2693:, p. 36, "The Holocaust is particular to Jews and yet has had increasing relevance for those who do not identify as Jewish. ... All Jews everywhere were to be murdered because of their racial heritage was 'put into state policy' on January 20, 1942 at the Wannsee conference (Bazyler 2017, 29). Witness to the genocide of the Jews is a uniquely Jewish experience, because only Jews were targeted by that policy, even if other groups were targeted for genocide under other policies. The Nazi regime committed genocide against the Roma and Sinti, governed by separate policies. They also committed war crimes against Soviet Prisoners of War under other policies. So too the mass murder of disabled and the mentally ill had their own policies. The Nazis committed multiple genocides and crimes against humanity, at the same time, sometimes in the same place, governed by different laws, policies, and practices. It is not correct to say that there were many victim types during 'the Holocaust,' if by 'the Holocaust' we mean the genocide of the Jews.";
1225:
1796:
1919:
68:
728:
978:
1384:
1994:
1101:
2182:
1725:
1213:
2258:
1664:
1454:, partly because of the low priority accorded to these transports. Shortage of rail transport sometimes led to postponement or cancellation of deportations. Upon arrival, the victims were robbed of their remaining possessions, forced to undress, had their hair cut, and were chased into the gas chamber. Death from the gas was agonizing and could take as long as 30 minutes. The gas chambers were primitive and sometimes malfunctioned. Some prisoners were shot because the gas chambers were not functioning. At other extermination camps, nearly everyone on a transport was killed on arrival, but at Auschwitz around 20–25 percent were separated out for labor, although many of these prisoners died later on through starvation, mass shooting, torture, and medical experiments.
2721:, p. xxxix, "This book deals with the fate of the Jews, not of 'other victims' of Nazi political repression and racial-biological policies. Several other groups endured social exclusion, incarceration in concentration camps, and mass murder. However, the rationale for the persecution of these groups differed radically from the intentions that underlay anti-Jewish policy. Even though homosexual men and women, Germans of African descent, and the severely mentally and physically disabled were all disparaged in Nazi racial thinking, and depicted as a threat to the strength and purity of the Volk, only the Jews were characterized as an implacable, powerful, global enemy that had to be fought at every turn and finally eliminated.";
2713:, p. 50, "Given this, it must always be remembered that the Holocaust was a premeditated action by the Nazis to permanently eradicate a Jewish presence in Europe. Others—the disabled, Roma, Poles and other Slavs, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, dissenting clergy, communists, socialists, "asocials," and political opponents of all sorts—were also persecuted and in many cases murdered in huge numbers; however, it was the campaign against the Jews that was the ideological "ground zero" for Nazi racial ideology. Others besides Jews were murdered, often on a genocidal scale, and should be remembered and acknowledged: but it was only the Jews who were all to be killed as part of a calculated policy of genocide.";
2769:, pp. 14–15, "There are a number of words I will try to avoid because of the serious misconceptions they might lead to. The terms 'Holocaust' and 'Shoah' are not useful since neither has any analytical value. 'Holocaust' (derived from the Greek holókauton, or burned sacrifice) has a religious connotation unbefitting of the event it is supposed to refer to, and users of this term may mean by it either the persecution and murder of Jews alone, or Nazi German violence against any group more generally ... Importantly, 'Holocaust' and 'Shoah' have also been criticized as 'teleological and anachronistic' terms that convey a retrospective view that makes complex processes appear 'as a single event.'";
2006:
2066:
2547:
2091:
determination, and luck played a major role in determining survival. Jews in hiding were hunted down with the assistance of local collaborators and rewards offered for their denunciation. The death penalty was sometimes enforced on people hiding them, especially in eastern Europe. Rescuers' motivations varied on a spectrum from altruism to expecting sex or material gain; it was not uncommon for helpers to betray or murder Jews if their money ran out. Gerlach argues that hundreds of thousands of Jews may have died because of rumors or denunciations, and many others never attempted to escape because of a belief it was hopeless.
2761:, p. 6, "Echoing this view, some have contended that the expression 'the Holocaust' ought to refer not only to the encounter between the Third Reich and the Jews but also to 'the horrors that Poles, other Slavs, and Gypsies endured at the hands of the Nazis' (Lukas, 1986: 220). Others have extended the term to encompass the Third Reich's treatment of homosexuals, the mentally ill or infrm, and Jehovah's Witnesses, speaking of 11 or 12 million victims of the Holocaust, half of whom were Jews. Still others have employed the word 'holocaust' also when referring to cases of mass murder not perpetrated by the Third Reich.";
2717:, p. 4, "I will use the term 'Holocaust' to refer mainly to the Nazi attempt to murder the Jews of Europe; however, I will also use the more inclusive term 'Nazi genocidal project' to capture the larger murderous vision of which the Jews were such a large part. This includes Sinti/Roma (gypsies), the handicapped, political 'enemies,' Soviet prisoners of war, and—particularly in the East—entire ethnic groups such as the Slavs. One cannot understand the Holocaust in Eastern Europe without placing it in the context of this larger Nazi genocidal project that foresaw murder and demographic engineering on a colossal scale.";
2446:
2705:, pp. 199–200, "The Nazis killed some people almost exclusively due to their supposed genetic inferiority (the mentally and physically handicapped, Slavs, Roma); they killed others almost exclusively due to their perceived cultural decadence (communists, democrats, modernist authors and artists); but only the Jews were indicted on both grounds simultaneously and with equal vigor. ... This is not to say that Roma, communists, and others were not hated and murdered by the Nazis, but it is to note that the Jews were unique in being despised and assaulted in every dimension of their identity, corporeal and psychic.";
963:
1143:
815:
2757:'s terms, the Holocaust involved three separate "clusters of genocidal projects": euthanasia and "racial purification" directed against the disabled and Sinti and Roma (at the time referred to collectively as "Gypsies") within the Third Reich; the eradication of Slavic populations living in countries east of Germany; and the Final Solution proper—that is, the attempted mass murder of every Jew residing anywhere within Germany's sphere of influence (Browning 2010, 407). (The list of persecuted categories—people targeted by the Nazis in ways short of genocide—would of course be longer.)";
948:", the murder of around 70,000 institutionalized Germans with mental or physical disabilities at specialized killing centers using poison gas. The victims included all 4,000 to 5,000 institutionalized Jews. Despite efforts to maintain secrecy, knowledge of the killings leaked out and Hitler ordered a halt to the centralized killing program in August 1941. Decentralized killings via denial of medical care, starvation, and poisoning caused an additional 120,000 deaths by the end of the war. Many of the same personnel and technologies were later used for the mass murder of Jews.
397:
2697:, Introduction: What is the Holocaust?, "This is why the focus here is on the Jews. Roma, the disabled, Soviet POWs, homosexuals and other groups were victims of the Nazis, and it is entirely legitimate to study their fate alongside one another. But using the term 'Holocaust' to encompass all of these groups with the aim of being inclusive and not prioritizing one group's suffering, actually does a disservice to groups other than Jews. For the Nazis persecuted these groups for different reasons, reasons we fail to appreciate if we collapse them all together.";
1124:, including more than 300,000 in Belarus. From 1942 onwards, the Germans and their allies targeted villages suspected of supporting the partisans, burning them and killing or expelling their inhabitants. During these operations, nearby small ghettos were liquidated and their inhabitants shot. By 1943, anti-partisan operations aimed for the depopulation of large areas of Belarus. Jews and those unfit for work were typically shot on the spot with others deported. Although most of those killed were not Jews, anti-partisan warfare often led to the deaths of Jews.
1031:, were established in existing residential neighborhoods and closed by fences or walls. In many smaller ghettos, Jews were forced into poor neighborhoods but with no fence. Forced labor programs provided subsistence to many ghetto inhabitants, and in some cases protected them from deportation. Workshops and factories were operated inside some ghettos, while in other cases Jews left the ghetto to work outside it. Because the ghettos were not segregated by sex some family life continued. A Jewish community leadership (
2701:, pp. 3 ("This book is about an encounter between two sets of human beings: on one hand, the people who acted on behalf of the German state, its agencies, or its almost 66 million citizens between 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945; on the other, the more than 9 million Jews ...") and 5 ("Those discoveries about the encounter between the Third Reich and the Jews made that encounter stand out in the minds of many from other instances of Nazi persecution and encouraged observers to assign it its own special name.");
26998:
2729:, p. 2, "Other groups—for example, Sinti and Roma, homosexuals, and Slavs—were swept up in the maelstrom of the Holocaust, but not for the same reasons as Jews and not with the same consequences ... In none of these cases, however, was the target group considered dangerous or coherent enough to warrant complete or immediate extirpation. This circumstance constitutes a significant difference from policies pursued toward the Jews, a difference that helps to clarify and define the Holocaust itself.";
525:
2765:, pp. 1–2, "For perhaps the first time, all major victim groups where the death tolls reached at least into the tens of thousands will be considered together: Jewish and non-Jewish ... it makes a great deal of sense to consider the different strands of Nazi mass killing together rather than in isolation from one another. This of course means going against the grain of most scholarship on the subject by examining the genocide of the European Jews alongside other Nazi mass-murder campaigns.";
594:
2293:
2270:
could not keep up were shot. The evacuations were ordered partly to retain the prisoners as forced labor and partly to avoid allowing any prisoners to fall into enemy hands. In
October and November 1944, 90,000 Jews were deported from Budapest to the Austrian border. The transfer of prisoners from Auschwitz began in mid-1944, the gas chambers were shut down and destroyed after October, and in January most of the remaining 67,000 Auschwitz prisoners were sent on a death march westwards.
1820:
deportation of Jews to their area by massacring local Jews in order to free up space in ghettos for the deportees. If the deported Jews did not die of harsh conditions, they were killed later in extermination camps. Jews deported to
Auschwitz were initially entered into the camp; the practice of conducting selections and murdering many prisoners upon arrival began in July 1942. In May and June, German and Slovak Jews deported to Lublin began to be sent directly to extermination camps.
27172:
27155:
22719:
21932:
14378:
23725:
27053:
27121:
22739:
27138:
27104:
724:, with varying rights. The regime also sought to segregate Jews with a view to their ultimate disappearance from the country. Jewish students were gradually forced out of the school system. Some municipalities enacted restrictions governing where Jews were allowed to live or conduct business. In 1938 and 1939, Jews were barred from additional occupations, and their businesses were expropriated to force them out of the economy.
27087:
1963:
obtain better jobs vacated by murdered Jews. Businessmen benefitted from eliminating their Jewish competitors or taking over Jewish-owned businesses. Others took over housing and possessions that had belonged to Jews. Some Poles living near the extermination camps later dug up human remains in search of valuables. The property of deported Jews was also appropriated by
Germany's allies and collaborating governments. Even
27070:
22729:
1237:. Typically, the pits would be guarded after the execution but sometimes a few victims managed to escape afterwards. Executions were public spectacles and the victims' property was looted both by the occupiers and local inhabitants. Around 200 ghettos were established in the occupied Soviet Union, with many existing only briefly before their inhabitants were executed. A few large ghettos such as Vilna,
2274:
escape forced labor. The death marches led to the breakdown of supplies for the camps that continued to exist, causing additional deaths. Although there was no systematic killing of Jews during the death marches, around 70,000 to 100,000 Jews died in the last months of the war. Many of the death march survivors ended up in other concentration camps that were liberated in 1945 during the
2431:. Although many survivors were in poor health, they attempted to organize self-government in these camps, including education and rehabilitation efforts. Due to the reluctance of other countries to allow their immigration, many survivors remained in Germany until the establishment of Israel in 1948. Others moved to the United States around 1950 due to loosened immigration restrictions.
2773:, p. 51, "The authors of this volume have adopted the third approach to a working definition: The Holocaust—that is, Nazi genocide—was the systematic, state-sponsored murder of entire groups determined by heredity. This applied to Jews, Gypsies, and the handicapped. This section also makes it clear that other definitions are defended by scholars who deserve a respectful hearing."
307:. Although many Jews tried to escape, surviving in hiding was difficult due to factors such as the lack of money to pay helpers and the risk of denunciation. The property, homes, and jobs belonging to murdered Jews were redistributed to the German occupiers and other non-Jews. Although the majority of Holocaust victims died in 1942, the killing continued at a lower rate until the
1692:. In March 1942, killings began in Belzec, targeting Jews from Lublin who were not capable of work. This action reportedly reduced the black market and was deemed a success to be replicated elsewhere. By mid-1942, Nazi leaders decided to allow only 300,000 Jews to survive in the General Governorate by the end of the year for forced labor; for the most part, only those working in
2484:, which the prosecution argued was the root of Nazi criminality; nevertheless, the systematic murder of Jews came to take center stage. This trial and others held by the Allies in occupied Germany—the United States Army alone charged 1,676 defendants in 462 war crimes trials—were widely perceived as an unjust form of political revenge by the German public.
2043:
hours, and abuse by employers. Hundreds of thousands died. Many others were forced to work for the occupiers without leaving their country of residence. Some of
Germany's allies, including Slovakia and Hungary, agreed to deport Jews to protect non-Jews from German demands for forced labor. East European women were also kidnapped, via
2684:, pp. 18–19, "Much of this debate curiously boils down to a very specific historical question, namely, did the Nazis target the Jews for genocide in a manner that was essentially different from their treatment of any other group under their rule? There can be little doubt that the Jews played a singular role in the Nazi
2623:, the Holocaust was evoked widely and divergently, by Jews and non-Jews alike. Whether Holocaust memory actually promotes human rights is disputed. In Israel, the memory of the Holocaust has been used at times to justify the use of force and violation of international human rights norms, in particular as part of the
2611:
self-critical memory of the
Holocaust developed in the 1970s and 1980s, and spread to some other western European countries. The national memories of the Holocaust were extended to the European Union as a whole, in which Holocaust memory has provided both shared history and an emotional rationale for committing to
1012:, but this proved impossible. The Nazis planned that harsh conditions in these areas would kill many Jews. In September 1939, around 7,000 Jews were killed, alongside thousands of Poles, however, they were not systematically targeted as they would be later, and open mass killings would subside until June of 1941.
1039:) exercised some authority and tried to sustain the Jewish community while following German demands. As a survival strategy, many tried to make the ghettos useful to the occupiers as a labor reserve. Jews in western Europe were not forced into ghettos but faced discriminatory laws and confiscation of property.
2368:, which was marked by the introduction of extermination camps. Roughly two million Jews were killed from March 1942 to November 1943. Around 1.47 million Jews were murdered in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942, a rate approximately 83% higher than the commonly suggested figure for the
2688:
and that German Jewish policies distinguished them within the Nazi universe of murder and fantasy; but other groups clearly have been similarly targeted in other genocides 'the extent of the 'final solution' was ... shaped by an antisemitism that was colored by a different element over and above the
2505:
Historians estimate that property losses to Jews of
Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, France, Poland, and Hungary amounted to around 10 billion in 1944 dollars, or $ 170 billion in 2023. This estimate does not include the value of labor extracted. Overall, the amount of Jewish property looted by the
2356:
Around six million Jews were killed. Of the six million victims, most of those killed were from
Eastern Europe, and with half from Poland alone. Around 1.3 million Jews who had once lived under Nazi rule or in one of Germany's allies survived the war. One-third of the Jewish population worldwide, and
2273:
In
January 1945, more than 700,000 people were imprisoned in the concentration camp system, of whom as many as a third died before the end of the war. At this time, most concentration camp prisoners were Soviet and Polish civilians, either arrested for real or supposed resistance or for attempting to
2038:
In mid-1943, Himmler sought to bring surviving Jewish forced laborers under the control of the SS in the concentration camp system. Some of the forced-labor camps for Jews and some ghettos, such as Kovno, were designated concentration camps, while others were dissolved and surviving prisoners sent to
2167:
Throughout the war, no detailed photo intelligence study was carried out on any of the major concentration or extermination camps. Appeals from Jewish representatives to the
American and British governments to bomb rail lines leading to the camps or crematoriums was rejected, with little to no input
1752:
At the same time as the mass killing of Jews in the
General Governorate, Jews who were in ghettos to the west and east were targeted. Tens of thousands of Jews were deported from ghettos in the Warthegau and East Upper Silesia to Chełmno and Auschwitz. 300,000 Jews—largely skilled laborers—were shot
1744:
between 22 July and 12 September. Of the original population of 350,000 Jews, 250,000 were killed at Treblinka, 11,000 were deported to labor camps, 10,000 were shot in the ghetto, 35,000 were allowed to remain in the ghetto after a final selection, and around 20,000 or 25,000 managed to hide in the
1368:
on 20 January 1942. This high-level meeting was intended to coordinate anti-Jewish policy. The majority of Holocaust killings were carried out in 1942, with it being the peak of the genocide, as over 3 million Jews were murdered, with 20 or 25 percent of Holocaust victims dying before early 1942 and
1311:
brigades, and local auxiliaries shot many Jews. By the end of 1941, more than 80 percent of the Jews in central Ukraine, eastern Belarus, Russia, Latvia, and Lithuania had been shot, but less than 25 percent of those living farther west where 900,000 remained alive. By the end of the war, around 1.5
1185:
The occupiers relied on locals to identify Jews to be targeted. The first German mass killings targeted adult male Jews who had worked as civil servants or in jobs requiring education. Tens of thousands were shot by the end of July. The vast majority of civilian victims were Jews. In July and August
2725:, p. xiii, "This book also reflects another of its editor's convictions: the Holocaust was National Socialist Germany's assault on the Jews of Europe. Nazism attacked many groups, but none for the same reason that it attacked the Jews, none with the same urgency, and none to the same extent.";
1441:
The camps were located on rail lines to make it easier to transport Jews to their deaths, but in remote places to avoid notice. The stench caused by mass killing operations was noticeable to anyone nearby. Except in the deportations from western and central Europe, people were typically deported to
1232:
The executions often took place a few kilometers from a town. Victims were rounded up and marched to the execution site, forced to undress, and shot into previously dug pits. The favored technique was a shot in the back of the neck with a single bullet. In the chaos, many victims were not killed by
1015:
During the invasion, synagogues were burned and thousands of Jews fled or were expelled into the Soviet occupation zone. Various anti-Jewish regulations were soon issued. In October 1939, adult Jews in the General Governorate were required to perform forced labor. In November 1939 they were ordered
2653:
points out how the Holocaust was unique in that it was "the industrial killing of millions of human beings in factories of death, ordered by a modern state, organized by a conscientious bureaucracy, and supported by a law-abiding, patriotic "civilized" society." Another debate concerns whether the
2241:, mostly to Auschwitz. The expropriation of Jewish property was useful to achieve Hungarian economic goals and sending the Jews as forced laborers avoided the need to send non-Jewish Hungarians. Those who survived the selection were forced to provide construction and manufacturing labor as part of
2042:
Including the Soviet prisoners of war, 13 million people were brought to Germany for forced labor. The largest nationalities were Soviet and Polish and they were the worst-treated groups except for Roma and Jews. Soviet and Polish forced laborers endured inadequate food and medical treatment, long
1184:
were reorganized in preparation for mass killings and instructed to shoot Soviet officials and Jewish state and party employees. The shootings were justified on the basis of Jews' supposed central role in supporting the communist system, but it was not initially envisioned to kill all Soviet Jews.
701:
made up less than 1 percent of the country's population in 1933. They were wealthier on average than other Germans and largely assimilated, although a minority were recent immigrants from eastern Europe. Various German government agencies, Nazi Party organizations, and local authorities instituted
2426:
convinced many survivors to leave eastern Europe. Antisemitism was reported to increase in several countries after the war, in part due to conflicts over property restitution. When the war ended, there were less than 28,000 German Jews and 60,000 non-German Jews in Germany. By 1947, the number of
2090:
The support, or at least absence of active opposition, of the local population was essential but often lacking in Eastern Europe. Those in hiding depended on the assistance of non-Jews. Having money, social connections with non-Jews, a non-Jewish appearance, perfect command of the local language,
2566:
declared that "the Holocaust, perhaps more than any other event in the past century, represents the pinnacle of evil". The Holocaust has been described as "perhaps the most savage and significant single crime in recorded history" and that of the most barbaric events in the twentieth century "the
2269:
Following Allied advances, the SS deported concentration camp prisoners to camps in Germany and Austria, starting in mid-1944 from the Baltics. Weak and sick prisoners were often killed in the camp and others were forced to travel by rail or on foot, usually with no or inadequate food. Those who
652:
Although the Nazis sought to control every aspect of public and private life, Nazi repression was directed almost entirely against groups perceived as outside the national community. Most Germans had little to fear provided they did not oppose the new regime. The new regime built popular support
2610:
to be drawn from the Holocaust, whether this is the case and what these lessons are is disputed. Communist states marginalized the topic of antisemitic persecution while eliding their nationals' collaboration with Nazism, a tendency that continued into the post-communist era. In West Germany, a
2557:
In the decades after the war, Holocaust memory was largely confined to the survivors and their communities. The popularity of Holocaust memory peaked in the 1990s after the fall of Communism, and became central to Western historical consciousness as a symbol of the ultimate human evil. Genocide
1962:
Millions of Germans and others benefited from the genocide. Corruption was rampant in the SS despite the proceeds of the Holocaust being designated as state property. Different German state agencies vied to receive property stolen from Jews murdered at the death camps. Many workers were able to
1938:
varied and has led to historiographical debate. Studies of the SS officials who organized the Holocaust have found that most had strong ideological commitment to Nazism. In addition to ideological factors, many perpetrators were motivated by the prospect of material gain and social advancement.
1720:
were often ordered to assist with liquidation actions, although these Jews were in most cases murdered later. Chaotic, capriciously executed selections determined who would be loaded onto the trains. Many Jews were shot during the action, often leaving ghettos strewn with corpses. Jewish forced
900:
to the Soviet interior, including as many as 260,000 Jews who largely survived the war. Although most Jews were not communists, some accepted positions in the Soviet administration, contributing to a pre-existing perception among many non-Jews that Soviet rule was a Jewish conspiracy. In 1940,
2034:
deliberately subjected workers to murderous conditions. Beginning in 1941 and increasingly as time went on, Jews capable of employment were separated from others—who were usually killed. They were typically employed in non-skilled jobs and could be replaced easily if non-Jewish workers were
1819:
Unlike the killing areas in the east, the deportation from elsewhere in Europe was centrally organized from Berlin, although it depended on the outcome of negotiations with allied governments and popular responses to deportation. Beginning in late 1941, local administrators responded to the
744:
Anti-Jewish violence, largely locally organized by members of Nazi Party institutions, took primarily non-lethal forms from 1933 to 1939. Jewish stores, especially in rural areas, were often boycotted or vandalized. As a result of local and popular pressure, many small towns became entirely
2357:
two-thirds of European Jews, had been wiped out. Death rates varied widely due to a variety of factors and approached 100 percent in some areas. Some reasons why survival chances varied was the availability of emigration and protection from Germany's allies—which saved around 600,000 Jews.
1933:
An estimated 200,000 to 250,000 Germans were directly involved in killing Jews, and if one includes all those involved in the organization of extermination, the number rises to 500,000. Genocide required the active and tacit consent of millions of Germans and non-Germans. The motivation of
1954:
partisans, and some civilians. Some were coerced into committing violence against Jews, but others killed for entertainment, material rewards, the possibility of better treatment from the occupiers, or ideological motivations such as nationalism and anti-communism. According to historian
1332:
in Poland, and the beginning of the deportation of German Jews as indicative of the final decision having been made before December 1941. Others argue that these policies were initiatives by local leaders and that the final decision was made later. On 5 December 1941, the Soviet Union
782:. By the end of 1939, most Jews who could emigrate had already done so; those who remained behind were disproportionately elderly, poor, or female and could not obtain a visa. The plurality, around 110,000, left for the United States, while smaller numbers emigrated to South America,
797:
Besides Germany, a significant number of other European countries abandoned democracy for some kind of authoritarian or fascist rule. Many countries, including Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia, passed antisemitic legislation in the 1930s and 1940s. In October 1938,
2529:. Germany paid pensions and other reparations for harm done to some Holocaust survivors. Other countries have paid restitution for assets stolen from Jews from these countries. Most Western European countries restored some property to Jews after the war, while communist countries
2029:
and segregated work details. These camps were often of a temporary nature and typically overseen by civilian authorities. Initially, mortality did not increase dramatically. After mid-1941, conditions for Jewish forced laborers drastically worsened and death rates increased; even
2733:, pp. 1–2, "For the purpose of this book, the Holocaust is understood as the genocide of the Jews ... 'Holocaust', then, refers to the genocide of the Jews, which by no means excludes an understanding that other groups—notably Romanies and Slavs—were victims of genocide.";
2689:
racism and ethno-nationalism that explains the murder of other groups by Nazi Germany—that element being the view of 'the Jews' as an implacable, collective world enemy.' To be sure, this makes the Holocaust unique only within the context of the Nazi empire ...";
2403:. In some countries, such as Hungary, Jews were a majority of civilian deaths; in Poland, they were either a majority or about half. In other countries such as the Soviet Union, France, Greece, and Yugoslavia, non-Jewish civilian losses outnumbered Jewish deaths.
1082:. To increase the speed of conquest the Germans planned to feed their army by looting, exporting additional food to Germany, and to terrorize the local inhabitants with preventative killings. The Germans foresaw that the invasion would cause a food shortfall and
1696:
were spared. The majority of ghettos were liquidated in mass executions nearby, especially if they were not near a train station. Larger ghettos were more commonly liquidated during multiple deportations to extermination camps. During this campaign, 1.5 million
2741:, pp. 45 ("The Holocaust is commonly defined as the mass murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans during World War II. Not everyone finds this a fully satisfactory definition.") and 51 ("the traditional view that it was the genocide of the Jews alone")
2039:
a concentration camp. Despite many deaths, as many as 200,000 Jews survived the war inside the concentration camps. Although most Holocaust victims were never imprisoned in a concentration camp, the image of these camps is a popular symbol of the Holocaust.
2101:
in most European countries, and often were overrepresented. Jews were not always welcome, particularly in nationalist resistance groups—some of which killed Jews. Particularly in Belarus, with its favorable geography of dense forests, many Jews joined the
1687:
Plans to kill most of the Jews in the General Governorate were affected by various goals of the SS, military, and civil administration to reduce the amount of food consumed by Jews, enable a slight increase in rations to non-Jewish Poles, and combat the
2506:
Nazis was about 10 percent of the total stolen from occupied countries. Efforts by survivors to receive reparations for their losses began immediately after World War II. There was an additional wave of restitution efforts in the 1990s connected to the
2160:(JDC) raised $ 70 million and in the years after the war it raised $ 300 million. This money was spent aiding emigrants and providing direct relief in the form of parcels and other assistance to Jews living under German occupation, and after the war to
620:
in January 1933 in a backroom deal supported by right-wing politicians. Within months, all other political parties were banned, the regime seized control of the media, tens of thousands of political opponents—especially communists—were arrested, and
2152:
condemning the systematic murder of Jews. Most neutral countries in Europe maintained a pro-German foreign policy during the war. Nevertheless, some Jews were able to escape to neutral countries, whose policies ranged from rescue to non-action.
2380:
states that over two million Jews were murdered from late July to mid-November, stating that "these three-and-a-half months were the most intense, the deadliest of the entire Holocaust". It was the fastest rate of genocidal killing in history.
2035:
available, but those in skilled positions had a higher chance of survival. Although conditions varied widely between camps, Jewish forced laborers were typically treated worse than non-Jewish prisoners and suffered much higher mortality rates.
2225:
in the face of a half-hearted German deportation effort in late 1943. Additional killings in 1943 and 1944 eliminated all remaining ghettos and most surviving Jews in Eastern Europe. Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka were shut down and
2086:
was essential to take action, but many struggled to believe the news. Many attempted to jump from trains or flee ghettos and camps, but successfully escaping and living in hiding was extremely difficult and often unsuccessful.
1765:
and Galicia killed many Jews. Although there was practically no resistance in the General Governorate in 1942, some Soviet Jews improvised weapons, attacked those attempting to liquidate the ghetto, and set it on fire. These
1469:(largely Ukrainian auxiliaries), and very few German guards. About half of the Jews killed in the Holocaust died by poison gas. Thousands of Romani people were also murdered in the extermination camps. Prisoner uprisings at
1115:
were intended to die in large numbers. Sixty percent—3.3 million people—died, primarily of starvation, making them the second largest group of victims of Nazi mass killing after European Jews. Jewish prisoners of war and
2537:
that never passed any restitution legislation. Many restitution programs fell short of restoration of prewar assets, and in particular, large amounts of immovable property was never returned to survivors or their heirs.
1848:
and other resistance efforts in France. The death rate in the Netherlands was higher than neighboring countries, which scholars have attributed to difficulty in hiding or increased collaboration of the Dutch police.
1823:
In Western Europe, almost all Jewish deaths occurred after deportation. The occupiers often relied on local policemen to arrest Jews, limiting the number who were deported. In 1942, nearly 100,000 Jews were deported
2737:, p. 1, "Between 5,100,000 and 6,200,000 Jews were murdered during the Second World War, an episode the Nazis called the 'final solution of the Jewish question'. The world today knows it as the Holocaust.";
1782:
necessitated the use of heavy weapons. The uprising in Warsaw prompted the Nazi leadership to liquidate additional ghettos and labor camps in German-occupied Poland with their inhabitants massacred, such as the
2496:
in 1961. Instead of convicting Eichmann on the basis of documentary evidence, Israeli prosecutors asked many Holocaust survivors to testify, a strategy that increased publicity but has proven controversial.
1312:
to 2 million Jews were shot and as many as 225,000 Roma. The murderers found the executions distressing and logistically inconvenient, which influenced the decision to switch to other methods of killing.
2164:. The United States banned sending relief into German-occupied Europe after entering the war, but the JDC continued to do so. From 1939 to 1944, 81,000 European Jews emigrated with the JDC's assistance.
438:. By the early twentieth century, most Jews in central and western Europe were well integrated into society, while in eastern Europe, where emancipation had arrived later, many Jews continued to live in
21790:
1296:
near Riga, but Himmler ordered an end to such massacres and some in the senior Nazi leadership voiced doubts about killing German Jews. Executions of German Jews in the Baltics resumed in early 1942.
1787:, or deported to extermination camps for fear of additional Jewish resistance developing. Nevertheless, in early 1944, more than 70,000 Jews were performing forced labor in the General Governorate.
885:
2518:
2461:
that affected possibly as much as 2–3 percent of the population of Europe, although most of the resulting trials did not emphasize crimes against Jews. Nazi atrocities led to the United Nations'
1465:
reported a combined revenue of RM 178.7 million from belongings stolen from their victims, far exceeding costs. Combined, the camps required the labor of less than 3,000 Jewish prisoners, 1,000
17287:
2249:. Although the Nazis' goal of eliminating any Jewish population from Germany had largely been achieved in 1943, it was reversed in 1944 as a result of the importation of these Jews for labor.
1016:
to wear white armbands. Laws decreed the seizure of most Jewish property and the takeover of Jewish-owned businesses. When Jews were forced into ghettos, they lost their homes and belongings.
2278:. The liberators found piles of corpses that they had to bulldoze into mass graves. Some survivors were freed there and others had been liberated by the Red Army during its march westwards.
11209:
2217:, with limited success. Attempts to continue deportations in Western Europe after 1942 often failed because of Jews going into hiding and the increasing recalcitrance of local authorities.
2083:
7601:
17496:
2372:. Between July to October 1942, two million Jews were murdered, including Operation Reinhard and other killings, with over three million Jews killed in 1942 alone, as stated by historian
16724:
12477:
18580:
23184:
1000:
of the General Governorate. 45,000 Jews were deported by November and left to fend for themselves, causing many deaths. Deportations stopped in early 1940 due to the opposition of
7066:
2665:, the world Jewish population reached 15.2 million by the end of 2020 – approximately 1.4 million less than on the eve of the Holocaust in 1939, when the number was 16.6 million.
12504:
1704:
In order to reduce resistance, the ghetto would be raided without warning, usually in the early morning, and the extent of the operation would be concealed as long as possible.
779:
269:
1217:
1745:
ghetto. Misdirection efforts convinced many Jews that they could avoid deportation until it was too late. During a six-week period beginning in August, 300,000 Jews from the
2422:
After liberation, many Jews attempted to return home. Limited success in finding relatives, the refusal of many non-Jews to return property, and violent attacks such as the
20787:
12972:
8446:
2427:
Jews in Germany had increased to 250,000 owing to emigration from eastern Europe allowed by the communist authorities; Jews made up around 25 percent of the population of
1861:
1086:
of Soviet cities and some rural areas. Although the starvation policy was less successful than planners hoped, the residents of some cities, particularly in Ukraine, and
25569:
18384:
17531:
16060:
12139:
848:
365:
25314:
1324:
to kill all Jews across Europe, but there is disagreement when. Some historians cite inflammatory statements by Hitler and other Nazi leaders as well as the concurrent
24922:
15511:
1004:, the leader of the General Governorate, who did not want his fiefdom to become a dumping ground for unwanted Jews. After the conquest of France, the Nazis considered
19431:
1201:' zones of operation, relaying orders to kill more Jews. At this time, the killers began to murder Jewish women and children too. Executions peaked at 40,000 a month
26920:
24938:
23244:
17152:
2477:
299:. Victims were deported by rail to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were killed with poison gas. Other Jews continued to be employed in
1268:
from 1941 to 1943. Jews from Transnistria were also imprisoned in these ghettos, where the total death toll may have reached 160,000. Hungary expelled thousands of
1939:
German SS, police, and regular army units rarely had trouble finding enough men to shoot Jewish civilians, even though punishment for refusal was absent or light.
25258:
2395:
Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and POWs; estimated by Gerlach at 6 to 8 million, at more than 10 million by
714:
in 1935. The laws reserved full citizenship rights for those of "German or related blood", restricted Jews' economic activity, and criminalized new marriages and
24861:
24833:
23977:
15829:
2428:
26899:
25578:
25265:
24399:
23451:
22844:
19127:
19314:
25881:
25244:
24553:
24178:
23379:
23232:
18731:
17826:
17556:
17546:
17263:
16068:
15802:
13668:
12529:
12174:
2168:
from the War Departments of the United States or United Kingdom. However, debate exists on whether a military response would have impacted on the Holocaust.
2057:
despite the prohibition of relationships, including fraternization, between German and foreign workers, which imposed the penalty of imprisonment and death.
1873:
1261:
24894:
24840:
24026:
23323:
22510:
19234:
17231:
1058:
on 22 June 1941. Although the war was launched more for strategic than ideological reasons, what Hitler saw as an apocalyptic battle against the forces of
1023:
were established in the Wartheland and General Governorate in 1939 and 1940 on the initiative of local German administrators. The largest ghettos, such as
19943:
360:
is sometimes used to refer to the persecution of other groups that the Nazis targeted, especially those targeted on a biological basis, in particular the
25351:
24847:
24463:
21022:
15424:
8509:
1224:
840:
18838:
517:
united Germans across the political spectrum. The military promoted the untrue but compelling idea that, rather than being defeated on the battlefield,
23873:
18969:
18846:
16100:
9757:
2149:
2133:
16807:
1979:
for harboring gold deposited by Nazis who had stolen it during the Holocaust, as well as profiting from unclaimed deposits made by Holocaust victims.
573:(living space) in Eastern Europe for colonization. These ideas appealed to many Germans. The Nazis promised to protect European civilization from the
25237:
24684:
24560:
23256:
22662:
13879:
12305:
11181:
10499:
1976:
202:
170:
9318:
How Do We Remember the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust? A Global View of an Integrated Memory of Perpetrators, Victims and Third-party Countries
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18670:
18626:
17120:
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11287:
15490:
2533:
many formerly Jewish assets, meaning that the overall amount restored to Jews has been lower in those countries. Poland is the only member of the
24974:
24286:
22775:
21717:
18377:
16979:
16759:
16195:
15456:
15370:
13217:
12980:
11890:
7611:
1228:
Shooting from behind became popular because killers did not have to look at their victims' faces and the dead were likely to fall into the grave.
692:
20874:
2193:
in May or June 1944. Men are lined up to the right, women and children to the left. About 25 percent were selected for work and the rest gassed.
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23657:
23130:
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22924:
21698:
20471:
19305:
17279:
16441:
15866:
15464:
13869:
9345:
1426:
programme—amid increasing talk among German administrators in Poland of large-scale murder of Jews in the General Governorate. In late 1941 in
1338:
1112:
703:
26792:
20554:
18755:
9001:
8050:
547:
is often cited as the main factor explaining the Holocaust. From the beginning, the Nazis—not unlike other nation-states in Europe—dreamed of
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23118:
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16353:
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14147:
12669:
12509:
2634:
as well. It is the single most documented and studied genocide in history. It is also seen as the archetype of genocide and the benchmark in
2592:
1795:
1383:
1346:
331:
25300:
16187:
2213:
in late 1943, Germany deported several thousand Jews from Italy and the former Italian occupation zones of France, Yugoslavia, Albania, and
25678:
25534:
25518:
25490:
24738:
23945:
23391:
23338:
23333:
23328:
22462:
20777:
20668:
13663:
12804:
12799:
12791:
11292:
11204:
6265:
2157:
609:
501:(1914–1918) intensified nationalist and racist sentiments in Germany and other European countries. Jews in eastern Europe were targeted by
7138:
3721:
1663:
1170:, Ukraine, and the Romanian borderlands. Although German forces tried to incite pogroms, their role in causing violence is controversial.
26435:
25502:
25414:
25358:
25321:
24603:
23645:
23160:
22445:
21710:
18319:
18226:
18060:
17561:
12208:
12032:
8974:
2094:
2031:
1947:
1733:
1438:
became the preferred killing method in extermination camps after gassing experiments were conducted on Russian POWs in late August 1941.
865:
was established to hold those members of the Polish intelligentsia not killed in the purges. Around 400,000 Poles were expelled from the
844:
373:
30:
This article is about the state-sponsored genocide of European Jews during World War II. For all peoples persecuted during this era, see
8113:(2024). "The Long Term and the Short Term: Antisemitism and the Holocaust". In Weitzman, Mark; Williams, Robert J.; Wald, James (eds.).
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1877:
1857:
1094:
634:
380:
was dropped as redundant and Holocaust, now capitalized, became the default term for the destruction of European Jews. The Hebrew word
18474:
8114:
2457:
Most Holocaust perpetrators were never put on trial for their crimes. During and after World War II, many European countries launched
1959:, non-Germans "not under German command" caused 5 to 6 percent of the Jewish deaths, and their involvement was crucial in other ways.
26913:
25541:
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15598:
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1901:
272:
regardless of means to attempt to emigrate, the regime passed anti-Jewish laws, encouraged harassment, and orchestrated a nationwide
11392:
1892:
in September 1943, there were no serious attempt to deport Italian Jews, and Italy refused to allow the deportation of Jews in many
1100:
727:
26762:
24581:
24355:
24118:
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23795:
22348:
21780:
21415:
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18304:
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17831:
17798:
15519:
14416:
14358:
14084:
13614:
12243:
11692:
10837:
Burzlaff, Jan (2020). "Confronting the Communal Grave: a Reassessment of Social Relations During the Holocaust in Eastern Europe".
2050:
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1398:
and first used in November 1941; victims were forced into the van and killed with engine exhaust. The first extermination camp was
8191:
2361:
and the elderly faced even lower survival rates than adults. It is considered to be the single largest genocide in human history.
