Dmitri Shostakovich

581: 60: 940: 1252: 1372: 1090:), where he and his family had been evacuated. According to a radio address he made on 17 September 1941, he continued work on the symphony in order to show his fellow citizens that everyone had a "soldier's duty" to ensure life went on. In another article written on 8 October, he wrote that the Seventh was a "symphony about our age, our people, our sacred war, and our victory." Shostakovich finished his Seventh Symphony on 27 December. The symphony was premiered by the Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra in Kuibyshev on 29 March and soon performed in London and the United States, where several conductors vied to conduct its 1065: 2603: 2281: 769: 532:

very clearly displayed in his gestures. The contrasts between the "Adagio molto" of the introduction and "Allegro con brio" first theme were quite striking, as were those between the percussive accents of the chords (woodwinds, French horns, pizzicato strings) and the momentarily extended piano in the introduction following them. In the character given to the pattern of the first theme, I recall, there was both vigorous striving and lightness; in the bass part there was an emphasized pliancy of tenderly threaded articulation.

8813: 242: 395: 8081: 8801: 1529: 8825: 1434:, the first of which commemorates a massacre of Ukrainian Jews during the Second World War. Opinions are divided as to how great a risk this was: the poem had been published in Soviet media and was not banned, but it remained controversial. After the symphony's premiere, Yevtushenko was forced to add a stanza to his poem that said that Russians and Ukrainians had died alongside the Jews at Babi Yar. 1239:'s music in the Soviet Union. A great admirer of Stravinsky who had been influenced by his music, Shostakovich had no alternative but to answer in the affirmative. Nabokov did not hesitate to write that this demonstrated that Shostakovich was "not a free man, but an obedient tool of his government." Shostakovich never forgave Nabokov for this public humiliation. That same year, he composed the 8789: 8849: 851:". There was resistance from those who admired Shostakovich, including Sollertinsky, who turned up at a composers' meeting in Leningrad called to denounce the opera and praised it instead. Two other speakers supported him. When Shostakovich returned to Leningrad, he had a telephone call from the commander of the Leningrad Military District, who had been asked by Marshal 1347:, the First Secretary of the Communist Party from 1953 to 1964, was looking for support from the intelligentsia's leading ranks in an effort to create a better relationship with the Soviet Union's artists. This event has variously been interpreted as a show of commitment, a mark of cowardice, the result of political pressure, and his free decision. On the one hand, the 8837: 753:, which was first performed in 1934. It was initially immediately successful, on both popular and official levels. It was described as "the result of the general success of Socialist construction, of the correct policy of the Party", and as an opera that "could have been written only by a Soviet composer brought up in the best tradition of Soviet culture". 1235:, who was present in the audience, witnessed Shostakovich starting to read "in a nervous and shaky voice" before he had to break off "and the speech was continued in English by a suave radio baritone". Fully aware that Shostakovich was not free to speak his mind, Nabokov publicly asked him whether he supported the then recent denunciation of 1789:, described in Grove's Dictionary as "a colossal synthesis of Shostakovich's musical development to date". The Fourth was also the first piece in which Mahler's influence came to the fore, prefiguring the route Shostakovich took to secure his rehabilitation, while he himself admitted that the preceding two were his least successful. 522: 1195:", which targeted all Soviet composers and demanded that they write only "proletarian" music, or music for the masses. The accused composers, including Shostakovich, were summoned to make public apologies in front of the committee. Most of Shostakovich's works were banned, and his family had privileges withdrawn. 1413:, who knew the Shostakoviches well, this marriage was a very happy one: "It was with her that Dmitri Dmitriyevich finally came to know domestic peace... Surely, she prolonged his life by several years." In November, he conducted publicly for the only time in his life, leading a couple of his own works in 1189:) of writing inappropriate and formalist music. This was part of an ongoing anti-formalism campaign intended to root out all Western compositional influence as well as any perceived "non-Russian" output. The conference resulted in the publication of the Central Committee's Decree "On V. Muradeli's opera 1752:

Many commentators have noted the disjunction between the experimental works before the 1936 denunciation and the more conservative ones that followed; the composer told Flora Litvinova, "without 'Party guidance' ... I would have displayed more brilliance, used more sarcasm, I could have revealed

1291:"deeply disappointed by conspicuous silence" when her music faced criticism after her graduation from the Leningrad Conservatory. The relationship with Nazirova seems to have been one-sided, expressed largely in his letters to her, and can be dated to around 1953 to 1956. He married his second wife, 616:

The self-discipline with which the young Shostakovich prepared for the 1927 Competition was astonishing. For three weeks, he locked himself away at home, practicing for hours at a time, having postponed his composing, and given up trips to the theatre and visits with friends. Even more startling was

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Throughout his compositions, Shostakovich demonstrated a controlled use of musical quotation. This stylistic choice had been common among earlier composers, but Shostakovich developed it into a defining characteristic of his music. Rather than quoting other composers, Shostakovich preferred to quote

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The restrictions on Shostakovich's music and living arrangements were eased in 1949, when Stalin decided that the Soviets needed to send artistic representatives to the Cultural and Scientific Congress for World Peace in New York City, and that Shostakovich should be among them. For Shostakovich, it

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Shostakovich's response to official criticism and whether he used music as a kind of covert dissidence is a matter of dispute. He outwardly conformed to government policies and positions, reading speeches and putting his name to articles expressing the government line. But it is evident he disliked

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indexes 26 references to his nervousness. Mikhail Druskin remembers that even as a young man the composer was "fragile and nervously agile". Yuri Lyubimov comments, "The fact that he was more vulnerable and receptive than other people was no doubt an important feature of his genius." In later life,

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in 1966,1970, and 1971, as well as several falls in which he broke both his legs; in 1967, he wrote in a letter: "Target achieved so far: 75% (right leg broken, left leg broken, right hand defective). All I need to do now is wreck the left hand and then 100% of my extremities will be out of order."

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The success put Shostakovich in good standing once again. Music critics and the authorities alike, including those who had earlier accused him of formalism, claimed that he had learned from his mistakes and become a true Soviet artist. In a newspaper article published under Shostakovich's name, the

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Shostakovich stood at the podium, played with his hair and jacket cuffs, looked around at the hushed teenagers with instruments at the ready and raised the baton. ... He neither stopped the orchestra, nor made any remarks; he focused his entire attention on aspects of tempi and dynamics, which were

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Asked about the authenticity of a book published in the West after his father's death, and described as his memoirs, Mr. Shostakovich replied: 'These are not my father's memoirs. This is a book by Solomon Volkov. Mr. Volkov should reveal how the book was written.' Mr. Shostakovich said language in

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described it as "tender". Ustvolskaya rejected a proposal of marriage from him after Nina's death. Shostakovich's daughter, Galina, recalled her father consulting her and Maxim about the possibility of Ustvolskaya becoming their stepmother. Ustvolskaya's friend Viktor Suslin said that she had been

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wrote that it was "splendid in its joie de vivre, gaiety, brilliance, and pungency!" By 1946 it was the subject of official criticism. Israel Nestyev asked whether it was the right time for "a light and amusing interlude between Shostakovich's significant creations, a temporary rejection of great,

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Their son, Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, displayed musical talent after he began piano lessons with his mother at the age of nine. On several occasions, he displayed a remarkable ability to remember what his mother had played at the previous lesson, and would get "caught in the act" of playing

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and Volkov more favorably since 1991, when the Soviet regime fell. To Allan B. Ho and Dmitry Feofanov, he confirmed that his father had told him about "meeting a young man from Leningrad who knows his music extremely well" and that "Volkov did meet with Shostakovich to work on his reminiscences".

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manuscript that Shostakovich had signed and verified are word-for-word reproductions of earlier interviews he gave, none of which are controversial. Ho and Feofanov have countered that at least two of the signed pages contain controversial material: for instance, "on the first page of chapter 3,

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the result of this seclusion. Of course, prior to this time, he had played superbly and occasioned Glazunov's now famous glowing reports. But during those days, his pianism, sharply idiosyncratic and rhythmically impulsive, multi-timbered yet graphically defined, emerged in its concentrated form.

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A composer friend bribed Shostakovich's housemaid to regularly deliver the contents of Shostakovich's office waste bin to him, instead of taking it to the garbage. Some of those cast-offs eventually found their way into the Glinka. ... The Glinka archive "contained a huge number of pieces and

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The decree's consequences for composers were harsh. Shostakovich was among those dismissed from the Conservatory altogether. For him, the loss of money was perhaps the heaviest blow. Others still in the Conservatory experienced an atmosphere thick with suspicion. No one wanted his work to be

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heard an extensive portion of the first movement, noting that it was "majestic in scale, in pathos, in its breathtaking motion". Shortly thereafter, Shostakovich ceased work on this version of the Ninth, which remained lost until musicologist Olga Digonskaya rediscovered it in December 2003.

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on the opening day of the competition, but his condition improved by the time of his first performance on 27 January 1927. (He had his appendix removed on 25 April.) According to Shostakovich, his playing found favor with the audience. He persisted into the final round of the competition but

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ultimately earned only a diploma, no prize; Oborin was declared the winner. Shostakovich was upset about the result but for a time resolved to continue a career as performer. While recovering from his appendectomy in April 1927, Shostakovich said he was beginning to reassess those plans:

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in 1941, Shostakovich initially remained in Leningrad. He tried to enlist in the military but was turned away because of his poor eyesight. To compensate, he became a volunteer for the Leningrad Conservatory's firefighter brigade and delivered a radio broadcast to the Soviet people.

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Shostakovich is in many ways a polar counter-force for Stravinsky. ... When I have said that the 7th symphony of Shostakovich is a dull and unpleasant composition, people have responded: "Yes, yes, but think of the background of that symphony." Such an attitude does no good to

2112: 872:, which was denounced because "it jangles and expresses nothing" and did not give an accurate picture of peasant life on a collective farm. Fearful that he was about to be arrested, Shostakovich secured an appointment with the Chairman of the USSR State Committee on Culture, 59: 1940:

concludes in Grove's Dictionary that "Amid the conflicting pressures of official requirements, the mass suffering of his fellow countrymen, and his personal ideals of humanitarian and public service, he succeeded in forging a musical language of colossal emotional power."

1849:. He initially wrote eight songs meant to represent the hardships of being Jewish in the Soviet Union. To disguise this, he added three more meant to demonstrate the great life Jews had under the Soviet regime. Despite his efforts to hide the real meaning in the work, the 2072:. Zoshchenko noted the contradictions in the composer's character: "he is ... frail, fragile, withdrawn, an infinitely direct, pure child ... hard, acid, extremely intelligent, strong perhaps, despotic and not altogether good-natured (although cerebrally good-natured)." 1395:. Shostakovich confessed to his friend Isaac Glikman, "I started thinking that if some day I die, nobody is likely to write a work in memory of me, so I had better write one myself." Several of Shostakovich's colleagues, including Natalya Vovsi-Mikhoels and the cellist 2011:

artistic circles of the early Soviet period in which Shostakovich moved early in his career, and argues that these borrowings were a deliberate technique to allow him to create "patterns of contrast, repetition, exaggeration" that gave his music large-scale structure.

1877:. The aria's beauty comes as a breath of fresh air in the intense, overbearing tone of the scene, in which Katerina visits her lover Sergei in prison. The theme is made tragic when Sergei betrays her and finds a new lover upon blaming Katerina for his incarceration. 588:

After graduation, Shostakovich embarked on a dual career as concert pianist and composer, but his dry keyboard style was often criticized. Shostakovich maintained a heavy performance schedule until 1930; after 1933, he performed only his own compositions. Along with

2176:, which claimed to be Shostakovich's memoirs dictated to Volkov. The book alleged that many of the composer's works contained coded anti-government messages, placing Shostakovich in a tradition of Russian artists outwitting censorship that goes back at least to 1477:: "But the lack of this aural stimulation—of Shakespeare's eloquent words—is recompensed in some measure by a splendid and stirring musical score by Dmitri Shostakovich. This has great dignity and depth, and at times an appropriate wildness or becoming levity". 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 880:

that he had instructed the composer to "reject formalist errors and in his art attain something that could be understood by the broad masses", and that Shostakovich had admitted being in the wrong and had asked for a meeting with Stalin, which was not granted.

1749:, presenting a copy of his own piano version of it to Stravinsky when the latter visited the USSR in 1962. (The meeting of the two composers was not very successful; observers commented on Shostakovich's extreme nervousness and Stravinsky's "cruelty" to him.) 380:

Shostakovich's reputation has continued to grow after his death. Scholarly interest has increased significantly since the late 20th century, including considerable debate about the relationship between his music and his attitudes toward the Soviet government.

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In 2004, the musicologist Olga Digonskaya discovered a trove of Shostakovich manuscripts at the Glinka State Central Museum of Musical Culture in Moscow. In a cardboard file were some "300 pages of musical sketches, pieces and scores" in Shostakovich's hand.

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In 1962, Shostakovich married for the third time, to Irina Supinskaya. In a letter to Glikman, he wrote, "her only defect is that she is 27 years old. In all other respects she is splendid: clever, cheerful, straightforward and very likeable." According to

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and Elmira Nazirova. In the background to all this remained Shostakovich's first, open marriage to Nina Varzar until her death in 1954. He taught Ustvolskaya from 1939 to 1941 and then from 1947 to 1948. The nature of their relationship is far from clear:

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Shostakovich had expressed as early as 1943 his intention to cap his wartime trilogy of symphonies with a grandiose Ninth. On 16 January 1945, he announced to his students that he had begun work on its first movement the day before. In April, his friend

1652:. His output is dominated by his cycles of symphonies and string quartets, each totaling 15. The symphonies are distributed fairly evenly throughout his career, while the quartets are concentrated towards the latter part. Among the most popular are the 571:

brought the symphony to his attention. On 12 May 1926, Malko led the premiere of the symphony; the audience received it enthusiastically, demanding an encore of the scherzo. Thereafter, Shostakovich regularly celebrated the date of his symphonic debut.

