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285:(1578–1606) which set several trends including wide, raised sidewalks separating pedestrians from the road traffic, plus the first Parisian bridge without houses built on it, and its generous width plus elegant, durable design that immediately became popular for promenading at the beginning of the century that saw Paris take its form renowned to this day. It was also a cultural phenomenon because all classes mixed on the new walkways. By the 19th-century large and spacious sidewalks were routinely constructed in European capitals, and were associated with urban sophistication.
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to mean that installing sidewalks would necessarily reduce the likelihood of pedestrian/motor vehicle crashes by 88.2 percent in all situations. However, the presence of a sidewalk clearly has a strong beneficial effect of reducing the risk of a 'walking along roadway' pedestrian/motor vehicle crash." The study does not count crashes that happen when walking across a roadway. The speed limit risk ratio was 1.116, which means that a 16.1-km/h (10-mi/h) increase in the limit yields a factor of (1.116) or 3.
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Sidewalks played an important role in transportation, as they provided a path for people to walk along without stepping on horse manure. They aided road safety by minimizing interaction between pedestrians, horses, carriages, and later automobiles. Sidewalks are normally in pairs, one on each side of
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In highly variable climates which undergo multiple freeze-thaw cycles, concrete blocks will be formed with separations, called expansion joints, to allow for thermal expansion without breakage. The use of expansion joints in sidewalks may not be necessary, as the concrete will shrink while setting.
719:
Today, most sidewalk ribbons are constructed with cross-lying strain-relief grooves placed or sawn at regular intervals, typically 5 feet (1.5 m) apart. This partitioning, an improvement over the continuous slab ribbon, was patented in 1924 by Arthur Wesley Hall and
William Alexander McVay, who
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Bad paving and obstructions were frequently reported to the justices under a paving Act of 1623, but the borough chamberlain, workhouse corporation, and parish officers failed to discharge their responsibilities and the small fines for neglect were ineffective. Enforcement of the Act by the borough
409:
Riding bicycles on sidewalks is discouraged since some research shows it to be more dangerous than riding in the street. Some jurisdictions prohibit sidewalk riding except for children. In addition to the risk of cyclist/pedestrian collisions, cyclists face increase risks from collisions with motor
383:
are significant factors in the likelihood of a vehicle/pedestrian crash. Sidewalk presence had a risk ratio of 0.118, which means that the likelihood of a crash on a road with a paved sidewalk was 88.2 percent lower than one without a sidewalk. The authors wrote that "this should not be interpreted
280:
to establish foot-ways throughout all the streets of London, to pave them with
Purbeck stone (the thoroughfare in the middle was generally cobblestone) and to raise them above the street level with kerbs forming the separation. The corporation was also made responsible for the regular upkeep of the
1528:
The distinction between a footway and a footpath is that a footway is the part of a highway adjacent to, or contiguous with, the roadway on which there is a public right of way on foot. A footpath is not adjacent to a public roadway. Where reference is made to one, it can generally be regarded as
517:
Some sidewalks may be built like a
Meandering Sidewalk. The meandering sidewalk is the wavy sidewalk that veers back and forth at the side of the road, no matter how straight the street. These sidewalks are common in North America and are used to break up the monotonous alignments of city blocks.
720:
wished to minimize damage to the concrete from the effects of tectonic and temperature fluctuations, both of which can crack longer segments. The technique is not perfect, as freeze-thaw cycles (in cold-winter regions) and tree root growth can eventually result in damage which requires repair.
256:
in 1666, attempts were slowly made to bring some order to the sprawling city. In 1671, "Certain Orders, Rules and
Directions Touching the Paving and Cleansing The Streets, Lanes and Common Passages within the City of London" were formulated, calling for all streets to be adequately paved for
374:
Research commissioned for the
Florida Department of Transportation, published in 2005, found that, in Florida, the Crash Reduction Factor (used to estimate the expected reduction of crashes during a given period) resulting from the installation of sidewalks averaged 74%. Research at the
1285:
514:, for example, when used as an extender is less energy-intensive than Portland cement concrete or petroleum-based materials such as asphalt or tar-penetration macadam. Multi-use paths alongside roads are sometimes made of materials that are softer than concrete, such as asphalt.
394:
schemes, are reported to deliver a dramatic drop in crashes and congestion too, which indicates that a number of other factors, such as the local speed environment, also play an important role in whether sidewalks are necessarily the best local solution for pedestrian safety.
