845:. Villacorta brought in Spanish civilians and ultimately a military officer left behind to wrap up Spain's affairs on the island, to no avail. By 22 November, a total of 145 days had elapsed since the siege began, during which 14 Spanish defenders died of disease. Of the 40 remaining men, only 23 were combat effective, with the rest being sick. The Filipinos also had suffered casualties, mostly from rifle fire the Spanish were able to inflict on them from their protected firing positions. GĂłmez Ortiz was one of these. The new year brought more Spanish emissaries to Baler, but again MartĂn Cerezo turned them away. At the end of February, the Spanish killed three water buffaloes, eating the meat before it spoiled, and using the leather for footwear.
223:
204:
188:
124:
986:
41:
178:
162:
153:
144:
110:
835:. More than once the Spanish made forays to burn nearby houses to deprive the Filipinos of much needed cover. The Filipinos attempted to smoke them out by setting fires beside the church wall but were repulsed and had their timber captured. At the start of the siege, the Spanish had provisions of flour, rice, beans, chickpeas, bacon, canned Australian beef, sardines, wine, sugar, and coffee – but no salt. Supplementing their food supplies, the Spanish foraged for pumpkins, pumpkin leaves, oranges, plantain shoots, various herbs, and planted a garden of peppers, tomatoes and pumpkins.
884:. On 28 May 1899, there was yet another attempt to get MartĂn Cerezo to surrender. Again, another Spanish officer, Lieutenant Colonel CristĂłbal Aguilar y Castañeda, appeared under a flag of truce and was turned away. He had brought recent Spanish newspapers, which Cerezo initially dismissed as bogus, until MartĂn Cerezo read an article concerning a close friend's posting, plans of which only he knew, convincing him the newspapers were genuine and that indeed Spain had lost the war. On 2 June, MartĂn Cerezo surrendered to the Filipinos.
923:, where he gave his reasons for holding out: "It would be somewhat difficult for me to explain, principally, I believe through mistrust and obstinacy. Then also on account of a certain kind of auto-suggestion that we ought not for any reason surrender because of national enthusiasm, without doubt influenced by the attractive illusion of glory and on account of the suffering and treasury of sacrifice and heroism and that by surrender, we would be putting an unworthy end to it all."
966:, and each received a monthly pension of 60 pesetas. Of the 50 men who entered the church, around thirty survived the 11-month siege. Fourteen men died from disease. Only two men died from wounds. There were four deserters from the garrison. Two men were imprisoned for helping in the desertion of another (Alcaide), and executed on orders of MartĂn Cerezo on the day before their surrender. The feat of the Spanish so inspired the
893:
815:
in the church. The first few days of the siege saw several attempts by the
Filipinos to get the Spanish to surrender by leaving letters, while they surrounded the church with trenches. On 8 July, the revolutionary commander, Cirilo GĂłmez Ortiz, offered a suspension of hostilities until nightfall, which was accepted. On 18 July, Calixto Villacorta took command of the Filipinos. He also sent a warning letter, which was rebuffed.
1883:
904:, decreed that they were to be considered, "Not as prisoners of war but as friends." He added: "... the valor, determination, and heroism with which that handful of men, cut off and without any hope of aid, defended their flag over the course of a year, realizing an epic so glorious and worthy of the legendary valor of
814:
On 26 June 1898, it was noticed that the town residents were leaving. The city was surrounded the next day. Then on the night of 30 June, 800 Filipino troops under
Teodorico Novicio Luna attacked, and the garrison fell back to the church. The town priest, Candido Gómez Carreño, also quartered himself
805:
of the Civil Guard, led by
Captain Enrique de las Morenas and three other officers; de las Morenas was serving as the district political-military governor. On 1 June 1898, las Morenas ordered his men to begin digging a well, stocking food supplies and ammunition, and fortifying the church compound of
871:
On 8 May, Filipino artillery shelling hit an improvised cell that held three
Spaniards who had attempted to desert earlier in the siege. One of them, Alcaide Bayona, ran out and joined the Filipinos. This was a blow to the Spanish as the deserter had important intelligence to share about their dire
867:
and had been fighting the United States for two months. Five
Americans on a reconnaissance mission were killed. Lieutenant James Clarkson Gilmore and nine others were captured, and held prisoner by the Filipinos until rescued in December. When their food ran out on 24 April, the Spanish resorted to
1008:
and is considered as a national special working holiday and as a non-working holiday in the province of Aurora. Section 1 of the Act stated that "June 30 is a day when
President Emilio Aguinaldo commended the besieged Spanish soldiers in the Church of Baler for their loyalty and gallantry."