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persuaded Shostakovich to withdraw the symphony. Shostakovich did not repudiate the work and retained its designation as his Fourth Symphony. (A reduction for two pianos was performed and published in 1946, and the work was finally premiered in 1961.)

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faithfully reproduces Shostakovich's confidences ... in a form and context he would have recognized and approved for publication remains doubtful. Yet even were claim to authenticity not in doubt, it would still furnish a poor source for the serious

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and Elmira motifs, Elmira Nazirova being a pianist and composer who had studied under Shostakovich in the year before his dismissal from the Moscow Conservatory), the meaning of which is still debated, while the savage second movement, according to

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of 1937, which was musically more conservative than his recent works. Premiered on 21 November 1937 in Leningrad, it was a phenomenal success. The Fifth brought many to tears and welling emotions. Later, Shostakovich's purported memoir,

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Shostakovich was in many ways an obsessive man: according to his daughter he was "obsessed with cleanliness". He synchronised the clocks in his apartment and regularly sent himself cards to test how well the postal service was working.

835:", complaining that the opera was a "deliberately dissonant, muddled stream of sounds ... quacks, hoots, pants and gasps." Shostakovich continued his performance tour as scheduled, with no disruptions. From Arkhangelsk, he instructed 1551:

Shostakovich, a smoker since his youth, was forced to give up the habit after having his first heart attack in 1966. He was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1973. His death is variously attributed to lung cancer or heart failure.

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campaign against Shostakovich caused his commissions and concert appearances, and performances of his music, to decline markedly. His monthly earnings dropped from an average of as much as 12,000 rubles to as little as 2,000.

1884:. In the midst of this quartet's oppressive and somber themes, the cello introduces the Seryozha theme "in the 'bright' key of F-sharp major" about three minutes into the fourth movement. This theme emerges once again in his 1544:(ALS) or some other neurological ailment from as early as the 1950s, Shostakovich insisted upon writing all his own correspondence and music himself, even when his right hand became virtually unusable. His last work was his 963:

articles, he continued to compose the symphony and planned a premiere at the end of 1936. Rehearsals began that December, but according to Isaac Glikman, who had attended the rehearsals with the composer, the manager of the

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of 27 July 1946 was similarly dismissive: "The Russian composer should not have expressed his feelings about the defeat of Nazism in such a childish manner". Shostakovich continued to compose chamber music, notably his

1066: 626: 999:, stated: "I'll never believe that a man who understood nothing could feel the Fifth Symphony. Of course they understood, they understood what was happening around them and they understood what the Fifth was about." 939: 2075:

Shostakovich was diffident by nature: Flora Litvinova has said he was "completely incapable of saying 'No' to anybody." This meant he was easily persuaded to sign official statements, including a denunciation of

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When I was well, I practiced the piano every day. I wanted to carry on like that until autumn and then decide. If I saw that I had not improved, I would quit the whole business. To be a pianist who is worse than

595: 8989: 2316:. There is also a short newsreel of Shostakovich as soloist in a 1930s concert performance of the closing moments of his first piano concerto. A color film of Shostakovich supervising the Soviet revival of 8994: 1351:

was less repressive than it had been before Stalin's death. On the other, his son recalled that the event reduced Shostakovich to tears, and that he later told his wife Irina that he had been blackmailed.

843:. The editorial was the signal for a nationwide campaign, during which even Soviet music critics who had praised the opera were forced to recant in print, saying they "failed to detect the shortcomings of 2259:, alleging that Volkov compiled it from a combination of recycled articles, gossip, and possibly some information directly from the composer. Fay documents these allegations in her 2002 article "Volkov's 2202:

The revisionist perspective has subsequently been supported by his children, Maxim and Galina, although Maxim said in 1981 that Volkov's book was not his father's work. Volkov has further argued, both in

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Shostakovich's relationship with Stravinsky was profoundly ambivalent; as he wrote to Glikman, "Stravinsky the composer I worship. Stravinsky the thinker I despise." He was particularly enamoured of the

540:... were discoveries of an improvised order, born from an intuitively refined understanding of the character of a piece and the elements of musical imagery embedded in it. And the players enjoyed it. 457:

at the Bureau of Weights and Measures in Saint Petersburg. In 1903, he married another Siberian immigrant to the capital, Sofiya Vasilievna Kokoulina, one of six children born to a Siberian Russian.

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According to McBurney, opinion is divided on whether Shostakovich's music is "of visionary power and originality, as some maintain, or, as others think, derivative, trashy, empty and second-hand".

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was a bitter experience for the Red Army, the parade never happened, and Shostakovich never laid claim to the authorship of this work. It was not performed until 2001. After the outbreak of

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said, "he tried to help so many people that ... less and less attention was paid to his pleas." When asked if he believed in God, Shostakovich said "No, and I am very sorry about it."

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Rowell, Bryan (January 2024). "Fifty Years Ago: October 1973–March 1974 (Illness, Fourteenth Quartet, Six Songs on Poems of Marina Tsvetayeva, Six Romances on Verses by British Poets)".

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that his name was included without his permission. But he was willing to try to help constituents in his capacities as chairman of the Composers' Union and Deputy to the Supreme Soviet.

739:(RAPM). Its stage premiere on 18 January 1930 opened to generally poor reviews and widespread incomprehension among musicians. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Shostakovich worked at 1484:. Beginning in 1958, he suffered from a debilitating condition that particularly affected his right hand, eventually forcing him to give up piano playing; in 1965, it was diagnosed as 9044: 3605: 8299: 756:

Shostakovich married his first wife, Nina Varzar, in 1932. Difficulties led to a divorce in 1935, but the couple soon remarried when Nina became pregnant with their first child,

517: 1343:. The government wanted to appoint him Chairman of the RSFSR Union of Composers, but to hold that position he was required to obtain Party membership. It was understood that 822:

in order to be present at that particular performance. Eyewitness accounts testify that Shostakovich was "white as a sheet" when he went to take his bow after the third act.

8904: 7088: 1091: 559:, written as his graduation piece at the age of 19. Initially, Shostakovich aspired only to perform it privately with the conservatory orchestra and prepared to conduct the 1356:

has said that the composer was suicidal. In 1960, he was appointed Chairman of the RSFSR Union of Composers; from 1962 until his death, he also served as a delegate in the

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and raised a large family. His son Dmitri Boleslavovich Shostakovich, the composer's father, was born in exile in Narym in 1875 and studied physics and mathematics at

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campaign was already under way, with widespread arrests, including that of Dobrushin and Yiditsky, the compilers of the book from which Shostakovich took his texts.

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12 September] 1906 – 9 August 1975) was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist who became internationally known after the premiere of his

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Shostakovich's influence on later composers outside the former Soviet Union has been relatively slight. His influence can be seen in some Nordic composers, such as

1095: 8929: 410:, Shostakovich was the second of three children of Dmitri Boleslavovich Shostakovich and Sofiya Vasilievna Kokoulina. Shostakovich's immediate forebears came from 9049: 1011:

article was published, praised the Fifth and congratulated Shostakovich for "not having given in to the seductive temptations of his previous 'erroneous' ways."

1888:. As in the Eighth Quartet, the cello introduces the theme, which here serves as a dedication to the cellist of the Beethoven String Quartet, Sergei Shirinsky. 7421: 461:

the previous lesson's music while pretending to read different music placed in front of him. In 1918, he wrote a funeral march in memory of two leaders of the

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In Shostakovich's lighter moods, sport was one of his main recreations, although he preferred spectating or umpiring to participating (he was a qualified

896:, in which many of Shostakovich's friends and relatives were imprisoned or killed. These included Tukhachevsky, executed 12 June 1937; his brother-in-law 9084: 548:. To the composer's disappointment, the critics and public there received his music coolly. During his visit to Moscow, Mikhail Kvadri introduced him to 1327:

for their performance (part of a concert tour of the Soviet Union). Later that year, Bernstein and the Philharmonic recorded the symphony in Boston for

4682: 3456: 818:. He and his entourage left without speaking to anyone. Shostakovich had been forewarned by a friend that he should postpone a planned concert tour in 636: 5284: 3173: 859:

was under arrest four years later, he told his interrogators that "it was common ground for us to proclaim the genius of the slighted Shostakovich."

9039: 8914: 8033: 904:, a musicologist who had taught Tukhachevsky, was executed; his mother-in-law, the astronomer Sofiya Mikhaylovna Varzar, who was sent to a camp in 621: 590: 8285: 6277: 4778: 4568: 747:

youth theatre. Although he did little work in this post, it shielded him from ideological attack. Much of this period was spent writing his opera

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During the next few years, Shostakovich composed three categories of work: film music to pay the rent, official works aimed at securing official

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says that at this time "he waited for his arrest at night out on the landing by the lift, so that at least his family wouldn't be disturbed."

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Shostakovich combined a variety of different musical techniques in his works. His music is characterized by sharp contrasts, elements of the

4049: 9174: 9099: 8894: 1966: 1781: 736: 4448: 3606:"About this Recording: 8.572138 – Shostakovich, D.: Girl Friends / Rule, Britannia / Salute to Spain (Polish Radio Symphony, Fitz-Gerald)" 9079: 6905: 1622: 128: 9009: 4656: 4089: 552:, who helped the composer find accommodation and work there, and sent a driver to take him to a concert in "a very stylish automobile". 9204: 7650: 7526: 1974:

described his music as "battleship-grey in melody and harmony, factory-functional in structure; in content all rhetoric and coercion".

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Ho–Feofanov 1998: 114. The quotes come from a recorded conversation between Maxim Shostakovich and Ho & Feofanov (19 April 1997).

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On 20 March 1925, Shostakovich's music was played in Moscow for the first time, in a program which also included works by his friend

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The diagnosis of another one of Shostakovich's diseases was confirmed. In addition to poliomyelitis, he had cancer of the left lung.

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himself. Musicologists such as Sofia Moshevich, Ian McDonald, and Stephen Harris have connected his works through their quotations.

1360:. By joining the party, Shostakovich also committed himself to finally writing the homage to Lenin that he had promised before. His 9214: 9179: 8889: 5600: 1441:, who was sentenced to five years of exile and hard labor. Shostakovich co-signed protests with Yevtushenko, fellow Soviet artists 609: 6414:

Tentser, Alexander (2014). "Dmitri Shostakovich and Jewish Music: The Voice of an Oppressed People". In Tentser, Alexander (ed.).

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the book attributed to his father, as well as several contradictions and inaccuracies, led him to doubt the book's authenticity.

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Stalin's death in 1953 was the biggest step toward Shostakovich's rehabilitation as a creative artist, which was marked by his

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Fear and the Muse Kept Watch, the Russian Masters – from Akhmativa and Pasternak to Shostakovich and Eisenstein – under Stalin

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In 1959, Shostakovich appeared on stage in Moscow at the end of a concert performance of his Fifth Symphony, congratulating

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Shostakovich voting in the election of the Council of Administration of Soviet Musicians in Moscow in 1974 (photograph by

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was a humiliating experience, culminating in a New York press conference where he was expected to read a prepared speech.

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was on the offensive. As a result, Soviet authorities and the international public were puzzled by the tragic tone of the

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of 1969 (a song cycle based on a number of poems on the theme of death). He dedicated the Fourteenth to his close friend

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called Shostakovich "a hack in a trance". A related complaint is that Shostakovich's style is vulgar and strident:

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understood as formalist, so many resorted to accusing their colleagues of writing or performing anti-proletarian music.

9189: 9109: 7601: 7540: 2666: 1384: 1383:, composed in only three days. He subtitled the piece "To the victims of fascism and war", ostensibly in memory of the 445:. When his term of exile ended, Szostakowicz decided to remain in Siberia. He eventually became a successful banker in 299: 9149: 9129: 7891: 7314: 6880: 6360: 6184: 2972: 2352: 2148:", which ridiculed the "anti-formalist" campaign and was kept hidden until after his death. He was a close friend of 1857:

could not be performed until after Stalin's death in March 1953, along with all the other works that were forbidden.

450: 4763: 4380: 9169: 9119: 9104: 7657: 6954: 3936: 2007:; the vulgarity of "low" music is a notable influence on this "greatest of eclectics". McBurney traces this to the 1753:

my ideas openly instead of having to resort to camouflage." Articles Shostakovich published in 1934 and 1935 cited

1556: 1224: 901: 698:

and Lydia Zhukova. Shostakovich later said that Sollertinsky "taught to understand and love such great masters as

564: 1990:

Salonen has since performed and recorded several of Shostakovich's works, including leading the world premiere of

1571:

Shostakovich left behind several recordings of his own piano works; other noted interpreters of his music include

9199: 7942: 7838: 7833: 6926: 4785: 2453: 2432: 2398: 2358: 2346: 1833: 1796:. While his chamber works were largely tonal, the late chamber works, which Grove's Dictionary calls a "world of 1299: 1151: 774: 749: 462: 270: 6808: 6386:. Compiled by L. Grigoryev and Y. Platek. Translated by Angus and Neilian Roxburgh. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 1668:

Quartets. Other works include operas, concertos, chamber music, and a large quantity of theatre and film music.

