeria 22673:Outline 22638:Deities 22565:Atheism 22478:Science 22396:Freedom 22254:History 22221:studies 22174:Dualism 22164:Animism 22129:Worship 22109:Symbols 22050:Liturgy 21963:Goddess 21923:Deities 21904:Laicism 21894:Beliefs 21873:Aspects 21845:Zapotec 21840:Vainakh 21808:Yahwism 21793:Semitic 21722:Iranian 21619:Hurrian 21609:Hittite 21599:Guanche 21592:Orphism 21523:Fuegian 21518:Finnish 21506:Atenism 21452:Latvian 21437:Arabian 21380:Raëlism 21360:Jediism 21355:Goddess 21328:De novo 21216:Druidry 21110:Thelema 21063:New Age 20948:Umbanda 20839:Tumbuka 20824:Odinala 20809:Lugbara 20729:African 20695:African 20643:Bimoism 20633:Burmese 20465:Mapuche 20443:Wyandot 20386:Guarani 20367:Choctaw 20362:Chilote 20298:Alaskan 20293:Abenaki 20244:Tagalog 20217:Kejawèn 20066:Sikhism 20029:Jainism 19989:Tibetan 19972:Amidism 19840:Warkari 19754:Đạo Mẫu 19604:Chinese 19586:Eastern 19563:Roshani 19482:Iranian 19390:Alevism 19383:Ibadism 19356:Zaydism 19033:Ancient 19004:Eastern 18964:Renewal 18949:Karaite 18930:Zionist 18918:Hasidic 18900:Judaism 18882:Western 18762:Nursing 18723:Qutbism 18637:Sikhism 18632:Judaism 18627:Jainism 18617:Druzism 18453:Physics 18400:Pottery 18385:Gardens 18380:Carpets 18295:Slavery 18217:Divorce 18204:Dhabiĥa 18032:Hygiene 18007:Takaful 17989:Banking 17919:Science 17913:Qurbani 17882:Mosques 17842:Animals 17831:Culture 17765:Nukkari 17760:Azzabas 17747:Azariqa 17731:Zaydism 17719:Alevism 17595:Ottoman 17585:Almohad 17580:Fatimid 17575:Córdoba 17570:Abbasid 17565:Umayyad 17498:Leaders 17493:History 17451:Shahada 17366:Beliefs 17287:Shafi'i 17277:Hanbali 17243:Tewafuq 17223:Sadaqah 17184:Barelvi 17175:Ṭarīqah 17029:Qadiani 17002:beliefs 16777:Alevism 16624:Dimashq 16410:Nūnīyya 16404:Maʿīyya 16364:ibn al- 16339:Azzabas 16300:Ibadism 16288:Nukkari 16242:Azariqa 16227:Ajardi 16174:Bábīyya 16080:Sunpadh 16012:Mukhtār 15977:Nizaris 15952:Alevism 15926:Dawoodi 15916:Tayyibi 15878:Sevener 15857:Fathite 15731:Akhbari 15726:Ja'fari 15713:Twelver 15692:Shi'ite 15629:Imamate 15606:Zaydism 15557:Barelvi 15544:Hanafis 15516:Malikis 15485:Maqrizi 15434:Ibn Baz 15393:Zahiris 15155:Masnavi 14707:Ibn Baz 14521:Dimashq 14221:Shafi‘i 14151:'Illish 13886:Physics 13868:Science 13692:Tunisia 13667:Somalia 13652:Senegal 13627:Nigeria 13617:Morocco 13602:Lebanon 13507:Belgium 13497:Bahrain 13477:Algeria 13399:4 March 13378:4 March 13345:4 March 13039:Shiʻism 12699:Sources 12652:(PhD). 12595:(5–6). 12427:, 1982. 