838:
By mid-November, having failed to dislodge the
Spanish defenders, Villacorta, under a flag of truce, left newspapers on the church steps that told of Spain's planned departure from the Philippines and that the Spanish–American War was over. MartĂn Cerezo considered this a
746:
on 10 December 1898, with Spain's surrender and cession of claims over the
Philippines to the United States. Cut off from communications with their own government and military, the Spanish forces in Baler continued their defense against the Filipino forces until 1899.
934:
seaman George Arthur
Venville, were kept as prisoners by Novicio, until the priests were rescued by American forces on 3 June 1900, having re-garrisoned Baler earlier that year. Venville however was led to his death at the hands of
818:
The
Spanish had to endure confinement in a small, hot, humid space. As the siege progressed, their food supply began to diminish through usage and spoilage. Enemy rifle fire did cause casualties but diseases such as
978:. The survivors were known as "the last ones of the Philippines". A century after their return, the modern-day Spanish government paid homage to them. The siege is considered by some as the end of the
831:
did more damage. The first Spaniard to die was Gómez Carreño. In September, Lieutenant Alonso was killed; in November, Captain Las Morenas succumbed to beriberi and command fell to Lieutenant
852:
formally ending their war with Spain having been signed in December, and after a specific request from the Archbishop of Manila on March 23, the Americans intervened in April. Commander
786:
in 1897. By 1898, with the resumption of the Philippine Revolution, Baler was still reachable only by ship or by traversing on foot through nearly impassable jungle trails across the
531:
1634:
778:
from receiving smuggled arms. Mota's forces were attacked on the night of 4 October by Novicio's men, killing Mota and six other Spaniards, wounding several and capturing 30
2056:
592:
288:
396:
657:
607:
411:
526:
421:
371:
673:
441:
376:
1013:
990:
612:
587:
436:
2357:
683:
637:
471:
1915:
652:
617:
541:
381:
281:
2352:
1940:
1758:
The Devil's Causeway: The True Story of America's First Prisoners of War in the Philippines, and the Heroic Expedition Sent to Their Rescue
2387:
1935:
274:
2382:
2313:
2051:
2029:
1731:
Ten Months a Captive Among Filipinos: Being a Narrative of Adventure and Observation During Imprisonment on the Island of Luzon, P.I.
2061:
864:
2372:
2009:
1771:
1050:
1005:
416:
571:
1025:
1908:
1814:
1661:
806:
San LuĂs de Tolosa in Baler's town square against a possible attack. The church was the only stone building in the area.
2273:
797:, and the Filipino rebels allied themselves with the American forces. This alliance would end with the outbreak of the
346:
956:
948:
406:
1703:
2278:
2157:
1963:
955:. MartĂn Cerezo was promoted to major with an annual pension of 1,000 pesetas. He also was decorated with the
943:
sailor Ora B. McDonald buried alive after the ambush. Found guilty, Novicio faced a life sentence of hard labor in
632:
2377:
2132:
1887:
1729:
1684:
1901:
1833:
461:
1028:
led the celebration of the 22nd Philippine-Spanish Friendship Day and the Siege in Baler's 126th anniversary.