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Why is pavement parking a problem? Pavements are constructed and provided for pedestrian use. Vehicles parked on pavements are: a hazard to pedestrians causing an obstruction which may result in them having to step off the pavement onto the highway thus putting themselves in
424:
Since residents of neighborhoods with sidewalks are more likely to walk, they tend to have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other health issues related to sedentary lifestyles. Also, children who walk to school have been shown to have better concentration.
1550:"cycle track" means a way constituting or comprised in a highway, being a way over which the public have the following, but no other, rights of way, that is to say, a right of way on pedal cycles [F3 (other than pedal cycles which are motor vehicles within the meaning of
711:
In the United States and Canada, the most common type of sidewalk consists of a poured concrete "ribbon", examples of which from as early as the 1860s can be found in good repair in San
Francisco, and stamped with the name of the contractor and date of installation. When
330:
On rural roads, sidewalks may not be present as the amount of traffic (pedestrian or motorized) may not be enough to justify separating the two. In suburban and urban areas, sidewalks are more common. In town and city centers (known as
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Sidewalks may have a small effect on reducing vehicle miles traveled and carbon dioxide emissions. A study of sidewalk and transit investments in
Seattle neighborhoods found vehicle travel reductions of 6 to 8% and
150:. Many Commonwealth countries use the term "footpath". The professional, civil engineering and legal term for this in the USA and Canada is "sidewalk" while in the United Kingdom it is "pavement".
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justices ceased when the charter lapsed in 1741 and by 1750 the streets were so ruinous that a new Act was obtained, which perpetuated the responsibility of justices to enforce the regulations.
1930:
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in the USA) the amount of pedestrian traffic can exceed motorized traffic, and in this case the sidewalks can occupy more than half of the width of the road, or the whole road can be
2029:
1051:
165:" is a more comprehensive term that includes stairs, ramps, passageways, and related structures that facilitate the use of a path as well as the sidewalk. In the UK, the term "
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were common in some North
American locations. They may still be found at historic beach locations and in conservation areas to protect the land beneath and around, called
775:
1828:
1753:
169:" is mostly used for paths that do not abut a roadway. The term "shared-use path" is used where cyclists are also able to use the same section of path as pedestrians.
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without any formal separation between the two categories. Early attempts at ensuring the adequate maintenance of foot-ways or sidewalks were often made, as in the
1840:
The town of
Drachten removed most of its street furniture, signs and markings in 2003 and recorded a dramatic fall in accidents and traffic congestion as a result
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is a common problem with unsalted sidewalks. The ice forms a thin transparent surface film which is almost impossible to see, and so results in many slips by
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1120:
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1922:
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1454:"footway" means a way comprised in a highway which also comprises a carriageway, being a way over which the public have a right of way on foot only
1721:
1466:
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1871:
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roads, including their cleaning and repair, for which they charged a tax from 1766. Another turning point was the construction of Paris's
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for a variety of vehicles including cars, motorbikes and bicycles. Sidewalk surfing was often used in the early 1960s to describe
410:
vehicles at street crossings and driveways. Riding in the direction opposite to traffic in the adjacent lane is especially risky.
387:
The presence or absence of sidewalks was one of three factors that were found to encourage drivers to choose lower, safer speeds.
1779:
An
Analysis of Factors Contributing to 'Walking along Roadway' Crashes, Research Study and Guidelines for Sidewalks and Walkways
1747:
Update of Florida Crash Reduction Factors and Countermeasures to Improve the Development of District Safety Improvement Projects
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542:
Brick sidewalks are found in some urban areas, usually for aesthetic purposes. Brick sidewalks are generally consolidated with
273:
2079:
1824:
1746:
1467:"Part II of II: Best Practices Design Guide - Sidewalk2 - Publications - Bicycle and Pedestrian Program - Environment - FHWA"
1722:"Research Note: An Assessment of Urban Form and Pedestrian and Transit Improvements as an Integrated GHG Reduction Strategy"
1490:
2111:
1777:
McMahon, Patrick J.; Charles V. Zegeer; Chandler Duncan; Richard L. Knoblauch; J. Richard Stewart; Asad J. Khattak (2002).
1032:
913:
1666:
Building Capitalism (Routledge Revivals): Historical Change and the Labour Process in the Production of Built Environment
437:
1975:
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in the 1850s because it proved to be stronger, more plentiful and easier to work than most other available materials.
