909:(NHS) to all people in their 70s. As of 2021 Zostavax is the usual vaccine, but Shingrix vaccine is recommended if Zostavax is unsuitable, for example for those with immune system issues. Vaccination is not available to people over 80 as "it seems to be less effective in this age group". By August 2017, just under half of eligible 70ā78 year olds had been vaccinated. About 3% of those eligible by age have conditions that suppress their immune system, and should not receive Zostavax. There had been 1,104 adverse reaction reports by April 2018. In the US, it is recommended that healthy adults 50 years and older receive two doses of Shingrix, two to six months apart.
6696:
622:
1355:
finding, but studies have found that rash is only present in 45% of cases. In addition, systemic inflammation is not as reliable an indicator as previously thought: the mean level of C-reactive protein and mean white blood cell count are within the normal range in participants with VZV meningitis. MRI and CT scans are usually normal in cases of VZV reactivation in the CNS. CSF pleocytosis, previously thought to be a strong indicator of VZV encephalitis, was absent in half of a group of people diagnosed with VZV encephalitis by PCR.
1032:
637:
414:, as the fever and general malaise continue. The painful vesicles eventually become cloudy or darkened as they fill with blood, and crust over within seven to ten days; usually the crusts fall off and the skin heals, but sometimes, after severe blistering, scarring and discolored skin remain. The blister fluid contains varicella zoster virus, which can be transmitted through contact or inhalation of fluid droplets until the lesions crust over, which may take up to four weeks.
283:) for years or decades, after which it may reactivate and travel along nerve bodies to nerve endings in the skin, producing blisters. During an outbreak of shingles, exposure to the varicella virus found in shingles blisters can cause chickenpox in someone who has not yet had chickenpox, although that person will not suffer from shingles, at least on the first infection. How the virus remains dormant in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood.
1273:
immunosuppressed individuals showed that the disease was not as benign as once thought, and the search for various therapeutic and preventive measures began. By the mid-1960s, several studies identified the gradual reduction in cellular immunity in old age, observing that in a cohort of 1,000 people who lived to the age of 85, approximately 500 (i.e., 50%) would have at least one attack of shingles, and 10 (i.e., 1%) would have at least two attacks.
756:
56:
1394:. Brain biopsy is not undertaken lightly: it is reserved only for serious cases that cannot be diagnosed by less invasive methods. For this reason, knowledge of these herpes virus conditions was limited to severe cases. DNA techniques have made it possible to diagnose "mild" cases, caused by VZV or HSV, in which the symptoms include fever, headache, and altered mental status. Mortality rates in treated people are decreasing.
455:
462:
448:
356:
441:
10982:
10994:
5507:
4239:
3964:
2052:
1983:
1637:
1539:
1492:
364:
554:. Sometimes this leads to unnecessary dental treatment. Post-herpetic neuralgia uncommonly is associated with shingles in the mouth. Unusual complications may occur with intra-oral shingles that are not seen elsewhere. Due to the close relationship of blood vessels to nerves, the virus can spread to involve the blood vessels and compromise the blood supply, sometimes causing
1374:(PCR) can be used to look for DNA of herpesviruses in spinal fluid or blood, the results may be negative, even in cases where other definitive symptoms exist. Notwithstanding these limitations, the use of PCR has resulted in an advance in the state of the art in our understanding of herpesviruses, including VZV, during the 1990s and 2000s. For example, in the past,
898:. The vaccine reduced rates of persistent, severe pain after shingles by 66% in people who contracted shingles despite vaccination. Vaccine efficacy was maintained through four years of follow-up. It has been recommended that people with primary or acquired immunodeficiency should not receive the live vaccine.
1272:
Until the 1940s the disease was considered benign, and serious complications were thought to be very rare. However, by 1942, it was recognized that shingles was a more serious disease in adults than in children and that it increased in frequency with advancing age. Further studies during the 1950s on
545:
of the upper jaw (usually the palate, sometimes the gums of the upper teeth) or the lower jaw (tongue or gums of the lower teeth) respectively. Oral involvement may occur alone or in combination with a rash on the skin over the cutaneous distribution of the same trigeminal branch. As with shingles of
1358:
The frequency of CNS infections presented at the emergency room of a community hospital is not negligible, so a means of diagnosing cases is needed. PCR is not a foolproof method of diagnosis, but because so many other indicators have turned out not to be reliable in diagnosing VZV infections in the
346:
ranges from 1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 person-years among healthy individuals to 3.9 to 11.8 per 1,000 person-years among those older than 65 years of age. About half of those living to age 85 will have at least one attack, and fewer than 5% will have more than one attack. Although symptoms can be severe,
1256:
Recognition that chickenpox and shingles were caused by the same virus came at the beginning of the 20th century. Physicians began to report that cases of shingles were often followed by chickenpox in younger people who lived with the person with shingles. The idea of an association between the two
1216:
In one study, it was estimated that 26% of those who contract shingles eventually present complications. Postherpetic neuralgia arises in approximately 20% of people with shingles. A study of 1994 California data found hospitalization rates of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years, rising to 9.3 per 100,000
1212:
showed a 28% increase in shingles incidence from 1996 to 2001. It is likely that incidence rate will change in the future, due to the aging of the population, changes in therapy for malignant and autoimmune diseases, and changes in chickenpox vaccination rates; a wide adoption of zoster vaccination
1197:
Multiple studies and surveillance data, at least when viewed superficially, demonstrate no consistent trends in incidence in the U.S. since the chickenpox vaccination program began in 1995. However, upon closer inspection, the two studies that showed no increase in shingles incidence were conducted
1280:
suggested that the "peculiar age distribution of zoster may in part reflect the frequency with which the different age groups encounter cases of varicella and because of the ensuing boost to their antibody protection have their attacks of zoster postponed". Lending support to this hypothesis that
1193:
Adults with latent VZV infection who are exposed intermittently to children with chickenpox receive an immune boost. This periodic boost to the immune system helps to prevent shingles in older adults. When routine chickenpox vaccination was introduced in the United States, there was concern that,
1166:
Shingles has no relationship to season and does not occur in epidemics. There is, however, a strong relationship with increasing age. The incidence rate of shingles ranges from 1.2 to 3.4 per 1,000 personāyears among younger healthy individuals, increasing to 3.9ā11.8 per 1,000 personāyears among
1354:
Classic textbook descriptions state that VZV reactivation in the CNS is restricted to immunocompromised individuals and the elderly; however, studies have found that most participants are immunocompetent, and younger than 60 years old. Historically, vesicular rash was considered a characteristic
1351:(CNS) caused by VZV reactivation were regarded as rare. The presence of rash, as well as specific neurological symptoms, were required to diagnose a CNS infection caused by VZV. Since 2000, PCR testing has become more widely used, and the number of diagnosed cases of CNS infection has increased.
917:
The aims of treatment are to limit the severity and duration of pain, shorten the duration of a shingles episode, and reduce complications. Symptomatic treatment is often needed for the complication of postherpetic neuralgia. However, a study on untreated shingles shows that, once the rash has
394:
In most cases, after one to two daysābut sometimes as long as three weeksāthe initial phase is followed by the appearance of the characteristic skin rash. The pain and rash most commonly occur on the torso but can appear on the face, eyes, or other parts of the body. At first, the rash appears
1362:
The introduction of DNA analysis techniques has shown some complications of varicella-zoster to be more common than previously thought. For example, sporadic meningoencephalitis (ME) caused by varicella-zoster was regarded as rare disease, mostly related to childhood chickenpox. However,
1366:
Diagnosis of complications of varicella-zoster, particularly in cases where the disease reactivates after years or decades of latency, is difficult. A rash (shingles) can be present or absent. Symptoms vary, and there is a significant overlap in symptoms with herpes-simplex symptoms.
1120:
after a shingles episode. However, the mechanism is unclear and mortality from cancer did not appear to increase as a direct result of the presence of the virus. Instead, the increased risk may result from the immune suppression that allows the reactivation of the virus.
739:
As with chickenpox and other forms of alpha-herpesvirus infection, direct contact with an active rash can spread the virus to a person who lacks immunity to it. This newly infected individual may then develop chickenpox, but will not immediately develop shingles.
687:
Shingles occurs only in people who have been previously infected with VZV; although it can occur at any age, approximately half of the cases in the United States occur in those aged 50 years or older. Shingles can recur. In contrast to the frequent recurrence of
5792:
Coplan P, Black S, Rojas C, Shinefield H, Ray P, Lewis E, et al. (2001). "Incidence and hospitalization rates of varicella and herpes zoster before varicella vaccine introduction: a baseline assessment of the shifting epidemiology of varicella disease".
1359:
CNS, screening for VZV by PCR is recommended. Negative PCR does not rule out VZV involvement, but a positive PCR can be used for diagnosis, and appropriate treatment started (for example, antivirals can be prescribed rather than antibiotics).
715:
is compromised, it suppresses reactivation of the virus and prevents shingles outbreaks. Why this suppression sometimes fails is poorly understood, but shingles is more likely to occur in people whose immune systems are impaired due to aging,
1749:
de
Oliveira Gomes, Juliana; Gagliardi, Anna Mz; Andriolo, Brenda Ng; Torloni, Maria Regina; Andriolo, Regis B.; Puga, Maria Eduarda Dos Santos; Canteiro Cruz, Eduardo (2 October 2023). "Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults".
1113:. Although initial infections with VZV during pregnancy, causing chickenpox, may lead to infection of the fetus and complications in the newborn, chronic infection or reactivation in shingles are not associated with fetal infection.
4125:
2919:
1189:
There is no strong evidence for a genetic link or a link to family history. A 2008 study showed that people with close relatives who had shingles were twice as likely to develop it themselves, but a 2010 study found no such link.
546:
the skin, the lesions tend to only involve one side, distinguishing it from other oral blistering conditions. In the mouth, shingles appears initially as 1ā4 mm opaque blisters (vesicles), which break down quickly to leave
314:
reduce the risk of shingles by 50 to 90%, depending on the vaccine used. Vaccination also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia, and, if shingles occurs, its severity. If shingles develops, antiviral medications such as
1178:. According to a study in North Carolina, "black subjects were significantly less likely to develop zoster than were white subjects." It is unclear whether the risk is different by sex. Other potential risk factors include
1167:
those older than 65 years, and incidence rates worldwide are similar. This relationship with age has been demonstrated in many countries, and is attributed to the fact that cellular immunity declines as people grow older.
695:
The disease results from virus particles in a single sensory ganglion switching from their latent phase to their active phase. Due to difficulties in studying VZV reactivation directly in humans (leading to reliance on
375:
The earliest symptoms of shingles, which include headache, fever, and malaise, are nonspecific, and may result in an incorrect diagnosis. These symptoms are commonly followed by sensations of burning pain, itching,
1138:
involvement (as seen in herpes ophthalmicus) should be treated early and aggressively as it may lead to blindness. Involvement of the tip of the nose in the zoster rash is a strong predictor of herpes ophthalmicus.
901:
Two doses of
Shingrix are recommended, which provide about 90% protection at 3.5 years. As of 2016, it had been studied only in people with an intact immune system. It appears to also be effective in the very old.
6767:
6752:
6737:
1202:
concluded that since the introduction of the chickenpox vaccine, hospitalization costs for complications of shingles increased by more than $ 700 million annually for those over age 60. Another study by Yih
1207:
reported that as varicella vaccine coverage in children increased, the incidence of varicella decreased, and the occurrence of shingles among adults increased by 90%. The results of a further study by Yawn
399:; however, unlike hives, shingles causes skin changes limited to a dermatome, normally resulting in a stripe or belt-like pattern that is limited to one side of the body and does not cross the midline.
6890:
5654:"The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998ā2003"
1656:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980ā2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
700:), its latency is less well understood than that of the herpes simplex virus. Virus-specific proteins continue to be made by the infected cells during the latent period, so true latency, as opposed to
4158:
338:
It is estimated that about a third of people develop shingles at some point in their lives. While shingles is more common among older people, children may also get the disease. According to the US
4521:
Colin J, Prisant O, Cochener B, Lescale O, Rolland B, Hoang-Xuan T (2000). "Comparison of the
Efficacy and Safety of Valaciclovir and Acyclovir for the Treatment of Herpes zoster Ophthalmicus".
267:. In the case of chickenpox, also called varicella, the initial infection with the virus typically occurs during childhood or adolescence. Once the chickenpox has resolved, the virus can remain
4488:
Uscategui T, Doree C, Chamberlain IJ, Burton MJ (16 July 2008). "Corticosteroids as adjuvant to antiviral treatment in Ramsay Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster oticus with facial palsy) in adults".
922:
is very rare in people under 50 and wears off in time; in older people, the pain wore off more slowly, but even in people over 70, 85% were free from pain a year after their shingles outbreak.
5705:
Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL, Kurland MJ, Sy LS (2007). "A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction".
5000:
Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL, Kurland MJ, Sy LS (2007). "A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction".
232:
with blisters in a localized area. Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be
1257:
diseases gained strength when it was shown that lymph from a person with shingles could induce chickenpox in young volunteers. This was finally proved by the first isolation of the virus in
708:, has not been proven to occur in VZV infections. Although VZV has been detected in autopsies of nervous tissue, there are no methods to find dormant virus in the ganglia of living people.
4114:
4194:
2911:
5608:
Patel MS, Gebremariam A, Davis MM (December 2008). "Herpes zoster-related hospitalizations and expenditures before and after introduction of the varicella vaccine in the United States".
6513:"Clinical features of viral meningitis in adults: significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid findings among herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and enterovirus infections"
5105:
Colebunders R, Mann JM, Francis H, Bila K, Izaley L, Ilwaya M, et al. (1988). "Herpes zoster in
African patients: a clinical predictor of human immunodeficiency virus infection".
