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to the SĆ¼dpark with the 273rd and 218th
Divisions, reinforced by two regiments from the 309th, forming the shock group; these units comprised the army's strongest divisions in terms of manpower, with the 218th and 309th numbering little more than 5,000 men and the 273rd with slightly above 5,400. Despite being at about half of the authorized strength like many Red Army units by this point in the war, these divisions were well equipped with submachine guns, reflecting Soviet infantry tactics, but had a shortage of heavy and light machine guns. Artillery totalling 572 guns was massed in the attack sector. A secondary attack was ordered on both banks of the Oder to eliminate the German defenses that extended along the river to the northwest. By the end of the first day of the attack, the shock group was planned to advance to the city center and reach the Stadtgraben, the old city moat. Another day was given for the storming of the
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1411:. Two brigades of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps were involved in heavy night fighting, only restoring their positions by 11:00 on 14 February. The brief corridor created by the German attack enabled the escape of civilians trapped in Breslau in addition to the German soldiers, according to German historian Rolfe Hinze. With the city having been declared a fortress, thousands of forced laborers from local prisons and concentration camps were brought in to build defenses and clear rubble. Many would be executed or would die in the crossfire.
1302:
bank of the
Vistula to the Oder bridgeheads by road. Despite securing vehicles from the units defending the bridgehead, the 6th Army scraped together just 170 vehicles to transport 350 tons of ammunition and 180 tons of fuel. By the morning of 8 February, artillery and mortar units had enough ammunition for between two and five units of fire and infantry guns enough for between one and a half and two units of fire. The only tank support for the army was provided by the
1437:, which defended the northern bank of the Oder. Beginning on 18 February, the 273rd Rifle Division and the reserve regiments of the 6th Army began relieving the units of the 5th Guards Army to the southeast of Breslau; the composition of the 6th Army remained unchanged for the rest of the siege. The 6th Army besieged the city with the 22nd and 74th Rifle Corps, and the 77th Fortified Region, as well as other smaller units. 50,000 German troops defended the city.
1683:
1554:
1630:
1449:; the German resistance rendered a speedy advance to the city center in a day unfeasible. The 218th began an attack on the key railway embankment in the southwest of the city on 18 February and captured it on the next day, bringing the Soviet forces within two miles of the city center. The 667th Rifle Regiment of the 218th advanced into the SĆ¼dpark but was forced to retreat back to the railway line on 20 February by a counterattack of the 55th
25:
2453:
1475:, post office, and telegraph. The intelligence directorate of the 6th Army estimated German strength at 18,060, with 141 guns and 45 tanks and assault guns at its disposal. To support the assault, the 280 mm mortars of the 315th Battalion were transferred from the northern sector to the southern sector of the 22nd Rifle Corps. The plan assumed that the forces involved would be ready by 20 February.
1589:) of the National Committee for a Free Germany (NKFD), an organization formed mostly of the German POWs in the USSR, took part in combat on the side of the Red Army. It was one of the small units sent for reconnaissance and infiltration of German troops and subsequent disarmament and capture of the latter, or for auxiliary combat operations. Throughout 1944, NKFD created
1335:
Mechanized and 57th Guards Tank
Brigades, outran their infantry support and advanced into the rear of the German defenses. The two forward brigades ran into fierce German resistance on the railway line from Breslau to the southwest on 10 and 11 February, with the 25th Guards Mechanized Brigade and 57th Guards bogged down at the
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in the traditional manner ā two rifle regiment in the first echelon and the third in the second. The assault began at 08:00 with an artillery preparation of two hours and forty minutes. Between 22 and 23 February the 315th
Battalion fired 113 280 mm shells, at a relatively short range of four to 5.5 kilometers.
