1177:). Each hut has a specific function, such as acting as a kitchen or a lounge. Also shona architecture consist of drystone walling that goes back to the ancestors of mordern day shona people also kalanga and venda peoples. This drystone walling consist drystone walls, drystone walled stairs on hill tops and free standing drystone walls known as great Zimbabwe type drystone walling examples great Zimbabwe, chisvingo. Then there are additional types of drystone walling that the shona people did in Rozvi state that is platform terraces drystone walling.In what is the eastern province of Zimbabwe there is ziwa type drystone walling with cattle crawls for an indigenous Africa species of cattle still exist today and underground homes with drystone walled varandas.
1290:. At times God uses natural phenomena and the environment to communicate with his people. Some of the chosen people have powers to prophecy, heal and bless. People can also communicate with God directly through prayer. Deaths are not losses but a promotion to the stage where they can represent the living through the clan spirits. When someone dies, according to Shona religion, they join the spiritual world. In the spiritual world, they can enjoy their afterlife or become bad spirits. No one wants to be a bad spirit, so during life, people are guided by a culture of
1591:
315:
1393:
1195:. Beef is found to be a staple in shona peoples diet due to cattle rearing being very prominent in Zimbabwe. Historically, the wealthy royals would be able to eat beef on a regular (more than three times a week), usually dried; and commoners would eat beef at least once a week, also dried. Cattle was a priced resource, normally reserved for other products like milk. Preserved milk was consumed with sadza, at the time made by sorghum. At present, beef is consumed normally mixed with greens, kale being the most commonly used.
424:
384:
1056:
364:
1401:
finaly put a stop to the abusive dehumanizing subhuuman archtype the indegenous natives where forced into that many raciialy affiliated rhodies also other foreigners claim that it as a eurasain people like the sena and lemba wwho belt these stone walled settlements saying the indigenes where subhman and where not capable of accompletioning such basic human archivements. Shona people again do not have Mn'R eurasion DNA proven by canon medical genetics.
344:
641:
66:
404:
25:
2049:
2077:
245:
1209:
168:
1150:. During the 1950s, Zimbabwean artists began carving stone sculptures for sale to European art collectors; these sculptures quickly became popular and were bought and exhibited at art museums around the world. Many of the sculptures depict the transformation of spirits into animals or vice versa, and some are more abstract. Many Zimbabwean artists carve wood and stone to sell to tourists.
1306:
939:
groups of Shona developed among dispersed tribes over a long period of time, and further groups of immigrants have contributed to this diversity. Although "standard" Shona is spoken throughout
Zimbabwe, dialects help identify a speaker's town or village. Each Shona dialect is specific to a sub-group.
1407:
Alonso A.Andelinovic S.Martin P.Sutlovic D.Erceg I.Huffine E.de Simon L. F.Albrran C.Definis-Gojanovic M.Fernandez-Rodriguez A.Garcia P.Drmic I.Rezic B.Kuret S.Sancho M.Primorac D2001 "DNA Typing from
Skeletal Remains: Evaluation of Multiplex and Megaplex STR Systems on DNA Isolated from
1375:
which means 'marry or have a relationship with someone that you know'. However, as a result of colonisation, urban areas and migration resulted in people mixing and others having relationships of convenience with people they do not know. This results in unwanted pregnancies and also unwanted babies
1101:. The mbira is played at religious and secular gatherings, and different mbiras have different purposes. The 22–24-key mbira dzavadzimu is used to summon spirits, and the 15-key Mbira Nyunga Nyunga is taught from primary school to university. Shona music also uses percussion instruments such as the
1362:
by colonial missionaries and anthropologists; a term which neglects the organizational system) are a system of identifying clans and sub-clans, which are named after and signified by emblems, commonly indigenous animals or animal body parts. Mitupo (the plural of Mutupo singular) have been used by
1400:
shona people like most bantu speaking groups in southern africa and central africa do not have a eurasian DNA neither archaic nor ofrescent erasian DNA. Genetics and haplroups helped in proving the rulers from mapungubwe ,great zimbabwe ,thulamela where purely african descent no eurasian DNA this
1142:, which re-emerged during the 1940s. Shona sculpture developed during the eleventh century and peaked in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, before beginning a slow decline until their mid-20th-century rediscovery. Most of the sculptures are made from sedimentary-stone (such as
1074:. The drums vary in size and shape, depending on the type of music they are accompanying. How they are played also depends on drum size and music type. Large drums are typically played with sticks, and smaller drums with an open palm; the small drum used for the '
1346:, Shona traditional religious beliefs are still present across the country. A small number of the population practice the Muslim faith, often brought about by immigrants from predominantly Malawi who practice Islam. There is also a small population of Jews.
