42:
33:
55:
650:
485:
368:. The stems are used in weaving rough baskets, floor coverings, and in house thatching. The bushes are used to help prepare swamp taro beds in Hawaiʻi, and dried leaves and flowers are used as fertilizer, mulch, and sometimes compost in Kiribati.
353:, and it is possibly the only plant cultivated specifically for lei-making in ancient Hawaiʻi. About 1,000 ʻilima blossoms are needed to make one strand of a lei. ʻIlima is now planted as a commercial crop for flowers and garlands in Hawaiʻi and
338:, has silver-green foliage; mountain varieties have smooth, green foliage. Leaves can be long and narrow or rounded or heart-shaped with finely to coarsely serrated leaf margins. Flowers may be solitary or occur in small clusters.
41:
578:
Field Guide for the
Biodiversity Rapid Assessment Program (BioRAP) of Funafuti Atoll, Nukulaelae Atoll, Niutao Island and Vaitupu Island, Tuvalu – Technical Report
334:ʻIlima grows from 6 inches (150 mm) to 10 feet (3.0 m) tall in prostrate (beach growing) and erect (upland shrub) forms. Lowland ʻilima, known as
1033:
315:'s brother, Kane-ʻapua, the god of taro planters. Lei made from ʻilima were believed to attract mischievous spirits (thus its alternative name,
1206:
1085:
1124:
577:
981:
379:
Traditionally, ʻilima was used medicinally to ease pregnancy and as a mild laxative. The flowers were used in magic, particularly
1046:
994:
708:. Cooperative Extension Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. p. 1
410:
1064:
331:
are small, 0.75–1 in (1.9–2.5 cm) in diameter; have five petals; and range from golden yellow to orange in color.
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54:
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1201:
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357:; where it was once seen as only for use in lei for royalty, but it now can be worn by anyone.
1191:
1103:
894:
759:
171:
677:
942:
269:
8:
1116:
389:
277:
973:
793:
702:
1163:
509:
459:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History: 1–141.
49:
1098:
929:
775:
765:
536:
300:
293:
261:
908:
832:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History: 21.
624:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History: 43.
1168:
934:
833:
625:
551:
460:
346:
285:
210:
516:. RMI Office of Environmental Planning and Policy Coordination (OEPPC). April 2004
308:
227:
213:
92:
731:"ʻilima, apiki, ʻilima lei, kapuaokanakamaimai. ʻilima ku kala, ʻilima makanaʻa"
32:
1111:
879:
79:
837:
629:
555:
464:
360:
The flowers are sometimes also used as a food garnish, and flowers and tender
1185:
779:
1155:
350:
312:
148:
1072:
1007:
888:
373:
238:
986:
583:(Report). Vaiaku, Tuvalu: Ridge to Reef Unit, Department of Environment
446:"The Vasuclar Plants of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands"
380:
304:
514:
Republic of the
Marshall Islands Biodiversity Clearing House Mechanism
1012:
968:
955:
611:"Batiri Kei Baravi: The Ethnobotany of Pacific Island Coastal Plants"
223:
138:
850:
1150:
873:
361:
354:
230:. Plants may be erect or prostrate and are found in drier areas in
218:
128:
105:
1025:
960:
246:
819:"Kiribati Agroforestry: Trees, People and the Atoll Environment"
537:"Plants of Kiribati: A Listing and Analysis of Vernacular Names"
947:
761:
Growing Native
Hawaiian Plants: A How-to Guide for the Gardener
328:
118:
365:
66:
764:(Rev. ed.). Honolulu, Hawai'i: Bess Press. p. 19.
242:
234:
231:
425:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
794:"Native Plants Hawaii - Viewing Plant: Sida fallax"
550:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution: 1–42.
387:flowers were mixed with coconut milk and bark from
226:, indigenous to the Hawaiian Archipelago and other
1183:
237:, often near the ocean. ʻIlima is the symbol of
319:), although some considered them to be lucky.
604:
602:
600:
598:
364:are sometimes used to scent coconut oil in
307:, the goddess of the hula, and the plant's
409:
40:
31:
757:
725:
723:
595:
575:
303:, the ʻilima flowers are associated with
1184:
816:
720:
608:
534:
1207:Taxa named by Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers
855:
854:
700:
655:Ulukau Hawaiian Electronic Dictionary
490:Ulukau Hawaiian Electronic Dictionary
443:
423:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
241:and is the flower for the islands of
758:Bornhorst, Heidi Leianuenue (2005).
672:
670:
444:Velde, Nancy Vander (August 2003).
13:
437:
14:
1218:
667:
1143:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:563692-1
510:"Native plants of the Marshalls"
53:
810:
786:
751:
694:
643:
569:
528:
502:
478:
403:
322:
1:
817:Thaman, R.R. (January 1990).
735:Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database
396:
535:Thaman, R.R. (August 1987).
393:trees to promote true love.