1657:
to the
Soviets. During the siege, German forces lost 6,000 dead and 23,000 wounded defending Breslau, while Soviet losses were possibly as high as 60,000. Civilian deaths amounted to as many as 80,000. Breslau was the last major city in Germany to surrender, capitulating only two days before the end
1301:
The start of the attack of the 6th Army was delayed for two days, from 6 to 8 February, by the overstretched supply lines of the front, which resulted from the advances it made during the
VistulaāOder Offensive. Due to a lack of rail transport, fuel and ammunition had to be transported from the right
1491:
On the night of 21ā22 February, the forces of the 6th Army regrouped and took up jumping off positions for the impending assault. At this time, the 273rd had only two regiments present as the third was still marching into the city from the
Strigau area. The divisions of the 22nd Rifle Corps advanced
1466:
Failing to storm the city, Gluzdovsky paused to prepare a thoroughly planned attack. According to the plan prepared by his headquarters on 18 February and approved by Konev a day later, the main attack on the city would be delivered from the south along a two-and-a-half kilometer front from
Oltashin
1536:
replaced Ahlfen as garrison commander. Niehoff held the position until the final surrender on 6 May 1945. On 22 February, 6th Army occupied three suburbs of
Breslau, and during the next day, the 6th Army troops were in the southern precincts of the city itself. By 31 March there was heavy artillery
1478:
For the attack, one assault battalion in each regiment was specially formed for urban combat, totalling ten in the entire shock group, including the 22nd Rifle Corps reserve. Each assault battalion was ordered to include a rifle battalion, two 152 mm guns, and either two ISU-152 self-propelled
1401:
in
Rotsurben, a road junction to the south of Breslau. The encirclement was closed when the brigade's 12th Tank Regiment linked up near Rotsurben with the 252nd Tank Brigade of the 31st Tank Corps of the 5th Guards Army. A last breakout attempt was made on the night of 13ā14 February by elements of
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Local German communists called for an end to the resistance of the city in flyers. In a pamphlet titled the "Freiheits-KƤmpfer" (English: Freedom fighters) it called for an end to the fighting and told the local population "not to be afraid of the Red Army who came as liberators". Seventeen of the
1334:
Nearly an hour of artillery bombardment, begun at 08:35 on 8 February, preceded the start of the 6th Army attack. Elements of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps crossed to the bridgehead, accompanied by the artillery bombardment, and by 12:00 its first echelon, which consisted of the 24th Guards
1479:
guns or 203 mm guns, a battery of 76 mm guns, and a sapper group with demolitions, a sapper group with obstacle clearing equipment, a group of backpack flamethrowers, a group of anti-tank riflemen, a sniper group, a machine gunner group, and a group of soldiers armed with captured
1440:
Meanwhile, 22nd Rifle Corps commander Major General Fyodor Zakharov ordered his unit at midday on 14 February to capture the southwestern part of the city and advance to the city center by the end of the day. However, the corps' attacks on the Breslau outskirts in the following days proved
1483:
s. For example, the three assault battalions of the 273rd totalled 872 men, with roughly half armed with submachine guns. The ISU-152s were drawn from the understrength 349th Guards Heavy Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Gluzdovsky's only armored force, which fielded eight combat-ready
1605:
soldiers. The group successfully overpowered the guard posts, liquidated the SS commanders and persuaded the other German troops to surrender. Heavy combat took place which resulted in casualties on both sides, and the operation of the NKFD failed in its main objectives. Lieutenant
1419:
The infantry units of the 6th Army consolidated the advances of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps between 14 and 16 February, solidifying the inner ring of the siege. The 7th Guards Mechanized Corps was withdrawn on the night of 15 February due to a German counterattack in the
1424:
area; by the evening of 14 February, Korchagin's command was down to 108 T-34s, nine ISU-122s, seventeen SU-85s, and thirteen SU-76s, showing its heavy losses in the encirclement of Breslau. In preparation for the transfer of the 5th Guards Army to another sector, its
1673:
on 6 May and were marching when a train passed their route. Hanke and several other POWs ran to the train and clung on to it. The Czechs opened fire, with Hanke falling first while two other POWs slumped on the track. They were then beaten to death with rifle butts.
1282:. Gluzdovsky, who had been relieved of his army command for his performance in positional fighting in eastern Belarus during the winter of 1943ā1944, commanded the 6th Army on a secondary attack axis during the VistulaāOder Offensive. Marshal of the Soviet Union
1211:, then turned the city into a military fortress: Breslau was to be capable of a lengthy defense against the advancing Soviets. A large area of the city center was demolished and turned into an airfield. Late in January, a regiment of Hitler Youth (
1695:, 80 to 90 per cent of Breslau was destroyed . . . after the Soviet capture of the Gandauer airfield, the Wehrmacht destroyed many houses and three churches to build a provisional airstrip 200 to 400 meters wide and two kilometers long.
