289:
29:
444:
361:, the fighting style is mostly characterized by the use of a cudgel, or knobbed stick, which is grabbed by the third of the handle end, the lower part protecting the elbow and allowing the user to maintain an offensive as well as defensive guard. This grip also allows launching fast punching-like strikes.
372:
techniques. This theory has been criticized, including for its lack of primary source material. Although fencing instruction and manuals existed at the time and were available in
Ireland and abroad, with one of them illustrating bataireacht among wrestling, boxing and fencing the two systems are in
376:
By the 18th century, stick fighting became increasingly associated with Irish gangs called "factions". Irish faction fights involved large groups engaging in melees at county fairs, weddings, funerals and other gatherings. Historians, such as
Carolyn Conley, believe that this possibly reflected a
316:
to maintain structural integrity, and the stick also has an iron ferrule fitted onto its narrow end. Shillelaghs may also have a heavy knob for a handle which can be used for striking. Shillelaghs may also have a strap attached, similar to commercially made walking sticks, to place around the
342:, to shorter spears and wattles, to the shillelagh, alpeen, blackthorn (walking-stick) and short cudgel. By the 19th century Irish shillelagh-fighting had evolved into a practice which involved the use of three basic types of weapons, sticks which were long, medium or short in length.
337:
Methods of shillelagh fighting have evolved over a period of thousands of years, from the spear, staff, axe and sword fighting of the Irish. There is some evidence which suggests that the use of Irish stick weapons may have evolved in a progression from a reliance on long spears and
296:
They are commonly the length of a walking stick (distance from the floor to one's wrist with elbow slightly bent), or rather longer, about 4 or 5 feet (1.2 or 1.5 m), as opposed to the walking stick measuring about 3 feet (0.91 m). In the broad sense, the
Shillealagh
423:", in which references are made to fashioning a shillelagh ("I cut a stout blackthorn"), and using it ("shillalah") to hold a tied bag over one's shoulder, and using it as a striking weapon ("me shillelagh I let fly").
405:" occurs the phrase "Shillelagh law did all engage", signifying that a brawl has broken out; "shillelagh law" itself has been explained as meaning the accepted rule governing the usage of the weapon.
504:
popularised the shillelagh as a rallying call, by using terms like "Shillelagh Power" to describe late-game heroics by the Padres. The success of the phrase led the San Diego Padres store to carry
309:
Shillelaghs may be hollowed at the heavy "hitting" end and filled with molten lead to increase the weight beyond the typical two pounds; this sort of shillelagh is known as a 'loaded stick'.
1334:
385:'s "Irish Peasants: Violence & Political Unrest, 1780". By the early 19th century, these gangs had organised into larger regional federations, which coalesced from the old
364:
Some authors have argued that prior to the 19th century, the term "bataireacht" had been used to refer to a form of stick-fencing used to train Irish soldiers in
1070:""Against Shameless and Systematic Calumny": Strategies of Domination and Resistance and Their Impact on the Bodies of the Poor in Nineteenth-Century Ireland"
325:
The shillelagh was originally used for settling disputes in a gentlemanly manner — like a duel with pistols or swords. Modern practitioners of this form of
585:
301:
or sticks could include short mallets only 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) in length to long poles measuring 6 to 9 feet (1.8 to 2.7 m) in length.
1383:
249:
Both of the previous methods would be finished with oils or sealants, etc. A further coat of special soot finish may be applied, or a mixture of
235:
Most commonly, the chosen wood would be placed up a chimney to cure for a duration of several months to several years; the accumulated layer of
1343:, p. 208, Officers of the Irish Guards are given shillelaghs upon graduation - just like Irish Regiments of the British Army in the past.
1588:
1365:
1885:
451:
The shillelagh came to be regarded as a stereotypical symbol of
Irishness in popular culture, particularly in an Irish-American context.
377:
culture of recreational violence. It is also argued that faction fighting had class and political overtones, as depicted in the works of
353:
term sometimes given as referring to "cudgelling" or "beating with a club", refers to a category of stick-fighting in
Ireland, with the
246:. The stick may require protection from its dung bath by being wrapped in well-greased oiled brown paper (steeped in hog's lard or oil).