736:
and blistering. The short- and long-term pain caused by shingles outbreaks originates from inflammation of affected nerves due to the widespread growth of the virus in those areas.
6883:
5296:
Gatti A, Pica F, Boccia MT, De Antoni F, Sabato AF, Volpi A (2010). "No evidence of family history as a risk factor for herpes zoster in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia".
4780:
4802:
Apisarnthanarak A, Kitphati R, Tawatsupha P, Thongphubeth K, Apisarnthanarak P, Mundy LM (2007). "Outbreak of varicella-zoster virus infection among Thai healthcare workers".
479:
is the most commonly involved nerve, of which the ophthalmic division is the most commonly involved branch. When the virus is reactivated in this nerve branch it is termed
10067:
6876:
319:
can reduce the severity and duration of disease if started within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash. Evidence does not show a significant effect of antivirals or
6565:
Pollak L, Dovrat S, Book M, Mendelson E, Weinberger M (August 2011). "Varicella zoster vs. herpes simplex meningoencephalitis in the PCR era. A single center study".
236:
or local pain in the area. Other common symptoms are fever, headache, and tiredness. The rash usually heals within two to four weeks, but some people develop ongoing
1163:
and has a worldwide prevalence. Shingles is a re-activation of latent VZV infection: zoster can only occur in someone who has previously had chickenpox (varicella).
1363:
meningoencephalitis caused by varicella-zoster is increasingly recognized as a predominant cause of ME among immunocompetent adults in non-epidemic circumstances.
6714:
4595:
Enders G, Miller E, Cradock-Watson J, Bolley I, Ridehalgh M (1994). "Consequences of varicella and herpes zoster in pregnancy: prospective study of 1739 cases".
2317:
4850:
5767:
2489:
Furuta Y, Ohtani F, Mesuda Y, Fukuda S, Inuyama Y (2000). "Early diagnosis of zoster sine herpete and antiviral therapy for the treatment of facial palsy".
388:, with sensations that are often described as stinging, tingling, aching, numbing or throbbing, and can be interspersed with quick stabs of agonizing pain.
10141:
10126:
9830:
9818:
7971:
4150:
11034:
6107:
Thomas SL, Wheeler JG, Hall AJ (2002). "Contacts with varicella or with children and protection against herpes zoster in adults: a case-control study".
4091:
10323:
5080:
2000:
5141:
Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, Liu JY, O'Malley PM, Underwood R, et al. (1992). "Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection".
1217:
person-years for ages 60 and up. An earlier
Connecticut study found a higher hospitalization rate; the difference may be due to the prevalence of
541:
Shingles may occur in the mouth if the maxillary or mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is affected, in which the rash may appear on the
4185:
9370:
9184:
6489:
2994:
2849:
Grahn A, Studahl M (September 2015). "Varicella-zoster virus infections of the central nervous system ā Prognosis, diagnostics and treatment".
822:
tests are rapid, easy to perform, and as sensitive as nested PCR, and have a lower risk of contamination. They also have more sensitivity than
815:
10328:
8754:
7383:
3909:
1245:
established a way to differentiate shingles and smallpox, and in the late 19th century, shingles was differentiated from erysipelas. In 1831
597:
appearing outside either the primarily affected dermatome or dermatomes directly adjacent to it. Besides the skin, other organs, such as the
5986:
10390:
6462:
6062:
2444:
11039:
2623:
2272:
1722:
1285:
reported that adults in households with children had lower rates of shingles than households without children. Also, the study by Terada
391:
Shingles in children is often painless, but people are more likely to get shingles as they age, and the disease tends to be more severe.
5392:
Schmader K, George LK, Burchett BM, Hamilton JD, Pieper CF (1998). "Race and stress in the incidence of herpes zoster in older adults".
3078:
2758:
1229:
Shingles has a long recorded history, although historical accounts fail to distinguish the blistering caused by VZV and those caused by
1004:
aciclovir. In people who are at a high risk for repeated attacks of shingles, five daily oral doses of aciclovir are usually effective.
8812:
8557:
8228:
4220:
2033:
1964:
1618:
1520:
1463:
368:
4772:
1250:
3727:
1622:
8982:
7964:
5500:
3949:
1477:
1281:
contact with children with chickenpox boosts adult cell-mediated immunity to help postpone or suppress shingles, a study by Thomas
1194:
because older adults would no longer receive this natural periodic boost, there would be an increase in the incidence of shingles.
5526:"Incidence of herpes zoster, before and after varicella-vaccination-associated decreases in the incidence of varicella, 1992ā2002"
10955:
10153:
10104:
5838:
4490:
4443:
3582:
Kalman CM, Laskin OL (November 1986). "Herpes zoster and zosteriform herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompetent adults".
1968:
6154:"Incidence of herpes zoster in pediatricians and history of reexposure to varicella-zoster virus in patients with herpes zoster"
7690:
5934:
Weller TH (1953). "Serial propagation in vitro of agents producing inclusion bodies derived from varicella and herpes zoster".
3322:
4691:
Ragozzino MW, Melton LJ, Kurland LT, Chu CP, Perry HO (1982). "Risk of cancer after herpes zoster: a population-based study".
1066:
The rash and pain usually subside within three to five weeks, but about one in five people develop a painful condition called
294:, and having contracted chickenpox before 18 months of age. Diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms presented.
11044:
5478:
Marin M, GĆ¼ris D, Chaves SS, Schmid S, Seward JF, et al. (Advisory
Committee On Immunization Practices) (22 June 2007).
2037:
1524:
941:
can be used on the rash or blisters and may be soothing. Occasionally, severe pain may require an opioid medication, such as
9966:
8759:
6567:
6284:
4224:
2231:
872:
if the vaccine is administered before the individual gets chickenpox. If primary infection has already occurred, there are
692:
symptoms, repeated attacks of shingles are unusual. It is extremely rare for a person to have more than three recurrences.
6458:"Infection of the central nervous system caused by varicella zoster virus reactivation: a retrospective case series study"
4299:"Prevalence of postherpetic neuralgia after a single episode of herpes zoster: prospective study with long term follow up"
10638:
10481:
7957:
6354:
5038:"The epidemiology of varicella and herpes zoster in The Netherlands: implications for varicella zoster virus vaccination"
4693:
4560:
819:
6350:
6305:
6200:
3696:
2660:
2348:
9755:
9239:
8876:
7472:
6234:
6040:
5882:
2895:
2792:
2752:
2617:
2266:
1716:
1471:
489:
may be involved. Zoster ophthalmicus occurs in approximately 10% to 25% of cases. In some people, symptoms may include
3418:
2295:
794:
in blood; this appears only during chickenpox or shingles and not while the virus is dormant. In larger laboratories,
403:("zoster without herpes") describes a person who has all of the symptoms of shingles except this characteristic rash.
10882:
9515:
7373:
2569:
3565:
1859:"Herpes zoster epidemiology, management, and disease and economic burden in Europe: a multidisciplinary perspective"
10857:
10794:
10789:
10671:
10099:
10079:
8991:
8159:
7482:
5610:
4804:
1323:, meaning "belt" or "girdle", after the characteristic belt-like dermatomal rash. The common name for the disease,
6642:
4875:
11024:
10703:
10340:
9794:
8481:
5742:
2944:
Steiner I, Kennedy PG, Pachner AR (2007). "The neurotropic herpes viruses: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster".
1289:
indicated that pediatricians reflected incidence rates from 1/2 to 1/8 that of the general population their age.
1198:
among populations where varicella vaccination was not as yet widespread in the community. A later study by Patel
802:(PCR) for VZV DNA, or examined with an electron microscope for virus particles. Molecular biology tests based on
784:), shingles can be difficult to diagnose. Apart from the rash, most symptoms can occur also in other conditions.
876:
that reduce the risk of developing shingles or developing severe shingles if the disease occurs. They include a
10688:
10523:
8805:
8496:
7441:
7067:
3618:
Chan J, Bergstrom RT, Lanza DC, Oas JG (2004). "Lateral sinus thrombosis associated with zoster sine herpete".
3383:
2915:
894:
concluded that
Zostavax was useful for preventing shingles for at least three years. This equates to about 50%
6710:
6027:
4642:"The risk and prognosis of cancer after hospitalisation for herpes zoster: a population-based follow-up study"
3155:
Gilden DH, Cohrs RJ, Mahalingam R (2003). "Clinical and molecular pathogenesis of varicella virus infection".
2171:
Jiang X, Li Y, Chen N, Zhou M, He L (December 2023). "Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia".
10528:
8713:
7634:
7325:
7162:
3341:
1276:
In historical shingles studies, shingles incidence generally increased with age. However, in his 1965 paper,
339:
5037:
4558:
Paryani SG, Arvin AM (1986). "Intrauterine infection with varicella-zoster virus after maternal varicella".
10391:
10052:
9661:
9365:
9350:
9288:
9234:
9157:
8975:
8779:
8725:
7801:
7556:
7247:
7177:
5179:"Increased risk of herpes zoster in patients with psoriasis: A population-based retrospective cohort study"
4851:"Epidemiology and burden of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in Australia, Asia and South America"
515:
5244:
Livengood JM (2000). "The role of stress in the development of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia".
2534:
10580:
10543:
10273:
9554:
9466:
8866:
8769:
8660:
8405:
8139:
7949:
7551:
7082:
7037:
6383:
6336:
6265:
6217:
3929:"Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
3503:
1020:
811:
11014:
10972:
10590:
10538:
10345:
10278:
10047:
9547:
9542:
9493:
8881:
8871:
8459:
8149:
8144:
8087:
7904:
7624:
6317:
6246:
6212:
5936:
5568:"Changing dynamics of varicella-zoster virus infections in the 21st century: the impact of vaccination"
3038:"Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Herpes Zoster Vaccines"
1386:
and that people always died or developed serious long-term function problems. People were diagnosed at
1246:
984:
demonstrate similar or superior efficacy and good safety and tolerability. The drugs are used both for
640:
Progression of shingles. A cluster of small bumps (1) turns into blisters (2). The blisters fill with
10595:
10313:
10217:
9688:
9152:
8798:
8774:
8360:
7826:
6702:
6695:
5480:"Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
1371:
1277:
799:
717:
6868:
3249:
668:. The immune system eventually eliminates the virus from most locations, but it remains dormant (or
10902:
10681:
10666:
10362:
10318:
10263:
10136:
10094:
9862:
9708:
8580:
8466:
8052:
7669:
7315:
7252:
7147:
6782:
6457:
5843:
5795:
4083:
3381:
Thomas SL, Hall AJ (2004). "What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster?".
3289:
3235:
1054:
is similar to standard treatment for shingles at other sites. A trial comparing aciclovir with its
839:
653:
578:
343:
20:
10735:
3984:
Cunningham AL, Lal H, Kovac M, Chlibek R, Hwang SJ, DĆez-Domingo J, et al. (September 2016).
384:("pins and needles": tingling, pricking, or numbness). Pain can be mild to severe in the affected
11029:
10799:
10600:
10565:
10258:
10062:
9842:
9683:
9629:
9559:
9481:
9461:
9448:
9425:
8968:
8730:
8400:
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7934:
7629:
7348:
7320:
6950:
5978:
4523:
4303:
3713:
Beards G, Graham C, Pillay D (1998). "Investigation of vesicular rashes for HSV and VZV by PCR".
3108:"A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus latency and reactivation"
1911:"Global herpes zoster incidence, burden of disease, and vaccine availability: a narrative review"
906:
895:
891:
527:
170:
90:
27:
6856:
4392:
Bader MS (September 2013). "Herpes zoster: diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches".
3857:
Weinmann S, Naleway AL, Koppolu P, Baxter R, Belongia EA, Hambidge SJ, et al. (July 2019).
1857:
Johnson RW, Alvarez-Pasquin MJ, Bijl M, Franco E, Gaillat J, Clara JG, et al. (July 2015).
787:
Laboratory tests are available to diagnose shingles. The most popular test detects VZV-specific
10945:
10912:
10585:
10575:
10570:
10512:
10439:
10395:
10291:
10286:
10072:
9902:
9897:
9872:
9718:
9649:
9476:
9385:
9303:
9030:
8861:
8827:
8154:
8120:
7909:
7821:
7137:
4263:
3244:
1348:
1141:
1067:
1016:
969:
919:
764:
645:
629:
621:
260:
241:
157:
125:
107:
9293:
6822:
5898:
Oaklander AL (October 1999). "The pathology of shingles: Head and
Campbell's 1900 monograph".
2992:
Weinberg JM (2007). "Herpes zoster: epidemiology, natural history, and common complications".
2607:
2254:
1704:
1313:("to creep"), referring to the latent, recurring infections typical of this group of viruses.
10754:
10656:
10268:
10146:
10008:
9967:
9767:
9569:
9503:
9430:
8621:
8586:
8509:
7811:
7738:
7426:
6960:
6940:
6746:
4728:
Ismail A, Rao DG, Sharrack B (2009). "Pure motor Herpes Zoster induced brachial plexopathy".
4394:
4121:
4115:"The shingles immunisation programme: evaluation of the programme and implementation in 2018"
3759:"Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection"
3662:
3037:
2782:
2740:
931:
877:
508:
that can sometimes cause chronic ocular inflammation, loss of vision, and debilitating pain.