1286:, commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front, in a 31 January directive, ordered the 6th Army to attack the rear of the German forces defending Breslau, and to capture the city within four days of the beginning of the attack, part of the
1382:, to the east of the 10ā11 February counterattack as the former was the narrowest part of the encirclement, where the outer and inner rings were separated by only 30 kilometers. It achieved temporary success with the capture of
1484:
self-propelled guns with six under repair on 19 February. The 6th Army headquarters further recommended that subordinate commanders form assault groups integrating single rifle companies with artillery ā operating in
1406:
and other units trapped in Breslau, who attacked the inner ring of the encirclement. Simultaneously, the 19th Panzer Division again attacked the outer ring, with both German forces meeting in the area of
1578:
1394:
river, securing the outer encirclement ring. At 14:00 on 13 February, the 309th Rifle Division, after repulsing the German counterattack, began advancing on Breslau from the southwest.
2808:
1366:, early on 12 February. The bringing up of infantry units strengthened the Soviet defense on the outer edge of the partial encirclement. Another German counterattack, involving the
1347:, but were stopped. During the same days, the corps' 24th and 26th Guards Mechanized Brigades, holding defensive positions, were struck by a German tank counterattack between
2783:
1355:; the latter attempted to break through to Breslau and prevent the encirclement, although the failure of the Soviet attack soon made further counterattacks meaningless.
433:
1541:, Dr. Konrad, Bishop Ferche, and Canon Kramer ā demanded that Niehoff surrender the town. Hanke ordered Niehoff not to have any further dealings with the clergy.
1386:, but was soon pushed back to its jumping-off positions by a Soviet counterattack on its flank. The German situation further deteriorated with the arrival of the
1666:
1670:
1193:
On 19 January 1945, the civilian population was forced to leave. Many thousands died in the bitter cold of the makeshift evacuation; many more arrived in
1390:, which approached the fighting from the west and north, pushing the German forces further to the south and taking up defensive positions on the line of
1208:
2666:
2047:
1457:, supported by the garrison's assault guns. An exaggerated account of the Hitler Youth counterattack was published in the Nazi propaganda newspaper
190:
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230:
Unconditional surrender of the city Breslau garrison on 6 May, followed by the unconditional surrender of all German forces two days after (see
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station and Koberwitz village and station, respectively. They suffered heavy losses in tanks and men to German tanks and artillery, as well as
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1607:
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426:
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Villa Colonia at Rapacki Street 14 (former Kaiser-Friedrich-Strasse), where the instrument of surrender for the Breslau garrison was written
1146:. From 13 February 1945 to 6 May 1945, German troops in Breslau were besieged by the Soviet forces which encircled the city as part of the
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2798:
600:
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At 08:00 on 13 February a patrol from the corps' 25th Guards Mechanized Brigade discovered a self-propelled artillery regiment of the
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Not only because of Soviet aerial and artillery bombardment, but also as a result of the self-destructive actions of the SS and the
1352:
1240:
became the garrison commander of Fortress Breslau. Ahlfen, who commanded for only three weeks, had been personally selected by the
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The Siege of Breslau consisted of destructive house-to-house street fighting. The city was bombarded to ruin by artillery of the
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89:
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738:
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61:
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2316:
2107:""Freies Deutschland" Guerrilla Warfare in East Prussia, 1944-1945: A Contribution to the History of the German Resistance"
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On 2 February 1945, Hanke presented colors to the newly formed Home Guard units in Breslau. On the same day, Major General
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uniforms. The group sent to Breslau consisted of approximately 80 people; upon arrival, they pretended to be scattered
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1298:. However, the capture of Breslau would secure a crucial road junction, ensuing uninterrupted supply of the front.
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801:
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1290:. The Breslau attack was not a priority for Konev, as the same directive also tasked his troops with reaching the
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fired from house basements. Combining their attacks, the 25th and 57th Guards broke through between Domslau and
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in the uniform of an SS private, to conceal his identity in the event of capture. The group surrendered to
911:
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629:
534:
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134:
2605:
2525:
2547:
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1429:, advancing on Breslau from the east, was transferred to the 6th Army. The latter also received the 77th
1303:
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and flak units, began at 18:20 on that day, lasting until 13 February; this extended from Kostenblut to
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in Germany. A small German minority still remains in the city. The post-war Polish mayor of WrocÅaw,
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plane kept in reserve for General Niehoff. On 6 May, after 82 days of siege and shortly before the
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857:
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916:
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tank destroyer ā almost at its authorized strength. Only six T-34s were listed as under repair.