12110:: 483. 11926:8 March 11543:9 April 11513:9 April 11289:: 542. 10826:. p. 45 10756:. p. 40 10451:20 June 9968:. 2012. 9530:21 June 8975:18 June 8856:. p. 40 8711:, Brill 8652:, Brill 8180:21 July 8060:. p. 46 7807:of the 7767:1479270 7657:31 July 7610:Shiʻite 7460:A 2019 7262:in its 7210:Wahhabi 7206:Al Saud 7182:Selim I 7176:Ottoman 6990:Shāfiʿī 6930:Alavids 6910:Maghreb 6906:Idris I 6876:Hadawis 6758:Zaydism 6718:Zaydism 6708:Zaydī ( 6686:Ṭayyibi 6646:Nizārīs 6587:Taharah 6581:Walayah 6562:Pillars 6522:Ṭayyibi 6511:Iranian 6444:Bahrain 6375:In the 6166:Sevener 6149:Sevener 6107:ikhwani 6086:Akhbari 6062:Persian 6040:Allamah 6028:ijtihad 5842:Shaykhi 5781:sharīʿa 5639:Justice 5603:Lebanon 5597:(70%), 5595:Bahrain 5593:(85%), 5589:(90%), 5575:Jaʿfari 5563:Twelver 5542:Twelver 5536:Twelver 5524:jurists 5370:Detroit 5286:Germany 5218:Bahrain 5195:Ismaili 5106:Nigeria 5046:Lebanon 4913:~10–15 4678:Somalia 4647:Shāfiʿī 4607:in the 4605:Baharna 4602:Twelver 4592:Bahrain 4471:Muslims 4449:in the 4393:sharīʿa 4352:Akhbari 4345:Persian 4337:Persian 4253:Twelver 4247:of the 4163:Fāṭimah 4119:Fatimid 4062:Öljaitü 4037:Western 4013:khanate 3983:Iranian 3980:Twelver 3966:Bahrain 3958:Iranian 3955:Ismaili 3945:Morocco 3908:Messiah 3864:Öljaitü 3817:Imamate 3544:Karbala 3480:Isfahan 3310:ʿUthmān 3202:Origins 3178:History 3131:, with 3089:Wahhabi 3085:Al Saud 3083:by the 3054:Samarra 3018:Mashhad 3014:Karbala 2978:Mashhad 2906:Fāṭimah 2863:Karbala 2823:Ramadan 2787:Maghrib 2759:Karbala 2753:at the 2691:Solomon 2602:reports 2451:Ghaybah 2438:: 2413:as the 2402:: 2386:anbiyāʼ 2382:: 2362:: 2355:ملائِكة 2313:Fāṭimah 2301:Twelver 2285: 2273:: 2266:عِصْمَة 2237: 2216: 2195: 2174:Shahada 2155: 2136: 2119:states 2117:Shahada 2100:Shahada 2061:of the 2047:Shahada 2039:Fāṭimah 2030:khalifa 2026:: 1999:prophet 1873:cleanup 1846:Beliefs 1836:Abraham 1759:English 1729:Shīʿite 1723:), and 1683:Shīʿism 1557:Bahrain 1541:Lebanon 1470: 1418:Saqifah 1409:: 1386: 1366:khalifa 1362:: 1113:Slavery 1096:Science 1051:Madrasa 1046:Finance 957:Animals 945:society 941:Culture 913:Imamate 893:Sahabah 866:History 836:(Poems) 821:(creed) 745:Fasting 673:Oneness 666:Beliefs 334:Tayyibi 305:Shaykhi 295:Akhbari 290:Ja'fari 218:History 108:Twelver 103:Ismaili 98:Imamate 23844:Portal 23783:Guyana 23763:Brazil 23730:Tuvalu 23627:Panama 23617:Mexico 23562:Canada 23557:Belize 23487:Sweden 23467:Serbia 23457:Russia 23442:Poland 23437:Norway 23417:Monaco 