982:
The Ndau dialect, which is somewhat mutually intelligible with the main Shona dialects, has click sounds which do not occur in standard Shona. Ndau has a wealth of Nguni words as a result of the Gaza Nguni occupation of their ancestral land in the 19th
1320:
Historically, colonialists and anthropologists wanted to undermine the Shona religion in favour of
Christianity. Initially, they stated that Shona did not have a God. They denigrated the way the Shona had communicated with their God
1363:
the Shona people since the Shona culture developed. They have provided a function in avoiding incest, and also build solidarity and identity. It could be compared to heraldry in
European culture. There are more than 25
1329:
among the Shona. The chosen people were treated as unholy and Shona prayer was labelled as pagan. When compared with
Christianity, the Shona religious perspective of afterlife, holiness, worship and rules of life
1298:, which often lasts all night, summons spirits for guidance and intercession. Shona religion teaches that the only ones who can communicate with both the living and God are the ancestral spirits, or
1380:. This phenomenon has resulted in numerous challenges for communities but also for the children who lack part of their identity. It is, however, possible for a child to be adopted and receive
921:
fought the remnants of the kingdom of Mutapa until 1911. The Shona people were also a part of the Bantu migration where they are one of the largest Bantu ethnic groups in sub
Saharan Africa.
882:
Brother succeeded brother in the dynasties, leading to civil wars which were exploited by the
Portuguese during the 16th century. The kings ruled a number of chiefs, sub-chiefs and headmen.
1371:
help create a strong identity for children but it serves another function of ensuring that people marry someone they know. In Shona this is explained by the proverb
1219:
1627:, citing Chebanne, Andy and Nthapelelang, Moemedi. 2000. The socio-linguistic survey of the Eastern Khoe in the Boteti and Makgadikgadi Pans areas of Botswana.
1153:
Pottery is also a traditionally practiced craft, with the storage and serving pots being the most decorative, contrasted with those used for cooking. In Shona
835:
266:
2130:
820:
2413:
1830:
2258:
958:
including Taυara, Shangwe, Korekore, Goυa, Budya, the
Korekore of Urungwe, the Korekore of Sipolilo, Tande, Nyongwe of "Darwin", and Pfungwe of Mrewa
214:
943:
In 1931, during his attempt to reconcile the dialects into a single standard Shona language, Clement Doke identified five groups and subdivisions:
1230:
2500:
798:
1006:, and after the Columbian Exchange, pumpkins; sorghum was also largely replaced by maize after the crop's introduction. The Shona also keep
951:
group, including Hungwe, Manyika themselves, Teυe, Unyama, Karombe, Nyamuka, Bunji, Domba, Nyatwe, Guta, Bvumba, Hera, aJindwi, and aBocha
889:
destroyed the weakened Rozvi Empire during the 1830s; the
Portuguese gradually encroached on the kingdom of Mutapa, which extended to the
1687:
1662:
1637:
1620:
1712:
253:
2123:
1906:
1721:
1355:
740:
2251:
816:
The Shona people are grouped according to the dialect of the language they speak. Their estimated population is 13.6 million:
2116:
130:
102:
2341:
2244:
1022:
Precolonial Shona states derived substantial revenue from the export of mining products, particularly gold and copper.
2139:
2013:
1893:
1804:
1760:
1248:
791:
291:
149:
52:
109:
1977:
1875:, mambo Press, Gwelo (Gweru) 1981; some sources write "whawha", misled by conventions of English words like "what".
2267:
1267:
965:
group, including
Shawasha, Haraυa, another Goυa, Nohwe, Njanja, Mbire, Nobvu, Vakwachikwakwa, Vakwazvimba, Tsunga
1834:
1078:
dance is played with a hand and a stick. The stick rubs, or scratches, the drum to produce a screeching sound.