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2359:
Hitler's Fortresses in the East: The Sieges of Ternopol', Kovel', Poznan and Breslau, 1944ā1945
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82:
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1379:
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789:
778:
529:
2735:
2478:
1251:
2567:
1745:
1721:, arrived in the city four days after the surrender, on 10 May, finding the city in ruins.
1709:
in the aftermath of the war and renamed WrocÅaw. Most of the German inhabitants in WrocÅaw
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1426:
1387:
844:
726:
677:
483:
2530:
2503:
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fire into the north, south, and west of Breslau suburbs. On 4 May the clergy of Breslau ā
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allowed the Soviet forces to encircle Breslau. Breslau fell in the sector of the Soviet
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2126:
1700:
August 1945 report of damage to Breslau by employees of the Saxony state administration
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205:
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members of the resistance group were executed on Gauleiter Hanke's orders.
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Delegation of German officers walking to negotiations for capitulation of
1597:; members of the Combat Groups carried German weapons and were dressed in
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2197:"So kƤmpfte Breslau;" General von Ahlfen and General Niehoff, page 109
1838:
VerbƤnde und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939 - 1945
1441:
unsuccessful. The 309th overcame the LohbrĆ¼ckāOpperau line, while the
1139:
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180:
172:
2629:
2442:
2437:
1525:
1524:
made more than 2,000 sorties with supplies and food. More than 1,638
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2024:
1852:
HITLER'S FINAL FORTRESS - BRESLAU 1945 (2011) -- Richard Hargreaves
1590:
1421:
2050:[Hitlers Gauleiter celebrates a party before he escaped].
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411:
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2432:
1706:
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1226:
1172:), and ordered that it must be defended at all costs. He named
1150:. The German garrison's surrender on 6 May was followed by the
184:
1827:
Soviet General Staff Official Order of Battle for 1 March 1945
1667:
18th SS-Freiwilligen-Panzer-Grenadier-Division "Horst Wessel"
1529:
1323:
1319:
1123:
2249:, Vol. 10/2, p. 586, MĆ¼nchen: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2008
16:
1945 siege of the German city of Breslau during World War II
2340:
Fortress cities of the Third Reich: Battle for the festungs
2174:
The Free Germany Movement: A Case of Patriotism Or Treason?
1532:) of supplies were delivered. On 2 March, Infantry General
1311:
1291:
1263:
2375:
2205:
2203:
1956:
1929:
1593:, and as 1945 began, it was allowed for the NKFD to form
2809:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Germany
1520:
to the besieged garrison. For 76 days, until 1 May, the
2200:
1463:
in an attempt to show the resolution of the defenders.
1358:
The 24th and 26th Guards Brigades were relieved by the
406:
44,848 captured, including 6,678 - 12.000 hospitalised
1946:
1944:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1507:, and the destruction caused by the German defenders.
1488:
mode ā and sappers to capture fortified strongpoints.
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1862:
1860:
1858:
2215:
1905:
1840:, Vol. 14, pp. 24-25, OsnabrĆ¼ck: Biblio Verlag, 1980
1262:
The capture of a bridgehead on the west bank of the
1063:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1941:
1917:
1893:
1763:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2267:
1872:
1855:
1658:of the war in Europe. Gauleiter Hanke had fled to
995:
2336:ŠŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š“Š°-ŠŗŃŠµŠæŠ¾ŃŃŠø Š¢ŃŠµŃŃŠµŠ³Š¾ ŃŠµŠ¹Ń
Š°: ŠŠøŃŠ²Š° Š·Š° ŃŠµŃŃŃŠ½Š³Šø
2048:"Hitlers Gauleiter feierte Partys, bevor er floh"
1545:Involvement of the NKFD and the German resistance
1186:since 1941, to be the city's "Battle Commander" (
2770:
2667:Museum of Natural History, University of WrocÅaw
163:13 February ā 6 May 1945 (2 months, and 24 days)
2784:Battles and operations of the SovietāGerman War
2170:
2391:
2313:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944-1945
1848:
1846:
1641:Hanke flew out to Prague on 5 May in a small
427:
2247:Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg
2143:
2104:
151:German troops in Breslau on 2 February 1945
2398:
2384:
2288:
2209:
1962:
1935:
1843:
1329:
434:
420:
1166:declared the city of Breslau a fortress (
274:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2307:
1681:
1628:
1617:, was killed on 5 May while leading the
1552:
1217:) was sent to reinforce the garrison of
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2045:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1310:, which late on 7 February fielded 186
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1094:Two anti-aircraft artillery battalions
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2291:Hitler's Final Fortress: Breslau 1945
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1998:
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1974:
1950:
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1911:
1899:
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1662:by the time of the city's surrender.