23387:Latvia 23382:Kosovo 23357:Greece 23347:France 23279:Europe 23244:Turkey 23229:Taiwan 23134:Kuwait 23107:Jordan 23097:Israel 23057:Cyprus 23042:Brunei 23037:Bhutan 22989:Zambia 22984:Uganda 22924:Rwanda 22879:Malawi 22839:Guinea 22829:Gambia 22734:Angola 22721:Africa 22530:Wealth 22473:Schism 22428:Growth 22352:Priest 22337:Clergy 22156:Theism 22139:Nature 22134:Astral 22077:Groves 22045:Ritual 22030:Prayer 21988:Novice 21938:Ethnic 21863:Topics 21835:Urartu 21830:Tongan 21825:Somali 21820:Slavic 21700:Dacian 21474:Celtic 21469:Basque 21447:Baltic 21298:Udmurt 21263:Uralic 21258:Slavic 21211:Celtic 21199:Abkhaz 21187:Romuva 21177:Baltic 21152:Modern 20995:Papuan 20958:Voodoo 20913:Kumina 20854:Yoruba 20844:Urhobo 20814:Maasai 20799:Lotuko 20747:Baluba 20737:Akamba 20710:Berber 20668:Heraka 20658:Dongba 20544:Lakota 20517:Pueblo 20512:Pawnee 20502:Navajo 20492:Muisca 20460:Lenape 20438:Seneca 20428:Mohawk 20350:Ohlone 20325:Apache 20308:Ojibwe 20283:Native 20149:Manchu 20144:Evenki 20105:Altaic 20096:Ethnic 20071:Khalsa 20024:Kalash 19914:Śrauta 19783:Indian 19713:Korean 19679:Shinto 19649:Taoism 19622:Luoism 19448:Baháʼí 19443:Bábism 19395:Ahmadi 19373:Sufism 19366:Alawis 19016:Church 18944:Reform 18925:Modern 18913:Haredi 18574: 18532:poetry 18342: 18227:Ethics 18211:Dhimmi 18170:Baligh 18131:Mahram 18088:Family 18068:Toilet 18048:Miswak 17801:Lahori 17784:Najdat 17680:Salafi 17630:Seerah 17625:Tafsir 17620:Hadith 17590:Sokoto 17535:Sahaba 17410:Angels 17387:Tawhid 17344:topics 17292:Zahiri 17282:Maliki 17272:Hanafi 17248:Thawab 17228:Sunnah 17153:Other 17109:Hizmet 17073:Zikris 17044:Dönmes 17034:Lahori 17000:Muslim 16820:Rifa`i 16765:Ma'bad 16647:Tajsīm 16595:Tamsīl 16322:Ifrani 16262:Najdat 16165:Shayki 16134:Other 16102:Mazyar 15981:Khojas 15959:Nizari 15938:Hafizi 15899:Druzes 15880: 15824:Alians 15778:Ghulat 15258:Alawis 14525:Nabati 14490:Abdals 14472:Juzjan 14211:Maliki 13896:Sufism 13820:Ethics 13807:Aqidah 13799:Fields 13778:Fields 13697:Turkey 13597:Kuwait 13587:Jordan 13577:Israel 13537:Canada 13527:Brunei 13522:Brazil 13482:Angola 13364:London 13305: 13297: 13242: 13223: 13204: 13178: 13152: 13124: 13102: 13083: 13064: 13045: 13023: 12997: 12971: 12961: 12942: 12923: 12901: 12875: 12853: 12831: 12805: 12786: 12762: 12721: 12631: 12623: 12401: 12380: 12288:23 May 12255: 12178: 12158:Leiden 12124: 12064: 12054: 12034:Boston 12030:Leiden 11882: 11872: 11764: 11673: 11646: 11481: 11453: 