Shintō Musō-ryū

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lines of SMR. The oldest of the two was in Fukuoka, now under the leadership of Otofuji. The other line was based in Tokyo, and was under the leadership of Shimizu. Takayama, the most senior of the three students of Shiraishi, died in 1938, leaving Shimizu with a position of great influence in the SMR. That position lasted until his death in 1978. Although Otofuji was one of Shiraishi's top students, he was unable to assume the role that Shimizu had held in Tokyo. By the 1970s the Tokyo and Fukuoka SMR communities had developed into separate branches with their own leaders. Unlike Otofuji, Shimizu was a senior of both the Fukuoka and Tokyo SMR, with great knowledge and influence over both. With Shimizu's death, Otofuji was not in a strong enough position to claim authority over the Tokyo SMR and no sort of agreement could be made over who should succeed Shimizu. Otofuji remained the leader of Kyushu SMR until his death in 1998.

1928: 381: 642:

to get very close to the opponent and then to control the opponent's arms or hands. The staff can be used in a manner that enables the wielder to defeat the opponent without killing him. Common methods include controlling the opponent's hands, wrists, and other targets by using the staff to either strike, thrust or otherwise manipulate the target-areas. When applicable, more lethal strikes are aimed at the opponent's more vital areas such as the head, solar plexus and

752:

strikes or thrusts to the head the student is taught not to use full force but to halt the staff within a few centimeters of the respective left or right temples or other parts of the head. Other less sensitive areas on the human body do make contact with the staff, though with much reduced force. The practice of forms and techniques is conducted under the supervision of a senior student who ensures the techniques and forms are proper and within safety margins.

42: 469: 527: 399:), Gonnosuke would eventually cross paths with the famous swordsman Miyamoto Musashi. The two men fought a duel in which Musashi defeated Gonnosuke with relative ease. Gonnosuke, a proud warrior who according to the stories had never been defeated, was deeply shocked by his defeat and retired to a cave for meditation and reflection. This period of isolation led him to create a set of techniques for the 2077: 1991:) into the various branches of Shintō Musō-ryū and were meant to be practiced alongside the main jō forms. But, for all intents and purposes, each of the fuzoku ryūha retain a separate identity with their own history and tradition and are generally not taught to people outside the SMR-tradition. Over the years several lineages of Gonnosuke's original art have added or dropped other fuzoku ryūha. 1884:

Naginata as the primary weapon, there are techniques with the jō that simulates a scenario where the naginata has been cut in two and the wielder has to defend himself with the staff-portion only. With the onset of peace with the start of the Edo-period (1603–1867), the conflicts with heavy armored warriors became a thing of the past. In this era, the jō art would come into its own against non-

2154: 1971:(wide trousers used by samurai). The type of clothing worn is not universal for all Shintō Musō-ryū dōjōs. In some dōjōs, which in addition to jōdō may also have aikidō practitioners, the white keikogi and regular white trousers are allowed. All-white keikogi and Hakama are also used in various dōjo and/or on special occasions such as public demonstrations or competitions. 761: 655: 1927: 1948:) starts with the attacker, called uchidachi, attacking the defender (shidachi), who in turn defeats the opponent. In a few of the kata, the bokken is used in tandem with the kodachi, but most forms require only the kodachi or bokken. In addition to the sword training provided in jō kata, an addition of twelve kenjutsu-kata is found in SMR. 610:, an old school with a traditional way of teaching, SMR relies on verbal instructions (as opposed to the detailed manuals of the more modern era) in order to teach the large majority of the practical applications in the art. The teacher-student relationship is very important to koryu-arts. The training forms ( 874:) martial arts. Forms are used as a way to teach advanced techniques and maneuvers through a series of scripted movements and actions against one or several opponents. In the majority of the old martial arts, forms are at the center of the art with little or no sparring as compared to modern martial arts ( 2267:

After receiving an invitation from the Tokyo martial arts scene to perform a demonstration of SMR, Shimizu and Takayama established a Tokyo SMR group which held a close working relationship with martial arts supporters such as Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo. Shiraishi died in 1927, leaving two main

2247:

After the death of Takaji Shimizu in 1978, SMR in Tokyo was left without a clear leader or appointed successor. This led to a splintering of the SMR dōjos in Japan, and eventually all over the world. With no single organization or individual with complete authority over SMR as a whole, several of the

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long (3.6 meters) and the attached weight can be thrown against an opponent's weapon, hands or body, either disarming him or otherwise preventing him from properly defending himself against the kama. In some kata, the iron weight is thrown directly at the attackers body causing injury or stunning the

1446:

The Jōdō Section of the All Japan Kendo Federation has adopted the modern dan/kyu system going from Ikkyu (1st Kyu, 一級) to Hachidan (8th Dan, 八段). Additionally, there are the three teaching licences of Renshi (錬士), Kyōshi (教士) and Hanshi (範士) (collectively known as Shōgō (称号)) which can be awarded at

641:

In the pure fighting art of SMR, the aim is to use the staff to defeat an opponent armed with one or two swords. The staff is a flexible weapon and can be used in several ways. A practitioner can use the greater length of the staff to keep the opponent at a distance. It is also used, when applicable,

2072:

A collection of eight long-sword and four short-sword kata, including one two-sword kata are found in Shintō Musō-ryū. Neither the twelve kata nor the art itself had any known name in the Shintō Musō-ryū until the mid-19th century when "Shintō-ryū kenjutsu" started to be used and specific names were

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that were dedicated to the staff-arts in the warring era with other more effective weapons were available, but there are several ryu that include jō techniques in its system. One example is the jō-tradition found in the koryū art Tendō-ryū Naginatajutsu, founded in 1582. In Tendō-ryū, which uses the

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holder may also, if he so chooses, implement modifications in the SMR system to techniques or kata. As Shintō Musō-ryū does not have a single organization with a single leader, these changes will only be relevant to that teacher's direct students, and will not be universal. Instead, every person who

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dōjō, for the purpose of easing the introduction to (complex) forms training. Shimizu's peer, Takayama Kiroku, leader of the Fukuoka Shintō Musō-ryū Dōjō, saw the value of these basic techniques and introduced them into his own training sessions. Shimizu would eventually remove or modify some of the

618:

arts have deliberately hidden some, or all, applications inside their training forms, making them invisible unless properly explained by a teacher knowledgeable in the art. This was done as a way of making sure the secrets and principles could not be copied by rival schools or individuals, should an

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The number of headmasters is counted by combining all the known headmasters of all the branches of Shintō Musō-ryū Jōdō including the founder of Katori Shintō-ryū, the latter which the founder of SMR also held a Menkyo Kaiden, and Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami, the founder of the Kashima school that Musō

2271:

From these two lineages, the Fukuoka and the Tokyo, several SMR-based organizations developed. One of the largest is the Jodo Section of the All Japan Kendo Federation (全日本剣道連盟杖道部), established in the 1960s to further promote Jo through the teaching of ZNKR Jodo, also called Seitei Jodo. It remains

2053:

Ikkakū-ryū juttejutsu utilizes the jutte as a way of self-defense for use against an attacker armed with a sword (katana). It was originally created by Matsuzaki Kin'emon, the third headmaster of SMR and originally did not limit itself to jutte training but had a variety of weapons. This weapon was

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From the end of the Samurai reign in 1877 to the early 20th century, SMR was still largely confined to Fukuoka city on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu where the art first was created and thrived, although it was slowly spreading. The main proponent of SMR in Fukuoka during the late 19th and