1017:
2194:
2163:
1859:
1038:
391:
476:
2086:
1054:. The incident also appears in a two-part episode, "Tiempo de valientes", of the Spanish television series
336:
1849:
2112:
798:
985:
40:
2367:
2362:
1735:
974:
that he had MartĂn Cerezo's memoir translated and gave copies to all his officers. It was published as
787:
770:
against Spanish colonial rule started in 1896. In September 1897, the Spanish garrisoned Baler with 50
456:
2242:
1829:
1680:
832:
227:
2071:
901:
771:
115:
688:
2041:
2024:
1056:
794:
2285:
2189:
2137:
2127:
1763:
1001:
963:
853:
642:
597:
561:
331:
2107:
1854:
849:
743:
647:
1810:
2223:
2091:
2004:
1924:
877:
767:
727:
486:
326:
298:
32:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2034:
909:
783:
622:
501:
481:
426:
8:
2184:
2117:
1968:
1072: – Imperial Japanese soldiers who kept fighting after the surrender of Japan in 1945
1021:
994:
912:." Three months later, on 1 September, the survivors including MartĂn Cerezo, arrived in
857:
820:
551:
521:
386:
801:
in 1899. Baler was garrisoned by a 50-man detachment of the 2nd Expeditionary Battalion
2081:
2019:
1994:
1973:
1756:
967:
944:
678:
602:
431:
356:
341:
321:
939:, before the American arrival. Furthermore, Novicio was put on trial for ordering the
2216:
2179:
2076:
1798:
1767:
1739:
1725:
1690:
971:
779:
711:
627:
536:
516:
506:
446:
366:
208:
2174:
2066:
1751:
1069:
873:
775:
735:
719:
566:
511:
496:
491:
466:
401:
212:
193:
167:
2291:
2046:
962:
Lieutenant Zayas received a posthumous promotion. The enlisted men received the
947:. Las Morenas was posthumously promoted to "comandante" (major) and awarded the
876:
assigned Colonel SimĂłn Tecson y Ocampo to lead the siege of Spanish troops with
872:
straits, and helped fire the cannon on the church to good effect. In May, 1899,
2256:
2122:
1999:
1790:
979:
952:
896:
A photograph of the surviving Spanish soldiers after they had returned to Spain
841:
742:, for 337 days, from 1 July 1898 until 2 June 1899. The war had ended with the
361:
129:
2346:
2328:
2315:
2014:
1743:
951:, Spain's highest military medal. His widow received a pension of 5,000
881:
755:
739:
451:
77:
1802:
1708:
863:, attempted to rescue the Spanish troops. By this time, Filipino rebels had
1686:
Under the Red and Gold: Being Notes and Recollections of the Siege of Baler
1044:
556:
351:
1579:
927:
793:
During this phase of the revolution, the Philippines was involved in the
790:
mountain range that were often washed out by torrential tropical rains.
81:
1893:
266:
2298:
1694:
2169:
913:
824:
16:
1899 rebel siege of Spanish outpost during the Philippine Revolution
1978:
1662:"The end of an empire – 1898: The Last Garrison of the Philippines"
936:
892:
2199:
1882:
959:, and went on to become a brigadier general. He died in 1945.
905:
763:
1809:
1585:
1435:
1004:
signed Republic Act No. 8197 declaring every June 30th as the
1399:
828:
759:
731:
1615:
1351:
1327:
1315:
1228:
1795:
Filipino Heritage: The Period of Armed Struggle (1896-1900)
1459:
1140:
782:
rifles. The initial phase of the revolution ended with the
1519:
1423:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1411:
1363:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1240:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1036:
The siege of Baler is portrayed in the 1945 Spanish film
1193:
1191:
1164:
1128:
1635:"Nhcp leads 22nd ph-spanish friendship day celebration"
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1447:
1387:
1252:
1203:
1375:
1339:
1288:
1264:
1176:
1099:
868:
eating stray dogs, cats, reptiles, snails and crows.
1188:
1152:
1116:
1087:
106:
957:
Royal Cross of the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
1603:
1507:
1755:
57:1 July 1898 – 2 June 1899
1591:
916:where they were received and honored as heroes.
