375:
407:
426:
due to lack of data. Due to the lack of clear linguistic or cultural boundaries between Sicani and Sicel areas to the east, the existence of
Sicanian as a distinct language is open to question; it is also unclear whether Sicanian survived as a language as late as the classical period, even in spoken
451:
are often found in
Sicanian place names (e.g. Camarina, Telmissus and Cimissa), and are thus proposed as a good starting point for identifying Sicanian towns. These tentatively-identified "Sicanian" toponyms seem to display similarities with other non-Indo-European substratal languages within the
113:(writing c. 300 BCE) considers the Sicani to be indigenous to Sicily. A third theory, put forward by some modern scholars, suggests that the Sicani were immigrants, who gained control of areas previously inhabited by native tribes. The testimony of a Sicanian migration by land is supported by
204:, and settled in the east. The arrival of the Sicels is thought to have occurred during the thirteenth or eleventh century BCE. The Sicanians area after this became limited to the south-western part of the island with settlements in the area of
223:
Syracuse had become the largest city in the Greek-speaking world. The Sicani were gradually absorbed by these colonizing peoples. They disappeared as a distinct people following the annexation of Sicily by the Roman
Republic.
431:
remains useful as a means of identifying the older, possibly non-Indo-European linguistic substrate, geographically overlaid by later arrivals such as Sicel and
Elymian. Recurring suffixes like -
1567:
582:
215:
The Sicani enter the historical record with the
Phoenicians, who established colonies during the 11th century BCE – preceding the Greeks, who founded the colony of
200:. They settled in the north-west corner of the island, forcing the Sicanians to move across eastward. The Sicels were the next to arrive, from mainland
1998:
1774:
511:
810:
900:
1617:
2008:
1557:
761:
1988:
422:
have been found in the extinct
Sicanian language. Except for names, they have not been translated, and the language is
1767:
847:
592:
544:
1640:
893:
180:
It is generally agreed by scholars that the Sicani preceded other inhabitants of Sicily in prehistory, namely the
81:
The Sicani are the oldest inhabitants of Sicily with a recorded name. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek historian
865:
1482:
1470:
608:
529:
552:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1547:
1375:
1159:
1154:
349:
2003:
1760:
1702:
1672:
1527:
121:, who does not seem to depend on Thucydides when he asserts that three peoples arrived in Sicily: Sicani,
1993:
1920:
1650:
1552:
991:
886:
1319:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1575:
1497:
1492:
1148:
1134:
909:
17:
1960:
89:, from around a river they called "Sicanus" and had migrated to Sicily following an invasion by the
1542:
1487:
1258:
1088:
977:
465:
515:
1356:
1251:
1201:
1180:
1171:
1053:
970:
930:
814:
1895:
1844:
1512:
1507:
1272:
1244:
1235:
1194:
705:
118:
1834:
1803:
1664:
1537:
1517:
1265:
1060:
998:
423:
292:
102:
54:
39:
173:. Archaeological research suggests that the Sicani were influenced at an early stage by the
1645:
1635:
1625:
1475:
1329:
1142:
1026:
189:
138:
1839:
8:
1935:
1692:
1465:
1450:
1385:
1187:
1109:
1019:
1012:
963:
921:
106:
235:, according to tradition, went to Sicania, or Sicily, as it is now called, in search of
1426:
1380:
1295:
1290:
1285:
636:
188:. The former are thought to be the next recorded people to settle Sicily. According to
365:
1819:
1630:
1607:
1602:
1580:
1522:
1300:
1223:
1116:
843:
767:
757:
588:
548:
470:
374:
86:
101:.) Thucydides' source is unknown, although he often draws on the Sicilian historian
1885:
1880:
1829:
1824:
1798:
1592:
1585:
1532:
1460:
1455:
1412:
1405:
1335:
1279:
1217:
1123:
1095:
1081:
1067:
984:
956:
944:
937:
568:
453:
270:
174:
94:
66:
1930:
1910:
1890:
1419:
1370:
1324:
1207:
1102:
1074:
1033:
950:
651:
631:
284:
216:
134:
1940:
1915:
1597:
1365:
878:
419:
396:
306:
193:
728:
141:
also mention the Sicani, among the peoples of the Mount
Albanus league in the
1982:
1955:
1875:
1865:
870:
771:
684:
342:
162:
1965:
1849:
1502:
1310:
1044:
313:
114:
333:
1900:
392:
219:. While many other Greek colonies were established around the island, by
110:
1925:
1905:
1677:
1396:
1346:
1212:
197:
170:
142:
82:
1752:
700:
358:
326:
209:
166:
126:
90:
47:
1950:
380:
236:
181:
58:
406:
98:
913:
609:"Pausanias, Description of Greece, Elis 1, chapter 25, section 6"
220:
196:
origin, who arrived in Sicily after having fought a war with the
158:
93:. (The name Sicanus has been linked to the modern river known in
1354:
1870:
1784:
671:
666:
388:
384:
263:
185:
154:
150:
146:
122:
62:
51:
43:
788:, George Rawlinson, trans., (New York: Dutton & Co., 1862
530:"Aapologetico de la literatura española contra los opiniones"
379:
Approximate locations of the Sicani and their neighbors, the
232:
201:
70:
729:"Gli Elimi: storia e archeologia di Segesta, Erice, Entella"
205:
130:
129:: the first two came from Italy, while the third came from
69:, the boundary with the last in the ancient Himera river (
456:, although these proposed connections remain nebulous.