2173:

weapon used to control, disarm, and subdue a criminal who would most likely be armed with a sword, without killing him (except in extreme situations). There exists at least 200 known variations of the jutte. The jutte used in Shintō Musō-ryū is approx 45 cm in length. In the integrated art of

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So far in the post Shimizu Takaji SMR history, there has been no organisation who has taken the "-ha" description for their respective new branch. Shimizu Takaji himself, who introduced a set of basic techniques (kihon), and even a new series of kata (Gohon no midare) to the SMR Jo system, did not

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A normal training session is very systematic with the teacher, or a senior student, commanding the pace and direction of the session. Depending on the individual dōjō or organization, the entire group of trainees often starts training as one body, especially during warm-ups and drills. Often, the

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The kusarigama is a chain-and-sickle weapon. The weapon is used in several ryu and the design varies from school to school. The kusarigama used in Isshin-ryū has a straight, double-edged 30 cm blade with a wooden handle approx 36 cm long with an iron guard to protect the hand. The chain

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Training under a responsible leader is done with a high emphasis on student safety. Unlike the wooden sword, which is not as dangerous as a katana, there is no "safer" version of the staff and the weapon used in training is the same weapon that would have been used in actual combat. When applying

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and other modern Japanese Arts. New students usually start with the twelve kihon. This process includes slowly working its way into the first series of "kata", which starts with the "Omote"-series. There are approximately 64 forms with the jo, although the number can vary from the individual SMR

567:

Because Shintō Musō-ryū has had no single head-organization or single governing body since the late 1600s, there is no standardized way of passing on the tradition. Dōjos belonging to individual SMR groups have individual ways of training and passing on the tradition. As with several other arts,

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system consisting of twelve forms and twelve basic techniques. Ten of these forms are drawn from the existing Shintō Musō-ryū Jō forms with minor modifications, and two other forms were created specifically for Seitei Jōdō and based on Uchida-ryū Tanjō-jutsu forms. The latter forms are taught in

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During the Edo period and well into the 20th century the attacker was always the senior student, with the defender (being the junior), starting and training only the staff forms for several years before learning the attacker's role. In most modern dōjō, a beginner learns both the sword and staff

2009:

In many Shintō Musō-ryū dōjo, the assimilated arts are not normally taught to a student until he/she has reached a designated level of experience & expertise and a certain level of proficiency in the jō forms. These designated levels are not standard but vary according to each organizations

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Modern-day Shintō Musō-ryū is practiced within several large independent organizations which includes the European Jodo Federation, Nihon Jōdōkai, International Jōdō Federation, International Jodo Association, Sei Ryu Kai to name a few. As such the individual organizations has different grading

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The modern Shintō Musō-ryū system holds approximately 64 staff-forms divided into several series, though this number is including variations and is not always counted as an individual form. Students following the teachings of Shimizu Takaji normally learn 5 more kata in a separate series called

2006:(warriors) which included the staff, sword and musketry. The arts were not specifically SMR-arts though they were taught to the same students. After the fall of the Samurai the two arts found their way into the SMR-tradition as taught by Shiraishi Hanjirō, the art's 24th unofficial headmaster. 2562:

The name "Kasumi" Shintō-ryū is not the universal way of naming the 12 sword kata. The discovery of the name "Kasumi" was made from recent research into the history of Shintō Musō-ryū but is yet to be confirmed. The most common and older way of naming the 12 sword kata in SMR is "Shintō-ryu

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in the late 19th century. It contains twelve kata, which at the time of their inception were loosely organised into a system called "sutteki-jutsu" and were derived mainly from Shintō Musō-ryū and Ikkaku-ryū techniques. "Sutteki" was the Japanese pronouncement of the English word "stick".

560: 1982:

The original Shintō Musō-ryū tradition is composed of around 59 jō kata and is divided into seven sets. (The "Gohon-no-midare" kata series and the 12 "kihon" are a modern invention.) Together with the 12 kenjutsu kata they compose the core of the SMR-tradition. From the Edo period to the

2264:), who had trained in, and received a "joint-license" from, the two largest surviving branches of SMR. Among Shiraishi's top students of the early 1900s were Takaji Shimizu (1896–1978), Ichizo Otofuji (1899–1998), and Kiroku Takayama (1893–1938), Takayama being the most senior. 1939:) are used to minimize the risk of injuries. Practitioners use both the long wooden sword, generally called a bokutō or bokken, and the short wooden sword that is referred to as a kodachi (meant to represent the wakizashi, or simply "short sword" in both interpretations). 614:) alone do not (and cannot for practical reasons) reveal all the large number of practical applications and variations of the techniques. This can only be done properly by an experienced teacher who spends many years passing on the teachings to the student in person. Many 2235:, which is used in other martial arts. The modern tanjō is the same width as a standard jō. The tanjō of the Meiji era were thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom, as was the design of the walking-stick at the time. The original inspiration for the tanjō was the 2627:

relationship to both protect and expand the Daimyōs domains before and during the Sengoku Jidai period. The Daimyō title was abolished along with the Samurai and the feudal system in the Meiji restoration. Former Daimyō would instead become part of the new

2107:, who systematized his father's work and brought about the modern Uchida-ryū tanjōjutsu system. The art was first known as Sutekki-Jutsu and later named Uchida-ryū in honor of its creator. The art was adopted into SMR to be taught alongside the other arts. 2073:

given for each of the twelve kata. In the 20th century, "Kasumi Shintō-ryū" or more recently "Shintō Kasumi-ryū" has surfaced as the original name for the twelve kata as taught in the Shintō Musō-ryū, though it is not yet an official name.

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and most other staves could be used to lethal effect when thrust at vital points of the body, when faced with a fully armored opponent those vital points would in most cases be covered by armour-plating. As a result, there were very few

1821: 414:

techniques to either defeat Musashi or force the duel into a draw. One of several legends says that while resting near a fire in a certain temple, Gonnosuke heard a voice say, "With the round stick, know the strategy of the solar

362:, (1896–1978), considered the 25th headmaster, who, unlike many other traditional martial arts teachers, wanted Jodo to be known and taught internationally. With the assistance of his own students and the cooperation of the 1836:

is a cylindrical wooden staff approximately 128 cm in length. In modern times, the measurements have been fixed at 128 cm in length and between 2.4 and 2.6 cm in width, though in the Edo-period the length of the

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The IJA follows the grading system used by Ichitarō Kuroda. Students grade up to 5th dan and thereafter receive licenses of transmission. Students must also grade with the Zen Nippon Kendō Renmei in the Seitei series of Kata.

2209:, who was killed in a duel with the legendary Miyamoto Musashi. During kata practice a safer, all-wooden version (except the metal handguard) is used with softer materials replacing the chain and weight. For demonstrations ( 2133:

As with the staff, the weapons found in the integrated arts were not inventions of Shintō Musō-ryū headmasters, but had been created and used long before they were chosen to be taught alongside the Shintō Musō-ryū Jo forms.

354:(宮本武蔵, 1584–1645). The original art created by Musō Gonnosuke has evolved and been added upon ever since its inception and up to modern times. The art was successfully brought outside of its original domain in 2205:

opponent. The kusarigama also has non-lethal kata designed to trap and apprehend a swordsman, partially by using the long chain as a restraint. A famous user of the kusarigama outside of Shintō Musō-ryū was

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training then is split into beginner and advanced groups. Drills and forms involving newer students are often performed with a more senior student taking on the role of the attacker, or "striking sword"

787:) is practiced in all Japanese and Western dōjō. Although not all dōjō use exactly the same routine, they do generally contain the same set of principles. Students bow to the front of the dōjō ( 1447:

the last three grades (6th, 7th and 8th Dan respectively). As the practical examination for these grades involves only Seitei, they are not representative of a practitioner's koryū ability.