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2086:, a radical proposal for the post-COVID city published in Barcelona on 20 April 2020. Author: Massimo Paolini.
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areas sidewalks are most commonly constructed of slabs, stone, or brick depending upon the surrounding street
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was first imported to the United States in the 1880s, its principal use was in the construction of sidewalks.
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This article is about pedestrian paths next to roads. For pedestrian paths that are not next to roads, see
2186:
1955:
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2073:, a U.S.A.-based clearinghouse for information for pedestrians (including transit users) and bicyclists.
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a member-based advocacy group dedicated to making metro Atlanta safe and accessible for all pedestrians.
276:
passed a series of Paving Acts from the 18th century. The 1766 Paving & Lighting Act authorized the
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are more common in Europe. Different materials are more or less friendly environmentally: pumice-based
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28:
24:
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for the U.S. Department of Transportation found that the presence or absence of a sidewalk and the
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provide pedestrians a space to cross between the two sides of the street at predictable locations.
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On the other hand, the implementation of schemes which involve the removal of sidewalks, such as
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1868:"Bicycle sidepaths: Crash risks and liability exposure: Evidence from the research literature"
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1961:
547:
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The first sidewalks appeared around 2000 to 1990 B.C. in central Anatolia (modern Turkey) .
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are sometimes used where an attractive appearance is required, as in historic town centers.
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361:
1852:
Lisa Aultman-Hall and Michael F. Adams, Jr. (1998). "Sidewalk Bicycling Safety Issues".
83:. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for
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were also installed to protect pedestrians from the traffic in the middle of the road.
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between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.
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are used, though they are generally considered too uneven for comfortable walking.
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181:
60:
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161:" or "multi-use paths" are available for use by both pedestrians and bicyclists. "
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are used for sidewalks, often colored or textured to resemble stone. Sometimes
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Raised wooden sidewalk by a dirt road, Staten Island, N.Y., early 20th century
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1255:"Ontario Traffic Manual Book 1 - Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual"
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1286:"British Columbia Manual of Standard Traffic Signs & Pavement Markings"
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the road, with the center section of the road for motorized vehicles.
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Pedestrians walking on the sidewalk, locally known as a "pavement" in
188:, London, 1766. The sidewalk is separated from the main street by six
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1923:"The Link Between Kids Who Walk or Bike to School and Concentration"
1809:
John N. Ivan, Norman W. Garrick and Gilbert Hanson (November 2009).
204:
Sidewalks have operated for at least 4,000 years. The Greek city of
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3006:
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2832:
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883:
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332:
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107:
20:
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2159:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
2089:
2026:"Expansion Joints Not Needed in Sidewalk - Concrete Construction"
859:
790:
577:
467:
463:
440:
315:
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205:
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102:
In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path,
41:
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36:
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1727:. Washington State Department of Transportation. April 2011.
1398:
Cassidy, Frederic Gomes, and Joan Houston Hall (eds). (2002)
1101:
1016:
511:
495:
230:
103:
45:
1244:
225:, narrow roads had reverted to being simultaneously used by
2120:
2077:
Manifesto for the Reorganisation of the City after COVID19
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963:
111:
92:
80:
2052:
1784:(Report). Federal Highway Administration. FHWA-RD-01-101.
1280:
1278:
2951:
1993:
Robert W. Lesley. "What Cement Users Owe To The Public".
1976:"Green sidewalk makes electricity one footstep at a time"
1811:
Designing Roads That Guide Drivers to Choose Safer Speeds
645:
has been used to pave the sidewalks of the CBD since the
123:
1995:
The Cement Age: A Magazine Devoted to the Uses of Cement
2057:
1603:
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Renia Ehrenfeucht (2009).
1566:
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Renia Ehrenfeucht (2009).
1275:
1057:
Sidewalk covered in dirt and dust, is cleaned during a
1024:
924:
707:
Concrete sidewalk with horizontal strain-relief grooves
668:
Installation of crushed stone underlayment for drainage
95:(spelled "curb" in North America). There may also be a
1606:
Sidewalks: Conflict and Negotiation Over Public Space
1569:
Sidewalks: Conflict and Negotiation Over Public Space
110:
that is not next to a road, such as a path through a
744:
suburban sidewalks are most commonly constructed of
1121:
Big Apple Pothole and Sidewalk Protection Committee
40:Raised sidewalk beside a 2000-year-old paved road,
1745:Gan, Albert; Joan Shen; Adriana Rodriquez (2005).