87:
116:
2081:
1735:
83:
38:
1081:
The mbira has become a national instrument of sorts in Zimbabwe. It has a number of variants, including the
902:
784:
2064:
770:
98:
2428:
2408:
1435:
2102:
1971:
1043:.' These later evolved when the Shona people started trading for cloth with other groups, such as the
1799:
David N. Beach: The Shona and Zimbabwe 900–1850. Heinemann, London 1980 und Mambo Press, Gwelo 1980,
1139:
1035:
Traditional clothing were usually animal skins that covered the front and the back, and were called '
655:
1952:
2225:
1641:
906:
765:
193:
1223:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
2286:
1750:
1480:
995:
258:
76:
2438:
2433:
2377:
2200:
1964:
708:
210:
2490:
2457:
Rev. Dr. L. Kadenge. Death and Mourning among the Zezuru.Beyond Today Publishers: Harare,2020
2027:
1752:
Perspectives Des Études Africaines Contemporaines: Rapport Final D'un Symposium International
1440:
1133:
918:
662:
1691:
1666:
1617:
676:
123:
8:
2418:
2392:
2387:
860:
648:
631:
2054:
1910:
2382:
1989:
1729:
1565:
1550:
1485:
1286:(one who lives high up). God communicates with his people on earth directly or through
1112:
910:
886:
713:
669:
219:
1226:
2367:
2009:
1889:
1800:
1756:
1555:
1545:
1520:
1425:
1003:
872:
724:
700:
690:
622:
44:
2423:
1515:
1490:
1455:
1392:
868:
760:
596:, and a worldwide diaspora. There are five major Shona language/dialect clusters:
553:
1931:
1624:
1575:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1495:
1475:
1450:
1445:
1138:
Both historically and in contemporary art, the Shona are known for their work in
1090:
683:
581:
449:
2031:
314:
2495:
2466:
Rev J.S. Mbiti. African religion philosophy. 2nd ed. Heinemann:Switzerland.1989
2306:
2215:
2170:
1570:
1560:
1510:
1465:
1314:
930:
898:
894:
856:
852:
524:
482:
445:
429:
2108:
1146:) and depict birds or humans; though some are made with harder stone such as
1086:
2484:
2371:
2346:
2316:
2220:
2180:
1847:... only in Zimbabwe has risen to become something of a national instrument.
1595:
1460:
1295:
1185:
Sorghum and maize are used to prepare the staple dish, a thickened porridge (
1044:
864:
825:
577:
494:
490:
183:
2236:
1376:
some of whom are dumped or abandoned. This may end up with children without
2311:
2295:
2291:
2185:
2175:
2165:
2160:
2150:
1505:
1500:
1470:
1430:
1343:
1147:
876:
593:
486:
461:
389:
203:
2002:
1776:
2326:
2205:
2190:
2155:
2097:
1525:
1154:
1094:
1067:
1063:
914:
885:
The kingdoms were replaced by new groups who moved onto the plateau. The
840:
1993:
979:
group (mostly in Mozambique), including Ndau, Garwe, Danda, and Shanga
890:
589:
538:
369:
855:
formed kingdoms on the Zimbabwe plateau. Construction, then, began on
1143:
1106:
2475:
carpernter, G.W., The way in Africa, New York: Friendship Press.1964
65:
2336:
2331:
2195:
1082:
640:
585:
534:
349:
2092:
2087:
1102:
1014:, since livestock are an important food reserve during droughts.
999:
936:
244:
2351:
2321:
2301:
2076:
2026:, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ann Arbor, 1996.
1310:
1288:
chosen family members in each family believed to be holy people
1098:
1055:
1007:
893:
coast after it provided valued exports (particularly gold) for
830:
409:
2024:
Zimbabwean Stone Sculpture: The Invention of a Shona Tradition
1359:
1274:
1187:
1071:
469:
465:
1342:
Although sixty to eighty percent of the Shona people follow
972:
group, including Duma, Jena, Mari, Goυera, Nogoυa, and Nyubi
1305:
1220:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1011:
588:
where they form the majority of the population, as well as
568:
562:
1833:. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. 16 March 2006. Archived from
1724:. December 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
559:
1337:
1820:. 1931. University of Witwatersrand Press, Johannesburg.
1294:
so that when they die, they enjoy their afterlife. The
1272:
The traditional religion of Shona people is centred on
565:
556:
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2001:
1173:) are round huts arranged around a cleared yard ('
209:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
2482:
420:
2138:
1963:, vol. 12, no. 3, Oct. 2018, pp. 141–149.
1999:
1124:,' a notched stick played with another stick.