538:. With the efforts made by Shiraishi Hanjirō and his successor Shimizu Takaji (清水隆次), the art's 24th and 25th unofficial headmasters, respectively, the art progressed into an international 2028:) in Isshin-ryū from Morikata Heisaku in the late 19th century,. Shiraishi would later transmit the Isshin-ryū to his own Jōdō students. Isshin-ryū should not be confused with the modern 328:, with an emphasis on proper combative distance, timing and concentration. The system includes teachings of other weapon systems which are contained in Shintō Musō-ryū as auxiliary arts ( 822:, drills or any other type of exercise. The switching of weapons is, by tradition and experience, a way to minimize any threatening appearance and show respect for the training partner. 1257:) of the teachings of the system, and includes the technical as well as oral transmission. This rank is used in many classical martial arts of Japan. In SMR, a student considered for a 818:. This is done in order to have an orderly training session and to reflect good manners, as well as for safety reasons. The students bow before and after finishing a specific series of 955:, learning the staff first and later switching to the sword, and then finally learning the entire technique with a training partner. The techniques are normally trained in sequence. 900:. This series is not taught in all SMR-groups. A common procedure is for new students to begin their form training by learning two or more forms from the "standard staff forms" ( 2024:

Isshin-ryū kusarigamajutsu is a school of handling the chain and sickle weapon. The 24th unofficial headmaster of Shinto Musō Ryu, Shiraishi Hanjirō, received a full license (

2644:– A modern (Western) term, Koryu is used to describe Japanese martial arts created before the 1876 banning of the samurai sword. Any art that was created post-1876, such as 3749: 931:, 基本の打ち突き技) form a system of twelve techniques drawn from the existing kata with minor modifications. They are used as a way to better introduce a new student to 1956:

In the majority of dōjos today, the jōdōka essentially uses the same clothing as practitioners of kendō, minus the armour and other protective padding: A blue/

2684:– Originally the conscripted footsoldiers of Samurai-armies, after Tokugawa came into power they became professional soldiers and the lowest ranking samurai. 1903:. Ueshiba trained in a variety of ryu including Yagyū swordsmanship, but is not known to have trained in Shintō Musō-ryū. Ueshiba also used the long staff 935:

and also are a good tool for further skill development for seniors. The basic techniques were developed and systematized mainly by Shimizu Takaji at his

2231:) is a 90 cm short staff used in the assimilated art Uchida-ryū tanjōjutsu. Although of the same length, the tanjo should not be confused with the 622:

The SMR tradition has been shaped over the centuries as to teach the student the proper value and application of combative distance to the opponent (

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mainly used by police forces of the late Edo-period of Japan. Chuwa-ryū tankenjutsu (中和流短剣術) is the name used for this art using the short sword (

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starts with the two practitioners crossing their weapons and placing them crossed on the floor, retiring a few steps to perform a squatted bow (

1933:

The Japanese sword, with its long history and many variations, has a prominent role in Shintō Musō-ryū. For training purposes, wooden swords (

1265:. This process will take many years, depending upon the skill, dedication and maturity of the student. Shimizu Takaji himself was issued his 1276:

has the right to teach the art to whoever he or she chooses and also holds the right to issue scrolls of transmissions to his students. The

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and Pascal Krieger. It is used today by the International Jodo Federation and its sub-organisations including the European Jodo Federation.

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Ikkaku-ryū juttejutsu, the tessen, or war fan, approximately 30 cm in length, is used in tandem with the jutte in some of the kata.

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A typical Shintō Musō-ryū dōjō practices the same courtesy and manners as found in Japanese society generally, placing great emphasis on

2607:– The "Way of War" or the "Way of the warrior". Both terms are used interchangeably to refer to both the warrior arts and their ideals. 1317:

decided to make radical changes to the system, such as adding or removing parts of the art, he would be departing from belonging to a

346:

c.1605, dates of birth and death unknown) in the early Edo period (1603–1868) and, according to legend, first put to use in a

3399: 563:

Shimizu Takaji (1896–1978), Shintō Musō-ryū's 25th unofficial headmaster and the art's leading personality during the 20th century

451: 1500:

1. The classical system of giving licenses of transmission: "Oku-iri", "Shomokuroku", "Gomokuroku", "Menkyo" and "Menkyo Kaiden".

1468:

1. The classical system of giving licenses of transmission: "Oku-iri", "Shomokuroku", "Gomokuroku", "Menkyo" and "Menkyo Kaiden".

358:

and outside Japan itself in the 19th and 20th century. The spreading of Shintō Musō-ryū beyond Japan was largely the effort of

1899:

outside of Shintō Musō-ryū in modern times, and indeed in the martial arts community as a whole, was the founder of Aikidō,

810:

During the practice of basics and forms, certain rules of behavior are applied when switching positions and weapons between

1874:, was never an effective killing-weapon on the battlefield in comparison to the sword, spear, glaive and bow. Although the 1251:

For many of the classical martial arts organizations the highest rank available is the "License of Complete Transmission" (

634:), among other skills. As a traditional Japanese martial art, there is also a high emphasis on etiquette, such as bowing ( 403:, with a goal of defeating Musashi's two-sword style. These jo techniques constituted the core of Gonnosuke's new school ( 3455: 1820: 455: 2121:

A school of restraining a person using cord or rope for use by police forces of the Edo-period and up to modern times.

776:. In some dōjō, Japanese verbal commands are used to guide basics, warm-ups, and the training of the "standard forms" ( 375: 2965: 2851: 2248:

various fully licensed (menkyo) SMR-practitioners established their own organizations both in the West and in Japan.

844:), and ends which the practitioners going forward to retain their weapons and start kata-training. The principle of 3288: 743:

s skill by having them face a more experienced and confident swordsman, which thus heightens the combative feeling.

2664:. Karate, although preceding 1876, does not qualify as koryū due to the fact it did not evolve in Japan but on the 3326: 3140: 1269:

very early in his life in comparison to modern western standards, though he trained for several hours each day.

861: 691:

groups and organizations. The auxiliary arts incorporate their own sets of forms with their respective weapons.

3950: 3798: 951:), with the defender using the staff and the attacker using the sword. Today, new students normally begin with 773: 3644: 2019: 911:(五本の乱れ) was created by Shimizu in the late 1930s and are not part of the original "scroll of transmission" ( 410:

The school's history states that Musō Gonnosuke was victorious in a second duel, using his newly developed

247: 3497: 3296: 2678:– The warrior elite of feudal Japan. The Samurai caste was abolished in the Meiji restoration's aftermath. 662:, a tactical position to hide the staff behind the back and leg for surprise deployment against an opponent 507:

that were to be used against an opponent armed with a sword, partially by using the superior length of the

870:) is an old way of teaching traditional martial arts in Japan, and is the core of many "old school/flow" ( 480: 395:(1594–1614) by Musō Gonnosuke, a samurai with considerable martial arts experience. A wandering warrior ( 1888:

samurai, rōnin, bandits, and other opponents. It was extensively used to police the local clan domains.