407:
6170:
6153:
1453:
1070:, which is often difficult to manage. In some people, shingles can reactivate presenting as
10852:
10753:
10491:
10476:
10042:
9975:
9581:
9313:
8683:
8324:
8314:
8028:
7157:
6955:
6930:
5394:
5190:
4956:
2946:
2851:
1262:
881:
772:
721:
677:
661:
300:
276:
6612:"Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Meningitis: A Case Report of Mollaret's Meningitis"
1614:
8:
11019:
10907:
10643:
10623:
10613:
10486:
10419:
10301:
10296:
10222:
10121:
9774:
9698:
9537:
9486:
9435:
9415:
9328:
9318:
9244:
9219:
9077:
8907:
8233:
8184:
7879:
7816:
7791:
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7619:
7597:
7192:
7152:
7072:
7062:
6771:
6404:
5479:
4046:
3928:
2491:
1265:, in 1953. Some sources also attribute the first isolation of the herpes zoster virus to
768:
724:, or other factors. Upon reactivation, the virus replicates in neuronal cell bodies, and
681:
625:
481:
385:
5194:
4465:
4438:
2145:
2120:
1457:
1249:
hypothesized that the disease arose from the dorsal root ganglion, and an 1861 paper by
1124:
Although shingles typically resolves within 3ā5 weeks, certain complications may arise:
10950:
10897:
10872:
10804:
10608:
10533:
10424:
10372:
10333:
10030:
9946:
9877:
9586:
9410:
9390:
9343:
9229:
9174:
9137:
9127:
9112:
9042:
8949:
8476:
8365:
8355:
8219:
8082:
8047:
8017:
7728:
7592:
7477:
7436:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7127:
6610:
Kojima Y, Hashiguchi H, Hashimoto T, Tsuji S, Shoji H, Kazuyama Y (15 September 2008).
6592:
6426:
6399:
6359:
6134:
6084:
6057:
5960:
5873:
Weller TH (2000). "Chapter 1. Historical perspective". In Arvin AM, Gershon AA (eds.).
5819:
5682:
5653:
5634:
5418:
5406:
5332:
5271:
5221:
5178:
5036:
de Melker H, Berbers G, HahnĆ© S, RĆ¼mke H, van den Hof S, de Wit A, et al. (2006).
4977:
4951:
4927:
4906:
4901:
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4419:
4374:
4060:
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3834:
3809:
3785:
3758:
3739:
3474:
3449:
3314:
3215:
3132:
3107:
3065:
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2707:
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2643:
2516:
2466:
2439:
2393:
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1960:
1937:
1910:
1883:
1858:
1816:
1680:
1655:
1591:
1566:
1102:
847:
705:
664:. Most individuals are infected with this virus as children which causes an episode of
550:
that heal within 10ā14 days. The prodromal pain (before the rash) may be confused with
99:
80:
8764:
6122:
5859:
4610:
4536:
3683:
3396:
3036:
Dooling KL, Guo A, Patel M, Lee GM, Moore K, Belongia EA, et al. (January 2018).
2959:
2826:
2809:
1810:
Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, Gnann JW, Levin MJ, Backonja M, et al. (2007).
1671:
1221:
in the earlier study, or to the introduction of antivirals in
California before 1994.
1058:, valaciclovir, demonstrated similar efficacies in treating this form of the disease.
775:(HSV) can occasionally produce a rash in such a pattern (zosteriform herpes simplex).
10648:
10237:
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1712:
1685:
1596:
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1175:
1171:
1051:
997:
869:
732:
to the area of skin innervated by that ganglion. In the skin, the virus causes local
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535:
245:
147:
139:
68:
6776:
6138:
5964:
5823:
5638:
5336:
5275:
4968:
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4378:
3743:
3281:
3219:
2520:
2105:
1653:
1154:
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10207:
10116:
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9806:
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9678:
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9471:
9308:
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8431:
8420:
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8042:
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7457:
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5944:
5908:
5803:
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5667:
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5538:
5450:
5422:
5402:
5364:
5314:
5306:
5255:
5216:
5198:
5151:
5115:
5062:
5054:
5010:
5002:
4972:
4964:
4922:
4914:
4902:"Epidemiology of varicella zoster virus infection in Canada and the United Kingdom"
4858:
4812:
4737:
4702:
4663:
4655:
4606:
4569:
4532:
4499:
4495:
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4456:
4452:
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4403:
4358:
4320:
4312:
4271:
4055:
4007:
3997:
3880:
3870:
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3821:
3780:
3770:
3723:
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3512:
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3392:
3350:
3318:
3298:
3254:
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3164:
3127:
3119:
3060:
3052:
3003:
2975:
2955:
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2821:
2702:
2694:
2578:
2500:
2461:
2453:
2401:
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2136:
2132:
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1932:
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1878:
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1824:
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1759:
1675:
1667:
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1578:
1516:
1242:
1135:
1036:
873:
806:
nucleic acid amplification (PCR tests) are currently considered the most reliable.
476:
311:
291:
180:
6456:
Becerra JC, Sieber R, Martinetti G, Costa ST, Meylan P, Bernasconi E (July 2013).
5058:
4626:
3986:"Efficacy of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults 70 Years of Age or Older"
3339:
Donahue JG, Choo PW, Manson JE, Platt R (1995). "The incidence of herpes zoster".
2565:"Dental complications of herpes zoster: Two case reports and review of literature"
2089:
767:) requires only a visual examination, since very few diseases produce a rash in a
10998:
10774:
10560:
10355:
10248:
10084:
10003:
9983:
9907:
9892:
9762:
9666:
9634:
9605:
9527:
9453:
9249:
9132:
9122:
9067:
9052:
8612:
8287:
8208:
7869:
7796:
7467:
7182:
7027:
6965:
6787:
6417:
6364:
6222:
5652:
Yih WK, Brooks DR, Lett SM, Jumaan AO, Zhang Z, Clements KM, et al. (2005).
5572:
5530:
5442:
5356:
5246:
5203:
5143:
5107:
4640:
SĆørensen HT, Olsen JH, Jepsen P, Johnsen SP, SchĆønheyder HC, Mellemkjaer (2004).
4350:
4151:"Herpes zoster (shingles) immunisation programme 2016 to 2017: evaluation report"
3631:
3354:
1915:
1179:
1106:
993:
965:
884:
542:
486:
287:
6839:
6280:
5912:
5155:
4706:
4573:
4216:
4040:
Shapiro M, Kvern B, Watson P, Guenther L, McElhaney J, McGeer A (October 2011).
3517:
3498:
2211:
475:
Shingles may have additional symptoms, depending on the dermatome involved. The
10986:
10940:
10892:
10862:
10730:
10661:
10628:
10350:
10089:
9823:
9703:
9498:
9283:
9096:
8928:
8835:
8570:
8541:
8514:
8491:
8304:
8067:
7980:
7929:
7919:
7836:
7378:
7206:
6836:
6798:
6476:
6075:
5455:
5437:
5298:
5119:
4900:
Brisson M, Edmunds WJ, Law B, Gay NJ, Walld R, Brownell M, et al. (2001).
4348:
Baron R (2004). "Post-herpetic neuralgia case study: optimizing pain control".
4275:
3715:
3465:
3168:
3007:
2864:
2457:
1383:
1083:
1031:
1012:
968:
may reduce the severity and duration of shingles; however, they do not prevent
863:
835:
689:
636:
490:
411:
320:
280:
162:
6845:
6842:
6664:
6580:
5948:
5436:
Hicks LD, Cook-Norris RH, Mendoza N, Madkan V, Arora A, Tyring SK (May 2008).
5259:
5177:
Tsai SY, Chen HJ, Lio CF, Ho HP, Kuo CF, Jia X, et al. (22 August 2017).
4918:
4741:
3302:
3258:
2389:"Acute pain in herpes zoster and its impact on health-related quality of life"
1928:
632:. Approximately 150,000Ć magnification. The virus diameter is 150ā200 nm.
11008:
10842:
10720:
10548:
10367:
10131:
10111:
10020:
9887:
9847:
9644:
9405:
9380:
9355:
9333:
9117:
9107:
9072:
8856:
8649:
8547:
8370:
8261:
8006:
7914:
7889:
7844:
7806:
7674:
7541:
7401:
7353:
7285:
7257:
6630:
6538:
6313:
6242:
6208:
6179:
5900:
5839:"The burden of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in the United States"
5511:
5212:
4801:
4646:
4407:
4316:
4243:
3968:
3654:
2912:"Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances ā Varicella-zoster virus"
2698:
2638:
2583:
2564:
2370:
2056:
1987:
1874:
1771:
1641:
1543:
1496:
1258:
1082:. This condition may involve complications that affect several levels of the
823:
712:
669:
574:
570:
562:
377:
268:
225:
6761:
6378:
4261:
Tyring SK (2007). "Management of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia".
10693:
10469:
10464:
10449:
10429:
10399:
10232:
9941:
9882:
9813:
9735:
9725:
9693:
9656:
9617:
9609:
9224:
9179:
9164:
9062:
9057:
8699:
8531:
8454:
8444:
8391:
8351:
8342:
8190:
7859:
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7411:
7226:
7221:
7211:
7052:
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6485:
6435:
6130:
6093:
5956:
5920:
5855:
5815:
5763:
5727:
5691:
5672:
5630:
5594:
5552:
5496:
5464:
5328:
5267:
5230:
5076:
5022:
4986:
4952:"The incidence of herpes zoster in a United States administrative database"
4936:
4871:
4824:
4749:
4677:
4659:
4544:
4507:
4474:
4415:
4370:
4334:
4283:
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4021:
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3894:
3875:
3843:
3794:
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3483:
3426:
3404:
3310:
3266:
3211:
3176:
3141:
3074:
3056:
3015:
2967:
2872:
2835:
2716:
2656:
2592:
2512:
2475:
2415:
2366:
2313:
2300:
2227:
2196:
2154:
2097:
1946:
1892:
1838:
1783:
1689:
1600:
1391:
1379:
1266:
1110:
977:
733:
697:
610:
531:
523:
10829:
7979:
6331:
6260:
6187:
5414:
5378:
5163:
5127:
4714:
4618:
4581:
4002:
3985:
3735:
3692:
3604:
3526:
3362:
1582:
1131:
Motor involvement, including weakness especially in "motor herpes zoster".
10887:
10877:
10867:
10784:
10779:
10710:
9784:
9745:
9564:
9440:
9400:
9268:
9189:
9169:
8688:
7894:
7719:
7421:
7087:
6817:
5438:"Family history as a risk factor for herpes zoster: a case-control study"
3775:
3584:
3541:
3123:
2504:
1748:
1298:
1183:
1160:
1001:
985:
981:
851:
778:
When the rash is absent (early or late in the disease, or in the case of
594:
547:
502:
381:
324:
305:
253:
233:
166:
133:
73:
6009:
3728:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199803)54:3<155::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-4
3674:
2681:"Clinical review: Treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia"
2001:"Researchers discover how chickenpox and shingles virus remains dormant"
10847:
10633:
10459:
10227:
10057:
9998:
9936:
9926:
9919:
9914:
9852:
9835:
9779:
9750:
9671:
9532:
9510:
9395:
9375:
8902:
8851:
8718:
8674:
8331:
8250:
8129:
7854:
7695:
7572:
7290:
7262:
7032:
6851:
6611:
6109:
5719:
5352:"Racial and psychosocial risk factors for herpes zoster in the elderly"
5014:
4597:
1654:
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death
Collaborators (8 October 2016).
1238:
1090:
954:
934:
807:
665:
566:
272:
264:
237:
187:
95:
6729:
5319:
5310:
5067:
4296:
3282:"Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella-zoster virus latency in ganglia"
3190:
Kennedy PG (2002). "Varicella-zoster virus latency in human ganglia".
755:
505:
290:. Risk factors for reactivation of the dormant virus include old age,
10715:
10698:
10434:
10212:
10015:
9639:
9522:
9142:
9037:
9015:
8933:
8897:
8639:
8602:
8486:
8072:
7996:
7899:
7849:
7613:
7200:
7172:
7077:
6912:
6898:
6828:
6665:"Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia: Prevention and Management"
6058:"The nature of herpes zoster; a long-term study and a new hypothesis"
3825:
2440:"The nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and a new hypothesis"
1375:
1105:. Other serious effects that may occur in some cases include partial
973:
950:
946:
657:
606:
551:
494:
316:
229:
192:
103:
55:
4042:"Update on herpes zoster vaccination: a family practitioner's guide"
3203:
1702:
10725:
10676:
10444:
10197:
10178:
10158:
9979:
9857:
9801:
9047:
8790:
8309:
8280:
8275:
8270:
7924:
7546:
7526:
7462:
7416:
7358:
7295:
7237:
7057:
7006:
6935:
6529:
6512:
5622:
5585:
5567:
5543:
5525:
5369:
5351:
4816:
3233:
Kennedy PG (2002). "Key issues in varicella-zoster virus latency".
2406:
2388:
2349:"Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia"
1829:
1811:
1234:
1230:
1098:
1094:
1043:
989:
942:
938:
843:
791:
673:
558:
555:
5524:
Jumaan AO, Yu O, Jackson LA, Bohlke K, Galil K, Seward JF (2005).
4950:
Insinga RP, Itzler RF, Pellissier JM, Saddier P, Nikas AA (2005).
3910:"Two-for-One: Chickenpox Vaccine Lowers Shingles Risk in Children"
957:
along with antivirals may offer relief of postherpetic neuralgia.
461:
454:
447:
10811:
10769:
10454:
10414:
10308:
10182:
9971:
9338:
8655:
8626:
8395:
8375:
8196:
8109:
8099:
7723:
7577:
7487:
7406:
7393:
7343:
7272:
6996:
6991:
6986:
5510:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1640:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1542:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1495:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1387:
1055:
1040:
771:(sometimes called by doctors on TV "a dermatonal map"). However,
498:
355:
6700:
Knowledge's health care articles can be viewed offline with the
4594:
1856:
10553:
10025:
9613:
9208:
8299:
8057:
8037:
7335:
7280:
7047:
7042:
7016:
6925:
6756:
6741:
4487:
3280:
Mitchell BM, Bloom DC, Cohrs RJ, Gilden DH, Kennedy PG (2003).
2261:(3rd ed.). London: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 358.