1496:

A preoccupation with his own mortality permeates Shostakovich's later works, such as the later quartets and the

9139: 8115: 7643: 7308: 7157: 7152: 7136: 7126: 7116: 7111: 3292: 3001: 2380: 2364: 2038: 1820:'s "ability to build a jolly melody on sad intonations". Examples of works that included Jewish themes are the 1739:. The influence of Russian church and folk music is evident in his works for unaccompanied choir of the 1950s. 1724: 1509: 1497: 1421: 1361: 1260: 757: 291: 1138:

in late July 1945; he completed it on 30 August. It was shorter and lighter in texture than its predecessors.

7962: 7947: 7622: 7266: 7100: 7095: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7042: 7032: 7027: 6996: 6047: 5891: 2618: 2425: 2394: 1997: 1786: 1770: 1657: 1653: 1135: 1110: 1079: 989: 973: 952: 683: 556: 473: 258: 254: 31: 8308: 3464: 2481: 9124: 9094: 9089: 8869: 8084: 7854: 7828: 6873: 6087: 6065: 6039: 2550: 2390: 1937: 1057: 728: 17: 6572:

Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator

4542: 7859: 7823: 7375: 6970: 6073: 5683:

Gerstel, Jennifer (1999). "Irony, Deception, and Political Culture in the Works of Dmitri Shostakovich".

2162:

It is also uncertain to what extent Shostakovich expressed his opposition to the state in his music. The

2149: 2111: 1545: 295: 5378:"Facing the music: Esa-Pekka Salonen: The conductor and composer on lighting, left arms, Berg and Björk" 2140:

many aspects of the regime, as confirmed by his family, his letters to Isaac Glikman, and the satirical

8779: 7886: 7357: 6288: 5353: 4775: 4280:

Shostakovich, Dmitri (January 2024). Rowell, Bryan (ed.). "Shostakovich in America: Three Interviews".

2494: 2370: 2068:. Zoshchenko's influence in particular is evident in his letters, which include wry parodies of Soviet 1936:, his British contemporary, described him as "the greatest composer of the 20th century". Musicologist 1853:

refused to approve his music in 1949 under the pressure of the anti-Semitism that gripped the country.

1480:

In later life, Shostakovich suffered from chronic ill health, but he resisted giving up cigarettes and

1357: 664: 513: 497: 481: 358: 5917: 9144: 7512: 6477: 2448: 2409: 2199:

said, "Shostakovich very often explained his intentions with very specific images and connotations."

2042: 740: 5881:

Index biographique des membres et associés de l'Académie royale de Belgique (1769–2005). (in French)

9184: 8410: 7967: 7547: 7435: 7400: 5349: 5253: 2334: 1917: 1295:

activist Margarita Kainova, in 1956; the couple proved ill-matched, and divorced five years later.

1178: 1158: 1139: 840: 303: 6002:

The Sound of Hope: Music as Solace, Resistance and Salvation During the Holocaust and World War II

2300:. Shostakovich also played the piano solos in recordings of the Cello Sonata, Op. 40 with cellist 1843:

In 1948, Shostakovich acquired a book of Jewish folk songs, from which he composed the song cycle

1792:

After 1936, Shostakovich's music became more conservative. During this time he also composed more

679:

led the American premiere the next year in Philadelphia and also made the work's first recording.

671:

After the competition, Shostakovich and Oborin spent a week in Berlin. There he met the conductor

8048: 8020: 7615: 7587: 7407: 7274: 7003: 6545: 6499: 6097: 4063: 2582: 2172: 2118: 2101: 1902:

compositions which were completely unknown or could be traced quite indirectly," Digonskaya said.

1845: 1274: 1219: 1207: 1145: 1044: 1003:

Fifth was characterized as "A Soviet artist's creative response to just criticism." The composer

995: 832: 275: 6861:

University of Houston Moderated Discussion List: Dmitri Shostakovich and other Russian Composers

660: 365:. Stage works include three completed operas and three ballets. Shostakovich also wrote several 8793: 7975: 7897: 7880: 7636: 7533: 7484: 7350: 2441: 2163: 2003:

Shostakovich borrows extensively from the material and styles both of earlier composers and of

1602: 1023: 965: 442: 6105: 4598: 3974: 1981:

was critical of Shostakovich and refused to conduct his music. For instance, he said in 1987:

8747: 8457: 8185: 8138: 8067: 8053: 7505: 7325: 6946: 6695: 6145: 4517: 4103: 3768: 3265: 2487: 2305: 1992: 1709: 1672: 1572: 1541: 1489: 1324: 1287: 711: 667:, Ginzburg, and Bryushkov (it is commonly thought that I am worse than them) is not worth it. 326: 8975:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1971–1975

8970:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1967–1971

8965:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1963–1967

8960:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1959–1963

8955:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1955–1959

8950:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1951–1955

8945:

Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1947–1951

8351: 8197: 1769:, "and especially Stravinsky" among his influences. Key works of the earlier period are the 8879: 8874: 8635: 8540: 8207: 7980: 6978: 6717: 5591: 4700:...Oistrakh's recordings remain the benchmark against which all others have to be measured. 2956: 2507: 2152: 2145: 1816:

In the 1940s, Shostakovich began to show an interest in Jewish themes. He was intrigued by

1728: 1684: 1560: 1365: 1313: 1303: 1191: 1114: 852: 549: 509: 485: 6431: 3840:(July 1995). "Galina Ustvolskaya: 'Sind Sie mir nicht böse!' (very nearly an interview)". 2296:

and later reissued on CD. Shostakovich recorded the two concertos in stereo in Moscow for

2244:

put forward further revisionist interpretations of his music, and Elizabeth Wilson, whose

290:, performances of his music were occasionally subject to state interventions, as with his 8: 8817: 8623: 8247: 7919: 7608: 7594: 7456: 7442: 7343: 6469: 5357: 3107: 2543: 2403: 2288:

In May 1958, during a visit to Paris, Shostakovich recorded his two piano concertos with

1431: 1410: 1281:

During the 1940s and 1950s, Shostakovich had close relationships with two of his pupils,

1244: 909: 220: 5583: 2280: 1773:, which combined the academicism of the conservatory with his progressive inclinations; 8611: 8599: 8487: 8451: 8428: 8380: 8277: 8241: 7925: 7554: 7428: 7414: 6284: 5980: 5692: 5647: 5289: 4634: 4625: 4603: 4353: 4301: 4219: 4211: 3863: 3855: 3837: 3349: 3297: 3178: 2269: 2224: 2189: 2065: 1957: 1850: 1745: 1735:'s influence is most apparent in the earlier piano works, such as the first sonata and 1576: 1505: 1473: 1467: 1396: 1282: 1083: 928: 897: 877: 873: 803: 768: 721:

While writing the Second Symphony, Shostakovich also began work on his satirical opera

545: 501: 480:, who monitored his progress closely and promoted him. Shostakovich studied piano with 477: 225: 8181: 6731:

D. D. Shostakovich: Between the Moment and Eternity. Documents. Articles. Publications

3897: 1075:

The photograph for which he posed was published in newspapers throughout the country.

972:

In the months between the withdrawal of the Fourth Symphony and the completion of the

8700: 8576: 8570: 8546: 8386: 8339: 8026: 7952: 7463: 7282: 7010: 6938: 6822: 6787: 6703: 6669: 6654: 6642: 6624: 6606: 6575: 6549: 6527: 6505: 6481: 6455: 6421: 6400: 6356: 6334: 6312: 6262: 6240: 6218: 6199: 6180: 6172: 6157: 6130: 6124: 6109: 6051: 6024: 6005: 5986: 5965: 5532: 5361: 5345: 5299: 5280: 5188: 5151: 5003: 4869: 4859: 4576: 4329: 4223: 3980: 3957: 3867: 3774: 3271: 2997: 2968: 2662: 2526: 2196: 2181: 2177: 2128:

Shostakovich represented himself in some works with the DSCH motif, consisting of D-E

2083: 1978: 1921: 1906:

Among these were Shostakovich's piano and vocal sketches for a prologue to an opera,

1758: 1704: 1700: 1595: 1588: 1517: 1388: 1344: 1320: 1264: 1186: 1170: 1004: 921: 868: 795: 715: 691: 676: 568: 8469: 8416: 8404: 6766: 6171:

Haas, David (2000). "Shostakovich's Eighth: C minor Symphony against the Grain". In

5912: 2289: 1719:

he reorchestrated; Mussorgsky's influence is most prominent in the wintry scenes of

1457:. After the protests, the sentence was commuted, and Brodsky returned to Leningrad. 8841: 8735: 8706: 8647: 8558: 8422: 8357: 8229: 8191: 8173: 7470: 7333: 7320: 6962: 6920: 6447: 6101: 4203: 4059: 3847: 2597: 2420: 2386: 2313: 2252: 1837: 1775: 1732: 1671:

Shostakovich's music shows the influence of many of the composers he most admired:

1606: 1533: 1501: 1454: 1442: 1328: 1182: 1174: 1007:, who had been among those who disassociated themselves from Shostakovich when the 825:

The next day, Shostakovich left for Arkhangelsk, where he heard on 28 January that

799: 723: 601: 454: 438: 430: 403: 370: 286:, with professional consequences lasting several years. Even after his censure was 283: 8564: 8522: 8217: 2000:

as "overrated", adding that he was "very suspicious of heroic things in general".

1970:: "brutally hammering ... and monotonous". English composer and musicologist 1122: 8718: 8664: 8363: 8322: 8223: 8201: 8167: 7519: 7498: 7449: 7393: 6834: 6742: 6370: 6348: 6326: 6254: 5110: 5084: 4782: 4348: 4094: 4024: 3842: 3053: 2555: 2077: 2050: 2031: 1961: 1913: 1414: 1339:

The year 1960 marked another turning point in Shostakovich's life: he joined the

1236: 1232: 1098:. The city's remaining orchestra only had 14 musicians left, which led conductor 900:, who was eventually released but died before he returned home; his close friend 811: 699: 418: 8688: 5930: 1169:

In 1948, Shostakovich, along with many other composers, was again denounced for

646:

called Shostakovich's playing "profound and lacking any salon-like mannerisms."

8759: 8753: 8712: 8670: 8605: 8499: 8493: 8392: 8345: 8265: 8235: 8211: 8155: 8039: 8009: 7491: 7291: 6567: 6495: 5249: 4115: 4075: 3096: 2538: 2340: 2309: 2301: 2167: 2089: 1971: 1933: 1908: 1766: 1584: 1513: 1450: 1446: 1438: 1387:

that took place in 1945. Yet like the Tenth Symphony, the quartet incorporates

1353: 1308: 1117:

Symphony". The symphony was received tepidly in the Soviet Union and the West.

1099: 1039: 1019: 917: 807: 707: 407: 342: 311: 8694: 6860: 6843: 5755: 4712: 3911: 3851: 2801:] (in Russian). Leningrad/Moscow: Советский композитор . pp. 111–112. 1368:

and was completed in 1961, was dedicated to Lenin and called "The Year 1917".

398:

Birthplace of Shostakovich (now School No. 267). Commemorative plaque at left.

8863: 8805: 8617: 8593: 8481: 8259: 8149: 8015: 7997: 7477: 6838: 6738: 6392: 6232: 6069: 5258: 4580: 3833: 3610: 2531: 2237: 2185: 2061: 2057: 2004: 1949: 1945: 1836:(1944). He was further inspired to write with Jewish themes when he examined 1793: 1715: 1692: 1485: 1420:

That year saw Shostakovich again turn to the subject of anti-Semitism in his

1401: 1196: 1130: 956: 836: 787: 779: 732: 703: 505: 415: 346: 330: 8094: 4683:"Shostakovich: Violin Concertos Nos 1 and 2 CD review – technically perfect" 4381:"Shostakovich and his mysterious neurologic disease – Hektoen International" 3894:"1980 Summer Olympics Official Report from the Organizing Committee, vol. 2" 927:

Shostakovich's daughter Galina was born during this period in 1936; his son

508:, where he conducted the conservatory orchestra in a private performance of 504:'s music history classes. In 1925, he enrolled in the conducting classes of 8853: 8829: 8682: 8676: 8552: 8528: 8505: 8177: 5382: 5138: 5000:

All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music

4687: 4594: 4453: 4054: 4023:

Manashir Yakubov, Programme notes for the 1998 Shostakovich seasons at the

3961: 1953: 1817: 1762: 1641: 1580: 695: 672: 650: 489: 265: 8641: 6397:

Story of a Friendship: The Letters of Dmitry Shostakovich to Isaak Glikman

5365: 4865:

A Conductor's Guide to Choral-Orchestral Works, Twentieth Century, Part II

4798: 4207: 1154:, dedicated to the memory of Sollertinsky, with a Jewish-inspired finale. 1105:

The Shostakovich family moved to Moscow in spring 1943, by which time the

608:, and Josif Shvarts, he was among the Soviet contestants in the inaugural 394: 8534: 8475: 8463: 8434: 7260: 6853: 5316: 4444: 3169: 2376: 2308:; the Violin Sonata, Op. 134, in a private recording made with violinist 2156: 2069: 2008: 1948:

dismissed Shostakovich's music as "the second, or even third pressing of

1680: 1348: 1143:

serious problems for the sake of playful, filigree-trimmed trifles." The

1118: 959:, and gave him problems as he attempted to reform his style. Despite the 893: 856: 819: 744: 241: 8107: 5696: 4215: 1125:, who had conducted the symphony's Mexican premiere, praised it highly. 1096:

subsequently performed in Leningrad while the city was still under siege

306:(1960–1968). Over the course of his career, he earned several important 8741: 8253: 8003: 6818: 2622: 2312:; and the Piano Trio, Op. 67 with violinist David Oistrakh and cellist 2272:' should also say 'And in this house his wife was brutally murdered'." 2192: 1754: 1696: 1610: 1392: 1268: 1215: 1053: 1035: 605: 466: 374: 366: 350: 6865: 3859: 3770:

Landscapes in Music: Space, Place, and Time in the World's Great Music

1512:

of 1971 is, by contrast, melodic and retrospective in nature, quoting

955:. The work continued a shift in his style, influenced by the music of 635:

and extreme dynamic contrasts, was unlike anything he had ever heard.