2197:
After German military defeats in 1943, it became increasingly evident that Germany would lose the war. In early 1943, 45,000 Jews
718:. Jews were defined as those with three or four Jewish grandparents; many of those with partial Jewish descent were classified as
25657:
25454:
24491:
23991:
23903:
23839:
22368:
21966:
18309:
18299:
18055:
15583:
13813:
13427:
12919:
12591:
12112:
11840:
11235:
11186:
11004:
8514:
8451:
8306:
8196:
7606:
2576:
2550:
2400:
2123:
1693:
1325:
897:
356:", has become the most common word used to describe the Nazi extermination of Jews in English and many other languages. The term
327:
222:
206:
73:
16496:
15383:
8456:
2488:
later investigated 100,000 people and tried more than 6,000 defendants, mainly low-level perpetrators. The high-level organizer
1993:
27222:
25860:
25372:
24222:
23760:
23190:
22704:
21795:
19839:
19717:
18550:
16108:
14951:
14168:
13818:
13777:
13721:
11416:
2630:
The Holocaust is the most well-known genocide in history, and is considered to be the single most infamous case of genocide in
2603:
in some countries; while denials of the Holocaust have been promoted by various Middle Eastern governments, figures and media.
2214:
938:
23238:
2619:. In contrast to Europe, in the United States the memory of the Holocaust tends to be more abstract and universalized. During
2198:
977:
26456:
26361:
25888:
25634:
25509:
24595:
24569:
24426:
24132:
24049:
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22903:
22834:
20905:
20335:
18214:
18209:
17526:
16842:
16036:
15898:
15122:
14903:
14173:
10818:
10792:
10770:
10724:
10697:
10663:
10628:
10606:
10587:
10568:
10542:
10519:
10489:
10470:
10447:
10421:
10394:
10368:
10346:
10324:
10298:
10276:
10241:
10215:
10192:
10166:
10130:
10101:
10075:
10046:
9994:
9968:
9940:
9915:
9871:
9845:
9798:
9770:
9742:
9710:
9685:
9659:
9633:
9607:
9581:
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9396:
9368:
9329:
9273:
9011:
8984:
8954:
8490:
8136:
8094:
8060:
5658:
2392:, the murder of some 43,000 Jews, the single largest massacre of Jews by German forces, occurring from 3 to 4 November 1943.
1289:
369:
245:. Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term
23487:
2575:, in which its advocates argue promotes citizenship while reducing prejudice generally, became widespread at the same time.
2257:
2181:
1280:
and ban emigration. Between mid-October and the end of 1941, 42,000 Jews from Germany and its annexed territories and 5,000
26689:
26096:
25982:
25147:
24614:
24610:
24588:
24192:
21705:
20802:
20487:
20408:
20077:
19673:
18557:
18231:
17942:
17271:
16791:
16400:
16320:
15200:
13770:
13552:
13542:
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13520:
13437:
11796:
11214:
11054:
9808:
2137:
2054:
1269:
1043:
502:
242:
77:
21350:
2388:
over the course of nine hours, in what was the largest number ever killed in a death camp on a single day. It was part of
1154:
The systematic murder of Jews began in the Soviet Union in 1941. During the invasion, many Jews were conscripted into the
27212:
27041:
26604:
26068:
25400:
25386:
24599:
23583:
23445:
22768:
22117:
19543:
17894:
17876:
17027:
16371:
16134:
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15117:
14064:
14057:
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12601:
12434:
12079:
11542:
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2206:
2077:
1621:
1427:
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followed the army to eliminate any possible resistance. Around 50,000 Polish and Polish Jewish leaders and intellectuals
670:
67:
18505:
10688:
Spoerer, Mark (2020). "The Nazi War Economy, the Forced Labor System, and the Murder of Jewish and Non-Jewish Workers".
1276:. At the beginning of September, all German Jews were required to wear a yellow star, and in October, Hitler decided to
1216:
Original Nazi propaganda caption: "Too bad even for a bullet... The Jews shown here were shot at once." 28 June 1941 in
26813:
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26560:
26138:
25853:
25804:
25562:
25117:
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24208:
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23910:
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20809:
20180:
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14021:
13604:
13577:
13557:
12885:
12854:
12827:
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11630:
9472:
8497:
As well as the six million Jews who were murdered, more than ten million other non-combatants were killed by the Nazis.
7265:
2753:, pp. 26–27, "Rather than one big thing, the Holocaust might now be described as an array of event categories. In
2562:
asserted that "the Holocaust has gradually supplanted genocide as modernity's icon of evil", while political scientist
2275:
1212:
902:
19445:
2106:—an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 across the Soviet Union. An additional 10,000 to 13,000 Jewish non-combatants lived in
1770:
were only undertaken when the inhabitants began to believe that their death was certain. In 1943, larger uprisings in
26929:
25811:
25783:
25600:
25182:
24901:
24868:
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23348:
22549:
22532:
21994:
20479:
20228:
20221:
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16116:
15535:
14152:
14109:
13658:
12849:
12662:
11411:
11156:
10647:
10386:
10021:
9041:
8788:
7236:
7196:
7120:
7087:
2616:
2234:
1133:
906:
626:
613:
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13001:
12844:
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11431:
11372:
11347:
11136:
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1913:
1888:. Romania and Hungary did not send any Jews, which were the largest surviving populations after 1942. Prior to the
1881:
1833:
914:
764:
560:
27161:
24709:
759:(Night of Broken Glass), a nationwide pogrom. Over 7,500 Jewish shops (out of 9,000) were looted, more than 1,000
749:
and as many as a third of Jewish businesses may have been forced to close. Anti-Jewish violence was even worse in
27127:
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26331:
26320:
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25915:
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11270:
10578:
Messenger, David A. (2020). "The Geopolitics of Neutrality: Diplomacy, Refuge, and Rescue during the Holocaust".
9818:
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1836:. Only 25 percent of the Jews in France were killed; most of them were either non-citizens or recent immigrants.
459:
265:
24879:
24447:
19239:
17566:
10408:(2007). "Introduction: A History Without Boundaries: the Robbery and Restitution of Jewish Property in Europe".
9596:
Searching for Justice After the Holocaust: Fulfilling the Terezin Declaration and Immovable Property Restitution
2026:
1090:, as well as the Jewish ghettos, endured human-made famine, during which millions of people died of starvation.
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10480:
Kansteiner, Wulf (2017). "Transnational Holocaust Memory, Digital Culture and the End of Reception Studies".
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13648:
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13128:
12822:
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11992:
11620:
11489:
11464:
11342:
10961:
10932:
9907:
9730:
7148:
2709:, p. 291, "the established understanding of the Holocaust today as the genocide of six million Jews";
2600:
2458:
1988:
1865:
1588:
1462:
1273:
862:
662:
582:
563:
and sought to purge it of racially foreign and socially deficient elements. The Nazi Party and its leader,
405:
300:
285:
226:
23519:
19696:
19007:
14011:
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may have been shot by the German invaders; there was also a great deal of looting. Special units known as
27076:
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26297:
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25839:
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25307:
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19911:
19796:
18085:
18080:
17924:
17904:
17136:
17011:
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15890:
14939:
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14574:
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13633:
13447:
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12611:
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12267:
11479:
11436:
11397:
11297:
11131:
10997:
10863:
7257:
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2385:
1434:
deemed "unfit for work" began to be sent in groups to Auschwitz where they were murdered. In early 1942,
1407:
23533:
21584:
14724:
14489:
11589:
326:
have been paid, although falling short of the Jews' losses. The Holocaust has also been commemorated in
27262:
26771:
26267:
26186:
26131:
26019:
25975:
25625:
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25077:
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10783:(2020). "Old Nazis, Ordinary Men, and New Killers: Synthetic and Divergent Histories of Perpetrators".
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continues to be popular among the broader public after being largely rejected by historians. Scholar
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384:("catastrophic destruction") exclusively refers to Jewish victims. The perpetrators used the phrase "
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After the expansion of killings to target the entire Soviet Jewish population, the 3,000 men of the
334:. It has become central to Western historical consciousness as a symbol of the ultimate human evil.
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in restitution and compensation to Holocaust survivors and heirs. In 1952, West Germany negotiated
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10640:"Recognition, Justice, and Memory: Swedish-Jewish Reactions to the Holocaust and the Major Trials"
7228:
2128:
The Nazi leaders knew that their actions would bring international condemnation. On 26 June 1942,
1975:
were able to successfully lay claim to Jewish property. In the decades after the war, Swiss banks
213:, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out primarily through
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The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939–March 1942
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1876:), and later deported several thousand Jews in 1942 and 1943. Bulgaria deported 11,000 Jews from
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376:. All of these groups, however, were targeted for different reasons. By the 1970s, the adjective
19373:
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10555:(2023). "A Common History of Violence?: The Pogroms of Summer 1941 in Comparative Perspective".
2025:
Beginning in 1938—especially in Germany and its annexed territories—many Jews were drafted into
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carried out the action. In addition to local non-Jewish collaborators, the Jewish councils and
1406:
with Himmler's approval; it began operations in December 1941 using gas vans. In October 1941,
1342:
1162:, 1.6 million were Jews. Local inhabitants killed as many as 50,000 Jews in pogroms in Latvia,
893:
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of nearly 1 billion RM, mostly from Jews. The policy of forced emigration continued into 1940.
486:
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343:
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98:
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710:. After hounding the German Jews out of public life by the end of 1934, the regime passed the
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where many died from starvation, abuse, exhaustion, or being used as test subjects in deadly
81:
17:
24635:
19119:
19087:
10957:"Gender and Selection During the Holocaust: Transports of Western European Jews to the East"
10263:(2010). "The Holocaust – a Global Memory? Extensions and Limits of a New Memory Community".
9696:
2525:
3 billion (around $ 714 million) to Israel and DM 450 million (around $ 107 million) to the
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described it as the "singularly most monstrous crime committed in the history of mankind".
2481:
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1717:
1431:
1353:, "The world war is here; the annihilation of the Jews must be the necessary consequence."
1350:
1174:
1063:
1055:
548:
510:
21338:
21333:
19380:
15089:
14988:
12353:
5676:"The victims of unethical human experiments and coerced research under National Socialism"
1256:
Victims of mass shootings included Jews deported from elsewhere. Besides Germany, Romania
637:, and those perceived as workshy—through a variety of measures, including imprisonment in
567:, were also obsessed with reversing Germany's territorial losses and acquiring additional
8:
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12482:
12328:
11915:
10359:(2020). "A Sustained Civilian Struggle: Rethinking Jewish Responses to the Nazi Regime".
10158:
9625:
9223:"Jews and the Racial State: Legacies of the Holocaust in Apartheid South Africa, 1945–60"
7162:
2803:
2584:
2572:
2462:
2186:
2161:
1972:
1852:
The German government sought the deportation of Jews from allied countries. The first to
1812:
1668:
1329:
1147:
1093:
By mid-June 1941, about 30,000 Jews had died, 20,000 of whom had starved to death in the
986:
870:
819:
787:
479:
435:
431:
315:
21105:
19055:
15948:
11710:
11700:
10893:
Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire. Revue pluridisciplinaire de la Fondation Auschwitz
10858:
9928:
Mordecai Would Not Bow Down: Anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Christian Supersessionism
8350:
1246:
1120:
were systematically executed. About a million civilians were killed by the Nazis during
1028:
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that increased economic conflicts between Jews and non-Jews. Some scientists began to
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9841:
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9569:
Genocide, the Holocaust and Israel-Palestine: First-Person History in Times of Crisis
9549:
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16915:
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15503:
10928:"Whose Feelings Matter? Holocaust Memory, Empathy, and Redemptive Anti-Antisemitism"
9814:
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States: Decisions and Annotations
9391:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19, 34, 204, 396, 452, 480.
5691:
2885:
2870:
2233:
The largest murder action after 1942 was that against the Hungarian Jews. After the
295:
Later in 1941 or early 1942, the highest levels of the German government decided to
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10861:(2012). "Governments-in-exile and the Jews during and after the Second World War".
10846:
10802:
10712:
10651:
10552:
10503:
10378:
10148:
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10063:
The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined
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It took the Nazis several months after this to organize a continent-wide genocide.
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The Trajectory of Holocaust Memory: The Crisis of Testimony in Theory and Practice
8859:
8843:
5674:
Weindling, Paul; von Villiez, Anna; Loewenau, Aleksandra; Farron, Nichola (2016).
1402:
in the Wartheland, established on the initiative of the local civil administrator
1394:
developed from those used to kill mental patients since 1939 were assigned to the
396:
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14494:
14432:
13967:
13233:
12986:
12606:
12446:
12439:
12256:
12159:
12017:
11997:
11910:
11746:
10709:
Ideologies of Race: The Construction and Suppression of Otherness in Nazi Germany
10655:
10152:
10036:
9978:
9926:
9901:
9812:
9784:
9724:
9591:
9567:
9539:
9535:
9238:
7064:
5433:
2661:
The Jewish population still remains below pre-Holocaust levels. According to the
2107:
1808:
1593:
1565:
1537:
1411:
1142:
1117:
1079:
1005:
997:
971:
967:
783:
715:
674:
646:
514:
455:
401:
26997:
15288:
14509:
13925:
9500:
847:. During the five weeks of fighting, as many as 16,000 civilians, hostages, and
26892:
26428:
26354:
24406:
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23397:
23286:
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16296:
16288:
16264:
15849:
15696:
15688:
15293:
14961:
14800:
14785:
14780:
14775:
14744:
14644:
14619:
14524:
14426:
14216:
14094:
13997:
13962:
13849:
13365:
13175:
13143:
13108:
13029:
12519:
12414:
12313:
12284:
11976:
11940:
11895:
11605:
11512:
10639:
10502:(2023). "Can – or Should – There Be a Political Science of the Holocaust?". In
10482:
The Twentieth Century in European Memory: Transcultural Mediation and Reception
10413:
10334:
10260:
9752:
9669:
8478:
2579:
is commemorated each year on 27 January, while some other countries have set a
2534:
2493:
2489:
2396:
1746:
1403:
1105:
874:
853:
711:
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was set up. The Nazi regime cracked down on crime and social outsiders—such as
616:, by campaigning on issues such as anticommunism and economic recovery. Hitler
427:
385:
296:
27059:
21434:
21402:
19466:
11900:
11720:
10850:
10716:
10122:
9826:
9389:
The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression
8947:
The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression
2806:
from other forced-labor camps and from the single-purpose extermination camps.
2296:
Holocaust deaths as an approximate percentage of the 1939 Jewish population:
1250:
1042:
Rape and sexual exploitation of Jewish and non-Jewish women in eastern Europe
673:(1939) also increased the Nazis' popular support. Germans were inundated with
612:, the Nazi Party rapidly increased its support, reaching a high of 37 percent
27191:
26703:
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14514:
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12409:
12338:
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12097:
11927:
11884:
11730:
11715:
10910:
10889:"Aktion Reinhardt – Sources, Research and Commemoration in the last 30 years"
10754:
10597:
Miron, Guy (2020). "Ghettos and Ghettoization – History and Historiography".
9384:
9027:
8942:
8366:
8333:"Quantifying the Holocaust: Hyperintense kill rates during the Nazi genocide"
8283:
8076:
7113:
Israel and the Daughters of the Shoah: Reoccupying the Territories of Silence
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1024:
982:
878:
823:
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707:
138:
134:
21499:
19155:
14659:
14031:
13942:
12912:
10117:. Vol. 2: Milgram's Obedience Experiments and the Holocaust. Springer.
8080:
551:, whom they identified as "the embodiment of everything that was wrong with
524:
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13402:
13348:
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12875:
12732:
12678:
12621:
11771:
11756:
11751:
11725:
11678:
11610:
11572:
11322:
10901:
10619:(2020). "War Crimes Trials, the Holocaust, and Historiography, 1943–2011".
10405:
9643:
9289:
8970:
8384:
8358:
8110:
7073:
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1897:
1804:
1709:
1705:
1689:
1466:
1321:
1304:
1285:
1238:
1234:
1198:
1074:. A quick victory was expected and was planned to be followed by a massive
1020:
706:. In 1933, Jews were banned or restricted from several professions and the
593:
574:
564:
281:
198:
194:
166:
102:
59:
15590:
8128:
2242:
1927:
763:
were damaged or destroyed, at least 90 Jews were murdered, and as many as
26641:
26627:
26289:
24965:
24786:
24771:
24125:
23166:
22982:
22607:
22574:
22152:
22132:
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21305:
21275:
21119:
20992:
19183:
18822:
16955:
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16272:
15399:
14649:
14604:
14584:
14519:
14317:
13265:
13071:
13066:
13034:
12627:
12144:
11761:
11615:
10286:
9950:
9563:
9460:
7185:
The War That Hitler Won: The Most Infamous Propaganda Campaign in History
6270:
2650:
2377:
2012:
1943:
1698:
1630:
1602:
1574:
1546:
1419:
1242:
1205:
in August and September and in October and November reached their height
1083:
799:
772:
698:
622:
498:
419:
174:
130:
10337:(2020). "Survivors of the Holocaust within the Nazi Universe of Camps".
10311:(2020). "All the Other Neighbors: Communal Genocide in Eastern Europe".
10090:
Hi Hitler! How the Nazi Past is Being Normalized in Contemporary Culture
8291:
8267:
7147:(in Polish). Vol. 22, no. 2707. pp. 70–72. Archived from
1800:
1721:
laborers had to clean it up and collect any valuables from the victims.
25996:
25749:
25728:
24621:
23954:
23882:
23037:
23032:
22503:
22157:
22147:
22084:
21449:
21199:
21162:
21088:
20976:
20816:
19176:
19169:
19095:
18739:
18331:
17884:
17734:
17491:
17417:
16963:
16542:
16503:
16084:
15980:
15559:
15107:
14534:
14504:
13947:
13937:
13788:
13457:
13343:
13260:
12991:
12930:
12616:
12451:
12224:
12002:
10644:
Early Holocaust Memory in Sweden: Archives, Testimonies and Reflections
10383:
The Jews, the Holocaust, and the Public: The Legacies of David Cesarani
9734:
9622:
The Holocaust in Eastern Europe: At the Epicenter of the Final Solution
8086:
5461:
2567:
Holocaust probably ranks as the very worst". Renowned German historian
2292:
2144:, documenting the killing of 700,000 Jews in Poland. In December 1942,
1926:
guards and female staff auxiliaries enjoying themselves on vacation in
1511:
1001:
993:
866:
720:
569:
540:
261:
146:
142:
16280:
9363:(1st ed.). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 7–10.
9222:
8510:"Documenting numbers of victims of the Holocaust and Nazi persecution"
6266:"Mohamed Mesli : « Mon père, l'imam sauveur de juifs »"
2082:
Gerlach estimates that 200,000 Jews survived in hiding across Europe.
2045:
1942:
Non-German perpetrators and collaborators included Dutch, French, and
26259:
25664:
25461:
25272:
25070:
25025:
23513:
23226:
22667:
22602:
22107:
21629:
21310:
20946:
20742:
18124:
18028:
17486:
16521:
16510:
15988:
15647:
14734:
14269:
13931:
13380:
13255:
13250:
13138:
12456:
12262:
9790:
9545:
9501:"World Jewish population nears pre-Holocaust numbers at 15.2 million"
8268:"The Genocidal Universe: A Framework for Understanding the Holocaust"
8120:
2645:
is massive, encompassing thousands of books. The tendency to see the
2620:
2018:
1779:
1680:
1423:
1308:
945:
831:
760:
746:
552:
24546:
17497:
Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
13745:
12117:
10410:
Robbery and Restitution: The Conflict over Jewish Property in Europe
9807:
6406:
3705:
1761:, and southwestern Belarus. Deportations and mass executions in the
485:
The turn of the twentieth century saw a major effort to establish a
24530:
24258:
23724:
23250:
22987:
22637:
21300:
21265:
21007:
19522:
18894:
18393:
18284:
18144:
17312:
17288:
Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al
16584:
16563:
16535:
16480:
15345:
15218:
13354:
13270:
13123:
13082:
11982:
11782:
10557:
Politics, Violence, Memory: The New Social Science of the Holocaust
10508:
Politics, Violence, Memory: The New Social Science of the Holocaust
7143:
6268:[Mohamed Mesli: "My father, the imam who saved the Jews"].
5456:
The Origins of Nazi Genocide, From Euthanasia to the Final Solution
3720:
1886:
declined to allow the deportation of Jews from its prewar territory
1754:
1634:
1519:
1435:
1391:
1155:
1034:
186:
122:
9268:(1st ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 9, 138, 161, 230.
6680:
6168:
6108:
6096:
5673:
5473:
2110:
in Eastern European forests, of which the most well known was the
1418:—the first purpose-built extermination camp to feature stationary
22597:
20751:
18139:
18134:
17776:
17481:
6370:
5894:
5892:
4787:
4747:
1998:
1758:
1701:
were murdered in the largest killing operation of the Holocaust.
1676:
443:
439:
10982:
9190:
9036:(1st ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 2.
8524:
give a total of 17 million (including more than 5 million Jews).
8235:
6454:
5502:
5500:
2785:
Equivalent to $ 400 million at the time, or $ 7 billion in 2023.
992:
Germany gained control of 1.7 million Jews in Poland. The Nazis
25140:
23738:
23047:
21975:
21171:
21027:
20724:
19494:
18397:
18241:
18149:
18129:
16651:
14341:
14017:
14007:
13823:
13699:
13375:
13331:
13153:
13088:
12727:
12647:
12492:
9481:
7638:
7626:
7462:
6620:
4229:
1672:
1477:
meant that these camps were shut down earlier than envisioned.
1447:
732:
544:
273:
257:
20573:
10265:
Memory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and Trajectories
10010:
The Bombing of Auschwitz: Should the Allies have attempted it?
9163:
8949:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 481–482.
8764:
7650:
7602:"American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and Refugee Aid"
7522:
7065:
Nanda Herbermann; Hester Baer; Elizabeth Roberts Baer (2000).
6878:
6521:
6382:
6310:
6286:
5889:
5862:
5860:
5858:
4674:
4672:
4354:
1844:
saved hundreds of Jews by hiding them in the basements of the
1080:
remove 31 million people and replace them with German settlers
27035:
25328:
23299:
22612:
21734:
16216:
15874:
11857:
9180:
9178:
8911:
7926:
7857:
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6483:
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6024:
5497:
5400:
5127:
5091:
4498:
3687:
3285:
3283:
3244:
2846:
1054:
Germany and its allies Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Italy
767:, although many were released within weeks. German Jews were
280:
in September 1939, occupation authorities began to establish
22783:
19144:
8701:
8055:(3rd ed.). I.B. Tauris. pp. 3, 124, 126, 265–266.
7904:
7902:
7874:
7872:
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6334:
5987:
5985:
5879:
5877:
5875:
5512:
5448:
5446:
4723:
4330:
4156:
4154:
3820:
3639:
2465:
in 1948, but it was not used in Holocaust trials due to the
2237:
in 1944, the Hungarian government cooperated closely in the
1253:
lasted into 1943 because they became centers of production.
462:
emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth century due to the
18401:
15314:
14002:
9127:
8899:
8725:
8713:
8593:
8566:
8247:
8223:
7291:
7046:
7022:
6815:
6803:
6791:
6755:
6221:
6072:
5855:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5536:
5524:
5485:
5163:
4939:
4775:
4669:
4657:
4606:
4522:
4510:
4414:
4178:
3627:
3528:
2858:
1303:
proved insufficient and Himmler mobilized 21 battalions of
37:"Holocaust" and "Shoah" redirect here. For other uses, see
13691:
10381:(2019). "The Decision to Exterminate the Jews of Europe".
9245:
9175:
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677:
both against Jews and other groups targeted by the Nazis.
21944:
20693:
18929:
17153:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
9429:
9417:
9294:"The Holocaust in Comparative and Historical Perspective"
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Soviet prisoners of war in the custody of the German Army
9139:
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8307:"The Origins of International Holocaust Remembrance Day"
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2615:. Participation in this memory is required of countries
2593:
works of culture such as novels, poems, films, and plays
2384:
On 3 November 1943, around 18,400 Jews were murdered at
1315:
716:
sexual relationships between Jews and non-Jewish Germans
14424:
9441:
9202:
9151:
9103:
9079:
9067:
9033:
The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide
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2189:, annexed by Hungary in 1938, on the selection ramp at
1652:
653:
through economic growth, which partly occurred through
249:
is sometimes used to refer to the persecution of these
24400:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
23452:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
12375:
10529:
Kochavi, Arieh J. (2010). "Liberation and Dispersal".
9983:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
9648:
War & Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust
8887:
8157:
7889:
7887:
7677:
6668:
6192:
5936:
5934:
5904:
5553:
5551:
5438:
Holocaust, the Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
5373:
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3109:
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3041:
3029:
3005:
2993:
1902:
North African Jews living under French or Italian rule
1896:. Nazi Germany did not attempt the destruction of the
1272:
and foreign Jews in 1941, who were shortly thereafter
23380:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
23233:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
18392:
17264:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
15803:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
9956:
Empire of Destruction: A History of Nazi Mass Killing
9050:
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3784:
3772:
3760:
3736:
3651:
3615:
3603:
3567:
3540:
3462:
3447:
3384:
3331:
3065:
2933:
2921:
2897:
2459:
widespread purges of real and perceived collaborators
1108:, a Belarusian Jew who helped Soviet prisoners escape
17232:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
9703:
The Names of Extermination: Definitions of a Tragedy
7986:
7938:
7217:
Backing Hitler: Consent and Coercion in Nazi Germany
6962:
6926:
6866:
6358:
5031:
4486:
3912:
2819:
2608:
there are lessons or some kind of redemptive meaning
2209:, to Auschwitz, where nearly all were killed. After
1872:
the majority of its Jewish population (along with a
873:
occupation zone from 1939 to 1941, and the area was
839:
on 1 September 1939, triggering declarations of war
430:. In the nineteenth century many European countries
9698:
I Nomi dello sterminio: Definizioni di una tragedia
9405:
8447:"Aktion "Erntefest" (Operation "Harvest Festival")"
8403:
8145:
7962:
7950:
7884:
6036:
5931:
5796:
5772:
5736:
5548:
5291:
4711:
4642:
4618:
4594:
4062:
3951:
3864:
3486:
3435:
3411:
3372:
3360:
3295:
3268:
3256:
3229:
3193:
3169:
3104:
3092:
3053:
3017:
2957:
2140:and other resistance groups and transmitted by the
1260:. Romania deported about 154,000–170,000 Jews from
19128:Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
9361:The Holocaust and Other Genocides: An Introduction
9359:Boender, Barbara; ten Have, Wichert, eds. (2012).
8973:(2022). Graziosi, Andrea; Sysyn, Frank E. (eds.).
7137:Ostrowska, Joanna; Zaremba, Marcin (30 May 2009).
5646:
4086:
2909:
1446:. As many as 150 people were forced into a single
1369:the same number surviving by the end of the year.
22663:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
6466:
4011:
3987:
2541:
2069:A bunker where Jews attempted to hide during the
1907:
1527:8 December 1941 – April 1943 and April–July 1944
1307:to assist them. In addition, Wehrmacht soldiers,
951:
901:Germany invaded much of western Europe including
898:deported hundreds of thousands of Polish citizens
818:Danzigers rallying for Hitler, shortly after the
480:Jews were a separate racial group alien to Europe
418:for more than two thousand years. Throughout the
318:emigrated outside of Europe after the war. A few
27189:
17121:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
16867:
13428:Bay Area Holocaust Oral History Project (BAHOHP)
10457:Hayes, Peter (2010). "Plunder and Restitution".
10003:
9594:; Boyd, Kathryn Lee; Nelson, Kristen L. (2019).
8979:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 240.
7656:
7644:
7632:
7136:
1146:At least 3,000 Jews were killed during the 1941
16061:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs
12981:The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews
12150:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
10642:. In Heuman, Johannes; Rudberg, Pontus (eds.).
9358:
7178:
7176:
2647:Holocaust as a unique or incomprehensible event
2252:
2049:, to serve as sex slaves of German soldiers in
1158:. Out of 10 or 15 million Soviet civilians who
1049:
693:Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany
23131:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
23125:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
21700:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
20472:Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
9758:Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 1933–1949
9590:
9006:(3rd ed.). I.B. Tauris. pp. 3, 287.
8865:
8849:
8821:
8481:(2014). "Epilogue - "I will tell the world"".
8477:
8272:European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe
8085:(in German) (10th ed.). Munich, Germany:
7165:[Special treatment is done by train].
2148:, then known as the United Nations, adopted a
2001:, Belarus, forced to clean a street, July 1941
1790:
534:Jew stabbing a German Army soldier in the back
322:faced criminal trials. Billions of dollars in
23754:
23312:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
23119:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
22769:
21960:
20709:
18442:
18378:
17792:
17328:
16354:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
15330:
14410:
13715:
12663:
12510:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
10998:
10293:. Oxford University Press. pp. 190–216.
10230:KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps
10055:
10030:
8976:Genocide: The Power and Problems of a Concept
2894:, pp. 70–100, 78–79, 86–87, 94–95, xxix.
2864:
2852:
2770:
2738:
2417:
1430:, Jews in forced-labor camps operated by the
802:in response to a Polish law that enabled the
753:. On 9–10 November 1938, the Nazis organized
388:" as a euphemism for their genocide of Jews.
23434:Violence against Hindus in independent India
21888:
21879:
21719:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
21400:
21391:
21380:
21324:
21315:
21197:
21188:
21169:
21160:
21134:
21103:
20944:
20935:
20896:
20872:
20831:
20821:
20807:
20758:
20749:
20740:
17397:("Circle of Friends of the Reichsführer-SS")
13438:Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI)
10403:
8770:
8743:
7173:
3716:
3714:
2158:American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
2010:
1854:hand over its Jewish population was Slovakia
1422:using carbon monoxide based on the previous
1320:Most historians agree that Hitler issued an
1175:killed tens of thousands of Jews from Odessa
1032:
555:". The Nazis defined the German nation as a
23646:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
23161:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
17240:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
16980:Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials
12209:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
10341:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 263–277.
9786:The Holocaust: The Third Reich and the Jews
9003:The Nazi Holocaust: Its History and Meaning
8052:The Nazi Holocaust: Its History and Meaning
7058:
2781:
2779:
649:for real or supposed hereditary illnesses.
289:
284:to segregate Jews. Following the June 1941
23761:
23747:
22776:
22762:
21967:
21953:
20716:
20702:
18647:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
18385:
18371:
17799:
17785:
17335:
17321:
17187:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
15337:
15323:
14417:
14403:
13722:
13708:
12949:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
12670:
12656:
11005:
10991:
10883:
10779:
10479:
9344:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
9251:
9184:
9169:
7182:
6551:
6527:
6491:
5883:
4360:
2800:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
2239:deportation of 437,000 Jews in eight weeks
2117:
493:and subsequent racial apartheid regime in
292:by German forces and local collaborators.
66:
23281:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
22633:Interminority racism in the United States
21689:German National Movement in Liechtenstein
17432:(Personal Administrative Officer to RFSS)
15810:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
10945:
10925:
10900:
10707:Stone, Dan (2020). "Ideologies of Race".
10637:
10577:
10430:
10224:
10084:
9977:
9467:. Cornell University Press. p. 135.
9447:
9435:
9263:
9145:
9121:
9097:
9073:
8917:
8374:
8265:
7980:
7932:
7908:
7878:
7863:
7839:
7767:
7719:
7707:
7671:
7588:
7393:
7229:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205609.001.0001
7211:
7163:"'Sonderbehandlung erfolgt durch Strang'"
7130:
6944:
6920:
6908:
6884:
6773:
6698:
6686:
6424:
6400:
6388:
6352:
6316:
6186:
6174:
6150:
6114:
6102:
6090:
6066:
6054:
6030:
6003:
5991:
5976:
5952:
5707:
5593:
5506:
5479:
5467:
5406:
5367:
5316:
5273:
5145:
5133:
5121:
5097:
5073:
4921:
4868:
4504:
4468:
4432:
4324:
4160:
4104:
3826:
3711:
3706:Foreign Claims Settlement Commission 1968
3693:
3669:
3534:
3522:
3480:
3405:
3354:
2903:
2726:
2706:
2364:The deadliest phase of the Holocaust was
2171:
1335:launched its first major counteroffensive
1127:
27:Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
20384:
18467:Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
10836:
10807:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10801:
10759:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10551:
10531:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10459:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10436:The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies
10434:; Roth, John K. (2010). "Introduction".
9903:How Was It Possible?: A Holocaust Reader
9751:
9719:
9694:
8707:
8683:
8671:
8635:
7552:
7504:
7468:
7405:
7321:
6662:
6626:
6503:
6263:
5518:
4805:
4793:
4384:
4336:
4029:
3969:
3681:
3645:
3633:
3561:
3468:
2891:
2840:
2776:
2718:
2545:
2444:
2291:
2256:
2180:
2064:
2004:
1992:
1917:
1794:
1723:
1662:
1382:
1339:Hitler declared war on the United States
1284:were deported to Łódź, Kovno, Riga, and
1223:
1211:
1141:
1099:
976:
961:
813:
809:
726:
592:
543:was founded in the wake of the war, and
523:
424:antisemitism based on Christian theology
395:
337:
23245:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
20669:Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus
15682:Indigenous peoples in the United States
10857:
10687:
10615:
10528:
10285:
10259:
10110:
9924:
9854:
9837:Never Again: A History of the Holocaust
9833:
9668:
9562:
9534:
9220:
9208:
9196:
9157:
9133:
9109:
9085:
8929:
8905:
8893:
8731:
8719:
8695:
8659:
8647:
8623:
8611:
8599:
8587:
8572:
8536:
8515:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
8452:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
8397:
8253:
8241:
8229:
8217:
8197:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
8178:
8119:(1st ed.). Abingdon and New York:
8036:
8021:
8004:
7920:
7851:
7827:
7803:
7791:
7755:
7743:
7731:
7695:
7607:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
7576:
7492:
7480:
7432:
7417:
7381:
7369:
7357:
7333:
7297:
7285:
7245:
7104:
7052:
7040:
7028:
7016:
7004:
6992:
6860:
6848:
6836:
6821:
6809:
6797:
6761:
6737:
6722:
6710:
6674:
6638:
6599:
6587:
6575:
6563:
6539:
6515:
6460:
6448:
6436:
6412:
6376:
6340:
6304:
6292:
6251:
6239:
6227:
6203:
6162:
6138:
6078:
6018:
5925:
5913:
5898:
5866:
5849:
5790:
5766:
5754:
5730:
5632:
5620:
5569:
5542:
5491:
5382:
5355:
5328:
5285:
5261:
5249:
5181:
5169:
5109:
5085:
5061:
5049:
5025:
5013:
5001:
4986:
4974:
4962:
4945:
4933:
4880:
4832:
4817:
4781:
4769:
4729:
4693:
4678:
4663:
4636:
4612:
4588:
4576:
4552:
4528:
4516:
4480:
4456:
4420:
4396:
4372:
4184:
4145:
4044:
3933:
3894:
3858:
3843:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3657:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3549:
3507:
3456:
3429:
3393:
3342:
3313:
3289:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3071:
3047:
3035:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2939:
2927:
2882:, Introduction: What is the Holocaust?.
2825:
2766:
2734:
2710:
2702:
2681:
2577:International Holocaust Remembrance Day
2551:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
2406:
2401:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2265:after the camp's liberation, April 1945
2124:International response to the Holocaust
1858:arrested and deported about 58,000 Jews
931:fully or partially annexed into Germany
645:400,000 people and subjected others to
588:
432:granted full citizenship rights to Jews
14:
27190:
25608:
25586:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
23191:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
22705:Sociology of race and ethnic relations
17537:Persecution of Slavs in Eastern Europe
13692:More articles related to the Holocaust
9860:The Extermination of the European Jews
9642:
9459:
9314:
9288:
8999:
8969:
8311:The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
8304:
8166:
8048:
7683:
7110:
6264:De Bengy, Raphael (18 February 2015).
5644:
5530:
5208:
4005:
3211:
2951:
2663:Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel
2176:
1884:, who were murdered at Treblinka, but
1708:would cordon off the ghetto while the
1372:
790:, and South Africa. Germany collected
680:
472:categorize humans into different races
26457:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
25889:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
25535:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
25491:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
24596:Rape during the occupation of Germany
23742:
23440:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
22757:
21948:
20697:
20336:Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
18366:
17780:
17316:
17217:
17098:
16866:
16843:Mass killings under communist regimes
16368:
16131:
15826:
15487:
15367:
15318:
14904:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
14398:
13703:
13690:
12651:
12374:
12195:
11826:
11317:
11316:
10986:
10954:
10753:
10706:
10596:
10456:
10377:
10355:
10307:
10291:The Oxford History of the Third Reich
10201:
10175:
10147:
9896:
9880:
9779:
9616:
9487:
9423:
9411:
9383:
9266:The Holocaust and Genocides in Europe
9061:
8941:
8881:
8837:
8809:
8758:
8560:
8548:
8433:
8421:
8330:
8305:Richie, Alexandra (27 January 2024).
8192:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1945"
8151:
8116:The Routledge History of Antisemitism
7992:
7815:
7779:
7564:
7540:
7528:
7516:
7456:
7444:
7345:
7309:
7251:
6749:
6650:
6614:
6364:
6328:
6257:
6215:
6126:
5964:
5649:The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben
5605:
5421:
5394:
5340:
5232:
5220:
5196:
5157:
5037:
4909:
4892:
4856:
4844:
4757:
4741:
4564:
4492:
4444:
4408:
4348:
4312:
4300:
4283:
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4196:
4172:
4128:
4116:
4080:
3981:
3957:
3945:
3918:
3906:
3882:
3870:
3724:. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis
3495:
3441:
3417:
3378:
3366:
3325:
3301:
3274:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3223:
3199:
3187:
3175:
3115:
3098:
3086:
3059:
3023:
3011:
2963:
2915:
2879:
2758:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2643:scholarly literature on the Holocaust
1870:shot or killed in concentration camps
1316:Systematic deportations across Europe
1160:fled eastwards to the Soviet interior
581:, as well as the Western powers, and
352:, derived from a Greek word meaning "
27042:
25579:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
24611:Rape during the liberation of France
22728:
21706:National Socialist Movement of Chile
20488:Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
20078:Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack
17943:Timeline of the Second Temple period
17342:
16792:Terminology of the Armenian genocide
11797:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
10498:
10333:
10204:The Holocaust: An Unfinished History
9809:Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
9026:
8109:
8075:
7944:
6980:
6968:
6956:
6932:
6896:
6872:
6785:
2750:
2060:
1667:Cumulative murders of Jews from the
1653:Liquidation of the ghettos in Poland
519:Germany had been stabbed in the back
23584:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
23534:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
23446:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
23239:Christianization of the Sámi people
22118:Discrimination based on nationality
20213:
19745:
19336:
17028:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia
12967:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
12602:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
10829:
10038:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust
9949:
9705:] (in Italian). Marietti 1820.
9695:Calimani, Anna Vera Sullam (2018).
8409:
7968:
7956:
7893:
7254:"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich
6472:
6042:
5940:
5802:
5778:
5742:
5581:
5557:
5304:
4753:
4717:
4705:
4651:
4624:
4600:
4540:
4092:
4068:
4056:
4017:
3993:
2762:
2078:Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust
1734:Jewish resistance against the Nazis
476:life or death struggle between them
214:
24:
25805:German invasion of the Netherlands
24085:Weather events during World War II
21745:World Union of National Socialists
20906:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
20810:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
17827:Jewish history in Israel/Palestine
17806:
17557:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
13448:Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC)
12196:
10646:. The Holocaust and its Contexts.
10114:Understanding Willing Participants
7141:[To the brothel, march!].
7115:. Berghahn Books. pp. 33–34.