1117:
744:
725:
561:. In rare cases, oral involvement causes complications such as
440:
332:
6609:
5391:
4949:
4297:
Helgason S, Petursson G, Gudmundsson S, Sigurdsson JA (2000).
2387:
Katz J, Cooper EM, Walther RR, Sweeney EW, Dworkin RH (2004).
7984:
7001:
6306:
6235:
6201:
5435:
4437:
Chen N, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou M, Zhou D, He (2014). He L (ed.).
1711:(Seventh ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences ]. p. 351.
1087:
795:
763:
If the rash has appeared, identifying this disease (making a
641:
602:
598:
396:
328:
10981:
6455:
5349:
3856:
2612:(4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 638ā642.
2119:
Chen N, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou M, Zhou D, He L (February 2014).
1074:: pain radiating along the path of a single spinal nerve (a
522:. It is thought to result from the virus spreading from the
347:
risk of death is very low: 0.28 to 0.69 deaths per million.
8440:
8292:
7582:
7101:
6920:
6511:
Ihekwaba UK, Kudesia G, McKendrick MW (15 September 2008).
4520:
4439:"Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia"
2121:"Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia"
2076:
Cunningham AL (2016). "The herpes zoster subunit vaccine".
1459:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
1079:
729:
363:
5791:
5704:
5104:
5035:
4999:
4639:
4039:
3926:
3450:"Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults"
1019:. Side effects however appear to be minimal. Their use in
613:, respectively), making the condition potentially lethal.
9004:
6564:
6510:
6151:
4690:
3983:
2739:
Chi AC, Damm DD, Neville BW, Allen CM, Bouquot J (2008).
2685:
2639:"Evaluation and management of herpes zoster ophthalmicus"
1809:
1218:
788:
644:, break open (3), crust over (4), and finally disappear.
519:
5875:
Varicella-Zoster Virus: Virology and Clinical Management
5295:
3279:
3105:
2488:
2386:
2346:
6715:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
5140:
4848:
3807:
1703:
Sivapathasundharam B, Gururaj N, Ranganathan K (2014).
240:
which can last for months or years, a condition called
5477:
5350:
Schmader K, George LK, Burchett BM, Pieper CF (1998).
3927:
Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF (6 June 2008).
3859:"Incidence of Herpes Zoster Among Children: 2003ā2014"
3338:
930:
People with mild to moderate pain can be treated with
593:
may occur (wide rash). It is defined as more than 20
10970:
5607:
5523:
3810:"Herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia"
3801:
3750:
3617:
3499:"The complete DNA sequence of varicella-zoster virus"
3154:
2943:
2562:
1812:"Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster"
1347:
Until the mid-1990s, infectious complications of the
976:
has been the standard treatment, but the newer drugs
953:
and nerve blocks may also reduce pain. Administering
8990:
6719:
6560:
6558:
6556:
6033:
Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control
4899:
1451:
5651:
4186:"NHS England warning as vaccine programme extended"
2888:
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
2738:
10404:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6026:
4184:
3756:
3712:
3035:
2810:"Disseminated varicella zoster virus encephalitis"
1916:Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy
905:In the UK, shingles vaccination is offered by the
16:Viral disease caused by the varicella zoster virus
9267:
6899:Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology
6553:
6106:
4727:
3106:Kennedy PG, Rovnak J, Badani H, Cohrs RJ (2015).
2885:
1159:Varicella zoster virus (VZV) has a high level of
1144:, a condition of chronic pain following shingles.
1116:There is a slightly increased risk of developing
814:, but is susceptible to contamination leading to
11006:
9604:
6152:Terada K, Hiraga Y, Kawano S, Kataoka N (1995).
3496:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
2599:
868:Shingles risk can be reduced in children by the
10759:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
6442:
6281:"Herpes | Define Herpes at Dictionary.com"
6055:
6014:. D Appleton Century Company. pp. 931ā933.
4844:
4842:
4256:
4254:
4252:
3979:
3977:
3376:
3374:
3372:
2987:
2985:
2939:
2937:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2382:
2380:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2252:
2170:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1845:
1707:. In Rajendran A, Sivapathasundharam B (eds.).
1615:"Herpes Zoster Diagnosis, Testing, Lab Methods"
1517:"Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Signs & Symptoms"
367:A case of shingles that demonstrates a typical
142:, having had chickenpox before 18 months of age
63:Herpes zoster blisters on the neck and shoulder
9371:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
6049:
4436:
3101:
3099:
2995:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
2747:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 250ā253.
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2678:
2605:
2118:
2024:
2022:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1213:could dramatically reduce the incidence rate.
1000:individuals with shingles may be reduced with
10329:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
8976:
8806:
8755:Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood
7965:
7384:Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta
6884:
5927:
5176:
3022:
728:are shed from the cells and carried down the
485:. The skin of the forehead, upper eyelid and
304:, although they belong to the same family of
26:"Zoster" redirects here. For other uses, see
7038:Dermatofibroma (benign fibrous histiocytoma)
6463:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
6063:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
6007:
5897:
5734:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5243:
4849:AraĆŗjo LQ, Macintyre CR, Vujacich C (2007).
4839:
4633:
4557:
4514:
4341:
4290:
4249:
4182:
3974:
3808:Sampathkumar P, Drage LA, Martin DP (2009).
3611:
3581:
3441:
3369:
3273:
3226:
3183:
3148:
2982:
2934:
2848:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2667:
2630:
2558:
2556:
2482:
2445:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
2422:
2377:
2347:Stankus SJ, Dlugopolski M, Packer D (2000).
2333:
2287:
1899:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1456:. In Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S (eds.).
648:can sometimes occur due to nerve damage (5).
4684:
4551:
3920:
3706:
3646:
3490:
3332:
3096:
2723:
2173:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2125:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2019:
1752:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1334:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1302:
779:
589:In those with deficits in immune function,
11035:Varicella zoster virus-associated diseases
8983:
8969:
8813:
8799:
8558:Papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome
7972:
7958:
6891:
6877:
6400:"The global epidemiology of herpes zoster"
6397:
5565:
4221:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4209:
4035:
4033:
4031:
3539:
3447:
3380:
2255:"Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia"
2075:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2034:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1965:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1619:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1521:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1464:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1023:had not been properly studied as of 2008.
249:
54:
6528:
6475:
6425:
6169:
6083:
6024:
5933:
5872:
5836:
5681:
5671:
5584:
5542:
5454:
5368:
5318:
5282:
5220:
5202:
5066:
4976:
4926:
4667:
4464:
4324:
4260:
4059:
4011:
4001:
3884:
3874:
3833:
3784:
3774:
3682:
3540:Koh MJ, Seah PP, Teo RY (February 2008).
3516:
3473:
3248:
3131:
3064:
2825:
2765:
2706:
2582:
2563:Gupta S, Sreenivasan V, Patil PB (2015).
2553:
2465:
2405:
2209:
2144:
1936:
1882:
1828:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1679:
1590:
1502:
1370:Although DNA analysis techniques such as
829:
6662:
6011:Holt's Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
3652:
2991:
2636:
2293:
1647:
1030:
754:
676:adjacent to the spinal cord (called the
652:The causative agent for shingles is the
635:
620:
584:
362:
354:
10956:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
10105:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
8229:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
6619:Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
6357:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
6171:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.69.908
6018:
5743:"Severe complications of herpes zoster"
5740:
4770:
4491:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4444:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4430:
4385:
4347:
4104:Overview to be reviewed 31 August 2024.
4028:
3232:
3189:
2886:Elston DM, Berger TG, James WD (2006).
2879:
2787:(12th ed.). coco. pp. 62ā65.
2780:
2062:
1961:"Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Transmission"
1549:
1462:(13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
1452:Lopez A, Harrington T, Marin M (2015).
1404:
410:, forming small blisters filled with a
11007:
10142:As a manifestation of systemic disease
7691:Disseminated intravascular coagulation
6398:Yawn BP, Gilden D (3 September 2013).
5503:from the original on 4 September 2011.
4588:
4217:"Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccination"
4178:
4176:
3575:
2807:
2761:from the original on 8 September 2017.
2626:from the original on 8 September 2017.
1790:
1026:
1015:do not appear to decrease the risk of
945:. Once the lesions have crusted over,
798:collected from a blister is tested by
286:The disease has been recognized since
10929:
10828:
10752:
10510:
10389:
10175:
9965:
9603:
9266:
9206:
9094:
9002:
8964:
8794:
7953:
6872:
6648:from the original on 22 January 2013.
6492:from the original on 17 December 2019
6287:from the original on 25 February 2011
5979:"Evelyn Nicol 1930 - 2020 - Obituary"
4391:
4197:from the original on 15 November 2019
3952:from the original on 17 November 2009
2275:from the original on 17 December 2019
2210:Nair PA, Patel BC (2 November 2021).
2166:
2164:
1909:Pan CX, Lee MS, Nambudiri VE (2022).
1725:from the original on 17 December 2019
1705:"Viral Infections of the Oral Cavity"
1564:
1480:from the original on 30 December 2016
949:cream (Zostrix) can be used. Topical
350:
335:may be used to help with acute pain.
9988:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
8820:
8760:Post-vaccination follicular eruption
6568:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
5773:from the original on 27 January 2019
4227:from the original on 16 January 2020
2609:Essential Microbiology for Dentistry
2320:from the original on 3 November 2009
2203:
2078:Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
1744:
1742:
1740:
1109:(usually temporary), ear damage, or
323:on rates of postherpetic neuralgia.
10639:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
10511:
10482:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
4783:from the original on 12 August 2016
4694:The New England Journal of Medicine
4561:The New England Journal of Medicine
4173:
4161:from the original on 9 January 2020
4131:from the original on 9 January 2020
3533:
3084:from the original on 29 August 2021
1709:Shafer's textbook of oral pathology
1571:The New England Journal of Medicine
743:The complete sequence of the viral
581:and tooth developmental anomalies.
573:(gum disease), pulp calcification,
395:similar to the first appearance of
369:dermatomal distribution, here C8/T1
13:
11040:Virus-related cutaneous conditions
9756:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
9240:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
8877:Progressive outer retinal necrosis
8429:
7516:
7473:Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
6656:
6376:
6329:
6258:
6035:. Plenum Press. pp. 865ā892.
5407:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02751.x
5086:from the original on 8 August 2017
3702:from the original on 25 June 2008.
2922:from the original on 22 March 2020
2161:
1567:"Clinical practice: Herpes zoster"
854:, certain drugs and insect bites.
616:
14:
11056:
7374:Transient acantholytic dermatosis
6688:
6031:. In Evans AS, Kaslow RA (eds.).
3757:De Paschale M, Clerici P (2016).
3571:from the original on 2 June 2014.
3328:from the original on 17 May 2008.
2663:from the original on 14 May 2008.
2570:Indian Journal of Dental Research
2234:from the original on 10 June 2022
1737:
1170:Another important risk factor is
1046:, scabs, blister, eyelid swelling
195:(if given early), pain medication
10992:
10980:
10858:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
10795:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
10790:Central hypoventilation syndrome
10672:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
10100:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
10080:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
8992:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
8775:Viral-associated trichodysplasia
8160:Modified varicella-like syndrome
7983:, symptoms and signs related to
7483:Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
6694:
6603:
6504:
6391:
6370:
6344:
6323:
6299:
6273:
6252:
6228:
6194:
6145:
6100:
6001:
5989:from the original on 27 May 2022
5971:
5891:
5866:
5808:10.1097/00006454-200107000-00002
5611:Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
5505:
4805:Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
4363:10.1111/j.1471-0552.2004.00794.x
4237:
4094:from the original on 2 June 2014
3962:
2745:Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
2253:Schmader KE, Dworkin RH (2011).
2050:
2040:from the original on 16 May 2015
1981:
1863:Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines
1635:
1625:from the original on 3 June 2022
1537:
1527:from the original on 26 May 2015
1490:
605:, may also be affected (causing
460:
453:
446:
439:
419:Development of the shingles rash
252:. If the rash involves the eye,
10704:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
10341:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
9795:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
8482:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
7493:Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
6711:NINDS Shingles Information Page
6028:"Varicella-herpes zoster virus"
5830:
5785:
5698:
5645:
5601:
5559:
5517:
5471:
5429:
5385:
5343:
5237:
5170:
5134:
5098:
5029:
4993:
4969:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0150.x
4943:
4893:
4795:
4764:
4721:
4481:
4143:
4107:
4076:
3850:
3497:Davison, AJ, Scott, JE (1986).
3411:
3112:The Journal of General Virology
2904:
2842:
2808:Chai W, Ho MG (November 2014).
2801:
2679:Johnson RW, Dworkin RH (2003).
2527:
2296:"Shingles: an unwelcome encore"
2246:
2112:
2005:UCLH Biomedical Research Centre
1993:
1971:from the original on 6 May 2015
1953:
1148:
1078:), but without an accompanying
1035:Zoster ophthalmicus. Labels in
846:, and skin reactions caused by
10689:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
10524:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
8497:Verrucae palmares et plantares
7734:Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
7442:Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
7068:Infantile digital fibromatosis
5877:. Cambridge University Press.
4500:10.1002/14651858.CD006852.pub2
4457:10.1002/14651858.CD006866.pub3
4183:Shaun Linter (18 April 2018).
3384:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
2916:Public Health Agency of Canada
2541:. New York State. January 2023
2185:10.1002/14651858.CD005582.pub5
2137:10.1002/14651858.CD006866.pub3
1764:10.1002/14651858.CD008858.pub5
1696:
1607:
1128:Secondary bacterial infection.