341:(two each for piano, violin, and cello). His chamber works include 15 8990:

Seventh convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

7948:

Saint Petersburg Academic Philharmonia Named After D. D. Shostakovich

3669: 2218: 2046: 1805: 1797: 1637: 976:

on 20 July 1937, the only concert work Shostakovich composed was the

905: 563:

himself. By late 1925, Malko agreed to conduct its premiere with the

318: 268:, but had a complex relationship with its government. His 1934 opera 8995:

Eighth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

6784:

Irony, Satire, Parody and the Grotesque in the Music of Shostakovich

9000:

Ninth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

8985:

Sixth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

8629: 7568: 6844:

The Shostakovich Debate: Interpreting the composer's life and music

6381: 4954: 4882: 4425: 4237: 3059: 2967:] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Композитор . pp. 72–79. 2297: 2213: 1801: 1649: 1633: 1426: 1292: 1106: 1102:

to reinforce it by recruiting anyone who could play an instrument.

1049: 338: 334: 322: 4840: 4191: 3389: 3174:"Shostakovich Affair shows shift in point of view in the U.S.S.R." 1417:; otherwise he declined to conduct, citing nerves and ill health. 6849: 6215:

Dmitri Shostakovich Catalogue: The First Hundred Years and Beyond

4099: 2630: 2141: 1688: 1379:

Shostakovich's musical response to these personal crises was the

1240: 1210:, and serious works "for the desk drawer". The last included the 560: 446: 426: 422: 411: 6257:(2002). "Whose Shostakovich?". In Hamrick Brown, Malcolm (ed.). 5643:"Shostakovich's son says moves against artists led to defection" 4569:"Dmitri Shostakovich Dead at 68 After Hospitalization in Moscow" 2292:, as well as some short piano works. These were issued on LP by 1880:

More than 25 years later, Shostakovich quoted this theme in his

1779:("The most uncompromisingly modernist of all his stage-works"); 1113:, which in the Western press had briefly acquired the nickname " 790:

paid a rare visit to the opera for a performance of a new work,

453:, graduating in 1899. He then went to work as an engineer under 6417:

The Jewish Experience in Classical Music: Shostakovich and Asia

4740:"The Beethoven Quartet's Unique Relationship with Shostakovich" 4630:"Tatyana Nikolayeva, 69, Dead; Pianist and Shostakovich Expert" 3581:] (in Russian). Moscow: Советский композитор . p. 193. 3025:] (in Russian). Moscow: Советский композитор . p. 215. 2762: 1808:. Vocal works are also a prominent feature of his late output. 1528: 1087: 827: 632: 421:

descent, tracing his family roots to the region of the town of

354: 2996:] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Композитор . p. 3. 2248:

provides testimony from many of the composer's acquaintances.

1488:, but consensus on his diagnosis is unclear. He also suffered 1465:

In 1964, Shostakovich composed the music for the Russian film

1312:, Opus 76a: Finale" was played as the cauldron was lit at the 710:" and that he instilled in him "an interest in music ... from 516:. According to the recollections of the composer's classmate, 414:, but his paternal grandfather, Bolesław Szostakowicz, was of 402:

Born into a Russian family that lived on Podolskaya Street in

6399:. Translated by Phillips, Anthony. Cornell University Press. 5782: 5194: 4979: 4942: 4930: 4828: 4407:"Shostakovich Has Heart Attack After Performing in Leningrad" 4192:"The Rhetoric of Reference; or, Shostakovich's Ghost Quartet" 2268:

where notes that the plaque that reads 'In this house lived

1676: 1481: 913: 694:, whom he had first met in 1921 through their mutual friends 493: 434: 8824: 4249: 951:

editorials coincided with the composition of Shostakovich's

8910:

Foreign members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

5851: 5530:

Vesa Sirén: "Mitä setämies sai sanoa Neuvostoliitossa?" in

4713:"Квартет им. Бетховена исполняет квартеты Бетховена (8 CD)" 3976:

New York Philharmonic: The Authorized Recordings, 1917–2005

2284:

A Russian stamp in Shostakovich's memory, published in 2000

2263:

reconsidered", showing that the only pages of the original

6828:

Complete catalogue of works, with many additional comments

5732: 5551: 5040: 4894: 4261: 3209: 3185: 3127: 2889: 2877: 2554:, a series of oil paintings in tribute to the composer by 2469:

Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium

2255:

contested the authenticity and debate the significance of

1548:, which was first performed officially on 1 October 1975. 1437:

In 1965, Shostakovich raised his voice in defence of poet

1022:. In September 1937, he began to teach composition at the 612:

in Warsaw in 1927. Bogdanov-Berezhovsky later remembered:

9045:

Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art

5841: 5839: 5799: 5797: 5620:, Symphony No. 10, and String Quartets Nos 5, 8 & 11. 5317:"BBC Proms: Batiashvili, Philharmonia Orchestra, Salonen" 5052: 4005: 3993: 3312: 3245: 2293: 2117:

Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can

261:

in 1926 and thereafter was regarded as a major composer.

8307: 5863: 5826: 5824: 5434: 5410: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5166: 5064: 3690: 3688: 3659: 3657: 3459:[Controversial work by Shostakovich premiered]. 1559:

in Moscow. A civic funeral was held; he was interred in

1078:

Shostakovich's most famous wartime contribution was the

1042:

commissioned a celebratory piece from Shostakovich, the

1014:

It was also at this time that Shostakovich composed the

302:(from 1962 until his death), as well as chairman of the 6722:

D. D. Shostakovich: Collections to the 90th anniversary

4480: 4385:

Hektoen Internsational: A Journal of Medical Humanities

4297:"Neither Yevtushenko Nor Shostakovich Should Be Blamed" 3401: 2901: 2853: 2041:). His favorite football club was Zenit Leningrad (now 1912:(1932). They were orchestrated by the British composer 916:; his uncle Maxim Kostrykin (died); and his colleagues 294:(1962). Nevertheless, Shostakovich was a member of the 6355:. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. 5836: 5809: 5794: 5752:"Dmitri Shostakovich filmed in 1975 during rehearsals" 5623: 5563: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5495: 5446: 5016: 4906: 4816: 4122: 3736: 3724: 3630: 3077: 2865: 2817: 8777: 6333:(in German). Bergisch Gladbach: Gustav Lübbe Verlag. 5821: 5539: 5422: 5028: 4468: 4171: 4159: 4134: 4030: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3787: 3748: 3712: 3700: 3685: 3654: 3554: 3479: 3437: 3413: 3377: 3345:"Music; Found: Shostakovich's Long-Lost Twin Brother" 3197: 2587: 2232:

Maxim has repeatedly said he is "a supporter both of

2034:

recalled, "his face was a bag of tics and grimaces."

1804:, although he treated these thematically rather than 472:

In 1919, at age 13, Shostakovich was admitted to the

8905:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

7958:

International Shostakovich Chamber Music Competition

5616:

This appears in several of his works, including the

5398: 4599:"Mstislav Rostropovich, 80, Dissident Maestro, Dies" 3874: 3530: 3518: 3491: 3324: 3233: 3139: 3041: 3029: 2988:

Shostakovich, Dmitri (2006). Вульфсон, А. В. (ed.).

2937: 2774: 2546:

featuring Shostakovich as one of its main characters

1134:

Shostakovich began to compose his actual, unrelated

988:

The composer's response to his denunciation was the

855:

to make sure that he was all right. When the writer

9070:

Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour

8920:

Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

6641:(2nd ed.). Princeton University Press. 2006b. 6522: 6390: 6331:

Schostakowitsch – Sein Leben, sein Werk, seine Zeit

6217:(4th ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 5770: 5507: 5465: 5133: 5131: 4960: 4888: 4766:

Musicweb International. Retrieved 18 November 2005.

4431: 4243: 4153: 3395: 2961:Шостакович в Ленинградской консерватории: 1919–1930 2925: 2913: 2503:

Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture

2056:Shostakovich was fond of satirical writers such as 2045:), which he would watch regularly. He also enjoyed 1703:. Among Russian composers, he particularly admired 1223:. The cycle was written at a time when the postwar 278:, putting his career at risk. In 1948 his work was 30:"Shostakovich" redirects here. For other uses, see 6698:. In Kirkman, Andrew; Ivashkin, Alexander (eds.). 6605:(1st ed.). Princeton University Press. 1994. 4918: 3799: 3642: 3585: 3542: 3100: 2661:. US: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 676–677. 2659:Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema 1869:One example is the main theme of Katerina's aria, 1082:. The composer wrote the first three movements in 908:and later released; his friend the Marxist writer 862:On 6 February, Shostakovich was again attacked in 9065:Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution 8980:Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 6696:"Shostakovich, Old Believers and New Minimalists" 6037: 4535: 3425: 3365: 3221: 3151: 3065: 2841: 2829: 2805: 2768: 2750: 2598:[ˈdmʲitrʲɪjˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕʂəstɐˈkovʲɪtɕ] 2236:and of Volkov." Other prominent revisionists are 1977:In the 1980s, the Finnish conductor and composer 1504:, who conducted its Western premiere at the 1970 9055:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples 9035:Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres 8861: 6700:Contemplating Shostakovich: Life, Music and Film 6068:; Fay, Laurel (2001). "Dmitri Shostakovich". In 5982:The Music of Dmitri Shostakovich, the Symphonies 5720: 5128: 3832: 3512:Dmitry Shostakovich: About Himself and His Times 3457:"Shostakovitshin kiistelty teos kantaesitettiin" 2738: 2726: 2714: 2251:Musicians and scholars including Laurel Fay and 1248:, which praised Stalin as the "great gardener". 8930:Academic staff of Saint Petersburg Conservatory 8062:The War Symphonies: Shostakovich Against Stalin 7422:The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda 7344:Novorossiisk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory 6090:(2001). "Shostakovich, Dmitry (Dmitriyevich)". 6079:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 5892:"Léonie Sonning Prize 1973 Dmitri Sjostakovitj" 4387:. Hektoen Institute of Medicine. 23 August 2019 2702: 2675: 1785:, which precipitated the denunciation; and the 1157:In 1947, Shostakovich was made a deputy to the 1121:expressed his disappointment in the piece, but 1048:, to be performed as the marching bands of the 5985:. The great composers. Associated Univ Press. 5592:Parameters, Journal of the US Army War College 4657:"Yudina, Maria (1899–1970) | Encyclopedia.com" 3514:. Moscow: Progress Publishers. pp. 89–90. 3463:(in Finnish). 1 September 2001. Archived from 2692: 2690: 2656: 8293: 8123: 8099: 6881: 6542:Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich 6524:Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich 6501:Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich 6064: 5685:Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 5200: 4985: 4973: 4948: 4936: 4846: 2575: 2081: 9050:Recipients of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize 6476:. Translated by Guy Daniels (1st ed.). 6468: 6156:. Indiana University Press. pp. 22–66. 6050:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. 6021:White Death: Russia's War on Finland 1939–40 5137: 4326:Brezhnev and the Decline of the Soviet Union 4279: 4255: 3509: 2987: 2211:, that Shostakovich adopted the role of the 2095: 737:Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians 555:Shostakovich's musical breakthrough was the 9210:Deaths from lung cancer in the Soviet Union 9075:Recipients of the Shevchenko National Prize 8900:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members 5935:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 5923: 5584:"The Fall and Rise of Marshal Tukhachevsky" 5581: 5471: 4510: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 2955: 2687: 1623:List of compositions by Dmitri Shostakovich 1255:Shostakovich playing the piano in the 1950s 9085:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 8300: 8286: 8130: 8116: 7651:Suite on Verses of Michelangelo Buonarroti 6888: 6874: 6653:(2nd ed. – Kindle) Faber and Faber. 2010. 6193: 5738: 4189: 4011: 3603: 3102:"When opera was a matter of life or death" 3060:Shostakovich/Grigoryev & Platek (1981) 2965:Shostakovich at the Leningrad Conservatory 1944:Some modern composers have been critical. 1891: 1555:Shostakovich died on 9 August 1975 at the 1430:). The symphony sets a number of poems by 1086:; he completed the work in Kuybyshev (now 1026:, which provided some financial security. 567:after Steinberg and Shostakovich's friend 500:, who became his friend. He also attended 369:, and a substantial quantity of music for 58: 8137: 7630:Seven Romances on Poems by Alexander Blok 6813:International Music Score Library Project 6763:Shostakovich & Other Soviet Composers 6384:Shostakovich: About Himself and His Times 6347: 6231: 5754:. YouTube. 9 January 2008. Archived from 5464:Mentioned in his personal correspondence 5070: 5058: 4624: 4518:"The Right Notes Shostakovich and Stalin" 4090:"Shostakovich Out; Sviridov Gets His Job" 4050:"Russ Replace Shostakovich as Union Head" 3937:"2004 Athens Opening Ceremony Music List" 2907: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2415:Ten Poems on Texts by Revolutionary Poets 1727:, as well as in satirical works such as " 1302:; it was used as the theme music for the 1036:Soviet forces attempted to invade Finland 6446: 6275: 6253: 5416: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5172: 4997: 4822: 4737: 4680: 4360: 4152:Letter dated 19 July 1960, reprinted in 3912:"Lighting of the Cauldron | Athens 2004" 3773:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 84. 3572: 3407: 3016: 2792: 2279: 1644:. In some of his later works (e.g., the 1527: 1520:and the composer's own Fourth Symphony. 1370: 1250: 1058:war between the Soviet Union and Germany 938: 767: 610:I International Chopin Piano Competition 579: 393: 279: 264:Shostakovich achieved early fame in the 9040:Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR winners 8915:Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium 6895: 6668:(new ed.). Faber and Faber. 2011. 6637: 6623:(2nd ed.). Faber and Faber. 2006. 6413: 6369: 6306: 6106:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.52560 6044:The Cambridge Companion to Shostakovich 6018: 5978: 5894:. Léonie Sonning Music Foundation. 2019 5682: 5034: 4443: 4294: 4140: 3742: 3730: 3675: 3560: 3443: 3290: 3215: 3191: 3133: 3083: 2823: 2799:The Young Years of Shostakovich, Book 1 866:, this time for his light comic ballet 437:in 1866 in the crackdown that followed 433:of 1863–64, Szostakowicz was exiled to 158: 1932; died 1954) 27:Soviet composer and pianist (1906–1975) 14: 8940:Members of the Soviet of Nationalities 8862: 6664: 6619: 6601: 6566: 5629: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5501: 5477: 5452: 5440: 5108: 5082: 5046: 5022: 4912: 4900: 4681:Clements, Andrew (25 September 2014). 4593: 4498: 4267: 4177: 4165: 4036: 3999: 3820: 3793: 3766: 3754: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3679: 3485: 3419: 3383: 3318: 3251: 3203: 3047: 3035: 2696: 2221:in his relations with the government. 2188:in his work, most notably his musical 2155:, who was executed in 1937 during the 1916:and premiered in December 2011 by the 1164: 8925:Academic staff of Moscow Conservatory 8281: 8111: 8098: 8034:Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox 6869: 6325: 6212: 6023:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 5999: 5959: 5869: 5857: 5845: 5830: 5815: 5803: 5428: 5314: 5147:found, finished, set for Disney Hall" 4858: 4474: 4449:"Symphony guide: Shostakovich's 15th" 4323: 4128: 3972: 3880: 3663: 3536: 3524: 3497: 3330: 3263: 2943: 2931: 2919: 2596: 1840:'s 1944 thesis on Jewish folk music. 763: 484:and Elena Rozanova, composition with 8935:Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni 8309:Léonie Sonning Music Prize Laureates 6928:Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District 6782:Sheinberg, Esti (29 December 2000). 6194:Ho, Allan; Feofanov, Dmitry (1998). 6170: 5404: 5141:; Johnson, Reed (27 November 2011). 4328:. New York: Routledge. p. 107. 3575:Шостакович. Жизнь и творчество, Т. 2 3291:Charles, Eleanor (3 February 1985). 3115:from the original on 11 January 2022 3019:Шостакович. Жизнь и творчество, Т. 1 2195:. His longtime musical collaborator 1875:Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District 1334: 816:Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District 325:; he was also heavily influenced by 9175:Soviet people of Belarusian descent 9100:Jazz-influenced classical composers 8895:20th-century Russian male musicians 6729:Kovnatskaya, Liudmila, ed. (2000). 6152:. In Hamrick Brown, Malcolm (ed.). 6143: 6122: 5788: 5776: 5726: 5709: 5606:from the original on 18 March 2020. 5518: 5489: 4924: 4834: 4738:Margolis, Sasha (23 October 2020). 4486: 4295:Sheldon, Richard (25 August 1985). 3808: 3648: 3636: 3591: 3579:Shostakovich. Life and Work, vol. 2 3548: 3431: 3371: 3342: 3267:Dmitri Shostakovich: A Life in Film 3239: 3227: 3157: 3145: 3071: 3023:Shostakovich. Life and Work, vol. 1 2847: 2835: 2811: 2780: 2756: 2744: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2681: 1391:from several of his past works and 1181:, accused the composers (including 1038:, the Party Secretary of Leningrad 1029: 831:had published an editorial titled " 353:. His solo piano works include two 24: 9080:Recipients of the USSR State Prize 7602:The Sun Shines Over Our Motherland 6809:Free scores by Dmitri Shostakovich 6686: 6526:(7th ed.). Proscenium. 2000. 6454:. University of California Press. 5109:Harris, Stephen (24 August 2015). 3618:from the original on 27 April 2022 2451:(1976, posthumous – for the opera 2275: 1860: 1471:, which was favorably reviewed by 1177:. Andrei Zhdanov, Chairman of the 1084:Leningrad while it was under siege 984:Fifth Symphony and return to favor 333:. His orchestral works include 15 300:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union 276:condemned by the Soviet government 274:was initially a success but later 25: 9226: 9205:Deaths from lung cancer in Russia 7315:Suite for Variety Orchestra No. 1 6802: 6504:(1st ed.). Faber and Faber. 6420:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 5691:(4). University of Manitoba: 38. 5466:Shostakovich & Glikman (2001) 5115:Shostakovich: The String Quartets 5089:Shostakovich: The String Quartets 4961:Shostakovich & Glikman (2001) 4889:Shostakovich & Glikman (2001) 4543:"Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–1975)" 4432:Shostakovich & Glikman (2001) 4244:Shostakovich & Glikman (2001) 4190:Rabinowitz, Peter J. (May 2007). 4154:Shostakovich & Glikman (2001) 2957:Kovnatskaya, Liudmila Grigorievna 2795:Молодые годы Шостаковича, Книга 1 2501:In 1962, he was nominated for an 2353:Order of the Red Banner of Labour 1632:Shostakovich's works are broadly 978:Four Romances on Texts by Pushkin 935:Withdrawal of the Fourth Symphony 892:1936 marked the beginning of the 9165:Russian male classical composers 9060:Recipients of the Order of Lenin 8885:20th-century classical composers 8847: 8835: 8823: 8811: 8799: 8787: 8080: 8079: 7658:Four Verses of Captain Lebyadkin 5906: 5884: 5875: 5744: 5703: 5676: 5667: 5635: 5610: 5582:Mc Granahan, William J. (1978). 5575: 5524: 5482: 5458: 5370: 5335: 5315:Brown, Ismene (17 August 2011). 5308: 5274: 5242: 5178: 5102: 5083:Harris, Stephen (9 April 2016). 5076: 5002:. Backbeat Books. p. 1262. 4991: 4966: 4852: 4791: 4769: 4757: 4731: 4705: 4674: 4649: 4618: 4587: 4561: 4492: 4437: 4399: 4342: 4317: 4288: 4273: 4183: 3979:. Scarecrow Press. p. 117. 3846:. New Series (193): 31–33 (32). 2589:Dmitry Dmitriyevich Shostakovich 1830:Four Monologues on Pushkin Poems 1811: 1699:in his use of musical codes and 1298:In 1954, Shostakovich wrote the 682:In 1927, Shostakovich wrote his 565:Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra 429:. A Polish revolutionary in the 251:Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich 240: 182: 83:Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire 9215:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery 9180:Soviet people of Polish descent 8890:20th-century classical pianists 7943:Dmitri Shostakovich-class ferry 6666:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 6639:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 6621:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 6603:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 6591:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 6276:McBurney, Gerard (March 2023). 5931:"The 34th Academy Awards: 1962" 5342:Orango Prologue; Symphony No. 4 4799:"Tonality | music | Britannica" 4146: 4082: 4042: 4017: 3966: 3951: 3929: 3904: 3886: 3826: 3760: 3597: 3566: 3503: 3449: 3343:Fay, Laurel E. (6 April 2003). 3336: 3284: 3257: 3163: 3089: 3010: 2981: 2949: 2786: 2769:Fairclough & Fanning (2008) 2433:Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR 2429:for bass, chorus and orchestra) 2381:Symphony No. 11 "The Year 1905" 2347:Order of the October Revolution 2246:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 2027:Shostakovich: A Life Remembered 1325:New York Philharmonic Orchestra 798:, by the little-known composer 649:Shostakovich was stricken with 575: 329:and by the late Romanticism of 202: 178: 155: 9025:Recipients of the Stalin Prize 9010:People's Artists of Azerbaijan 7644:Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva 7309:Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2 7304:Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1 5185:British Composers in Interview 4868:. Scarecrow Press. p. 5. 2650: 2611: 2568: 2080:in 1973. His widow later told 2015: 1052:paraded through Helsinki. The 314:, from the Soviet government. 13: 1: 9135:Residents of the Benois House 9030:Recipients of the Lenin Prize 9015:People's Artists of the RSFSR 7963:London Shostakovich Orchestra 7892:Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor 7623:The Execution of Stepan Razin 6382:Shostakovich, Dmitri (1981). 6048:Cambridge Companions to Music 5952: 4998:Woodstra, Chris, ed. (2005). 4102:. 18 May 1968. Archived from 4062:. 17 May 1968. Archived from 3896:. p. 283. Archived from 3510:Shostakovich, Dmitri (1981). 3293:"Shostakovich Orchestra Role" 2994:Letters to I. I. Sollertinsky 2619:Eastern Slavic naming customs 2577:Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович 2426:The Execution of Stepan Razin 1952:". The Romanian composer and 1927: 1460: 1453:, and the French philosopher 876:, who reported to Stalin and 518:Valerian Bogdanov-Berezhovsky 32:Shostakovich (disambiguation) 9160:Russian film score composers 9020:People's Artists of the USSR 6786:. UK: Ashgate. p. 378. 