1904:
412:" was written by Pat White and recorded by him in 1927. Its subject is a young Irish-American who inherits his father's shillelagh.
373:
practice substantially different, namely in the active use of the buta, a part of the stick with no equivalent in
European swords.
1497:
455:
1975:
1811:
1790:
1766:
1747:
1723:
1702:
1458:
612:
909:
227:
Wood from the root was prized since this would be used for the knob, and was less prone to crack or break during use.
1863:
1837:
1645:
1205:
471:
253:
and grease rubbed on with woolen cloth to a polishing finish. Some examples may just be given a coat of black paint.
81:
393:, the Caravat and Shanavest "war" erupted sporadically throughout the 19th century and caused several disturbances.
1961:
1879:. Bar na chur acclodh le Seumas Guerin, an bhiadhain dloir an tiaghurna. p. 145 – via books.google.com.
264:, would pull moisture from the shank with little warping. One isolated case of this brining method being used, by
220:) or oak. With the scarcity of oak in Ireland the term came increasingly to denote a blackthorn stick, and indeed
409:
1197:
545:, 'shillelagh' is a low-level spell used by casters to make simple clubs into powerful bludgeoning weapons.
2034:
475:
190:
have written that the name may have derived from the wood being sourced from forest land in the village or
463:
20:
1923:
2019:
1612:
1596:
598:
426:
1948:
525:
922:
2029:
2024:
2014:
1138:
635:
The stick may be smeared with butter before being hung in the chimney, as a preparatory step.
382:
1874:
1713:
1681:
1656:
1629:
1616:
1472:
666:
288:
1851:
1825:
1600:
1499:
The stick is king: The
Shillelagh Bata or the rediscovery of a living Irish martial tradition
1486:
811:, "shillelagh (n.)": "1772, "cudgel," earlier, "oak wood used to make cudgels" (1670s), from
541:
501:
1444:
1392:, p. 208, More recently, the MGM-51 antitank missile was baptized as the "Shillelagh".
791:, "shillelagh": "Etymology: the name of a barony and village in Co. Wicklow 1785 F. Grose
1967:
467:
420:
187:
1402:
782:
8:
1776:
1637:
536:
429:
wrote a song entitled "The Twig of
Shelaly", later reprinted as "The Twig of Shillelah".
401:
Shillelaghs are sometimes referred to in a similar context in folk songs. In the ballad "
261:
195:
1993:
1908:
268:'s uncle named Hugh, has been documented. Hugh Brontë is said to have rubbed train oil (
265:
1661:
1506:
1102:
513:
402:
1935:
1971:
1859:
1833:
1807:
1786:
1762:
1743:
1719:
1698:
1641:
1510:
1454:
1201:
1107:
1089:
608:
532:
490:
339:
243:
1514:
669:), though the alpeen may be longer or heavier, and be knobbed in the minds of some (
419:", where the recruiters are struck with a shillelagh, and in the 19th-century song "
1468:
1097:
1081:
694:
509:
497:
378:
191:
43:
1533:
802:
799:, an oaken sapling, or cudgel, (Irish) from wood of that name famous for its oaks"
1801:
1780:
1737:
1692:
1677:
1576:
1549:
1191:
1005:
602:
517:
273:
183:
148:
145:
118:
586:
Veiled
Prophet Parade and Ball § Notable VP Parade incidents and activities
1914:
1450:
1085:
682:
573:
570:, a similar club associated with Southern Africa and World War I British troops
482:
470:. Officers and senior non-commissioned officers of the 69th Infantry Regiment (
416:
350:
326:
260:, where the shank was placed into a basin of saltwater. The saltwater, being a
114:
105:
91:
539:
were named for the club and had representative nose art. In the tabletop game
2008:
1733:
1545:
1482:
1093:
1069:
170:
110:
1111:
558:
493:
459:
330:
1488:
Will. Carleton's "Dandy Pat" Songster: Being a Choice
Collection of Songs
670:
562:
521:
432:
1560:
458:
have traditionally carried Blackthorn sticks, including officers of the
1847:
1821:
1037:
690:
579:
567:
505:
486:
365:
242:
The less frequent methods were to bury the shank in a dung pile, or in
213:
117:
stick with a large knob at the top. It is associated with Ireland and
28:
531:
A number of items take their name from the shillelagh, including the
386:
269:
443:
435:
recorded a song entitled "Two Shillelagh O'Sullivan" in the 1950s.