431:. Supposedly that was his inspiration to develop his new techniques and go fight Musashi a second time. 3819: 251: 3945: 2523: 3805: 3940: 3637: 3595: 1238:

tasked with the creation of a compact Jōdō system to be taught in Kendō dōjōs. The result was the

940:

more dangerous techniques and beginner-level forms so as not to cause injuries to newer students.

239: 3553: 3469: 496: 3532: 3476: 2095:

Uchida-ryu is the art of using the tanjō (a 90 cm staff). It was originally created by SMR

523:, to teach his art to their warriors. Gonnosuke accepted the invitation and settled down there. 3784: 3721: 3616: 2619:

landowner of feudal Japan. They employed other samurai as warriors and personal retainers in a

1328:

There are five classical ranks in Shintō Musō-ryū, as follows in ascending order of seniority:

3714: 2291:

The first foreign student of Takaji Shimizu and the first foreign Menkyo of Katori Shintō-ryū.

324:). The technical purpose of the art is to learn how to defeat a swordsman in combat using the 3679: 3567: 3504: 3339: 3304: 2116: 2090: 2048: 848:

is found in other unrelated martial arts as well, although not necessarily by the same name.

255: 243: 3686: 2002:. These two arts were taught in the Kuroda-domain as a complement to the combat-arts of the 1994:

Matsuzaki Kin'emon was the third headmaster of SMR and is credited with the creation of the

1895:

that are not necessarily related to Shintō Musō-ryū. One of the most famous promoter of the

3791: 3427: 1310: 309: 3756: 2184:

The kusarigama is featured in several Japanese martial arts. For more information see the

8: 3319: 2665: 2616: 2380: 1309:

school of kenjutsu. After the first generation died out, the school transformed into the

3462: 500: 2669: 2198:) has a heavy iron weight and is attached to the bottom of the handle. The chain is 12 2029: 355: 3420: 3392: 1234:

The Seitei Jōdō kata were developed by Shimizu Takaji in the 1960s and presented to a

638:) and attaining a proper mental attitude in the student and the approach to training. 3700: 3092: 2961: 2847: 2448: 2285: 2170: 2144:

The jutte is featured in several Japanese martial arts. For more information see the

2067: 1917:

The sword is featured in several Japanese martial arts. For more information see the

791:) when entering the dōjō or leaving it, and observes the hierarchy with instructors ( 713:. In paired techniques and drills, the receiver of the attack is called "doing sword" 380: 227: 3630: 3525: 3490: 2550:

are judged when performing kata. Shintō Musō-ryū holds no competitions of any sort.'

57: 3602: 2206: 1229: 643: 535: 472: 351: 3672: 2792:, translated by Hunter Armstrong (Kamuela, HI: International Hoplological Society) 2104: 1512:

NJK was headed by Kaminoda Tsunemori and incorporates two separate grade-systems.

619:

outsider accidentally (or by deliberate spying) observe the techniques in action.

530:

Shiraishi Hanjirō (1842–1927, 白石半次郎), Shintō Musō-ryū's 24th unofficial headmaster

3728: 2419: 2281: 2239:

walking-stick which soon found a practical use in self-defense in the Meiji era.

1900: 1483: 678:). There exists no form of organized and standardized sparring-system such as in 177: 3812: 3560: 3511: 3364: 1880: 3623: 3546: 3357: 3312: 3214: 2817: 2700: 2461: 2099: 1858: 1464:

EJF is headed by Pascal Krieger and incorporates three separate grade systems.

499:

and later spread to other Kashima schools such as Kashima Jikishinkage-ryū and

476: 384: 339: 3651: 3539: 3005: 2661: 1995: 1846: 876: 3934: 3911: 3904: 3707: 3658: 3609: 3434: 3032: 2696: 2303: 2253: 2236: 1472: 1306: 1253: 3841: 2803: 162: 2977: 2722: 2296: 2200: 1984: 1807:

is featured in several Japanese martial arts. For more information see the

1539:

A new system developed by Kaminoda Tsunemori's organization to replace the

1479:

system which is used in the majority of modern Japanese martial arts today.

96:

No single leader. 25th and last (unofficial) headmaster was Takaji Shimizu.

3855: 3777: 3441: 590:" is still not universal for all SMR practitioners and groups.) The words 192: 3483: 2539: 1433:

scroll is officially stamped by the senior instructor and thus becomes a

539: 534:

Shintō Musō-ryū survived the abolishment of the samurai in 1877, and the

520: 320: 268: 3897: 3448: 3080: 1974: 1441: 1220:, ZNKR, 全日本剣道連盟), although the latter uses a slightly modified version. 3883: 3518: 2342:

Was the senior student of Takaji Shimizu for many years until his death

2185: 2036: 1999: 1964: 519:

practitioner he was invited by the Kuroda clan of Fukuoka, in northern

204: 184: 81: 3918: 3848: 3371: 3335: 3869: 3665: 2624: 2620: 2542:

only. Seitei Jodo holds competitions on which the performance of the

2436:

Student of Takaji Shimizu and Tsuneo Nishioka (the latter since 1994)

2331: 1812: 1235: 889: 739:

in terms of experience. This is done as a way to develop the younger

543: 526: 131: 2611: 2442:

Author of the book "The Way of the Stick" and prominent calligrapher

2312:

Writer, in 1953, of a book about the jôjutsu of this specific school

1854: 1285:

can technically be described as teaching their own variation of the

575: 392: 32: 3890: 3862: 3188: 2681: 2394: 2306: 2261: 2061: 1918: 511:

to keep the swordsman at a disadvantage. After the creation of his

150: 3238: 3057: 2657: 2641: 2232: 2125:, the third headmaster is credited with creating the Ittatsu-ryū. 885: 570: 396: 304: 169: 41: 3876: 3588: 2871:. Tokyo Koppi Shuppanbu, Tokyo, Japan, 1979 edition. p. 426. 2675: 2257: 1885: 915:), which contains the list of official SMR techniques. Thus, the 559: 487:

Gonnosuke was said to have fully mastered the secret form called

468: 391:

According to its own history, Shintō Musō-ryū was founded in the

387:, founder of Shintō Musō-ryū (Image from the Buko Hyakunin Isshu) 343: 336: 314: 61: 3262: 2604: 2428:

Technical advisor to European Jodo Federation from 1994 to 2014.

2653: 2649: 2629: 2425:

Student of Takaji Shimizu, founder of the SMR-group "Seiryukai"

2388:

Scholar and author of several works on SMR-history and lineage.

2032: 1968: 1957: 1935: 1490: 1243:

various Shintō Musō-ryū dōjōs outside the main series of Kata.

881: 799: 793: 679: 3334: 3164: 2804:"Sticks and Stones Will Break Your Bones: A Look at Jo and Bo" 2672:) which did not become a part of Japan until the 17th century. 2514:, are both equally correct. Different SMR-groups use the name 1967:(belt, often the same type as used in iaidō), a blue or black 1476: 3006:"Journal of Non-lethal Combatives: ZNKR Jodo history, Taylor" 2635: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2145: 2076: 1960: 1850: 1482:

3. The "Shoden, Chūden and Okuden" ranks, put into effect by

1021: 936: 836:(meaning ”ornament”) is also done in all the auxiliary arts. 683: 674: 363: 211: 1904: 1870: 1808: 828:飾り(かざり) is the traditional SMR-way of initiating and ending 142: 3116: 2645: 1944: 687: 668: 586:" in the year 1940. (Note that the use of the appellation " 347: 298: 2153: 2084: 1516:

The classical system of giving licenses of transmission: "

2479:

Karunakaran R. Chindan (1943–2016) – Malaysia Menkyo SMR

1456:

requirements and in some cases different type of grades.