1413:
1825:"Do you take unnecessary risks behind the wheel?"
1218:
1216:
454:Some sidewalks may be used as social spaces with
75:in Australia, India, New Zealand and Ireland, or
3509:
2071:Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC)
1542:"Highways Act 1980 – Interpretation Section 329"
1446:"Highways Act 1980 – Interpretation Section 329"
1411:
157:is used for the pedestrian path beside a road. "
122:The term "sidewalk" is preferred in most of the
1957:Skateboarding and the City: a Complete History
1213:
482:Contemporary sidewalks are most often made of
265:was widely used as a durable paving material.
249:, but they were generally not very effective.
2105:
208:had sidewalks by the 4th-century BC, and the
1992:
1662:
1416:How We Talk: American Regional English Today
652:
526:In the 19th century and early 20th century,
130:. The term "pavement" is more common in the
2112:
2098:
1752:(Report). State of Florida DOT. BD015-04.
1515:. Department for Transport. Archived from
1402:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1529:applying to the other for design purposes
1483:
1077:Sidewalk with a bicycle priority lane in
87:. A sidewalk is normally higher than the
702:
608:
432:
365:
309:
297:
195:
176:
35:
16:Pedestrian path along the side of a road
1973:
1813:. Connecticut Transportation Institute.
1400:Dictionary of American Regional English
3510:
1874:from the original on 11 September 2011
1554:with or without a right of way on foot
355:
3208:Median / Central reservation
2093:
2053:Los Alamos Walkability Advocacy Group
2013:Great Maritime Inventions – 1833–1950
1933:from the original on February 7, 2013
1472:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
1420:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.
1344:
1264:. Ontario Traffic Council. p. 87
727:
27:. For other uses of "pavement", see
352:emission reductions of 1.3 to 2.2%
212:built sidewalks – they called them
13:
3126:Risk compensation (road transport)
2119:
2015:, Goose Lane Editions, 2001, p. 73
1322:www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
835:Old sidewalk with granite curb in
14:
3529:
2046:
1548:from the original on 2011-02-06.
1495:Compact Oxford English Dictionary
1452:from the original on 2011-02-06.
293:
3492:Glossary of road transport terms
1734:from the original on 2013-06-18.
1089:
1070:
1050:
1031:
1008:
993:
974:
951:
931:
912:
890:
871:
847:
828:
801:
774:
673:
661:
588:
570:
555:
2032:from the original on 2014-05-21
2018:
2005:
1986:
1967:
1945:
1915:
1885:
1860:
1845:
1831:from the original on 2012-03-12
1817:
1802:
1791:from the original on 2008-04-10
1770:
1759:from the original on 2008-04-10
1738:
1714:
1683:
1656:
1641:from the original on 2011-12-28
1623:
1596:
1559:
1534:
1505:
1459:
1377:from the original on 2010-10-04
477:
235:Colchester Improvement Act 1623
153:In the United States, the term
1974:Webster, George (2011-10-13).
1854:Transportation Research Record
1438:
1405:
1392:
1363:
1338:
1310:
1297:Government of British Columbia
428:
342:
117:
79:is a path along the side of a
1:
3474:Pavement performance modeling
3464:International roughness index
1207:
91:, and separated from it by a
3469:Present serviceability index
3263:Sidewalk / Pavement
2808:Diamond grinding of pavement
1552:F4 the Road Traffic Act 1988
680:Installation of paver blocks
377:University of North Carolina
7:
3441:Underpass / Tunnel
3436:Overpass / Flyover
3190:High-occupancy vehicle lane
3080:Driving under the influence
2154:Freeway / Motorway
1108:
698:
288:
10:
3534:
2368:Highway systems by country
1691:"city street scene manual"
1669:. Routledge. p. 115.
1349:. Routledge. p. 594.
767:
466:musicians, as well as for
417:
359:
314:Sidewalk at Kauppakatu in
278:City of London Corporation
172:
140:Mid-Atlantic United States
138:, as well as parts of the
18:
3487:
3479:Granular base equivalency
3449:
3420:
3326:
3298:Traffic signal preemption
3143:
3103:
3065:
2907:
2896:
2748:
2706:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
2635:
2612:Single-point urban (SPUI)
2552:
2543:
2471:
2376:
2290:
2172:
2139:
2130:
1609:. MIT Press. p. 15.