2344:
1828:
1621:
1024:. Chief of Staff of the Spanish Prime Minister,
774:soldiers under Lieutenant José Mota, to prevent
930:priests, FĂ©lix Minaya and Juan LĂłpez, plus the
1909:
1783:Harpers History of the War in the Philippines
282:
1797:. Vol. 8. Lahing Pilipino Publishing.
1679:
1525:
1441:
1429:
1357:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1170:
1146:
1916:
1902:
1724:
1405:
762:, about 225 kilometres (140 mi) from
738:defended by Spanish troops in the town of
289:
275:
1923:
1702:RamĂłn, Alberto OrtĂn (3 September 2005).
296:
1750:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1501:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1381:
1369:
1345:
1297:
1282:
1270:
1197:
1158:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1093:
984:
919:MartĂn Cerezo later published a memoir,
891:
1789:
1659:
1609:
1513:
1489:
1393:
1258:
1182:
887:
2345:
2279:"Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set
1780:
1417:
1897:
1847:
1704:"Homenaje a los Ăşltimos de Filipinas"
1701:
1597:
1051:1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines
1031:
1016:installed a historical marker at the
270:
2353:Battles of the Philippine Revolution
1793:(1978). Roces, Alfredo Reyes (ed.).
2358:Battles of the Spanish–American War
1586:Diccionario biográfico español 2022
758:is located on the eastern coast of
13:
2388:Sieges involving the United States
2274:Flags of the Philippine Revolution
1660:Alcover, Javier (5 January 2017).
14:
2399:
1875:
1006:Philippine–Spanish Friendship Day
949:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
2383:Sieges involving the Philippines
2158:American Anti-Imperialist League
1881:
900:Aguinaldo, now president of the
882:San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Church
730:. Filipino revolutionaries laid
221:
202:
186:
176:
160:
151:
142:
122:
108:
39:
2133:Commonwealth of the Philippines
2128:Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
1683:; Dodds, Frank Loring (2012) .
1652:
1627:
1000:On February 5, 2003, President
2164:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1848:Hanks, Carlos C. (June 1931).
1815:Diccionario biográfico español
1781:Wilcox, Marrion, ed. (2019) .
1:
2195:Philippine Revolutionary Army
2010:Kapampangan Counterrevolution
1860:United States Naval Institute
1076:
1039:Last Stand in the Philippines
750:
2373:History of Aurora (province)
2087:Federal State of the Visayas
1858:. Vol. 57, no. 6.
1081:
1048:, and the 2016 Spanish film
1018:Simon Tecson Ancestral House
192:Enrique de las Morenas
7:
2062:Declaration of Independence
1850:"The Siege Of Baler Church"
1063:
422:Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur
45:The church during the siege
10:
2404:
1736:Cornell University Library
2266:
2208:
2150:
2100:
2072:First Philippine Republic
1987:
1964:Pre-revolutionary revolts
1956:
1949:
1931:
1811:"Saturnino Martin Cerezo"
1042:, the 2008 Filipino film
902:First Philippine Republic
856:, commanding the gunboat
308:
246:
233:
135:
100:
49:
38:
30:
25:
2292:Marcha nacional filipina
2057:Revolutionary Government
2025:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
1681:Cerezo, Saturnino MartĂn
1057:El ministerio del tiempo
809:
347:San Francisco de Malabon
2286:Flag of the Philippines
2190:Philippine Constabulary
2113:Philippine–American War
2005:Katagalugan (Bonifacio)
1830:"Republic Act No. 9187"
1526:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1442:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1430:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1358:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1334:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1322:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1310:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1247:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1235:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1223:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1171:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1147:Cerezo & Dodds 2012
1002:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
964:Cross of Military Merit
854:Charles Stillman Sperry
833:Saturnino MartĂn Cerezo
799:Philippine–American War
715:
392:Binakayan and Dalahican
2378:Sieges involving Spain
2052:Dictatorial Government
1637:. msn.com. 1 July 2009
997:
989:SimĂłn Tecson y Ocampo
976:Under the Red and Gold
897:
726:) was a battle of the
723:
136:Commanders and leaders
2224:Kartilya ng Katipunan
2092:Republic of Zamboanga
1925:Philippine Revolution
1622:Official Gazette 2003
988:
895:
865:declared independence
768:Philippine Revolution
728:Philippine Revolution
300:Philippine Revolution
247:Casualties and losses
33:Philippine Revolution
2329:15.7591°N 121.5622°E
2250:Pact of Biak-na-Bato
2230:Malolos Constitution
2042:Spanish–American War
1890:at Wikimedia Commons
1026:Miguel Utray Delgado
888:Aftermath and legacy
795:Spanish–American War
784:Pact of Biak-na-Bato
252:700 dead and wounded
2325: /
2118:Katagalugan (Sakay)
1969:Propaganda Movement
1666:European Strategist
1468:, pp. 110–111.