514:. Experience Festival. 7 October 2007. Archived from
391:around 11th century BC (before the arrival of the
73:) after a series of battles between these tribes.
840:Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily
1980:
908:
543:Shefton, Brian Benjamin; Lomas, Kathryn (2004).
842:. Cambridge University Press. p. 164-166.
1768:
894:
545:"Greek Identity in the Western Mediterranean"
177:(prior to the Greek colonisation of Sicily).
1738:Families with more than 30 languages are in
833:
831:
542:
512:"Sicily: Encyclopedia II – Sicily – History"
227:
85:, claims that the Sicani originated on the
1775:
1761:
901:
887:
405:
373:
837:
828:
239:, and there perished by a violent death.
587:. Harvard University Press. p. 72.
1999:Languages extinct in the 4th century BC
1782:
751:
169:remember them with the Aurunci and the
14:
1981:
584:The ancient Greeks: a critical history
1756:
882:
649:
838:Tribulato, Olga (29 November 2012).
653:Problemi sui Siculi e sugli Etruschi
580:
532:. Ensayo historico. 7 October 2007.
418:A few short inscriptions using the
24:
427:form. On the other hand, the term
25:
2020:
859:
2009:Unclassified languages of Europe
192:, Elymians were a population of
872:Sicilian Peoples: The Sicanians
803:
791:
778:
745:
721:
712:
694:
678:
675:, VII, 795; VIII, 328; XI, 317;
660:
643:
57:. The Sicani dwelt east of the
625:
601:
574:
561:
536:
522:
504:
491:
482:
145:. The Sicans are mentioned in
13:
1:
811:"'Sicanian' at Linguist List"
476:
866:The death of Minos in Sicily
798:The World's Writing Systems.
650:Arias, Paolo Enrico (1943).
7:
1921:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
459:
242:
161:and Sacrani of Old Latium.
10:
2025:
1558:Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
76:
1989:Ancient peoples of Sicily
1858:
1812:
1791:
1726:
1663:
1616:
1566:
1446:
1439:
1394:
1345:
1309:
1234:
1170:
1133:
1043:
920:
656:(in Italian). Crisafulli.
411:Tribes of Hellenic Sicily
404:
372:
356:
340:
324:
319:
303:
281:
269:
259:
254:
249:
752:Le Glay, Marcel (2009).
466:Ancient peoples of Italy
228:Herodotus and King Minos
27:Ancient people of Sicily
1735:have no living members.
1618:East and Southeast Asia
65:, having, according to
46:present at the time of
1961:Southern Italian Koiné
1896:Judeo-Arabic languages
1845:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1813:Contemporary languages
454:Aegean language family
1835:Italian Sign Language
1804:Italian Sign Language
613:www.perseus.tufts.edu
276:approximately 300 BCE
103:Antiochus of Syracuse
1859:Historical languages
518:on 31 December 2013.
190:Hellanicus of Lesbos
139:Gaius Julius Solinus
2004:Languages of Sicily
1376:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1160:Northwest Caucasian
1155:Northeast Caucasian
875:by Vincenzo Salerno
756:. Wiley-Blackwell.
640:, III, 56; III, 69.
581:Fine, John (1985).