11399: 11374: 11325: 11317: 11311:605981 11309: 11301: 11256: 11246: 11226:Boston 11222:Leiden 11182: 11174: 11133: 11110:1 June 11019: 11011: 10960:10 May 10904: 10871: 10822: 10781: 10752: 10707: 10668: 10597:. BBC. 10550:. BBC. 10529: 10490:. BBC. 10420: 10381: 10354: 10292: 10185: 10019: 9916: 9555: 9518: 9508: 9464: 9436: 9402: 9373: 9271: 9019: 8939: 8852: 8811: 8681: 8620: 8593: 8493: 8438: 8411: 8351: 8310: 8264: 8194:Quran 8135: 8056: 8034: 7913: 7865: 7855: 7765: 7757: 7749: 7741: 7733: 7641:Shiite 7622:Shiite 7614:Shiite 7608:, and 7570: 7546: 7519: 7494: 7214:Ikhwan 7186:Alevis 7179:sultan 7157:brutal 7139:, and 7101:Shiraz 7029:Sana'a 6986:Ḥanafī 6966:Sa'dah 6958:caliph 6946:Buyids 6920:, and 6892:Arabic 6870:, the 6860:Arabic 6827:Sayyid 6802:Sayyid 6774:Fivers 6764:or as 6733:, the 6700:, and 6668:Malika 6536:, and 6526:Ḥāfiẓi 6507:Alamut 6491:Nizārī 6392:taʾwīl 6377:Nizārī 6357:, and 6315:Jordan 6227:sunnah 6180:, the 6140:marjaʿ 6034:marjaʿ 6015:hadith 5905:Imamah 5873:Tawḥīd 5852:, and 5846:Alevis 5836:sunnah 5833:, the 5761:, and 5747:, and 5693:hadith 5581:, the 5514:, the 5500:Zaydīs 5460:<1 5430:<1 5400:<1 5365:<1 5362:~0.07 5331:<1 5301:<1 5267:<1 5237:<1 5199:Ahmadi 5190:<1 5187:20–25 5175:Kuwait 5160:<1 5121:<1 5118:<1 5061:<1 5033:sect. 4996:Hazara 4923:sect. 4901:Turkey 4888:sect. 4878:35–40 4848:1.3–2 4821:10–11 4756:37–40 4666:Sokoto 4643:Tabuik 4628:Najran 4580:Turkey 4576:Kuwait 4563:, and 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4395:courts 4384:judges 4368:sunnah 4365:, and 4361:ḥadīth 4305:Persia 4184:Arabic 4159:Medina 4151:Arabia 4147:Levant 4145:, the 4054:Ghazan 4033:Hulagu 4010:Mongol 3976:Buyids 3860:Ghazan 3839:, and 3801:ḥikmah 3765:ḥadīth 3650:Imamis 3553:shahid 3500:bay'ah 3458:Medina 3446:: The 3400:, and 3362:, and 3360:Talhah 3328:Medina 3298:, and 3250:Fatima 3214:, and 3125:kitābῑ 3107:Purity 3093:Ikhwan 3064:, the 3060:, the 3056:, the 3004:, the 3002:Medina 2996:After 2898:, the 2887:Mawlid 2751:prayer 2718:Imamat 2702:Imamat 2671:, the 2620:, and 2600:ḥadīth 2516:is an 2475:, and 2427:Arabic 2391:Arabic 2375:أنبياء 2371:Arabic 2351:Arabic 2347:angels 2262:Arabic 2226:Arabic 2221:Imamah 2205:Arabic 2184:Arabic 2179:Tawḥīd 2144:Arabic 2125:Arabic 2113:Sunnīs 2105:Arabic 2015:Arabic 2011:caliph 1840:’Imrân 1792:caliph 1725:Shiite 1679:Shiism 1613:Arabic 1601:Arabic 1549:Turkey 1545:Kuwait 1535:, and 1482:Husayn 1459:Arabic 1449:Imamah 1434:caliph 