250:
1420:
1403:"P-51B/D Profile – "The Shillelagh" - 357th Fighter Group Profile"
665:
There is only a vague distinction between shillelagh and alpeen (
390:
313:
257:
1856:
Songs of England, Ireland, and Scotland: A Bonnie Bunch of Roses
1830:
Songs of England, Ireland, and Scotland: A Bonnie Bunch of Roses
1621:
The Pride of Albion. A Collection of New and Pleasing Songs, Etc
1759:
Symbolism in Terrorism: Motivation, Communication, and Behavior
815:, town and barony in Co. Wicklow, Ireland, famous for its oaks"
277:
179:
meaning "thong", "strap", "leash", and "string", among others.
1886:"Bataireacht: The ancient Irish martial art making a comeback"
1274:
1238:
554:
369:
1039:
Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla / An Irish-English Dictionary
236:
73:
64:
58:
1994:"Irish stick-fighting popularity grows but not in Ireland"
1193:
Irish Peasants: Violence & Political Unrest, 1780–1914
940:
887:
885:
760:
758:
756:
754:
329:
study the use of the shillelagh for self-defence and as a
312:
This loaded type needed to have its knob fitted with iron
46:
1946:
1634:
A Dictionary of Hiberno-English: The Irish Use of English
1262:
1049:
788:
49:
1446:
Dublin's Strangest Tales: Extraordinary but true stories
1153:
959:
957:
955:
389:, into the Caravat and Shanavest factions. Beginning in
239:
gave the shillelagh its typical black shiny appearance.
1910:
The Brontës in Ireland: Or, Facts Stranger Than Fiction
1298:
1286:
1118:
897:
882:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
751:
1960:
1739:
Plantcraft: a guide to the everyday use of wild plants
1426:
1189:
1045:. Dublin: Irish Texts Society – via celt.ucc.ie.
848:
846:
652:
or "lead-headed cudgel"), and are the size of smaller
1954:
Oxford English Dictionary (Second Edition, Volume 15)
1214:
1017:
993:
981:
969:
952:
928:
914:
912:
858:
535:
anti-tank missile. Also, a number of aircraft of the
82:
1322:
1226:
818:
770:
727:
70:
61:
55:
870:
843:
739:
357:sometimes used in such fights. Also referred to as
333:. Of the practice, researcher J. W. Hurley writes:
52:
1947:
1310:
644:These loaded versions are called by such names as
582:, a knife worn as part of Scottish Highland attire
224:is sometimes glossed as equivalent to shillelagh.
109:, "thonged willow") is a wooden walking stick and
1346:
1250:
1067:
715:
292:Oaken shillelaghs in various stages of completion
2006:
516:is the trophy given to the winner of the annual
604:The Irish Factions Fighters of the 19th Century
198:. The geographic name Shillelagh derives from
1162:The Irish Faction Fighters of the 19th Century
1883:
1846:
1820:
1589:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1280:
1244:
1159:
1055:
597:
1934:
808:
1921:
1872:
1168:
1124:
903:
489:with a shillelagh, as does the logo of the
456:Irish regiments in the British Armed Forces
199:
174:
164:
158:
152:
99:
1068:Geber, Jonny; O’Donnabhain, Barra (2020).
1966:. Dungeons & Dragons (5th ed.).
1683:Traits and stories of the Irish peasantry
1531:
1495:
1477:. Vol. 1. George Routledge and Sons.
1366:"Jeweled Shillelagh (USC vs. Notre Dame)"
1190:Clark, Samuel; James S. Donnelly (1983).
1136:
1101:
934:
837:
522:University of Southern California Trojans
478:also carry shillelaghs whilst on parade.
204:, or "Descendants of Éalach" in English.
1756:
1481:
1467:
1389:
1340:
1268:
891:
442:
396:
287:
212:Shillelaghs are traditionally made from
27:
1715:Warehouse Eyes: the Albums of Bob Dylan
1574:
1474:Ireland: its scenery, character, &c
1220:
1035:
526:University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish
230:
16:Wooden walking stick and club or cudgel
2007:
1903:
1799:
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1611:
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1328:
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1174:
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999:
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946:
918:
864:
776:
733:
576:, a similar club common in East Africa
280:blood to give it a darker appearance.