834:Shingles can be confused with
1:
10883:MelkerssonāRosenthal syndrome
10832:Soft tissues around the mouth
10529:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
8714:Hand, foot, and mouth disease
8209:Cytomegalic inclusion disease
7326:Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
7163:Langerhans cell histiocytosis
6123:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09837-9
5059:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.017
4611:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92943-2
4537:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00222-0
3454:Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
3397:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00857-0
3342:Archives of Internal Medicine
2960:10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70267-3
2827:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60755-8
2090:10.1517/14712598.2016.1134481
1672:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1397:
1174:. Other risk factors include
960:
937:. Topical lotions containing
925:
857:
359:Shingles in various locations
340:National Institutes of Health
11045:Vaccine-preventable diseases
10053:Gingival cyst of the newborn
9662:Failure of eruption of teeth
9366:Hand, foot and mouth disease
9351:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
9289:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
9235:Palatal cysts of the newborn
9158:Transient lingual papillitis
8867:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
8726:Foot-and-mouth disease virus
7802:Systemic lupus erythematosus
7557:Systemic lupus erythematosus
7248:Systemic lupus erythematosus
6517:Clinical Infectious Diseases
6418:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a3516e
6008:Holt LE, McIntosh R (1936).
5204:10.1371/journal.pone.0179447
4773:"Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus"
3632:10.1016/j.amjoto.2004.03.007
3597:10.1016/0002-9343(86)90343-8
3542:"Zosteriform herpes simplex"
3355:10.1001/archinte.155.15.1605
3045:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
1301:derives from the Greek word
1292:
1061:
992:) and as therapy during the
988:(for example in people with
912:
750:
516:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
344:number of new cases per year
7:
10581:Salivary gland diverticulum
10544:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
9555:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
9467:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
8770:Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis
8661:Congenital rubella syndrome
8406:Molluscum contagiosum virus
7083:Lymphangioma circumscriptum
6384:Online Etymology Dictionary
6337:Online Etymology Dictionary
6266:Online Etymology Dictionary
5913:10.1001/archneur.56.10.1292
4707:10.1056/NEJM198208123070701
4574:10.1056/NEJM198606123142403
4084:"Shingles vaccine overview"
3518:10.1099/0022-1317-67-9-1759
3504:Journal of General Virology
3192:Reviews in Medical Virology
2361:(8): 2437ā2444, 2447ā2448.
2259:Essentials of Pain Medicine
2242:– via NCBI Bookshelf.
1342:
1297:The family name of all the
1241:. In the late 18th century
1007:
228:characterized by a painful
10:
11061:
10591:Salivary gland hyperplasia
10539:HIV salivary gland disease
10048:Gingival cyst of the adult
9494:Oral florid papillomatosis
9207:
9095:
8872:Disseminated herpes zoster
8150:Disseminated herpes zoster
8088:Herpetic gingivostomatitis
7905:Mucous membrane pemphigoid
6663:Saguil A (November 2017).
6477:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.031
6307:
6236:
6202:
6076:10.1177/003591576505800106
5937:Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
5837:Weaver BA (1 March 2007).
5456:10.1001/archderm.144.5.603
4771:Roat MI (September 2014).
4276:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.09.016
3940:(RRā5): 1ā30, quiz CE2ā4.
3466:10.1016/j.cger.2007.03.003
3169:10.1089/088282403322396073
3008:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.046
2865:10.1016/j.jinf.2015.06.004
2535:"Shingles (herpes zoster)"
2458:10.1177/003591576505800106
2294:Zamula E (MayāJune 2001).
2036:(CDC). 17 September 2014.
1967:(CDC). 17 September 2014.
1224:
1152:
880:vaccine, Zostavax, and an
861:
684:in the base of the skull.
437:
259:Shingles is caused by the
25:
18:
10936:
10930:
10925:
10838:
10830:Orofacial soft tissues ā
10824:
10765:
10748:
10596:Salivary gland hypoplasia
10519:
10506:
10410:
10385:
10324:Bisphosphonate-associated
10218:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
10193:
10171:
9994:
9961:
9689:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
9625:
9599:
9279:
9262:
9215:
9202:
9153:Median rhomboid glossitis
9103:
9090:
9011:
8998:
8942:
8916:
8890:
8844:
8826:
8747:
8697:
8672:
8637:
8610:
8601:
8568:
8529:
8505:
8418:
8384:
8361:Bovine papular stomatitis
8340:
8259:
8248:
8217:
8172:
8118:
8096:
8026:
8015:
8004:
7995:
7991:
7868:
7835:
7779:
7764:
7755:
7712:
7683:
7662:
7653:
7606:
7565:
7534:
7523:
7505:
7450:
7392:
7334:
7271:
7191:
7120:
7109:
7100:
7015:
6979:
6911:
6904:
6808:
6723:
6669:American Family Physician
6581:10.1016/j.jns.2011.11.004
5949:10.3181/00379727-83-20354
5260:10.1007/s11916-000-0003-9
5156:10.1093/infdis/166.5.1153
4919:10.1017/S0950268801005921
4742:10.1007/s00415-009-5149-8
3303:10.1080/13550280390194000
3259:10.1080/13550280290101058
1929:10.1177/25151355221084535
1372:polymerase chain reaction
1327:, derives from the Latin
1319:
1309:
1303:
800:polymerase chain reaction
718:immunosuppressive therapy
207:
199:
186:
176:
156:
146:
132:
121:
113:
89:
79:
67:
62:
53:
45:
40:
10903:Orofacial granulomatosis
10682:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
10667:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
10601:Salivary gland neoplasms
10392:Temporomandibular joints
10363:Periapical periodontitis
10095:Linear gingival erythema
9863:Regional odontodysplasia
9709:Enamel hypocalcification
9003:
8780:GianottiāCrosti syndrome
8581:Merkel cell polyomavirus
8467:Laryngeal papillomatosis
8053:Herpes simplex keratitis
7670:Thrombocytopenic purpura
7316:Dermatitis herpetiformis
7301:Acute contact dermatitis
7253:Pityriasis rubra pilaris
7178:WiskottāAldrich syndrome
7148:Lichen simplex chronicus
7028:Epidermal inclusion cyst
6056:Hope-Simpson RE (1965).
5844:J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.
5796:Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
5120:10.1093/infdis/157.2.314
4408:10.3810/pgm.2013.09.2703
4317:10.1136/bmj.321.7264.794
4223:(CDC). 25 October 2018.
3655:"Varicella-zoster virus"
3460:(3): 615ā632, viiāviii.
3290:Journal of Neurovirology
3236:Journal of Neurovirology
2699:10.1136/bmj.326.7392.748
2637:Shaikh S, Ta CN (2002).
2584:10.4103/0970-9290.159175
2438:Hope-Simpson RE (1965).
1875:10.1177/2051013615599151
1261:, by the Nobel laureate
840:dermatitis herpetiformis
656:(VZV)āa double-stranded
538:(rotational dizziness).
21:Shingle (disambiguation)
10800:Obstructive sleep apnea
10566:Salivary duct stricture
10346:Paget's disease of bone
9843:Pulp canal obliteration
9684:Dentin hypersensitivity
9630:Amelogenesis imperfecta
9482:Squamous cell carcinoma
9462:Adenosquamous carcinoma
9449:Squamous cell papilloma
9426:Melanocytic oral lesion
8731:Boston exanthem disease
8401:Yaba monkey tumor virus
8083:Herpetiform esophagitis
8063:Neonatal herpes simplex
7935:Squamous-cell carcinoma
7930:Systemic histoplasmosis
7321:Porphyria cutanea tarda
6951:Squamous-cell carcinoma
6218:A GreekāEnglish Lexicon
4304:British Medical Journal
2606:Samaranayake L (2011).
1454:"Chapter 22: Varicella"
1155:Chickenpox epidemiology
1076:dermatomal distribution
907:National Health Service
896:relative risk reduction
747:was published in 1986.
528:vestibulocochlear nerve
470:
406:Later the rash becomes
263:(VZV) that also causes
211:6,400 (with chickenpox)
171:cutaneous leishmaniasis
28:Zoster (disambiguation)
11025:Oral mucosal pathology
10946:Hemifacial hypertrophy
10913:Pyostomatitis vegetans
10586:Salivary gland fistula
10576:Salivary gland atresia
10571:Salivary gland aplasia
10425:Mandibular dislocation
10396:muscles of mastication
10274:Calcifying odontogenic
9903:Vertical root fracture
9898:Cracked tooth syndrome
9873:Shovel-shaped incisors
9768:Wisdom tooth impaction
9650:Early childhood caries
9516:Benign mucous membrane
9477:Spindle cell carcinoma
9386:Intraoral dental sinus
9304:Burning mouth syndrome
8862:Postherpetic neuralgia
8828:Varicella zoster virus
8155:Zoster-associated pain
7910:Cicatricial pemphigoid
7827:Acne keloidalis nuchae
7822:Folliculitis decalvans
5673:10.1186/1471-2458-5-68
4660:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602120
4270:(6 Suppl): S136āS142.
4264:J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.
4191:Health Service Journal
3876:10.1542/peds.2018-2917
3057:10.15585/mmwr.mm6703a5
3002:(6 Suppl): S130āS135.
2784:Burket's oral medicine
2257:. In Benzon HT (ed.).
1565:Cohen JI (July 2013).
1349:central nervous system
1335:
1329:
1142:Postherpetic neuralgia
1068:postherpetic neuralgia
1047:
970:postherpetic neuralgia
920:postherpetic neuralgia
830:Differential diagnosis
816:false positive results
780:
765:differential diagnosis
760:
654:varicella zoster virus
649:
646:Postherpetic neuralgia
633:
630:Varicella zoster virus
380:(oversensitivity), or
372:
360:
296:Varicella zoster virus
261:varicella zoster virus
242:postherpetic neuralgia
158:Differential diagnosis
126:Varicella zoster virus
108:postherpetic neuralgia
10755:Stomatognathic system
10657:Acinic cell carcinoma
10279:Glandular odontogenic
9431:Molluscum contagiosum
8587:Merkel cell carcinoma
8510:Bovine papillomavirus
7812:Loose anagen syndrome
7739:Necrobiosis lipoidica
7675:Actinic/solar purpura
7349:Insect bite reactions
7138:Seborrheic dermatitis
6961:Merkel-cell carcinoma
6941:Molluscum contagiosum
6703:Medical Knowledge app
6209:Liddell, Henry George
4395:Postgraduate Medicine
4124:(PHE). 9 April 2018.
4122:Public Health England
4013:10536/DRO/DU:30086550
4003:10.1056/NEJMoa1603800
3663:Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
2890:. Saunders Elsevier.
2373:on 29 September 2007.
1583:10.1056/NEJMcp1302674
1333:, a variant of Latin
1251:Felix von BƤrensprung
1034:
878:live attenuated virus
759:Shingles on the chest
758:
639:
624:
591:disseminated shingles
585:Disseminated shingles
366:
358:
250:rash may occur widely
244:(PHN). In those with
10898:Oral Crohn's disease
10853:Basal cell carcinoma
10492:Condylar hyperplasia
10477:Maxillary hypoplasia
10043:Gingival enlargement
9976:periodontal ligament
9582:Verruciform xanthoma
9314:Condyloma acuminatum
8684:Alphavirus infection
8548:Erythema infectiosum
8325:Progressive vaccinia
8315:Generalized vaccinia
8140:Herpes zoster oticus
7635:Annulare centrifugum
7158:Glucagonoma syndrome
6956:Basal-cell carcinoma
6931:Seborrheic keratosis
6158:Kansenshogaku Zasshi
5758:(Suppl 2): 35Aā39A.
5395:J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.
5363:(Suppl 1): S67āS70.
4957:J. Gen. Intern. Med.
4866:(Suppl 2): 40Aā44A.
4730:Journal of Neurology
4157:. 15 December 2017.
3776:10.5501/wjv.v5.i3.97
3429:on 26 September 2017
3124:10.1099/vir.0.000128
2947:The Lancet Neurology
2852:Journal of Infection
2539:Department of Health
2505:10.1212/WNL.55.5.708
1666:(10053): 1459ā1544.
1339:, meaning "girdle".
1263:Thomas Huckle Weller
1176:psychological stress
1021:Ramsay Hunt syndrome
773:herpes simplex virus
722:psychological stress
704:, low-level, active
678:dorsal root ganglion
662:herpes simplex virus
301:herpes simplex virus
292:poor immune function
271:(inactive) in human
246:poor immune function
140:poor immune function
19:For other uses, see
10908:Perioral dermatitis
10644:Pleomorphic adenoma
10624:Monomorphic adenoma
10614:Canalicular adenoma
10487:Condylar hypoplasia
10420:Condylar resorption
10264:Lateral periodontal
10223:Mandibular fracture
10122:Periodontal abscess
9719:Turner's hypoplasia
9487:Verrucous carcinoma
9436:Morsicatio buccarum
9416:Lupus erythematosus
9329:Erythema multiforme
9245:Stomatitis nicotina
8908:VZV immune globulin
8185:Human herpesvirus 6
7880:Aphthous stomatitis
7817:Lichen planopilaris
7792:Androgenic alopecia
7598:Fixed drug eruption
7173:Pemphigus foliaceus
7073:Granular cell tumor
5862:on 13 January 2008.
5566:Whitley RJ (2005).
5195:2017PLoSO..1279447T
4605:(8912): 1548ā1551.
4047:Can. Fam. Physician
3914:Scientific American
3675:10.1128/CMR.9.3.361
3448:Schmader K (2007).
3118:(Pt 7): 1581ā1602.
1621:(CDC). April 2022.
1523:(CDC). 1 May 2014.
1072:zoster sine herpete
1052:zoster ophthalmicus
1027:Zoster ophthalmicus
996:. Complications in
887:vaccine, Shingrix.