1994:Pre-Indo-Europeans
1792:Official languages
1641:Austronesian–Ongan
1440:Proposed groupings
733:www.arkeomania.com
637:Naturalis Historia
38:were one of three
1974:
1973:
1750:
1749:
1659:
1658:
1651:Sino-Austronesian
1435:
1434:
910:Language families
763:978-1-4051-8327-7
754:A history of Rome
471:Prehistoric Italy
416:
415:
153:as allies of the
87:Iberian Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
2016:
1881:Berber languages
1830:Regional Italian
1777:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1718:Proto-Euphratean
1444:
1443:
1352:
1351:
1320:Great Andamanese
903:
896:
889:
880:
879:
854:
853:
835:
826:
825:
823:
822:
813:. Archived from
807:
801:
795:
789:
782:
776:
775:
749:
743:
742:
740:
739:
725:
719:
716:
710:
698:
692:
682:
676:
664:
658:
657:
647:
641:
629:
623:
622:
620:
619:
605:
599:
598:
578:
572:
569:Diodorus Siculus
565:
559:
558:
540:
534:
533:
526:
520:
519:
508:
502:
495:
489:
486:
409:
377:
368:
352:
336:
329:
309:
287:
277:
247:
246:
67:Diodorus Siculus
61:and west of the
21:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1911:Maghrebi Arabic
1854:
1808:
1787:
1781:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1722:
1713:Paleo-Laplandic
1708:Pre-Finno-Ugric
1655:
1612:
1576:Greater Siangic
1562:
1548:Uralic–Yukaghir
1498:Ibero-Caucasian
1493:Elamo-Dravidian
1431:
1390:
1341:
1305:
1230:
1166:
1149:North Caucasian
1129:
1039:
978:Paleo-Sardinian
916:
907:
862:
857:
850:
836:
829:
820:
818:
809:
808:
804:
796:
792:
783:
779:
764:
750:
746:
737:
735:
727:
726:
722:
717:
713:
699:
695:
683:
679:
665:
661:
648:
644:
632:Pliny the Elder
630:
626:
617:
615:
607:
606:
602:
595:
579:
575:
567:As reported in
566:
562:
555:
541:
537:
528:
527:
523:
510:
509:
505:
496:
492:
487:
483:
479:
462:
412:
400:
364:
348:
345:
332:
325:
310:
305:
299:
288:
285:Language family
283:
275:
245:
230:
135:Pliny the Elder
79:
40:ancient peoples
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2022:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Medieval Greek
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
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1685:
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1660:
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1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Uralo-Siberian
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Serbi–Mongolic
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1488:Dravido-Korean
1485:
1483:Dené–Yeniseian
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1471:Dené–Caucasian
1468:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1089:Hurro-Urartian
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
971:Paleo-Corsican
967:
960:
953:
948:
941:
934:
926:
924:
918:
917:
906:
905:
898:
891:
883:
877:
876:
868:
861:
860:External links
858:
856:
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848:
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490:
488:Diod., v.6.3-4
480:
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468:
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420:Greek alphabet
414:
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307:Writing system
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105:. Conversely,
78:
75:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2010:
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2000:
1997:
1995:
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1956:Siculo-Arabic
1954:
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1932:
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1924:
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1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Tosk Albanian
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Ancient Greek
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
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1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:Languages of
1778:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1764:
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1601:
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1596:
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1591:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:Eskimo–Uralic
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
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1462:
1459:
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1428:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:Paleosiberian
1353:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:Austroasiatic
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:Austroasiatic
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1181:Indo-European
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1054:Indo-European
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
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1538:Ural-Altaic
1518:Indo-Uralic
1330:Sentinelese
1061:Afroasiatic
1027:Eteocypriot
786:The History
784:Herodotus,
393:Phoenicians
117:geographer
111:Tauromenium
1983:Categories
1936:Phoenician
1926:Old Norman
1906:Late Latin
1678:Pre-Celtic
1646:East Asian
1636:Austro-Tai
1626:Andamanese
1476:Eurasiatic
1397:North Asia
1347:North Asia
1259:Hmong–Mien
1213:Burushaski
1172:South Asia
1143:Kartvelian
1110:Philistine
1020:Eteocretan
964:Tartessian
821:2008-07-28
738:2021-12-26
718:Fine, p.72
706:Saturnalia
618:2021-12-26
554:9004133003
477:References
210:Agrigentum
198:Oenotrians
175:Mycenaeans
171:Pelasgians
143:Old Latium
83:Thucydides
48:Phoenician
1703:Pre-Vedic
1693:Pre-Greek
1665:Substrata
1568:Arunachal
1466:Nostratic
1451:Alarodian
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1236:East Asia
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1045:West Asia
1013:Tyrsenian
800:1996:301.
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452:proposed
359:Glottolog
327:ISO 639-3
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119:Pausanias
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18:Sicanians
1951:Siculian
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1820:Sicilian
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1427:Eskaleut
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1291:Tungusic
1286:Mongolic
1224:Harappan
1135:Caucasus
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691:, I, 10.
571:V,6,1-3.
460:See also
429:Sicanian
395:and the
383:and the
381:Elymians
366:sica1234
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243:Language
237:Daedalus
217:Syracuse
182:Elymians
95:Spanish
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1886:Elymian
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1733:italics
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271:Extinct
221:734 BCE
159:Aurunci
107:Timaeus
97:as the
77:History
1946:Sicani
1931:Norman
1891:Hebrew
1871:Arabic
1785:Sicily
1593:Mijiic
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1533:Pontic
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1366:Ainu
844:ISBN
768:OCLC
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