1062:
994:
415:
270:National Committee for a Free Germany
2105:Biddiscombe, Perry (February 2004).
2039:
2004:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2672:Museum of the University of WrocÅaw
2342:] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza.
1713:between 1945 and 1949 and moved to
1576:In May 1945, a small Combat Group (
13:
2019:[Stalingrad on the Oder].
1647:unconditional surrender of Germany
1278:, commanded by Lieutenant General
1148:Lower Silesian Offensive Operation
14:
2850:
2799:Sieges involving the Soviet Union
2293:(1st ed.). Stackpole Books.
441:
2451:
2046:BĆ¼scher, Wolfgang (6 May 2015).
1816:Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien.
1803:Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien.
1790:Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien.
1225:(which included volunteers from
1064:Fortress Breslau (February 1945)
510:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
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23:
2543:Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene
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2227:
2191:
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2137:
2098:
1736:German World War II strongholds
34:needs additional citations for
2824:February 1945 events in Europe
2710:WrocÅaw GÅĆ³wny railway station
2078:[Breslau Apocalypse].
1830:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1711:fled or were forcibly expelled
1665:Hanke attached himself to the
1653:, General Niehoff surrendered
1152:surrender of all German forces
1044:One heavy assault gun regiment
996:Soviet 6th Army (1 March 1945)
1:
2256:
1362:, fresh from the fighting at
1157:
1144:end of World War II in Europe
232:end of World War II in Europe
2289:Hargreaves, Richard (2011).
2234:Hamburger Allgemeine Zeitung
2147:An der Seite der Roten Armee
1756:
1677:
1624:
1322:self-propelled gun, and the
1092:"Breslau" Artillery Regiment
1046:62nd Engineer-Sapper Brigade
7:
2829:March 1945 events in Europe
2715:WrocÅaw central bus station
2611:WrocÅaw Multimedia Fountain
2548:Four Denominations District
2405:
1724:
1705:Breslau was transferred to
1510:On 15 February, the German
1304:7th Guards Mechanized Corps
1201:, aided by the Home Guard (
1154:two days after the battle.
1036:159th Gun-Artillery Brigade
10:
2855:
2601:WrocÅaw Exhibition Grounds
2514:Aleksander Fredro Monument
2361:. Pen and Sword Military.
1568:killed in combat with the
1314:tanks, and 21 each of the
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1142:, Poland), lasting to the
1042:One anti-aircraft regiment
2758:Universities and colleges
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2794:Sieges involving Germany
2157:ŠŠ° ŃŃŠ¾ŃŠ¾Š½Šµ ŠŃŠ°ŃŠ½Š¾Š¹ Š°ŃŠ¼ŠøŠø
2017:"Stalingrad an der Oder"
1414:
1288:Lower Silesian Offensive
1098:Five engineer battalions
1090:Two parachute battalions
401:24,427 - 33,000 wounded
2789:Breslau in World War II
2573:National Forum of Music
2171:Kai Schoenhals (1989).
1715:Allied Occupation Zones
1404:269th Infantry Division
1330:Encirclement of Breslau
1106:Three signal battalions
1034:31st Artillery Division
2814:Sieges of World War II
2662:Museum of Architecture
2521:St. Elizabeth's Church
2357:Isaev, Alexey (2021).
2334:Isaev, Alexei (2018).
2270:Red Storm on the Reich
2076:"Breslauer Apokalypse"
1751:SS Fortress Regiment 1
1703:
1687:
1638:
1586:
1573:
1453:Battalion, made up of
1306:of Lieutenant General
1272:VistulaāOder Offensive
1244:of Army Group Center (
1223:SS regiment "Besslein"
1096:One antitank battalion
1038:Two antitank regiments
1028:ā¢ 181st Rifle Division
1024:ā¢ 309th Rifle Division
1022:ā¢ 273rd Rifle Division
1020:ā¢ 218th Rifle Division
398:7,177 - 13,000 killed
291:Commanders and leaders
2553:White Stork Synagogue
2144:Willy Wolff (1976) .