6733:. St Petersburg: Kompozitor. 6724:. St Petersburg: Kompozitor. 6694:Ivashkin, Alexander (2016). 6353:Dmitri Shostakovich, Pianist 6261:. Indiana University Press. 3270:. I. B. Tauris. p. 32. 2644: 2359:People's Artist of the RSFSR 2114: 1306:. (His "Theme from the film 912:, who spent 20 years in the 441:'s assassination attempt on 384: 7: 9195:Soviet film score composers 9115:Soviet male opera composers 7839:Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor 7834:Piano Trio No. 1 in C minor 7527:The Unforgettable Year 1919 7376:March of the Soviet Militia 6179:. Oxford University Press. 6129:. Oxford University Press. 5468:, as well as other sources. 2990:Письма И. И. Соллертинскому 2588: 2514: 2407:and the score for the film 2365:People's Artist of the USSR 2150:Marshal of the Soviet Union 1627: 1179:Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 1159:Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 451:Saint Petersburg University 307: 296:Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 10: 9231: 9155:Russian classical pianists 9005:Heroes of Socialist Labour 6850:"Discovering Shostakovich" 6082:(2nd ed.). Macmillan. 5354:Los Angeles Master Chorale 5298:, p. 73. Helsinki: Tammi. 5296:Kirja – puhetta musiikitta 3604:Digonskaya, Ol'ga (2009). 3396:Shostakovich/Volkov (2000) 2617:In this name that follows 2495:Royal Philharmonic Society 2482:Léonie Sonning Music Prize 2099: 1620: 1358:Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1263:. It features a number of 1092:first American performance 931:was born two years later. 536:... Moments of these sorts 29: 9190:Soviet classical pianists 9110:Male film score composers 8728: 8657: 8586: 8515: 8444: 8373: 8332: 8315: 8145: 8105: 8100:Links to related articles 8076: 7989: 7935: 7912: 7872: 7816: 7674: 7667: 7579: 7385: 7367: 7252: 7221: 7194: 7173: 7166: 7020: 6988: 6912: 6903: 6478:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 6375:Old Friends and New Music 6278:"Shostakovich: Work List" 6213:Hulme, Derek C. (2010) . 6196:Shostakovich Reconsidered 6000:Brown, Kellie D. (2020). 5791:, pp. 153, 198, 249. 4837:, pp. 119, 165, 224. 3852:10.1017/S0040298200004290 3767:Knight, David B. (2006). 2576: 2449:Shevchenko National Prize 2371:International Peace Prize 2323: 2096:Orthodoxy and revisionism 1886:Fourteenth String Quartet 1873:, from the fourth act of 1566: 1557:Central Clinical Hospital 1300:Festive Overture, opus 96 239: 234: 213: 134: 124: 104: 99:Moscow, Soviet Union 88: 69: 57: 48: 41: 9150:Russian ballet composers 9130:String quartet composers 8411:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau 7829:Piano Quintet in G minor 6042:, eds. (November 2008). 6019:Edwards, Robert (2006). 5962:Memories of Shostakovich 5739:Ho & Feofanov (1998) 5536:, p. A6, 2 November 2018 5350:Los Angeles Philharmonic 4012:Ho & Feofanov (1998) 3973:North, James H. (2006). 3573:Khentova, Sofia (1986). 3017:Khentova, Sofia (1985). 2793:Khentova, Sofia (1975). 2561: 2551:Shostakovich (1969–1981) 2423:(1968 – for the cantata 2335:Hero of Socialist Labour 1996:, but has dismissed the 1918:Los Angeles Philharmonic 1616: 1523: 943:Shostakovich before 1941 794:, based on the novel by 389: 304:RSFSR Union of Composers 253:(25 September [ 49: 9170:Russian opera composers 9120:Male operetta composers 9105:Male classical pianists 8352:Witold Lutosławski 8021:Muddle Instead of Music 7824:Cello Sonata in D minor 7616:From Jewish Folk Poetry 7588:Suite on Finnish Themes 6474:Galina, A Russian Story 6311:. New York: New Press. 6259:A Shostakovich Casebook 6177:Shostakovich in Context 6154:A Shostakovich Casebook 6098:Oxford University Press 5960:Ardov, Michael (2004). 5918:Encyclopædia Britannica 3182:. 12 April 1936. p. X5. 2657:Peter Rollberg (2016). 2320:in 1974 was also made. 2209:Shostakovich and Stalin 2180:. He incorporated many 2119:download the audio file 1892:Posthumous publications 1871:Seryozha, khoroshiy moy 1855:From Jewish Folk Poetry 1846:From Jewish Folk Poetry 1832:(1952), as well as the 1695:in the symphonies; and 1540:Despite suffering from 1267:and codes (notably the 1220:From Jewish Folk Poetry 1146:New York World-Telegram 1045:Suite on Finnish Themes 947:The publication of the 833:Muddle Instead of Music 775:Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 750:Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 271:Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 9200:Soviet opera composers 7976:Shostakovich Peninsula 7936:Named for Shostakovich 7904:24 Preludes and Fugues 7881:Three Fantastic Dances 7541:Five Days, Five Nights 6759:"Opus by Shostakovich" 6391:Shostakovich, Dmitri; 6307:McSmith, Andy (2015). 5254:"Shostakovich horrors" 4781:13 August 2018 at the 4776:Shostakovich Peninsula 4324:Crump, Thomas (2014). 2521:Sinyavsky–Daniel trial 2285: 2227:has also commented on 2166:view was put forth by 2082: 2043:Zenit Saint Petersburg 1988: 1904: 1603:Shostakovich Peninsula 1537: 1376: 1256: 1024:Leningrad Conservatory 966:Leningrad Philharmonic 944: 783: 669: 619: 585: 542: 474:Petrograd Conservatory 399: 363:24 preludes and fugues 9140:Russian anti-fascists 8748:Pierre-Laurent Aimard 8458:Mstislav Rostropovich 8186:Einojuhani Rautavaara 8139:Wihuri Sibelius Prize 8068:Wihuri Sibelius Prize 7844:Quartet Movement in E 7328:Encounter at the Elbe 6833:2 August 2020 at the 6743:"Interview with DSCH" 6718:Kovnatskaya, Liudmila 6038:Fairclough, Pauline; 5979:Blokker, Roy (1979). 5860:, pp. xxiii–xxv. 5712:, p. 4 "Whether 4522:www.therightnotes.org 4447:(23 September 2013). 4208:10.1353/nar.2007.0013 2488:Wihuri Sibelius Prize 2437:String Quartet No. 14 2306:Mstislav Rostropovich 2283: 2100:Further information: 1983: 1899: 1882:Eighth String Quartet 1834:Piano Trio in E minor 1826:First Violin Concerto 1822:Fourth String Quartet 1636:but with elements of 1621:Further information: 1587:, and members of the 1573:Mstislav Rostropovich 1542:motor neurone disease 1531: 1381:Eighth String Quartet 1374: 1364:, which portrays the 1288:Mstislav Rostropovich 1254: 1212:Violin Concerto No. 1 942: 771: 656: 614: 583: 529: 397: 361:, and a later set of 8636:Lars Ulrik Mortensen 8541:Nikolaus Harnoncourt 8208:Krzysztof Penderecki 7981:Shostakovich Quartet 6979:Moscow, Cheryomushki 6913:Operas and operettas 6906:List of compositions 6470:Vishnevskaya, Galina 6237:The New Shostakovich 6144:Fay, Laurel (2002). 6126:Shostakovich: A Life 6123:Fay, Laurel (2000). 5201:The New Grove (2001) 4986:The New Grove (2001) 4974:The New Grove (2001) 4949:The New Grove (2001) 4937:The New Grove (2001) 4849:, pp. 288, 290. 4847:The New Grove (2001) 4661:www.encyclopedia.com 4628:(24 November 1993). 4357:, 15 September 1964. 3264:Riley, John (2005). 2242:The New Shostakovich 2153:Mikhail Tukhachevsky 1800:numbness", included 1613:, is named for him. 1561:Novodevichy Cemetery 1393:his musical monogram 1385:Dresden fire bombing 1375:Shostakovich in 1950 1366:Bolshevik Revolution 1316:in Athens, Greece.) 1314:2004 Summer Olympics 1304:1980 Summer Olympics 1192:The Great Friendship 853:Mikhail Tukhachevsky 786:On 17 January 1936, 584:Shostakovich in 1925 550:Mikhail Tukhachevsky 486:Maximilian Steinberg 181: 1956; 129:List of compositions 64:Shostakovich in 1942 9125:Modernist composers 9095:Composers for viola 9090:Composers for piano 8870:Dmitri Shostakovich 8624:John Eliot Gardiner 8399:Dmitri Shostakovich 8248:Harrison Birtwistle 8162:Dmitri Shostakovich 7920:Galina Shostakovich 7898:Children's Notebook 7609:Antiformalist Rayok 7595:Song of the Forests 7506:Meeting on the Elbe 7443:The Return of Maxim 6897:Dmitri Shostakovich 6819:Dmitri Shostakovich 6769:on 5 September 2005 6589:Wilson, Elizabeth. 6285:Boosey & Hawkes 5913:Dmitry Shostakovich 5560:, pp. 369–370. 5358:Deutsche Grammophon 5049:, pp. 267–269. 4903:, pp. 375–377. 4626:Oestreich, James R. 4489:, pp. 251–252. 4270:, pp. 426–427. 4256:Vishnevskaya (1985) 4002:, pp. 373–380. 3838:Ustvolskaya, Galina 3639:, pp. 146–147. 3321:, pp. 143–144. 3254:, pp. 145–146. 3218:, pp. 174–175. 3194:, pp. 175–176. 3136:, pp. 128–129. 3108:The Daily Telegraph 2544:William T. Vollmann 2404:Song of the Forests 1660:Symphonies and the 1498:Fourteenth Symphony 1432:Yevgeny Yevtushenko 1422:Thirteenth Symphony 1411:Galina Vishnevskaya 1245:Song of the Forests 1165:Second denunciation 910:Galina Serebryakova 792:Quiet Flows the Don 292:Thirteenth Symphony 43:Dmitri Shostakovich 8600:Anne-Sophie Mutter 8488:Sviatoslav Richter 8452:Marie-Claire Alain 8429:Jean-Pierre Rampal 8381:Sergiu Celibidache 8198:Witold Lutoslawski 7926:Maxim Shostakovich 7513:The Fall of Berlin 7429:The Youth of Maxim 7368:Concert/brass band 7089:American premieres 7084:Leningrad première 6932:Katerina Izmailova 6377:. Hamish Hamilton. 6173:Bartlett, Rosamund 6093:Grove Music Online 5648:The New York Times 5618:Pushkin Monologues 5386:. 23 November 2015 5281:Salonen, Esa-Pekka 5252:(26 August 2000). 4860:Green, Jonathan D. 4803:www.britannica.com 4764:Lars-Erik Larsson. 4635:The New York Times 4604:The New York Times 4575:. 11 August 1975. 4573:The New York Times 4411:The New York Times 4354:The New York Times 4302:The New York Times 3678:, pp. 33–34; 3467:on 11 October 2009 3350:The New York Times 3298:The New York Times 3179:The New York Times 2534:about Shostakovich 2493:Gold Medal of the 2454:Katerina Izmailova 2410:The Fall of Berlin 2343:(1946, 1956, 1966) 2286: 2225:Maxim Shostakovich 2066:Mikhail Zoshchenko 1958:Philip Gershkovich 1851:Union of Composers 1746:Symphony of Psalms 1648:), he made use of 1577:Tatiana Nikolayeva 1538: 1510:Fifteenth Symphony 1506:Aldeburgh Festival 1474:The New York Times 1397:Valentin Berlinsky 1377: 1283:Galina Ustvolskaya 1265:musical quotations 1257: 945: 898:Vsevolod Frederiks 874:Platon Kerzhentsev 847:as pointed out by 839:to subscribe to a 804:Vyacheslav Molotov 784: 764:First denunciation 586: 546:Vissarion Shebalin 502:Alexander Ossovsky 478:Alexander Glazunov 400: 357:, an early set of 51:Дмитрий Шостакович 8775: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8701:Herbert Blomstedt 8577:Sofia Gubaidulina 8571:Hildegard Behrens 8547:Krystian Zimerman 8387:Arthur Rubinstein 8340:Leonard Bernstein 8275: 8274: 8092: 8091: 8027:The Noise of Time 7953:2669 Shostakovich 7868: 7867: 7807:No. 16 in B major 7758:No. 11 in F minor 7548:Sofiya Perovskaya 7464:The Great Citizen 7285:The Limpid Stream 7248: 7247: 7158:No. 15 in A major 7153:No. 14 in G minor 7127:No. 12 in D minor 7117:No. 11 in G minor 7112:No. 10 in E minor 7011:The Limpid Stream 6955:The Twelve Chairs 6939:The Big Lightning 6793:978-0-7546-0226-2 6757:van Rijen, Onno. 6709:978-1-317-16102-8 6675:978-0-571-26115-4 6659:978-0-571-26115-4 6648:978-0-691-12886-3 6630:978-0-571-22050-2 6612:978-0-691-02971-9 6581:978-0-375-41082-6 6555:978-1-61774-771-7 6544:(25th ed.). 6533:978-0-87910-021-6 6511:978-0-571-11829-8 6487:978-0-15-634320-6 6461:978-0-520-24979-0 6448:Taruskin, Richard 6427:978-1-4438-5467-2 6406:978-0-8014-3979-7 6340:978-3-7857-0772-2 6318:978-1-62097-079-9 6268:978-0-253-21823-0 6246:978-1-84595-064-4 6224:978-0-8108-7264-6 6205:978-0-907689-56-0 6198:. Toccata Press. 6163:978-0-253-21823-0 6136:978-0-19-513438-4 6115:978-1-56159-263-0 6057:978-0-521-60315-7 6030:978-0-297-84630-7 6011:978-1-4766-7056-0 5992:978-0-8386-1948-3 5971:978-1-904095-64-4 5872:, p. xxviii. 5533:Helsingin Sanomat 5443:, pp. 41–45. 5304:978-951-30-6599-7 5189:R. Murray Schafer 5152:Los Angeles Times 5009:978-0-87930-865-0 4875:978-0-8108-3376-0 4597:(28 April 2007). 4547:Mahler Foundation 4335:978-1-315-88378-6 4156:, pp. 90–91. 3986:978-0-8108-6239-5 3780:978-1-4616-3859-9 3277:978-1-85043-484-9 3242:, pp. 95–99. 3148:, pp. 84–85. 2898:, pp. 50–51. 2886:, pp. 49–50. 2783:, pp. 29–30. 2586: 2527:The Noise of Time 2439:and choral cycle 2393:; 1942 – for the 2197:Yevgeny Mravinsky 2178:Alexander Pushkin 2170:in the 1979 book 2123: 2084:Helsingin Sanomat 1979:Esa-Pekka Salonen 1922:Esa-Pekka Salonen 1838:Moisei Beregovski 1725:Eleventh Symphony 1705:Modest Mussorgsky 1596:Lars-Erik Larsson 1589:Beethoven Quartet 1345:Nikita Khrushchev 1335:Joining the Party 1321:Leonard Bernstein 1187:Aram Khachaturian 1152:Second Piano Trio 1005:Dmitry Kabalevsky 922:Adrian Piotrovsky 902:Nikolai Zhilyayev 869:The Limpid Stream 796:Mikhail Sholokhov 692:Ivan Sollertinsky 677:Leopold Stokowski 569:Boleslav Yavorsky 476:, then headed by 443:Tsar Alexander II 321:, and ambivalent 288:rescinded in 1956 248: 247: 168:Margarita Kainova 80:25 September 1906 16:(Redirected from 9222: 9145:Russian atheists 8852: 8851: 8850: 8840: 8839: 8838: 8828: 8827: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8804: 8803: 8802: 8792: 8791: 8790: 8783: 8736:Barbara Hannigan 8707:Leonidas Kavakos 8648:Daniel Barenboim 8423:Olivier Messiaen 8358:Benjamin Britten 8302: 8295: 8288: 8279: 8278: 8192:Olivier Messiaen 8174:Benjamin Britten 8132: 8125: 8118: 8109: 8108: 8096: 8095: 8083: 8082: 7990:Related articles 7850:major (c. 1960s) 7849: 7848: 7801: 7800: 7790: 7789: 7779: 7778: 7768: 7767: 7752: 7751: 7741: 7740: 7731:No. 8 in C minor 7725: 7724: 7715:No. 6 in G major 7709: 7708: 7699:No. 4 in D major 7694:No. 3 in F major 7689:No. 2 in A major 7684:No. 1 in C major 7672: 7671: 7408:Golden Mountains 7321:Festive Overture 7311:(orch. McBurney) 7253:Orchestral works 7240:No. 2 in G major 7234: 7233: 7212: 7211: 7202:No. 1 in A minor 7186:No. 2 in F major 7181:No. 1 in C minor 7171: 7170: 7142: 7141: 7106: 7105: 7096:No. 8 in C minor 7074:No. 7 in C major 7069:No. 6 in B minor 7064:No. 5 in D minor 7059:No. 4 in C minor 7053:The First of May 7048: 7047: 7033:No. 2 in B major 7028:No. 1 in F minor 6963:Katyusha Maslova 6890: 6883: 6876: 6867: 6866: 6857: 6797: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6765:. Archived from 6753: 6751: 6749: 6734: 6725: 6713: 6679: 6652: 6634: 6616: 6594: 6585: 6559: 6537: 6515: 6491: 6465: 6452:On Russian Music 6443: 6441: 6439: 6430:. Archived from 6410: 6387: 6378: 6371:Nabokov, Nicolas 6366: 6349:Moshevich, Sofia 6344: 6327:Meyer, Krzysztof 6322: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6294:on 24 April 2023 6293: 6287:. Archived from 6282: 6272: 6255:McBurney, Gerard 6250: 6228: 6209: 6190: 6167: 6140: 6119: 6096:(8th ed.). 6083: 6061: 6034: 6015: 5996: 5975: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5937:. 