1572:. MIT Press. p. 15.
1412:Allan A. Metcalf (2000).
968:Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam
653:Stone and concrete pavers
546:, rollers, and sometimes
413:
192:in front of the building.
134:and other members of the
25:Sidewalk (disambiguation)
3459:Pavement condition index
3185:High-occupancy toll lane
3180:Contraflow lane reversal
3155:Barrier transfer machine
1347:Encyclopedia of the City
1224:"Definition of SIDEWALK"
938:Sidewalk with a planted
866:cleared after a snowfall
604:
563:Cambridge, Massachusetts
537:
486:in North America, while
2313:Express-collector setup
1326:Oxford University Press
1228:www.merriam-webster.com
942:in the "tree lawn" or "
919:Sidewalk with trees in
521:
370:Sidewalk with bike path
136:Commonwealth of Nations
3497:Road types by features
3392:Raised pavement marker
3359:Constant-slope barrier
3283:Traffic directionality
3273:Street running railway
2696:Protected intersection
1827:. Which?. 2011-01-05.
1371:"Parking on pavements"
1096:Pedestrian walkway in
708:
614:
451:
371:
319:
307:
201:
193:
48:
23:. For other uses, see
3354:Concrete step barrier
2691:Offset T-intersection
1893:"Crimes of the Heart"
1663:Linda Clarke (2002).
1631:"Georgian Colchester"
1345:Caves, R. W. (2004).
706:
612:
436:
369:
313:
301:
199:
180:
39:
3397:Road surface marking
3095:Single-vehicle crash
2818:Full depth recycling
2716:Seagull intersection
1513:"Inclusive mobility"
1373:. Lewisham Council.
254:Great Fire of London
3223:Pedestrian crossing
2786:Reinforced concrete
2622:Three-level diamond
2333:Two-lane expressway
2318:Farm-to-market road
1927:The Atlantic Cities
1870:. 8 December 2010.
1181:Portuguese pavement
1171:Pedestrian crossing
900:on the sidewalk in
814:Portuguese pavement
613:Stone slab sidewalk
548:motorized vibrators
506:and (increasingly)
420:Obesity and walking
362:Road traffic safety
356:Road traffic safety
3253:Runaway truck ramp
3075:Driver's education
2863:Rubberized asphalt
2798:Crocodile cracking
2721:Split intersection
2489:Hierarchy of roads
2450:Single carriageway
2082:2021-05-11 at the
2063:2013-01-21 at the
1903:on August 10, 2013
787:Jalan M.H. Thamrin
728:Tarmac and asphalt
709:
687:Pre-cast concrete
615:
452:
372:
320:
308:
202:
194:
49:
3505:
3504:
3313:Wide outside lane
3139:
3138:
3116:Automotive safety
2997:Road slipperiness
2744:
2743:
2592:Diverging diamond
2539:
2538:
2455:Single-track road
2397:Bicycle boulevard
2011:Mario Theriault,
1501:on July 19, 2012.