2111:German Studies Review
1689:
1685:
1632:
1556:
1460:Vƶlkischer Beobachter
1372:19th Panzer Divisions
388:Casualties and losses
2568:Cupid on the Pegasus
1818:Bƶhlau, 2000. S. 18.
1814:Andreas R. Hofmann:
1805:Bƶhlau, 2000. S. 18.
1801:Andreas R. Hofmann:
1792:Bƶhlau, 2000. S. 18.
1788:Andreas R. Hofmann:
1746:Second Army (Poland)
1557:Grave of Lieutenant
1505:Soviet 18th Air Army
1443:218th Rifle Division
1427:294th Rifle Division
1388:273rd Rifle Division
1360:309th Rifle Division
1118:, also known as the
1032:359th Rifle Division
1030:294th Rifle Division
43:improve this article
2746:Battle of Psie Pole
1501:Soviet 2nd Air Army
1280:Vladimir Gluzdovsky
1268:1st Ukrainian Front
1040:One mortar regiment
1007:1st Ukrainian Front
717:OstrogozhskāRossosh
618:BarvenkovoāLozovaya
312:Vladimir Gluzdovsky
202: /
2736:History of WrocÅaw
2558:WrocÅaw University
2479:RacÅawice Panorama
2264:Duffy, Christopher
2245:Michael Schwartz,
1688:
1639:
1574:
1252:Ferdinand Schƶrner
1247:Heeresgruppe Mitte
1242:Commander-in-Chief
1233:) also took part.
912:Western Carpathian
852:2nd JassyāKishinev
822:1st JassyāKishinev
807:LeningradāNovgorod
802:DnieperāCarpathian
58:"Siege of Breslau"
2834:April 1945 events
2804:Conflicts in 1945
2766:
2765:
2643:
2642:
2531:WrocÅaw Cathedral
2504:WrocÅaw Town Hall
2349:978-5-9955-0993-6
2086:. 25 January 2011
1499:, as well as the
1120:Battle of Breslau
1111:
1110:
1056:
1055:
986:
985:
410:
409:
240:
239:
206:51.117Ā°N 17.033Ā°E
119:
118:
111:
93:
2846:
2751:Siege of Breslau
2705:Trams in WrocÅaw
2596:Szczytnicki Park
2526:Cathedral Island
2494:WrocÅaw Old Town
2467:
2466:
2455:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2353:
2330:
2304:
2285:
2273:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2013:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1853:
1850:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1741:Prague Offensive
1719:BolesÅaw Drobner
1701:
1621:in this combat.
1616:
1581:
1567:
1431:Fortified Region
1392:Strigauer Wasser
1162:In August 1944,
1116:siege of Breslau
1060:
1059:
1050:Fortified Region
1026:74th Rifle Corps
1018:22nd Rifle Corps
992:
991:
878:PetsamoāKirkenes
756:Belgorod-Kharkov
722:VoronezhāKharkov
446:
436:
429:
422:
413:
412:
382:
381:
372:
371:
363:
362:
341:
340:
329:
328:
319:Festung Breslau:
309:
308:
286:
282:
280:
279:
268:
267:
257:
255:
254:
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
157:
156:
149:
128:Siege of Breslau
125:
124:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2839:May 1945 events
2779:1945 in Germany
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2719:
2700:WrocÅaw Airport
2686:
2677:National Museum
2639:
2635:WrocÅaw Stadium
2606:Centennial Hall
2579:
2471:
2456:
2447:
2409:
2404:
2369:
2350:
2327:
2301:
2282:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2210:Hargreaves 2011
2208:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2142:
2138:
2123:10.2307/1433548
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1963:Hargreaves 2011
1961:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1936:Hargreaves 2011
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1873:
1865:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1764:
1759:
1731:Courland Pocket
1727:
1702:
1699:
1680:
1671:Czech partisans
1655:Festung Breslau
1643:Fieseler Storch
1635:Festung Breslau
1627:
1610:
1577:
1561:
1547:
1534:Hermann Niehoff
1497:Soviet 6th Army
1471:as well as the
1417:
1399:5th Guards Army
1384:Gross Peterwitz
1332:
1260:
1238:Hans von Ahlfen
1219:Festung Breslau
1209:slave labourers
1188:Kampfkommandant
1160:
1126:of the city of
1112:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1077:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1009:
997:
989:
988:
987:
982:
976:Prague uprising
959:BratislavaāBrno
949:MoraviaāOstrava
839:LvovāSandomierz
667:RzhevāSychyovka
495:BiaÅystokāMinsk
447:
442:
440:
376:
366:
365:
357:
347:
343:Hermann Niehoff
335:
331:Hans von Ahlfen
323:
316:
303:
277:
275:
262:
261:
252:
250:
226:Soviet victory
210:
208:
204:
201:
196:
193:
191:
189:
188:
187:
150:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2852:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2491:
2489:WrocÅaw Dwarfs
2486:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2368:978-1526783950
2367:
2354:
2348:
2331:
2325:
2305:
2300:978-0811715515
2299:
2286:
2280:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2238:
2226:
2224:, p. 265.