5 October 2014 5927: 5921: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5834: 5828: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5588: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5486: 5480: 5475: 5469: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5374: 5368: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5312: 5306: 5293: 5285:Otonkoski, Lauri 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5143:"Shostakovich's 5139:Loiko, Sergei L. 5135: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5111:"Quartet No. 14" 5106: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5080: 5074: 5071:MacDonald (2006) 5068: 5062: 5059:Moshevich (2004) 5056: 5050: 5044: 5038: 5032: 5026: 5020: 5014: 5013: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4795: 4789: 4788:. 1 January 1975 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4695: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4549:. 6 January 2015 4539: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4441: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4377: 4358: 4349:Crowther, Bosley 4346: 4340: 4339: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4131:, p. xxvii. 4126: 4120: 4119: 4113: 4111: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4073: 4071: 4060:Associated Press 4055:Minneapolis Star 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3970: 3964: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3939:. 30 August 2008 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3900:on 22 June 2006. 3890: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3683: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3104: 3099:(8 March 2004). 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3014: 3008: 3007: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2908:Moshevich (2004) 2905: 2899: 2896:Moshevich (2004) 2893: 2887: 2884:Moshevich (2004) 2881: 2875: 2872:Moshevich (2004) 2869: 2863: 2860:Moshevich (2004) 2857: 2851: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2654: 2638: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2572: 2435:(1974 – for the 2421:USSR State Prize 2399:Piano Trio No. 2 2379:(1958 – for the 2253:Richard Taruskin 2133: 2132: 2087: 2039:football referee 2023:Elizabeth Wilson 1828:(1948), and the 1607:Alexander Island 1534:Yuri Shcherbinin 1502:Benjamin Britten 1455:Jean-Paul Sartre 1443:Kornei Chukovsky 1362:Twelfth Symphony 1329:Columbia Records 1183:Sergei Prokofiev 1080:Seventh Symphony 1073: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1034:In 1939, before 1030:Second World War 841:clipping service 800:Ivan Dzerzhinsky 645: 637:Arnold Alschwang 630: 602:Grigory Ginzburg 599: 539: 535: 526: 482:Leonid Nikolayev 455:Dmitri Mendeleev 439:Dmitry Karakozov 431:January Uprising 404:Saint Petersburg 310:, including the 284:Zhdanov Doctrine 244: 206: 204: 195:Irina Supinskaya 186: 184: 180: 159: 157: 95: 79: 77: 62: 52: 39: 38: 21: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9220: 9219: 9185:Soviet atheists 8860: 8859: 8858: 8848: 8846: 8836: 8834: 8822: 8812: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8794:Classical music 8788: 8786: 8778: 8776: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8724: 8719:Hans Abrahamsen 8665:Cecilia Bartoli 8653: 8582: 8511: 8440: 8369: 8364:Boris Christoff 8328: 8323:Igor Stravinsky 8311: 8306: 8276: 8271: 8224:Magnus Lindberg 8202:Joonas Kokkonen 8182:Usko Meriläinen 8168:Igor Stravinsky 8141: 8136: 8101: 8093: 8088: 8072: 7985: 7931: 7908: 7864: 7846: 7845: 7812: 7798: 7797: 7787: 7786: 7776: 7775: 7765: 7764: 7749: 7748: 7738: 7737: 7722: 7721: 7706: 7705: 7676: 7663: 7575: 7485:The Young Guard 7450:The Vyborg Side 7394:The New Babylon 7381: 7363: 7339:(arr. Atovmyan) 7317:(arr. Atovmyan) 7244: 7231: 7230: 7217: 7209: 7208: 7190: 7162: 7139: 7138: 7103: 7102: 7045: 7044: 7016: 6984: 6908: 6899: 6894: 6848: 6835:Wayback Machine 6805: 6800: 6794: 6781: 6772: 6770: 6756: 6747: 6745: 6741:(Summer 1998). 6737: 6728: 6716: 6710: 6693: 6689: 6687:Further reading 6684: 6676: 6649: 6631: 6613: 6588: 6582: 6568:Volkov, Solomon 6556: 6540: 6534: 6512: 6496:Volkov, Solomon 6494: 6488: 6462: 6437: 6435: 6434:on 30 July 2020 6428: 6407: 6363: 6341: 6319: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6280: 6269: 6247: 6225: 6206: 6187: 6164: 6137: 6116: 6085: 6084: 6058: 6031: 6012: 5993: 5972: 5964:. Short Books. 5955: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5929: 5928: 5924: 5911: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5856: 5852: 5848:, p. xxvi. 5844: 5837: 5829: 5822: 5818:, p. xxii. 5814: 5810: 5806:, p. xxix. 5802: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5758:on 26 June 2014 5750: 5749: 5745: 5737: 5733: 5725: 5721: 5708: 5704: 5681: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5654: 5652: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5615: 5611: 5603: 5586: 5580: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5529: 5525: 5517: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5472: 5463: 5459: 5451: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5417:McBurney (2002) 5415: 5411: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5321:theartsdesk.com 5313: 5309: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5250:Holloway, Robin 5247: 5243: 5237:McBurney (2002) 5235: 5231: 5225:McBurney (2002) 5223: 5219: 5213:McBurney (2002) 5211: 5207: 5199: 5195: 5183: 5179: 5173:McBurney (2002) 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5136: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5107: 5103: 5093: 5091: 5085:"Quartet No. 8" 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5041: 5033: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5010: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4967: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4911: 4907: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4876: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4783:Wayback Machine 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4693: 4691: 4679: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4623: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4592: 4588: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4552: 4550: 4541: 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4442: 4438: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4379: 4378: 4361: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4305:. New York City 4293: 4289: 4278: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4127: 4123: 4109: 4107: 4095:Chicago Tribune 4088: 4087: 4083: 4069: 4067: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4035: 4031: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3971: 3967: 3956: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3875: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3800: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3686: 3674: 3670: 3666:, p. xxiv. 3662: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3535: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3408:Taruskin (2009) 3406: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3353:. New York City 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3097:Volkov, Solomon 3095: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3034: 3030: 3015: 3011: 3004: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2791: 2787: 2779: 2775: 2767: 2763: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2601: 2593: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2556:Aubrey Williams 2517: 2462:Academic titles 2326: 2278: 2276:Recorded legacy 2137: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2107: 2098: 2078:Andrei Sakharov 2049:, particularly 2032:Krzysztof Meyer 2018: 1930: 1914:Gerard McBurney 1894: 1863: 1861:Self-quotations 1814: 1787:Fourth Symphony 1707:, whose operas 1646:Twelfth Quartet 1630: 1625: 1619: 1569: 1526: 1463: 1341:Communist Party 1337: 1233:Nicolas Nabokov 1167: 1111:Eighth Symphony 1067: 1064: 1063: 1032: 1020:string quartets 953:Fourth Symphony 920:(executed) and 812:Anastas Mikoyan 766: 684:Second Symphony 639: 624: 593: 578: 537: 533: 520: 498:Nikolay Sokolov 392: 387: 343:string quartets 298:(1947) and the 230: 209: 208: 205: 1962) 200: 196: 188: 185: 1959) 176: 172: 169: 161: 153: 149: 146: 120: 100: 97: 93: 84: 81: 75: 73: 65: 53: 50: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9228: 9218: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8857: 8856: 8844: 8832: 8820: 8808: 8796: 8773: 8772: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8760:Emmanuel Pahud 8757: 8754:Evelyn Glennie 8751: 8745: 8739: 8732: 8730: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8716: 8713:Mariss Jansons 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8671:Kaija Saariaho 8668: 8661: 8659: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8651: 8645: 8639: 8633: 8627: 8621: 8615: 8609: 8606:Alfred Brendel 8603: 8597: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8503: 8500:Peter Schreier 8497: 8494:Heinz Holliger 8491: 8485: 8479: 8473: 8470:Rafael Kubelík 8467: 8461: 8455: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8417:Mogens Wöldike 8414: 8408: 8405:Andrés Segovia 8402: 8396: 8393:Yehudi Menuhin 8390: 8384: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8346:Birgit Nilsson 8343: 8336: 8334: 8330: 8329: 8327: 8326: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8312: 8305: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8282: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8269: 8266:Tristan Murail 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8236:Kaija Saariaho 8233: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8212:Aulis Sallinen 8205: 8195: 8189: 8171: 8165: 8159: 8156:Paul Hindemith 8153: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8135: 8134: 8127: 8120: 8112: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8090: 8089: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8065: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8051: 8040:Solomon Volkov 8037: 8030: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8010:Europe Central 8006: 8001: 7993: 7991: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7939: 7937: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7929: 7923: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7906: 7901: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7820: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7804: 7793: 7782: 7771: 7760: 7755: 7744: 7733: 7728: 7717: 7712: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7680: 7678: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7661: 7654: 7647: 7640: 7633: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7591: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7481: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7340: 7331: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7301: 7295: 7292:Five Fragments 7288: 7280: 7272: 7269:The Golden Age 7264: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7225: 7223: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7204: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7183: 7177: 7175: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7134: 7124: 7114: 7109: 7098: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7086: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7040: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6997:The Golden Age 6992: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6975: 6967: 6959: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6924: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6893: 6892: 6885: 6878: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6858: 6846: 6841: 6825: 6816: 6804: 6803:External links 6801: 6799: 6798: 6792: 6779: 6754: 6739:MacDonald, Ian 6735: 6726: 6720:, ed. (1996). 6714: 6708: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6674: 6662: 6647: 6635: 6629: 6617: 6611: 6596: 6595: 6586: 6580: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6554: 6538: 6532: 6517: 6516: 6510: 6492: 6486: 6466: 6460: 6444: 6426: 6411: 6405: 6393:Glikman, Isaac 6388: 6379: 6367: 6361: 6345: 6339: 6323: 6317: 6304: 6273: 6267: 6251: 6245: 6233:MacDonald, Ian 6229: 6223: 6210: 6204: 6191: 6185: 6168: 6162: 6141: 6135: 6120: 6114: 6088:Fanning, David 6070:Sadie, Stanley 6066:Fanning, David 6062: 6056: 6040:Fanning, David 6035: 6029: 6016: 6010: 5997: 5991: 5976: 5970: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5922: 5905: 5883: 5874: 5862: 5850: 5835: 5833:, p. xxv. 5820: 5808: 5793: 5781: 5779:, p. 249. 5769: 5743: 5741:, p. 211. 5731: 5719: 5702: 5675: 5666: 5634: 5632:, p. 139. 5622: 5609: 5574: 5572:, p. 336. 5562: 5550: 5538: 5523: 5521:, p. 263. 5506: 5504:, p. 162. 5494: 5481: 5470: 5457: 5455:, p. 462. 5445: 5433: 5431:, p. 139. 5421: 5419:, p. 295. 5409: 5407:, p. 125. 5397: 5369: 5334: 5307: 5273: 5241: 5239:, p. 286. 5229: 5227:, p. 290. 5217: 5215:, p. 288. 5205: 5203:, p. 280. 5193: 5177: 5175:, p. 283. 5165: 5127: 5101: 5075: 5063: 5061:, p. 176. 5051: 5039: 5035:Tentser (2014) 5027: 5025:, p. 268. 5015: 5008: 4990: 4988:, p. 300. 4978: 4976:, p. 294. 4965: 4963:, p. 315. 4953: 4951:, p. 290. 4941: 4939:, p. 289. 4929: 4917: 4915:, p. 426. 4905: 4893: 4891:, p. 181. 4881: 4874: 4851: 4839: 4827: 4815: 4790: 4768: 4756: 4730: 4717:Firma Melodiya 4704: 4673: 4648: 4617: 4586: 4560: 4534: 4509: 4491: 4479: 4477:, p. 558. 4467: 4436: 4434:, p. 147. 4424: 4398: 4359: 4341: 4334: 4316: 4287: 4272: 4260: 4258:, p. 274. 4248: 4246:, p. 102. 4236: 4202:(2): 239–256. 4182: 4180:, p. 281. 4170: 4168:, p. 263. 4158: 4145: 4141:Blokker (1979) 4133: 4121: 4116:Newspapers.com 4106:on 21 May 2022 4081: 4076:Newspapers.com 4066:on 21 May 2022 4041: 4039:, p. 340. 4029: 4016: 4014:, p. 390. 4004: 3992: 3985: 3965: 3950: 3928: 3903: 3885: 3883:, p. 392. 3873: 3825: 3823:, p. 297. 3813: 3811:, p. 194. 3798: 3796:, p. 304. 3786: 3779: 3759: 3757:, p. 274. 3747: 3745:, p. 205. 3743:Nabokov (1951) 3735: 3733:, p. 204. 3731:Nabokov (1951) 3723: 3721:, p. 269. 3711: 3709:, p. 252. 3699: 3697:, p. 183. 3684: 3682:, p. 241. 3676:Blokker (1979) 3668: 3653: 3651:, p. 152. 3641: 3629: 3596: 3594:, p. 146. 3584: 3565: 3561:Blokker (1979) 3553: 3551:, p. 132. 3541: 3539:, p. 215. 3529: 3527:, p. 221. 3517: 3502: 3500:, p. 286. 3490: 3488:, p. 171. 3478: 3448: 3444:Edwards (2006) 3436: 3424: 3422:, p. 152. 3412: 3410:, p. 304. 3400: 3398:, p. 135. 3388: 3386:, p. 150. 3376: 3364: 3335: 3333:, p. 167. 3323: 3311: 3283: 3276: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3216:McSmith (2015) 3208: 3206:, p. 130. 3196: 3192:McSmith (2015) 3184: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3134:Wilson (2006b) 3126: 3088: 3086:, p. 172. 3084:McSmith (2015) 3076: 3064: 3052: 3040: 3028: 3009: 3002: 2980: 2973: 2948: 2946:, p. 143. 2936: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2852: 2840: 2828: 2826:, p. 171. 