1325:

name his expanded system as "Shimizu-ha Shinto Muso Jo".

598:

are normally used interchangeably by the various groups.

2411:

former head of All Japan Kendo Federation's Jodo section

2275: 760: 654: 1503:

2. The dan/kyu system. Grades are issued up to 5th dan.

755: 2638:– Martial Art – The art of drawing the Japanese sword. 1841:

was customized to suit the height of the wielder. The

1297:" is a variation of a martial arts system taught by a 904:, 制定杖道) due to their (relative) technical simplicity. 2362:

Kaminoda Tsunemori (1928-2015) – Japanese Menkyo SMR

2213:) a kusarigama with a metal blade is sometimes used. 1543:

system. The new system involves three ranks in three

1442:

Grades in the All Japan Kendo Federation Jōdō Section

366:

community, Shimizu spread Shintō Musō-ryū worldwide.

2288:

and Menkyo of SMR (the latter awarded posthumously)

1891:

Various other martial arts also include elements of

943:

The basic techniques are trained both individually (

2309:(and considered by some to be the last true ninja). 2272:the most widespread form of Jo in the world today. 2252:early 20th century was Hanjiro Shiraishi, a former 2161:of the late Samurai-period. This is not a specific 495:), a form that was developed by the founder of the 475:wielding two wooden swords. The legend states that 2339:Ichitaro Kuroda (1911–2000) – Japanese Menkyo SMR 927:The "basic techniques of striking and thrusting" ( 1595:, after which the classical grade-system is used. 764:Tsuneo Nishioka and Katsuhiko Arai demonstrating 503:. Gonnosuke developed several techniques for the 3932: 2376:Matsui Kenji – Japanese Menkyo SMR Fukuoka line 2062:Kasumi Shintō-ryū kenjutsu (Shintō-ryū kenjutsu) 2397:(jōjutsu and naginata) and of SMR Fukuoka line 2320:Student of Takaji Shimizu and Nakajima Asakichi 2103:Sutteki-jutsu was further developed by his son 1828:made of red oak, approximately 128 cm long 1778: 1760: 1742: 1715: 1697: 1679: 1652: 1634: 1616: 1588: 1572: 1556: 1418: 1395: 1377: 1359: 1341: 1198: 1182: 1164: 1146: 1128: 1110: 1092: 1072: 1052: 1032: 1011: 993: 975: 962:The following are the twelve basic techniques: 722: 704: 424: 332:). The school is sometimes abbreviated as SMR. 3141:"Fujita Seiko - Shindô Musô Ryû Jôjutsu Zukai" 2960:(bilingual French/English), Geneva (CH) 1989, 2958:Jodô - la voie du bâton / The way of the stick 2526:has been made as to which name should be used. 2222: 2128: 1772: 1754: 1736: 1709: 1691: 1673: 1646: 1628: 1610: 1582: 1566: 1550: 1507: 1412: 1389: 1371: 1353: 1335: 1192: 1176: 1158: 1140: 1122: 1104: 1086: 1066: 1046: 1026: 1005: 987: 969: 716: 698: 515:techniques and his establishment as a skilled 418: 289: 3320: 2818:"Nishioka Tsuneo and the Pure Flow of the Jo" 2522:depending on their own tradition, no sort of 2482:Student of Takaji Shimizu and Donn F. Draeger 2467:Student of Takaji Shimizu and Ichitaro Kuroda 2453:Student of Tsuneo Nishioka and Takaji Shimizu 2080:Demonstration of a Uchida-ryū tanjōjutsu kata 2013: 1246: 1208:The twelve basic techniques are used in both 549: 3212: 2400:Student of Takaji Shimizu and Ichizo Otofuji 2385:Student of Takaji Shimizu and Ichizo Otofuji 1788: 1491:Grades in the International Jōdō Association 768:, the traditional bowing before/after a kata 2978:"Muso Gonnosuke and the Shinto Muso-ryu Jo" 2137: 1459: 919:is not taught in all Shintō Musō-ryū dōjō. 3327: 3313: 2345:At time of death held 10th dan in arts of 959:right from the beginning of his training. 463:..know the solar plexus with a round stick 318:, or the art of wielding the short staff ( 2408:Namitome Shigenori - Japanese Menkyo SMR 2393:Matsumura Shigehiro - Japanese Menkyo in 1321:, and in effect be creating a new style. 296:, most commonly known by its practice of 64:c.1605, dates of birth and death unknown) 2581: 2152: 2110: 2075: 2042: 1978:(Assimilated Schools) of Shintō Musō-ryū 1450: 759: 653: 558: 525: 467: 379: 3289:Japanese Shindo Muso-ryu Jodo info site 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2593:TSKR = Tenshin Shoden Katori Shintō-ryū 2085:Uchida-ryū tanjōjutsu – (Sutekki-jutsu) 1987:, several other arts were assimilated ( 1261:must first attain the separate rank of 3933: 3027: 3025: 3003: 2999: 2997: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2841: 2801: 2790:The History of Shindo Muso Ryu Jojutsu 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2439:Head of European Jodo Federation (EJF) 2169:The jutte (or jitte) was a widespread 1402:– Awarded after the first of the five 3308: 3189:"FEJ : European Jodo Federation" 3058:"FEJ : European Jodo Federation" 2970: 2403:Head of the Kobujodokai organisation. 2317:Hosho Shiokawa – Japanese Menkyo SMR 2276:Notable Shintō Musō-ryū practitioners 3231: 3219:Tenshinsho-den-katori-shinto-ryu.org 3206: 3157: 3109: 3085: 3074: 3033:"The Evolution of Classical Jojutsu" 2866: 2695:Other martial arts schools from the 2447:Phil Relnick – US Menkyo in SMR and 1688:Middle-level Technique, Middle Grade 1332:Certificate of Entering the Interior 756:Etiquette and traditions in the dōjō 666:SMR techniques are taught by forms ( 3050: 3022: 2994: 2875: 2810: 2739: 2371:Soke of Isshin Ryu Kusarigamajutsu. 1706:Middle-level Technique, Upper Grade 1670:Middle-level Technique, First Grade 1223: 1216:of the All Japan Kendō Federation ( 922: 554: 407:), which he named Shintō Musō-ryū. 13: 3215:"Tenshinshō-den Katori Shintō Ryū" 2795: 2422:(1934-2014) – Japanese Menkyo SMR 1910: 1819: 1240:Zen-Nihon Kendo Renmei Seitei Jōdō 426:maruki wo motte, suigetsu wo shire 14: 3962: 3282: 3117:"International Hoplology Society" 2433:Pascal Krieger, EU Menkyo in SMR 1793: 1184:body-releasing strike, right side 450:, which he acquired in part from 3456:Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū 3400:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū 2470:International Jodo Association. 2242: 1926: 1907:to perform the same techniques. 1409:License of Complete Transmission 1301:but is still a part of the main 1200:body-releasing strike, left side 601: 452:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū 228:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū 40: 3297:Shindo Muso Ryu Jodo on the Net 3255: 3181: 3133: 2474:8th dan Musō Shinden-ryū Iaido. 851: 479:found a way to break Musashi's 434:Gonnosuke used his training in 3799:Jikishinkage-ryu Naginatajutsu 2860: 2835: 2615:– Samurai who were the feudal 2567: 2554: 2530: 2494: 2123:Matsuzaki Kinueumon Tsunekatsu 1868:, like its larger sibling the 1751:Shadow Technique, Middle Grade 783:The traditional Japanese bow ( 72:Sometime between 1602 and 1614 1: 2733: 2284:(1922–1982) – U.S. Menkyo of 2177: 1769:Shadow Technique, Upper Grade 1733:Shadow Technique, First Grade 1625:Basic Technique, Middle Grade 16:Traditional school of jōjutsu 2488: 2165:jutte but a generic example. 2058:, 短剣) instead of the jutte. 