1732:
1711:
1654:
1627:
1605:Mirth and metre: consisting of poems
1544:
1442:
1352:
1256:
1137:Chouinard, Maxime (3 February 2015).
1061:
1011:
876:
852:
745:
721:
113:, typically made from a stout knotty
104:
1694:Shillelagh: The Irish fighting stick
1676:
1657:"Green Camouflage and Purple Hearts"
764:
508:shillelaghs. Similarly, in American
1577:"James Joyce: Here Comes Everyword"
1554:. Kilkenny Press. pp. 397–399.
1538:HEMA MISFITS (I don't do longsword)
13:
1806:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1014:, pp. 5–6: "ailpeen, alpeen".
591:
14:
2046:
1986:
1532:Chouinard, Maxime (9 June 2014).
1036:Dinneen, Patrick S., ed. (1904).
496:team in Australia. In San Diego,
124:Other spelling variants include
42:
1628:Dolan, Terence Patrick (2006).
1395:
1358:
1183:
1139:"What is Irish stick fighting?"
1130:
1029:
659:
638:
629:
438:
415:The anti-recruiting folk song "
207:
163:means "willow" or "cudgel" and
1942:. Online Etymology Dictionary.
1160:O'Donnell, Patrick D. (1975).
789:Oxford English Dictionary 1989
1:
1876:An Focloir Bearla Gaoidheilge
1803:Annotations to Finnegans wake
1655:Feuer, Alan (18 March 2005).
1198:University of Wisconsin Press
793:Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue
704:
283:
1924:"How black is a blackthorn?"
1761:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1551:A Treasury of Irish Folklore
622:
476:New York Army National Guard
410:It's the Same Old Shillelagh
139:
7:
1757:Matusitz, Jonathan (2014).
1607:Vernor, Hood, & Sharpe.
1561:"Two Shillelagh O'Sullivan"
1427:Dungeons & Dragons 2014
1179:. Thomas Hurst. p. 62.
548:
304:
182:As an alternate etymology,
151:of the Irish (Gaelic) form
144:The name shillelagh is the
21:Shillelagh (disambiguation)
10:
2051:
1852:"The Rocky Road to Dublin"
1496:Chouinard, Maxime (2007),
1435:
1086:10.1007/s41636-019-00219-2
697:", "club", "heavy stick".
427:Charles Dibdin the younger
320:
196:Shillelagh, County Wicklow
18:
1884:O'Connell, Ronan (2022).
1718:. Lulu.com. p. 248.
1281:Milner & Kaplan 1983b
1245:Milner & Kaplan 1983a
557:, fighting sticks in the
1850:; Kaplan, Paul (1983b).
1824:; Kaplan, Paul (1983a).
1691:Hurley, John W. (2007).
709:
689:) is glossed as. "thick
599:O'Donnell, Patrick Denis
1922:Y. (24 February 2000).
1873:O'Begly, Conor (1732).
1800:McHugh, Roland (1991).
1617:"The Twig of Shillelah"
1443:Barry, Michael (2013).
1175:Walker, Donald (1840).
454:Members of a number of
106:[ˌsˠal̠ʲˈeːlʲə]
1491:. Dick and Fitzgerald.
1074:Historical Archaeology
686:
650:smachtín ceann luaidhe
542:Dungeons & Dragons
448:
447:The Jeweled Shillelagh
383:James S. Donnelly, Jr.
344:
293:
200:
175:
165:
159:
153:
100:
95:
33:
1712:James, Peter (2006).
1601:"The Twig of Shelaly"
1559:Crosby, Bing (1952).
446:
397:Folklore and balladry
335:
291:
272:) on the stick using
31:
1968:Wizards of the Coast
1858:. Oak Publications.
1832:. Oak Publications.
1638:Gill & Macmillan
1575:Crowley, T. (1996).
949:, pp. 144, 157.