2824:McSmith (2015) 2816: 2804: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2713: 2701: 2686: 2674: 2668:978-1442268425 2667: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2610: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2547: 2539:Europe Central 2535: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2473: 2472: 2467:Member of the 2459: 2458: 2446: 2430: 2418: 2395:Symphony No. 7 2384: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2341:Order of Lenin 2338: 2325: 2322: 2310:David Oistrakh 2304:and also with 2302:Daniil Shafran 2290:André Cluytens 2277: 2274: 2168:Solomon Volkov 2127: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2097: 2094: 2090:Oleg Prokofiev 2017: 2014: 1998:Fifth Symphony 1972:Robin Holloway 1934:William Walton 1929: 1926: 1893: 1890: 1862: 1859: 1813: 1810: 1771:First Symphony 1737:first concerto 1629: 1626: 1618: 1615: 1585:David Oistrakh 1568: 1565: 1525: 1522: 1462: 1459: 1451:Samuil Marshak 1447:Anna Akhmatova 1439:Joseph Brodsky 1354:Lev Lebedinsky 1336: 1333: 1261:Tenth Symphony 1208:rehabilitation 1175:Zhdanov decree 1166: 1163: 1136:Ninth Symphony 1100:Karl Eliasberg 1040:Andrei Zhdanov 1031: 1028: 990:Fifth Symphony 918:Boris Kornilov 808:Andrei Zhdanov 772:Production of 765: 762: 622:Natan Perelman 591:Yuri Bryushkov 577: 574: 557:First Symphony 514:First Symphony 419:Roman Catholic 408:Russian Empire 391: 388: 386: 383: 312:Order of Lenin 259:First Symphony 246: 245: 237: 236: 232: 231: 229: 228: 223: 217: 215: 211: 210: 198: 194: 193: 192: 191: 174: 170: 167: 166: 165: 164: 151: 147: 144: 143: 142: 141: 138: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 119: 118: 115: 112: 108: 106: 102: 101: 98: 96:(aged 68) 90: 86: 85: 82: 71: 67: 66: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9227: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 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8569: 8566: 8565:András Schiff 8563: 8560: 8557: 8554: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8539: 8536: 8533: 8530: 8527: 8524: 8523:György Ligeti 8521: 8520: 8518: 8514: 8507: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8495: 8492: 8489: 8486: 8483: 8482:Pierre Boulez 8480: 8477: 8474: 8471: 8468: 8465: 8462: 8459: 8456: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8436: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8372: 8365: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8353: 8350: 8347: 8344: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8331: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8291: 8289: 8284: 8283: 8280: 8267: 8264: 8261: 8260:Jukka Tiensuu 8258: 8255: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8243: 8242:György Kurtág 8240: 8237: 8234: 8231: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8219: 8218:György Ligeti 8216: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8203: 8199: 8196: 8193: 8190: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8172: 8169: 8166: 8163: 8160: 8157: 8154: 8151: 8150:Jean Sibelius 8148: 8147: 8144: 8140: 8133: 8128: 8126: 8121: 8119: 8114: 8113: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8087: 8086: 8075: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8035: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8016:Ian MacDonald 8014: 8012: 8011: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7998:Concerto DSCH 7995: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7911: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7855:Violin Sonata 7853: 7851: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7794: 7792: 7783: 7781: 7772: 7770: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7745: 7743: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7673: 7670: 7668:Chamber music 7666: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7578: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7550: 7549: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7496: 7494: 7493: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7482: 7480: 7479: 7478:Simple People 7475: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7445: 7444: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7384: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7366: 7359: 7355: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7144: 7135: 7132: 7131:The Year 1917 7128: 7125: 7122: 7121:The Year 1905 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6923: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6886: 6884: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6871: 6868: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6807: 6806: 6795: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6702:. Routledge. 6701: 6697: 6692: 6691: 6677: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6557: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6507: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6362:0-7735-2581-5 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6310: 6305: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6216: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6188: 6186:9780198166665 6182: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6150:Reconsidered" 6149: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6128: 6127: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6086:Fay, Laurel; 6081: 6080: 6075: 6074:Tyrrell, John 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6049: 6045: 6041: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6013: 6007: 6004:. McFarland. 6003: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5957: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5893: 5887: 5878: 5871: 5866: 5859: 5854: 5847: 5842: 5840: 5832: 5827: 5825: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5798: 5790: 5785: 5778: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5728: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5679: 5670: 5663: 5651:. 14 May 1981 5650: 5649: 5644: 5638: 5631: 5630:Wilson (1994) 5626: 5619: 5613: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5593: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5570:Wilson (2006) 5566: 5559: 5558:Wilson (2006) 5554: 5548:, p. 40. 5547: 5546:Wilson (1994) 5542: 5535: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5503: 5502:Wilson (1994) 5498: 5492:, p. 121 5491: 5485: 5479: 5478:Wilson (2011) 5474: 5467: 5461: 5454: 5453:Wilson (1994) 5449: 5442: 5441:Wilson (1994) 5437: 5430: 5425: 5418: 5413: 5406: 5401: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5261: 5260: 5259:The Spectator 5255: 5251: 5245: 5238: 5233: 5226: 5221: 5214: 5209: 5202: 5197: 5191:(Faber 1960). 5190: 5186: 5181: 5174: 5169: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5132: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5090: 5086: 5079: 5073:, p. 88. 5072: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5047:Wilson (1994) 5043: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5023:Wilson (1994) 5019: 5011: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4962: 4957: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4933: 4927:, p. 88. 4926: 4921: 4914: 4913:Wilson (1994) 4909: 4902: 4901:Wilson (1994) 4897: 4890: 4885: 4877: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4848: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4824: 4823:McBurney 2023 4819: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4701: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4677: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4595:Kozinn, Allan 4590: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4483: 4476: 4471: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4433: 4428: 4413:. 31 May 1966 4412: 4408: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4268:Wilson (2006) 4264: 4257: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4178:Wilson (2006) 4174: 4167: 4166:Wilson (2006) 4162: 4155: 4149: 4143:, p. 37. 4142: 4137: 4130: 4125: 4117: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4085: 4077: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4038: 4037:Wilson (1994) 4033: 4026: 4020: 4013: 4008: 4001: 4000:Wilson (1994) 3996: 3988: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3969: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3938: 3932: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3822: 3821:Wilson (2006) 3817: 3810: 3805: 3803: 3795: 3794:Wilson (2006) 3790: 3782: 3776: 3772: 3771: 3763: 3756: 3755:Wilson (2006) 3751: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3727: 3720: 3719:Wilson (2006) 3715: 3708: 3707:Wilson (1994) 3703: 3696: 3695:Wilson (1994) 3691: 3689: 3681: 3680:Wilson (2006) 3677: 3672: 3665: 3660: 3658: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3611:Naxos Records 3607: 3600: 3593: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3563:, p. 30. 3562: 3557: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3487: 3486:Wilson (2006) 3482: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3446:, p. 98. 3445: 3440: 3434:, p. 97. 3433: 3428: 3421: 3420:Wilson (2006) 3416: 3409: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3384:Volkov (2004) 3380: 3374:, p. 98. 3373: 3368: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3319:Wilson (2006) 3315: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3287: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3260: 3253: 3252:Wilson (2006) 3248: 3241: 3236: 3230:, p. 94. 3229: 3224: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3204:Wilson (2006) 3200: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3160:, p. 87. 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3135: 3130: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3080: 3074:, p. 80. 3073: 3068: 3062:, p. 33. 3061: 3056: 3050:, p. 85. 3049: 3048:Wilson (2006) 3044: 3038:, p. 84. 3037: 3036:Wilson (2006) 3032: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3005: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2976: 2974:9785737907228 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2940: 2934:, p. 20. 2933: 2928: 2922:, p. 19. 2921: 2916: 2910:, p. 52. 2909: 2904: 2897: 2892: 2885: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2862:, p. 14. 2861: 2856: 2850:, p. 32. 2849: 2844: 2838:, p. 30. 2837: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2814:, p. 27. 2813: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2782: 2777: 2771:, p. 73. 2770: 2765: 2759:, p. 18. 2758: 2753: 2747:, p. 17. 2746: 2741: 2735:, p. 14. 2734: 2729: 2723:, p. 12. 2722: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2697:Wilson (2006) 2693: 2691: 2683: 2678: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2649: 2636: 2632: 2629: and the 2628: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2605: 2599: 2590: 2584: 2574:Russian: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2542:, a novel by 2541: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2532:Julian Barnes 2530:, a novel by 2529: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2508:Khovanshchina 2504: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413:; 1952 – for 2412: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2401:; 1950 – for 2400: 2397:; 1946 – for 2396: 2392: 2391:Piano Quintet 2388: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2282: 2273: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2240:, whose book 2239: 2238:Ian MacDonald 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2120: 2106: 2105:(Volkov book) 2104: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2005:popular music 2001: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1946:Pierre Boulez 1942: 1939: 1938:David Fanning 1935: 1925: 1923: 1920:conducted by 1919: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1898: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1812:Jewish themes 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794:chamber music 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1716:Khovanshchina 1712: 1711: 1710:Boris Godunov 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1530: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1491: 1490:heart attacks 1487: 1486:poliomyelitis 1483: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1470: 1469: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1404: 1403: 1402:Metamorphosen 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1197:Yuri Lyubimov 1194: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1162: 1160: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1147: 1141: 1140:Gavriil Popov 1137: 1132: 1131:Isaac Glikman 1126: 1124: 1123:Carlos Chávez 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1000: 998: 997: 991: 986: 985: 981: 979: 975: 970: 967: 962: 958: 954: 950: 941: 937: 936: 932: 930: 925: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 890: 887: 882: 879: 875: 871: 870: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 837:Isaac Glikman 834: 830: 829: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 788:Joseph Stalin 781: 780:Helikon Opera 777: 776: 770: 761: 759: 754: 752: 751: 746: 742: 738: 734: 733:Nikolai Gogol 730: 726: 725: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 678: 674: 668: 666: 662: 655: 652: 647: 643: 638: 634: 628: 623: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 597: 592: 582: 573: 570: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 541: 528: 524: 519: 515: 511: 507: 506:Nikolai Malko 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 417: 413: 409: 405: 396: 382: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 347:piano quintet 344: 340: 336: 332: 331:Gustav Mahler 328: 327:neoclassicism 324: 320: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 272: 267: 262: 260: 256: 252: 243: 238: 233: 227: 224: 222: 219: 218: 216: 212: 190: 189: 163: 162: 140: 139: 137: 133: 130: 127: 123: 116: 113: 110: 109: 107: 103: 92:9 August 1975 91: 87: 72: 68: 61: 56: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 8818:Soviet Union 8689:Martin Fröst 8683:Simon Rattle 8677:Jordi Savall 8553:Yuri Bashmet 8529:Eric Ericson 8506:Gidon Kremer 8398: 8178:Erik Bergman 8161: 8078: 8060: 8044: 8032: 8025: 8008: 7996: 7969:Shostakovich 7968: 7896: 7879: 7860:Viola Sonata 7809:(unrealized) 7656: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7593: 7586: 7572:(unfinished) 7567: 7560: 7553: 7546: 7539: 7532: 7525: 7518: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7490: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7441: 7436:Girl Friends 7434: 7427: 7420: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7349: 7342: 7335: 7327: 7290: 7284: 7276: 7268: 7259: 7146: 7130: 7120: 7077: 7052: 7036: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6977: 6974:(unfinished) 6971:The Gamblers 6969: 6966:(unfinished) 6961: 6958:(unfinished) 6953: 6950:(unfinished) 6945: 6942:(unfinished) 6937: 6931: 6927: 6919: 6896: 6783: 6771:. 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