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The school's style focuses on a
Western-influenced objective realism, but achieved with traditional Japanese painting techniques. It concentrates less on the exact depiction of its subject, but rather on expressing the inner spirit and usually has an element of playfulness and humor compared to the
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Maruyama school. Popular motifs include tranquil landscapes, kachō (bird and flower), animals, and traditional subjects from
Chinese poetic and Confucian lore, but there is generally little or no interest in legends, history, or classical literature.
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ink paintings, and accomplished a great degree of realism in his creations, emphasizing direct observation of depicted subjects which was a direct contravention of the officially sponsored schools of the time,
183:. The artists of the Shijō school sought to reconcile the differences between these two styles, creating works that synthesized the best elements of both.
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is also closely associated with the Shijō school, though he worked in many other styles and mediums, most notably lacquer objects and lacquer painting.
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schools had become bywords for rigid formalism by this time. Meanwhile, a number of artists, rebelling against Ōkyo's realism, formed the
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where many major artists were based. Its primary patrons were rich merchants in and around Kyoto/Osaka and also appealed to the
281:—. Splendors of Imperial Japan: Arts of the Meiji Period from the Khalili Collection. London: The Khalili Family Trust, 2002.
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who were of the established aristocrat and artisan families of the
Imperial capital during the late 18th/19th centuries.
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Chibbett, David. The
History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration. New York: Kodansha International Ltd, 1977.
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Munsterberg, Hugo (1957). "The Arts of Japan: An
Illustrated History." Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company.
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Stylistically, the Shijō style can best be described as a synthesis of two rival styles of the time.
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Japanese
Paintings and Prints of the Shijo School. New York: The Brooklyn Museum, 1981.
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in the late 18th century. This school was one of several that made up the larger
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Zeshin and
Related Artists. London: Milne Henderson, 1976.
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One of the most well-known Shijō artists in the West is
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