2214:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2163:
2136:
2097:
2067:
2038:
2027:. 3 March 2005
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
1965:, p. 128.
1955:
1940:
1938:, p. 127.
1928:
1916:
1914:, p. 254.
1904:
1892:
1871:
1854:
1842:
1836:Georg Tessin,
1829:
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1779:, p. 185.
1761:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1697:
1679:
1676:
1626:
1623:
1546:
1543:
1469:central island
1416:
1413:
1331:
1328:
1308:Ivan Korchagin
1294:and capturing
1259:
1256:
1159:
1156:
1109:
1108:
1088:609th Division
1086:408th Division
1085:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
984:
983:
981:
980:
979:
978:
968:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:East Pomerania
936:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
901:
900:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
848:
841:
836:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
798:
797:
793:
792:
787:
782:
775:
774:
773:
763:
758:
753:
748:
741:
736:
731:
724:
719:
714:
706:
705:
701:
700:
693:
686:
681:
674:
669:
664:
659:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
630:ToropetsāKholm
627:
620:
615:
609:
608:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
582:
581:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
479:
478:
474:
473:
468:
463:
457:
456:
452:
449:
448:
439:
438:
431:
424:
416:
408:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
390:
389:
385:
384:
374:
354:
353:
349:
348:
346:
345:
333:
320:
317:
315:
314:
300:
293:
292:
288:
287:
272:
247:
246:
242:
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
223:
219:
218:
211:51.117; 17.033
171:
169:
165:
164:
161:
153:
152:
142:
141:
130:
129:
123:
122:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2851:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Urban warfare
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Bear Fountain
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2499:Market Square
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2326:0-333-90836-8
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:Hastings, Max
2306:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2281:0-689-12092-3
2277:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2248:
2242:
2236:, 11 May 1949
2235:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2186:
2184:9780313263903
2180:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2085:
2082:(in German).
2081:
2077:
2071:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2026:
2023:(in German).
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2001:, p. 85.
2000:
1995:
1989:, p. 84.
1988:
1983:
1977:, p. 83.
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1953:, p. 82.
1952:
1947:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1926:, p. 81.
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1902:, p. 80.
1901:
1896:
1890:, p. 79.
1889:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1869:, p. 78.