781:zoster sine herpete
682:trigeminal ganglion
626:Electron micrograph
530:. Symptoms include
482:zoster ophthalmicus
421:
401:Zoster sine herpete
298:is not the same as
277:dorsal root ganglia
203:33% (at some point)
10951:Facial hemiatrophy
10805:Periodic breathing
10736:Sjƶgren's syndrome
10609:Basal cell adenoma
10373:Torus mandibularis
10351:Periapical abscess
10334:Osteoradionecrosis
10259:Buccal bifurcation
10238:Intraosseous cysts
10127:Periodontal trauma
10031:Pyogenic granuloma
9878:Supernumerary root
9831:Pulp calcification
9819:Premature eruption
9790:Odontogenic tumors
9587:White sponge nevus
9560:Submucous fibrosis
9504:Smoker's melanosis
9391:Irritation fibroma
9230:High-arched palate
9138:Foliate papillitis
9128:Cunnilingus tongue
9113:Black hairy tongue
9043:Congenital lip pit
8950:Michiaki Takahashi
8663:("German measles")
8477:Bowenoid papulosis
8048:Herpes gladiatorum
7900:Pemphigus vulgaris
7729:Granuloma annulare
7593:Carcinoid syndrome
7478:Tuberous sclerosis
7437:Coccidioidomycosis
7311:Bullous pemphigoid
7306:Pemphigus vulgaris
7238:Secondary syphilis
7128:Contact dermatitis
6809:External resources
6360:A Latin Dictionary
6025:Weller TH (1997).
5850:(3 Suppl): S2ā57.
5720:10.4065/82.11.1341
5015:10.4065/82.11.1341
4907:Epidemiol. Infect.
4881:on 5 December 2019
4090:. 31 August 2021.
3620:Am. J. Otolaryngol
3243:(Suppl 2): 80ā84.
2741:"Viral Infections"
2644:Am. Fam. Physician
2394:Clin. Infect. Dis.
2354:Am. Fam. Physician
2330:Revised June 2005.
1823:(Suppl 1): S1ā26.
1817:Clin. Infect. Dis.
1103:aseptic meningitis
1048:
972:. Of these drugs,
870:chickenpox vaccine
848:contact dermatitis
769:dermatomal pattern
761:
650:
634:
579:periapical lesions
417:
373:
361:
351:Signs and symptoms
100:facial nerve palsy
11015:Betaherpesvirinae
10968:
10967:
10964:
10963:
10921:
10920:
10820:
10819:
10744:
10743:
10649:Sebaceous adenoma
10502:
10501:
10381:
10380:
10292:Median mandibular
10287:Nasopalatine duct
10203:Alveolar osteitis
10167:
10166:
10154:Perio-endo lesion
10036:Congenital epulis
9957:
9956:
9714:Enamel hypoplasia
9595:
9594:
9570:RigaāFede disease
9421:Melanocytic nevus
9361:Hairy leukoplakia
9324:Epulis fissuratum
9258:
9257:
9198:
9197:
9148:Geographic tongue
9086:
9085:
8958:
8957:
8924:Varicella vaccine
8882:Ophthalmic zoster
8788:
8787:
8743:
8742:
8739:
8738:
8709:Coxsackie A virus
8689:Chikungunya fever
8597:
8596:
8553:Reticulocytopenia
8525:
8524:
8414:
8413:
8320:Eczema vaccinatum
8244:
8243:
8197:Exanthema subitum
8168:
8167:
8145:Ophthalmic zoster
8110:B virus infection
8078:Eczema herpeticum
7947:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7787:Telogen effluvium
7751:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7708:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7649:
7648:
7501:
7500:
7369:Lichen spinulosus
7364:Keratosis pilaris
7243:Mycosis fungoides
7143:Stasis dermatitis
7133:Atopic dermatitis
7096:
7095:
6971:Trichoepithelioma
6946:Actinic keratosis
6866:
6865:
6377:Harper, Douglas.
6330:Harper, Douglas.
6259:Harper, Douglas.
6117:(9334): 678ā682.
5907:(10): 1292ā1294.
5714:(11): 1341ā1349.
5659:BMC Public Health
5617:(12): 1157ā1163.
5579:(12): 1999ā2001.
5537:(12): 2002ā2007.
5485:MMWR Recomm. Rep.
5311:10.1002/jmv.21748
5053:(18): 3946ā3952.
5009:(11): 1341ā1349.
4568:(24): 1542ā1546.
4357:(Suppl 1): 3ā11.
4311:(7264): 794ā796.
4054:(10): 1127ā1131.
3996:(11): 1019ā1032.
3934:MMWR Recomm. Rep.
3907:*Lay summary in:
3653:Arvin AM (1996).
3550:Singapore Med. J.
3349:(15): 1605ā1609.
2954:(11): 1015ā1028.
2918:. 30 April 2012.
2693:(7392): 748ā750.
1317:comes from Greek
1180:mechanical trauma
1172:immunosuppression
1134:Eye involvement:
998:immunocompromised
874:shingles vaccines
468:
467:
312:Shingles vaccines
215:
214:
152:Based on symptoms
148:Diagnostic method
35:Medical condition
11052:
10997:
10996:
10995:
10985:
10984:
10976:
10927:
10926:
10826:
10825:
10750:
10749:
10619:Ductal papilloma
10508:
10507:
10387:
10386:
10284:Non-odontogenic:
10269:Globulomaxillary
10208:Buccal exostosis
10173:
10172:
10117:Peri-implantitis
9963:
9962:
9679:Dentin dysplasia
9601:
9600:
9577:Verruca vulgaris
9472:Mucosal melanoma
9319:Darier's disease
9294:BehƧet's disease
9264:
9263:
9220:Bednar's aphthae
9204:
9203:
9092:
9091:
9078:Trumpeter's wart
9000:
8999:
8985:
8978:
8971:
8962:
8961:
8821:Varicella zoster
8815:
8808:
8801:
8792:
8791:
8608:
8607:
8434:
8427:
8426:
8421:Papillomaviridae
8257:
8256:
8234:Kaposi's sarcoma
8202:Roseola vaccinia
8123:
8103:
8058:Herpetic sycosis
8043:Herpetic whitlow
8031:
8024:
8023:
8013:
8012:
8002:
8001:
7993:
7992:
7974:
7967:
7960:
7951:
7950:
7885:Oral candidiasis
7762:
7761:
7660:
7659:
7588:Erythema nodosum
7532:
7531:
7521:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7458:Tinea versicolor
7296:Bullous impetigo
7233:Pityriasis rosea
7168:Lichen sclerosus
7153:Darier's disease
7118:
7117:
7107:
7106:
7063:Kaposi's sarcoma
6909:
6908:
6893:
6886:
6879:
6870:
6869:
6721:
6720:
6698:
6684:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6616:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6562:
6551:
6550:
6532:
6508:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6479:
6453:
6440:
6439:
6429:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6374:
6368:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6327:
6321:
6310:
6309:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6256:
6250:
6239:
6238:
6232:
6226:
6205:
6204:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6173:
6149:
6143:
6142:
6104:
6098:
6097:
6087:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6030:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5975:
5969:
5968:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5858:. Archived from
5834:
5828:
5827:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5772:
5747:
5741:Volpi A (2007).
5738:
5732:
5731:
5708:Mayo Clin. Proc.
5702:
5696:
5695:
5685:
5675:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5588:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5546:
5521:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5458:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5322:
5305:(6): 1007ā1011.
5293:
5280:
5279:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5224:
5206:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5150:(5): 1153ā1156.
5138:
5132:
5131:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5070:
5042:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5003:Mayo Clin. Proc.
4997:
4991:
4990:
4980:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4930:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4874:. Archived from
4855:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4736:(8): 1343ā1345.
4725:
4719:
4718:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4654:(7): 1275ā1279.
4637:
4631:
4630:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4531:(8): 1507ā1511.
4518:
4512:
4511:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4468:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4188:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4119:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4037:
4026:
4025:
4015:
4005:
3981:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3906:
3888:
3878:
3869:(1): e20182917.
3854:
3848:
3847:
3837:
3826:10.4065/84.3.274
3805:
3799:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3659:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3546:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3511:(9): 1759ā1816.
3494:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3425:. Archived from
3415:
3409:
3408:
3378:
3367:
3366:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3286:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3252:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3157:Viral Immunology
3152:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3068:
3042:
3033:
3020:
3019:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2781:Glick M (2014).
2778:
2763:
2762:
2736:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2676:
2665:
2664:
2651:(9): 1723ā1730.
2634:
2628:
2627:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2435:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2369:. Archived from
2344:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2191: 10696631.
2179:(12): CD005582.
2168:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2073:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1854:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1807:
1788:
1787:
1778: 10542961.
1758:(10): CD008858.
1746:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1513:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1449:
1338:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1253:confirmed this.
1243:William Heberden
1182:and exposure to
1136:trigeminal nerve
1107:facial paralysis
935:pain medications
932:over-the-counter
783:
514:, also known as
487:orbit of the eye
477:trigeminal nerve
464:
457:
450:
443:
422:
416:
220:, also known as
181:Shingles vaccine
58:
38:
37:
11060:
11059:
11055:
11054:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11049:
11005:
11004:
11003:
10993:
10991:
10979:
10971:
10969:
10960:
10932:
10917:
10873:Ludwig's angina
10834:
10816:
10775:Mouth breathing
10761:
10740:
10561:Pneumoparotitis
10534:Frey's syndrome
10515:
10513:Salivary glands
10498:
10406:
10377:
10356:Phoenix abscess
10189:
10185:hard tissues ā
10163:
10085:Hypercementosis
10004:Cementoblastoma
9990:
9953:
9667:Dens evaginatus
9621:
9591:
9543:Denture-related
9528:Plasmoacanthoma
9454:Keratoacanthoma
9275:
9273:Lining of mouth
9254:
9250:Torus palatinus
9211:
9194:
9175:Lingual thyroid
9133:Fissured tongue
9123:Crenated tongue
9099:
9082:
9068:Nasolabial cyst
9053:Herpes labialis
9007:
8994:
8989:
8959:
8954:
8938:
8912:
8886:
8840:
8822:
8819:
8789:
8784:
8765:LipschĆ¼tz ulcer
8735:
8693:
8668:
8633:
8613:Paramyxoviridae
8593:
8564:
8521:
8501:
8430:
8410:
8380:
8356:Milker's nodule
8336:
8288:Monkeypox virus
8240:
8213:
8164:
8119:
8114:
8097:
8092:
8027:
7987:
7981:Skin infections
7978:
7948:
7939:
7871:
7864:
7831:
7797:Alopecia areata
7775:
7757:
7743:
7700:
7679:
7655:
7645:
7602:
7561:
7547:Viral exanthems
7525:
7509:
7507:
7497:
7468:Pityriasis alba
7446:
7388:
7330:
7267:
7187:
7183:Zinc deficiency
7113:
7111:
7092:
7020:
7011:
6975:
6966:Nevus sebaceous
6900:
6897:
6867:
6862:
6861:
6804:
6803:
6732:
6707:
6699:
6691:
6675:(10): 656ā663.
6659:
6657:Further reading
6654:
6653:
6645:
6614:
6608:
6604:
6563:
6554:
6509:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6470:(7): e529ā534.
6454:
6443:
6412:(10): 928ā930.
6396:
6392:
6375:
6371:
6365:Perseus Project
6349:
6345:
6328:
6324:
6304:
6300:
6290:
6288:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6257:
6253:
6233:
6229:
6223:Perseus Project
6199:
6195:
6150:
6146:
6105:
6101:
6054:
6050:
6043:
6023:
6019:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5990:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5932:
5928:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5871:
5867:
5835:
5831:
5790:
5786:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5745:
5739:
5735:
5703:
5699:
5650:
5646:
5606:
5602:
5573:J. Infect. Dis.
5564:
5560:
5531:J. Infect. Dis.
5522:
5518:
5506:
5476:
5472:
5443:Arch. Dermatol.
5434:
5430:
5390:
5386:
5357:J. Infect. Dis.
5348:
5344:
5294:
5283:
5247:Curr. Rev. Pain
5242:
5238:
5189:(8): e0179447.
5175:
5171:
5144:J. Infect. Dis.
5139:
5135:
5108:J. Infect. Dis.
5103:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5040:
5034:
5030:
4998:
4994:
4948:
4944:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4853:
4847:
4840:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4769:
4765:
4726:
4722:
4689:
4685:
4638:
4634:
4593:
4589:
4556:
4552:
4519:
4515:
4494:(3): CD006852.
4486:
4482:
4451:(2): CD006866.
4435:
4431:
4390:
4386:
4351:Eur. J. Neurol.
4346:
4342:
4295:
4291:
4259:
4250:
4238:
4230:
4228:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4181:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4097:
4095:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4038:
4029:
3990:N. Engl. J. Med
3982:
3975:
3963:
3955:
3953:
3925:
3921:
3916:. 11 June 2019.
3908:
3855:
3851:
3806:
3802:
3755:
3751:
3711:
3707:
3699:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3616:
3612:
3580:
3576:
3568:
3544:
3538:
3534:
3495:
3491:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3430:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3379:
3370:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3250:10.1.1.415.2755
3231:
3227:
3204:10.1002/rmv.362
3188:
3184:
3153:
3149:
3104:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3040:
3034:
3023:
2990:
2983:
2942:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2884:
2880:
2847:
2843:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2779:
2766:
2755:
2737:
2724:
2677:
2668:
2635:
2631:
2620:
2604:
2600:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2487:
2483:
2436:
2423:
2385:
2378:
2345:
2334:
2323:
2321:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2269:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2208:
2204:
2169:
2162:
2131:(2): CD006866.