468:Royal Dragoon Guards
464:Royal Irish Regiment
421:Rocky Road to Dublin
231:Curing and polishing
188:Patrick Weston Joyce
32:Assorted shillelaghs
19:For other uses, see
2035:Fashion accessories
1177:Defensive Exercises
767:, p. 426 note.
667:Diarmaid Ó Muirithe
537:357th Fighter Group
262:hypertonic solution
1782:The Fighting Irish
1742:. Universe Books.
1662:The New York Times
1581:Manchester Memoirs
514:Jeweled Shillelagh
449:
408:The novelty song "
294:
34:
2020:Primitive weapons
2000:. 3 October 2011.
1977:978-0-7869-6560-1
1963:Player's Handbook
1813:978-0-8018-4190-3
1792:978-0-85632-007-1
1785:. Leslie Frewin.
1768:978-1-4422-3579-3
1749:978-0-8018-4190-3
1725:978-1-4116-8084-5
1704:978-1-4303-2570-3
1697:. Caravat Press.
1469:Carleton, William
1460:978-1-909396-44-9
1407:toflyandfight.com
1307:, pp. 12–87.
1295:, pp. 85–87.
1283:, pp. 58–59.
1271:, pp. 59–63.
1247:, pp. 87–88.
1141:. Hemamisfits.com
614:978-0-900068-36-2
533:MGM-51 Shillelagh
491:Brisbane Brothers
472:The Fighting 69th
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510:college football
379:William Carleton
317:holder's wrist.
266:Charlotte Brontë
256:Rarer still was
222:blackthorn stick
203:
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87:-lee, -lə
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1928:The Irish Times
1905:Wright, William
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1520:on 2 March 2012
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607:. Anvil Books.
594:
592:Further reading
551:
485:logo depicts a
481:In sports, the
441:
403:Finnegan's Wake
399:
323:
307:
286:
274:chamois leather
233:
210:
184:Anna Maria Hall
146:Hiberno-English
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84:
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2030:Irish folklore
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2025:Ritual weapons
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2015:Clubs (weapon)
2003:
2002:
1988:
1987:External links
1985:
1983:
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1976:
1958:
1944:
1940:etymonline.com
1932:
1919:
1915:Pavilion Books
1901:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1844:
1838:
1818:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1773:
1767:
1754:
1748:
1734:Mabey, Richard
1730:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1688:
1674:
1652:
1646:
1625:
1613:Dibdin, C. Jr.
1609:
1597:Dibdin, C. Jr.
1593:
1572:
1556:
1546:Colum, Padraic
1542:
1529:
1493:
1483:Carleton, Will
1479:
1465:
1459:
1451:Pavilion Books
1439:
1437:
1434:
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1297:
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1237:
1225:
1213:
1206:
1182:
1167:
1164:. Anvil Press.
1152:
1129:
1117:
1080:(1): 160–183.
1060:
1056:O'Connell 2022
1048:
1028:
1026:, p. 347.
1016:
1004:
1002:, p. 131.
992:
990:, p. 153.
980:
978:, p. 145.
968:
966:, p. 148.
951:
939:
935:Chouinard 2014
927:
908:
896:
894:, p. 142.
881:
869:
867:, p. 361.
857:
855:, p. 397.
842:
838:Chouinard 2007
817:
801:
781:
779:, p. 119.
769:
750:
748:, p. 209.
738:
736:, p. 121.
726:
713:
711:
708:
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703:
700:
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658:
637:
627:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
613:
593:
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589:
588:
583:
577:
574:Rungu (weapon)
571:
565:
550:
547:
483:Boston Celtics
440:
437:
417:Arthur McBride
398:
395:
351:Irish language
327:stick-fighting
322:
319:
306:
303:
285:
282:
276:, and applied
232:
229:
218:Prunus spinosa
209:
206:
141:
138:
119:Irish folklore
111:club or cudgel
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2047:
2036:
2033:
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2028:
2026:
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1865:1-783234-92-X
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1839:1-783234-92-X
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1534:"Shillelaghs"
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1390:Matusitz 2014
1386:
1371:
1370:USC Athletics
1367:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1341:Matusitz 2014
1337:
1331:, p. 15.
1330:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1269:Carleton 1866
1265:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1235:, p. 11.
1234:
1229:
1223:, p. 75.