1868:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1539:Pastor Hornig
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1214:Hitler-Jugend
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Lower Silesia
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1103:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1051:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
966:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
846:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:
776:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:
708:
707:
703:
702:
699:
698:
697:Little Saturn
694:
692:
691:
687:
685:
684:Velikiye Luki
682:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
580:
579:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
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2563:Royal Palace
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1651:World War II
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1637:, 6 May 1945
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917:East Prussia
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515:1st Smolensk
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259:Soviet Union
245:Belligerents
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177:Nazi Germany
139:World War II
133:Part of the
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2618:WrocÅaw Zoo
2538:Sand Island
2472:city center
2462:Attractions
2084:Der Spiegel
2056:(in German)
1619:Kampfgruppe
1611: [
1608:Horst Vieth
1587:Kampfgruppe
1562: [
1559:Horst Vieth
1516:started an
1486:direct fire
1481:Panzerfaust
1374:as well as
1270:during the
1231:Netherlands
1199:German Army
1070:Parent unit
1002:Parent unit
739:Gorky Blitz
734:3rd Kharkov
650:2nd Kharkov
552:1st Kharkov
547:Sea of Azov
209: /
2773:Categories
2682:Ossolineum
2657:Hydropolis
2623:Africarium
2257:References
2222:Duffy 1991
2080:spiegel.de
1999:Isaev 2018
1987:Isaev 2018
1975:Isaev 2018
1951:Isaev 2018
1924:Isaev 2018
1912:Duffy 1991
1900:Isaev 2018
1888:Isaev 2018
1867:Isaev 2018
1777:Isaev 2021
1526:short tons
1473:university
1451:Volkssturm
1376:Volkssturm
1353:Kostenblut
1284:Ivan Konev
1204:Volkssturm
1174:Karl Hanke
1158:Background
1104:Battalions
1102:Volkssturm
1082:Components
1014:Components
863:2nd Baltic
858:Dukla Pass
845:Doppelkopf
817:2nd Crimea
761:2nd Donbas
751:1st Donbas
728:Polar Star
678:Stalingrad
562:Sevastopol
557:1st Crimea
500:1st Baltic
484:Barbarossa
461:Baltic Sea
99:April 2015
69:newspapers
2692:Transport
2630:Wroclavia
2591:Sky Tower
2584:Elsewhere
2443:Psie Pole
2438:Fabryczna
2317:Macmillan
1757:Citations
1678:Aftermath
1625:Surrender
1603:Wehrmacht
1599:Wehrmacht
1595:companies
1591:commandos
1579:ā¹See Tfdāŗ
1570:Wehrmacht
1522:Luftwaffe
1513:Luftwaffe
1435:52nd Army
1433:from the
1345:Koberwitz
1179:Gauleiter
1075:17th Army
888:Gumbinnen
833:Bagration
672:Sinyavino
656:Case Blue
541:Leningrad
466:Black Sea
2741:Timeline
2470:Historic
2428:Downtown
2423:Old Town
2415:Boroughs
2311:(2004).
2266:(1991).
2090:29 March
2060:29 March
2053:Die Welt
2031:29 March
2025:Die Zeit
1725:See also
1698:ā
1572:on 5 May
1503:and the
1447:Krietern
1364:Liegnitz
1276:6th Army
1229:and the
933:Solstice
893:Budapest
883:Courland
873:Debrecen
868:Belgrade
790:2nd Kiev
662:Caucasus
635:Demyansk
596:Chechnya
530:1st Kiev
352:Strength
297:6th Army
168:Location
2649:Museums
2407:WrocÅaw
2153:Russian
2131:1433548
2021:zeit.de
1518:airlift
1422:Strigau
1337:Domslau
1316:ISU-122
1266:by the
1258:Prelude
1195:Dresden
1184:Silesia
1169:Festung
1140:WrocÅaw
1136:Germany
1128:Breslau
927:Breslau
922:Silesia
827:Karelia
779:Dnieper
645:Bamberg
586:Finland
535:Tallinn
394:31,604
284:Germany
197:17Ā°02ā²E
194:51Ā°07ā²N
181:WrocÅaw
173:Breslau
83:scholar
2484:Renoma
2433:Krzyki
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1707:Poland
1660:Prague
1583:German
1296:Berlin
1227:France
1207:) and
1197:. The
971:Prague
965:Berlin
954:Vienna
771:Lenino
613:Lyuban
578:Moscow
567:Rostov
525:Odessa
383:50,000
364:87,334
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222:Result
185:Poland
179:, now
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2724:Other
2338:[
2150:[
2127:JSTOR
1693:NSDAP
1615:]
1566:]
1445:took
1415:Siege
1380:Kanth
1324:SU-85
1320:SU-76
1138:(now
1124:siege
1048:77th
812:Narva
785:Nevel
745:Kursk
711:Iskra
640:Kholm
624:Rzhev
591:Kerch
572:Gorky
505:Brody
490:Brest
90:JSTOR
76:books
2363:ISBN
2344:ISBN
2321:ISBN
2295:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2179:ISBN
2092:2016
2062:2016
2033:2016
1409:Tinz
1402:the
1370:and
1351:and
1318:and
1312:T-34
1292:Elbe
1264:Oder
1114:The
899:1945
796:1944
704:1943
690:Mars
607:1942
520:Uman
477:1941
373:ā 80
160:Date
62:news
2119:doi
1649:in
1368:8th
1250:),
1190:).
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1130:in
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2006:^
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