2434:
2276:Western Allied invasion of Germany
2219:Most Danish Jews escaped to Sweden
1732:became significant as a symbol of
1683:from January 1942 to February 1943
981:A body lying in the street of the
929:. Some of these new holdings were
879:ethnic Germans from eastern Europe
577:threat. Hitler believed that Jews
422:in Europe, Jews were subjected to
25:
27274:
27208:Antisemitic attacks and incidents
26436:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
23428:Violence against Muslims in India
23422:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
23368:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
21791:Last surviving war crime suspects
20480:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
20229:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
20222:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
11012:
10648:Springer International Publishing
10387:Springer International Publishing
8789:United States Department of State
7183:Hertzstein, Robert Edwin (1978).
2606:Although many are convinced that
1948:foreign SS and police auxiliaries
1347:told leading Nazi party officials
1258:killed the largest number of Jews
1134:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
800:Germany deported many Polish Jews
27170:
27153:
27136:
27119:
27102:
27085:
27068:
27051:
26996:
23768:
23723:
22737:
22727:
22718:
22717:
21931:
21930:
21781:Nazi Party leaders and officials
20456:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
20357:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
20279:Matza restaurant suicide bombing
17731:(predecessor as Reichsführer-SS)
17414:(successor as Chief of the RSHA)
17218:
17099:
16369:
16132:
15827:
15488:
14377:
14376:
13729:
13002:White genocide conspiracy theory
12677:
12165:Polish leaders and intellectuals
11655:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
10252:
9493:
9453:
9377:
9352:
9324:. Frankfurt am Main. p. 3.
9308:
9282:
9257:
9214:
9020:
8993:
8963:
8935:
8776:
8502:
8483:The Holocaust: The Human Tragedy
8471:
8439:
8324:
8298:
8259:
8184:
8103:
8069:
8042:
7594:
7205:
7155:
5638:
5427:
2788:
1914:Responsibility for the Holocaust
892:on 17 September pursuant to the
771:that raised more than 1 billion
598:Territorial expansion of Germany
583:were plotting to destroy Germany
276:in November 1938. After Germany
23700:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
23670:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
22738:
21903:Political views of Adolf Hitler
20575:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
19674:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
18475:Jewish revolt against Heraclius
18157:Talmudic academies in Babylonia
17915:Judah's revolts against Babylon
15641:Indigenous peoples in Australia
15368:
15299:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
13246:Institute for Historical Review
13166:General Order No. 11 (US, 1862)
12896:International Jewish conspiracy
12793:
9819:U.S. Government Printing Office
9465:Germany's War and the Holocaust
5692:10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.10.005
2474:International Military Tribunal
2451:International Military Tribunal
2376:. On the other hand, historian
2203:German-occupied northern Greece
1982:
933:while others were placed under
806:for Polish Jews living abroad.
780:force all Jews to leave Germany
765:30,000 Jewish men were arrested
460:international Jewish conspiracy
408:, destroyed in 1938 during the
26683:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
24393:Territorial changes of Germany
24301:Indonesian National Revolution
23688:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
23658:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
23392:Communist Romanian persecution
22623:Go back to where you came from
21796:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler
20265:Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
20094:Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
19104:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
17737:(successor as Reichsführer-SS)
17390:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
16557:Genocide of indigenous peoples
16156:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
15457:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate
15065:Burning of the Riga synagogues
12093:Attack on the twentieth convoy
11906:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
10877:10.1080/17504902.2012.11087307
9674:The Final Solution: A Genocide
9522:
9505:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
8784:"The JUST Act Report: Germany"
2744:
2675:
2583:. It has been commemorated in
2542:Remembrance and historiography
2500:
2449:Defendants in the dock at the
2399:and at over 11 million by the
2245:to increase the production of
2084:Knowledge of German intentions
1908:Perpetrators and beneficiaries
1555:17 March 1942 – December 1942
1326:mass shootings of Serbian Jews
1197:), made several visits to the
952:Ghettoization and resettlement
778:The Nazi government wanted to
13:
1:
27223:History of the Jews in Europe
26083:Japanese invasion of Thailand
26034:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
25798:German invasion of Luxembourg
24179:Mediterranean and Middle East
23706:2024 Istanbul church shooting
23682:Christchurch mosque shootings
23470:Religious violence in Nigeria
23464:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
21730:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)
20512:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
20181:Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
17395:Freundeskreis Reichsführer-SS
17272:Ukraine v. Russian Federation
15576:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate
13443:Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC)
13171:Racial policy of Nazi Germany
13149:Beilis trial (Russian Empire)
13119:Pogroms in the Russian Empire
10975:10.1080/14623528.2020.1764743
10947:10.1080/14623528.2022.2160533
10041:. Columbia University Press.
9886:Why? Explaining the Holocaust
5653:. New York City: Free Press.
5470:, pp. 280, 293–294, 302.
3722:"Consumer Price Index, 1800–"
2813:
2281:
2138:Jewish Social-Democratic Bund
1646:February 1942 – October 1944
1150:, mainly by local Ukrainians.
751:areas annexed by Nazi Germany
735:after its destruction during
731:View of the old synagogue in
606:worldwide economic depression
464:rise of nationalism in Europe
428:blamed them for killing Jesus
391:
288:, 1.5 to 2 million Jews
205:systematically murdered some
25990:Invasion of the Soviet Union
25679:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
24997:Independent State of Croatia
23596:War crimes in the Kosovo War
23386:Communist Polish persecution
23257:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
23185:Crusades against schismatics
21771:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler
21054:Aestheticization of politics
20464:Jerusalem synagogue massacre
20371:Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
20149:Dizengoff Street bus bombing
18581:Massacres at London and York
18237:Expulsion of Jews from Spain
17567:Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS
17203:Croatia–Serbia genocide case
17004:Nuremberg Military Tribunals
16850:Anti-communist mass killings
15584:Indigenous peoples in Canada
15520:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
15344:
13423:Anti-Defamation League (ADL)
13129:1968 Polish political crisis
12430:Jewish war conspiracy theory
11621:Extermination through labour
10962:Journal of Genocide Research
10933:Journal of Genocide Research
10785:A Companion to the Holocaust
10690:A Companion to the Holocaust
10656:10.1007/978-3-030-55532-0_11
10621:A Companion to the Holocaust
10599:A Companion to the Holocaust
10580:A Companion to the Holocaust
10361:A Companion to the Holocaust
10339:A Companion to the Holocaust
10313:A Companion to the Holocaust
9925:Jackson, Timothy P. (2021).
9908:University of Nebraska Press
9731:University of Nebraska Press
9298:The Journal of Social Issues
9264:Lieberman, Benjamin (2013).
9239:10.2979/jewisocistud.16.3.32
7657:Neufeld & Berenbaum 2000
7645:Neufeld & Berenbaum 2000
7633:Neufeld & Berenbaum 2000
6415:, pp. 97, 102, 371–372.
2658:or was an aberration of it.
2625:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
2253:Death marches and liberation
2132:in all languages publicized
1989:Forced labor in Nazi Germany
1866:Independent State of Croatia
1611:23 July 1942 – October 1943
1050:Invasion of the Soviet Union
944:The war provided cover for "
890:invaded Poland from the east
886:occupied by the Soviet Union
863:Auschwitz concentration camp
704:about 1,500 anti-Jewish laws
474:and argued that there was a
454:positing the existence of a
406:Grand Synagogue of Nuremberg
286:invasion of the Soviet Union
7:
26974:End of World War II in Asia
26814:Western invasion of Germany
26321:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
26298:Second Battle of El Alamein
25868:Hundred Regiments Offensive
25840:Battle of the Mediterranean
25693:Italian invasion of Albania
23867:Air warfare of World War II
21711:National Socialist Movement
21679:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)
19912:Night of the Murdered Poets
17562:Persecution of black people
17450:(second personal assistant)
17137:Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
16305:National Population Program
14910:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
14575:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
14338:(possible illegitimate son)
13193:Night of the Murdered Poets
12612:Righteous Among the Nations
11827:
11298:Righteous Among the Nations
10787:. Wiley. pp. 117–133.
10692:. Wiley. pp. 135–151.
10623:. Wiley. pp. 173–189.
10601:. Wiley. pp. 247–261.
10582:. Wiley. pp. 381–396.
10484:. Brill. pp. 305–343.
10363:. Wiley. pp. 233–245.
7258:Texas Tech University Press
2798:system administered by the
2591:, and speeches, as well as
2515:Germany paid $ 86.8 billion
1791:Deportations from elsewhere
1408:Higher SS and Police Leader
1290:5,000 German Jews were shot
1180:Prior to the invasion, the
1084:planned the mass starvation
1062:was to be carried out as a
579:controlled the Soviet Union
478:. Many racists argued that
10:
27279:
27213:Ethnic cleansing in Europe
26900:Naval bombardment of Japan
26268:First Battle of El Alamein
26187:Battle of Christmas Island
26132:Japanese invasion of Burma
25896:Italian invasion of Greece
25812:German invasion of Belgium
25784:German invasion of Denmark
25757:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
25626:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
23890:Comparative military ranks
21974:
21725:Nordic Resistance Movement
20863:National Socialist Program
20723:
20343:Davidka Square bus bombing
20054:Antwerp summer camp attack
19928:Shafrir synagogue shooting
19631:Operation Harvest Festival
18740:Massacre of the Assumption
17767:(man who arrested Himmler)
17552:Suppression of Freemasonry
17542:Persecution of homosexuals
17532:Crimes against Soviet POWs
17052:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
16996:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
16822:Effects on young survivors
16257:Sabra and Shatila massacre
14970:Lithuanian Security Police
14359:Streets named after Hitler
13188:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
13159:Anti-Zionist League (Iraq)
13134:Jewish Anti-Zionist League
13099:Antisemitic laws, policies
12955:On the Jews and Their Lies
12349:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
12319:Lithuanian Security Police
12238:Reich Security Main Office
11205:Evidence and documentation
10289:(2023b). "The Holocaust".
10181:Histories of the Holocaust
10094:Cambridge University Press
10014:University Press of Kansas
9890:W. W. Norton & Company
9864:Cambridge University Press
9315:Aharon, Eldad Ben (2020).
9000:Landau, Ronnie S. (2016).
8049:Landau, Ronnie S. (2016).
2438:
2418:Return home and emigration
2413:Aftermath of the Holocaust
2410:
2390:Operation Harvest Festival
2285:
2235:German invasion of Hungary
2142:Polish government-in-exile
2121:
2075:
1986:
1911:
1890:German occupation of Italy
1656:
1481:Major extermination camps
1376:
1362:Reich Main Security Office
1282:Romani people from Austria
1131:
955:
690:
684:
627:extrajudicial imprisonment
561:Germany's physical borders
341:
39:Holocaust (disambiguation)
36:
29:
26989:
26821:Bratislava–Brno offensive
26761:
26752:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
26489:
26376:Allied invasion of Sicily
26330:
26236:Aleutian Islands campaign
26208:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
26155:
26146:Greek famine of 1941–1944
26041:Second Battle of Changsha
25946:German invasion of Greece
25914:
25791:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
25766:
25704:
25599:
25480:
25206:
25116:
24964:
24667:
24658:
24416:
24241:
24133:North and Central Pacific
24094:
23856:
23849:
23776:
23720:
23628:South Thailand insurgency
23604:Walisongo school massacre
23572:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
23221:Expulsion of the Moriscos
23197:European wars of religion
23111:
22955:
22795:
22713:
22590:
22423:
22191:
22093:
21982:
21928:
21836:
21810:
21762:
21694:Nasjonal Samling (Norway)
21662:
21619:
21534:
21414:
21043:
20847:
20731:
20546:
20431:
20409:Tel Aviv shawarma bombing
20364:Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
20320:
20286:Hebrew University bombing
20242:
20206:
20199:
20116:
20037:
20007:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
19967:Avivim school bus bombing
19958:
19903:
19890:Menarsha synagogue attack
19881:
19854:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
19831:
19781:
19738:
19688:
19644:
19608:
19572:
19423:
19401:
19365:
19327:
18999:
18992:
18798:
18610:
18603:
18532:
18497:
18415:
18408:
18342:
18262:
18175:
18098:
18046:
17981:
17933:
17875:
17814:
17721:
17690:
17659:
17600:
17592:Himmler-Kersten Agreement
17505:
17469:
17420:(Chief of Personal Staff)
17373:
17350:
17226:
17107:
17020:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial
16988:Supreme National Tribunal
16878:
16859:
16769:
16691:
16594:
16472:
16379:
16142:
15837:
15599:Residential school system
15498:
15378:
15352:
15261:
15209:
15191:
15168:
15136:
15098:
15055:
15037:
15009:
15002:
14926:
14873:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
14856:
14849:
14809:
14763:
14558:
14468:
14447:
14440:
14372:
14351:
14260:
14204:Hitler: The Last Ten Days
14161:
14138:
14045:
14012:Meldemannstraße dormitory
13990:
13899:
13890:
13832:
13737:
13697:
13466:
13411:
13292:
13226:
13097:
13015:
12868:
12815:
12685:
12565:Books and other resources
12552:
12468:
12397:
12393:
12370:
12304:
12276:
12217:
12204:
12191:
12130:
12078:
12031:
11968:
11938:
11876:
11848:
11839:
11835:
11822:
11780:
11739:
11691:
11677:
11639:
11598:
11498:
11455:
11333:
11329:
11312:
11228:
11197:
11097:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
11024:
11020:
10851:10.1017/S0018246X19000566
10717:10.1002/9781118970492.ch3
10711:. Wiley. pp. 59–74.
10638:Sahlstrom, Julia (2021).
10234:Farrar, Straus and Giroux
10123:10.1007/978-3-319-97999-1
9834:Gilbert, Martin (2015) .
9541:The Holocaust: The Basics
9490:, pp. 163, 219, 239.
8522:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
6379:, pp. 306, 368, 372.
4238:, pp. 247, 251, 254.
2865:Peck & Berenbaum 2002
2853:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
2804:administratively separate
2771:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
2739:Niewyk & Nicosia 2000
2482:waging wars of aggression
2441:Category:Holocaust trials
1878:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
1615:
1587:
1559:
1531:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
994:tried to concentrate Jews
869:in western Poland to the
859:were arrested or executed
804:revocation of citizenship
489:overseas, leading to the
434:in hopes that they would
416:Jews have lived in Europe
404:River (c. 1900) with the
297:murder all Jews in Europe
262:pursuit of "living space"
197:. Between 1941 and 1945,
162:
152:
116:
108:
93:
65:
57:
52:
26413:Allied invasion of Italy
26390:Solomon Islands campaign
26139:Third Battle of Changsha
25736:First Battle of Changsha
25642:Second Sino-Japanese War
24582:German military brothels
24448:United States war crimes
23018:Extrajudicial punishment
21635:Nazi concentration camps
21151:Economic interventionism
21113:Jewish conspiracy theory
20916:Night of the Long Knives
20892:Religion in Nazi Germany
20536:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing
20520:Poway synagogue shooting
20417:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
20251:Ghriba synagogue bombing
20173:Island of Peace massacre
19624:Kielce cemetery massacre
18167:Revolt against Heraclius
17895:Ancient Israel and Judah
17877:Ancient Israel and Judah
17365:Minister of the Interior
15891:Christians in Diyarbekir
15123:Ninth Fort November 1941
14725:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
14480:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
14230:Hitler: The Rise of Evil
13433:Community Security Trust
13307:Black Death persecutions
12155:People with disabilities
12088:Aid and Rescue Committee
10926:Sutcliffe, Adam (2022).
10561:Cornell University Press
10512:Cornell University Press
10208:Penguin Publishing Group
10111:Russell, Nestar (2018).
10068:Indiana University Press
9721:Browning, Christopher R.
9652:Rowman & Littlefield
9527:
9221:Gilbert, Shirli (2010).
9199:, pp. 100, 102–103.
8771:Goschler & Ther 2007
8744:Goschler & Ther 2007
8266:Rosenberg, Alan (1979).
8244:, pp. 118, 409–410.
8089:. pp. 14, 111–112.
7531:, pp. 237, 242–243.
6689:, pp. 340, 376–377.
6463:, pp. 115–116, 382.
6177:, pp. 299–300, 331.
6117:, pp. 341, 353–354.
6105:, pp. 338, 352–353.
5482:, pp. 280–281, 292.
4796:, pp. 105, 107–108.
3253:, pp. 120–121, 123.
2668:
1952:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1749:were sent to Treblinka.
1583:May 1942 – October 1942
1233:the gunfire but instead
1138:The Holocaust in Romania
1056:invaded the Soviet Union
687:The Holocaust in Germany
618:was appointed chancellor
521:by socialists and Jews.
491:Herero and Nama genocide
268:in early 1933. Meant to
26835:Second Guangxi campaign
26690:Philippines (1944–1945)
26194:Battle of the Coral Sea
26097:Fall of the Philippines
25743:Battle of South Guangxi
25649:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
25055:Italian Social Republic
23711:Crocus City Hall attack
23458:Persecution of Tibetans
23215:French Wars of Religion
23137:Yellow Turban Rebellion
22653:Psychometrics of racism
22103:Anti-miscegenation laws
21740:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)
20070:Vienna synagogue attack
20046:Paris synagogue bombing
19290:The Bloody Day in Jaffa
17852:Expulsions and exoduses
16829:Politics of recognition
15384:Destruction of Carthage
14545:Franz Walter Stahlecker
14244:Shigeru Mizuki's Hitler
13814:Last will and testament
13639:Palestinian Territories
13144:Dreyfus Affair (France)
12296:Order Police battalions
10811:Oxford University Press
10763:Oxford University Press
10757:(2010). "Nationalism".
10535:Oxford University Press
10463:Oxford University Press
10440:Oxford University Press
10185:Oxford University Press
9987:Oxford University Press
9933:Oxford University Press
9678:Oxford University Press
9600:Oxford University Press
7221:Oxford University Press
7082:Press. pp. 33–34.
5686:(1). Elsevier BV: 1–6.
5645:Borkin, Joseph (1978).
2796:Nazi concentration camp
2654:Holocaust emerged from
2597:Denial of the Holocaust
2513:Between 1945 and 2018,
2429:displaced persons camps
2118:International reactions
1799:Jews are deported from
1580:Late 1941 or March 1942
1444:overcrowded cattle cars
1278:deport them to the east
1262:Bessarabia and Bukovina
1076:demographic engineering
1072:laws and customs of war
958:The Holocaust in Poland
884:The rest of Poland was
841:from the United Kingdom
824:annexation into Germany
610:political fragmentation
366:Soviet prisoners of war
26420:Armistice of Cassibile
26222:Battle of Dutch Harbor
26173:Battle of the Java Sea
26076:Attack on Pearl Harbor
25976:Syria–Lebanon campaign
25969:Battle of South Shanxi
25939:Invasion of Yugoslavia
25722:Battle of the Atlantic
25336:Korean Liberation Army
25049:(until September 1943)
25006:(until September 1944)
24984:(until September 1944)
23664:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
23640:Maspero demonstrations
23488:Huế Phật Đản shootings
22618:Ethnic plastic surgery
22113:Biological determinism
21889:
21880:
21401:
21392:
21381:
21356:Social interventionism
21325:
21316:
21198:
21189:
21184:Greater Germanic Reich
21170:
21161:
21135:
21104:
20945:
20936:
20897:
20873:
20868:Hitler's rise to power
20832:
20822:
20808:
20773:League of German Girls
20759:
20750:
20741:
20393:Beersheba bus bombings
19999:Kiryat Shmona massacre
19920:Scorpion Pass massacre
19617:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
19048:Second Kishinev pogrom
18788:Portuguese Inquisition
18432:2nd Alexandrian pogrom
18203:Invasion of Banu Nadir
18004:First Jewish-Roman War
17708:Claus von Stauffenberg
17672:Army Group Upper Rhine
17361:Chief of German Police
17280:South Africa v. Israel
17248:Rohingya genocide case
16785:Names of the Holocaust
16249:Chittagong Hill Tracts
15957:Kinder der Landstrasse
15843:Late Ottoman genocides
15304:Einsatzgruppen reports
15269:List of Einsatzgruppen
15118:Kaunas 29 October 1941
14615:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
14324:William Stuart-Houston
13870:Assassination attempts
13453:Stephen Roth Institute
13101:and government actions
13040:Portuguese Inquisition
13017:Religious antisemitism
12891:Double genocide theory
12777:Secondary antisemitism
12713:Religious antisemitism
12145:Soviet urban residents
11236:International response
11210:Contemporary knowledge
10902:10.4000/temoigner.9886
10839:The Historical Journal
10805:(2010). "Punishment".
10617:Priemel, Kim Christian
10404:Goschler, Constantin;
8359:10.1126/sciadv.aau7292
7471:, pp. 1065, 1075.
7252:Majer, Diemut (2014).
7111:Lenten, Ronit (2000).
7080:Wayne State University
6629:, pp. 1064, 1066.
6295:, pp. 95–96, 387.
5901:, pp. 93–94, 120.
2581:different memorial day
2554:
2472:In 1945 and 1946, the
2454:
2353:
2266:
2194:
2172:Second half of the war
2073:
2071:Warsaw Ghetto uprising
2022:
2011:
2002:
1936:Holocaust perpetrators
1930:
1894:Italian-occupied areas
1874:larger number of Serbs
1816:
1737:
1730:Warsaw Ghetto uprising
1684:
1501:Mass gassing duration
1492:Number of Jews killed
1388:
1387:Deportation to Chełmno
1229:
1221:
1151:
1128:Mass shootings of Jews
1109:
1033:
989:
974:
966:Unpaved street in the
826:
741:
601:
536:
487:German colonial empire
452:Political antisemitism
412:
344:Names of the Holocaust
320:Holocaust perpetrators
211:German-occupied Europe
99:German-occupied Poland
80:, May 1944. Most were
78:German-occupied Poland
43:Shoah (disambiguation)
26584:Second Battle of Guam
26480:Bengal famine of 1943
26450:Second Battle of Kiev
26406:Battle of the Dnieper
26111:Battle of Wake Island
25983:East African campaign
25925:Battle of South Henan
25570:atrocities by Germans
25343:Korean Volunteer Army
24324:Occupation of Germany
24078:Music in World War II
23634:Boko Haram insurgency
23293:Pontic Greek genocide
23203:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
23013:Extrajudicial killing
22785:Religious persecution
22538:In Jewish communities
22516:Hispanic & Latino
21650:Human experimentation
21346:Reactionary modernism
21291:Anti-Slavic sentiment
21018:Human experimentation
20752:Geheime Staatspolizei
20293:Rishon LeZion bombing
20015:Coastal Road massacre
19016:First Kishinev pogrom
18807:Chmielnicki massacres
18716:Schaffhausen Massacre
18635:Armleder persecutions
18589:Rintfleisch massacres
18254:Medieval antisemitism
18193:Siege of Banu Qaynuqa
18188:Siege of Banu Qurayza
18162:Revolt against Gallus
17948:Second Temple Judaism
17145:Bosnian genocide case
16799:Holocaust terminology
16442:Christians under ISIS
16180:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom
15609:1740 Batavia massacre
15433:Harrying of the North
15201:Kremnička and Nemecká
14670:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
14312:Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr.
14211:The Meaning of Hitler
14130:German naturalization
14022:16 Prinzregentenplatz
13413:Organizations working
12973:Contemporary imprints
12902:The International Jew
12772:Rootless cosmopolitan
12592:Memorials and museums
12530:Reparations Agreement
12525:Holocaust restitution
12103:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
11626:Human experimentation
11465:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
10955:Welch, Susan (2020).
10781:Westermann, Edward B.
10269:Palgrave Macmillan UK
10086:Rosenfeld, Gavriel D.
9961:Yale University Press
9574:Bloomsbury Publishing
9227:Jewish Social Studies
8129:10.4324/9780429428616
7579:, pp. 74–75, 81.
3226:, pp. 62–63, 65.
2904:Hayes & Roth 2010
2727:Hayes & Roth 2010
2549:
2448:
2439:Further information:
2295:
2260:
2221:with the help of the
2184:
2076:Further information:
2068:
2008:
1996:
1987:Further information:
1946:, Romanian soldiers,
1921:
1912:Further information:
1864:to October 1942. The
1846:Grand Mosque of Paris
1838:Si Kaddour Benghabrit
1798:
1727:
1666:
1657:Further information:
1617:Auschwitz II–Birkenau
1386:
1364:(RSHA), convened the
1343:attacked Pearl Harbor
1292:outside of Kovno and
1227:
1215:
1145:
1132:Further information:
1122:anti-partisan warfare
1103:
980:
965:
956:Further information:
817:
810:Start of World War II
730:
691:Further information:
661:. The annexations of
614:in mid-1932 elections
596:
527:
511:substantial territory
399:
338:Terminology and scope
270:force all German Jews
157:Around 6 million Jews
26870:Surrender of Germany
26348:Battle of West Hubei
26305:Guadalcanal campaign
26275:Battle of Stalingrad
26201:Battle of Madagascar
24975:Albania protectorate
24762:(formerly Swaziland)
24471:Wehrmacht war crimes
24287:Expulsion of Germans
24071:Art and World War II
23969:British contribution
23918:Governments in exile
23616:September 11 attacks
23552:1984 anti-Sikh riots
23416:Rawalpindi massacres
23362:White Terror (Spain)
23173:Massacre at Ayyadieh
23058:Population cleansing
22628:Herrenvolk democracy
21684:German American Bund
21064:Anti-intellectualism
20911:Enabling Act of 1933
20528:Jersey City shooting
20401:Ashdod Port bombings
19983:Lod Airport massacre
19944:Purge of Polish Jews
19868:Kfar Etzion massacre
19374:Częstochowa massacre
19135:1920 Nebi Musa riots
18955:Fourth Odessa pogrom
18911:Second Odessa pogrom
18215:Sephardic Golden Age
18009:Battle of Beth Horon
17935:Second Temple period
17920:Babylonian captivity
17749:(personal physician)
17713:Henning von Tresckow
17547:Persecution of Serbs
17527:Crimes against Poles
17296:Nicaragua v. Germany
17195:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
16571:Utilitarian genocide
16550:Transgender genocide
15917:Osage Indian murders
15617:Great Gypsy Round-up
15284:Einsatzgruppen trial
15146:Operation Tannenberg
14827:Antanas Impulevičius
14700:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
14364:Mannerheim recording
14288:Johann Georg Hiedler
14190:The Victory of Faith
13766:Political directives
13415:against antisemitism
13361:Martyrdom in Judaism
13227:Antisemitic websites
13139:Leo Frank trial (US)
13035:Catholic Inquisition
13007:Zionist antisemitism
12723:Antisemitism studies
11792:Jewish Ghetto Police
11661:Politische Abteilung
11556:Risiera di San Sabba
11417:Natzweiler-Struthof
10813:. pp. 524–539.
10650:. pp. 287–313.
10563:. pp. 104–123.
10553:Kopstein, Jeffrey S.
10537:. pp. 509–523.
10504:Kopstein, Jeffrey S.
10465:. pp. 540–559.
10389:. pp. 117–143.
10319:. pp. 153–172.
10159:Taylor & Francis
9817:. Washington, D.C.:
8331:Stone, Lewi (2019).
7806:, pp. 114, 368.
7614:on 29 September 2023
7139:"Do burdelu, marsz!"
6959:, pp. 265, 272.
6887:, pp. 379, 383.
6788:, pp. 265, 267.
6653:, pp. 259, 264.
6391:, pp. 366, 389.
6343:, pp. 373, 379.
6319:, pp. 324, 360.
5533:, pp. 247, 251.
4732:, pp. 300, 310.
4543:, pp. 142, 294.
4175:, pp. 109, 117.
3696:, pp. 117, 119.
3648:, pp. 184, 187.
2755:Christopher Browning
2656:Western civilization
2407:Aftermath and legacy
2211:Italy switched sides
2099:resistance movements
1718:Jewish ghetto police
1694:armaments production
1432:Schmelt Organization
1414:began work planning
1288:. In late November,
1270:Carpathian Ruthenian
1189:, the leader of the
1104:Public execution of
1064:war of extermination
769:levied a special tax
697:The roughly 500,000
589:Rise of Nazi Germany
549:a world without Jews
513:; opposition to the
507:two million war dead
260:based on racism and
256:The Nazis developed
27248:Mass murder in 1945
27243:Mass murder in 1944
27238:Mass murder in 1943
27233:Mass murder in 1942
27228:Mass murder in 1941
27218:Genocides in Europe
26960:Potsdam Declaration
26849:Italy (Spring 1945)
26612:Liberation of Paris
26069:Siege of Sevastopol
25087:(until August 1944)
24990:Wang Jingwei regime
24812:from September 1943
24772:from September 1944
24710:from September 1944
24570:Romanian war crimes
24561:Persecution of Jews
24547:Croatian war crimes
24517:Japanese war crimes
24331:Occupation of Japan
24280:First Indochina War
23992:Military production
23904:Declarations of war
23528:Bangladesh genocide
23508:Cultural Revolution
23500:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
23263:Circassian genocide
23149:Rhineland massacres
23063:Population transfer
23028:Forced displacement
22835:Jehovah's Witnesses
22648:Perpetual foreigner
21811:Role and impact in
21674:American Nazi Party
21125:Cult of personality
21094:Class collaboration
21003:Extermination camps
20988:Concentration camps
20931:Anti-Comintern Pact
20350:Café Hillel bombing
19718:Tripolitania pogrom
19516:Kamianets-Podilskyi
19040:Fifth Odessa pogrom
18978:1898 Algerian riots
18919:Third Odessa pogrom
18863:First Odessa pogrom
18748:Spanish Inquisition
18724:Moroccan revolution
18604:14th – 19th century
18534:Rhineland massacres
17953:Hellenistic Judaism
17862:Political movements
17572:Deutsche Volksliste
17454:Walter Schellenberg
17412:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
17408:(Chief of the RSHA)
16682:Settler colonialism
16631:Forced assimilation
16337:Srebrenica massacre
16109:Chechens and Ingush
15867:Thracian Bulgarians
15713:Sand Creek massacre
15674:Siege of Tripolitsa
15425:Ancestral Puebloans
15234:Kamianets-Podilskyi
15178:Gully of Petrushino
14695:Gustav Adolf Nosske
14530:Friedrich Panzinger
14460:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
14294:Maria Schicklgruber
14197:Triumph of the Will
14184:Killing baby Hitler
14174:Cult of personality
14115:Hitler's Table Talk
14058:possible monorchism
13991:Civilian residences
13880:conspiracy theories
13391:Spanish Inquisition
13302:Rhineland massacres
13057:Rhineland massacres
13050:Spanish Inquisition
12782:Stereotypes of Jews
12767:Racial antisemitism
12718:Persecution of Jews
12570:Days of remembrance
12483:Holocaust survivors
12478:Depopulated shtetls
12329:Rollkommando Hamann
12175:Jehovah's Witnesses
11993:Kamianets-Podilskyi
11055:Bohemia and Moravia
10885:Lehnstaedt, Stephan
10309:Beorn, Waitman Wade
10271:. pp. 97–117.
10226:Wachsmann, Nikolaus
10202:Stone, Dan (2023).
10033:Nicosia, Francis R.
10031:Niewyk, Donald L.;
9626:Bloomsbury Academic
9618:Beorn, Waitman Wade
9592:Bazyler, Michael J.
9426:, pp. 206–207.
9172:, pp. 306–307.
9136:, pp. 190–191.
8920:, pp. 15, 346.
8908:, pp. 98, 107.
8828:, pp. 482–483.
8812:, pp. 549–550.
8734:, pp. 215–216.
8722:, pp. 182–183.
8710:, pp. 534–535.
8602:, pp. 512–513.
8575:, pp. 353–355.
8563:, pp. 275–276.
8551:, pp. 273–274.
8351:2019SciA....5.7292S
8256:, pp. 428–429.
8232:, pp. 407–408.
7935:, pp. 409–410.
7866:, pp. 414–418.
7770:, pp. 410–412.
7722:, pp. 402–403.
7459:, pp. 269–270.
7348:, pp. 236–237.
7300:, pp. 424–425.
7151:on 5 December 2010.
7055:, pp. 392–393.
7031:, pp. 189–190.
6983:, pp. 264–265.
6899:, pp. 271–272.
6824:, pp. 196–197.
6812:, pp. 142–143.
6800:, pp. 141–143.
6764:, pp. 334–335.
6530:, pp. 124–125.
6355:, pp. 325–326.
6230:, pp. 375–376.
6153:, pp. 378–380.
6129:, pp. 241–242.
6081:, pp. 93, 249.
6033:, pp. 335–336.
5869:, pp. 74, 120.
5608:, pp. 153–154.
5584:, pp. 204–205.
5545:, pp. 286–287.
5521:, pp. 526–527.
5509:, pp. 281–282.
5494:, pp. 208–209.
5409:, pp. 290–291.
5223:, pp. 146–147.
5172:, pp. 205–206.
5136:, pp. 298–299.
5100:, pp. 284–285.
4948:, pp. 135–136.
4895:, pp. 259–260.
4784:, pp. 69, 440.
4744:, pp. 162–163.
4708:, pp. 182–183.
4681:, pp. 298–299.
4666:, pp. 297–298.
4615:, pp. 231–232.
4531:, pp. 182–183.
4519:, pp. 221–222.
4507:, pp. 181–182.
4423:, pp. 201–202.
4411:, pp. 121–122.
4363:, pp. 127–128.
4351:, pp. 247–248.
4339:, pp. 314–315.
4286:, pp. 253–254.
4199:, pp. 87, 103.
4131:, pp. 107–109.
3909:, pp. 102–103.
3885:, pp. 99, 101.
3829:, pp. 109–110.
3805:, pp. 332–334.
3636:, pp. 184–185.
3292:, pp. 138–139.
2573:Holocaust education
2510:in eastern Europe.
2463:Genocide Convention
2243:a last-ditch effort
2187:Carpathian Ruthenia
2177:Continuing killings
2162:Holocaust survivors
2156:During the war the
1813:General Governorate
1669:General Governorate
1642:(built as POW camp)
1495:Killing technology
1482:
1373:Extermination camps
1349:, referring to his
1345:. The next day, he
1330:extermination camps
987:General Governorate
921:. In 1941, Germany
896:. The Soviet Union
871:General Governorate
788:Mandatory Palestine
681:Persecution of Jews
671:Bohemia and Moravia
643:forcibly sterilized
639:concentration camps
532:postcard showing a
305:medical experiments
219:extermination camps
26953:Surrender of Japan
26786:Battle of Iwo Jima
26635:Belgrade offensive
26048:Siege of Leningrad
25932:Battle of Shanggao
25861:British Somaliland
25826:Dunkirk evacuation
25777:Norwegian campaign
25715:Invasion of Poland
25542:Japanese prisoners
24510:Italian war crimes
24441:British war crimes
24356:Soviet occupations
24140:South-West Pacific
24027:Allied cooperation
23985:Military equipment
23622:2002 Gujarat riots
23546:Cambodian genocide
23540:Lebanese Civil War
23318:Soviet persecution
23155:Jerusalem massacre
23068:Sectarian violence
23053:Political violence
22678:Racial integration
22658:Race and sexuality
22463:Japanese Americans
22183:Racial segregation
22173:Racial nationalism
21898:German Romanticism
21786:Nazi Party members
21640:Extermination camp
21033:Racial segregation
20761:Deutsches Jungvolk
20448:Burgas bus bombing
20133:Crown Heights riot
20086:Ras Burqa massacre
19797:Haifa Oil Refinery
19653:Ardeatine massacre
19588:Dzyatlava massacre
19008:Częstochowa pogrom
18619:Shepherds' Crusade
18424:Alexandrian pogrom
18409:1st – 13th century
17910:Assyrian Captivity
17890:Origins of Judaism
17832:Population history
17755:(personal masseur)
17682:Operation Nordwind
17677:Army Group Vistula
17577:Operation Reinhard
17506:Responsibility for
17460:Karl Maria Wiligut
17385:Ideology of the SS
17161:Slobodan Milošević
17012:Erich von Manstein
16624:Extermination camp
16385:Effacer le tableau
16148:Hyderabadi Muslims
16093:Nanshitou Massacre
16077:Muslims and Croats
15779:Hamidian massacres
15666:Al-Jawazi massacre
15656:Stolen Generations
15359:list by death toll
14881:Sicherheitspolizei
14837:Algirdas Klimaitis
14635:Friedrich Buchardt
14550:Bruno Streckenbach
14251:Apocalypse: Hitler
14179:In popular culture
13610:Conservative Party
13371:Pale of Settlement
12881:Christian Identity
12855:Soviet mathematics
12760:Working definition
12553:History and memory
12457:Forced euthanasia
12405:Nazi racial policy
12108:Danish underground
11955:Operation Reinhard
11950:Wannsee Conference
10765:. pp. 54–67.
10058:Berenbaum, Michael
10056:Peck, Abraham J.;
10006:Berenbaum, Michael
10004:Neufeld, Michael;
9856:Gerlach, Christian
9763:St. Martin's Press
4756:, pp. 13–14;
4187:, p. 63, 437.
3948:, pp. 46, 73.
3757:, pp. 49, 53.
3537:, pp. 52, 60.
3510:, pp. 39, 41.
3190:, pp. 61, 65.
2555:
2492:was kidnapped and
2469:of criminal laws.
2455:
2366:Operation Reinhard
2354:
2267:
2195:
2074:
2027:forced-labor camps
2023:
2003:
1931:
1817:
1763:Bialystok District
1740:The Warsaw Ghetto
1738:
1685:
1659:Operation Reinhard
1622:East Upper Silesia
1480:
1428:East Upper Silesia
1389:
1379:Extermination camp
1366:Wannsee Conference
1337:. On 11 December,
1230:
1222:
1152:
1110:
1088:besieged Leningrad
1068:complete disregard
990:
975:
923:invaded Yugoslavia
919:Denmark and Norway
894:German–Soviet pact
827:
742:
655:state-led measures
602:
537:
515:postwar settlement
503:widespread pogroms
413:
328:museums, memorials
301:forced labor camps
223:Auschwitz-Birkenau
217:and poison gas in
97:Europe, primarily
27263:Massacres of Jews
27033:
27032:
27027:
27026:
26985:
26984:
26828:Battle of Okinawa
26727:Burma (1944–1945)
26561:Mariana and Palau
26341:Tunisian campaign
26166:Fall of Singapore
26090:Fall of Hong Kong
25833:Battle of Britain
25686:Operation Himmler
25595:
25594:
25259:Dutch East Indies
24902:Southern Rhodesia
24654:
24653:
24554:Genocide of Serbs
24457:German war crimes
24434:Soviet war crimes
24427:Allied war crimes
24273:Division of Korea
24252:Chinese Civil War
24050:Strategic bombing
23962:Manhattan Project
23736:
23735:
23676:Rohingya genocide
23404:Direct Action Day
23356:Šahovići massacre
23306:Armenian genocide
23300:Assyrian genocide
23187:(13th–15th cent.)
23181:(12th–16th cent.)