1413:sahaba 1398:Arabic 1375:Arabic 1351:Arabic 1328:branch 1167:Hadith 1081:Poetry 1061:Mosque 1026:Ethics 851:Sharia 819:Aqidah 811:Tafsir 795:Hadith 789:Sunnah 733:Prayer 684:Angels 561:Narjis 501:Fatima 483:Husayn 473:Fatima 436:Ishiki 404:Ghulat 385:Nizari 378:Hafizi 317:Houthi 265:Origin 180:Mawlid 170:Ashura 140:Clergy 120:Angels 23768:Chile 23725:Tonga 23715:Samoa 23705:Palau 23695:Nauru 23602:Haiti 23522:Wales 23482:Spain 23407:Malta 23377:Italy 23269:Yemen 23224:Syria 23204:Qatar 23179:Nepal 23154:Macau 23117:Korea 23102:Japan 23077:India 23052:China 22964:Sudan 22914:Niger 22869:Libya 22854:Kenya 22834:Ghana 22824:Gabon 22799:Egypt 22739:Benin 22648:Index 22619:lists 22483:State 22301:Women 22169:Deism 22144:Place 22124:Water 22119:Truth 22087:Trees 21943:Faith 21908:Laity 21803:Punic 21761:Roman 21727:Vedic 21685:Olmec 21567:Greek 21560:Norse 21484:Irish 21305:Wicca 21100:Subud 20990:Inuit 20963:Winti 20953:Vodou 20918:Obeah 20898:Comfa 20881:Bantu 20834:Serer 20819:Mbuti 20779:Dogon 20774:Dinka 20757:Kongo 20752:Bantu 20678:Qiang 20573:Yaqui 20539:Sioux 20475:Aztec 20391:Haida 20345:Miwok 20340:Kuksu 20261:Māori 20192:Dayak 20113:Turko 20076:Sects 20012:Other 19967:Thiền 19551:Other 19453:Druze 19431:Other 19307:Sunni 19299:Islam 19081:Amish 18999:Latin 18696:Quran 18576:Other 18471:Early 18395:Music 18311:Kalam 18265:Jizya 18253:Hudud 18138:Nikah 18055:Najis 18041:Ghusl 18000:Sukuk 17929:Women 17897:Music 17872:Flags 17777:Sufri 17770:Wahbi 17755:Ibadi 17655:Sunni 17615:Quran 17472:Zakat 17458:Salah 17421:Qadar 17379:Allah 17342:Islam 17233:Taqwa 16622:ī ad- 16620:Fāris 16274:Sufri 16097:Babak 15921:Alavi 15887:Hamza 15845:Imami 15736:Usuli 15709:Imami 15700:Islam 15684:Imami 15466:Sahwa 14529:Murjī 14523:ī an- 14474:ī al- 14465:Balkh 14189:Sunni 14186:Early 13858:Peace 13853:Logic 13825:Kalam 13786:Books 13722:Yemen 13682:Syria 13677:Sudan 13642:Qatar 13607:Libya 13592:Kenya 13557:India 13547:Egypt 13542:China 13512:Benin 13303:S2CID 12629:S2CID 12560:(PDF) 12549:(PDF) 12358:4 May 12314:4 May 12224:(PDF) 12201:(PDF) 12156:(4). 12104:Basel 11880:S2CID 11824:4 May 11307:JSTOR 11285:(3). 