1444:, pp. 105–107.
1420:, pp. 324–325.
1408:, pp. 382–383.
1022:San Miguel, Bulacan
259:14 died of disease
157:Calixto Villacorta
116:Philippine Republic
2082:Republic of Negros
2020:Tejeros Convention
1995:Cry of Pugad Lawin
1974:Palmero Conspiracy
1888:the siege of Baler
1726:Sonnichsen, Albert
1032:In popular culture
1012:In July 2009, the
998:
968:United States Army
898:
716:Pagkubkob sa Baler
658:Visayas Expedition
337:San Juan del Monte
166:Cirilo GĂłmez
2368:Conflicts in 1899
2363:Conflicts in 1898
2334:15.7591; 121.5622
2308:
2307:
2217:El filibusterismo
2185:Magdiwang faction
2146:
2145:
2077:Negros Revolution
1886:Media related to
1773:978-0-7627-8029-7
1752:Westfall, Matthew
1372:, pp. 41–43.
1360:, pp. 87–88.
1336:, pp. 66–68.
1324:, pp. 54–75.
1285:, pp. 22–23.
1237:, pp. 29–30.
1149:, pp. 68–70.
1137:, pp. 11–13.
972:Frederick Funston
921:El Sitio de Baler
780:Mauser Model 1893
701:
700:
696:
695:
265:
264:
209:Juan Alonso Zayas
96:
95:
2395:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2175:La Liga Filipina
2138:Treaty of Manila
2067:Malolos Congress
1954:
1953:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1885:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1834:Official Gazette
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1786:
1777:
1761:
1747:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1698:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1097:
1091:
1070:Japanese holdout
874:Emilio Aguinaldo
776:Emilio Aguinaldo
736:fortified church
477:Perez Dasmariñas
457:Kakarong de Sili
311:
310:
303:
301:
291:
284:
277:
268:
267:
228:Saturnino Cerezo
226:
225:
224:
217:
207:
206:
205:
198:
191:
190:
189:
181:
180:
179:
172:
165:
164:
163:
156:
155:
154:
147:
146:
145:
128:
126:
125:
118:
114:
112:
111:
92:Filipino victory
68:
66:
62:
51:
50:
43:
23:
22:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2343:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2262:
2243:Noli Me Tángere
2236:Mi Ăşltimo adiĂłs
2204:
2180:Magdalo faction
2142:
2108:Treaty of Paris
2096:
2047:Hong Kong Junta
1983:
1945:
1927:
1922:
1878:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1838:
1836:
1819:
1817:
1791:Quirino, Carlos
1774:
1715:
1713:
1670:
1668:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1492:, p. 2156.
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1406:Sonnichsen 2009
1404:
1400:
1396:, p. 1996.
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1261:, p. 1995.
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1185:, p. 1994.