1643:Basic Technique, Upper Grade 1607:Basic Technique, First Grade 1305:. An example of this is the 1272:A person with a fully valid 7: 3213:Phil Relnick (2014-05-06). 2846:. Koryu Books. p. 31. 2598: 2456:Pan-American Jo Federation. 2129:Weapons for integrated arts 1951: 1779: 1761: 1743: 1716: 1698: 1680: 1653: 1635: 1617: 1589: 1573: 1557: 1508:Grades in the Nihon Jōdōkai 1419: 1396: 1378: 1360: 1342: 1199: 1183: 1165: 1147: 1129: 1111: 1093: 1073: 1053: 1033: 1012: 994: 976: 723: 705: 649: 425: 335:The art was founded by the 302:, is a traditional school ( 10: 3967: 2576:Gonnosuke also trained in. 2569: 2556: 2532: 2496: 2114: 2088: 2065: 2046: 2020:Isshin-ryū kusarigamajutsu 2017: 2014:Isshin-ryū kusarigamajutsu 1247:Grades – new and classical 1227: 859: 578:, Shimizu Takaji renamed " 550:Modern day Shintō Musō-ryū 376:History of Shintō Musō-ryū 373: 369: 3829: 3766: 3738: 3577: 3409: 3381: 3346: 2538:Competitions are held in 2414:Student of Ichizo Otofuji 2365:Student of Takaji Shimizu 2223: 1789:Weapons and training gear 1773: 1755: 1737: 1710: 1692: 1674: 1647: 1629: 1611: 1583: 1567: 1551: 1413: 1390: 1372: 1354: 1336: 1193: 1189:; tai hazushi uchi hidari 1177: 1159: 1141: 1123: 1105: 1087: 1067: 1047: 1027: 1006: 988: 970: 746: 735:usually is senior to the 717: 699: 630:), and mental awareness ( 483:of combat and defeat him. 419: 385:Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi 340:Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi 290: 266: 261: 238: 233: 226: 221: 217: 202: 190: 175: 160: 148: 129: 117: 112: 108: 100: 92: 87: 76: 68: 58:Musō Gonnosuke Katsuyoshi 53: 48: 39: 30: 23: 3833:Classical arts practiced 2690: 2216: 2138:Jutte (jitte) and tessen 1725:Ranks attainable in the 1662:Ranks attainable in the 1599:Ranks attainable in the 1460:European Jōdō Federation 929:kihon no uchi tsuki waza 456:Kashima Jikishinkage-ryū 3498:Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū 2718:Shiten-ryū (Hoshino-ha) 2660:, are considered to be 1429:have been learned, the 1148:thrust, release, strike 1013:downward-pulling strike 866:The practice of forms ( 862:Shintō Musō-ryū Jo Kata 774:etiquette and tradition 3263:"Shindo Muso Ryu Jodo" 3097:Capitalareabudokai.org 3093:"Shindo Muso Ryu Jodo" 2842:Risuke, Otake (2002). 2708:Ise Jitoku Tenshin-ryū 2166: 2081: 1853:martial arts, such as 1829: 1218:Zen Nihon Kendō Renmei 769: 663: 564: 531: 484: 466: 458:, to develop his art. 388: 104:No single headquarters 3951:Japanese martial arts 3596:Gyokushin-ryū Jūjutsu 3340:Japanese martial arts 2788:Matsui, Kenji. 1993. 2588:SMR = Shintō Musō-ryū 2582:Acronyms used in text 2368:Head of Nihon Jodokai 2156: 2117:Ittatsu-ryu Hojojutsu 2111:Ittatsu-ryū hojōjutsu 2091:Uchida Ryu Tanjojutsu 2079: 2049:Ikkaku-ryu juttejutsu 2043:Ikkaku-ryū juttejutsu 1823: 1451:Other forms of Grades 1173:Tai hazushi uchi migi 763: 657: 562: 529: 471: 460: 383: 3792:Ittō Shōden Mutō-ryū 3631:Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū 3477:Komagawa Kaishin-ryū 3428:Tenshinsho Jigen Ryu 3239:"Shinto Muso-ryu Jo" 2956:: Krieger, Pascal - 2869:Bugei Ryuha Daijiten 2844:Le sabre et le Divin 2728:Takenouchi Santo-ryū 672:) and fundamentals ( 546:all over the world. 489:The Sword of One Cut 310:Japanese martial art 101:Current headquarters 3243:Shinto-muso-ryu.org 2867:Watatani, Kiyoshi. 2381:Asayama Ichiden-ryu 1845:is used in several 1699:Chūdan-waza Chū Kyū 1681:Chūdan-waza Sho Kyū 1166:body-reaping strike 1054:reverse-grip thrust 995:reverse-grip strike 252:Shintō (Kasumi)-ryū 234:Assimilated schools 88:Current information 3820:Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū 3750:Kyōshin Meichi-ryū 3554:Yagyū Shinkage-ryū 3470:Kashima Shintō-ryū 3081:Stockholms Jodokai 2670:Okinawa Prefecture 2167: 2082: 1830: 1717:Chūdan-waza Jō Kyū 1636:Omote-waza Chū Kyū 1618:Omote-waza Sho Kyū 1281:has been issued a 1137:Tsuki hazushi uchi 770: 664: 565: 532: 497:Kashima Shintō-ryū 485: 389: 262:Descendant schools 168:Art of wielding a 93:Current headmaster 3928: 3927: 3806:Shindō Yōshin-ryū 3785:Hokushin Ittō-ryū 3770: 3757:Tennen Rishin-ryū 3742: 3722:Yagyū Shingan-ryū 3617:Hontai Yōshin-ryū 3581: 3413: 3385: 3350: 3336:Classical schools 3267:Shindomusoryu.com 2630:nobility of Japan 2171:Edo period police 2068:Kasumi Shinto-ryu 1762:Kage-waza Chū Kyū 1744:Kage-waza Sho Kyū 1654:Omote-waza Jō Kyū 1406:have been taught. 274: 273: 3958: 3768: 3740: 3680:Shindō Munen-ryū 3603:Heijo Muteki Ryū 3579: 3568:Toda-ha Bukō-ryū 3505:Musō Shinden-ryū 3463:Kashima Shin-ryū 3411: 3383: 3348: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3273: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3089: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3029: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3001: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2974: 2968: 2954: 2873: 2872: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2799: 2793: 2786: 2713:Jigo Tenshin-ryū 2573: 2560: 2536: 2500: 2464:– GB Menkyo SMR 2226: 2225: 2157:An example of a 1930: 1784: 1782: 1780:Kage-waza Jō Kyū 1776: 1775: 1766: 1764: 1758: 1757: 1748: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1721: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1685: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1658: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1622: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1594: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1578: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1563:, "Middle-level" 1562: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1425:– Once all five 1424: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1401: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1383: 1381: 1375: 1374: 1365: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1347: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1313:. However, if a 1224:Seitei Jōdō Kata 1204: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1188: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1170: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1134: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1116: 1114: 1112:spin and release 1108: 1107: 1098: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1049: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1017: 1015: 1009: 1008: 999: 997: 991: 990: 981: 979: 973: 972: 947:) and in pairs ( 923:Basic techniques 803:), and juniors ( 730: 729: 726: 720: 719: 712: 711: 708: 702: 701: 660:Hissage no kamae 555:Jōdō and jōjutsu 536:Second World War 501:Kashima Shin-ryū 473:Miyamoto Musashi 430: 428: 422: 421: 352:Miyamoto Musashi 295: 293: 292: 222:Ancestor schools 185:chain and sickle 44: 21: 20: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3941:Shinto Muso-ryu 3931: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3825: 3762: 3734: 3694:Shintō Musō-ryū 3573: 3405: 3393:Kage-ryū (Aizu) 3377: 3342: 3333: 3299: 3291: 3285: 3280: 3271: 3269: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3247: 