1047:, and native cloths began to be manufactured.
380:
2266:
2252:
2124:
792:
919:Portuguese colonial government in Mozambique
360:
16:Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2259:
2245:
2131:
2117:
1387:
1349:
799:
785:
340:
313:
1953:"Arts and Culture in the 'Royal Residence
1748:
1249:Learn how and when to remove this message
292:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1786:
1722:International Organization for Migration
1391:
1304:
1054:
913:which led to the complete annexation of
400:
269:of all important aspects of the article.
2000:Van Wyk, Gary; Johnson, Robert (1997).
1871:Correct spelling according to D. Dale,
1418:
994:The Shona have traditionally practiced
2483:
1988:, vol. 5, no. 4, 1972, pp. 8–11.
1818:A Comparative Study in Shona Phonetics
1338:Religious affiliation of Shona peoples
879:(which lasted into the 19th century).
265:Please consider expanding the lead to
2501:Indigenous peoples of Southern Africa
2240:
2112:
1896:, with a preface by Father M. Hannan.
1638:"Ethnologue: Languages of Mozambique"
1191:), and the traditional beer known as
466:Shona traditional religion (Chivanhu)
1613:
1611:
1202:
335:Regions with significant populations
238:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
1663:"Ethnologue: Languages of Botswana"
1655:
1630:
1116:'), leg rattles, wooden clappers ('
897:, Arab and East Asian traders. The
13:
1984:McEwen, Frank. "Shona Art Today".
1946:
1886:The spiritual beliefs of the Shona
1769:
1066:'s most important instruments are
199:for transliterated languages, and
179:of its non-English content, using
14:
2512:
2040:
1688:"Ethnologue: Languages of Zambia"
1680:
1608:
1261:
811:
34:This article has multiple issues.
2075:
2047:
1873:A basic English Shona Dictionary
1860:Musha: the Shona concept of home
1618:Ehnologue: Languages of Zimbabwe
1589:
1325:, the Shona way of worship, and
1207:
639:
552:
422:
402:
382:
362:
342:
243:
166:
64:
23:
2469:
2460:
2451:
1924:
1899:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1823:
1749:Haberland, Eike (May 3, 1974).
1408:Bone and Teeth Samples"
1268:Indigenous religion in Zimbabwe
1164:
257:may be too short to adequately
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1961:Journal of Pan African Studies
1810:
1755:. Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission.
1742:
1705:
989:
267:provide an accessible overview
215:multilingual support templates
1:
2008:. New York: Rosen Pub Group.
851:During the 11th century, the
327:
1601:
903:British South Africa Company
7:
2140:Ethnic groups in Mozambique
1862:, Zimbabwe Pub. House, 1982
1714:Zimbabwe — Mapping exercise
1582:
1282:(Creator of man/people) or
1198:
1169:Traditional Shona housing (
1030:
924:
10:
2517:
1907:"Baby dumping in Zimbabwe"
1436:Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana
1367:in Zimbabwe. In marriage,
1265:
1180:
1131:
1025:
928:
846:
2401:
2360:
2274:
2268:Ethnic groups in Zimbabwe
2146:
1765:– via Google Books.
1734:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1017:
530:
520:
512:
504:
481:
476:
460:
455:
444:
439:
419:
399:
379:
359:
339:
334:
326:
321:
312:
1410:Croation Medical Journal
1050:
2103:Encyclopædia Britannica
1782:(subscription required)
1481:Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo
1388:Genetics And Haplogroup
1350:Mitupo identity emblems
1127:
1064:Shona traditional music
996:subsistence agriculture
580:ethnic group native to
2201:Portuguese Mozambicans
1396:
1317:
1229:by rewriting it in an
1060:
584:, primarily living in
2022:Zilberg, Jonathan L.