2117:
2113:
2074:
2063:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2007:. 20 April 2018
1999:
1998:
1994:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1907:
1900:
1855:
1846:
1808:
1791:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1719:
1701:
1697:
1652:
1648:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1563:
1550:
1538:
1530:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1503:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1450:
1405:
1400:
1345:
1295:
1227:
1157:
1151:
1086:and cause many
1064:
1029:
1013:Corticosteroids
1010:
966:Antiviral drugs
963:
928:
915:
866:
860:
832:
753:
660:related to the
619:
617:Pathophysiology
587:
543:mucous membrane
518:, involves the
512:Shingles oticus
473:
353:
36:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11058:
11048:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11032:
11030:Viral diseases
11027:
11022:
11017:
11002:
11001:
10989:
10966:
10965:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10941:Eagle syndrome
10937:
10934:
10933:
10923:
10922:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10863:Cystic hygroma
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10822:
10821:
10818:
10817:
10815:
10814:
10809:
10808:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10777:
10772:
10766:
10763:
10762:
10746:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10739:
10738:
10733:
10731:Sialolithiasis
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10707:
10706:
10701:
10691:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10662:Adenocarcinoma
10659:
10651:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10629:Myoepithelioma
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10558:
10557:
10556:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10520:
10517:
10516:
10504:
10503:
10500:
10499:
10497:
10496:
10495:
10494:
10489:
10479:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10411:
10408:
10407:
10383:
10382:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10337:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10305:
10304:
10302:Traumatic bone
10299:
10297:Median palatal
10294:
10289:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10194:
10191:
10190:
10169:
10168:
10165:
10164:
10162:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10108:
10107:
10097:
10092:
10090:Hypocementosis
10087:
10082:
10077:
10076:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10039:
10038:
10033:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10012:
10011:
10001:
9995:
9992:
9991:
9959:
9958:
9955:
9954:
9952:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9924:
9923:
9922:
9912:
9911:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9839:
9838:
9828:
9827:
9826:
9824:Neonatal teeth
9816:
9811:
9810:
9809:
9799:
9798:
9797:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9771:
9770:
9760:
9759:
9758:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9722:
9721:
9711:
9706:
9704:Ectopic enamel
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9675:
9674:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9653:
9652:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9626:
9623:
9622:
9597:
9596:
9593:
9592:
9590:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9573:
9572:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9551:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9519:
9518:
9508:
9507:
9506:
9499:Oral melanosis
9496:
9491:
9490:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9456:
9451:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9299:Bohn's nodules
9296:
9291:
9286:
9284:Amalgam tattoo
9280:
9277:
9276:
9260:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9216:
9213:
9212:
9200:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9088:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9012:
9009:
9008:
8996:
8995:
8988:
8987:
8980:
8973:
8965:
8956:
8955:
8953:
8952:
8946:
8944:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8931:
8929:Zoster vaccine
8926:
8920:
8918:
8914:
8913:
8911:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8894:
8892:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8836:Varicellovirus
8832:
8830:
8824:
8823:
8818:
8817:
8810:
8803:
8795:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8751:
8749:
8745:
8744:
8741:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8722:
8721:
8716:
8705:
8703:
8700:Picornaviridae
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8686:
8680:
8678:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8658:
8645:
8643:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8630:
8629:
8618:
8616:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8576:
8574:
8571:Polyomaviridae
8566:
8565:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8542:Parvovirus B19
8537:
8535:
8527:
8526:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8515:Equine sarcoid
8506:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8499:
8494:
8492:Pigmented wart
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8472:Butcher's wart
8469:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8452:
8450:Heck's disease
8447:
8437:
8435:
8424:
8416:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8388:
8386:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8348:
8346:
8338:
8337:
8335:
8334:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8305:Vaccinia virus
8302:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8278:
8267:
8265:
8254:
8246:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8236:
8225:
8223:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8199:
8180:
8178:
8170:
8169:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8126:
8124:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8106:
8104:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8068:Genital herpes
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8038:Herpes simplex
8034:
8032:
8021:
8010:
7999:
7989:
7988:
7977:
7976:
7969:
7962:
7954:
7945:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7920:Coxsackievirus
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7876:
7874:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7841:
7839:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7666:
7664:
7657:
7651:
7650:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7637:
7632:
7630:Gyratum repens
7627:
7622:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7569:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7559:
7554:
7552:Toxic erythema
7549:
7544:
7542:Drug eruptions
7538:
7536:
7529:
7518:
7511:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7496:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7398:
7396:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7379:Lichen nitidus
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7338:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7281:Herpes simplex
7277:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7203:
7197:
7195:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7115:
7104:
7098:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7024:
7022:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6917:
6915:
6906:
6902:
6901:
6896:
6895:
6888:
6881:
6873:
6864:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6848:
6825:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6801:
6790:
6779:
6764:
6749:
6733:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:Classification
6718:
6717:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:External links
6687:
6686:
6685:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6602:
6575:(1ā2): 29ā36.
6552:
6530:10.1086/591129
6523:(6): 783ā789.
6503:
6441:
6390:
6369:
6343:
6322:
6298:
6272:
6251:
6227:
6193:
6164:(8): 908ā912.
6144:
6099:
6048:
6042:978-0306448553
6041:
6017:
6000:
5970:
5943:(2): 340ā346.
5926:
5890:
5884:978-0521660242
5883:
5865:
5829:
5802:(7): 641ā645.
5784:
5733:
5697:
5644:
5623:10.1086/591975
5600:
5586:10.1086/430328
5558:
5544:10.1086/430325
5516:
5491:(RRā4): 1ā40.
5470:
5449:(5): 603ā608.
5428:
5401:(8): 973ā977.
5384:
5370:10.1086/514254
5342:
5299:J. Med. Virol.
5281:
5236:
5169:
5133:
5114:(2): 314ā318.
5097:
5028:
4992:
4963:(8): 748ā753.
4942:
4913:(2): 305ā314.
4892:
4838:
4817:10.1086/512639
4811:(4): 430ā434.
4794:
4763:
4720:
4701:(7): 393ā397.
4683:
4632:
4587:
4550:
4513:
4480:
4429:
4384:
4340:
4289:
4248:
4208:
4172:
4142:
4106:
4075:
4027:
3973:
3919:
3849:
3820:(3): 274ā280.
3814:Mayo Clin Proc
3800:
3749:
3722:(3): 155ā157.
3716:J. Med. Virol.
3705:
3669:(3): 361ā381.
3645:
3626:(5): 357ā360.
3610:
3591:(5): 775ā778.
3574:
3532:
3489:
3440:
3410:
3368:
3331:
3297:(2): 194ā204.
3272:
3225:
3198:(5): 327ā334.
3182:
3163:(3): 243ā258.
3147:
3095:
3051:(3): 103ā108.
3021:
2981:
2933:
2903:
2897:978-0721629216
2896:
2878:
2859:(3): 281ā293.
2841:
2820:(9955): 1698.
2800:
2794:978-1607951889
2793:
2764:
2754:978-1437721973
2753:
2722:
2666:
2629:
2619:978-0702046957
2618:
2598:
2577:(2): 214ā219.
2552:
2526:
2499:(5): 708ā710.
2481:
2421:
2407:10.1086/421942
2400:(3): 342ā348.
2376:
2332:
2286:
2268:978-1437735932
2267:
2245:
2202:
2160:
2111:
2084:(2): 265ā271.
2061:
2018:
1992:
1952:
1898:
1869:(4): 109ā120.
1844:
1830:10.1086/510206
1789:
1736:
1718:978-8131238004
1717:
1695:
1646:
1606:
1577:(3): 255ā263.
1548:
1501:
1473:978-0990449119
1472:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1384:herpes simplex
1382:was caused by
1378:believed that
1344:
1341:
1294:
1291:
1247:Richard Bright
1226:
1223:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1084:nervous system
1063:
1060:
1050:Treatment for
1028:
1025:
1017:long-term pain
1009:
1006:
962:
959:
927:
924:
914:
911:
864:Zoster vaccine
862:Main article:
859:
856:
836:herpes simplex
831:
828:
824:viral cultures
810:test has high
752:
749:
690:herpes simplex
618:
615:
586:
583:
491:conjunctivitis
472:
469:
466:
465:
458:
451:
444:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
412:serous exudate
352:
349:
281:cranial nerves
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
190:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
165:, chest pain,
163:Herpes simplex
160:
154:
153:
150:
144:
143:
136:
130:
129:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
93:
87:
86:
83:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11057:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11036:
11033:
11031:
11028:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11000:
10990:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10938:
10935:
10928:
10924:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10843:Actinomycosis
10841:
10840:
10837:
10833:
10827:
10823:
10813:
10810:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10782:
10781:
10778:
10776:
10773:
10771:
10768:
10767:
10764:
10760:
10756:
10751:
10747:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10721:Sialodochitis
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10555:
10552:
10551:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10521:
10518:
10514:
10509:
10505:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10484:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10432:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10412:
10409:
10405:
10401:
10400:malocclusions
10397:
10393:
10388:
10384:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10368:Stafne defect
10366:
10364:
10361:
10357:
10354:
10353:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10320:
10319:Osteonecrosis
10317:
10315:
10314:Osteomyelitis
10312:
10310:
10307:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10241:
10240:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10195:
10192:
10188:
10187:Bones of jaws
10184:
10180:
10174:
10170:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10132:Periodontitis
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10112:Pericoronitis
10110:
10106:
10103:
10102:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10068:Granulomatous
10066:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10021:Eruption cyst
10019:
10017:
10014:
10010:
10007:
10006:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9993:
9989:
9985:
9981:
9977:
9973:
9969:
9964:
9960:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9929:
9928:
9925:
9921:
9918:
9917:
9916:
9913:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9890:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9848:Pulp necrosis
9846:
9844:
9841:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9832:
9829:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9808:
9807:Dens in dente
9805:
9804:
9803:
9800:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9769:
9766:
9765:
9764:
9761:
9757:
9754:
9753:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9720:
9717:
9716:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9699:Discoloration
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9669:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9651:
9648:
9647:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9602:
9598:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9571:
9568:
9567:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9517:
9514:
9513:
9512:
9509:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9406:Lichen planus
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9381:Herpes zoster
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9356:Fordyce spots
9354:
9352:
9349:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9334:Erythroplakia
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9265:
9261:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9217:
9214:
9210:
9205:
9201:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9118:Caviar tongue
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9108:Ankyloglossia
9106:
9105:
9102:
9098:
9093:
9089:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9073:Sun poisoning
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9010:
9006:
9001:
8997:
8993:
8986:
8981:
8979:
8974:
8972:
8967:
8966:
8963:
8951:
8948:
8947:
8945:
8941:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8921:
8919:
8915:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8857:Herpes zoster
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8837:
8834:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8825:
8816:
8811:
8809:
8804:
8802:
8797:
8796:
8793:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8711:
8710:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8701:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8677:
8676:
8671:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8650:Rubella virus
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8641:
8640:Matonaviridae
8636:
8628:
8625:
8624:
8623:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8600:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8516:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8504:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8487:Verruca plana
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8422:
8417:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8393:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8383:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8353:
8350:
8349:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8333:
8330:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8263:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8252:
8247:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8222:
8221:
8216:
8210:
8207:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8186:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8176:
8171:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8135:Herpes zoster
8133:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8117:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8095:
8089:
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8059:
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8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8007:Herpesviridae
8003:
8000:
7998:
7994:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7975:
7970:
7968:
7963:
7961:
7956:
7955:
7952:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7890:Lichen planus
7888:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7845:Onychomycosis
7843:
7842:
7840:
7838:
7834:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7807:Tinea capitis
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7763:
7760:
7756:Miscellaneous
7754:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7711:
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7694:
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7689:
7688:
7686:
7682:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
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7665:
7661:
7658:
7654:Nonblanchable
7652:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
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7615:
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7609:
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7504:
7494:
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7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7451:Hypopigmented
7449:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7402:Acne vulgaris
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7354:Lichen planus
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7286:Herpes zoster
7284:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7258:Parapsoriasis
7256:
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6213:Scott, Robert
6210:
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5901:Arch. Neurol.
5894:
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5512:public domain
5502:
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4647:Br. J. Cancer
4643:
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4562:
4554:
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4524:Ophthalmology
4517:
4509:
4505:
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4462:
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4244:public domain
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3969:public domain
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3769:(3): 97ā124.
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3763:World J Virol
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3556:(2): e59ā60.
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2214:Herpes zoster
2206:
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2057:public domain
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1320:Ī¶ĻĻĻĪ®Ļ zÅstÄr
1316:
1300:
1299:herpesviruses
1290:
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1268:
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1259:cell cultures
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879:
875:
871:
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853:
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845:
841:
837:
827:
825:
821:
820:real-time PCR
818:. The latest
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
790:
785:
782:
776:
774:
770:
766:
757:
748:
746:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
713:immune system
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:animal models
693:
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638:
631:
627:
623:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
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582:
580:
576:
575:pulp necrosis
572:
571:periodontitis
568:
564:
563:osteonecrosis
560:
557:
553:
549:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
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424:
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415:
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404:
402:
398:
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389:
387:
383:
379:
378:hyperesthesia
370:
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348:
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336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
309:
307:
306:herpesviruses
303:
302:
297:
293:
289:
288:ancient times
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
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239:
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231:
227:
226:viral disease
223:
222:herpes zoster
219:
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105:
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97:
94:
92:
91:Complications
88:
84:
82:
78:
75:
72:
70:
66:
61:
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52:
49:Herpes zoster
48:
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39:
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10694:Sialadenitis
10653:
10605:
10470:Scissor bite
10465:Retrognathia
10450:Overeruption
10430:Malocclusion
10403:
10283:
10242:
10233:Micrognathia
10186:
10177:Periapical,
10063:Desquamative
9987:
9968:Periodontium
9942:Acid erosion
9883:Taurodontism
9814:Open contact
9726:Enamel pearl
9694:Dilaceration
9657:Concrescence
9458:
9445:
9272:
9225:Cleft palate
9185:Microglossia
9180:Macroglossia
9165:Glossoptosis
9063:Microcheilia
9058:Macrocheilia
8698:
8673:
8648:
8638:
8611:
8579:
8569:
8540:
8532:Parvoviridae
8530:
8455:Genital wart
8445:plantar wart
8419:
8392:Yatapoxvirus
8366:Pseudocowpox
8352:Farmyard pox
8341:
8260:
8249:
8218:
8191:Roseolovirus
8189:
8183:
8173:
8134:
8098:
8016:
8005:
7860:Ingrown nail
7432:Dermatophyte
7427:Gonococcemia
7412:Folliculitis
7053:Neurofibroma
7021:subcutaneous
6850:
6827:
6816:
6792:
6781:
6766:
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6668:
6625:(3): 85ā88.