3245: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3223: 3221: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3171: 3169:Kobujodokai.com 3163: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3125: 3123: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3101: 3099: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3064: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3014: 3012: 3002: 2995: 2986: 2984: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2955: 2876: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2840: 2836: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2800: 2796: 2787: 2740: 2736: 2693: 2601: 2584: 2512:Shintō Musō-ryū 2491: 2420:Tsuneo Nishioka 2282:Donn F. Draeger 2278: 2245: 2219: 2207:Shishido Baiken 2180: 2140: 2131: 2119: 2113: 2093: 2087: 2070: 2064: 2051: 2045: 2022: 2016: 1980: 1954: 1913: 1911:Ken – The sword 1901:Morihei Ueshiba 1799: 1791: 1770: 1752: 1734: 1707: 1689: 1671: 1644: 1626: 1608: 1580: 1564: 1548: 1547:series, "Basic" 1510: 1493: 1484:Donn F. Draeger 1462: 1453: 1444: 1410: 1387: 1369: 1351: 1333: 1311:Ono-ha Ittō-ryū 1249: 1232: 1226: 1210:Shintō Musō-ryū 1190: 1174: 1156: 1138: 1120: 1102: 1094:spin and attach 1084: 1077: 1064: 1057: 1044: 1037: 1024: 1003: 1002:Hikiotoshi uchi 985: 967: 925: 917:Gohon no midare 909:Gohon no midare 898:Gohon-no-midare 864: 858: 758: 749: 727: 714: 709: 696: 652: 604: 557: 552: 481:two-sword style 416: 378: 372: 287: 284:Shindō Musō-ryū 278:Shintō Musō-ryū 178:Kusarigamajutsu 25: 24:Shintō Musō-ryū 17: 12: 11: 5: 3964: 3954: 3953: 3948: 3946:Ko-ryū bujutsu 3943: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3771: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3743: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3582: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3536: 3529: 3526:Takenouchi-ryū 3522: 3515: 3508: 3501: 3494: 3491:Maniwa Nen-ryū 3487: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3416: 3414: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3386: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3361: 3353: 3351: 3344: 3343: 3332: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3294: 3284: 3283:External links 3281: 3279: 3278: 3254: 3230: 3205: 3180: 3165:"紘武杖道会のホームページ" 3156: 3132: 3108: 3084: 3073: 3049: 3021: 2993: 2969: 2874: 2859: 2852: 2834: 2809: 2794: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2701:Fukuoka Domain 2692: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2673: 2666:Ryūkyū Islands 2639: 2636:Iaido/Iaijutsu 2633: 2608: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2565: 2552: 2528: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2468: 2462:Steven Bellamy 2459: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2401: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2360: 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numerous 477:Musō Gonnosuke 374:Main article: 371: 368: 360:Takaji Shimizu 272: 271: 264: 263: 259: 258: 236: 235: 231: 230: 224: 223: 219: 218: 215: 214: 208: 200: 199: 198:Rope-tying art 196: 188: 187: 181: 173: 172: 166: 158: 157: 154: 146: 145: 139: 127: 126: 121: 115: 114: 110: 109: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 85: 84: 78: 77:Period founded 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 55: 51: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3963: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3913: 3912:Shurikenjutsu 3909: 3907: 3906: 3905:Naginatajutsu 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3767:19th century 3765: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3739:18th century 3737: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3689: 3688: 3687:Shingyōtō-ryū 3684: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3675: 3674: 3673:Sekiguchi-ryū 3670: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3578:17th century 3576: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3410:16th century 3408: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3382:15th century 3380: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3347:14th century 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3298: 3295: 3292:(in Japanese) 3290: 3287: 3286: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3146: 3145:Fr.scribd.com 3142: 3136: 3122: 3121:Hoplology.com 3118: 3112: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3077: 3063: 3059: 3053: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3026: 3011: 3007: 3000: 2998: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2966:2-9503214-0-2 2963: 2959: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2870: 2863: 2855: 2853:1-890536-06-7 2849: 2845: 2838: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2805: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2738: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2510:, as used in 2507: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2473: 2469: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2333: 2330:15th Soke of 2329: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302:14th Soke of 2301: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2243:Organizations 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2189: 2187: 2182: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2149: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2135: 2126: 2124: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2105:Uchida Ryohei 2101: 2098: 2092: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2021: 2011: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1963:(jacket), an 1962: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1940: 1938: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1796: 1781: 1768: 1763: 1750: 1745: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1705: 1700: 1687: 1682: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1655: 1642: 1637: 1624: 1619: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1591: 1575: 1559: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1534:Menkyo Kaiden 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1457: 1448: 1436: 1435:Menkyo Kaiden 1432: 1428: 1421: 1420:Menkyo Kaiden 1408: 1405: 1398: 1385: 1380: 1367: 1362: 1349: 1344: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1315:Menkyo Kaiden 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Menkyo Kaiden 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283:Menkyo Kaiden 1279: 1278:Menkyo Kaiden 1275: 1274:Menkyo Kaiden 1270: 1268: 1267:Menkyo Kaiden 1264: 1260: 1259:Menkyo Kaiden 1256: 1255: 1254:Menkyo Kaiden 1244: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1185: 1172: 1167: 1155:Dō barai uchi 1154: 1149: 1136: 1131: 1118: 1113: 1100: 1095: 1082: 1075: 1062: 1055: 1043:Gyakute tsuki 1042: 1035: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1001: 996: 983: 978: 965: 964: 963: 960: 956: 954: 950: 946: 941: 938: 934: 930: 920: 918: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 878: 873: 869: 863: 