898:Overspill parking
878:Sidewalk market,
808:Sidewalk next to
528:sidewalks of wood
398:In cold weather,
257:pedestrians with
186:Leadenhall Street
3525:
3349:Cat's eye (road)
3170:Complete streets
2942:Dead Man's Curve
2905:
2904:
2843:Pavement milling
2758:Asphalt concrete
2701:Quadrant roadway
2642:
2564:
2550:
2549:
2516:Street hierarchy
2164:Elevated highway
2137:
2136:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1965:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1899:. Archived from
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1696:. Archived from
1695:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1497:. Archived from
1487:
1481:
1480:
1475:. Archived from
1463:
1457:
1456:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1419:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1220:
1201:Street furniture
1176:Permeable paving
1093:
1074:
1054:
1040:Montreal, Quebec
1035:
1021:Northern Ireland
1012:
997:
978:
955:
935:
916:
894:
875:
851:
832:
805:
778:
677:
665:
633:For example, in
592:
574:
559:
438:Native Americans
274:House of Commons
221:However, by the
182:East India House
159:Shared use paths
61:Canadian English
57:American English
3533:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3483:
3451:
3445:
3416:
3407:Traffic barrier
3367:F-Shape barrier
3322:
3278:Traffic calming
3238:Reversible lane
3228:Pedestrian zone
3213:Motorcycle lane
3175:Contraflow lane
3147:time allocation
3146:
3135:
3131:Underride guard
3099:
3061:
2947:Expansion joint
2909:
2899:
2892:
2878:Stamped asphalt
2740:
2671:Continuous flow
2644:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2565:
2561:grade-separated
2558:
2557:
2535:
2494:Private highway
2467:
2372:
2286:
2168:
2126:
2118:
2084:Wayback Machine
2065:Wayback Machine
2049:
2044:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1897:The Daily Beast
1891:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1850:
1846:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1661:
1657:
1644:
1642:
1635:British History
1629:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1601:
1597:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1564:
1560:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1232:Merriam-Webster
1222:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1116:Amsterdammertje
1111:
1104:
1094:
1085:
1075:
1066:
1059:street clean-up
1055:
1046:
1036:
1027:
1013:
1004:
1001:Bicycle parking
998:
989:
979:
970:
956:
947:
936:
927:
917:
908:
895:
886:
876:
867:
852:
843:
833:
824:
810:Paulista Avenue
806:
797:
779:
770:
730:
714:Portland cement
701:
685:
684:
683:
682:
681:
678:
670:
669:
666:
655:
607:
600:
599:used in laying
593:
584:
575:
566:
560:
540:
524:
480:
431:
422:
416:
364:
358:
351:
345:
296:
291:
175:
120:
69:British English
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3531:
3521:
3520:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3377:Jersey barrier
3374:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3308:Unused highway
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:Traffic island
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:Drowsy driving
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2967:Level crossing
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Channelization
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:3-way junction
2647:
2645:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2553:
2547:
2545:Road junctions
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2509:business route
2506:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2437:Primitive road
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2308:County highway
2305:
2303:Collector road
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2277:United Kingdom
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2212:Czech Republic
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2141:Limited-access
2134:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2074:
2068:
2055:
2048:
2047:External links
2045:
2043:
2042:
2017:
2004:
1985:
1966:
1964:, 2019), p. 9.
1944:
1914:
1884:
1859:
1844:
1816:
1801:
1769:
1737:
1713:
1682:
1675:
1655:
1622:
1615:
1595:
1578:
1558:
1533:
1504:
1482:
1479:on 2011-11-29.
1458:
1437:
1430:
1404:
1391:
1362:
1355:
1337:
1309:
1274:
1243:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1196:Sidewalk chalk
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1166:Moving walkway
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1098:Cheonggyecheon
1095:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1049:
1047:
1038:A sidewalk in
1037:
1030:
1028:
1014:
1007:
1005:
999:
992:
990:
980:
973:
971:
957:
950:
948:
937:
930:
928:
918:
911:
909:
896:
889:
887:
877:
870:
868:
853:
846:
844:
841:Czech Republic
834:
827:
825:
807:
800:
798:
783:Tactile paving
781:Sidewalk with
780:
773:
769:
766:
734:United Kingdom
729:
726:
700:
697:
679:
672:
671:
667:
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
654:
651:
606:
603:
602:
601:
594:
587:
585:
576:
569:
567:
561:
554:
539:
536:
523:
520:
479:
476:
456:sidewalk cafés
430:
427:
418:Main article:
415:
412:
357:
354:
349:
344:
341:
337:pedestrianized
295:
294:Transportation
292:
290:
287:
252:Following the
174:
171:
132:United Kingdom
119:
116:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3530:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Noise barrier
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Cable barrier
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3293:Traffic lanes
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Refuge island
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Living street