23179:Northern Crusades
23023:Forced conversion
22973:Cultural genocide
22968:Communal violence
22845:post–Cold War era
22830:Eastern Orthodoxy
22751:
22750:
22499:African Americans
22446:Chinese Americans
22143:Ethnic stereotype
21942:
21941:
21515:Strasser (Gregor)
21394:Volksgemeinschaft
21339:Völkisch movement
21334:Völkisch equality
20921:Nuremberg rallies
20882:German rearmament
20691:
20690:
20687:
20686:
20663:
20662:
20504:Halamish stabbing
20496:Tel Aviv shooting
20427:
20426:
20380:
20379:
20316:
20315:
20272:Passover massacre
20238:
20237:
20195:
20194:
20191:
20190:
20157:Beit Lid massacre
20112:
20111:
20033:
20032:
20023:Nahariya massacre
19954:
19953:
19899:
19898:
19877:
19876:
19827:
19826:
19790:Fajja bus attacks
19777:
19776:
19734:
19733:
19684:
19683:
19640:
19639:
19604:
19603:
19568:
19567:
19419:
19418:
19397:
19396:
19361:
19360:
19345:Tiberias massacre
19274:Constantine riots
19221:
19220:
19146:Russian Civil War
18988:
18987:
18964:
18963:
18700:Brussels massacre
18694:
18693:
18599:
18598:
18567:
18566:
18493:
18492:
18483:Battle of Khaybar
18459:Bar Kokhba revolt
18360:
18359:
18352:WP:Jewish history
18210:Under Muslim rule
18198:Battle of Khaybar
18113:Synagogal Judaism
18094:
18093:
18036:Bar Kokhba revolt
17999:Jewish-Roman Wars
17963:Hasmonean kingdom
17905:Kingdom of Israel
17774:
17773:
17667:Operation Himmler
17634:(younger brother)
17608:Margarete Himmler
17406:Reinhard Heydrich
17310:
17309:
17306:
17305:
17213:
17212:
17094:
17093:
16940:Euthanasia trials
16860:Legal proceedings
16603:Cultural genocide
16529:Cultural genocide
16468:
16467:
16401:Masalit massacres
16364:
16363:
16265:Sri Lankan Tamils
16172:Arabs in Zanzibar
16127:
16126:
16045:Three Alls policy
15822:
15821:
15755:Putumayo genocide
15483:
15482:
15312:
15311:
15257:
15256:
15152:Intelligenzaktion
14998:
14997:
14989:Ypatingasis būrys
14889:Sicherheitsdienst
14845:
14844:
14710:Martin Sandberger
14680:Walter Kutschmann
14665:Friedrich Jeckeln
14455:Reinhard Heydrich
14392:
14391:
14110:Psychopathography
14100:Stefanie Rabatsch
14065:Wealth and income
14041:
14040:
13922:Reich Chancellery
13684:
13683:
13327:Ghettos in Europe
13240:The Daily Stormer
13045:Roman Inquisition
12908:Jewish Bolshevism
12645:
12644:
12641:
12640:
12637:
12636:
12488:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
12435:Jewish emigration
12425:Hitler's prophecy
12420:Haavara Agreement
12366:
12365:
12362:
12361:
12354:Ypatingasis būrys
12251:Sicherheitsdienst
12187:
12186:
12183:
12182:
12126:
12125:
12046:Bielski partisans
11818:
11817:
11814:
11813:
11810:
11809:
11649:Totenkopfverbände
11308:
11307:
10864:Holocaust Studies
10820:978-0-19-921186-9
10803:Wittmann, Rebecca
10794:978-1-118-97052-2
10772:978-0-19-921186-9
10726:978-1-118-97052-2
10699:978-1-118-97052-2
10665:978-3-030-55532-0
10630:978-1-118-97052-2
10608:978-1-118-97052-2
10589:978-1-118-97052-2
10570:978-1-5017-6676-3
10544:978-0-19-921186-9
10521:978-1-5017-6676-3
10491:978-90-04-35235-3
10472:978-0-19-921186-9
10449:978-0-19-921186-9
10442:. pp. 1–20.
10423:978-0-85745-564-2
10416:. pp. 1–18.
10396:978-3-030-28675-0
10379:Evans, Richard J.
10370:978-1-118-97052-2
10348:978-1-118-97049-2
10326:978-1-118-97052-2
10300:978-0-19-288683-5
10278:978-0-230-28336-7
10243:978-0-374-11825-9
10217:978-0-241-38870-9
10194:978-0-19-956679-2
10168:978-1-000-83062-0
10149:Smith, Stephen D.
10132:978-3-319-97999-1
10103:978-1-107-07399-9
10077:978-0-253-21529-1
10048:978-0-231-52878-8
9996:978-0-19-280436-5
9970:978-0-300-26253-7
9942:978-0-19-753807-4
9917:978-0-8032-7491-4
9873:978-0-521-70689-6
9847:978-0-7953-4674-3
9800:978-0-429-77837-7
9772:978-0-230-76891-8
9744:978-0-8032-0392-1
9712:978-8-821-19615-7
9687:978-0-19-955034-0
9661:978-1-4422-4228-9
9635:978-1-4742-3219-7
9609:978-0-19-092306-8
9583:978-1-350-33234-8
9555:978-1-351-32989-7
9398:978-1-107-10358-0
9370:978-90-8964-381-0
9331:978-3-946459-59-0
9275:978-1-4411-4655-7
9013:978-0-85772-843-2
8986:978-0-2280-0951-1
8956:978-1-107-10358-0
8773:, pp. 13–14.
8492:978-0-7953-3719-2
8485:. Rosetta Books.
8138:978-1-138-36944-3
8096:978-3-406-80881-4
8062:978-0-85772-843-2
7213:Gellately, Robert
7068:The Blessed Abyss
6331:, pp. 33–34.
6242:, pp. 96–97.
5660:978-0-02-904630-2
5453:Henry Friedlander
5331:, pp. 84–85.
5288:, pp. 79–80.
5088:, pp. 75–77.
4936:, pp. 69–70.
4772:, pp. 72–73.
4483:, pp. 67–68.
4447:, pp. 63–64.
4059:, pp. 37–38.
3984:, pp. 89–90.
3897:, pp. 57–58.
3600:, pp. 44–45.
3588:, pp. 43–44.
3408:, pp. 47–48.
3357:, pp. 32–38.
3328:, pp. 33–34.
3214:, pp. 52–54.
3089:, pp. 64–65.
3014:, pp. 21–23.
2990:, pp. 21–22.
2978:, pp. 20–21.
2954:, pp. 14–17.
2855:, pp. 45–52.
2527:Claims Conference
2508:fall of Communism
2467:non-retroactivity
2374:Christian Gerlach
2288:Holocaust victims
2223:Danish resistance
2150:joint declaration
2112:Bielski partisans
2095:Jews participated
2061:Escape and hiding
2032:private companies
2017:badge at work at
1957:Christian Gerlach
1650:
1649:
1643:
1626:900,000–1,000,000
1358:Reinhard Heydrich
1172:Romanian soldiers
1060:Jewish Bolshevism
1010:French Madagascar
623:a system of camps
600:from 1933 to 1941
495:South West Africa
468:industrialization
203:its collaborators
195:World War II
180:
179:
171:its collaborators
72:Jews arriving at
32:Holocaust victims
16:(Redirected from
27270:
27183:
27175:
27174:
27173:
27166:
27165:from Wikiversity
27158:
27157:
27156:
27149:
27141:
27140:
27139:
27132:
27124:
27123:
27122:
27115:
27107:
27106:
27105:
27098:
27090:
27089:
27088:
27081:
27073:
27072:
27071:
27064:
27056:
27055:
27054:
27044:
27020:
27013:
27006:
27003:World portal
27001:
27000:
26976:
26969:
26962:
26955:
26946:
26939:
26932:
26923:
26916:
26909:
26902:
26895:
26888:
26879:
26872:
26865:
26863:Prague offensive
26858:
26856:Battle of Berlin
26851:
26844:
26837:
26830:
26823:
26816:
26809:
26802:
26800:Vienna offensive
26795:
26788:
26781:
26779:Battle of Manila
26774:
26754:
26745:
26736:
26729:
26720:
26713:
26706:
26699:
26692:
26685:
26678:
26669:
26660:
26653:
26644:
26637:
26630:
26623:
26614:
26607:
26600:
26593:
26586:
26579:
26572:
26563:
26556:
26547:
26538:
26529:
26522:
26520:Korsun–Cherkassy
26515:
26504:
26482:
26473:
26466:
26459:
26452:
26445:
26438:
26431:
26422:
26415:
26408:
26401:
26392:
26385:
26378:
26371:
26364:
26362:Bombing of Gorky
26357:
26350:
26343:
26323:
26316:
26307:
26300:
26293:
26284:
26277:
26270:
26263:
26252:
26245:
26238:
26231:
26229:Battle of Midway
26224:
26217:
26215:Battle of Gazala
26210:
26203:
26196:
26189:
26182:
26175:
26168:
26148:
26141:
26134:
26127:
26125:Battle of Borneo
26120:
26118:Malayan campaign
26113:
26106:
26099:
26092:
26085:
26078:
26071:
26064:
26062:Bombing of Gorky
26057:
26055:Battle of Moscow
26050:
26043:
26036:
26029:
26022:
26015:
25999:
25992:
25985:
25978:
25971:
25964:
25955:
25948:
25941:
25934:
25927:
25907:
25898:
25891:
25884:
25877:
25870:
25863:
25856:
25849:
25842:
25835:
25828:
25821:
25819:Battle of France
25814:
25807:
25800:
25793:
25786:
25779:
25759:
25752:
25745:
25738:
25731:
25724:
25717:
25695:
25688:
25681:
25674:
25672:Munich Agreement
25667:
25660:
25651:
25644:
25637:
25628:
25621:
25606:
25605:
25588:
25581:
25572:
25565:
25558:
25557:Soviet prisoners
25551:
25544:
25537:
25528:
25521:
25512:
25505:
25498:
25497:German prisoners
25493:
25473:
25464:
25457:
25450:
25445:
25438:
25431:
25424:
25417:
25410:
25403:
25396:
25389:
25382:
25375:
25368:
25361:
25354:
25345:
25338:
25331:
25324:
25317:
25310:
25303:
25296:
25289:
25282:
25275:
25268:
25261:
25254:
25247:
25240:
25233:
25226:
25219:
25199:
25192:
25185:
25178:
25171:
25164:
25157:
25150:
25143:
25136:
25129:
25109:
25102:
25095:
25088:
25080:
25073:
25066:
25057:
25050:
25042:
25035:
25033:French Indochina
25028:
25021:
25014:
25007:
24999:
24992:
24985:
24977:
24957:
24948:
24941:
24932:
24925:
24918:
24911:
24904:
24897:
24890:
24883:
24880:from August 1944
24871:
24864:
24857:
24850:
24843:
24836:
24829:
24822:
24815:
24803:
24796:
24789:
24782:
24775:
24763:
24755:
24748:
24741:
24734:
24727:
24720:
24713:
24701:
24694:
24687:
24680:
24665:
24664:
24645:
24638:
24631:
24624:
24617:
24606:
24591:
24584:
24577:
24572:
24563:
24556:
24549:
24540:
24533:
24526:
24524:Nanjing Massacre
24519:
24512:
24503:
24501:Nuremberg trials
24494:
24487:
24480:
24473:
24466:
24459:
24450:
24443:
24436:
24429:
24409:
24402:
24395:
24386:
24379:
24372:
24365:
24358:
24351:
24342:
24333:
24326:
24319:
24312:
24303:
24296:
24289:
24282:
24275:
24268:
24261:
24254:
24234:
24225:
24218:
24211:
24202:
24195:
24188:
24181:
24172:
24165:
24158:
24149:
24142:
24135:
24128:
24121:
24114:
24107:
24105:Asia and Pacific
24087:
24080:
24073:
24066:
24059:
24052:
24045:
24036:
24034:Mulberry harbour
24029:
24022:
24015:
24008:
24001:
23994:
23987:
23980:
23971:
23964:
23957:
23948:
23941:
23934:
23927:
23920:
23913:
23906:
23899:
23892:
23885:
23876:
23869:
23854:
23853:
23842:
23835:
23826:
23819:
23812:
23805:
23798:
23791:
23784:
23763:
23756:
23749:
23740:
23739:
23728:
23727:
23694:2020 Delhi riots
23610:Kosheh massacres
23590:Bosnian genocide
23410:1946 Bihar riots
23073:Social cleansing
22998:Ethnic cleansing
22778:
22771:
22764:
22755:
22754:
22741:
22740:
22731:
22730:
22721:
22720:
22575:Racial supremacy
22533:Jewish Americans
22511:Native Americans
22480:Zainichi Koreans
22468:Japanese Koreans
22451:Zainichi Chinese
22424:Racism by target
22201:Global apartheid
22193:Racism by region
22178:Racial profiling
22168:Racial hierarchy
21969:
21962:
21955:
21946:
21945:
21934:
21933:
21894:
21885:
21882:Drang nach Osten
21720:
21701:
21610:von Sebottendorf
21406:
21397:
21386:
21366:State capitalism
21351:Social Darwinism
21330:
21321:
21203:
21194:
21175:
21166:
21140:
21109:
21106:Dolchstoßlegende
21079:Authoritarianism
20972:Nuremberg trials
20950:
20941:
20902:
20878:
20837:
20827:
20813:
20764:
20755:
20746:
20718:
20711:
20704:
20695:
20694:
20680:
20677:Dagestan attacks
20672:
20656:
20649:
20642:
20635:
20628:
20621:
20614:
20607:
20600:
20593:
20586:
20571:
20570:
20566:
20563:Beersheba attack
20558:
20539:
20531:
20523:
20515:
20507:
20499:
20491:
20483:
20475:
20467:
20459:
20451:
20443:
20420:
20412:
20404:
20396:
20382:
20381:
20373:
20366:
20359:
20352:
20345:
20338:
20331:
20318:
20317:
20309:
20302:
20295:
20288:
20281:
20274:
20267:
20260:
20253:
20240:
20239:
20231:
20224:
20211:
20210:
20204:
20203:
20184:
20176:
20168:
20160:
20152:
20144:
20136:
20128:
20125:Cairo bus attack
20114:
20113:
20105:
20097:
20089:
20081:
20073:
20065:
20057:
20049:
20035:
20034:
20026:
20018:
20010:
20002:
19994:
19991:Ma'alot massacre
19986:
19978:
19970:
19956:
19955:
19947:
19939:
19931:
19923:
19915:
19901:
19900:
19892:
19879:
19878:
19870:
19863:
19856:
19849:
19842:
19829:
19828:
19820:
19813:
19806:
19799:
19792:
19779:
19778:
19770:
19763:
19756:
19743:
19742:
19727:
19720:
19713:
19706:
19704:Topoľčany pogrom
19699:
19697:Deutsch Schützen
19686:
19685:
19677:
19669:
19667:Sărmașu massacre
19662:
19655:
19642:
19641:
19633:
19626:
19619:
19606:
19605:
19597:
19590:
19583:
19581:Dünamünde Action
19570:
19569:
19561:
19553:
19546:
19544:Kaunas (October)
19539:
19532:
19525:
19518:
19511:
19504:
19497:
19490:
19483:
19476:
19469:
19462:
19455:
19448:
19441:
19434:
19421:
19420:
19412:
19399:
19398:
19390:
19383:
19376:
19363:
19362:
19354:
19347:
19334:
19333:
19320:
19318:
19301:
19293:
19285:
19277:
19269:
19261:
19253:
19245:
19243:
19230:
19227:Zavirtcha pogrom
19214:
19207:
19200:
19193:
19186:
19179:
19172:
19165:
19158:
19142:
19141:
19137:
19130:
19123:
19115:
19107:
19099:
19091:
19083:
19075:
19067:
19059:
19056:Białystok pogrom
19051:
19043:
19035:
19027:
19019:
19011:
18997:
18996:
18981:
18973:
18957:
18950:
18943:
18927:
18926:
18922:
18914:
18906:
18898:
18890:
18882:
18874:
18866:
18858:
18850:
18847:Algiers massacre
18842:
18834:
18831:Massacre of Uman
18826:
18818:
18810:
18791:
18783:
18775:
18767:
18759:
18751:
18743:
18735:
18727:
18719:
18711:
18703:
18687:
18680:
18673:
18666:
18659:
18643:
18642:
18638:
18630:
18622:
18608:
18607:
18592:
18584:
18576:
18560:
18553:
18546:
18530:
18529:
18525:
18522:Granada massacre
18517:
18509:
18506:Córdoba massacre
18486:
18478:
18470:
18462:
18454:
18451:The Great Revolt
18440:
18439:
18435:
18427:
18413:
18412:
18387:
18380:
18373:
18364:
18363:
18348:
18184:Mohammedan Wars
18108:Rabbinic Judaism
18061:Byzantine Empire
18014:Galilee campaign
17994:Judean Civil War
17989:Maccabean Revolt
17982:Wars and revolts
17979:
17978:
17968:Herodian kingdom
17925:Babylonian Yehud
17900:Kingdom of Judah
17837:Military history
17801:
17794:
17787:
17778:
17777:
17743:(closest friend)
17691:Failed assassins
17652:(brother-in-law)
17646:(brother-in-law)
17442:Werner Grothmann
17344:Heinrich Himmler
17337:
17330:
17323:
17314:
17313:
17299:
17291:
17283:
17275:
17267:
17259:
17251:
17243:
17235:
17221:
17215:
17214:
17206:
17198:
17190:
17180:
17172:
17169:Radovan Karadžić
17164:
17156:
17148:
17140:
17132:
17129:Belgrade Process
17124:
17116:
17102:
17096:
17095:
17087:
17079:
17071:
17063:
17060:Treblinka trials
17055:
17047:
17039:
17031:
17023:
17015:
17007:
16999:
16991:
16983:
16975:
16967:
16959:
16951:
16943:
16935:
16927:
16919:
16911:
16903:
16900:Épuration légale
16895:
16887:
16873:
16870:Holocaust trials
16864:
16863:
16852:
16845:
16838:
16831:
16824:
16817:
16810:
16801:
16794:
16787:
16780:
16762:
16755:
16748:
16741:
16734:
16727:
16720:
16711:
16704:
16684:
16677:
16670:
16663:
16654:
16647:
16640:
16633:
16626:
16619:
16617:Ethnic cleansing
16612:
16605:
16587:
16580:
16573:
16566:
16559:
16552:
16545:
16538:
16531:
16524:
16513:
16506:
16499:
16490:
16483:
16461:
16453:
16445:
16437:
16434:Shias under ISIS
16429:
16421:
16413:
16403:
16396:
16388:
16374:
16366:
16365:
16357:
16349:
16339:
16332:
16324:
16316:
16308:
16300:
16292:
16284:
16276:
16268:
16260:
16252:
16244:
16236:
16226:
16219:
16212:
16207:
16199:
16191:
16183:
16175:
16167:
16159:
16151:
16137:
16129:
16128:
16120:
16112:
16104:
16096:
16088:
16080:
16072:
16069:Serbs in Croatia
16064:
16056:
16048:
16040:
16032:
16029:Nanjing Massacre
16024:
16021:Parsley massacre
16016:
16013:Polish Operation
16008:
16005:Romani Holocaust
16000:
15992:
15984:
15976:
15968:
15960:
15952:
15949:Napalpí massacre
15944:
15936:
15928:
15920:
15912:
15902:
15894:
15886:
15878:
15870:
15860:
15853:
15845:
15832:
15824:
15823:
15813:
15805:
15798:
15790:
15782:
15774:
15766:
15758:
15750:
15742:
15734:
15726:
15716:
15708:
15700:
15692:
15684:
15677:
15669:
15659:
15651:
15643:
15636:
15628:
15620:
15612:
15602:
15594:
15586:
15579:
15571:
15563:
15555:
15547:
15539:
15531:
15523:
15515:
15507:
15493:
15485:
15484:
15476:
15468:
15460:
15452:
15444:
15441:Mongol conquests
15436:
15428:
15420:
15410:
15403:
15395:
15387:
15373:
15365:
15364:
15339:
15332:
15325:
15316:
15315:
15183:Zmievskaya Balka
15113:Kaunas June 1941
15070:Dünamünde Action
15007:
15006:
14935:Schutzmannschaft
14854:
14853:
14655:Erich Isselhorst
14595:Wolfgang Birkner
14590:Ernst Biberstein
14562:Einsatzkommandos
14540:Heinrich Seetzen
14485:Walther Bierkamp
14445:
14444:
14433:Einsatzkommandos
14419:
14412:
14405:
14396:
14395:
14380:
14379:
14336:Jean-Marie Loret
14105:Reinhold Hanisch
13973:Wolfsschlucht II
13897:
13896:
13724:
13717:
13710:
13701:
13700:
13688:
13687:
13208:Holocaust denial
13077:Host desecration
12886:Cultural Marxism
12816:Antisemitism and
12795:
12750:New antisemitism
12672:
12665:
12658:
12649:
12648:
12537:Holocaust denial
12515:Nuremberg trials
12505:Postwar violence
12460:
12395:
12394:
12372:
12371:
12334:Special Brigades
12324:Nederlandsche SS
12291:Police Regiments
12215:
12214:
12193:
12192:
12053:Ghetto uprisings
12041:Jewish partisans
11988:Harvest Festival
11960:Holocaust trains
11846:
11845:
11837:
11836:
11824:
11823:
11689:
11688:
11585:
11563:
11545:
11526:
11508:
11331:
11330:
11314:
11313:
11022:
11021:
11007:
11000:
10993:
10984:
10983:
10978:
10951:
10949:
10922:
10904:
10880:
10854:
10845:(4): 1054–1077.
10830:Journal articles
10824:
10798:
10776:
10750:
10744:
10740:
10738:
10730:
10703:
10684:
10682:
10680:
10634:
10612:
10593:
10574:
10548:
10525:
10495:
10476:
10453:
10427:
10400:
10374:
10352:
10330:
10304:
10282:
10247:
10221:
10198:
10172:
10144:
10107:
10081:
10052:
10027:
10000:
9979:Longerich, Peter
9974:
9946:
9921:
9893:
9877:
9851:
9840:. RosettaBooks.
9830:
9804:
9776:
9748:
9716:
9691:
9665:
9639:
9613:
9587:
9559:
9536:Bartrop, Paul R.
9517:
9516:
9514:
9512:
9497:
9491:
9485:
9479:
9478:
9457:
9451:
9445:
9439:
9433:
9427:
9421:
9415:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9381:
9375:
9374:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9343:
9335:
9323:
9312:
9306:
9305:
9286:
9280:
9279:
9261:
9255:
9249:
9243:
9242:
9218:
9212:
9206:
9200:
9194:
9188:
9182:
9173:
9167:
9161:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9131:
9125:
9119:
9113:
9107:
9101:
9095:
9089:
9083:
9077:
9071:
9065:
9059:
9048:
9047:
9024:
9018:
9017:
8997:
8991:
8990:
8967:
8961:
8960:
8939:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8909:
8903:
8897:
8891:
8885:
8879:
8873:
8863:
8857:
8847:
8841:
8835:
8829:
8819:
8813:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8780:
8774:
8768:
8762:
8756:
8747:
8741:
8735:
8729:
8723:
8717:
8711:
8705:
8699:
8693:
8687:
8681:
8675:
8669:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8639:
8633:
8627:
8621:
8615:
8609:
8603:
8597:
8591:
8585:
8576:
8570:
8564:
8558:
8552:
8546:
8540:
8534:
8525:
8519:
8506:
8500:
8499:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8466:
8464:
8455:. Archived from
8443:
8437:
8431:
8425:
8419:
8413:
8407:
8401:
8395:
8389:
8388:
8378:
8338:Science Advances
8328:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8263:
8257:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8233:
8227:
8221:
8215:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8204:
8188:
8182:
8176:
8170:
8164:
8155:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8111:Herf, Jeffrey C.
8107:
8101:
8100:
8073:
8067:
8066:
8046:
8040:
8034:
8025:
8019:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7954:
7948:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7897:
7891:
7882:
7876:
7867:
7861:
7855:
7849:
7843:
7837:
7831:
7825:
7819:
7813:
7807:
7801:
7795:
7789:
7783:
7777:
7771:
7765:
7759:
7753:
7747:
7741:
7735:
7729:
7723:
7717:
7711:
7705:
7699:
7693:
7687:
7681:
7675:
7669:
7660:
7654:
7648:
7642:
7636:
7630:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7619:
7610:. Archived from
7598:
7592:
7586:
7580:
7574:
7568:
7562:
7556:
7550:
7544:
7538:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7508:
7502:
7496:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7460:
7454:
7448:
7442:
7436:
7430:
7421:
7415:
7409:
7403:
7397:
7391:
7385:
7379:
7373:
7367:
7361:
7355:
7349:
7343:
7337:
7331:
7325:
7319:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7295:
7289:
7283:
7272:
7271:
7249:
7243:
7242:
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2829:
2823:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2774:
2748:
2742:
2679:
2636:genocide studies
2632:European history
2601:criminal offense
2370:Rwandan genocide
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2261:A mass grave at
2247:fighter aircraft
2104:Soviet partisans
2016:
1977:became notorious
1944:Polish policemen
1842:Abdelkader Mesli
1815:, 25 April 1942.
1768:ghetto uprisings
1641:
1635:hydrogen cyanide
1605:, engine exhaust
1577:, engine exhaust
1549:, engine exhaust
1483:
1479:
1187:Heinrich Himmler
1038:
849:prisoners of war
792:emigration taxes
647:forced abortions
557:racial community
448:Orthodox Judaism
446:, and practiced
410:November pogroms
374:Soviet civilians
316:Jewish survivors
207:six million Jews
127:ethnic cleansing
70:
50:
49:
21:
27278:
27277:
27273:
27272:
27271:
27269:
27268:
27267:
27253:Nazi war crimes
27203:1940s in Europe
27188:
27187:
27186:
27182:from Wikivoyage
27176:
27171:
27169:
27159:
27154:
27152:
27142:
27137:
27135:
27131:from Wikisource
27125:
27120:
27118:
27108:
27103:
27101:
27091:
27086:
27084:
27074:
27069:
27067:
27063:from Wiktionary
27057:
27052:
27050:
27047:
27043:sister projects
27040:at Knowledge's
27034:
27029:
27028:
27023:
27016:
27009:
26995:
26993:
26981:
26972:
26965:
26958:
26951:
26942:
26935:
26928:
26919:
26914:Atomic bombings
26912:
26905:
26898:
26891:
26884:
26875:
26868:
26861:
26854:
26847:
26840:
26833:
26826:
26819:
26812:
26805:
26798:
26791:
26784:
26777:
26770:
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26750:
26739:
26732:
26725:
26716:
26709:
26702:
26695:
26688:
26681:
26672:
26663:
26656:
26647:
26640:
26633:
26626:
26617:
26610:
26605:Eastern Romania
26603:
26598:Warsaw Uprising
26596:
26591:Tannenberg Line
26589:
26582:
26577:Western Ukraine
26575:
26566:
26559:
26550:
26541:
26532:
26525:
26518:
26507:
26498:
26485:
26478:
26469:
26462:
26455:
26448:
26441:
26434:
26427:
26418:
26411:
26404:
26395:
26388:
26381:
26374:
26369:Battle of Kursk
26367:
26360:
26353:
26346:
26339:
26326:
26319:
26310:
26303:
26296:
26287:
26280:
26273:
26266:
26257:
26248:
26241:
26234:
26227:
26220:
26213:
26206:
26199:
26192:
26185:
26180:St Nazaire Raid
26178:
26171:
26164:
26151:
26144:
26137:
26130:
26123:
26116:
26109:
26102:
26095:
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26053:
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26039:
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26018:
26004:
25995:
25988:
25981:
25974:
25967:
25962:Anglo-Iraqi War
25960:
25953:Battle of Crete
25951:
25944:
25937:
25930:
25923:
25910:
25901:
25894:
25887:
25882:Eastern Romania
25880:
25873:
25866:
25859:
25852:
25845:
25838:
25831:
25824:
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25810:
25803:
25796:
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25561:
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25524:
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25489:
25476:
25469:
25460:
25453:
25448:
25443:Western Ukraine
25441:
25434:
25427:
25420:
25413:
25406:
25399:
25392:
25387:Northeast China
25385:
25378:
25371:
25364:
25357:
25350:
25341:
25334:
25327:
25320:
25313:
25306:
25299:
25292:
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25271:
25264:
25257:
25250:
25243:
25236:
25229:
25222:
25215:
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25181:
25174:
25167:
25160:
25153:
25146:
25139:
25132:
25125:
25112:
25105:
25098:
25093:Slovak Republic
25091:
25083:
25076:
25069:
25064:Empire of Japan
25062:
25053:
25045:
25038:
25031:
25024:
25017:
25010:
25002:
24995:
24988:
24980:
24973:
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24937:
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24921:
24914:
24907:
24900:
24893:
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24730:
24723:
24716:
24704:
24697:
24690:
24683:
24676:
24650:
24641:
24634:
24627:
24620:
24609:
24594:
24587:
24580:
24576:Sexual violence
24575:
24568:
24559:
24552:
24545:
24536:
24529:
24522:
24515:
24508:
24499:
24490:
24483:
24476:
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24462:
24455:
24446:
24439:
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24382:
24375:
24368:
24361:
24354:
24345:
24336:
24329:
24322:
24315:
24306:
24299:
24294:Greek Civil War
24292:
24285:
24278:
24271:
24264:
24257:
24250:
24237:
24230:
24221:
24214:
24207:
24198:
24191:
24184:
24177:
24168:
24161:
24154:
24145:
24138:
24131:
24124:
24119:South-East Asia
24117:
24110:
24103:
24090:
24083:
24076:
24069:
24062:
24055:
24048:
24041:
24032:
24025:
24018:
24011:
24004:
23997:
23990:
23983:
23978:Military awards
23976:
23967:
23960:
23953:
23944:
23937:
23930:
23923:
23916:
23909:
23902:
23895:
23888:
23881:
23872:
23865:
23845:
23838:
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23822:
23815:
23808:
23803:
23794:
23787:
23780:
23772:
23767:
23737:
23732:
23722:
23716:
23652:Yazidi genocide
23558:Revival Process
23494:Thích Quảng Đức
23482:Buddhist crisis
23476:Istanbul pogrom
23344:1970–1987
23339:1958–1964
23334:1928–1941
23329:1921–1928
23324:1917–1921
23209:Goa Inquisition
23143:Battle of Tours
23133:(c.550–c. 1200)
23127:(c. 324–c. 491)
23107:
23008:Ethnic violence
23003:Ethnic conflict
22951:
22950:
22949:
22904:minority Muslim
22791:
22782:
22752:
22747:
22709:
22688:Racism in sport
22586:
22580:White supremacy
22419:
22187:
22123:Ethnic conflict
22095:
22089:
21983:Types of racism
21978:
21973:
21943:
21938:
21924:
21923:
21922:
21908:Racial theories
21891:Generalplan Ost
21838:
21832:
21812:
21806:
21805:
21804:
21776:Nazi ideologues
21758:
21757:
21756:
21718:
21713:(United States)
21712:
21699:
21664:
21658:
21655:Romani genocide
21622:
21615:
21614:
21613:
21530:
21529:
21528:
21520:Strasser (Otto)
21410:
21409:
21408:
21383:Gleichschaltung
21376:Totalitarianism
21261:One-party state
21069:Anti-liberalism
21039:
21038:
21037:
20962:Tripartite Pact
20875:Machtergreifung
20843:
20842:
20841:
20727:
20722:
20692:
20683:
20675:
20667:
20659:
20652:
20645:
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20596:
20589:
20582:
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20502:
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20362:
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20305:
20298:
20291:
20284:
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20270:
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20256:
20249:
20234:
20227:
20220:
20187:
20179:
20171:
20163:
20155:
20147:
20139:
20131:
20123:
20108:
20100:
20092:
20084:
20076:
20068:
20062:Antwerp bombing
20060:
20052:
20044:
20029:
20021:
20013:
20005:
19997:
19989:
19981:
19975:Munich massacre
19973:
19965:
19950:
19942:
19934:
19926:
19918:
19910:
19895:
19888:
19873:
19866:
19859:
19852:
19845:
19838:
19823:
19816:
19809:
19802:
19795:
19788:
19773:
19766:
19759:
19752:
19730:
19723:
19716:
19709:
19702:
19695:
19680:
19672:
19665:
19658:
19651:
19636:
19629:
19622:
19615:
19600:
19593:
19586:
19579:
19564:
19556:
19549:
19542:
19535:
19528:
19521:
19514:
19507:
19500:
19493:
19486:
19479:
19472:
19465:
19458:
19451:
19444:
19437:
19430:
19415:
19408:
19393:
19386:
19379:
19372:
19357:
19350:
19343:
19323:
19308:
19304:
19296:
19288:
19280:
19272:
19266:Campbell pogrom
19264:
19258:Hebron massacre
19256:
19248:
19237:
19233:
19225:
19217:
19210:
19203:
19196:
19189:
19182:
19175:
19168:
19161:
19154:
19140:
19133:
19126:
19118:
19110:
19102:
19094:
19086:
19078:
19070:
19062:
19054:
19046:
19038:
19030:
19024:Zablotov pogrom
19022:
19014:
19006:
18984:
18976:
18968:
18960:
18953:
18946:
18939:
18925:
18917:
18909:
18903:Damascus affair
18901:
18893:
18885:
18877:
18869:
18861:
18853:
18845:
18837:
18829:
18821:
18813:
18805:
18794:
18786:
18778:
18770:
18764:Lisbon massacre
18762:
18754:
18746:
18738:
18730:
18722:
18714:
18706:
18698:
18690:
18683:
18676:
18669:
18662:
18655:
18641:
18633:
18625:
18617:
18595:
18587:
18579:
18571:
18563:
18556:
18549:
18542:
18528:
18520:
18512:
18504:
18489:
18481:
18473:
18465:
18457:
18449:
18438:
18430:
18422:
18404:
18391:
18361:
18356:
18346:
18338:
18327:Israeli history
18270:Jewish question
18258:
18171:
18100:Rabbinic period
18090:
18042:
18024:Diaspora revolt
18019:Siege of Masada
17977:
17929:
17871:
17842:Genetic history
17810:
17805:
17775:
17770:
17717:
17686:
17655:
17650:Richard Wendler
17628:(older brother)
17620:Hedwig Potthast
17596:
17522:Romani genocide
17507:
17501:
17465:
17456:(personal aide)
17424:Hedwig Potthast
17376:Reichsführer-SS
17369:
17356:Reichsführer-SS
17346:
17341:
17311:
17302:
17294:
17286:
17278:
17270:
17262:
17256:Uyghur Tribunal
17254:
17246:
17238:
17230:
17222:
17219:
17209:
17201:
17193:
17185:
17175:
17167:
17159:
17151:
17143:
17135:
17127:
17119:
17111:
17103:
17100:
17090:
17082:
17076:Fedorenko trial
17074:
17066:
17058:
17050:
17042:
17034:
17026:
17018:
17010:
17002:
16994:
16986:
16978:
16972:Stutthof trials
16970:
16962:
16954:
16948:Nuremberg trial
16946:
16938:
16930:
16922:
16914:
16908:Majdanek trials
16906:
16898:
16890:
16884:Krasnodar trial
16882:
16874:
16868:
16855:
16848:
16841:
16834:
16827:
16820:
16813:
16806:
16797:
16790:
16783:
16776:
16765:
16758:
16751:
16744:
16737:
16730:
16723:
16716:
16707:
16700:
16687:
16680:
16673:
16666:
16659:
16650:
16643:
16636:
16629:
16622:
16615:
16608:
16601:
16590:
16583:
16576:
16569:
16562:
16555:
16548:
16541:
16534:
16527:
16520:
16509:
16502:
16495:
16486:
16479:
16464:
16456:
16448:
16440:
16432:
16424:
16416:
16410:Southern Kaduna
16408:
16399:
16391:
16383:
16375:
16370:
16360:
16352:
16344:
16335:
16327:
16319:
16311:
16303:
16295:
16287:
16279:
16271:
16263:
16255:
16247:
16239:
16231:
16222:
16215:
16210:
16202:
16194:
16186:
16178:
16170:
16162:
16154:
16146:
16138:
16133:
16123:
16115:
16107:
16099:
16091:
16083:
16075:
16067:
16059:
16051:
16043:
16035:
16027:
16019:
16011:
16003:
15997:Simele massacre
15995:
15987:
15979:
15971:
15963:
15955:
15947:
15939:
15931:
15923:
15915:
15907:
15897:
15889:
15881:
15873:
15865:
15856:
15848:
15841:
15833:
15828:
15818:
15808:
15801:
15793:
15787:Herero and Nama
15785:
15777:
15769:
15761:
15753:
15745:
15737:
15729:
15721:
15711:
15703:
15695:
15687:
15680:
15672:
15664:
15654:
15646:
15639:
15631:
15623:
15615:
15607:
15597:
15589:
15582:
15574:
15566:
15558:
15550:
15542:
15534:
15526:
15518:
15510:
15502:
15494:
15489:
15479:
15471:
15463:
15455:
15447:
15439:
15431:
15423:
15415:
15406:
15398:
15392:Asiatic Vespers
15390:
15382:
15374:
15369:
15356:
15348:
15343:
15313:
15308:
15279:Commissar Order
15253:
15205:
15187:
15164:
15132:
15094:
15090:Liepāja (Šķēde)
15051:
15033:
14994:
14922:
14897:Ordnungspolizei
14841:
14822:Herberts Cukurs
14805:
14759:
14755:Udo von Woyrsch
14720:Hermann Schaper
14715:Emanuel Schäfer
14690:Josef Meisinger
14675:Wolfgang Kügler
14600:Helmut Bischoff
14567:Sonderkommandos
14565:
14560:
14554:
14495:Erich Ehrlinger
14470:
14464:
14436:
14423:
14393:
14388:
14368:
14347:
14256:
14157:
14153:Private library
14140:
14134:
14070:Religious views
14037:
13986:
13980:Führersonderzug
13978:Special train (
13968:Wolfsschlucht I
13892:
13886:
13840:Military career
13828:
13761:Political views
13733:
13728:
13693:
13685:
13680:
13462:
13416:
13414:
13407:
13288:
13277:The Right Stuff
13234:Bible Believers
13222:
13102:
13100:
13093:
13011:
12987:Self-hating Jew
12864:
12845:Nation of Islam
12811:
12681:
12676:
12646:
12633:
12548:
12464:
12458:
12447:Madagascar Plan
12440:Kindertransport
12389:
12388:
12358:
12300:
12272:
12257:Ordnungspolizei
12213:
12200:
12179:
12122:
12074:
12027:
11998:Maly Trostenets
11969:Mass executions
11964:
11934:
11872:
11831:
11806:
11776:
11735:
11673:
11635:
11594:
11583:
11561:
11543:
11524:
11506:
11494:
11451:
11325:
11304:
11224:
11215:Hidden children
11193:
11051:Czechoslovakia
11016:
11011:
10981:
10832:
10827:
10821:
10795:
10773:
10742:
10741:
10732:
10731:
10727:
10700:
10678:
10676:
10666:
10631:
10609:
10590:
10571:
10545:
10522:
10492:
10473:
10450:
10424:
10397:
10371:
10349:
10335:Dean, Martin C.
10327:
10301:
10279:
10261:Assmann, Aleida
10255:
10250:
10244:
10218:
10195:
10169:
10133:
10104:
10078:
10060:, eds. (2002).
10049:
10024:
9997:
9971:
9943:
9918:
9874:
9848:
9801:
9773:
9753:Cesarani, David
9745:
9713:
9688:
9670:Bloxham, Donald
9662:
9636:
9610:
9584:
9556:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9510:
9508:
9507:. 25 April 2022
9499:
9498:
9494:
9486:
9482:
9475:
9458:
9454:
9446:
9442:
9434:
9430:
9422:
9418:
9410:
9406:
9399:
9382:
9378:
9371:
9357:
9353:
9337:
9336:
9332:
9321:
9313:
9309:
9287:
9283:
9276:
9262:
9258:
9252:Kansteiner 2017
9250:
9246:
9219:
9215:
9207:
9203:
9195:
9191:
9185:Kansteiner 2017
9183:
9176:
9170:Kansteiner 2017
9168:
9164:
9156:
9152:
9144:
9140:
9132:
9128:
9120:
9116:
9108:
9104:
9096:
9092:
9084:
9080:
9072:
9068:
9060:
9051:
9044:
9025:
9021:
9014:
8998:
8994:
8987:
8968:
8964:
8957:
8940:
8936:
8928:
8924:
8916:
8912:
8904:
8900:
8892:
8888:
8880:
8876:
8864:
8860:
8848:
8844:
8836:
8832:
8820:
8816:
8808:
8804:
8794:
8792:
8782:
8781:
8777:
8769:
8765:
8757:
8750:
8742:
8738:
8730:
8726:
8718:
8714:
8706:
8702:
8694:
8690:
8682:
8678:
8670:
8666:
8658:
8654:
8646:
8642:
8634:
8630:
8622:
8618:
8610:
8606:
8598:
8594:
8586:
8579:
8571:
8567:
8559:
8555:
8547:
8543:
8535:
8528:
8508:
8507:
8503:
8493:
8476:
8472:
8462:
8460:
8445:
8444:
8440:
8432:
8428:
8420:
8416:
8408:
8404:
8396:
8392:
8345:(1): eaau7292.