349:used ʻilima flowers to make
7:
417:Sida fallax
383:; for example, in Kiribati
10:
1223:
863:
838:10.5479/si.00775630.333.1
630:10.5479/si.00775630.361.1
609:Thaman, R.R. (May 1992).
556:10.5479/si.00775630.296.1
465:10.5479/si.00775630.503.1
177:
170:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
739:Bernice P. Bishop Museum
826:Atoll Research Bulletin
798:nativeplants.hawaii.edu
701:Rauch, Fred D. (1997).
618:Atoll Research Bulletin
544:Atoll Research Bulletin
453:Atoll Research Bulletin
372:is sometimes used as a
341:
678:"Sida fallax ('Ilima)"
576:Naikatini, A. (2021).
682:www.ctahr.hawaii.edu
390:Premna serratifolia
376:in tropical areas.
209:, is a species of
1179:
1178:
1099:Open Tree of Life
857:Taxon identifiers
301:Hawaiian religion
194:
193:
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347:Native Hawaiians
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35:
21:
20:
16:Species of plant
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252:It is known as
245:, Hawaiʻi, and
228:Pacific Islands
214:flowering plant
190:
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52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1169:wfo-0001077102
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309:prostrate form
192:
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163:S. fallax
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1202:Biota of Oahu
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771:1-57306-207-3
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282:idibin ekaura
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207:golden mallow
204:
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189:
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172:Binomial name
169:
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80:Tracheophytes
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34:
29:
26:
22:
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1192:Sida (plant)
1117:tro-19601075
864:
847:
829:
825:
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:
788:
760:
753:
742:. Retrieved
734:
712:17 September
710:. Retrieved
696:
685:. Retrieved
681:
658:. Retrieved
654:
645:
633:. Retrieved
621:
617:
587:September 1,
585:. Retrieved
571:
559:. Retrieved
547:
543:
530:
518:. Retrieved
513:
504:
493:. Retrieved
489:
480:
468:. Retrieved
456:
452:
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427:. Retrieved
422:
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405:
388:
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369:
359:
345:
335:
333:
326:
316:
298:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
253:
251:
249:, Kiribati.
217:
206:
203:yellow ilima
202:
197:
196:
195:
180:
178:
162:
161:
149:
112:
99:
86:
73:
24:
18:
1073:NatureServe
1008:iNaturalist
895:Sida fallax
889:Wikispecies
865:Sida fallax
520:7 September
429:12 November
374:groundcover
336:ʻilima papa
323:Description
270:Marshallese
239:Laloimehani
201:, known as
198:Sida fallax
181:Sida fallax
93:Angiosperms
25:Sida fallax
1186:Categories
1112:Plant List
803:2019-04-12
744:2009-03-29
687:2019-04-12
660:2021-08-28
635:August 30,
561:August 30,
495:2021-08-28
470:August 30,
411:USDA, NRCS
397:References
381:love magic
211:herbaceous
969:FloraBase
385:S. fallax
370:S. fallax
362:meristems
224:Malvaceae
157:Species:
139:Malvaceae
63:Kingdom:
1156:19601075
1151:Tropicos
1078:2.128909
1039:11332237
1026:563692-1
909:51310134
880:Q3015052
874:Wikidata
780:60589490
651:"ʻāpiki"
486:"ʻilima"
413:(n.d.).
355:Kiribati
278:Kiribati
274:te kaura
262:Hawaiian
222:family,
219:Hibiscus
135:Family:
129:Malvales
106:Eudicots
1104:1039221
1060:MoBotPF
987:5406750
703:"Ilima"
329:flowers
286:Nauruan
264:and as
247:Abemama
216:in the
145:Genus:
125:Order:
67:Plantae
1125:PLANTS
1091:671525
1065:282608
1000:458770
948:584670
922:674684
778:
768:
317:ʻāpiki
294:Tuvalu
288:, and
258:ʻāpiki
254:ʻilima
119:Rosids
1052:21746
1034:IRMNG
1013:54995
974:48992
961:SIDFA
935:6YNGJ
822:(PDF)
706:(PDF)
614:(PDF)
581:(PDF)
540:(PDF)
449:(PDF)
366:Nauru
311:with
290:akatā
243:Oʻahu
235:soils
232:sandy
188:Walp.
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
1138:POWO
1130:SIFA
1086:NCBI
1047:ITIS
1021:IPNI
995:GRIN
982:GBIF
956:EPPO
917:BOLD
904:APNI
776:OCLC
766:ISBN
714:2015
637:2021
589:2021
563:2021
522:2019
472:2021
431:2015
342:Uses
327:The
313:Pele
305:Laka
150:Sida
1164:WFO
943:EoL
930:CoL
834:doi
830:333
626:doi
622:361
552:doi
548:296
461:doi
457:503
351:lei
299:In
292:in
284:in
276:in
268:in
266:kio
260:in
256:or
205:or
1188::
1166::
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722:^
680:.
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554::
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419:"
415:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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