1222:
1217:
1209:
1207:0-299-09374-3
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1171:
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948:
943:
936:
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924:
920:
915:
913:
905:
900:
893:
892:Carleton 1877
888:
886:
879:, p. 43.
878:
873:
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861:
854:
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839:
834:
832:
830:
828:
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216:(sloe) wood (
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107:
102:
101:saill éalaigh
97:
93:
89:
88:
78:
39:
30:
26:
22:
1997:
1962:
1953:
1949:"Shillelagh"
1939:
1936:"Shillelagh"
1927:
1909:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1875:
1855:
1829:
1802:
1781:
1777:McCann, Sean
1758:
1738:
1714:
1693:
1682:
1666:. Retrieved
1660:
1633:
1630:"shillelagh"
1623:. T. Hughes.
1620:
1604:
1584:
1580:
1564:. Retrieved
1550:
1537:
1522:, retrieved
1515:the original
1498:
1487:
1473:
1445:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1221:Crowley 1996
1216:
1192:
1185:
1176:
1170:
1161:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1132:
1125:O'Begly 1732
1120:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1051:
1038:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
971:
942:
930:
899:
872:
860:
812:
804:
796:
792:
784:
772:
741:
729:
724:, p. 9.
717:
678:
674:
661:
653:
649:
645:
640:
631:
603:
540:
530:
520:between the
518:rivalry game
500:broadcaster
494:Rugby league
480:
460:Irish Guards
453:
450:
439:Modern usage
431:
425:
414:
407:
400:
375:
363:
358:
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346:
345:
336:
324:
311:
308:
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248:
241:
234:
226:
221:
217:
211:
208:Construction
201:Síol Éalaigh
181:
143:
133:
129:
125:
123:
37:
35:
25:
1895:10 November
1890:www.bbc.com
1848:Milner, Dan
1822:Milner, Dan
1678:Hall, S. C.
1329:Hurley 2007
1317:Crosby 1952
1305:Dibdin 1810
1293:Dibdin 1807
1233:Hurley 2007
1024:Hurley 2007
1000:Hurley 2007
988:McCann 1972
976:Hurley 2007
964:Hurley 2007
947:Hurley 2007
921:, pp.
919:Wright 1893
865:McHugh 1991
777:Hurley 2007
734:Hurley 2007
671:P. W. Joyce
563:Philippines
559:martial art
433:Bing Crosby
347:Bataireacht
331:martial art
244:slaked lime
2009:Categories
1412:25 January
1375:11 October
1353:Feuer 2005
1257:James 2006
1012:Dolan 2006
877:Mabey 1978
853:Colum 1988
813:Shillelagh
746:Dolan 2006
722:Barry 2013
705:References
691:alpenstock
580:Sgian-dubh
568:Knobkerrie
506:inflatable
502:Mark Grant
487:leprechaun
366:broadsword
355:shillelagh
284:Dimensions
251:black lead
214:blackthorn
154:sail éille
149:corruption
115:blackthorn
96:sail éille
38:shillelagh
1668:6 October
1511:194134006
1094:2328-1103
797:Shillaley
765:Hall 1841
623:Footnotes
474:) of the
387:Whiteboys
270:whale oil
140:Etymology
130:shillalah
126:shillelah
1998:BBC News
1970:. 2014.
1907:(1893).
1779:(1972).
1736:(1978).
1680:(1841).
1615:(1810).
1599:(1807).
1548:(1988).
1485:(1866).
1471:(1877).
1112:32116407
695:ashplant
646:smachtín
601:(1975).
549:See also
524:and the
466:and the
314:ferrules
305:Fittings
171:genitive
157:, where
134:shillaly
1566:19 July
1436:Sources
1103:7012797
923:283–285
679:ailpeen
561:of the
391:Munster
359:boiscín
340:wattles
321:History
258:brining
1974:
1862:
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1765:
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654:ailpín
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278:magpie
192:barony
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1507:S2CID
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1043:(PDF)
710:Notes
683:Irish
555:Arnis
370:sabre
349:, an
166:éille
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83:shil-
1972:ISBN
1897:2023
1860:ISBN
1834:ISBN
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1763:ISBN
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1720:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1670:2008
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1568:2020
1526:2011
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1147:2015
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299:bata
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