8329:
8325:
8315:
8313:
8303:
8299:
8264:
8260:
8252:
8248:
8240:
8236:
8228:
8224:
8216:
8212:
8202:
8200:
8190:
8189:
8185:
8177:
8173:
8165:
8158:
8150:
8146:
8139:
8123:. p. 278.
8108:
8104:
8097:
8074:
8070:
8063:
8047:
8043:
8035:
8028:
8020:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7991:
7987:
7979:
7975:
7967:
7963:
7955:
7951:
7943:
7939:
7931:
7927:
7919:
7915:
7907:
7900:
7892:
7885:
7877:
7870:
7862:
7858:
7850:
7846:
7838:
7834:
7826:
7822:
7814:
7810:
7802:
7798:
7790:
7786:
7778:
7774:
7766:
7762:
7754:
7750:
7742:
7738:
7730:
7726:
7718:
7714:
7706:
7702:
7694:
7690:
7682:
7678:
7670:
7663:
7655:
7651:
7643:
7639:
7631:
7627:
7617:
7615:
7600:
7599:
7595:
7587:
7583:
7575:
7571:
7563:
7559:
7555:, p. 1074.
7551:
7547:
7539:
7535:
7527:
7523:
7515:
7511:
7503:
7499:
7491:
7487:
7479:
7475:
7467:
7463:
7455:
7451:
7443:
7439:
7431:
7424:
7416:
7412:
7408:, p. 1066.
7404:
7400:
7392:
7388:
7380:
7376:
7368:
7364:
7356:
7352:
7344:
7340:
7332:
7328:
7324:, p. 1064.
7320:
7316:
7308:
7304:
7296:
7292:
7284:
7275:
7268:
7260:. p. 369.
7250:
7246:
7239:
7223:. p. 155.
7210:
7206:
7199:
7181:
7174:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7135:
7131:
7123:
7109:
7105:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7071:
7063:
7059:
7051:
7047:
7039:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7015:
7011:
7003:
6999:
6991:
6987:
6979:
6975:
6967:
6963:
6955:
6951:
6943:
6939:
6931:
6927:
6919:
6915:
6907:
6903:
6895:
6891:
6883:
6879:
6871:
6867:
6859:
6855:
6847:
6843:
6835:
6828:
6820:
6816:
6808:
6804:
6796:
6792:
6784:
6780:
6772:
6768:
6760:
6756:
6748:
6744:
6736:
6729:
6721:
6717:
6709:
6705:
6697:
6693:
6685:
6681:
6673:
6669:
6665:, p. 1067.
6661:
6657:
6649:
6645:
6637:
6633:
6625:
6621:
6613:
6606:
6598:
6594:
6586:
6582:
6574:
6570:
6562:
6558:
6552:Westermann 2020
6550:
6546:
6538:
6534:
6528:Westermann 2020
6526:
6522:
6514:
6510:
6506:, p. 1055.
6502:
6498:
6492:Westermann 2020
6490:
6479:
6471:
6467:
6459:
6455:
6447:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6423:
6419:
6411:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6371:
6363:
6359:
6351:
6347:
6339:
6335:
6327:
6323:
6315:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6291:
6287:
6277:
6275:
6262:
6258:
6250:
6246:
6238:
6234:
6226:
6222:
6214:
6210:
6202:
6193:
6185:
6181:
6173:
6169:
6161:
6157:
6149:
6145:
6137:
6133:
6125:
6121:
6113:
6109:
6101:
6097:
6089:
6085:
6077:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6053:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6010:
6002:
5998:
5990:
5983:
5975:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5932:
5924:
5920:
5912:
5905:
5897:
5890:
5884:Lehnstaedt 2021
5882:
5873:
5865:
5856:
5848:
5809:
5801:
5797:
5789:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5765:
5761:
5753:
5749:
5741:
5737:
5729:
5725:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5568:
5564:
5556:
5549:
5541:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5498:
5490:
5486:
5478:
5474:
5466:
5462:
5451:
5444:
5434:Peter Longerich
5432:
5428:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5354:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5272:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5248:
5239:
5231:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5207:
5203:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5144:
5140:
5132:
5128:
5120:
5116:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5084:
5080:
5072:
5068:
5060:
5056:
5048:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4993:
4985:
4981:
4973:
4969:
4961:
4952:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4899:
4891:
4887:
4879:
4875:
4867:
4863:
4855:
4851:
4843:
4839:
4831:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4804:
4800:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4768:
4764:
4752:
4748:
4740:
4736:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4685:
4677:
4670:
4662:
4658:
4650:
4643:
4635:
4631:
4623:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4583:
4575:
4571:
4563:
4559:
4551:
4547:
4539:
4535:
4527:
4523:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4455:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4431:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4395:
4391:
4383:
4379:
4371:
4367:
4361:Westermann 2020
4359:
4355:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4299:
4290:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4234:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4167:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4135:
4127:
4123:
4115:
4111:
4103:
4099:
4091:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3893:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3850:
3842:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3341:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2843:, p. xxix.
2839:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2777:
2749:
2745:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2553:in Berlin, 2016
2544:
2503:
2494:tried in Israel
2478:23 Nazi leaders
2453:, November 1945
2443:
2437:
2435:Criminal trials
2420:
2415:
2409:
2359:Jewish children
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2255:
2179:
2174:
2126:
2120:
2080:
2063:
1991:
1985:
1916:
1910:
1834:the Netherlands
1809:Lublin District
1793:
1714:Security Police
1661:
1655:
1640:
1598:780,863–951,800
1594:Warsaw District
1570:170,618–238,900
1566:Lublin District
1542:440,823–596,200
1538:Lublin District
1498:Planning began
1412:Odilo Globocnik
1381:
1375:
1318:
1274:shot in Ukraine
1177:by April 1942.
1140:
1130:
1052:
998:Lublin District
972:Krakow District
968:Frysztak Ghetto
960:
954:
903:the Netherlands
835:(armed forces)
812:
695:
689:
683:
591:
458:and usually an
456:Jewish question
394:
346:
340:
243:occupied Poland
119:
89:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
27276:
27266:
27265:
27260:
27255:
27250:
27245:
27240:
27235:
27230:
27225:
27220:
27215:
27210:
27205:
27200:
27185:
27184:
27167:
27150:
27148:from Wikibooks
27133:
27116:
27114:from Wikiquote
27099:
27082:
27065:
27036:
27031:
27030:
27025:
27024:
27022:
27021:
27014:
27007:
26990:
26987:
26986:
26983:
26982:
26980:
26979:
26978:
26977:
26970:
26963:
26949:
26948:
26947:
26933:
26930:South Sakhalin
26926:
26925:
26924:
26910:
26903:
26896:
26889:
26882:
26881:
26880:
26866:
26859:
26852:
26845:
26838:
26831:
26824:
26817:
26810:
26803:
26796:
26789:
26782:
26775:
26767:
26765:
26759:
26758:
26756:
26755:
26748:
26747:
26746:
26730:
26723:
26722:
26721:
26707:
26700:
26693:
26686:
26679:
26670:
26661:
26654:
26645:
26638:
26631:
26624:
26615:
26608:
26601:
26594:
26587:
26580:
26573:
26564:
26557:
26548:
26539:
26530:
26523:
26516:
26505:
26495:
26493:
26487:
26486:
26484:
26483:
26476:
26475:
26474:
26467:
26453:
26446:
26439:
26432:
26425:
26424:
26423:
26409:
26402:
26393:
26386:
26379:
26372:
26365:
26358:
26355:Battle of Attu
26351:
26344:
26336:
26334:
26328:
26327:
26325:
26324:
26317:
26308:
26301:
26294:
26285:
26278:
26271:
26264:
26255:
26254:
26253:
26246:
26232:
26225:
26218:
26211:
26204:
26197:
26190:
26183:
26176:
26169:
26161:
26159:
26153:
26152:
26150:
26149:
26142:
26135:
26128:
26121:
26114:
26107:
26104:Battle of Guam
26100:
26093:
26086:
26079:
26072:
26065:
26058:
26051:
26044:
26037:
26030:
26027:Battle of Kiev
26023:
26016:
26002:
26001:
26000:
25986:
25979:
25972:
25965:
25958:
25957:
25956:
25942:
25935:
25928:
25920:
25918:
25912:
25911:
25909:
25908:
25899:
25892:
25885:
25878:
25871:
25864:
25857:
25850:
25843:
25836:
25829:
25822:
25815:
25808:
25801:
25794:
25787:
25780:
25772:
25770:
25764:
25763:
25761:
25760:
25753:
25746:
25739:
25732:
25725:
25718:
25710:
25708:
25702:
25701:
25699:
25698:
25697:
25696:
25689:
25682:
25675:
25668:
25654:
25653:
25652:
25645:
25631:
25630:
25629:
25614:
25612:
25603:
25597:
25596:
25593:
25592:
25590:
25589:
25582:
25575:
25574:
25573:
25566:
25554:
25553:
25552:
25538:
25531:
25530:
25529:
25526:United Kingdom
25522:
25515:
25514:
25513:
25494:
25486:
25484:
25478:
25477:
25475:
25474:
25467:
25466:
25465:
25458:
25446:
25439:
25432:
25425:
25418:
25411:
25404:
25397:
25390:
25383:
25376:
25369:
25362:
25355:
25348:
25347:
25346:
25339:
25325:
25318:
25311:
25304:
25297:
25290:
25283:
25276:
25269:
25262:
25255:
25248:
25241:
25234:
25227:
25220:
25212:
25210:
25204:
25203:
25201:
25200:
25193:
25186:
25179:
25172:
25165:
25158:
25151:
25144:
25137:
25130:
25122:
25120:
25114:
25113:
25111:
25110:
25103:
25096:
25089:
25081:
25074:
25067:
25060:
25059:
25058:
25043:
25036:
25029:
25022:
25015:
25008:
25000:
24993:
24986:
24978:
24970:
24968:
24962:
24961:
24959:
24958:
24951:
24950:
24949:
24935:
24934:
24933:
24930:British Empire
24923:United Kingdom
24919:
24912:
24905:
24898:
24891:
24884:
24872:
24865:
24858:
24851:
24844:
24837:
24830:
24823:
24816:
24804:
24797:
24790:
24783:
24776:
24764:
24756:
24749:
24742:
24739:Czechoslovakia
24735:
24728:
24721:
24714:
24702:
24695:
24688:
24681:
24673:
24671:
24662:
24656:
24655:
24652:
24651:
24649:
24648:
24647:
24646:
24639:
24636:Rape of Manila
24632:
24625:
24618:
24607:
24592:
24585:
24573:
24566:
24565:
24564:
24557:
24543:
24542:
24541:
24534:
24527:
24513:
24506:
24505:
24504:
24497:
24496:
24495:
24488:
24474:
24467:
24453:
24452:
24451:
24444:
24437:
24422:
24420:
24414:
24413:
24411:
24410:
24407:United Nations
24403:
24396:
24389:
24388:
24387:
24380:
24373:
24366:
24352:
24343:
24334:
24327:
24320:
24313:
24304:
24297:
24290:
24283:
24276:
24269:
24266:Decolonization
24262:
24255:
24247:
24245:
24239:
24238:
24236:
24235:
24228:
24227:
24226:
24212:
24205:
24204:
24203:
24196:
24189:
24175:
24174:
24173:
24166:
24152:
24151:
24150:
24143:
24136:
24129:
24122:
24115:
24100:
24098:
24092:
24091:
24089:
24088:
24081:
24074:
24067:
24060:
24053:
24046:
24039:
24038:
24037:
24030:
24016:
24009:
24002:
23995:
23988:
23981:
23974:
23973:
23972:
23958:
23951:
23950:
23949:
23942:
23939:United Kingdom
23935:
23921:
23914:
23907:
23900:
23893:
23886:
23879:
23878:
23877:
23862:
23860:
23851:
23847:
23846:
23844:
23843:
23836:
23829:
23828:
23827:
23820:
23813:
23801:
23800:
23799:
23785:
23777:
23774:
23773:
23766:
23765:
23758:
23751:
23743:
23734:
23733:
23721:
23718:
23717:
23715:
23714:
23708:
23703:
23697:
23691:
23685:
23679:
23678:(2016–ongoing)
23673:
23672:(2014–ongoing)
23667:
23661:
23660:(2014–ongoing)
23655:
23649:
23643:
23637:
23636:(2009–ongoing)
23631:
23630:(2004–ongoing)
23625:
23619:
23613:
23607:
23601:
23600:
23599:
23593:
23587:
23575:
23569:
23568:
23567:
23555:
23549:
23543:
23537:
23536:(1971–ongoing)
23531:
23525:
23524:
23523:
23517:
23505:
23504:
23503:
23497:
23491:
23479:
23473:
23472:(1953–ongoing)
23467:
23461:
23460:(1950–ongoing)
23455:
23454:(1949–ongoing)
23449:
23443:
23437:
23436:(1947–ongoing)
23431:
23430:(1947–ongoing)
23425:
23424:(1947–ongoing)
23419:
23413:
23407:
23401:
23398:Noakhali riots
23395:
23389:
23383:
23377:
23371:
23365:
23359:
23353:
23352:
23351:
23346:
23341:
23336:
23331:
23326:
23315:
23309:
23303:
23297:
23296:
23295:
23287:Greek genocide
23284:
23278:
23275:Adana massacre
23272:
23266:
23260:
23254:
23248:
23242:
23236:
23230:
23224:
23218:
23212:
23206:
23200:
23194:
23188:
23182:
23176:
23170:
23164:
23158:
23152:
23146:
23140:
23139:(c.184–c. 205)
23134:
23128:
23122:
23115:
23113:
23109:
23108:
23106:
23105:
23100:
23095:
23090:
23088:State religion
23085:
23080:
23075:
23070:
23065:
23060:
23055:
23050:
23045:
23040:
23035:
23030:
23025:
23020:
23015:
23010:
23005:
23000:
22995:
22993:Discrimination
22990:
22985:
22980:
22975:
22970:
22965:
22959:
22957:
22953:
22952:
22948:
22947:
22945:Zoroastrianism
22942:
22937:
22932:
22927:
22922:
22921:
22920:
22910:
22909:
22908:
22907:
22906:
22901:
22896:
22891:
22886:
22871:
22870:
22869:
22867:Untouchability
22864:
22854:
22849:
22848:
22847:
22842:
22837:
22832:
22827:
22817:
22812:
22807:
22801:
22800:
22799:
22797:
22793:
22792:
22789:discrimination
22781:
22780:
22773:
22766:
22758:
22749:
22748:
22746:
22745:
22735:
22725:
22714:
22711:
22710:
22708:
22707:
22702:
22700:Reverse racism
22697:
22696:
22695:
22685:
22680:
22675:
22673:Racial figleaf
22670:
22665:
22660:
22655:
22650:
22645:
22640:
22635:
22630:
22625:
22620:
22615:
22610:
22605:
22600:
22594:
22592:
22591:Related topics
22588:
22587:
22585:
22584:
22583:
22582:
22572:
22567:
22562:
22557:
22552:
22550:Middle Eastern
22547:
22542:
22541:
22540:
22535:
22525:
22524:
22523:
22513:
22508:
22507:
22506:
22501:
22491:
22490:
22489:
22484:
22483:
22482:
22472:
22471:
22470:
22465:
22455:
22454:
22453:
22448:
22433:
22427:
22425:
22421:
22420:
22418:
22417:
22416:
22415:
22410:
22405:
22395:
22394:
22393:
22388:
22383:
22373:
22372:
22371:
22366:
22361:
22356:
22346:
22345:
22344:
22342:United Kingdom
22339:
22334:
22329:
22324:
22319:
22314:
22309:
22304:
22299:
22294:
22284:
22279:
22278:
22277:
22272:
22267:
22257:
22256:
22255:
22250:
22245:
22240:
22235:
22230:
22220:
22219:
22218:
22213:
22203:
22197:
22195:
22189:
22188:
22186:
22185:
22180:
22175:
22170:
22165:
22160:
22155:
22150:
22145:
22140:
22135:
22130:
22125:
22120:
22115:
22110:
22105:
22099:
22097:
22094:Manifestations
22091:
22090:
22088:
22087:
22082:
22077:
22072:
22067:
22062:
22057:
22052:
22047:
22042:
22037:
22032:
22027:
22022:
22017:
22012:
22007:
22002:
21997:
21992:
21986:
21984:
21980:
21979:
21972:
21971:
21964:
21957:
21949:
21940:
21939:
21929:
21926:
21925:
21921:
21920:
21915:
21910:
21905:
21900:
21895:
21886:
21877:
21872:
21867:
21865:Beefsteak Nazi
21862:
21861:
21860:
21855:
21844:
21843:
21842:
21840:
21834:
21833:
21831:
21826:
21821:
21816:
21814:
21813:German society
21808:
21807:
21803:
21798:
21793:
21788:
21783:
21778:
21773:
21768:
21767:
21766:
21764:
21760:
21759:
21755:
21754:
21747:
21742:
21737:
21732:
21727:
21722:
21715:
21708:
21703:
21696:
21691:
21686:
21681:
21676:
21670:
21669:
21668:
21666:
21660:
21659:
21657:
21652:
21647:
21645:Final Solution
21642:
21637:
21632:
21627:
21625:
21623:and war crimes
21617:
21616:
21612:
21607:
21602:
21597:
21592:
21587:
21585:von Liebenfels
21582:
21577:
21572:
21567:
21562:
21557:
21552:
21547:
21542:
21541:
21540:
21538:
21532:
21531:
21527:
21522:
21517:
21512:
21507:
21502:
21497:
21495:von Ribbentrop
21492:
21487:
21482:
21477:
21472:
21467:
21462:
21457:
21452:
21447:
21442:
21437:
21432:
21427:
21422:
21421:
21420:
21418:
21412:
21411:
21407:
21398:
21389:
21388:
21387:
21373:
21368:
21363:
21358:
21353:
21348:
21343:
21342:
21341:
21336:
21331:
21322:
21313:
21308:
21303:
21298:
21293:
21288:
21278:
21273:
21268:
21263:
21258:
21253:
21248:
21247:
21246:
21241:
21236:
21231:
21221:
21216:
21214:Indoctrination
21211:
21210:
21209:
21204:
21195:
21191:Heim ins Reich
21186:
21176:
21167:
21158:
21153:
21148:
21143:
21142:
21141:
21127:
21122:
21117:
21116:
21115:
21110:
21096:
21091:
21086:
21084:Blood and soil
21081:
21076:
21071:
21066:
21061:
21059:Anti-communism
21056:
21051:
21050:
21049:
21047:
21041:
21040:
21036:
21035:
21030:
21025:
21020:
21015:
21010:
21005:
21000:
20998:Doctors' Trial
20995:
20990:
20982:Final solution
20979:
20974:
20969:
20967:Denazification
20964:
20959:
20956:
20951:
20942:
20933:
20928:
20926:Nuremberg Laws
20923:
20918:
20913:
20908:
20903:
20894:
20889:
20884:
20879:
20870:
20865:
20860:
20858:Early timeline
20855:
20854:
20853:
20851:
20845:
20844:
20840:
20839:
20829:
20824:Sturmabteilung
20819:
20814:
20805:
20800:
20795:
20790:
20785:
20780:
20775:
20770:
20765:
20756:
20747:
20737:
20736:
20735:
20733:
20729:
20728:
20721:
20720:
20713:
20706:
20698:
20689:
20688:
20685:
20684:
20682:
20681:
20673:
20664:
20661:
20660:
20658:
20657:
20650:
20643:
20636:
20629:
20622:
20615:
20608:
20601:
20594:
20587:
20579:
20577:
20568:
20567:
20559:
20550:
20548:
20544:
20543:
20541:
20540:
20532:
20524:
20516:
20508:
20500:
20492:
20484:
20476:
20468:
20460:
20452:
20444:
20435:
20433:
20429:
20428:
20425:
20424:
20422:
20421:
20413:
20405:
20397:
20388:
20386:
20378:
20377:
20375:
20374:
20367:
20360:
20353:
20346:
20339:
20332:
20324:
20322:
20314:
20313:
20311:
20310:
20303:
20300:Matzuva attack
20296:
20289:
20282:
20275:
20268:
20261:
20254:
20246:
20244:
20236:
20235:
20233:
20232:
20225:
20217:
20215:
20208:
20201:
20197:
20196:
20193:
20192:
20189:
20188:
20186:
20185:
20177:
20169:
20165:Purim massacre
20161:
20153:
20145:
20137:
20129:
20120:
20118:
20110:
20109:
20107:
20106:
20102:Purim stabbing
20098:
20090:
20082:
20074:
20066:
20058:
20050:
20041:
20039:
20031:
20030:
20028:
20027:
20019:
20011:
20003:
19995:
19987:
19979:
19971:
19962:
19960:
19952:
19951:
19949:
19948:
19940:
19936:Tripoli pogrom
19932:
19924:
19916:
19907:
19905:
19897:
19896:
19894:
19893:
19885:
19883:
19875:
19874:
19872:
19871:
19864:
19861:Cairo bombings
19857:
19850:
19843:
19835:
19833:
19825:
19824:
19822:
19821:
19814:
19807:
19800:
19793:
19785:
19783:
19775:
19774:
19772:
19771:
19764:
19757:
19749:
19747:
19740:
19736:
19735:
19732:
19731:
19729:
19728:
19721:
19714:
19707:
19700:
19692:
19690:
19682:
19681:
19679:
19678:
19670:
19663:
19660:Luduș massacre
19656:
19648:
19646:
19638:
19637:
19635:
19634:
19627:
19620:
19612:
19610:
19602:
19601:
19599:
19598:
19595:Sarny massacre
19591:
19584:
19576:
19574:
19566:
19565:
19563:
19562:
19554:
19547:
19540:
19533:
19526:
19519:
19512:
19505:
19498:
19491:
19484:
19477:
19470:
19463:
19456:
19449:
19442:
19435:
19427:
19425:
19417:
19416:
19414:
19413:
19410:Dorohoi pogrom
19405:
19403:
19395:
19394:
19392:
19391:
19384:
19381:Dynów massacre
19377:
19369:
19367:
19359:
19358:
19356:
19355:
19348:
19340:
19338:
19331:
19325:
19324:
19322:
19321:
19302:
19298:Przytyk pogrom
19294:
19286:
19282:Thrace pogroms
19278:
19270:
19262:
19254:
19250:Safed massacre
19246:
19231:
19222:
19219:
19218:
19216:
19215:
19208:
19201:
19194:
19187:
19180:
19173:
19166:
19159:
19151:
19149:
19139:
19138:
19131:
19124:
19116:
19108:
19100:
19092:
19084:
19076:
19068:
19064:Siedlce pogrom
19060:
19052:
19044:
19036:
19028:
19020:
19012:
19003:
19001:
18994:
18990:
18989:
18986:
18985:
18983:
18982:
18974:
18965:
18962:
18961:
18959:
18958:
18951:
18944:
18936:
18934:
18931:Russian Empire
18924:
18923:
18915:
18907:
18899:
18891:
18887:Safed massacre
18883:
18875:
18867:
18859:
18851:
18843:
18839:Tétouan pogrom
18835:
18827:
18819:
18815:Safed massacre
18811:
18802:
18800:
18796:
18795:
18793:
18792:
18784:
18776:
18768:
18760:
18752:
18744:
18736:
18732:Cordoba pogrom
18728:
18720:
18712:
18704:
18695:
18692:
18691:
18689:
18688:
18681:
18674:
18667:
18660:
18652:
18650:
18640:
18639:
18631:
18627:Navarre pogrom
18623:
18614:
18612:
18605:
18601:
18600:
18597:
18596:
18594:
18593:
18585:
18577:
18568:
18565:
18564:
18562:
18561:
18554:
18547:
18539:
18537:
18527:
18526:
18518:
18510:
18501:
18499:
18495:
18494:
18491:
18490:
18488:
18487:
18479:
18471:
18463:
18455:
18446:
18444:
18443:Jewish revolts
18437:
18436:
18428:
18419:
18417:
18410:
18406:
18405:
18390:
18389:
18382:
18375:
18367:
18358:
18357:
18355:
18354:
18349:
18343:
18340:
18339:
18337:
18336:
18335:
18334:
18324:
18323:
18322:
18317:
18307:
18302:
18297:
18292:
18290:Reform Judaism
18287:
18282:
18277:
18272:
18266:
18264:
18260:
18259:
18257:
18256:
18251:
18249:Ottoman Empire
18246:
18245:
18244:
18234:
18229:
18224:
18223:
18222:
18217:
18207:
18206:
18205:
18200:
18195:
18190:
18181:
18179:
18173:
18172:
18170:
18169:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18153:
18152:
18147:
18142:
18137:
18127:
18122:
18117:
18116:
18115:
18104:
18102:
18096:
18095:
18092:
18091:
18089:
18088:
18083:
18078:
18073:
18068:
18063:
18058:
18052:
18050:
18044:
18043:
18041:
18040:
18039:
18038:
18033:
18032:
18031:
18021:
18016:
18011:
18006:
17996:
17991:
17985:
17983:
17976:
17975:
17970:
17965:
17960:
17958:Yehud Medinata
17955:
17950:
17945:
17939:
17937:
17931:
17930:
17928:
17927:
17922:
17917:
17912:
17907:
17902:
17897:
17892:
17887:
17881:
17879:
17873:
17872:
17870:
17869:
17864:
17859:
17854:
17849:
17844:
17839:
17834:
17829:
17824:
17822:Historiography
17818:
17816:
17812:
17811:
17808:Jewish history
17804:
17803:
17796:
17789:
17781:
17772:
17771:
17769:
17768:
17762:
17756:
17750:
17744:
17738:
17732:
17725:
17723:
17719:
17718:
17716:
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17698:Václav Morávek
17694:
17692:
17688:
17687:
17685:
17684:
17679:
17674:
17669:
17663:
17661:
17657:
17656:
17654:
17653:
17647:
17641:
17638:Katrin Himmler
17635:
17629:
17626:Gebhard Ludwig
17623:
17617:
17614:Gudrun Burwitz
17611:
17604:
17602:
17598:
17597:
17595:
17594:
17589:
17587:Posen speeches
17584:
17579:
17574:
17569:
17564:
17559:
17554:
17549:
17544:
17539:
17534:
17529:
17524:
17519:
17513:
17511:
17503:
17502:
17500:
17499:
17494:
17489:
17484:
17479:
17473:
17471:
17467:
17466:
17464:
17463:
17457:
17451:
17445:
17444:(aide-de-camp)
17439:
17433:
17427:
17421:
17415:
17409:
17403:
17398:
17392:
17387:
17381:
17379:
17371:
17370:
17368:
17367:
17362:
17359:
17351:
17348:
17347:
17340:
17339:
17332:
17325:
17317:
17308:
17307:
17304:
17303:
17301:
17300:
17292:
17284:
17276:
17268:
17260:
17252:
17244:
17236:
17227:
17224:
17223:
17211:
17210:
17208:
17207:
17199:
17191:
17183:
17182:
17181:
17173:
17165:
17149:
17141:
17133:
17125:
17117:
17108:
17105:
17104:
17092:
17091:
17089:
17088:
17080:
17072:
17064:
17056:
17048:
17040:
17036:Eichmann trial
17032:
17024:
17016:
17008:
17000:
16992:
16984:
16976:
16968:
16960:
16952:
16944:
16936:
16928:
16920:
16916:Chełmno trials
16912:
16904:
16896:
16888:
16879:
16876:
16875:
16861:
16857:
16856:
16854:
16853:
16846:
16839:
16832:
16825:
16818:
16811:
16804:
16803:
16802:
16795:
16788:
16773:
16771:
16767:
16766:
16764:
16763:
16756:
16749:
16742:
16735:
16728:
16721:
16714:
16713:
16712:
16709:Trivialization
16697:
16695:
16689:
16688:
16686:
16685:
16678:
16671:
16664:
16657:
16656:
16655:
16648:
16645:Killing Fields
16634:
16627:
16620:
16613:
16606:
16598:
16596:
16592:
16591:
16589:
16588:
16581:
16574:
16567:
16560:
16553:
16546:
16539:
16532:
16525:
16518:
16517:
16516:
16515:
16514:
16493:
16492:
16491:
16476:
16474:
16470:
16469:
16466:
16465:
16463:
16462:
16454:
16446:
16438:
16430:
16422:
16414:
16406:
16405:
16404:
16389:
16380:
16377:
16376:
16362:
16361:
16359:
16358:
16350:
16342:
16341:
16340:
16325:
16317:
16309:
16301:
16293:
16285:
16281:Kuwaiti Bedoon
16277:
16269:
16261:
16253:
16245:
16237:
16229:
16228:
16227:
16220:
16208:
16200:
16192:
16184:
16176:
16168:
16160:
16152:
16143:
16140:
16139:
16125:
16124:
16122:
16121:
16117:Crimean Tatars
16113:
16105:
16097:
16089:
16081:
16073:
16065:
16057:
16049:
16041:
16033:
16025:
16017:
16009:
16001:
15993:
15985:
15977:
15969:
15961:
15953:
15945:
15941:Kantō Massacre
15937:
15929:
15921:
15913:
15905:
15904:
15903:
15895:
15887:
15879:
15871:
15863:
15862:
15861:
15838:
15835:
15834:
15820:
15819:
15817:
15816:
15815:
15814:
15799:
15791:
15783:
15775:
15767:
15759:
15751:
15743:
15735:
15727:
15719:
15718:
15717:
15709:
15701:
15697:Trail of Tears
15693:
15689:Indian removal
15678:
15670:
15662:
15661:
15660:
15652:
15637:
15629:
15621:
15613:
15605:
15604:
15603:
15595:
15580:
15572:
15564:
15556:
15548:
15540:
15532:
15528:Kashmiri Shias
15524:
15516:
15508:
15499:
15496:
15495:
15481:
15480:
15478:
15477:
15469:
15461:
15453:
15445:
15437:
15429:
15421:
15413:
15412:
15411:
15396:
15388:
15379:
15376:
15375:
15362:
15350:
15349:
15342:
15341:
15334:
15327:
15319:
15310:
15309:
15307:
15306:
15301:
15296:
15294:Korherr Report
15291:
15286:
15281:
15276:
15274:The Black Book
15271:
15265:
15263:
15259:
15258:
15255:
15254:
15252:
15251:
15246:
15241:
15236:
15231:
15226:
15221:
15215:
15213:
15207:
15206:
15204:
15203:
15197:
15195:
15189:
15188:
15186:
15185:
15180:
15174:
15172:
15166:
15165:
15163:
15162:
15155:
15148:
15142:
15140:
15134:
15133:
15131:
15130:
15125:
15120:
15115:
15110:
15104:
15102:
15096:
15095:
15093:
15092:
15087:
15082:
15077:
15072:
15067:
15061:
15059:
15053:
15052:
15050:
15049:
15043:
15041:
15035:
15034:
15032:
15031:
15026:
15021:
15015:
15013:
15004:
15000:
14999:
14996:
14995:
14993:
14992:
14985:
14980:
14972:
14967:
14959:
14930:
14928:
14924:
14923:
14921:
14920:
14913:
14906:
14901:
14893:
14885:
14877:
14869:
14860:
14858:
14851:
14847:
14846:
14843:
14842:
14840:
14839:
14834:
14832:Konrāds Kalējs
14829:
14824:
14819:
14813:
14811:
14807:
14806:
14804:
14803:
14801:Albert Widmann
14798:
14796:Heinz Schubert
14793:
14788:
14786:Emil Haussmann
14783:
14781:Joachim Hamann
14778:
14776:Lothar Fendler
14773:
14767:
14765:
14761:
14760:
14758:
14757:
14752:
14747:
14745:Eduard Strauch
14742:
14737:
14732:
14727:
14722:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14702:
14697:
14692:
14687:
14682:
14677:
14672:
14667:
14662:
14657:
14652:
14647:
14645:Gerhard Flesch
14642:
14637:
14632:
14627:
14622:
14620:Otto Bradfisch
14617:
14612:
14607:
14602:
14597:
14592:
14587:
14582:
14577:
14571:
14569:
14556:
14555:
14553:
14552:
14547:
14542:
14537:
14532:
14527:
14525:Otto Ohlendorf
14522:
14517:
14512:
14507:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14487:
14482:
14476:
14474:
14472:Einsatzgruppen
14469:Commanders of
14466:
14465:
14463:
14462:
14457:
14451:
14449:
14442:
14438:
14437:
14427:Einsatzgruppen
14422:
14421:
14414:
14407:
14399:
14390:
14389:
14387:
14386:
14373:
14370:
14369:
14367:
14366:
14361:
14355:
14353:
14349:
14348:
14346:
14345:
14339:
14333:
14327:
14321:
14315:
14309:
14303:
14297:
14291:
14285:
14279:
14273:
14266:
14264:
14258:
14257:
14255:
14254:
14247:
14240:
14233:
14226:
14219:
14217:Hitler Diaries
14214:
14207:
14200:
14193:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14165:
14163:
14159:
14158:
14156:
14155:
14150:
14148:Hitler's Globe
14144:
14142:
14136:
14135:
14133:
14132:
14127:
14122:
14117:
14112:
14107:
14102:
14097:
14095:August Kubizek
14092:
14087:
14082:
14077:
14072:
14067:
14062:
14061:
14060:
14049:
14047:
14043:
14042:
14039:
14038:
14036:
14035:
14025:
14015:
14005:
14000:
13998:Braunau am Inn
13994:
13992:
13988:
13987:
13985:
13984:
13975:
13970:
13965:
13960:
13955:
13950:
13945:
13940:
13935:
13919:
13908:
13906:
13894:
13888:
13887:
13885:
13884:
13883:
13882:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13852:
13850:Hitler cabinet
13847:
13842:
13836:
13834:
13830:
13829:
13827:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13811:
13804:
13803:
13802:
13797:
13785:
13780:
13775:
13774:
13773:
13763:
13758:
13757:
13756:
13741:
13739:
13735:
13734:
13727:
13726:
13719:
13712:
13704:
13698:
13695:
13694:
13682:
13681:
13679:
13678:
13673:
13672:
13671:
13666:
13656:
13651:
13646:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13626:
13621:
13620:
13619:
13618:
13617:
13612:
13605:United Kingdom
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13586:
13585:
13580:
13570:
13565:
13560:
13555:
13550:
13545:
13540:
13539:
13538:
13528:
13523:
13513:
13508:
13503:
13498:
13493:
13488:
13483:
13482:
13481:
13470:
13468:
13464:
13463:
13461:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13419:
13417:
13412:
13409:
13408:
13406:
13405:
13400:
13399:
13398:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13366:Nuremberg Laws
13363:
13358:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13335:
13334:
13329:
13322:Jewish quarter
13319:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13298:
13296:
13290:
13289:
13287:
13286:
13281:
13273:
13268:
13263:
13258:
13253:
13248:
13243:
13236:
13230:
13228:
13224:
13223:
13221:
13220:
13218:ZOG conspiracy
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13184:
13183:
13178:
13176:Final Solution
13168:
13163:
13162:
13161:
13151:
13146:
13141:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13109:Ghetto benches
13105:
13103:
13098:
13095:
13094:
13092:
13091:
13086:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13054:
13053:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13032:
13030:Jewish deicide
13027:
13021:
13019:
13013:
13012:
13010:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12977:
12976:
12975:
12963:
12958:
12951:
12946:
12945:
12944:
12939:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12916:
12915:
12905:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12872:
12870:
12869:Related topics
12866:
12865:
12863:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12831:
12830:
12819:
12817:
12813:
12812:
12810:
12809:
12808:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12784:
12779:
12774:
12769:
12764:
12763:
12762:
12757:
12747:
12746:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12725:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12695:
12689:
12687:
12683:
12682:
12675:
12674:
12667:
12660:
12652:
12643:
12642:
12639:
12638:
12635:
12634:
12632:
12631:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12583:
12582:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12556:
12554:
12550:
12549:
12547:
12546:
12545:
12544:
12542:trivialization
12534:
12533:
12532:
12522:
12520:Eichmann trial
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12501:
12500:
12495:
12490:
12480:
12474:
12472:
12466:
12465:
12463:
12462:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12443:
12442:
12432:
12427:
12422:
12417:
12415:Nuremberg Laws
12412:
12407:
12401:
12399:
12398:Early elements
12391:
12390:
12387:
12386:
12383:
12380:
12379:Early elements
12376:
12368:
12367:
12364:
12363:
12360:
12359:
12357:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12314:Arajs Kommando
12310:
12308:
12302:
12301:
12299:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12285:Einsatzgruppen
12280:
12278:
12274:
12273:
12271:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12254:
12248:
12247:
12246:
12235:
12227:
12221:
12219:
12212:
12211:
12205:
12202:
12201:
12198:Responsibility
12189:
12188:
12185:
12184:
12181:
12180:
12178:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12136:
12134:
12128:
12127:
12124:
12123:
12121:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12084:
12082:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12050:
12049:
12048:
12037:
12035:
12029:
12028:
12026:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11980:
11977:Einsatzgruppen
11972:
11970:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11946:
11944:
11941:Final Solution
11936:
11935:
11933:
11932:
11931:
11930:
11920:
11919:
11918:
11913:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11888:
11880:
11878:
11874:
11873:
11871:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11854:
11852:
11843:
11833:
11832:
11820:
11819:
11816:
11815:
11812:
11811:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11804:
11802:Ústredňa Židov
11799:
11794:
11788:
11786:
11778:
11777:
11775:
11774:
11769:
11767:Theresienstadt
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11743:
11741:
11737:
11736:
11734:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11697:
11695:
11686:
11675:
11674:
11672:
11671:
11664:
11657:
11652:
11643:
11641:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11606:Einsatzgruppen
11602:
11600:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11592:
11587:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11502:
11500:
11496:
11495:
11493:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11461:
11459:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11414:
11412:Mittelbau-Dora
11409:
11400:
11395:
11393:Kraków-Płaszów
11390:
11385:
11380:
11375:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11339:
11337:
11327:
11326:
11310:
11309:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11302:
11301:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11283:Rescue of Jews
11280:
11279:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11232:
11230:
11226:
11225:
11223:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11201:
11199:
11195:
11194:
11192:
11191:
11190:
11189:
11184:
11176:
11175:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11118:
11117:
11106:
11101:
11100:
11099:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11068:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11028:
11026:
11018:
11017:
11010:
11009:
11002:
10995:
10987:
10980:
10979:
10969:(4): 459–478.
10952:
10940:(2): 222–242.
10923:
10895:(132): 62–70.
10881:
10871:(2–3): 73–94.
10855:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10825:
10819:
10799:
10793:
10777:
10771:
10755:Weitz, Eric D.