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Climbing lane
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3067:Human factors
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:Traffic light
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:Oversize load
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2972:Manhole cover
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Crushed stone
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Michigan left
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2638:Intersections
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Directional T
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:special route
2502:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Frontage road
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Arterial road
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2282:United States
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
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2133:
2132:Types of road
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1996:
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1948:
1932:
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1717:
1703:on 2013-12-15
1699:
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1676:9781136599538
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1579:9780262123075
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1519:on 2010-11-22
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1431:0-618-04362-4
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1356:9780415252256
1352:
1348:
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1299:. p. 243
1298:
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1293:www.gov.bc.ca
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1003:on a sidewalk
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597:tessellations
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472:skateboarding
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263:Purbeck stone
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146:and parts of
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97:planted strip
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58:
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47:
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38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3412:Traffic cone
3402:Rumble strip
3303:Truck bypass
3262:
3258:Shared space
3218:Passing lane
3203:Managed lane
3160:Bicycle lane
3042:Washboarding
3037:Traffic sign
2962:Hairpin turn
2731:Texas U-turn
2661:Box junction
2555:Interchanges
2499:Route number
2407:Country lane
2149:Bike freeway
2034:. Retrieved
2020:
2012:
2007:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1969:
1956:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1896:
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1862:
1853:
1847:
1839:
1833:. Retrieved
1819:
1810:
1804:
1793:. Retrieved
1772:
1761:. Retrieved
1740:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1685:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1643:. Retrieved
1634:
1625:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1583:. Retrieved
1568:
1561:
1549:
1536:
1527:
1521:. Retrieved
1517:the original
1507:
1499:the original
1494:
1485:
1477:the original
1470:
1461:
1453:
1440:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1385:
1379:. Retrieved
1365:
1346:
1340:
1329:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1292:
1266:. Retrieved
1261:
1235:. Retrieved
1227:
1191:Road surface
1186:Public space
1161:Median strip
1015:Sidewalk in
987:South Africa
981:Sidewalk in
958:Sidewalk in
923:, Illinois,
880:Speightstown
856:Wasaga Beach
854:Sidewalk in
758:architecture
731:
722:
718:
710:
693:cobblestones
686:
632:
627:
621:
616:
541:
525:
516:
481:
478:Construction
453:
445:Orchard Road
423:
408:
397:
392:shared space
389:
386:
373:
346:
329:
321:
272:The British
271:
259:cobblestones
251:
242:
220:
213:
203:
154:
152:
144:Philadelphia
121:
101:
76:
72:
64:
52:
50:
33:
3450:Performance
3382:Kassel kerb
3339:Botts' dots
3327:Demarcation
3027:Storm drain
2992:Road debris
2917:Aquaplaning
2910:environment
2898:Road safety
2776:Cobblestone
2726:Superstreet
2531:Winter road
2479:Concurrency
2472:Other terms
2463:Sunken lane
2432:Main street
2377:Local roads
1952:Iain Borden
1937:February 6,
1907:February 6,
1585:18 November
1151:Desire path
1136:Coffeehouse
1131:Cobblestone
940:rain garden
812:tiled with
582:South Korea
429:Social uses
404:pedestrians
381:speed limit
343:Environment
227:pedestrians
223:Middle Ages
118:Terminology
85:pedestrians
3452:indicators
3421:Structures
3372:Guard rail
3248:Road verge
3121:Seat belts
3057:Snowsquall
3022:Speed bump
3002:Road train
2823:Glassphalt
2763:Bioasphalt
2736:Turnaround
2711:Roundabout
2641:(at-grade)
2607:Roundabout
2572:Cloverleaf
2427:Green lane
2363:Trunk road
2291:Main roads
2174:By country
2036:2014-05-21
1962:Bloomsbury
1878:2011-09-17
1835:2011-01-27
1795:2008-03-24
1763:2008-03-24
1707:2012-12-17
1645:2010-04-05
1523:2010-04-02
1381:2010-10-29
1331:2020-10-25
1318:"pavement"
1303:2024-09-20
1268:2024-09-20
1237:2020-10-25
1208:References
1126:Carwalking
944:road verge
837:Kutná Hora
754:inner-city
623:flagstones
532:boardwalks
360:See also:
325:Crosswalks
318:, Finland.
247:Colchester
148:New Jersey
3518:Sidewalks
3243:Road diet
3145:Space and
3090:Road rage
2977:Oil spill
2937:Crosswind
2927:Black ice
2922:Avalanche
2848:Permeable
2681:Jughandle
2676:Hook turn
2582:Free-flow
2526:Toll road
2445:Side road
2402:Boulevard
2358:Super two
2353:Ring road
2328:Link road
2227:Hong Kong
2182:Australia
2124:hierarchy
2001:(9): 652.
1491:"Walkway"
1387:danger...