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
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1863:. Retrieved
1853:
1837:. Retrieved
1818:. Retrieved
1794:
1782:
1757:
1730:
1714:. Retrieved
1712:(in Spanish)
1707:
1685:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1653:Bibliography
1639:. Retrieved
1629:
1617:
1610:Alcover 2017
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1514:Quirino 1978
1509:
1497:
1490:Quirino 1978
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1401:
1394:Quirino 1978
1389:
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1259:Quirino 1978
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788:Sierra Madre
754:
707:
705:
546:
502:Biak-na-Bato
214:
195:
182:SimĂłn Tecson
169:
101:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
2332: /
2320:121°33′44″E
1855:Proceedings
1764:Lyons Press
1418:Wilcox 2019
772:Civil Guard
487:Mount Purog
357:Nueva Ecija
327:Pasong Tamo
322:Pugad Lawin
257:16 wounded
82:Philippines
2347:Categories
2317:15°45′33″N
2299:Spoliarium
1988:Concurrent
1820:3 November
1716:3 November
1709:Cinco DĂas
1695:B00AYJOYA4
1671:3 November
1598:RamĂłn 2005
1077:References
995:San Miguel
928:Franciscan
751:Background
562:2nd Manila
522:Santa Cruz
427:San Rafael
332:1st Manila
261:2 executed
65:1899-06-02
61:1898-07-01
2209:Documents
2200:Pulajanes
2170:Katipunan
2030:Elections
1744:476336108
1728:(2009) .
1641:12 August
1082:Citations
937:Bugkalots
914:Barcelona
825:dysentery
803:Cazadores
679:Zamboanga
674:Calaganan
482:Montalban
255:2 killed
2101:Epilogue
1979:Gomburza
1803:35009819
1754:(2012).
1064:See also
970:General
941:Yorktown
932:Yorktown
926:The two
860:Yorktown
821:beriberi
712:Filipino
666:Mindanao
608:Balisong
603:Talamban
497:Paombong
417:Pampanga
387:Batangas
342:Noveleta
234:Strength
73:Location
63: –
2267:Symbols
1957:Prelude
1936:Battles
953:pesetas
720:Spanish
684:Misamis
633:Antique
580:Visayas
567:Masbate
552:Dagupan
537:Tayabas
527:Bolinao
517:Calamba
507:Camalig
447:Pateros
412:Bulacan
377:Balayan
372:Nasugbu
367:Talisay
215:†
196:†
170:†
59: (
1950:Events
1941:People
1865:2 June
1839:2 June
1801:
1770:
1742:
1693:
910:Pelayo
906:El Cid
829:fevers
827:, and
766:. The
764:Manila
628:Negros
623:Iloilo
618:Lincud
532:Baguio
512:Alapan
492:Aliaga
467:Silang
462:Zapote
452:Tarlac
442:Bacoor
437:Bataan
407:Morong
402:Sambat
211:
127:
113:
89:Result
1045:Baler
810:Siege
760:Luzon
756:Baler
734:to a
732:siege
689:Davao
643:Pilar
613:Batan
593:Capiz
588:Aklan
557:Vigan
547:Baler
352:Kawit
314:Luzon
78:Baler
2035:Pact
1867:2024
1841:2024
1822:2022
1799:OCLC
1768:ISBN
1740:OCLC
1718:2022
1691:ASIN
1673:2022
1643:2024
1014:NHCP
991:NHCP
908:and
858:USS
848:The
706:The
653:Jaro
648:Sara
638:Oton
598:Cebu
542:Lipa
472:Naik
382:Lian
362:Imus
54:Date
1020:in
880:at
239:800
2349::
1852:.
1832:.
1766:.
1762:.
1738:.
1734:.
1706:.
1664:.
1290:^
1205:^
1190:^
1101:^
1060:.
982:.
823:,
722::
718:;
714::
242:54
80:,
2294:"
2290:"
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2238:"
2234:"
1917:e
1910:t
1903:v
1869:.
1843:.
1824:.
1805:.
1776:.
1746:.
1720:.
1697:.
1675:.
1645:.
1624:.
1612:.
1600:.
1588:.
1516:.
1225:.
993:(
710:(
290:e
283:t
276:v
67:)
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