10751:
10743:|journal=
10725:
10704:
10698:
10685:
10664:
10635:
10629:
10613:
10607:
10594:
10588:
10575:
10569:
10549:
10543:
10526:
10520:
10496:
10490:
10477:
10471:
10454:
10448:
10428:
10422:
10414:Berghahn Books
10401:
10395:
10375:
10369:
10353:
10347:
10331:
10325:
10305:
10299:
10283:
10277:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10242:
10222:
10216:
10199:
10193:
10173:
10167:
10145:
10131:
10108:
10102:
10082:
10076:
10053:
10047:
10028:
10022:
10001:
9995:
9975:
9969:
9947:
9941:
9922:
9916:
9894:
9878:
9872:
9852:
9846:
9831:
9805:
9799:
9777:
9771:
9749:
9743:
9717:
9711:
9692:
9686:
9666:
9660:
9640:
9634:
9614:
9608:
9588:
9582:
9560:
9554:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9518:
9492:
9480:
9474:978-0801486814
9473:
9452:
9448:Sutcliffe 2022
9440:
9438:, p. 119.
9436:Rosenfeld 2015
9428:
9416:
9404:
9397:
9385:Moses, A. Dirk
9376:
9369:
9351:
9330:
9307:
9281:
9274:
9256:
9254:, p. 305.
9244:
9213:
9211:, p. 103.
9201:
9189:
9187:, p. 308.
9174:
9162:
9160:, p. 191.
9150:
9146:Rosenfeld 2015
9138:
9126:
9122:Rosenfeld 2015
9114:
9112:, p. 185.
9102:
9098:Rosenfeld 2015
9090:
9088:, p. 104.
9078:
9074:Sutcliffe 2022
9066:
9064:, p. 288.
9049:
9042:
9028:Benz, Wolfgang
9019:
9012:
8992:
8985:
8962:
8955:
8943:Moses, A. Dirk
8934:
8932:, p. 110.
8922:
8918:Rosenfeld 2015
8910:
8898:
8886:
8884:, p. 556.
8874:
8872:, p. 485.
8858:
8856:, p. 487.
8842:
8840:, p. 552.
8830:
8814:
8802:
8775:
8763:
8761:, p. 548.
8748:
8736:
8724:
8712:
8700:
8698:, p. 184.
8688:
8686:, p. 534.
8676:
8674:, p. 525.
8664:
8662:, p. 177.
8652:
8650:, p. 176.
8640:
8638:, p. 524.
8628:
8626:, p. 174.
8616:
8614:, p. 521.
8604:
8592:
8590:, p. 509.
8577:
8565:
8553:
8541:
8526:
8501:
8491:
8479:Martin Gilbert
8470:
8459:on 4 June 2024
8438:
8436:, p. 210.
8426:
8424:, p. 191.
8414:
8412:, p. 207.
8402:
8400:, p. 100.
8390:
8323:
8297:
8258:
8246:
8234:
8222:
8220:, p. 407.
8210:
8183:
8181:, p. 404.
8171:
8169:, p. 155.
8156:
8144:
8137:
8102:
8095:
8077:Benz, Wolfgang
8068:
8061:
8041:
8039:, p. 214.
8026:
8024:, p. 215.
8009:
8007:, p. 178.
7997:
7985:
7983:, p. 418.
7981:Longerich 2010
7973:
7971:, p. 235.
7961:
7959:, p. 233.
7949:
7947:, p. 272.
7937:
7933:Longerich 2010
7925:
7923:, p. 116.
7913:
7911:, p. 415.
7909:Longerich 2010
7898:
7896:, p. 234.
7883:
7881:, p. 414.
7879:Longerich 2010
7868:
7864:Longerich 2010
7856:
7854:, p. 188.
7844:
7842:, p. 457.
7840:Wachsmann 2015
7832:
7830:, p. 114.
7820:
7818:, p. 193.
7808:
7796:
7794:, p. 103.
7784:
7782:, p. 221.
7772:
7768:Longerich 2010
7760:
7758:, p. 302.
7748:
7746:, p. 102.
7736:
7734:, p. 113.
7724:
7720:Longerich 2010
7712:
7710:, p. 391.
7708:Longerich 2010
7700:
7698:, p. 196.
7688:
7686:, p. 266.
7676:
7674:, p. 408.
7672:Longerich 2010
7661:
7649:
7637:
7625:
7593:
7591:, p. 393.
7589:Messenger 2020
7581:
7569:
7567:, p. 140.
7557:
7545:
7543:, p. 243.
7533:
7521:
7519:, p. 242.
7509:
7507:, p. 648.
7497:
7495:, p. 290.
7485:
7483:, p. 417.
7473:
7461:
7449:
7447:, p. 269.
7437:
7435:, p. 206.
7422:
7420:, p. 360.
7410:
7398:
7396:, p. 382.
7394:Longerich 2010
7386:
7384:, p. 423.
7374:
7372:, p. 420.
7362:
7360:, p. 419.
7350:
7338:
7336:, p. 413.
7326:
7314:
7312:, p. 236.
7302:
7290:
7288:, p. 117.
7273:
7267:978-0896728370
7266:
7244:
7237:
7204:
7197:
7172:
7154:
7129:
7121:
7103:
7088:
7057:
7045:
7043:, p. 195.
7033:
7021:
7019:, p. 189.
7009:
7007:, p. 187.
6997:
6995:, p. 194.
6985:
6973:
6971:, p. 265.
6961:
6949:
6947:, p. 293.
6945:Wachsmann 2015
6937:
6935:, p. 274.
6925:
6923:, p. 456.
6921:Wachsmann 2015
6913:
6911:, p. 290.
6909:Wachsmann 2015
6901:
6889:
6885:Longerich 2010
6877:
6875:, p. 270.
6865:
6863:, p. 143.
6853:
6851:, p. 207.
6841:
6839:, p. 142.
6826:
6814:
6802:
6790:
6778:
6776:, p. 383.
6774:Messenger 2020
6766:
6754:
6752:, p. 166.
6742:
6740:, p. 349.
6727:
6725:, p. 450.
6715:
6713:, p. 340.
6703:
6701:, p. 379.
6699:Wachsmann 2015
6691:
6687:Wachsmann 2015
6679:
6667:
6655:
6643:
6641:, p. 281.
6631:
6619:
6617:, p. 260.
6604:
6602:, p. 280.
6592:
6590:, p. 211.
6580:
6578:, p. 213.
6568:
6566:, p. 269.
6556:
6554:, p. 121.
6544:
6542:, p. 265.
6532:
6520:
6518:, p. 264.
6508:
6496:
6494:, p. 117.
6477:
6465:
6453:
6451:, p. 105.
6441:
6439:, p. 387.
6429:
6427:, p. 396.
6425:Longerich 2010
6417:
6405:
6403:, p. 392.
6401:Longerich 2010
6393:
6389:Longerich 2010
6381:
6369:
6357:
6353:Longerich 2010
6345:
6333:
6321:
6317:Longerich 2010
6309:
6307:, p. 257.
6297:
6285:
6256:
6254:, p. 366.
6244:
6232:
6220:
6218:, p. 460.
6208:
6191:
6189:, p. 321.
6187:Longerich 2010
6179:
6175:Longerich 2010
6167:
6165:, p. 214.
6155:
6151:Longerich 2010
6143:
6141:, p. 110.
6131:
6119:
6115:Longerich 2010
6107:
6103:Longerich 2010
6095:
6093:, p. 352.
6091:Longerich 2010
6083:
6071:
6069:, p. 343.
6067:Longerich 2010
6059:
6057:, p. 337.
6055:Longerich 2010
6047:
6045:, p. 203.
6035:
6031:Longerich 2010
6023:
6021:, p. 209.
6008:
6006:, p. 338.
6004:Longerich 2010
5996:
5994:, p. 339.
5992:Longerich 2010
5981:
5979:, p. 340.
5977:Longerich 2010
5969:
5967:, p. 220.
5957:
5955:, p. 342.
5953:Longerich 2010
5945:
5943:, p. 200.
5930:
5928:, p. 243.
5918:
5903:
5888:
5871:
5854:
5852:, p. 120.
5807:
5805:, p. 208.
5795:
5793:, p. 111.
5783:
5781:, p. 247.
5771:
5769:, p. 121.
5759:
5757:, p. 274.
5747:
5745:, p. 209.
5735:
5733:, p. 273.
5723:
5666:
5659:
5637:
5635:, p. 211.
5625:
5623:, p. 199.
5610:
5598:
5596:, p. 330.
5594:Longerich 2010
5586:
5574:
5572:, p. 283.
5562:
5560:, p. 204.
5547:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5507:Longerich 2010
5496:
5484:
5480:Longerich 2010
5472:
5468:Longerich 2010
5460:
5442:
5426:
5424:, p. 210.
5411:
5407:Longerich 2010
5399:
5397:, p. 209.
5387:
5372:
5370:, p. 279.
5368:Longerich 2010
5360:
5345:
5343:, p. 202.
5333:
5321:
5319:, p. 306.
5317:Longerich 2010
5309:
5307:, p. 199.
5290:
5278:
5276:, p. 303.
5274:Longerich 2010
5266:
5264:, p. 204.
5254:
5237:
5235:, p. 120.
5225:
5213:
5211:, p. 200.
5201:
5199:, p. 128.
5186:
5174:
5162:
5160:, p. 142.
5150:
5148:, p. 300.
5146:Longerich 2010
5138:
5134:Longerich 2010
5126:
5124:, p. 286.
5122:Longerich 2010
5114:
5102:
5098:Longerich 2010
5090:
5078:
5076:, p. 224.
5074:Longerich 2010
5066:
5064:, p. 380.
5054:
5052:, p. 371.
5042:
5030:
5028:, p. 207.
5018:
5016:, p. 372.
5006:
4991:
4989:, p. 203.
4979:
4977:, p. 203.
4967:
4950:
4938:
4926:
4924:, p. 207.
4922:Longerich 2010
4914:
4912:, p. 132.
4897:
4885:
4873:
4871:, p. 190.
4869:Longerich 2010
4861:
4859:, p. 129.
4849:
4847:, p. 185.
4837:
4822:
4820:, p. 202.
4810:
4808:, p. 107.
4798:
4786:
4774:
4762:
4760:, p. 128.
4746:
4734:
4722:
4720:, p. 182.
4710:
4698:
4696:, p. 298.
4683:
4668:
4656:
4654:, p. 190.
4641:
4639:, p. 288.
4629:
4627:, p. 161.
4617:
4605:
4603:, p. 294.
4593:
4581:
4569:
4567:, p. 125.
4557:
4555:, pp. 65.
4545:
4533:
4521:
4509:
4505:Longerich 2010
4497:
4485:
4473:
4471:, p. 180.
4469:Longerich 2010
4461:
4449:
4437:
4435:, p. 179.
4433:Longerich 2010
4425:
4413:
4401:
4399:, p. 172.
4389:
4387:, p. 351.
4377:
4365:
4353:
4341:
4329:
4327:, p. 272.
4325:Longerich 2010
4317:
4315:, p. 240.
4305:
4303:, p. 254.
4288:
4276:
4274:, p. 253.
4264:
4262:, p. 252.
4252:
4250:, p. 117.
4240:
4228:
4226:, p. 115.
4216:
4214:, p. 116.
4201:
4189:
4177:
4165:
4163:, p. 164.
4161:Longerich 2010
4150:
4148:, p. 201.
4133:
4121:
4119:, p. 108.
4109:
4107:, p. 148.
4105:Longerich 2010
4097:
4085:
4083:, p. 207.
4073:
4071:, p. 254.
4061:
4049:
4034:
4032:, p. 284.
4022:
4010:
4008:, p. 162.
3998:
3986:
3974:
3972:, p. 362.
3962:
3950:
3938:
3923:
3921:, p. 241.
3911:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3863:
3848:
3831:
3827:Longerich 2010
3819:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3710:
3708:, p. 655.
3698:
3694:Longerich 2010
3686:
3684:, p. 200.
3674:
3672:, p. 112.
3670:Longerich 2010
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3566:
3564:, p. 106.
3554:
3539:
3535:Longerich 2010
3527:
3523:Longerich 2010
3512:
3500:
3485:
3481:Longerich 2010
3473:
3461:
3446:
3434:
3432:, p. 148.
3422:
3410:
3406:Longerich 2010
3398:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3355:Wachsmann 2015
3347:
3330:
3318:
3316:, p. 151.
3306:
3294:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3168:
3166:, p. 143.
3156:
3154:, p. 197.
3144:
3142:, p. 135.
3132:
3130:, p. 133.
3120:
3103:
3091:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3050:, p. 196.
3040:
3038:, p. 146.
3028:
3016:
3004:
3002:, p. 195.
2992:
2980:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2932:
2920:
2908:
2896:
2884:
2869:
2867:, p. 311.
2857:
2845:
2830:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2802:(SS-WVHA) was
2787:
2775:
2743:
2707:Sahlstrom 2021
2673:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2543:
2540:
2535:European Union
2502:
2499:
2490:Adolf Eichmann
2480:primarily for
2436:
2433:
2419:
2416:
2411:Main article:
2408:
2405:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2286:Main article:
2283:
2280:
2254:
2251:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2122:Main article:
2119:
2116:
2062:
2059:
2019:IG-Farbenwerke
1984:
1981:
1909:
1906:
1792:
1789:
1747:Radom District
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1639:September 1941
1637:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1404:Arthur Greiser
1396:Einsatzgruppen
1377:Main article:
1374:
1371:
1360:, head of the
1322:explicit order
1317:
1314:
1301:Einsatzgruppen
1264:to ghettos in
1182:Einsatzgruppen
1168:eastern Poland
1129:
1126:
1106:Masha Bruskina
1051:
1048:
1006:deporting Jews
953:
950:
854:Einsatzgruppen
837:invaded Poland
811:
808:
712:Nuremberg Laws
685:Main article:
682:
679:
635:homosexual men
631:Roma and Sinti
590:
587:
505:. Germany had
393:
390:
386:Final Solution
362:Roma and Sinti
354:burnt offering
342:Main article:
339:
336:
311:in May 1945.
309:end of the war
278:invaded Poland
258:their ideology
215:mass shootings
178:
177:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
95:
91:
90:
71:
63:
62:
55:
54:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
27275:
27264:
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27246:
27244:
27241:
27239:
27236:
27234:
27231:
27229:
27226:
27224:
27221:
27219:
27216:
27214:
27211:
27209:
27206:
27204:
27201:
27199:
27198:The Holocaust
27196:
27195:
27193:
27181:
27180:
27179:Travel guides
27168:
27164:
27163:
27151:
27147:
27146:
27134:
27130:
27129:
27117:
27113:
27112:
27100:
27097:from Wikinews
27096:
27095:
27083:
27079:
27078:
27066:
27062:
27061:
27049:
27048:
27045:
27039:
27038:The Holocaust
27019:
27015:
27012:
27008:
27005:
27004:
26999:
26992:
26991:
26988:
26975:
26971:
26968:
26964:
26961:
26957:
26956:
26954:
26950:
26945:
26941:
26940:
26938:
26937:Kuril Islands
26934:
26931:
26927:
26922:
26918:
26917:
26915:
26911:
26908:
26904:
26901:
26897:
26894:
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26878:
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26873:
26871:
26867:
26864:
26860:
26857:
26853:
26850:
26846:
26843:
26839:
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26825:
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26783:
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26773:
26769:
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26760:
26753:
26749:
26744:
26743:
26738:
26737:
26735:
26731:
26728:
26724:
26719:
26715:
26714:
26712:
26708:
26705:
26704:Syrmian Front
26701:
26698:
26694:
26691:
26687:
26684:
26680:
26677:
26676:
26671:
26668:
26667:
26662:
26659:
26655:
26652:
26651:
26650:Market Garden
26646:
26643:
26639:
26636:
26632:
26629:
26625:
26622:
26621:
26616:
26613:
26609:
26606:
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26536:
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26528:
26524:
26521:
26517:
26514:
26510:
26509:Monte Cassino
26506:
26503:
26502:
26497:
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26017:
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26007:
26003:
25998:
25994:
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25991:
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25933:
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25926:
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25919:
25917:
25913:
25906:
25905:
25900:
25897:
25893:
25890:
25886:
25883:
25879:
25876:
25875:Baltic states
25872:
25869:
25865:
25862:
25858:
25855:
25851:
25848:
25844:
25841:
25837:
25834:
25830:
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25809:
25806:
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25792:
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25781:
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25690:
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25676:
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25666:
25662:
25661:
25659:
25655:
25650:
25646:
25643:
25639:
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25627:
25623:
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25616:
25615:
25613:
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25607:
25604:
25602:
25598:
25587:
25583:
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25576:
25571:
25567:
25564:
25560:
25559:
25555:
25550:
25546:
25545:
25543:
25539:
25536:
25532:
25527:
25523:
25520:
25519:United States
25516:
25511:
25507:
25506:
25504:
25500:
25499:
25495:
25492:
25488:
25487:
25485:
25483:
25479:
25472:
25468:
25463:
25459:
25456:
25455:Quốc dân Đảng
25452:
25451:
25447:
25444:
25440:
25437:
25433:
25430:
25426:
25423:
25419:
25416:
25412:
25409:
25405:
25402:
25398:
25395:
25391:
25388:
25384:
25381:
25377:
25374:
25370:
25367:
25363:
25360:
25356:
25353:
25349:
25344:
25340:
25337:
25333:
25332:
25330:
25326:
25323:
25319:
25316:
25312:
25309:
25305:
25302:
25298:
25295:
25291:
25288:
25284:
25281:
25277:
25274:
25270:
25267:
25263:
25260:
25256:
25253:
25249:
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25242:
25239:
25235:
25232:
25228:
25225:
25221:
25218:
25214:
25213:
25211:
25209:
25205:
25198:
25194:
25191:
25187:
25184:
25180:
25177:
25173:
25170:
25166:
25163:
25159:
25156:
25155:Liechtenstein
25152:
25149:
25145:
25142:
25138:
25135:
25131:
25128:
25124:
25123:
25121:
25119:
25115:
25108:
25104:
25101:
25097:
25094:
25090:
25086:
25082:
25079:
25075:
25072:
25068:
25065:
25061:
25056:
25052:
25051:
25048:
25044:
25041:
25037:
25034:
25030:
25027:
25023:
25020:
25016:
25013:
25009:
25005:
25001:
24998:
24994:
24991:
24987:
24983:
24979:
24976:
24972:
24971:
24969:
24967:
24963:
24956:
24952:
24947:
24943:
24942:
24940:
24939:United States
24936:
24931:
24927:
24926:
24924:
24920:
24917:
24913:
24910:
24906:
24903:
24899:
24896:
24892:
24889:
24885:
24881:
24877:
24873:
24870:
24866:
24863:
24859:
24856:
24852:
24849:
24845:
24842:
24838:
24835:
24831:
24828:
24824:
24821:
24817:
24813:
24809:
24805:
24802:
24798:
24795:
24791:
24788:
24784:
24781:
24777:
24773:
24769:
24765:
24761:
24757:
24754:
24750:
24747:
24743:
24740:
24736:
24733:
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24726:
24722:
24719:
24715:
24711:
24707:
24703:
24700:
24696:
24693:
24689:
24686:
24682:
24679:
24675:
24674:
24672:
24670:
24666:
24663:
24661:
24657:
24644:
24640:
24637:
24633:
24630:
24629:Comfort women
24626:
24623:
24619:
24616:
24613: /
24612:
24608:
24605:
24602: /
24601:
24598: /
24597:
24593:
24590:
24589:Camp brothels
24586:
24583:
24579:
24578:
24574:
24571:
24567:
24562:
24558:
24555:
24551:
24550:
24548:
24544:
24539:
24535:
24532:
24528:
24525:
24521:
24520:
24518:
24514:
24511:
24507:
24502:
24498:
24493:
24489:
24486:
24482:
24481:
24479:
24478:The Holocaust
24475:
24472:
24468:
24465:
24464:forced labour
24461:
24460:
24458:
24454:
24449:
24445:
24442:
24438:
24435:
24431:
24430:
24428:
24424:
24423:
24421:
24419:
24415:
24408:
24404:
24401:
24397:
24394:
24390:
24385:
24381:
24378:
24374:
24371:
24367:
24364:
24360:
24359:
24357:
24353:
24350:
24349:
24344:
24341:
24340:
24335:
24332:
24328:
24325:
24321:
24318:
24317:Marshall Plan
24314:
24311:
24310:
24305:
24302:
24298:
24295:
24291:
24288:
24284:
24281:
24277:
24274:
24270:
24267:
24263:
24260:
24256:
24253:
24249:
24248:
24246:
24244:
24240:
24233:
24229:
24224:
24220:
24219:
24217:
24213:
24210:
24206:
24201:
24197:
24194:
24190:
24187:
24183:
24182:
24180:
24176:
24171:
24170:Eastern Front
24167:
24164:
24163:Western Front
24160:
24159:
24157:
24153:
24148:
24144:
24141:
24137:
24134:
24130:
24127:
24123:
24120:
24116:
24113:
24109:
24108:
24106:
24102:
24101:
24099:
24097:
24093:
24086:
24082:
24079:
24075:
24072:
24068:
24065:
24061:
24058:
24057:Puppet states
24054:
24051:
24047:
24044:
24040:
24035:
24031:
24028:
24024:
24023:
24021:
24017:
24014:
24010:
24007:
24003:
24000:
23999:Naval history
23996:
23993:
23989:
23986:
23982:
23979:
23975:
23970:
23966:
23965:
23963:
23959:
23956:
23952:
23947:
23946:United States
23943:
23940:
23936:
23933:
23929:
23928:
23926:
23922:
23919:
23915:
23912:
23908:
23905:
23901:
23898:
23894:
23891:
23887:
23884:
23880:
23875:
23871:
23870:
23868:
23864:
23863:
23861:
23859:
23855:
23852:
23848:
23841:
23837:
23834:
23830:
23825:
23821:
23818:
23814:
23811:
23807:
23806:
23802:
23797:
23793:
23792:
23790:
23786:
23783:
23779:
23778:
23775:
23771:
23764:
23759:
23757:
23752:
23750:
23745:
23744:
23741:
23731:
23726:
23719:
23712:
23709:
23707:
23704:
23701:
23698:
23695:
23692:
23689:
23686:
23683:
23680:
23677:
23674:
23671:
23668:
23665:
23662:
23659:
23656:
23653:
23650:
23647:
23644:
23641:
23638:
23635:
23632:
23629:
23626:
23623:
23620:
23617:
23614:
23611:
23608:
23605:
23602:
23597:
23594:
23591:
23588:
23585:
23582:
23581:
23579:
23578:Yugoslav Wars
23576:
23573:
23570:
23565:
23564:Big Excursion
23562:
23561:
23559:
23556:
23553:
23550:
23547:
23544:
23541:
23538:
23535:
23532:
23529:
23526:
23521:
23518:
23515:
23512:
23511:
23509:
23506:
23501:
23498:
23495:
23492:
23489:
23486:
23485:
23483:
23480:
23477:
23474:
23471:
23468:
23465:
23462:
23459:
23456:
23453:
23450:
23447:
23444:
23441:
23438:
23435:
23432:
23429:
23426:
23423:
23420:
23417:
23414:
23411:
23408:
23405:
23402:
23399:
23396:
23393:
23390:
23387:
23384:
23381:
23378:
23375:
23374:The Holocaust
23372:
23369:
23366:
23363:
23360:
23357:
23354:
23350:
23347:
23345:
23342:
23340:
23337:
23335:
23332:
23330:
23327:
23325:
23322:
23321:
23319:
23316:
23313:
23310:
23307:
23304:
23301:
23298:
23294:
23291:
23290:
23288:
23285:
23282:
23279:
23276:
23273:
23270:
23269:Dungan Revolt
23267:
23264:
23261:
23258:
23255:
23252:
23249:
23246:
23243:
23240:
23237:
23234:
23231:
23228:
23225:
23222:
23219:
23216:
23213:
23210:
23207:
23204:
23201:
23198:
23195:
23192:
23189:
23186:
23183:
23180:
23177:
23174:
23171:
23168:
23165:
23162:
23159:
23156:
23153:
23150:
23147:
23144:
23141:
23138:
23135:
23132:
23129:
23126:
23123:
23120:
23117:
23116:
23114:
23110:
23104:
23101:
23099:
23096:
23094:
23091:
23089:
23086:
23084:
23083:State atheism
23081:
23079:
23076:
23074:
23071:
23069:
23066:
23064:
23061:
23059:
23056:
23054:
23051:
23049:
23046:
23044:
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23039:
23036:
23034:
23031:
23029:
23026:
23024:
23021:
23019:
23016:
23014:
23011:
23009:
23006:
23004:
23001:
22999:
22996:
22994:
22991:
22989:
22986:
22984:
22981:
22979:
22978:Deprogramming
22976:
22974:
22971:
22969:
22966:
22964:
22961:
22960:
22958:
22954:
22946:
22943:
22941:
22938:
22936:
22933:
22931:
22930:Protestantism
22928:
22926:
22923:
22919:
22916:
22915:
22914:
22911:
22905:
22902:
22900:
22897:
22895:
22892:
22890:
22887:
22885:
22882:
22881:
22880:
22877:
22876:
22875:
22872:
22868:
22865:
22863:
22860:
22859:
22858:
22855:
22853:
22850:
22846:
22843:
22841:
22840:LDS or Mormon
22838:
22836:
22833:
22831:
22828:
22826:
22823:
22822:
22821:
22818:
22816:
22813:
22811:
22808:
22806:
22803:
22802:
22798:
22794:
22790:
22786:
22779:
22774:
22772:
22767:
22765:
22760:
22759:
22756:
22744:
22736:
22734:
22726:
22724:
22716:
22715:
22712:
22706:
22703:
22701:
22698:
22694:
22691:
22690:
22689:
22686:
22684:
22681:
22679:
22676:
22674:
22671:
22669:
22666:
22664:
22661:
22659:
22656:
22654:
22651:
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22646:
22644:
22641:
22639:
22636:
22634:
22631:
22629:
22626:
22624:
22621:
22619:
22616:
22614:
22611:
22609:
22606:
22604:
22601:
22599:
22596:
22595:
22593:
22589:
22581:
22578:
22577:
22576:
22573:
22571:
22570:Wine industry
22568:
22566:
22563:
22561:
22558:
22556:
22553:
22551:
22548:
22546:
22543:
22539:
22536:
22534:
22531:
22530:
22529:
22526:
22522:
22519:
22518:
22517:
22514:
22512:
22509:
22505:
22502:
22500:
22497:
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22492:
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22478:
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22439:
22438:
22437:
22434:
22432:
22429:
22428:
22426:
22422:
22414:
22411:
22409:
22406:
22404:
22401:
22400:
22399:
22398:South America
22396:
22392:
22389:
22387:
22386:United States
22384:
22382:
22379:
22378:
22377:
22376:North America
22374:
22370:
22367:
22365:
22362:
22360:
22357:
22355:
22352:
22351:
22350:
22347:
22343:
22340:
22338:
22335:
22333:
22330:
22328:
22325:
22323:
22320:
22318:
22315:
22313:
22310:
22308:
22305:
22303:
22300:
22298:
22295:
22293:
22290:
22289:
22288:
22285:
22283:
22280:
22276:
22273:
22271:
22268:
22266:
22263:
22262:
22261:
22258:
22254:
22251:
22249:
22246:
22244:
22241:
22239:
22236:
22234:
22231:
22229:
22226:
22225:
22224:
22221:
22217:
22214:
22212:
22209:
22208:
22207:
22204:
22202:
22199:
22198:
22196:
22194:
22190:
22184:
22181:
22179:
22176:
22174:
22171:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22163:Racialization
22161:
22159:
22156:
22154:
22151:
22149:
22146:
22144:
22141:
22139:
22136:
22134:
22131:
22129:
22128:Ethnic hatred
22126:
22124:
22121:
22119:
22116:
22114:
22111:
22109:
22106:
22104:
22101:
22100:
22098:
22092:
22086:
22083:
22081:
22078:
22076:
22073:
22071:
22068:
22066:
22063:
22061:
22058:
22056:
22053:
22051:
22048:
22046:
22045:Laissez-faire
22043:
22041:
22038:
22036:
22033:
22031:
22030:Institutional
22028:
22026:
22023:
22021:
22018:
22016:
22015:Environmental
22013:
22011:
22008:
22006:
22003:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21993:
21991:
21988:
21987:
21985:
21981:
21977:
21970:
21965:
21963:
21958:
21956:
21951:
21950:
21947:
21937:
21927:
21919:
21916:
21914:
21911:
21909:
21906:
21904:
21901:
21899:
21896:
21893:
21892:
21887:
21884:
21883:
21878:
21876:
21873:
21871:
21868:
21866:
21863:
21859:
21856:
21854:
21851:
21850:
21849:
21846:
21845:
21841:
21835:
21830:
21827:
21825:
21822:
21820:
21819:The Wehrmacht
21817:
21815:
21809:
21802:
21799:
21797:
21794:
21792:
21789:
21787:
21784:
21782:
21779:
21777:
21774:
21772:
21769:
21765:
21761:
21753:
21752:
21748:
21746:
21743:
21741:
21738:
21736:
21733:
21731:
21728:
21726:
21723:
21721:
21716:
21714:
21709:
21707:
21704:
21702:
21697:
21695:
21692:
21690:
21687:
21685:
21682:
21680:
21677:
21675:
21672:
21671:
21667:
21661:
21656:
21653:
21651:
21648:
21646:
21643:
21641:
21638:
21636:
21633:
21631:
21628:
21626:
21624:
21618:
21611:
21608:
21606:
21603:
21601:
21598:
21596:
21593:
21591:
21588:
21586:
21583:
21581:
21578:
21576:
21573:
21571:
21568:
21566:
21563:
21561:
21558:
21556:
21553:
21551:
21548:
21546:
21543:
21539:
21537:
21533:
21526:
21523:
21521:
21518:
21516:
21513:
21511:
21508:
21506:
21505:Seyss-Inquart
21503:
21501:
21498:
21496:
21493:
21491:
21488:
21486:
21483:
21481:
21478:
21476:
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21463:
21461:
21458:
21456:
21453:
21451:
21448:
21446:
21443:
21441:
21438:
21436:
21433:
21431:
21428:
21426:
21423:
21419:
21417:
21413:
21405:
21404:
21399:
21396:
21395:
21390:
21385:
21384:
21379:
21378:
21377:
21374:
21372:
21369:
21367:
21364:
21362:
21359:
21357:
21354:
21352:
21349:
21347:
21344:
21340:
21337:
21335:
21332:
21329:
21328:
21327:Untermenschen
21323:
21320:
21319:
21318:Rassenschande
21314:
21312:
21309:
21307:
21304:
21302:
21299:
21297:
21294:
21292:
21289:
21287:
21284:
21283:
21282:
21279:
21277:
21274:
21272:
21269:
21267:
21264:
21262:
21259:
21257:
21254:
21252:
21249:
21245:
21242:
21240:
21237:
21235:
21232:
21230:
21227:
21226:
21225:
21222:
21220:
21217:
21215:
21212:
21208:
21207:Pan-Germanism
21205:
21202:
21201:
21196:
21193:
21192:
21187:
21185:
21182:
21181:
21180:
21177:
21174:
21173:
21168:
21165:
21164:
21159:
21157:
21154:
21152:
21149:
21147:
21146:Direct action
21144:
21139:
21138:
21137:Führerprinzip
21133:
21132:
21131:
21128:
21126:
21123:
21121:
21118:
21114:
21111:
21108:
21107:
21102:
21101:
21100:
21097:
21095:
21092:
21090:
21087:
21085:
21082:
21080:
21077:
21075:
21074:Anti-pacifism
21072:
21070:
21067:
21065:
21062:
21060:
21057:
21055:
21052:
21048:
21046:
21042:
21034:
21031:
21029:
21026:
21024:
21021:
21019:
21016:
21014:
21011:
21009:
21006:
21004:
21001:
20999:
20996:
20994:
20991:
20989:
20986:
20985:
20984:
20983:
20978:
20975:
20973:
20970:
20968:
20965:
20963:
20960:
20958:The Holocaust
20957:
20955:
20952:
20949:
20948:
20943:
20940:
20939:
20938:Kristallnacht
20934:
20932:
20929:
20927:
20924:
20922:
20919:
20917:
20914:
20912:
20909:
20907:
20904:
20901:
20900:
20895:
20893:
20890:
20888:
20885:
20883:
20880:
20877:
20876:
20871:
20869:
20866:
20864:
20861:
20859:
20856:
20852:
20850:
20846:
20836:
20835:
20834:Schutzstaffel
20830:
20826:
20825:
20820:
20818:
20815:
20812:
20811:
20806:
20804:
20801:
20799:
20796:
20794:
20791:
20789:
20786:
20784:
20781:
20779:
20776:
20774:
20771:
20769:
20766:
20763:
20762:
20757:
20754:
20753:
20748:
20745:
20744:
20739:
20738:
20734:
20730:
20726:
20719:
20714:
20712:
20707:
20705:
20700:
20699:
20696:
20678:
20674:
20670:
20666:
20665:
20655:
20651:
20648:
20644:
20641:
20637:
20634:
20630:
20627:
20626:Netiv HaAsara
20623:
20620:
20616:
20613:
20609:
20606:
20602:
20599:
20595:
20592:
20591:Ein HaShlosha
20588:
20585:
20581:
20580:
20578:
20576:
20572:
20564:
20560:
20556:
20552:
20551:
20549:
20545:
20537:
20533:
20529:
20525:
20521:
20517:
20513:
20509:
20505:
20501:
20497:
20493:
20489:
20485:
20481:
20477:
20473:
20469:
20465:
20461:
20457:
20453:
20449:
20445:
20441:
20440:Itamar attack
20437:
20436:
20434:
20430:
20418:
20414:
20410:
20406:
20402:
20398:
20394:
20390:
20389:
20387:
20383:
20372:
20368:
20365:
20361:
20358:
20354:
20351:
20347:
20344:
20340:
20337:
20333:
20330:
20326:
20325:
20323:
20319:
20308:
20307:Hebron ambush
20304:
20301:
20297:
20294:
20290:
20287:
20283:
20280:
20276:
20273:
20269:
20266:
20262:
20259:
20258:Hadera attack
20255:
20252:
20248:
20247:
20245:
20241:
20230:
20226:
20223:
20219:
20218:
20216:
20212:
20209:
20205:
20202:
20198:
20182:
20178:
20174:
20170:
20166:
20162:
20158:
20154:
20150:
20146:
20142:
20138:
20134:
20130:
20126:
20122:
20121:
20119:
20115:
20103:
20099:
20095:
20091:
20087:
20083:
20079:
20075:
20071:
20067:
20063:
20059:
20055:
20051:
20047:
20043:
20042:
20040:
20036:
20024:
20020:
20016:
20012:
20008:
20004:
20000:
19996:
19992:
19988:
19984:
19980:
19976:
19972:
19968:
19964:
19963:
19961:
19957:
19945:
19941:
19937:
19933:
19929:
19925:
19921:
19917:
19913:
19909:
19908:
19906:
19902:
19891:
19887:
19886:
19884:
19880:
19869:
19865:
19862:
19858:
19855:
19851:
19848:
19844:
19841:
19837:
19836:
19834:
19830:
19819:
19815:
19812:
19808:
19805:
19801:
19798:
19794:
19791:
19787:
19786:
19784:
19780:
19769:
19765:
19762:
19758:
19755:
19751:
19750:
19748:
19744:
19741:
19737:
19726:
19722:
19719:
19715:
19712:
19711:Kraków pogrom
19708:
19705:
19701:
19698:
19694:
19693:
19691:
19687:
19675:
19671:
19668:
19664:
19661:
19657:
19654:
19650:
19649:
19647:
19643:
19632:
19628:
19625:
19621:
19618:
19614:
19613:
19611:
19607:
19596:
19592:
19589:
19585:
19582:
19578:
19577:
19575:
19571:
19559:
19558:The Holocaust
19555:
19552:
19548:
19545:
19541:
19538:
19537:Švenčionėliai
19534:
19531:
19527:
19524:
19520:
19517:
19513:
19510:
19506:
19503:
19499:
19496:
19492:
19489:
19485:
19482:
19478:
19475:
19471:
19468:
19464:
19461:
19457:
19454:
19453:Kaunas (June)
19450:
19447:
19443:
19440:
19436:
19433:
19429:
19428:
19426:
19422:
19411:
19407:
19406:
19404:
19400:
19389:
19388:Silc massacre
19385:
19382:
19378:
19375:
19371:
19370:
19368:
19364:
19353:
19352:Kristallnacht
19349:
19346:
19342:
19341:
19339:
19335:
19332:
19330:
19326:
19316:
19312:
19307:
19303:
19299:
19295:
19291:
19287:
19283:
19279:
19275:
19271:
19267:
19263:
19259:
19255:
19251:
19247:
19241:
19236:
19235:Oradea pogrom
19232:
19228:
19224:
19223:
19213:
19209:
19206:
19202:
19199:
19195:
19192:
19188:
19185:
19181:
19178:
19174:
19171:
19167:
19164:
19160:
19157:
19153:
19152:
19150:
19147:
19143:
19136:
19132:
19129:
19125:
19121:
19117:
19113:
19112:Kielce pogrom
19109:
19105:
19101:
19097:
19093:
19089:
19085:
19081:
19077:
19073:
19072:Shiraz pogrom
19069:
19065:
19061:
19057:
19053:
19049:
19045:
19041:
19037:
19033:
19029:
19025:
19021:
19017:
19013:
19009:
19005:
19004:
19002:
18998:
18995:
18991:
18979:
18975:
18971:
18967:
18966:
18956:
18952:
18949:
18945:
18942:
18938:
18937:
18935:
18932:
18928:
18920:
18916:
18912:
18908:
18904:
18900:
18896:
18892:
18888:
18884:
18880:
18879:Hebron pogrom
18876:
18872:
18868:
18864:
18860:
18856:
18855:Hep-Hep riots
18852:
18848:
18844:
18840:
18836:
18832:
18828:
18824:
18820:
18816:
18812:
18808:
18804:
18803:
18801:
18797:
18789:
18785:
18781:
18777:
18773:
18772:Hebron pogrom
18769:
18765:
18761:
18757:
18753:
18749:
18745:
18741:
18737:
18733:
18729:
18725:
18721:
18717:
18713:
18709:
18705:
18701:
18697:
18696:
18686:
18682:
18679:
18675:
18672:
18668:
18665:
18661:
18658:
18654:
18653:
18651:
18648:
18644:
18636:
18632:
18628:
18624:
18620:
18616:
18615:
18613:
18609:
18606:
18602:
18590:
18586:
18582:
18578:
18574:
18570:
18569:
18559:
18555:
18552:
18548:
18545:
18541:
18540:
18538:
18535:
18531:
18523:
18519:
18515:
18511:
18507:
18503:
18502:
18500:
18496:
18484:
18480:
18476:
18472:
18468:
18464:
18460:
18456:
18452:
18448:
18447:
18445:
18441:
18433:
18429:
18425:
18421:
18420:
18418:
18414:
18411:
18407:
18403:
18399:
18395:
18388:
18383:
18381:
18376:
18374:
18369:
18368:
18365:
18353:
18350:
18345:
18344:
18341:
18333:
18330:
18329:
18328:
18325:
18321:
18318:
18316:
18315:The Holocaust
18313:
18312:
18311:
18308:
18306:
18305:United States
18303:
18301:
18298:
18296:
18293:
18291:
18288:
18286:
18285:Enlightenment
18283:
18281:
18278:
18276:
18273:
18271:
18268:
18267:
18265:
18261:
18255:
18252:
18250:
18247:
18243:
18240:
18239:
18238:
18235:
18233:
18230:
18228:
18225:
18221:
18218:
18216:
18213:
18212:
18211:
18208:
18204:
18201:
18199:
18196:
18194:
18191:
18189:
18186:
18185:
18183:
18182:
18180:
18178:
18174:
18168:
18165:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18155:
18151:
18148:
18146:
18143:
18141:
18138:
18136:
18133:
18132:
18131:
18128:
18126:
18123:
18121:
18118:
18114:
18111:
18110:
18109:
18106:
18105:
18103:
18101:
18097:
18087:
18084:
18082:
18079:
18077:
18074:
18072:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18062:
18059:
18057:
18054:
18053:
18051:
18049:
18045:
18037:
18034:
18030:
18027:
18026:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18017:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
18001:
18000:
17997:
17995:
17992:
17990:
17987:
17986:
17984:
17980:
17974:
17971:
17969:
17966:
17964:
17961:
17959:
17956:
17954:
17951:
17949:
17946:
17944:
17941:
17940:
17938:
17936:
17932:
17926:
17923:
17921:
17918:
17916:
17913:
17911:
17908:
17906:
17903:
17901:
17898:
17896:
17893:
17891:
17888:
17886:
17883:
17882:
17880:
17878:
17874:
17868:
17865:
17863:
17860:
17858:
17855:
17853:
17850:
17848:
17845:
17843:
17840:
17838:
17835:
17833:
17830:
17828:
17825:
17823:
17820:
17819:
17817:
17813:
17809:
17802:
17797:
17795:
17790:
17788:
17783:
17782:
17779:
17766:
17765:Sidney Excell
17763:
17760:
17759:Hugo Blaschke
17757:
17754:
17753:Felix Kersten
17751:
17748:
17747:Karl Gebhardt
17745:
17742:
17741:Falk Zipperer
17739:
17736:
17733:
17730:
17729:Erhard Heiden
17727:
17726:
17724:
17720:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17695:
17693:
17689:
17683:
17680:
17678:
17675:
17673:
17670:
17668:
17665:
17664:
17662:
17658:
17651:
17648:
17645:
17642:
17640:(great-niece)
17639:
17636:
17633:
17630:
17627:
17624:
17621:
17618:
17615:
17612:
17609:
17606:
17605:
17603:
17599:
17593:
17590:
17588:
17585:
17583:
17580:
17578:
17575:
17573:
17570:
17568:
17565:
17563:
17560:
17558:
17555:
17553:
17550:
17548:
17545:
17543:
17540:
17538:
17535:
17533:
17530:
17528:
17525:
17523:
17520:
17518:
17517:The Holocaust
17515:
17514:
17512:
17510:
17509:the Holocaust
17504:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17483:
17480:
17478:
17477:Schutzstaffel
17475:
17474:
17472:
17470:Organizations
17468:
17461:
17458:
17455:
17452:
17449:
17446:
17443:
17440:
17437:
17436:Hermann Gauch
17434:
17431:
17430:Rudolf Brandt
17428:
17425:
17422:
17419:
17416:
17413:
17410:
17407:
17404:
17402:
17399:
17396:
17393:
17391:
17388:
17386:
17383:
17382:
17380:
17378:
17377:
17372:
17366:
17363:
17360:
17358:
17357:
17353:
17352:
17349:
17345:
17338:
17333:
17331:
17326:
17324:
17319:
17318:
17315:
17297:
17293:
17289:
17285:
17281:
17277:
17273:
17269:
17265:
17261:
17257:
17253:
17249:
17245:
17241:
17237:
17233:
17229:
17228:
17225:
17216:
17204:
17200:
17196:
17192:
17188:
17184:
17178:
17174:
17170:
17166:
17162:
17158:
17157:
17154:
17150:
17146:
17142:
17138:
17134:
17130:
17126:
17122:
17118:
17114:
17110:
17109:
17106:
17097:
17085:
17081:
17077:
17073:
17069:
17068:Sobibor trial
17065:
17061:
17057:
17053:
17049:
17045:
17041:
17037:
17033:
17029:
17025:
17021:
17017:
17013:
17009:
17005:
17001:
16997:
16993:
16989:
16985:
16981:
16977:
16973:
16969:
16965:
16961:
16957:
16953:
16949:
16945:
16941:
16937:
16933:
16932:Belsen trials
16929:
16925:
16924:Dachau trials
16921:
16917:
16913:
16909:
16905:
16901:
16897:
16893:
16892:Kharkov trial
16889:
16885:
16881:
16880:
16877:
16871:
16865:
16862:
16858:
16851:
16847:
16844:
16840:
16837:
16836:Justification
16833:
16830:
16826:
16823:
16819:
16816:
16812:
16809:
16805:
16800:
16796:
16793:
16789:
16786:
16782:
16781:
16779:
16775:
16774:
16772:
16768:
16761:
16757:
16754:
16750:
16747:
16743:
16740:
16736:
16733:
16729:
16726:
16722:
16719:
16715:
16710:
16706:
16705:
16703:
16702:The Holocaust
16699:
16698:
16696:
16694:
16690:
16683:
16679:
16676:
16672:
16669:
16665:
16662:
16661:Death marches
16658:
16653:
16649:
16646:
16642:
16641:
16639:
16635:
16632:
16628:
16625:
16621:
16618:
16614:
16611:
16607:
16604:
16600:
16599:
16597:
16593:
16586:
16582:
16579:
16575:
16572:
16568:
16565:
16561:
16558:
16554:
16551:
16547:
16544:
16540:
16537:
16533:
16530:
16526:
16523:
16519:
16512:
16508:
16507:
16505:
16501:
16500:
16498:
16494:
16489:
16485:
16484:
16482:
16478:
16477:
16475:
16471:
16459:
16455:
16451:
16447:
16443:
16439:
16435:
16431:
16427:
16423:
16419:
16418:Iraqi Turkmen
16415:
16411:
16407:
16402:
16398:
16397:
16394:
16390:
16386:
16382:
16381:
16378:
16373:
16367:
16355:
16351:
16347:
16343:
16338:
16334:
16333:
16330:
16326:
16322:
16318:
16314:
16310:
16306:
16302:
16298:
16294:
16290:
16286:
16282:
16278:
16274:
16270:
16266:
16262:
16258:
16254:
16250:
16246:
16242:
16238:
16234:
16230:
16225:
16221:
16218:
16214:
16213:
16209:
16205:
16201:
16197:
16193:
16189:
16185:
16181:
16177:
16173:
16169:
16165:
16161:
16157:
16153:
16149:
16145:
16144:
16141:
16136:
16130:
16118:
16114:
16110:
16106:
16102:
16098:
16094:
16090:
16086:
16082:
16078:
16074:
16070:
16066:
16062:
16058:
16054:
16053:The Holocaust
16050:
16046:
16042:
16038:
16034:
16030:
16026:
16022:
16018:
16014:
16010:
16006:
16002:
15998:
15994:
15990:
15986:
15982:
15978:
15974:
15970:
15966:
15962:
15958:
15954:
15950:
15946:
15942:
15938:
15935:(1920s–1930s)
15934:
15933:Ingrian Finns
15930:
15926:
15922:
15918:
15914:
15910:
15906:
15900:
15896:
15892:
15888:
15884:
15880:
15876:
15872:
15868:
15864:
15859:
15858:Pontic Greeks
15855:
15854:
15851:
15847:
15846:
15844:
15840:
15839:
15836:
15831:
15825:
15811:
15807:
15806:
15804:
15800:
15796:
15792:
15788:
15784:
15780:
15776:
15773:(1890s–1900s)
15772:
15768:
15764:
15760:
15756:
15752:
15748:
15744:
15740:
15736:
15732:
15728:
15724:
15720:
15714:
15710:
15706:
15702:
15698:
15694:
15690:
15686:
15685:
15683:
15679:
15675:
15671:
15667:
15663:
15657:
15653:
15649:
15645:
15644:
15642:
15638:
15634:
15630:
15626:
15622:
15618:
15614:
15610:
15606:
15600:
15596:
15593:(1700s–1800s)
15592:
15588:
15587:
15585:
15581:
15577:
15573:
15569:
15565:
15561:
15557:
15553:
15549:
15545:
15541:
15537:
15533:
15529:
15525:
15521:
15517:
15513:
15509:
15505:
15501:
15500:
15497:
15492:
15486:
15474:
15470:
15466:
15462:
15458:
15454:
15450:
15446:
15443:(1200s–1360s)
15442:
15438:
15434:
15430:
15426:
15422:
15418:
15414:
15409:
15405:
15404:
15401:
15397:
15393:
15389:
15385:
15381:
15380:
15377:
15372:
15366:
15363:
15360:
15355:
15351:
15347:
15340:
15335:
15333:
15328:
15326:
15321:
15320:
15317:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15280:
15277:
15275:
15272:
15270:
15267:
15266:
15264:
15260:
15250:
15247:
15245:
15244:Mizocz Ghetto
15242:
15240:
15237:
15235:
15232:
15230:
15227:
15225:
15224:Drobytsky Yar
15222:
15220:
15217:
15216:
15214:
15212:
15208:
15202:
15199:
15198:
15196:
15194:
15190:
15184:
15181:
15179:
15176:
15175:
15173:
15171:
15167:
15161:
15160:
15156:
15154:
15153:
15149:
15147:
15144:
15143:
15141:
15139:
15135:
15129:
15126:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15116:
15114:
15111:
15109:
15106:
15105:
15103:
15101:
15097:
15091:
15088:
15086:
15083:
15081:
15078:
15076:
15073:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15062:
15060:
15058:
15054:
15048:
15045:
15044:
15042:
15040:
15036:
15030:
15029:Slutsk Affair
15027:
15025:
15022:
15020:
15019:Łachwa Ghetto
15017:
15016:
15014:
15012:
15008:
15005:
15001:
14991:
14990:
14986:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14977:
14973:
14971:
14968:
14966:
14965:
14960:
14957:
14953:
14949:
14945:
14941:
14937:
14936:
14932:
14931:
14929:
14925:
14919:
14918:
14914:
14912:
14911:
14907:
14905:
14902:
14899:
14898:
14894:
14891:
14890:
14886:
14883:
14882:
14878:
14875:
14874:
14870:
14867:
14866:
14865:Schutzstaffel
14862:
14861:
14859:
14855:
14852:
14848:
14838:
14835:
14833:
14830:
14828:
14825:
14823:
14820:
14818:
14817:Viktors Arājs
14815:
14814:
14812:
14810:Collaborators
14808:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14772:
14771:August Becker
14769:
14768:
14766:
14764:Other members
14762:
14756:
14753:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14740:Eugen Steimle
14738:
14736:
14733:
14731:
14728:
14726:
14723:
14721:
14718:
14716:
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14696:
14693:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14681:
14678:
14676:
14673:
14671:
14668:
14666:
14663:
14661:
14658:
14656:
14653:
14651:
14648:
14646:
14643:
14641:
14638:
14636:
14633:
14631:
14628:
14626:
14625:Werner Braune
14623:
14621:
14618:
14616:
14613:
14611:
14608:
14606:
14603:
14601:
14598:
14596:
14593:
14591:
14588:
14586:
14583:
14581:
14578:
14576:
14573:
14572:
14570:
14568:
14563:
14559:Commanders of
14557:
14551:
14548:
14546:
14543:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14533:
14531:
14528:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14518:
14516:
14515:Erich Naumann
14513:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14500:Wilhelm Fuchs
14498:
14496:
14493:
14491:
14488:
14486:
14483:
14481:
14478:
14477:
14475:
14473:
14467:
14461:
14458:
14456:
14453:
14452:
14450:
14446:
14443:
14439:
14435:
14434:
14429:
14428:
14420:
14415:
14413:
14408:
14406:
14401:
14400:
14397:
14385:
14384:
14375:
14374:
14371:
14365:
14362:
14360:
14357:
14356:
14354:
14350:
14343:
14340:
14337:
14334:
14332:(half-nephew)
14331:
14328:
14326:(half-nephew)
14325:
14322:
14319:
14316:
14314:(half-nephew)
14313:
14310:
14307:
14304:
14302:(half-sister)
14301:
14300:Angela Hitler
14298:
14296:(grandmother)
14295:
14292:
14290:(grandfather)
14289:
14286:
14283:
14280:
14277:
14274:
14271:
14268:
14267:
14265:
14263:
14259:
14253:
14252:
14248:
14246:
14245:
14241:
14239:
14238:
14234:
14232:
14231:
14227:
14225:
14224:
14220:
14218:
14215:
14213:
14212:
14208:
14206:
14205:
14201:
14199:
14198:
14194:
14192:
14191:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14166:
14164:
14160:
14154:
14151:
14149:
14146:
14145:
14143:
14137:
14131:
14128:
14126:
14125:50th birthday
14123:
14121:
14118:
14116:
14113:
14111:
14108:
14106:
14103:
14101:
14098:
14096:
14093:
14091:
14088:
14086:
14083:
14081:
14080:Vegetarianism
14078:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14059:
14056:
14055:
14054:
14051:
14050:
14048:
14046:Personal life
14044:
14033:
14029:
14026:
14023:
14019:
14016:
14013:
14009:
14006:
14004:
14001:
13999:
13996:
13995:
13993:
13989:
13983:
13981:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13964:
13961:
13959:
13956:
13954:
13951:
13949:
13946:
13944:
13941:
13939:
13936:
13933:
13929:
13928:
13923:
13920:
13917:
13916:Kehlsteinhaus
13913:
13910:
13909:
13907:
13905:
13903:
13898:
13895:
13889:
13881:
13878:
13877:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13865:The Holocaust
13863:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13845:Rise to power
13843:
13841:
13838:
13837:
13835:
13831:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13809:
13805:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13792:
13791:
13790:
13786:
13784:
13781:
13779:
13776:
13772:
13769:
13768:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13755:
13754:
13753:Führerprinzip
13750:
13749:
13748:
13747:
13743:
13742:
13740:
13736:
13732:
13725:
13720:
13718:
13713:
13711:
13706:
13705:
13702:
13696:
13689:
13677:
13674:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13661:
13660:
13659:United States
13657:
13655:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13607:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13575:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13544:
13541:
13537:
13534:
13533:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13519:
13518:
13517:
13514:
13512:
13509:
13507:
13504:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13494:
13492:
13489:
13487:
13484:
13480:
13477:
13476:
13475:
13472:
13471:
13469:
13465:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13420:
13418:
13410:
13404:
13401:
13397:
13394:
13393:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13356:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13339:The Holocaust
13337:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13324:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13299:
13297:
13295:
13291:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13278:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13241:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13231:
13229:
13225:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13203:Doctors' plot
13201:
13199:
13198:Slánský trial
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13182:
13181:The Holocaust
13179:
13177:
13174:
13173:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13160:
13157:
13156:
13155:
13154:Farhud (Iraq)
13152:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13142:
13140:
13137:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13114:Hep-Hep riots
13112:
13110:
13107:
13106:
13104:
13096:
13090:
13087:
13085:
13084:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13062:Martin Luther
13060:
13058:
13055:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13037:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13022:
13020:
13018:
13014:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12997:Weaponization
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12982:
12978:
12974:
12971:
12970:
12969:
12968:
12964:
12962:
12961:Philosemitism
12959:
12957:
12956:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12934:
12933:
12932:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12920:Khazar theory
12918:
12914:
12911:
12910:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12903:
12899:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12873:
12871:
12867:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12850:Olympic Games
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12829:
12828:New Testament
12826:
12825:
12824:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12814:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12790:
12789:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12778:
12775:
12773:
12770:
12768:
12765:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12752:
12751:
12748:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12730:
12729:
12726:
12724:
12721:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12690:
12688:
12684:
12680:
12673:
12668:
12666:
12661:
12659:
12654:
12653:
12650:
12629:
12625:
12623:
12620:
12618:
12615:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12557:
12555:
12551:
12543:
12540:
12539:
12538:
12535:
12531:
12528:
12527:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12499:
12496:
12494:
12491:
12489:
12486:
12485:
12484:
12481:
12479:
12476:
12475:
12473:
12471:
12467:
12461:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12441:
12438:
12437:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12410:Nazi eugenics
12408:
12406:
12403:
12402:
12400:
12396:
12392:
12384:
12381:
12378:
12377:
12373:
12369:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12339:Topf and Sons
12337:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12307:
12306:Collaborators
12303:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12286:
12282:
12281:
12279:
12275:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12258:
12255:
12252:
12249:
12245:
12244:Referat IV B4
12242:
12241:
12240: (RSHA)
12239:
12236:
12234:
12232:
12231:Schutzstaffel
12228:
12226:
12223:
12222:
12220:
12218:Organizations
12216:
12210:
12207:
12206:
12203:
12199:
12194:
12190:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12160:Romani people
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12133:
12129:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12113:Working Group
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12098:Kastner train
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12085:
12083:
12081:
12077:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12047:
12044:
12043:
12042:
12039:
12038:
12036:
12034:
12030:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11978:
11974:
11973:
11971:
11967:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11937:
11929:
11926:
11925:
11924:
11921:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11908:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11886:
11885:Kristallnacht
11882:
11881:
11879:
11875:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11855:
11853:
11851:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11834:
11830:
11825:
11821:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11785:
11784:
11779:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11744:
11742:
11738:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11698:
11696:
11694:
11690:
11687:
11684:
11680:
11676:
11670:
11669:
11668:Sanitätswesen
11665:
11663:
11662:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11650:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11638:
11632:
11631:Death marches
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11603:
11601:
11597:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11546:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11527:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11504:
11503:
11501:
11497:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11458:
11457:Extermination
11454:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11432:Sachsenhausen
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11410:
11408:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11376:
11374:
11373:Herzogenbusch
11371:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11348:Bergen-Belsen
11346:
11344:
11341:
11340:
11338:
11336:
11335:Concentration
11332:
11328:
11324:
11320:
11315:
11311:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11285:
11284:
11281:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11271:United States
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11238:
11237:
11234:
11233:
11231:
11227:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11202:
11200:
11196:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11159:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11116:
11113:
11112:
11111:and colonies
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11098:
11095:
11094:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11023:
11019:
11015:
11014:The Holocaust
11008:
11003:
11001:
10996:
10994:
10989:
10988:
10985:
10976:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10939:
10935:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10920:
10916:
10912:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10894:
10890:
10886:
10882:
10878:
10874:
10870:
10866:
10865:
10860:
10856:
10852:
10848:
10844:
10840:
10835:
10834:
10822:
10816:
10812:
10808:
10804:
10800:
10796:
10790:
10786:
10782:
10778:
10774:
10768:
10764:
10760:
10756:
10752:
10748:
10736:
10728:
10722:
10718:
10714:
10710:
10705:
10701:
10695:
10691:
10686:
10675:
10671:
10667:
10661:
10657:
10653:
10649:
10645:
10641:
10636:
10632:
10626:
10622:
10618:
10614:
10610:
10604:
10600:
10595:
10591:
10585:
10581:
10576:
10572:
10566:
10562:
10558:
10554:
10550:
10546:
10540:
10536:
10532:
10527:
10523:
10517:
10513:
10509:
10505:
10501:
10500:King, Charles
10497:
10493:
10487:
10483:
10478:
10474:
10468:
10464:
10460:
10455:
10451:
10445:
10441:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10425:
10419:
10415:
10411:
10407:
10406:Ther, Philipp
10402:
10398:
10392:
10388:
10384:
10380:
10376:
10372:
10366:
10362:
10358:
10354:
10350:
10344:
10340:
10336:
10332:
10328:
10322:
10318:
10314:
10310:
10306:
10302:
10296:
10292:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10274:
10270:
10266:
10262:
10258:
10257:
10253:Book chapters
10245:
10239:
10235:
10231:
10227:
10223:
10219:
10213:
10209:
10205:
10200:
10196:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10178:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10160:
10156:
10155:
10150:
10146:
10142:
10138:
10134:
10128:
10124:
10120:
10116:
10115:
10109:
10105:
10099:
10095:
10091:
10087:
10083:
10079:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10050:
10044:
10040:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10025:
10023:0-7006-1280-7
10019:
10015:
10011:
10007:
10002:
9998:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9972:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9957:
9952:
9948:
9944:
9938:
9934:
9930:
9929:
9923:
9919:
9913:
9909:
9905:
9904:
9899:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9869:
9865:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9843:
9839:
9838:
9832:
9828:
9824:
9820:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9806:
9802:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9768:
9764:
9760:
9759:
9754:
9750:
9746:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9728:
9727:
9722:
9718:
9714:
9708:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9693:
9689:
9683:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9645:
9644:Bergen, Doris
9641:
9637:
9631:
9627:
9623:
9619:
9615:
9611:
9605:
9601:
9597:
9593:
9589:
9585:
9579:
9575:
9571:
9570:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9542:
9537:
9533:
9532:
9506:
9502:
9496:
9489:
9484:
9476:
9470:
9466:
9462:
9456:
9449:
9444:
9437:
9432:
9425:
9420:
9413:
9408:
9400:
9394:
9390:
9386:
9380:
9372:
9366:
9362:
9355:
9347:
9341:
9333:
9327:
9320:
9319:
9311:
9303:
9299:
9295:
9291:
9285:
9277:
9271:
9267:
9260:
9253:
9248:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9228:
9224:
9217:
9210:
9205:
9198:
9193:
9186:
9181:
9179:
9171:
9166:
9159:
9154:
9148:, p. 22.
9147:
9142:
9135:
9130:
9124:, p. 93.
9123:
9118:
9111:
9106:
9100:, p. 14.
9099:
9094:
9087:
9082:
9075:
9070:
9063:
9058:
9056:
9054:
9045:
9043:0-231-11215-7
9039:
9035:
9034:
9029:
9023:
9015:
9009:
9005:
9004:
8996:
8988:
8982:
8978:
8977:
8972:
8971:Straus, Scott
8966:
8958:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8938:
8931:
8926:
8919:
8914:
8907:
8902:
8896:, p. 97.
8895:
8890:
8883:
8878:
8871:
8869:
8862:
8855:
8853:
8846:
8839:
8834:
8827:
8825:
8818:
8811:
8806:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8779:
8772:
8767:
8760:
8755:
8753:
8745:
8740:
8733:
8728:
8721:
8716:
8709:
8708:Wittmann 2010
8704:
8697:
8692:
8685:
8684:Wittmann 2010
8680:
8673:
8672:Wittmann 2010
8668:
8661:
8656:
8649:
8644:
8637:
8636:Wittmann 2010
8632:
8625:
8620:
8613:
8608:
8601:
8596:
8589:
8584:
8582:
8574:
8569:
8562:
8557:
8550:
8545:
8538:
8533:
8531:
8523:
8517:
8516:
8511:
8505:
8498:
8494:
8488:
8484:
8480:
8474:
8458:
8454:
8453:
8448:
8442:
8435:
8430:
8423:
8418:
8411:
8406:
8399:
8394:
8386:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8339:
8334:
8327:
8312:
8308:
8301:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8250:
8243:
8238:
8231:
8226:
8219:
8214:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8187:
8180:
8175:
8168:
8163:
8161:
8153:
8148:
8140:
8134:
8130:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8106:
8098:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8083:
8082:Der Holocaust
8078:
8072:
8064:
8058:
8054:
8053:
8045:
8038:
8033:
8031:
8023:
8018:
8016:
8014:
8006:
8001:
7995:, p. 69.
7994:
7989:
7982:
7977:
7970:
7965:
7958:
7953:
7946:
7941:
7934:
7929:
7922:
7917:
7910:
7905:
7903:
7895:
7890:
7888:
7880:
7875:
7873:
7865:
7860:
7853:
7848:
7841:
7836:
7829:
7824:
7817:
7812:
7805:
7800:
7793:
7788:
7781:
7776:
7769:
7764:
7757:
7752:
7745:
7740:
7733:
7728:
7721:
7716:
7709:
7704:
7697:
7692:
7685:
7680:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7658:
7653:
7647:, p. 61.
7646:
7641:
7635:, p. 55.
7634:
7629:
7613:
7609:
7608:
7603:
7597:
7590:
7585:
7578:
7573:
7566:
7561:
7554:
7553:Burzlaff 2020
7549:
7542:
7537:
7530:
7525:
7518:
7513:
7506:
7505:Cesarani 2016
7501:
7494:
7489:
7482:
7477:
7470:
7469:Burzlaff 2020
7465:
7458:
7453:
7446:
7441:
7434:
7429:
7427:
7419:
7414:
7407:
7406:Burzlaff 2020
7402:
7395:
7390:
7383:
7378:
7371:
7366:
7359:
7354:
7347:
7342:
7335:
7330:
7323:
7322:Burzlaff 2020
7318:
7311:
7306:
7299:
7294:
7287:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7269:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7248:
7240:
7238:9780191676697
7234:
7230:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7200:
7198:9780399118456
7194:
7190:
7186:
7179:
7177:
7168:
7164:
7158:
7150:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7133:
7124:
7122:1-57181-775-1
7118:
7114:
7107:
7091:
7089:0-8143-2920-9
7085:
7081:
7075:
7070:
7069:
7061:
7054:
7049:
7042:
7037:
7030:
7025:
7018:
7013:
7006:
7001:
6994:
6989:
6982:
6977:
6970:
6965:
6958:
6953:
6946:
6941:
6934:
6929:
6922:
6917:
6910:
6905:
6898:
6893:
6886:
6881:
6874:
6869:
6862:
6857:
6850:
6845:
6838:
6833:
6831:
6823:
6818:
6811:
6806:
6799:
6794:
6787:
6782:
6775:
6770:
6763:
6758:
6751:
6746:
6739:
6734:
6732:
6724:
6719:
6712:
6707:
6700:
6695:
6688:
6683:
6677:, p. 13.
6676:
6671:
6664:
6663:Burzlaff 2020
6659:
6652:
6647:
6640:
6635:
6628:
6627:Burzlaff 2020
6623:
6616:
6611:
6609:
6601:
6596:
6589:
6584:
6577:
6572:
6565:
6560:
6553:
6548:
6541:
6536:
6529:
6524:
6517:
6512:
6505:
6504:Burzlaff 2020
6500:
6493:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6474:
6469:
6462:
6457:
6450:
6445:
6438:
6433:
6426:
6421:
6414:
6409:
6402:
6397:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6367:, p. 35.
6366:
6361:
6354:
6349:
6342:
6337:
6330:
6325:
6318:
6313:
6306:
6301:
6294:
6289:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6248:
6241:
6236:
6229:
6224:
6217:
6212:
6206:, p. 97.
6205:
6200:
6198:
6196:
6188:
6183:
6176:
6171:
6164:
6159:
6152:
6147:
6140:
6135:
6128:
6123:
6116:
6111:
6104:
6099:
6092:
6087:
6080:
6075:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6044:
6039:
6032:
6027:
6020:
6015:
6013:
6005:
6000:
5993:
5988:
5986:
5978:
5973:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5949:
5942:
5937:
5935:
5927:
5922:
5916:, p. 91.
5915:
5910:
5908:
5900:
5895:
5893:
5886:, p. 63.
5885:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5868:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5804:
5799:
5792:
5787:
5780:
5775:
5768:
5763:
5756:
5751:
5744:
5739:
5732:
5727:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5662:
5656:
5651:
5650:
5641:
5634:
5629:
5622:
5617:
5615:
5607:
5602:
5595:
5590:
5583:
5578:
5571:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5552:
5544:
5539:
5532:
5527:
5520:
5519:Browning 2004
5515:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5493:
5488:
5481:
5476:
5469:
5464:
5457:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5408:
5403:
5396:
5391:
5385:, p. 74.
5384:
5379:
5377:
5369:
5364:
5358:, p. 99.
5357:
5352:
5350:
5342:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5287:
5282:
5275:
5270:
5263:
5258:
5252:, p. 78.
5251:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5234:
5229:
5222:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5198:
5193:
5191:
5184:, p. 71.
5183:
5178:
5171:
5166:
5159:
5154:
5147:
5142:
5135:
5130:
5123:
5118:
5112:, p. 76.
5111:
5106:
5099:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5063:
5058:
5051:
5046:
5040:, p. 36.
5039:
5034:
5027:
5022:
5015:
5010:
5004:, p. 79.
5003:
4998:
4996:
4988:
4983:
4976:
4971:
4965:, p. 70.
4964:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4923:
4918:
4911:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4894:
4889:
4883:, p. 66.
4882:
4877:
4870:
4865:
4858:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4835:, p. 69.
4834:
4829:
4827:
4819:
4814:
4807:
4806:Kopstein 2023
4802:
4795:
4794:Kopstein 2023
4790:
4783:
4778:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4743:
4738:
4731:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4680:
4675:
4673:
4665:
4660:
4653:
4648:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4626:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4585:
4579:, p. 72.
4578:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4501:
4495:, p. 67.
4494:
4489:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4459:, p. 68.
4458:
4453:
4446:
4441:
4434:
4429:
4422:
4417:
4410:
4405:
4398:
4393:
4386:
4385:Cesarani 2016
4381:
4375:, p. 67.
4374:
4369:
4362:
4357:
4350:
4345:
4338:
4337:Cesarani 2016
4333:
4326:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4280:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4249:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4220:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4174:
4169:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4118:
4113:
4106:
4101:
4095:, p. 40.
4094:
4089:
4082:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4047:, p. 59.
4046:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4030:Cesarani 2016
4026:
4020:, p. 37.
4019:
4014:
4007:
4002:
3996:, p. 38.
3995:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3970:Cesarani 2016
3966:
3960:, p. 86.
3959:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3936:, p. 58.
3935:
3930:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3879:
3873:, p. 98.
3872:
3867:
3861:, p. 57.
3860:
3855:
3853:
3846:, p. 56.
3845:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3817:, p. 49.
3816:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3793:, p. 51.
3792:
3787:
3781:, p. 50.
3780:
3775:
3769:, p. 52.
3768:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3745:, p. 48.
3744:
3739:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3682:Cesarani 2016
3678:
3671:
3666:
3660:, p. 44.
3659:
3654:
3647:
3646:Cesarani 2016
3642:
3635:
3634:Cesarani 2016
3630:
3624:, p. 46.
3623:
3618:
3612:, p. 45.
3611:
3606:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3576:, p. 42.
3575:
3570:
3563:
3562:Cesarani 2016
3558:
3552:, p. 41.
3551:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3531:
3525:, p. 52.
3524:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3504:
3498:, p. 96.
3497:
3492:
3490:
3483:, p. 43.
3482:
3477:
3470:
3469:Cesarani 2016
3465:
3459:, p. 40.
3458:
3453:
3451:
3444:, p. 65.
3443:
3438:
3431:
3426:
3420:, p. 35.
3419:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3396:, p. 55.
3395:
3390:
3388:
3381:, p. 67.
3380:
3375:
3369:, p. 66.
3368:
3363:
3356:
3351:
3345:, p. 39.
3344:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3304:, p. 33.
3303:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3277:, p. 18.
3276:
3271:
3265:, p. 59.
3264:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3241:, p. 17.
3240:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3213:
3208:
3202:, p. 42.
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3178:, p. 57.
3177:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3118:, p. 65.
3117:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3101:, p. 24.
3100:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3074:, p. 37.
3073:
3068:
3062:, p. 62.
3061:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3026:, p. 25.
3025:
3020:
3013:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2966:, p. 58.
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2942:, p. 22.
2941:
2936:
2930:, p. 15.
2929:
2924:
2917:
2912:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2892:Calimani 2018
2888:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2841:Cesarani 2016
2837:
2835:
2828:, p. 14.
2827:
2822:
2818:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:Cesarani 2016
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2617:seeking entry
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:Wolfgang Benz
2565:
2561:
2560:A. Dirk Moses
2552:
2548:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2424:Kielce pogrom
2414:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2263:Bergen-Belsen
2259:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:were deported
2192:
2188:
2183:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2055:camp brothels
2052:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:puppet states
1960:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1785:Wola Massacre
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:the camps in
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1351:1939 prophecy
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1294:another 1,000
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:Schutzstaffel
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
984:
983:Warsaw Ghetto
979:
973:
969:
964:
959:
949:
947:
942:
940:
939:military rule
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:
825:
821:
816:
807:
805:
801:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:
756:Kristallnacht
752:
748:
740:
739:
738:Kristallnacht
734:
729:
725:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
708:civil service
705:
700:
694:
688:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
607:
599:
595:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:
566:
562:
559:unbounded by
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
531:
526:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
411:
407:
403:
398:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:, as well as
363:
359:
355:
351:
345:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:European Jews
188:
184:
183:The Holocaust
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
139:death marches
136:
135:mass shooting
132:
128:
124:
121:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
84:to go to the
83:
79:
75:
69:
64:
61:
56:
53:The Holocaust
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
27258:Vichy France
27177:
27160:
27143:
27126:
27109:
27092:
27080:from Commons
27075:
27058:
27037:
27011:Bibliography
26994:
26807:Project Hula
26772:Vistula–Oder
26741:
26674:
26665:
26649:
26619:
26568:
26552:
26543:
26534:
26500:
26397:
26312:
26288:
26258:
26009:
25902:
25847:North Africa
25549:Soviet Union
25503:Soviet Union
25429:Soviet Union
25197:Vatican City
25107:Vichy France
25012:German Reich
24909:Soviet Union
24895:South Africa
24888:Sierra Leone
24841:Newfoundland
24660:Participants
24643:Marocchinate
24477:
24347:
24338:
24308:
24186:North Africa
24147:Indian Ocean
24006:Nazi plunder
23897:Cryptography
23770:World War II
23580:(1991–2001)
23560:(1984–1989)
23520:Famen Temple
23510:(1966–1976)
23373:
23320:(1922–1991)
23289:(1913–1922)
22820:Christianity
22810:Baháʼí Faith
22693:in Australia
22683:Racial quota
22327:Soviet Union
22270:Saudi Arabia
22211:South Africa
22138:Ethnic slurs
22133:Ethnic jokes
22035:Internalized
21853:Architecture
21801:SS personnel
21749:
21735:SUMKA (Iran)
21361:Social order
21286:Antisemitism
21239:Palingenetic
21130:Dictatorship
21099:Conspiracism
21023:Labour camps
20993:Deportations
20980:
20954:World War II
20899:Kirchenkampf
20887:Nazi Germany
20768:Hitler Youth
20732:Organisation
20555:Israel riots
20547:2020–present
20200:21st century
20141:AMIA bombing
19725:Cairo pogrom
19557:
19328:
19306:Brest pogrom
19096:Skver pogrom
18993:20th century
18970:Corfu pogrom
18871:Tzfat pogrom
18780:Safed pogrom
18756:Arles pogrom
18708:1391 pogroms
18573:Ham massacre
18514:Fez massacre
18314:
18310:World War II
18300:Soviet Union
18280:Emancipation
18275:Disabilities
18056:Roman Empire
17973:Roman Judaea
17703:Thomas Sneum
17644:Heinz Kokott
17516:
17508:
17448:Heinz Macher
17401:Adolf Hitler
17374:
17354:
17220:21st century
17177:Ratko Mladić
17101:20th century
17044:Belzec trial
16808:Genocide law
16668:Death squads
16578:Mass killing
16488:Autogenocide
16372:21st century
16135:1946 to 1999
16052:
16007:(1935–1945)
15965:Libyan Arabs
15830:1913 to 1945
15491:1490 to 1913
15289:Jäger Report
15239:Lviv pogroms
15158:
15150:
15047:Kalevi-Liiva
15024:Minsk Ghetto
14987:
14976:Rollkommando
14975:
14963:
14933:
14917:Sonderdienst
14915:
14908:
14895:
14887:
14879:
14876: (RSHA)
14871:
14863:
14791:Felix Landau
14750:Martin Weiss
14730:Erwin Schulz
14705:Walter Rauff
14685:Rudolf Lange
14640:Ernst Damzog
14630:Karl Brunner
14610:Walter Blume
14580:Gerhard Bast
14566:
14561:
14510:Bruno Müller
14471:
14431:
14425:
14381:
14330:Heinz Hitler
14320:(half-niece)
14306:Paula Hitler
14282:Klara Hitler
14276:Alois Hitler
14249:
14242:
14235:
14228:
14221:
14209:
14202:
14195:
14188:
14028:Obersalzberg
13979:
13927:Führerbunker
13926:
13904:Headquarters
13901:
13864:
13860:World War II
13855:Nazi Germany
13808:Zweites Buch
13806:
13787:
13751:
13744:
13731:Adolf Hitler
13669:21st century
13649:South Africa
13615:Labour Party
13536:21st century
13479:Saudi Arabia
13403:Yellow badge
13353:
13349:Jewish quota
13338:
13276:
13238:
13213:Yellow badge
13180:
13081:
13025:Anti-Judaism
12979:
12965:
12953:
12929:
12925:Ku Klux Klan
12900:
12876:Anti-Zionism
12860:Universities
12823:Christianity
12733:Adolf Hitler
12679:Antisemitism
12622:Yizkor books
12283:
12230:
11975:
11923:in Lithuania
11883:
11781:
11666:
11659:
11648:
11582:
11560:
11541:
11522:
11505:
11288:by Catholics
11157:Soviet Union
11025:By territory
11013:
10966:
10960:
10937:
10931:
10892:
10868:
10862:
10859:Láníček, Jan
10842:
10838:
10806:
10784:
10758:
10708:
10689:
10677:. Retrieved
10643:
10620:
10598:
10579:
10556:
10530:
10507:
10481:
10458:
10435:
10432:Hayes, Peter
10409:
10382:
10360:
10357:Engel, David
10338:
10312:
10290:
10287:Bartov, Omer
10264:
10229:
10203:
10180:
10153:
10113:
10089:
10062:
10037:
10012:. New York:
10009:
9982:
9955:
9951:Kay, Alex J.
9927:
9902:
9898:Hayes, Peter
9888:. New York:
9885:
9882:Hayes, Peter
9859:
9836:
9813:
9785:
9781:Engel, David
9756:
9725:
9702:
9697:
9673:
9647:
9621:
9595:
9568:
9564:Bartov, Omer
9540:
9509:. Retrieved
9504:
9495:
9483:
9464:
9461:Bartov, Omer
9455:
9450:, p. 2.
9443:
9431:
9419:
9414:, p. 6.
9407:
9388:
9379:
9360:
9354:
9317:
9310:
9301:
9297:
9290:Rummel, R.J.
9284:
9265:
9259:
9247:
9230:
9226:
9216:
9209:Assmann 2010
9204:
9197:Assmann 2010
9192:
9165:
9158:Bartov 2023b
9153:
9141:
9134:Bartov 2023b
9129:
9117:
9110:Priemel 2020
9105:
9093:
9086:Assmann 2010
9081:
9076:, p. 8.
9069:
9032:
9022:
9002:
8995:
8975:
8965:
8946:
8937:
8930:Assmann 2010
8925:
8913:
8906:Assmann 2010
8901:
8894:Assmann 2010
8889:
8877:
8867:
8861:
8851:
8845:
8833:
8823:
8817:
8805:
8793:. Retrieved
8787:
8778:
8766:
8746:, p. 7.
8739:
8732:Bartov 2023b
8727:
8720:Priemel 2020
8715:
8703:
8696:Priemel 2020
8691:
8679:
8667:
8660:Priemel 2020
8655:
8648:Priemel 2020
8643:
8631:
8624:Priemel 2020
8619:
8612:Kochavi 2010
8607:
8600:Kochavi 2010
8595:
8588:Kochavi 2010
8573:Gerlach 2016
8568:
8556:
8544:
8539:, p. 3.
8537:Gerlach 2016
8513:
8504:
8496:
8482:
8473:
8461:. Retrieved
8457:the original
8450:
8441:
8429:
8417:
8405:
8398:Gerlach 2016
8393:
8342:
8336:
8326:
8314:. Retrieved
8310:
8300:
8278:(1): 29–34.