1156:Flagstone
818:São Paulo
795:Indonesia
762:furniture
738:Australia
647:Gold rush
643:bluestone
639:Australia
635:Melbourne
449:Singapore
400:black ice
283:Pont Neuf
239:21 Jas. 1
3512:Category
3431:Causeway
3268:Shoulder
3104:Vehicles
3052:Whiteout
3012:Rockfall
3007:Roadkill
2932:Bleeding
2908:Road and
2868:Sealcoat
2793:Corduroy
2781:Concrete
2771:Chipseal
2750:Surfaces
2602:Raindrop
2417:Driveway
2412:Dead end
2392:Backroad
2343:2+2 road
2338:2+1 road
2262:Portugal
2252:Pakistan
2080:Archived
2061:Archived
2030:Archived
1931:Archived
1872:Archived
1829:Archived
1786:Archived
1754:Archived
1729:Archived
1639:Archived
1546:Archived
1450:Archived
1375:Archived
1146:Curb cut
1109:See also
1063:New York
960:Nishapur
921:Oak Park
884:Barbados
699:Concrete
484:concrete
333:downtown
289:Benefits
267:Bollards
190:bollards
167:footpath
155:sidewalk
142:such as
108:footpath
73:footpath
65:pavement
53:sidewalk
29:Pavement
21:Footpath
3334:Bollard
3318:Woonerf
3047:Washout
2987:Pothole
2900:factors
2888:Texture
2858:Plastic
2838:Macadam
2627:Trumpet
2577:Diamond
2348:Parkway
2323:Highway
2237:Ireland
2217:Germany
2207:Croatia
2187:Belgium
1856:(1636).
1262:otc.org
860:Ontario
791:Jakarta
768:Gallery
732:In the
578:Cheonan
492:asphalt
468:parking
464:busking
460:markets
441:busking
316:Tampere
215:sēmitae
206:Corinth
173:History
163:Walkway
89:roadway
77:footway
42:Pompeii
3427:Bridge
3111:Airbag
2883:Tarmac
2828:Gravel
2656:Bowtie
2597:Parclo
2521:Stroad
2484:Detour
2459:Street
2387:Avenue
2272:Taiwan
2257:Poland
2222:Greece
2197:Canada
2192:Brazil
1673:
1613:
1576:
1428:
1353:
1083:Taiwan
1079:Taipei
1044:Canada
983:Benoni
946:" zone
906:Russia
902:Moscow
864:Canada
822:Brazil
746:tarmac
742:France
689:pavers
508:rubber
488:tarmac
414:Health
304:London
245:) for
231:wagons
210:Romans
128:Canada
126:&
2853:Plank
2767:Brick
2617:Stack
2383:Alley
2267:Spain
2247:Nepal
2242:Italy
2232:India
2202:China
1789:(PDF)
1782:(PDF)
1757:(PDF)
1750:(PDF)
1732:(PDF)
1725:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1694:(PDF)
1289:(PDF)
1258:(PDF)
1102:Seoul
1065:, US
1017:Omagh
966:near
816:, in
750:urban
748:. In
628:flags
618:Stone
605:Stone
595:Four
538:Brick
512:trass
500:stone
496:brick
462:, or
241:. c.
104:trail
46:Italy
3363:Curb
3194:Lane
2957:Ford
2873:Sett
2813:Dirt
2441:Road
2121:Road
2058:PEDS
1939:2013
1909:2013
1671:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1587:2018
1574:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1141:Curb
964:Iran
760:and
740:and
522:Wood
504:slab
229:and
112:park
93:kerb
81:road
59:and
3017:Rut
2952:Fog
2833:Ice
1980:CNN
1960:, (
1061:in
785:in
752:or
626:or
474:.)
443:at
124:USA
106:or
71:),
63:),
3514::
2028:.
1997:.
1978:.
1954:,
1929:.
1925:.
1895:.
1838:.
1648:.
1637:.
1633:.
1589:.
1544:.
1526:.
1493:.
1469:.
1448:.
1424:.
1422:90
1384:.
1324:.
1320:.
1295:.
1291:.
1277:^
1260:.
1246:^
1230:.
1226:.
1215:^
1100:,
1081:,
1042:,
1025:UK
1023:,
1019:,
985:,
962:,
925:US
904:,
882:,
862:,
858:,
839:,
820:,
793:,
789:,
764:.
736:,
641:,
637:,
580:,
565:.
550:.
534:.
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494:,
490:,
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348:CO
339:.
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243:34
218:.
184:,
114:.
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2099:v
2039:.
1999:2
1982:.
1941:.
1911:.
1881:.
1798:.
1766:.
1710:.
1679:.
1619:.
1434:.
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1334:.
1306:.
1271:.
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237:(
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31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