1978:registration required
1441:Robert Gabriel Mugabe
1395:
1308:
1278:(God), also known as
1134:Sculpture of Zimbabwe
1058:
859:; the capital of the
477:Related ethnic groups
2302:Coloured Zimbabweans
2084:at Wikimedia Commons
1888:, Mambo Press 1982,
1419:Notable Shona people
741:World Heritage Sites
177:specify the language
175:This article should
84:improve this article
1858:Friedrich Du Toit,
1837:on 26 December 2007
1831:"Music in Zimbabwe"
1091:Mbira Nyunga Nyunga
861:kingdom of Zimbabwe
632:Culture of Zimbabwe
309:
1623:2016-03-04 at the
1566:Dambudzo Marechera
1551:Vitalis Zvinavashe
1486:Emmerson Mnangagwa
1397:
1373:rooranai vematongo
1318:
1231:encyclopedic style
1218:is written like a
1157:pots are known as
1061:
1004:African groundnuts
911:First Matabele War
907:colony of Rhodesia
395:1–2 million (2020)
307:
2447:
2446:
2234:
2233:
2080:Media related to
1884:Michael Gelfand,
1816:Doke, Clement M.,
1596:Africa portal
1556:Kotaro Matsushima
1546:Morgan Tsvangirai
1521:Solomon Mutswairo
1426:Benjani Mwaruwari
1259:
1258:
1251:
873:kingdom of Mutapa
809:
808:
544:
543:
500:
499:
355:13 million (2019)
302:
301:
294:
284:
283:
237:
236:
217:may also be used.
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
2508:
2476:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2287:Northern Ndebele
2261:
2254:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2093:Shona Dictionary
2088:Shona Translator
2079:
2051:
2050:
2019:
2007:
1981:
1956:
1940:
1939:
1936:webs.wofford.edu
1932:"Project Tariro"
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1909:. Archived from
1903:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1827:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1725:
1719:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1690:. Archived from
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1665:. Archived from
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1640:. Archived from
1634:
1628:
1615:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1516:Knowledge Musona
1491:Tendai Mtawarira
1456:Chartwell Dutiro
1354:In Zimbabwe the
1254:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1155:clay earthenware
1087:mbira dzavadzimu
905:established the
869:kingdom of Butua
801:
794:
787:
643:
634:
618:
617:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
502:
501:
432:
428:
426:
425:
412:
408:
406:
405:
392:
388:
386:
385:
372:
368:
366:
365:
352:
348:
346:
345:
329:
322:Total population
317:
310:
306:
297:
290:
279:
276:
270:
247:
239:
232:
229:
223:
208:
202:
198:
192:
188:
182:
170:
169:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2397:
2356:
2270:
2265:
2235:
2230:
2142:
2137:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2016:
1975:
1954:
1949:
1947:Further reading
1944:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1726:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1625:Wayback Machine
1616:
1609:
1604:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:Shingai Shoniwa
1541:Tendayi Darikwa
1536:Rekayi Tangwena
1531:George Tawengwa
1496:Oliver Mtukudzi
1476:Strive Masiyiwa
1451:Stella Chiweshe
1446:Herbert Chitepo
1421:
1415:
1399:
1390:
1358:(translated as
1352:
1340:
1334:) are similar.
1270:
1264:
1255:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1227:help improve it
1224:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1183:
1167:
1140:stone sculpture
1136:
1130:
1053:
1033:
1028:
1020:
992:
933:
927:
909:, sparking the
849:
814:
805:
776:
775:
771:National anthem
756:
755:
746:
745:
736:
735:
719:
718:
704:
703:
630:
582:Southern Africa
555:
551:
450:African English
423:
421:
403:
401:
383:
381:
363:
361:
343:
341:
305:
298:
287:
286:
285:
280:
274:
271:
264:
252:This article's
248:
233:
227:
224:
218:
206:
200:
196:
194:transliteration
190:
186:
180:
171:
167:
156:
145:
139:
136:
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2478:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:External links
2039:
2036:
2035:
2020:
2014:
1997:
1982:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1923:
1898:
1877:
1864:
1851:
1822:
1809:
1785:
1768:
1761:
1741:
1704:
1679:
1654:
1629:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1571:Talbert Shumba
1568:
1563:
1561:Andy Rinomhota
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:Solomon Mujuru
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Thomas Mapfumo
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1389:
1386:
1351:
1348:
1339:
1336:
1315:Great Zimbabwe
1263:
1262:Shona religion
1260:
1257:
1256:
1215:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1182:
1179:
1166:
1163:
1129:
1126:
1105:(similar to a
1052:
1049:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
984:
973:
966:
959:
952:
931:Shona Language
929:Main article:
926:
923:
899:Pioneer Column
857:Great Zimbabwe
853:Karanga people
848:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
813:
812:Classification
810:
807:
806:
804:
803:
796:
789:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
768:
763:
757:
753:
752:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
737:
733:
732:
731:
728:
727:
721:
720:
717:
716:
711:
705:
699:
698:
697:
694:
693:
687:
686:
680:
679:
673:
672:
666:
665:
659:
658:
652:
651:
645:
644:
636:
635:
627:
626:
542:
541:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
506:
498:
497:
479:
478:
474:
473:
458:
457:
453:
452:
442:
441:
437:
436:
435:200,000 (2011)
433:
430:United Kingdom
417:
416:
413:
397:
396:
393:
377:
376:
373:
357:
356:
353:
337:
336:
332:
331:
324:
323:
319:
318:
303:
300:
299:
282:
281:
261:the key points
251:
249:
242:
235:
234:
228:September 2021
213:. Knowledge's
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
99:"Shona people"
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2513:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Jewish people
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:Anglo African
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2015:9780823920112
2011:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1913:on 2015-05-28
1912:
1908:
1902:
1895:
1894:0-86922-077-2
1891:
1887:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1819:
1813:
1806:
1805:0-435-94505-X
1802:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1762:9783794052257
1758:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1694:on 2016-03-05
1693:
1689:
1683:
1669:on 2013-09-29
1668:
1664:
1658:
1644:on 2015-02-21
1643:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Tonderai Kasu
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1412:422001260266
1411:
1405:
1402:
1394:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1327:chosen people
1324:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:Bira ceremony
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1216:This article
1214:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
981:
980:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
945:
944:
941:
938:
932:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
880:
878:
875:preceded the
874:
870:
866:
865:Torwa dynasty
862:
858:
854:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
782:
780:
779:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
750:
749:
742:
739:
738:
730:
729:
726:
723:
722:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
702:
696:
695:
692:
689:
688:
685:
682:
681:
678:
675:
674:
671:
668:
667:
664:
661:
660:
657:
654:
653:
650:
647:
646:
642:
638:
637:
633:
629:
628:
624:
620:
619:
616:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
549:
540:
536:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
431:
418:
414:
411:
398:
394:
391:
378:
374:
371:
358:
354:
351:
338:
333:
325:
320:
316:
311:
296:
293:
278:
268:
262:
260:
255:
250:
246:
241:
240:
231:
221:
216:
212:
205:
195:
185:
178:
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2491:Shona people
2471:
2462:
2453:
2296:Xhosa people
2292:Fengu people
2281:
2210:
2101:
2082:Shona people
2065:Shona people
2063:
2062:
2061:profile for
2058:
2037:
2023:
2003:
1986:African Arts
1985:
1966:
1960:
1935:
1926:
1915:. Retrieved
1911:the original
1901:
1885:
1880:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1825:
1817:
1812:
1779:. Ehnologue.
1771:
1751:
1744:
1713:
1707:
1696:. Retrieved
1692:the original
1682:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1657:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:the original
1632:
1506:Joice Mujuru
1501:Grace Mugabe
1471:Malachi Napa
1431:Ovidy Karuru
1414:
1409:
1406:
1404:references:
1403:
1398:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1353:
1344:Christianity
1341:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1245:
1236:
1217:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:Architecture
1158:
1152:
1148:serpentinite
1137:
1121:
1120:), and the '
1117:
1110:
1109:), shakers (
1080:
1075:
1062:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1021:
998:. They grew
993:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
942:
934:
884:
881:
877:Rozvi Empire
850:
815:
766:Coat of arms
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:South Africa
548:Shona people
547:
545:
462:Christianity
390:South Africa
330:15.6 million
304:Ethnic group
288:
272:
256:
254:lead section
225:
211:ISO 639 code
207:}}
201:{{
197:}}
191:{{
187:}}
181:{{
176:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2429:Mozambicans
1526:Jah Prayzah
1313:, close to
1280:Musikavanhu
1095:njari mbira
1068:ngoma drums
990:Agriculture
915:Mashonaland
375:2.3 million
2485:Categories
2393:Portuguese
2378:Afrikaners
2275:Indigenous
1917:2015-05-28
1720:. London:
1698:2015-05-28
1673:2015-05-28
1648:2015-06-04
1300:dzavadzimu
1266:See also:
1239:March 2021
1132:See also:
1122:chikorodzi
891:Mozambique
871:, and the
867:ruled the
709:Television
590:Mozambique
539:Mozambique
370:Mozambique
275:March 2022
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2434:Malawians
2414:Congolese
2032:304300839
1972:133158724
1730:cite book
1602:Citations
1144:soapstone
1107:xylophone
1076:amabhiza'
1002:, beans,
734:Monuments
663:Languages
440:Languages
259:summarize
45:talk page
2439:Zambians
2388:Italians
2337:Tokaleya
2332:Ndwandwe
2196:Ndwandwe
2028:ProQuest
1621:Archived
1583:See also
1284:Nyadenga
1199:Religion
1070:and the
1041:shashiko
1031:Clothing
983:century.