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6572:
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6506:
6494:. Retrieved
6467:
6461:
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6382:
6372:
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6301:
6289:. Retrieved
6275:
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6061:
6051:
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6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5982:
5973:
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5935:
5929:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5874:
5868:
5860:the original
5847:
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5832:
5799:
5794:
5787:
5775:. Retrieved
5755:
5749:
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5245:
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5147:
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5136:
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5100:
5088:. Retrieved
5050:
5044:
5031:
5006:
5001:
4995:
4960:
4955:
4945:
4910:
4905:
4895:
4883:. Retrieved
4876:the original
4863:
4857:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4777:Merck Manual
4776:
4766:
4733:
4729:
4723:
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4692:
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4302:
4292:
4267:
4262:
4229:. Retrieved
4211:
4199:. Retrieved
4190:
4163:. Retrieved
4154:
4145:
4133:. Retrieved
4109:
4096:. Retrieved
4087:
4078:
4051:
4045:
3993:
3989:
3954:. Retrieved
3937:
3932:
3922:
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3866:
3862:
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3443:
3433:25 September
3431:. Retrieved
3427:the original
3422:
3413:
3391:(1): 26ā33.
3388:
3382:
3346:
3340:
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3288:
3275:
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3185:
3160:
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3150:
3115:
3111:
3086:. Retrieved
3048:
3044:
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2993:
2951:
2945:
2924:. Retrieved
2906:
2887:
2881:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2783:
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2648:
2642:
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2608:
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2574:
2568:
2543:. Retrieved
2538:
2529:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2449:
2443:
2397:
2392:
2371:the original
2358:
2352:
2322:. Retrieved
2308:(3): 21ā25.
2305:
2301:FDA Consumer
2299:
2289:
2279:11 September
2277:. Retrieved
2258:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2219:
2213:
2205:
2176:
2172:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2081:
2077:
2042:. Retrieved
2009:. Retrieved
2004:
1995:
1973:. Retrieved
1955:
1920:
1914:
1866:
1862:
1820:
1815:
1755:
1751:
1729:11 September
1727:. Retrieved
1708:
1698:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1627:. Retrieved
1609:
1574:
1570:
1529:. Retrieved
1482:. Retrieved
1458:
1392:brain biopsy
1380:encephalitis
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1324:
1314:
1310:ĪĻĻĻ herpein
1304:ĪĻĻĪ·Ļ herpÄs
1296:
1286:
1282:
1278:Hope-Simpson
1275:
1271:
1267:Evelyn Nicol
1255:
1228:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:immunotoxins
1169:
1165:
1158:
1149:Epidemiology
1123:
1115:
1111:encephalitis
1095:polyneuritis
1091:neuropathies
1075:
1071:
1065:
1049:
1039:, from top:
1011:
978:valaciclovir
964:
929:
916:
904:
900:
890:A review by
889:
867:
833:
803:
786:
777:
762:
742:
738:
734:inflammation
710:
694:
686:
651:
611:encephalitis
595:skin lesions
590:
588:
540:
532:hearing loss
524:facial nerve
511:
510:
480:
474:
418:
405:
400:
393:
390:
374:
337:
310:
299:
295:
285:
258:
221:
217:
216:
167:insect bites
134:Risk factors
85:Painful rash
32:
10888:Microstomia
10878:Macrostomia
10868:Gnathophyma
10785:Catathrenia
10780:Sleep apnea
10711:Sialectasis
10254:Dentigerous
10244:Odontogenic
10073:Plasma cell
10009:Gigantiform
9785:Microdontia
9775:Macrodontia
9746:Hyperdontia
9441:Oral cancer
9401:Leukoplakia
9309:Candidiasis
9269:Oral mucosa
9190:Rhabdomyoma
9170:Hypoglossia
9031:Plasma cell
8675:Togaviridae
7915:Herpesvirus
7895:Leukoplakia
7720:Scleroderma
7607:Specialized
7535:Generalized
7510:involvement
7422:Candidiasis
7114:involvement
7088:Myxoid cyst
6936:Acrochordon
6818:MedlinePlus
6070:(1): 9ā20.
5777:18 December
5254:(1): 7ā11.
5090:3 September
4885:16 December
3585:Am. J. Med.
2452:(1): 9ā20.
1161:infectivity
1002:intravenous
994:acute phase
982:famciclovir
852:candidiasis
812:sensitivity
711:Unless the
503:optic nerve
382:paresthesia
325:Paracetamol
273:nerve cells
256:may occur.
254:vision loss
74:Dermatology
46:Other names
11020:Chickenpox
11009:Categories
10848:Angioedema
10654:Malignant:
10634:Oncocytoma
10460:Prognathia
10249:periapical
10228:Microgenia
10179:mandibular
10137:Aggressive
10058:Gingivitis
9999:Cementicle
9937:Abfraction
9927:Tooth wear
9920:Edentulism
9915:Tooth loss
9868:Resorption
9853:Pulp polyp
9836:Pulp stone
9780:Meth mouth
9751:Hypodontia
9741:Gemination
9672:Talon cusp
9565:Ulceration
9533:Stomatitis
9511:Pemphigoid
9459:Malignant:
9411:Linea alba
9396:Leukoedema
9376:Herpangina
9344:Giant-cell
8917:Prevention
8903:Vidarabine
8852:Chickenpox
8719:Herpangina
8332:Buffalopox
8251:Poxviridae
8130:Chickenpox
7855:Paronychia
7696:Vasculitis
7620:Multiforme
7618:Erythema (
7573:Cellulitis
7524:Blanchable
7273:Blistering
7263:Ichthyosis
7121:Eczematous
7033:Hemangioma
6852:Patient UK
6794:DiseasesDB
6379:"shingles"
6110:The Lancet
5983:legacy.com
5320:2108/15842
5068:10029/5604
4598:The Lancet
4231:18 January
3863:Pediatrics
3816:(Review).
3765:(Review).
3419:"Shingles"
2220:StatPearls
2030:"Overview"
1398:References
1376:clinicians
1239:erysipelas
1153:See also:
986:prevention
961:Antivirals
955:gabapentin
926:Analgesics
882:adjuvanted
858:Prevention
808:Nested PCR
666:chickenpox
567:tooth loss
265:chickenpox
238:nerve pain
188:Medication
177:Prevention
96:Meningitis
10716:Sialocele
10699:Parotitis
10440:Open bite
10435:Crossbite
10213:Cherubism
10183:maxillary
10016:Cementoma
9947:Attrition
9763:Impaction
9731:Fluorosis
9640:Anodontia
9635:Ankylosis
9523:Pemphigus
9143:Glossitis
9038:Cleft lip
9016:Cheilitis
8934:Pox party
8898:Aciclovir
8891:Treatment
8748:Ungrouped
8603:RNA virus
8293:Monkeypox
8073:Cold sore
7997:DNA virus
7850:Psoriasis
7758:disorders
7713:Indurated
7614:Urticaria
7566:Localized
7508:epidermal
7291:Varicella
7201:Psoriasis
7112:epidermal
7078:Leiomyoma
6980:Pigmented
6913:Epidermal
6840:emerg/823
6829:eMedicine
6631:1344-6304
6539:1058-4838
6405:Neurology
6312: in
6241: in
6180:0387-5911
5993:28 August
5213:1932-6203
4787:14 August
4165:9 January
4135:9 January
4098:9 October
3956:4 January
3903:184486904
3245:CiteSeerX
3088:9 January
2492:Neurology
2324:5 January
1772:1469-493X
1484:9 January
1293:Etymology
1062:Prognosis
1041:exudative
974:aciclovir
951:lidocaine
947:capsaicin
918:cleared,
913:Treatment
751:Diagnosis
706:infection
680:) or the
672:) in the
658:DNA virus
607:hepatitis
552:toothache
495:keratitis
408:vesicular
386:dermatome
317:aciclovir
230:skin rash
200:Frequency
193:Aciclovir
138:Old age,
117:2ā4 weeks
104:keratitis
69:Specialty
10999:Medicine
10726:Sialosis
10677:Lymphoma
10549:Mucocele
10445:Overbite
10198:Agnathia
10159:Teething
9984:alveolus
9980:cementum
9932:Abrasion
9908:Occlusal
9893:Avulsion
9858:Pulpitis
9802:Odontoma
9548:Herpetic
9538:Aphthous
9048:Eclabium
8845:Diseases
8310:Vaccinia
8281:Alastrim
8276:Smallpox
7925:Syphilis
7872:membrane
7527:Erythema
7463:Vitiligo
7417:Impetigo
7394:Pustular
7359:Miliaria
7207:Corporis
7058:Xanthoma
7007:Melanoma
6987:Freckles
6857:Shingles
6837:derm/180
6834:med/1007
6681:29431387
6643:Archived
6639:12195049
6589:22138027
6547:18680414
6490:Archived
6486:23566589
6436:23999562
6355:cingulum
6351:cingulus
6332:"zoster"
6291:14 March
6285:Archived
6261:"herpes"
6139:28385365
6131:12241874
6094:14267505
5987:Archived
5965:28771357
5957:13064265
5921:10520948
5856:17488884
5824:25626718
5816:11465834
5768:Archived
5764:17939894
5728:17976353
5692:15960856
5639:21934553
5631:18999945
5595:15897983
5553:15897984
5501:Archived
5497:17585291
5465:18490586
5337:31667542
5329:20419815
5276:37086354
5268:10998709
5231:28829784
5183:PLOS ONE
5081:Archived
5077:16564115
5023:17976353
4987:16050886
4937:11693508
4872:17939895
4833:20844136
4825:17385149
4781:Archived
4758:26443976
4750:19434442
4678:15328522
4545:10919899
4508:18646170
4475:24500927
4466:10583132
4416:24113666
4379:24555396
4371:15061819
4335:11009518
4284:18021865
4225:Archived
4195:Archived
4159:Archived
4126:Archived
4092:Archived
4088:NHS (UK)
4070:21998225
4022:27626517
3950:Archived
3946:18528318
3895:31182552
3844:19252116
3795:27563537
3744:24215093
3697:Archived
3640:15334402
3566:Archived
3562:18301829
3484:17631237
3405:14720565
3323:Archived
3311:12707850
3267:12491156
3220:34582060
3212:12211045
3177:14583142
3142:25794504
3079:Archived
3075:29370152
3016:18021864
2968:17945155
2920:Archived
2873:26073188
2836:24999086
2759:Archived
2717:12676845
2661:Archived
2657:12449270
2624:Archived
2593:26096121
2521:29270135
2513:10980741
2476:14267505
2416:15307000
2367:10794584
2318:Archived
2314:11458545
2273:Archived
2232:Archived
2228:28722854
2197:38050854
2155:24500927
2146:10583132
2106:46480440
2098:26865048
2038:Archived
2011:25 April
1969:Archived
1947:35340552
1893:26478818
1839:17143845
1784:37781954
1723:Archived
1690:27733281
1623:Archived
1601:23863052
1525:Archived
1478:Archived
1343:Research
1336:cingulum
1330:cingulus
1325:shingles
1235:ergotism
1231:smallpox
1099:myelitis
1044:erythema
1008:Steroids
990:HIV/AIDS
943:morphine
939:calamine
892:Cochrane
844:impetigo
804:in vitro
792:antibody
559:necrosis
556:ischemic
321:steroids
234:tingling
218:Shingles
114:Duration
81:Symptoms
41:Shingles
10987:Viruses
10973:Portals
10812:Snoring
10770:Bruxism
10606:Benign:
10455:Overjet
10415:Bruxism
10309:Osteoma
10147:Chronic
9972:gingiva
9446:Benign:
9339:Fibroma
9026:Angular
9021:Actinic
8656:Rubella
8627:Measles
8396:Tanapox
8376:Sealpox
8271:Variola
8100:B virus
7985:viruses
7724:morphea
7684:Papular
7663:Macular
7656:Purpura
7640:Ab igne
7625:Migrans
7578:Abscess
7506:Without
7488:Leprosy
7407:Rosacea
7344:Scabies
7336:Papular
7205:Tinea (
7193:Scaling
6997:Melasma
6992:Lentigo
6905:Growths
6846:ped/996
6843:oph/257
6788:D006562
6597:3321888
6496:2 March
6427:3885217
6314:Liddell
6243:Liddell
6221:at the
6188:7594784
6085:1898279
5683:1177968
5423:7583608
5415:9706885
5379:9852978
5222:5567491
5191:Bibcode
5164:1308664
5128:3335810
5046:Vaccine
4978:1490195
4928:2869750
4715:6979711
4669:2409892
4619:7802767
4582:3012334
4424:5296437
4201:10 June
4061:3192074
3886:7748320
3835:2664599
3786:4981827
3736:9515761
3693:8809466
3605:3022586
3527:3018124
3475:4859150
3363:7618983
3319:5964582
3133:4635449
3066:5812314
2976:6691444
2708:1125653
2545:9 March
2467:1898279
2238:10 June
1938:8941701
1884:4591524
1681:5388903
1629:10 June
1592:4789101
1466:(CDC).
1388:autopsy
1307:, from
1225:History
1088:cranial
1056:prodrug
1037:Serbian
885:subunit
726:virions
702:chronic
674:ganglia
536:vertigo
526:to the
506:palsies
499:uveitis
333:opioids
269:dormant
224:, is a
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