11180:S2CID 11017:S2CID 10806:(PDF) 10799:(PDF) 10133:(CIA) 10099:(PDF) 10088:(PDF) 10058:(PDF) 10040:(PDF) 9996:(PDF) 9983:(PDF) 9821:(PDF) 9810:(PDF) 8877:4 May 8827:Shiʿi 8557:Qom.' 8288:4 May 8196:33:33 8081:4 May 7747:JSTOR 7731:eISSN 7602:Shiʻa 7448:Notes 7226:Najaf 7013:Yemen 6914:Gilan 6804:) of 6710:Fiver 6629:Jihad 6603:Zakāt 6597:Salat 6499:Nizār 6469:Druze 6432:Mahdi 6406:hujja 6339:China 6311:Yemen 6299:Syria 6291:India 6239:light 6233:(the 6205:zahīr 6198:bāṭin 6176:) to 6082:Usuli 6011:Quran 5978:Khums 5958:Jihād 5950:Zakāt 5943:Mecca 5922:Salat 5889:Muʿad 5681:Quran 5675:Books 5660:Imams 5571:Imami 5465:Ibadi 5427:~3.5 5415:Qatar 5397:~0.2 5298:~0.5 5233:65–70 5157:~2.5 5058:31.2 5011:Syria 4992:Tajik 4951:45–55 4916:~3–4 4866:Yemen 4851:9–14 4836:India 4817:55–65 4752:90–95 4682:Khoja 4670:Kenya 4523:Ibadi 4518:Shia 4507:Sunnī 4409:Usuli 4405:ulama 4356:Quran 4329:ulama 4208:Cairo 4204:Egypt 4155:Mecca 4131:Egypt 3941:Zaydi 3904:Masih 3896:Jesus 3880:Mahdi 3829:Mahdi 3774:Yemen 3700:Imams 3635:Egypt 3611:Manāt 3495:Yazid 3466:Yazid 3439:Ḥasan 3381:sujud 3356:Aisha 3275:mawla 3270:mawla 3191:hijra 3171:fatwa 3010:Najaf 2998:Mecca 2920:Rajab 2881:Safar 2859:Ḥasan 2798:Quran 2793:Isha' 2790:with 2778:with 2775:Dhuhr 2695:David 2687:Moses 2675:, in 2526:Mahdi 2502:Mahdi 2406:rusul 2321:ismah 2309:Imams 2297:ismah 2258:Ismah 2253:Ismah 2245:Ismah 2230:إمامة 2071:Egypt 2067:Cairo 2059:Qibla 2019:خليفة 1987:Najaf 1975:Ḍarīẖ 1927:Ummah 1808:Quran 1652:Shīʿa 1617:شيعيّ 1609:Shīʿī 1553:Yemen 1521:Alawi 1517:Alevi 1513:Zaydi 1478:Hasan 1416:) at 1402:صحابہ 1355:خليفة 1332:Islam 1213:Jihad 1162:Quran 1123:Women 1066:Music 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13062:ISBN 13043:ISBN 13021:ISBN 12995:ISBN 12969:OCLC 12959:ISBN 12940:ISBN 12921:ISBN 12899:ISBN 12873:ISBN 12851:ISBN 12829:ISBN 12803:ISBN 12784:ISBN 12760:ISBN 12743:2019 12719:ISBN 12684:Sada 12621:ISSN 12568:2014 12532:2014 12506:2007 12479:2015 12399:ISBN 12378:ISBN 12360:2011 12316:2011 12290:2010 12253:ISBN 12232:2020 12176:ISSN 12122:ISSN 12108:MDPI 12098:(8: 12062:ISSN 12052:ISBN 12032:and 11954:2015 11928:2022 11870:ISBN 11826:2011 11762:ISBN 11671:ISBN 11644:ISBN 11545:2015 11515:2015 11479:ISBN 11451:ISBN 11432:2020 11397:ISBN 11372:ISBN 11353:2007 11323:OCLC 11315:LCCN 11299:ISSN 11254:ISSN 11244:ISBN 11224:and 11172:ISSN 11131:ISBN 11112:2007 11086:2007 11047:2007 11009:ISSN 10962:2022 10902:ISBN 10869:ISBN 10820:ISBN 10779:ISBN 10750:ISBN 10705:ISBN 10684:2015 10666:ISBN 10527:ISBN 10453:2015 10418:ISBN 10397:2012 10379:ISBN 10352:ISBN 10308:2012 10290:ISBN 10243:2010 10216:2009 10183:ISBN 10149:2010 10107:2010 10066:2010 10017:ISBN 9946:2010 9914:ISBN 9870:2014 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