956:Korekore
925:Language
836:Korekore
677:Religion
623:a series
621:Part of
610:Korekore
586:Zimbabwe
576:) are a
535:Zimbabwe
525:chiShona
521:Language
456:Religion
350:Zimbabwe
140:May 2020
2419:Indians
2409:Chinese
2317:Manyika
2307:Kalanga
2216:Swahili
2171:Makonde
2100:at the
2098:"Shona"
2055:Scholia
1994:3334584
1959:(PDF).
1777:"Shona"
1225:Please
1181:Cuisine
1175:ruvanze
1103:marimba
1026:Culture
1000:sorghum
970:Karanga
949:Manyika
937:dialect
901:of the
895:Swahili
887:Ndebele
847:History
826:Manyika
821:Karanga
754:Symbols
670:Cuisine
649:History
602:Karanga
598:Manyika
531:Country
516:Mashona
508:MuShona
483:Kalanga
220:See why
124:scholar
2402:Others
2383:Greeks
2352:Vadoma
2347:Tsonga
2322:Nambya
2221:Tsonga
2181:Maviha
2057:has a
2030:
2012:
1992:
1970:
1892:
1841:23 May
1803:
1759:
1382:mutupo
1378:mutupo
1369:mitupo
1365:mitupo
1360:totems
1356:Mitupo
1311:n'anga
1193:hwahwa
1118:makwa'
1099:matepe
1097:, and
1089:, the
1059:Mbiras
1045:Tsonga
1037:mhata'
1018:Mining
1008:cattle
963:Zezuru
917:; the
863:. The
831:Zezuru
714:Cinema
656:People
625:on the
612:, and
606:Zezuru
513:People
505:Person
495:Tsonga
491:Nambya
427:
415:30,200
410:Zambia
407:
387:
367:
347:
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2496:Shona
2368:White
2361:White
2342:Tonga
2312:Lemba
2282:Shona
2211:Shona
2186:Mwani
2176:Makua
2166:Lemba
2161:Kunda
2151:Chopi
2059:topic
2004:Shona
1990:JSTOR
1965:EBSCO
1718:(PDF)
1323:Mwari
1275:Mwari
1188:sadza
1171:musha
1113:hosho
1083:nhare
1072:mbira
1051:Music
1039:and '
1012:goats
725:Sport
701:Media
691:Music
614:Ndau.
578:Bantu
487:Venda
470:Mwari
446:Shona
308:Shona
131:JSTOR
117:books
2327:Ndau
2206:Sena
2191:Ndau
2156:Gaza
2010:ISBN
1967:host
1890:ISBN
1843:2020
1801:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1736:link
1332:unhu
1292:unhu
1159:hari
1128:Arts
1010:and
977:Ndau
975:The
968:The
961:The
954:The
947:The
935:The
841:Ndau
761:Flag
546:The
184:lang
103:news
2226:Yao
1302:.
684:Art
204:IPA
86:by
2487::
1934:.
1845:.
1788:^
1732:}}
1728:{{
1610:^
1384:.
1309:A
1161:.
1093:,
1085:,
608:,
604:,
600:,
592:,
563:oʊ
537:,
493:;
489:;
485:;
464:,
448:;
328:c.
189:,
48:.
2374:)
2370:(
2298:)
2294:(
2260:e
2253:t
2246:v
2132:e
2125:t
2118:v
2069:.
2034:.
2018:.
1996:.
1980:)
1976:(
1974:.
1957:"
1955:'
1938:.
1920:.
1807:.
1738:)
1701:.
1676:.
1651:.
1330:(
1252:)
1246:(
1241:)
1237:(
1233:.
1111:'
800:e
793:t
786:v
572:/
569:ə
566:n
560:ʃ
557:ˈ
554:/
550:(
472:)
468:(
295:)
289:(
277:)
273:(
263:.
230:)
226:(
222:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)