855: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 801: 796: 795: 790: 786: 781: 779: 775: 767: 762: 753: 744: 742: 738: 734: 725: 707: 692: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676: 671: 670: 661: 656: 647: 645: 639: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 617: 613: 609: 602:Staff methods 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 572: 561: 547: 545: 541: 537: 528: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 493:Ichi no Tachi 490: 482: 478: 474: 470: 465: 464: 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 440:naginatajutsu 437: 432: 427: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 386: 382: 377: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 338: 333: 331: 327: 323: 322: 317: 316: 311: 307: 306: 301: 300: 286: 285: 280: 279: 270: 267:Keijojutsu • 265: 260: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 232: 229: 225: 220: 216: 213: 209: 207: 206: 201: 197: 195: 194: 189: 186: 182: 180: 179: 174: 171: 170:walking stick 167: 165: 164: 159: 155: 153: 152: 147: 144: 140: 138: 134: 133: 128: 125: 122: 120: 116: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 35: 34: 29: 22: 19: 3917: 3910: 3903: 3896: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3840: 3818: 3813:Shiranui-ryū 3811: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3755: 3748: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3706: 3701:Sōsuishi-ryū 3699: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3629: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3566: 3561:Yoshioka-ryū 3559: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3517: 3512:Shinkage-ryū 3510: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3447: 3440: 3433: 3426: 3419: 3398: 3391: 3370: 3365:Kukishin-ryū 3363: 3356: 3300:(in English) 3270:. Retrieved 3266: 3257: 3246:. Retrieved 3242: 3233: 3222:. Retrieved 3218: 3208: 3197:. Retrieved 3195:. 1990-01-13 3192: 3183: 3172:. Retrieved 3168: 3159: 3148:. Retrieved 3144: 3135: 3124:. Retrieved 3120: 3111: 3100:. Retrieved 3096: 3087: 3076: 3065:. Retrieved 3061: 3052: 3041:. Retrieved 3039:. 2007-12-29 3036: 3013:. Retrieved 3009: 3004:Kim Taylor. 2985:. Retrieved 2981: 2972: 2957: 2868: 2862: 2843: 2837: 2826:. Retrieved 2824:. 2007-02-19 2821: 2812: 2806:. koryu.com. 2802:Meik Skoss. 2797: 2789: 2727: 2723:Sosuishi ryu 2717: 2712: 2707: 2694: 2617:aristocratic 2610: 2605:Bujutsu/Budō 2592: 2587: 2574: 2568: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2531: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2471: 2324: 2299:(1898-1966) 2297:Seiko Fujita 2270: 2266: 2250: 2246: 2228: 2220: 2210: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2183: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2143: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2096: 2094: 2071: 2055: 2052: 2025: 2023: 2010:preference. 2008: 2003: 1993: 1988: 1985:Meiji period 1981: 1976:Fuzoku Ryūha 1975: 1955: 1943: 1942:Every form ( 1941: 1934: 1932: 1925: 1916: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1875: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1825: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1726: 1724: 1663: 1661: 1600: 1598: 1579:and "Shadow" 1544: 1540: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1522:Sho-mokuroku 1521: 1517: 1511: 1494: 1463: 1454: 1445: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1403: 1361:Sho-mokuroku 1327: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289:, known as " 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1239: 1233: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1207: 1101:Kuri hanashi 984:Gyakute uchi 961: 957: 953:tandoku dosa 952: 948: 945:tandoku dosa 944: 942: 932: 928: 926: 916: 912: 908: 906: 901: 897: 894: 875: 871: 867: 865: 853: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 824: 819: 815: 811: 809: 804: 798: 797:), seniors ( 792: 788: 784: 782: 777: 771: 765: 750: 740: 736: 732: 693: 673: 667: 665: 659: 640: 635: 631: 627: 626:), posture ( 623: 621: 615: 611: 607: 605: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 569: 566: 533: 516: 512: 508: 504: 492: 488: 486: 462: 461: 447: 443: 439: 435: 433: 420:丸木を以って、水月を知れ 411: 409: 404: 400: 390: 359: 342:(夢想權之助勝吉, 334: 330:Fuzoku ryuha 329: 325: 319: 313: 303: 297: 283: 282: 277: 276: 275: 203: 191: 176: 161: 149: 136: 130: 123: 118: 69:Date founded 60:(夢想權之助勝吉, 31: 18: 3769:(1801–1876) 3741:(1701–1800) 3652:Ittatsu-ryū 3580:(1601–1700) 3540:Tatsumi-ryū 3484:Kyūshin Ryū 3412:(1501–1600) 3384:(1401–1500) 3349:(1301–1400) 2662:Gendai budō 2540:Seitei Jodo 2325:Shiokawa-ha 2229:short staff 2221:The tanjō ( 1996:Ittatsu-ryū 1797:– The staff 1526:Go-mokuroku 1379:Go-mokuroku 1343:Oku-iri-sho 1230:Seitei Jōdō 1214:Seitei jōdō 1212:and in the 1130:body strike 1063:Maki otoshi 977:main strike 907:The series 902:seitei jōdō 877:gendai budō 832:-training. 540:martial art 269:Seitei Jodo 244:Ittatsu-ryū 210:Art of the 183:Art of the 141:Art of the 124:Description 113:Arts taught 3935:Categories 3884:Juttejutsu 3842:Battōjutsu 3729:Yōshin-ryū 3715:Tamiya-ryū 3645:Isshin-ryū 3638:Ikkaku-ryū 3533:Tamiya-ryū 3519:Taisha-ryū 3421:Hōzōin-ryū 3272:2016-01-18 3248:2016-01-18 3224:2016-01-18 3199:2016-01-18 3174:2016-01-18 3150:2016-01-18 3126:2016-01-18 3102:2016-01-18 3067:2016-01-18 3043:2016-01-18 3015:2016-01-18 2987:2016-01-18 2828:2016-01-18 2734:References 2699:dominated 2563:kenjutsu". 2502:The names 2379:Menkyo of 2186:Kusarigama 2178:Kusarigama 2163:Ikkaku-ryu 2037:Isshin-ryu 2000:Ikkaku-ryu 1427:Gokui-kata 1404:Gokui-kata 1083:Kuri tsuke 966:Honte uchi 949:sotai dosa 880:) such as 778:seiteigata 393:Keichō era 256:Uchida-ryū 248:Isshin-ryū 240:Ikkaku-ryū 205:Juttejutsu 163:Tanjōjutsu 82:Edo period 49:Foundation 3856:Hojōjutsu 3778:Fusen-ryū 3666:Mugai-ryū 3624:Hōten-ryū 3547:Tendō-ryū 3442:Jigen-ryū 3358:Chujō-ryū 3037:Koryu.com 3010:Ejmas.com 2982:Koryu.com 2822:Koryu.com 2544:uchidachi 2524:consensus 2489:Footnotes 2332:Mugai-ryu 1859:Tendō-ryū 1815:articles. 1236:committee 1119:Tai atari 816:uchidachi 741:shidachi' 733:uchidachi 706:uchidachi 308:) of the 212:truncheon 193:Hojōjutsu 156:Sword art 3898:Kyūjutsu 3891:Kenjutsu 3863:Iaijutsu 3708:Suiō-ryū 3659:Kitō-ryū 3610:Hōki-ryū 3449:Kage-ryū 3435:Ittō-ryū 2682:Ashigaru 2668:(modern 2599:See also 2548:shidachi 2395:Suio-ryu 2349:, Jodo, 2323:Head of 2307:Ninjutsu 2304:Kōga-ryū 2262:ashigaru 2188:article. 2148:article. 2030:Okinawan 1998:and the 1952:Clothing 1921:article. 1919:Kenjutsu 1729:series: 1666:series: 1603:series: 1307:Ittō-ryū 812:shidachi 737:shidachi 724:shidachi 650:Training 606:Being a 568:such as 436:kenjutsu 151:Kenjutsu 3919:Sōjutsu 3877:Jūjutsu 3870:Jōjutsu 3849:Bōjutsu 3589:Abe-ryū 3372:Nen-ryū 2676:Samurai 2237:western 2035:system 1886:armored 1545:jō-kata 1541:Dan/Kyū 1532:" and " 1518:Oku-iri 1471:2. 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Shintō Musō-ryū

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