8275:
8271:
8261:
8254:Gerlach 2016
8249:
8242:Gerlach 2016
8237:
8230:Gerlach 2016
8225:
8218:Gerlach 2016
8213:
8201:. Retrieved
8195:
8186:
8179:Gerlach 2016
8174:
8154:, p. 1.
8147:
8115:
8105:
8081:
8071:
8051:
8044:
8037:Bartov 2023b
8022:Bartov 2023b
8005:Priemel 2020
8000:
7988:
7976:
7964:
7952:
7940:
7928:
7921:Gerlach 2016
7916:
7859:
7852:Gerlach 2016
7847:
7835:
7828:Gerlach 2016
7823:
7811:
7804:Gerlach 2016
7799:
7792:Gerlach 2016
7787:
7775:
7763:
7756:Gerlach 2016
7751:
7744:Gerlach 2016
7739:
7732:Gerlach 2016
7727:
7715:
7703:
7696:Gerlach 2016
7691:
7679:
7659:, p. 2.
7652:
7640:
7628:
7616:. Retrieved
7612:the original
7605:
7596:
7584:
7577:Láníček 2012
7572:
7560:
7548:
7536:
7524:
7512:
7500:
7493:Gerlach 2016
7488:
7481:Gerlach 2016
7476:
7464:
7452:
7440:
7433:Bartov 2023b
7418:Gerlach 2016
7413:
7401:
7389:
7382:Gerlach 2016
7377:
7370:Gerlach 2016
7365:
7358:Gerlach 2016
7353:
7341:
7334:Gerlach 2016
7329:
7317:
7305:
7298:Gerlach 2016
7293:
7286:Gerlach 2016
7253:
7247:
7216:
7207:
7184:
7169:(in German).
7167:ns-archiv.de
7166:
7157:
7149:the original
7142:
7132:
7112:
7106:
7093:. Retrieved
7074:Google Books
7067:
7060:
7053:Gerlach 2016
7048:
7041:Gerlach 2016
7036:
7029:Gerlach 2016
7024:
7017:Gerlach 2016
7012:
7005:Gerlach 2016
7000:
6993:Gerlach 2016
6988:
6976:
6964:
6952:
6940:
6928:
6916:
6904:
6892:
6880:
6868:
6861:Spoerer 2020
6856:
6849:Gerlach 2016
6844:
6837:Spoerer 2020
6822:Gerlach 2016
6817:
6810:Spoerer 2020
6805:
6798:Spoerer 2020
6793:
6781:
6769:
6762:Gerlach 2016
6757:
6745:
6738:Gerlach 2016
6723:Gerlach 2016
6718:
6711:Gerlach 2016
6706:
6694:
6682:
6675:Gerlach 2016
6670:
6658:
6646:
6639:Bloxham 2009
6634:
6622:
6600:Bloxham 2009
6595:
6588:Bartov 2023b
6583:
6576:Bartov 2023b
6571:
6564:Bloxham 2009
6559:
6547:
6540:Bloxham 2009
6535:
6523:
6516:Bloxham 2009
6511:
6499:
6475:, p. 2.
6468:
6461:Gerlach 2016
6456:
6449:Gerlach 2016
6444:
6437:Gerlach 2016
6432:
6420:
6413:Gerlach 2016
6408:
6396:
6384:
6377:Gerlach 2016
6372:
6360:
6348:
6341:Gerlach 2016
6336:
6324:
6312:
6305:Gerlach 2016
6300:
6293:Gerlach 2016
6288:
6276:. Retrieved
6269:
6259:
6252:Gerlach 2016
6247:
6240:Gerlach 2016
6235:
6228:Gerlach 2016
6223:
6211:
6204:Gerlach 2016
6182:
6170:
6163:Gerlach 2016
6158:
6146:
6139:Gerlach 2016
6134:
6122:
6110:
6098:
6086:
6079:Gerlach 2016
6074:
6062:
6050:
6038:
6026:
6019:Bartov 2023b
5999:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5926:Gerlach 2016
5921:
5914:Gerlach 2016
5899:Gerlach 2016
5867:Gerlach 2016
5850:Gerlach 2016
5798:
5791:Gerlach 2016
5786:
5774:
5767:Gerlach 2016
5762:
5755:Gerlach 2016
5750:
5738:
5731:Gerlach 2016
5726:
5683:
5679:
5669:
5648:
5640:
5633:Gerlach 2016
5628:
5621:Gerlach 2016
5601:
5589:
5577:
5570:Gerlach 2016
5565:
5543:Gerlach 2016
5538:
5526:
5514:
5492:Gerlach 2016
5487:
5475:
5463:
5458:, pp. 96, 99
5455:
5437:
5429:
5402:
5390:
5383:Gerlach 2016
5363:
5356:Gerlach 2016
5336:
5329:Gerlach 2016
5324:
5312:
5286:Gerlach 2016
5281:
5269:
5262:Bartov 2023b
5257:
5250:Gerlach 2016
5228:
5216:
5204:
5182:Gerlach 2016
5177:
5170:Bartov 2023b
5165:
5153:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5110:Gerlach 2016
5105:
5093:
5086:Gerlach 2016
5081:
5069:
5062:Gerlach 2016
5057:
5050:Gerlach 2016
5045:
5033:
5026:Bartov 2023b
5021:
5014:Gerlach 2016
5009:
5002:Gerlach 2016
4987:Bartov 2023b
4982:
4975:Bloxham 2009
4970:
4963:Gerlach 2016
4946:Russell 2018
4941:
4934:Gerlach 2016
4929:
4917:
4888:
4881:Gerlach 2016
4876:
4864:
4852:
4840:
4833:Gerlach 2016
4818:Bartov 2023b
4813:
4801:
4789:
4782:Gerlach 2016
4777:
4770:Gerlach 2016
4765:
4749:
4737:
4730:Gerlach 2016
4725:
4713:
4701:
4694:Gerlach 2016
4679:Gerlach 2016
4664:Gerlach 2016
4659:
4637:Gerlach 2016
4632:
4620:
4613:Gerlach 2016
4608:
4596:
4591:, p. 5.
4589:Gerlach 2016
4584:
4577:Gerlach 2016
4572:
4560:
4553:Gerlach 2016
4548:
4536:
4529:Bloxham 2009
4524:
4517:Gerlach 2016
4512:
4500:
4488:
4481:Gerlach 2016
4476:
4464:
4457:Gerlach 2016
4452:
4440:
4428:
4421:Bartov 2023b
4416:
4404:
4397:Gerlach 2016
4392:
4380:
4373:Gerlach 2016
4368:
4356:
4344:
4332:
4320:
4308:
4279:
4267:
4255:
4243:
4231:
4219:
4192:
4185:Gerlach 2016
4180:
4168:
4146:Bartov 2023b
4124:
4112:
4100:
4088:
4076:
4064:
4052:
4045:Gerlach 2016
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3934:Gerlach 2016
3914:
3902:
3895:Gerlach 2016
3890:
3878:
3866:
3859:Gerlach 2016
3844:Gerlach 2016
3822:
3815:Gerlach 2016
3810:
3803:Gerlach 2016
3798:
3791:Gerlach 2016
3786:
3779:Gerlach 2016
3774:
3767:Gerlach 2016
3762:
3755:Gerlach 2016
3750:
3743:Gerlach 2016
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3701:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3658:Gerlach 2016
3653:
3641:
3629:
3622:Gerlach 2016
3617:
3610:Gerlach 2016
3605:
3598:Gerlach 2016
3593:
3586:Gerlach 2016
3581:
3574:Gerlach 2016
3569:
3557:
3550:Gerlach 2016
3530:
3508:Gerlach 2016
3503:
3476:
3471:, p. 7.
3464:
3457:Gerlach 2016
3437:
3430:Bloxham 2009
3425:
3413:
3401:
3394:Gerlach 2016
3374:
3362:
3350:
3343:Gerlach 2016
3321:
3314:Gerlach 2016
3309:
3297:
3290:Bloxham 2009
3270:
3258:
3246:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3164:Gerlach 2016
3159:
3152:Bartov 2023b
3147:
3140:Bloxham 2009
3135:
3128:Bloxham 2009
3123:
3094:
3072:Gerlach 2016
3067:
3055:
3048:Bartov 2023b
3043:
3036:Gerlach 2016
3031:
3019:
3007:
3000:Bartov 2023b
2995:
2988:Gerlach 2016
2983:
2976:Gerlach 2016
2971:
2959:
2947:
2940:Gilbert 2015
2935:
2928:Gerlach 2016
2923:
2918:, p. 4.
2911:
2906:, p. 2.
2899:
2887:
2860:
2848:
2826:Gerlach 2016
2821:
2790:
2767:Gerlach 2016
2746:
2735:Bloxham 2009
2711:Bartrop 2019
2703:Jackson 2021
2685:
2682:Bartov 2023a
2677:
2660:
2640:
2629:
2613:human rights
2605:
2564:Scott Straus
2556:
2531:nationalized
2519:an agreement
2512:
2504:
2486:West Germany
2471:
2456:
2421:
2394:
2383:
2363:
2355:
2272:
2268:
2232:
2205:, primarily
2196:
2191:Auschwitz II
2166:
2155:
2130:BBC services
2127:
2108:family camps
2093:
2089:
2081:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2024:
2021:in Auschwitz
1983:Forced labor
1969:Vichy France
1961:
1941:
1932:
1898:Finnish Jews
1868:had already
1851:
1826:from Belgium
1822:
1818:
1751:
1739:
1710:Order Police
1706:Trawniki men
1703:
1690:black market
1686:
1552:October 1941
1467:Trawniki men
1456:
1451:
1450:. Many died
1440:
1420:gas chambers
1395:
1390:
1355:
1341:after Japan
1328:, plans for
1319:
1305:Order Police
1300:
1298:
1266:Transnistria
1255:
1235:buried alive
1231:
1203:in Lithuania
1199:death squads
1194:
1181:
1179:
1153:
1148:Lviv pogroms
1111:
1092:
1053:
1041:
1021:Nazi ghettos
1018:
1014:
991:
943:
883:
852:
830:
828:
796:
777:
754:
747:free of Jews
743:
736:
719:
696:
669:(1938), and
651:
641:. The Nazis
603:
568:
565:Adolf Hitler
545:its ideology
538:
484:
414:
400:View of the
381:
377:
357:
349:
347:
313:
294:
266:seized power
255:
251:other groups
246:
199:Nazi Germany
182:
181:
167:Nazi Germany
163:Perpetrators
103:Soviet Union
86:gas chambers
74:Auschwitz II
60:World War II
47:
27060:Definitions
26742:Bodenplatte
26628:Gothic Line
25854:West Africa
25401:Philippines
25380:Netherlands
25245:Czech lands
25183:Switzerland
25127:Afghanistan
25078:Philippines
24946:Puerto Rico
24862:Philippines
24848:New Zealand
24834:Netherlands
24787:Free France
24538:Prosecution
24339:Osoaviakhim
24209:West Africa
24193:East Africa
23840:Conferences
23666:(2014–2017)
23654:(2014–2017)
23648:(2013–2016)
23586:(1992–1996)
23548:(1975–1979)
23542:(1975–1990)
23448:(1948–1980)
23394:(1945–1989)
23388:(1945–1989)
23382:(1941–1945)
23376:(1939–1945)
23364:(1936–1975)
23349:legislation
23314:(1917–1990)
23308:(1915–1923)
23302:(1914–1924)
23283:(1912–1913)
23271:(1862–1877)
23253:(1857–1858)
23247:(1789–1801)
23235:(1683–1922)
23229:(1673–1829)
23223:(1609–1614)
23217:(1562–1598)
23211:(1561–1812)
23205:(1526–1791)
23199:(1522–1712)
23193:(1500–1526)
23169:(1184–1908)
23167:Inquisition
23078:Segregation
23043:Intolerance
22983:Desecration
22925:Neopaganism
22918:Persecution
22879:Persecution
22862:Persecution
22825:Catholicism
22608:Anti-racism
22349:Middle East
22243:South Korea
22238:North Korea
22153:Hate speech
22075:Substantive
22055:Neocolonial
21913:Strasserism
21575:de Gobineau
21550:Chamberlain
21416:Politicians
21403:Volkskörper
21306:Master race
21276:Prussianism
21224:Nationalism
21179:Imperialism
21120:Corporatism
19904:1950s–1960s
19676:(1944–1945)
19560:(1941–1945)
19309: [
19238: [
19148:(1918–1920)
19120:Lwów pogrom
19088:Lwów pogrom
19032:Kiev pogrom
18933:(1881–1884)
18823:Mawza Exile
18809:(1648–1657)
18649:(1348–1350)
18637:(1336–1339)
18583:(1189–1190)
18177:Middle Ages
18086:Mesopotamia
17462:(occultist)
17426:(secretary)
17290:(2023–2024)
17258:(2020–2021)
17205:(1999–2015)
17197:(1997–2022)
17189:(1994–2015)
17179:(2011–2017)
17171:(2008–2016)
17163:(2002–2006)
17155:(1993–2017)
17147:(1993–2007)
17139:(1946–1948)
17123:(1946–1948)
17113:Budak trial
17084:Finta trial
17070:(1965–1966)
17062:(1964–1970)
17054:(1963–1989)
17046:(1963–1965)
17030:(1961–1962)
17006:(1946–1949)
16998:(1946–1948)
16990:(1946–1948)
16982:(1946–1953)
16974:(1946–1947)
16958:(1945–1946)
16956:Minsk trial
16950:(1945–1946)
16942:(1945–1949)
16934:(1945–1948)
16926:(1945–1947)
16918:(1945–2001)
16910:(1944–1989)
16902:(1944–1951)
16872:(1943–2022)
16778:Definitions
16428:(2014–2017)
16420:(2014–2017)
16412:(2011–2023)
16387:(2002–2003)
16356:(1996–1997)
16331:(1992–1995)
16323:(1991–2003)
16307:(1987–2002)
16299:(1987–1989)
16291:(1986–1989)
16275:(1983–1987)
16273:Gukurahundi
16267:(1983–2009)
16251:(1977–1997)
16243:(1975–1979)
16235:(1974–1999)
16198:(1970–2003)
16196:Feyli Kurds
16190:(1966–1970)
16166:(1962–1996)
16158:(1956–1989)
16119:(1944–1948)
16111:(1944–1948)
16103:(1943–1945)
16095:(1942–1945)
16079:(1941–1945)
16071:(1941–1945)
16063:(1941–1945)
16055:(1941–1945)
16047:(1940–1942)
16039:(1939–1945)
16031:(1937–1938)
16015:(1937–1938)
15991:(1932–1933)
15975:(1930–1933)
15967:(1929–1932)
15959:(1926–1973)
15927:(1919–1933)
15919:(1918–1931)
15911:(1916–1917)
15901:(1916–1934)
15885:(1915–1917)
15877:(1915–1919)
15852:(1913–1922)
15812:(1912–1913)
15797:(1905–1907)
15789:(1904–1907)
15781:(1894–1896)
15765:(1888–1893)
15757:(1879–1913)
15747:Circassians
15741:(1850–1864)
15707:(1846–1873)
15699:(1830–1850)
15691:(1830–1847)
15658:(1869–1977)
15650:(1825–1832)
15635:(1785–2017)
15601:(1874–1996)
15578:(1648–1657)
15570:(1640–1649)
15562:(1636–1638)
15530:(1548–1872)
15506:(1492–1514)
15475:(1402–1496)
15467:(1393–1394)
15451:(1209–1229)
15435:(1069–1070)
15371:Before 1490
15080:Pogulianski
14650:Ludwig Hahn
14605:Paul Blobel
14585:Rudolf Batz
14520:Arthur Nebe
14490:Horst Böhme
14318:Geli Raubal
14162:Perceptions
13963:Wolf's Lair
13634:New Zealand
13386:Segregation
13294:Persecution
13266:Radio Islam
13072:Blood libel
13067:Blood curse
12840:Middle Ages
12686:Core topics
12628:Never again
12459:(Action T4)
12385:Remembrance
12170:Homosexuals
12140:Soviet POWs
12068:Częstochowa
11616:Gas chamber
11427:Ravensbrück
11368:Gross-Rosen
11363:Flossenbürg
11246:Philippines
11178:Yugoslavia
11137:Netherlands
11065:Sudetenland
9523:Works cited
8167:Bergen 2016
7684:Bergen 2016
7078:. Detroit:
6274:(in French)
6271:Le Parisien
5531:Bergen 2016
5209:Bergen 2016
4006:Bergen 2016
3728:29 November
3212:Bergen 2016
2952:Bergen 2016
2651:Omer Bartov
2501:Reparations
2378:Alex J. Kay
2013:Ostarbeiter
2009:Woman with
1742:was cleared
1699:Polish Jews
1631:gas chamber
1629:Stationary
1603:gas chamber
1601:Stationary
1575:gas chamber
1573:Stationary
1547:gas chamber
1545:Stationary
1078:project to
829:The German
773:Reichsmarks
699:German Jews
667:Sudetenland
509:and lost a
499:World War I
440:small towns
420:Middle Ages
324:reparations
169:along with
131:mass murder
118:Attack type
27192:Categories
27111:Quotations
26842:West Hunan
26675:Pointblank
26011:Silver Fox
25997:Summer War
25750:Winter War
25729:Phoney War
25510:Azerbaijan
25471:Yugoslavia
25366:Luxembourg
25208:Resistance
24955:Yugoslavia
24820:Luxembourg
24622:Sook Ching
24418:War crimes
24020:Technology
24013:Opposition
23955:Lend-Lease
23932:Australian
23925:Home front
23883:Blitzkrieg
23833:Casualties
23824:Commanders
23796:Operations
23163:(643–1526)
23038:Iconoclasm
23033:Hate crime
22963:Censorship
22852:Falun Gong
22487:Vietnamese
22260:Arab world
22158:Hate group
22148:Hate crime
22085:Xenophobia
22065:Scientific
22050:Linguistic
21621:Atrocities
21536:Ideologues
21371:Syncretism
21296:Aryan race
21271:Propaganda
21219:Militarism
21200:Lebensraum
21163:Geopolitik
21089:Chauvinism
20977:Neo-Nazism
20817:Nazi Party
19761:Kunmadaras
19170:Justingrad
18678:Strasbourg
18332:New Yishuv
18320:Resistance
17885:Israelites
17735:Karl Hanke
17622:(mistress)
17616:(daughter)
17492:Lebensborn
17438:(adjutant)
17418:Karl Wolff
16964:Riga trial
16815:Prevention
16760:Indigenous
16675:Incitement
16543:Gendercide
16504:Classicide
16497:Politicide
16458:Gaza Strip
16233:East Timor
16204:Bangladesh
16164:Guatemalan
16085:Sook Ching
15981:La Matanza
15705:California
15417:Bar Kokhba
15108:Ninth Fort
14952:Lithuanian
14940:Belarusian
14927:Non-German
14660:Karl Jäger
14535:Otto Rasch
14505:Heinz Jost
14141:belongings
14032:Kampfhäusl
13953:Tannenberg
13948:Felsennest
13943:Anlage Süd
13938:Adlerhorst
13891:Places of
13800:in English
13789:Mein Kampf
13511:Costa Rica
13474:Arab world
13458:Yad Vashem
13381:Refuseniks
13344:Jewish hat
13317:Expulsions
13284:Stormfront
12992:Xenophobia
12942:in English
12931:Mein Kampf
12913:Żydokomuna
12743:Propaganda
12617:Yad Vashem
12597:Uniqueness
12452:Nisko Plan
12225:Nazi Party
12033:Resistance
12003:Ninth Fort
11868:Vel' d'Hiv
11640:Nazi units
11578:Westerbork
11568:Amersfoort
11422:Neuengamme
11403:Mauthausen
11383:Kaiserwald
11353:Buchenwald
11132:Luxembourg
10679:28 January
10177:Stone, Dan
9827:1041397012
9735:Yad Vashem
9488:Stone 2010
9424:Stone 2010
9412:Stone 2010
9062:Stone 2010
8882:Hayes 2010
8838:Hayes 2010
8810:Hayes 2010
8759:Hayes 2010
8561:Beorn 2018
8549:Beorn 2018
8434:Stone 2023
8422:Stone 2023
8152:Beorn 2018
8087:C. H. Beck
7993:Stone 2020
7816:Beorn 2018
7780:Beorn 2018
7565:Evans 2019
7541:Beorn 2018
7529:Beorn 2018
7517:Beorn 2018
7457:Beorn 2018
7445:Beorn 2018
7346:Beorn 2018
7310:Beorn 2018
7095:12 January
6750:Beorn 2020
6651:Beorn 2018
6615:Beorn 2018
6365:Stone 2010
6329:Stone 2010
6216:Welch 2020
6127:Engel 2020
5965:Beorn 2018
5606:Stone 2010
5422:Beorn 2018
5395:Beorn 2018
5341:Beorn 2018
5233:Evans 2019
5221:Beorn 2018
5197:Beorn 2018
5158:Beorn 2018
5038:Stone 2010
4910:Beorn 2018
4893:Beorn 2018
4857:Beorn 2018
4845:Beorn 2018
4758:Beorn 2018
4742:Beorn 2020
4565:Beorn 2018
4493:Beorn 2018
4445:Beorn 2018
4409:Beorn 2018
4349:Miron 2020
4313:Engel 2020
4301:Miron 2020
4284:Miron 2020
4272:Miron 2020
4260:Miron 2020
4248:Beorn 2018
4236:Miron 2020
4224:Beorn 2018
4212:Beorn 2018
4197:Beorn 2018
4173:Beorn 2018
4129:Beorn 2018
4117:Beorn 2018
4081:Beorn 2018
3982:Beorn 2018
3958:Beorn 2018
3946:Beorn 2018
3919:Hayes 2017
3907:Beorn 2018
3883:Beorn 2018
3871:Beorn 2018
3496:Beorn 2018
3442:Stone 2020
3418:Beorn 2018
3379:Stone 2020
3367:Stone 2020
3326:Beorn 2018
3302:Beorn 2018
3275:Stone 2010
3263:Beorn 2018
3251:Evans 2019
3239:Stone 2010
3224:Stone 2020
3200:Beorn 2018
3188:Stone 2020
3176:Beorn 2018
3116:Weitz 2010
3099:Beorn 2018
3087:Weitz 2010
3060:Weitz 2010
3024:Beorn 2018
3012:Beorn 2018
2964:Weitz 2010
2916:Beorn 2018
2880:Stone 2023
2814:References
2759:Engel 2021
2731:Stone 2010
2723:Hayes 2015
2715:Beorn 2018
2699:Engel 2021
2695:Stone 2023
2691:Smith 2023
2686:imaginaire
2282:Death toll
2185:Jews from
2146:the Allies
1922:Auschwitz
1882:Yugoslavia
1862:from March
1860:to Poland
1608:April 1942
1512:Wartheland
1410:of Lublin
1207:in Belarus
1118:commissars
1044:was common
1019:The first
1002:Hans Frank
911:Luxembourg
867:Wartheland
761:synagogues
721:Mischlinge
675:propaganda
659:rearmament
570:Lebensraum
541:Nazi Party
436:assimilate
392:Background
221:, chiefly
147:hate crime
143:poison gas
27162:Resources
27145:Textbooks
26907:Manchuria
26793:Indochina
26569:Bagration
26020:Lithuania
25665:Anschluss
25462:Viet Minh
25359:Lithuania
25301:Hong Kong
25071:Manchukuo
25026:Azad Hind
24685:Australia
24485:Aftermath
24348:Paperclip
24243:Aftermath
24043:Total war
23911:Diplomacy
23874:In Europe
23514:Four Olds
23227:Test Acts
23093:Terrorism
22935:Rastafari
22884:Ahmadiyya
22668:Race card
22603:Alt-right
22403:Argentina
22364:Palestine
22282:Australia
22108:Apartheid
22096:of racism
21630:Action T4
21600:Rosenberg
21580:Haushofer
21525:Streicher
21311:Nordicism
21256:New Order
20947:Anschluss
20743:Ahnenerbe
20432:2010–2019
20385:2004–2009
20207:2000–2009
19739:1946–1999
19460:Szczuczyn
19432:Bucharest
19329:1938–1945
19205:Proskurov
19163:Radomyshl
19080:The Tritl
19000:1900–1937
18799:1600–1899
18611:1300–1599
18498:1000–1299
18477:(614–617)
18469:(351–352)
18461:(132–136)
18394:Massacres
18227:Byzantium
18125:Sanhedrin
18029:Kitos War
17847:Languages
17815:Overviews
17761:(dentist)
17487:Ahnenerbe
16753:Cambodian
16746:Holodomor
16638:Massacres
16522:Ethnocide
16511:Eliticide
16241:Cambodian
15989:Holodomor
15883:Armenians
15875:Assyrians
15648:Black War
15536:Huguenots
15419:(132–136)
15402:(50s BCE)
15386:(146 BCE)
15354:Genocides
15229:Drohobycz
15159:AB-Aktion
15100:Lithuania
14956:Ukrainian
14735:Franz Six
14270:Eva Braun
14139:Personal
14120:Paintings
14090:Bodyguard
14075:Sexuality
13932:Vorbunker
13893:residence
13795:in Arabic
13676:Venezuela
13491:Australia
13486:Argentina
13467:By region
13396:Expulsion
13256:Metapedia
13251:Jew Watch
12937:in Arabic
12703:Geography
12698:Economics
12575:Education
12470:Aftermath
12382:Aftermath
12344:Trawnikis
12268:Wehrmacht
12263:Waffen-SS
12063:Białystok
11891:Bucharest
11863:Marseille
11740:Elsewhere
11701:Białystok
11513:Breendonk
11490:Treblinka
11343:Auschwitz
11127:Lithuania
10919:256347577
10911:2031-4183
10745:ignored (
10735:cite book
10674:229432191
10141:151138604
9791:Routledge
9566:(2023a).
9546:Routledge
9340:cite book
9233:(3): 32.
8367:2375-2548
8284:0014-3006
8121:Routledge
7945:Dean 2020
6981:Dean 2020
6969:Dean 2020
6957:Dean 2020
6933:Dean 2020
6897:Dean 2020
6873:Dean 2020
6786:Dean 2020
5700:0160-9327
5680:Endeavour
2751:King 2023
2621:Apartheid
2585:memorials
2350: Low
2228:destroyed
1928:Solahütte
1780:Glubokoje
1776:Białystok
1681:Treblinka
1589:Treblinka
1524:July 1941
1489:Location
1471:Treblinka
1463:Treblinka
1424:Aktion T4
1309:Waffen-SS
1247:Białystok
1220:, Belarus
1164:Lithuania
946:Aktion T4
875:resettled
832:Wehrmacht
820:free city
604:Amidst a
553:modernity
358:Holocaust
350:Holocaust
348:The term
290:were shot
247:Holocaust
227:Treblinka
112:1941–1945
27018:Category
26967:document
26877:document
26734:Ardennes
26718:Budapest
26666:Crossbow
26544:Overlord
26383:Smolensk
25601:Timeline
25436:Slovakia
25422:Thailand
25273:Ethiopia
25238:Bulgaria
25162:Portugal
25100:Thailand
24982:Bulgaria
24760:Eswatini
24753:Ethiopia
24706:Bulgaria
24531:Unit 731
24492:Response
24309:Keelhaul
24259:Cold War
24232:Americas
24223:timeline
24216:Atlantic
24096:Theaters
23730:Religion
23251:Utah War
23121:(64–313)
23098:Violence
22988:Domicide
22940:Yazidism
22857:Hinduism
22815:Buddhism
22796:By group
22723:Category
22638:Lynching
22613:Casteism
22458:Japanese
22317:Portugal
22248:Thailand
22216:Zimbabwe
22080:Symbolic
22070:Societal
22060:Romantic
22025:Gendered
22005:Cultural
21995:Colorism
21990:Aversive
21936:Category
21875:Glossary
21590:von List
21545:Baeumler
21480:Goebbels
21465:Heydrich
21445:Eichmann
21301:Aryanism
21266:Populism
21156:Eugenics
21045:Ideology
21008:Genocide
20619:Nahal Oz
20612:Kissufim
20605:Kfar Aza
20329:Istanbul
19523:Babi Yar
19488:Jedwabne
18895:Allahdad
18485:(628 CE)
18400:against
18347:See also
18232:Crusades
18220:Kairouan
18145:Savoraim
18071:Carthage
18048:Diaspora
17867:Timeline
17660:Military
17582:Hegewald
16718:Armenian
16585:Domicide
16564:Policide
16536:Eugenics
16481:Democide
16450:Rohingya
16101:Volhynia
15925:Cossacks
15771:Selk'nam
15633:Chechens
15625:Dzungars
15552:Lameyans
15544:Kalinago
15514:(1500s–)
15473:Guanches
15408:Eburones
15394:(88 BCE)
15346:Genocide
15219:Babi Yar
15193:Slovakia
14964:Kommando
14944:Estonian
14448:Director
14383:Category
14308:(sister)
14284:(mother)
14278:(father)
14237:Downfall
13783:Prophecy
13778:Speeches
13738:Politics
13644:Pakistan
13578:Imperial
13355:Judensau
13312:Boycotts
13271:Redwatch
13261:Podblanc
13124:May Laws
13083:Judensau
12787:Timeline
12755:Three Ds
12738:Americas
12560:Academia
12013:Piaśnica
11983:Babi Yar
11911:Jedwabne
11850:Roundups
11783:Judenrat
11747:Budapest
11518:Mechelen
11480:Majdanek
11437:Stutthof
11398:Majdanek
11293:by Poles
11251:Portugal
11229:Response
11220:Timeline
11198:Overview
11060:Slovakia
11047:Bulgaria
10887:(2021).
10228:(2015).
10179:(2010).
10151:(2023).
10088:(2015).
10035:(2000).
10008:(2000).
9981:(2010).
9953:(2021).
9900:(2015).
9884:(2017).
9858:(2016).
9811:(1968).
9783:(2021).
9755:(2016).
9723:(2004).
9672:(2009).
9646:(2016).
9620:(2018).
9538:(2019).
9463:(2003).
9387:(2021).
9292:(1998).
9030:(1999).
8945:(2021).
8866:Bazyler
8850:Bazyler
8822:Bazyler
8463:12 April
8410:Kay 2021
8385:30613773
8316:11 April
8292:41442658
8079:(2023).
7969:Kay 2021
7957:Kay 2021
7894:Kay 2021
7618:28 April
7215:(2001).
7144:Polityka
6473:Kay 2021
6043:Kay 2021
5941:Kay 2021
5803:Kay 2021
5779:Kay 2021
5743:Kay 2021
5718:26749461
5582:Kay 2021
5558:Kay 2021
5440:, p. 280
5305:Kay 2021
4754:Kay 2021
4718:Kay 2021
4706:Kay 2021
4652:Kay 2021
4625:Kay 2021
4601:Kay 2021
4541:Kay 2021
4093:Kay 2021
4069:Kay 2021
4057:Kay 2021
4018:Kay 2021
3994:Kay 2021
2763:Kay 2021
2558:scholar
2386:Majdanek
2344: 20
2338: 30
2332: 40
2326: 50
2320: 60
2314: 70
2308: 80
2302: 90
2207:Salonica
2134:a report
2051:military
1997:Jews of
1967:such as
1900:and the
1856:, which
1801:Würzburg
1755:Volhynia
1520:Gas vans
1457:Belzec,
1452:en route
1436:Zyklon B
1392:Gas vans
1218:Rozhanka
1156:Red Army
1070:for the
1035:Judenrat
935:civilian
888:, which
784:Shanghai
665:(1938),
657:such as
530:Austrian
442:, spoke
426:, which
187:genocide
185:was the
123:Genocide
101:and the
94:Location
82:selected
58:Part of
26944:Shumshu
26711:Hungary
26658:Estonia
26642:Lapland
26620:Dragoon
26553:Neptune
26535:Ichi-Go
26501:Tempest
26443:Changde
26398:Cottage
26290:Jubilee
26006:Finland
25904:Compass
25610:Prelude
25563:Finland
25449:Vietnam
25415:Romania
25287:Germany
25266:Estonia
25252:Denmark
25231:Belgium
25224:Austria
25217:Albania
25148:Ireland
25134:Andorra
25118:Neutral
25085:Romania
25019:Hungary
25004:Finland
24876:Romania
24768:Finland
24746:Denmark
24692:Belgium
24678:Algeria
24384:Romania
24370:Hungary
24126:Pacific
23850:General
23804:Leaders
23789:Battles
23782:Outline
23484:(1963)
23241:(1700s)
22956:Methods
22913:Judaism
22899:Sunnism
22889:Shi'ism
22805:Atheism
22733:Commons
22643:Passing
22598:Ableism
22521:Mexican
22441:Chinese
22337:Ukraine
22302:Germany
22292:Denmark
22253:Vietnam
21870:Economy
21837:Related
21829:Economy
21665:Germany
21663:Outside
21605:Schmitt
21490:Lammers
21470:Himmler
21440:Drexler
21430:Daluege
21425:Bormann
21251:New Man
21028:Pogroms
21013:Ghettos
20849:History
20654:Yakhini
20522:(2019)
19847:Djerada
19840:Tripoli
19768:Miskolc
19551:Rumbula
19509:Tykocin
19439:Antwerp
19300:(1936)
19184:Zviahel
18453:(66–73)
18398:pogroms
18295:Zionism
18140:Amoraim
18135:Tannaim
17857:Schisms
17482:Gestapo
17282:(2023–)
17274:(2022–)
17266:(2022–)
17250:(2019–)
17242:(2012–)
17234:(2005–)
16739:Rwandan
16732:Bosnian
16725:Serbian
16652:Pogroms
16595:Methods
16460:(2023–)
16452:(2017–)
16444:(2014–)
16436:(2014–)
16426:Yazidis
16395:(2003–)
16346:Rwandan
16329:Bosnian
16321:Ahwaris
16315:(1990–)
16283:(1985–)
16211:Burundi
15973:Kazakhs
15763:Hazaras
15749:(1860s)
15739:Manchus
15731:Moriori
15723:Charrúa
15627:(1750s)
15591:Beothuk
15560:Pequots
15522:(1500–)
15465:Assyria
15449:Cathars
15262:Records
15211:Ukraine
15085:Rumbula
15075:Jelgava
15039:Estonia
15011:Belarus
14948:Latvian
13958:Werwolf
13912:Berghof
13664:History
13600:Ukraine
13568:Romania
13553:Hungary
13543:Germany
13526:Belgium
13521:Austria
13376:Pogroms
12708:History
12693:Canards
12587:Lessons
12023:Rumbula
11896:Dorohoi
11877:Pogroms
11829:Victims
11679:Ghettos
11611:Gas van
11599:Methods
11573:Schoorl
11551:Bolzano
11499:Transit
11485:Sobibor
11475:Chełmno
11442:Vaivara
11378:Hinzert
11323:ghettos
11276:Vatican
11182:Croatia
11172:Ukraine
11162:Belarus
11152:Romania
11104:Hungary
11087:Germany
11077:Estonia
11072:Denmark
11042:Belgium
11037:Austria
11032:Albania
10506:(ed.).
9511:30 June
8376:6314819
8347:Bibcode
5709:4822534
2589:museums
2521:to pay
2397:Gilbert
2136:by the
2046:lapanka
1999:Mogilev
1811:of the
1807:to the
1805:Germany
1759:Podolia
1677:Sobibor
1561:Sobibor
1516:150,000
1507:Chełmno
1475:Sobibor
1459:Sobibor
1400:Chełmno
1095:ghettos
996:in the
985:in the
907:Belgium
663:Austria
444:Yiddish
402:Pegnitz
332:culture
282:ghettos
239:Chełmno
235:Sobibor
209:across
193:during
26921:Debate
26893:Taipei
26886:Borneo
26464:Tarawa
25658:Europe
25619:Africa
25408:Poland
25394:Norway
25373:Malaya
25352:Latvia
25294:Greece
25280:France
25176:Sweden
25141:Bhutan
24869:Poland
24855:Norway
24827:Mexico
24794:Greece
24780:France
24718:Canada
24699:Brazil
24669:Allies
24615:Serbia
24604:Poland
24377:Poland
24363:Baltic
24156:Europe
23858:Topics
23810:Allied
23713:(2024)
23702:(2023)
23696:(2020)
23690:(2019)
23684:(2019)
23642:(2011)
23624:(2002)
23618:(2001)
23612:(2000)
23606:(2000)
23598:(1999)
23592:(1995)
23574:(1990)
23566:(1989)
23554:(1984)
23530:(1971)
23522:(1966)
23516:(1966)
23502:(1963)
23496:(1963)
23490:(1963)
23478:(1955)
23466:(1950)
23442:(1948)
23418:(1947)
23412:(1946)
23406:(1946)
23400:(1946)
23370:(1933)
23358:(1924)
23277:(1909)
23265:(1864)
23259:(1860)
23175:(1191)
23157:(1099)
23151:(1096)
23112:Events
23048:Pogrom
22894:Sufism
22565:Slavic
22560:Romani
22555:Muslim
22528:Jewish
22475:Korean
22436:Asians
22408:Brazil
22391:Mexico
22381:Canada
22369:Turkey
22359:Israel
22322:Russia
22312:Poland
22297:France
22287:Europe
22206:Africa
22040:Patent
22020:Formal
22000:Covert
21976:Racism
21858:Cinema
21839:topics
21824:Cinema
21595:Müller
21565:Eckart
21485:Göring
21475:Hitler
21435:Dönitz
21281:Racism
21234:Racial
21172:Heimat
20783:NSDStB
20725:Nazism
20679:(2024)
20671:(2023)
20633:Nir Oz
20584:Be'eri
20565:(2022)
20557:(2021)
20538:(2019)
20530:(2019)
20514:(2018)
20506:(2017)
20498:(2016)
20490:(2015)
20482:(2014)
20474:(2014)
20466:(2014)
20458:(2012)
20450:(2012)
20442:(2011)
20419:(2008)
20411:(2006)
20403:(2004)
20395:(2004)
20183:(1997)
20175:(1997)
20167:(1996)
20159:(1995)
20151:(1994)
20143:(1994)
20135:(1991)
20127:(1990)
20104:(1989)
20096:(1986)
20088:(1985)
20080:(1982)
20072:(1981)
20064:(1981)
20056:(1980)
20048:(1980)
20025:(1979)
20017:(1978)
20009:(1975)
20001:(1974)
19993:(1974)
19985:(1972)
19977:(1972)
19969:(1970)
19946:(1968)
19938:(1967)
19930:(1956)
19922:(1954)
19914:(1952)
19818:Manama
19811:Aleppo
19754:Kielce
19530:Odessa
19502:Ponary
19495:Farhud
19481:Wąsosz
19319:(1937)
19292:(1936)
19284:(1934)
19276:(1934)
19268:(1931)
19260:(1929)
19252:(1929)
19244:(1927)
19229:(1921)
19198:Fastov
19122:(1918)
19114:(1918)
19106:(1917)
19098:(1917)
19090:(1914)
19082:(1912)
19074:(1910)
19066:(1906)
19058:(1906)
19050:(1905)
19042:(1905)
19034:(1905)
19026:(1903)
19018:(1903)
19010:(1902)
18980:(1898)
18972:(1891)
18948:Warsaw
18921:(1871)
18913:(1859)
18905:(1840)
18897:(1839)
18889:(1838)
18881:(1834)
18873:(1834)
18865:(1821)
18857:(1819)
18849:(1805)
18841:(1790)
18833:(1768)
18825:(1679)
18817:(1660)
18790:(1536)
18782:(1517)
18774:(1517)
18766:(1506)
18758:(1484)
18750:(1478)
18742:(1474)
18734:(1473)
18726:(1465)
18718:(1401)
18710:(1391)
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