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1546:. He strongly disapproved of negotiating with the Spanish army, called the city guard together, and convinced them to stay loyal to the Prince of Orange. The city's administration was replaced with pro-Orange citizens. When the deputation came back from Amsterdam, they were convicted as traitors and sent to the Prince. The
1686:
river. While most citizens were allowed to leave, 1500 of the cityâs defenders were either beheaded or tied back-to-back in a pair and thrown into the river. Governor
Ripperda and his lieutenant were beheaded. Don Fadrique thanked God for his victory in the Sint-Bavokerk. The city would have to host
1600:
On 11 December 1572 the
Spanish army laid siege to Haarlem. The city was not very strong, militarily speaking. Although the city was completely surrounded by walls, they were not in good shape. The area around the city could not be inundated, and offered the enemy many places to set up camp. However,
1608:
In the Middle Ages it was unusual to fight in the winter, but the city of
Haarlem was crucial and Don Fadrique stayed and put the town under siege. During the first two months of the siege, the situation was in balance. The Spanish army dug two tunnels to reach the city walls and collapse them. The
1681:
The written assurances that had been given to the city were respected, but the whole garrison (which included many
English, French Huguenots, and Germans) was executed with the exception of the Germans. Forty burghers considered guilty of sedition were executed as well; the besiegers having run out
1617:
and effectively blocked
Haarlem from the outside world. Hunger in the city grew, and the situation became so tense that on 27 May many (Spanish-loyal) prisoners were taken from the prison and murdered. On 19 December no less than 625 shots were fired at the defensive wall between the Janspoort and
1661:
In the early days of the battle, the
Spanish army tried an assault of the city walls, but this attempt to quickly conquer the city failed due to the insufficient preparation by the Spanish army, which had not expected much resistance. This initial victory gave the defenders' morale a big boost.
1673:
After seven months the city surrendered on 13 July 1573. Usually, after such a siege, there would be a period of time that the soldiers of the victorious army could pillage the city, but the citizens were allowed to buy themselves and the city free for 240,000
1699:
Although ultimately the city could not be kept for the Prince of Orange, the siege showed other cities that the
Spanish army was not invincible. This idea, and the great losses suffered by the Spanish army (maybe 10,000 men), helped the cities of
1627:, a widow of a shipwright, aided in restoring the city fortifications during the siege. Later this would develop into a historical myth that she personally fought and even led an army of 300 women into battle.
1790:
since 2â3 October 1574. Haarlem did not win on 13 July 1573, however, and this has made independence celebrations somewhat problematic. The siege of
Haarlem has been made into 3 plays; most notably by
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1708:
in their sieges. The latter city would later defeat the
Spanish army, a major breakthrough in the Dutch Revolt. In the Sint-Bavo church the following words can still be read:
1534:
The city administration of
Haarlem sent a deputation of 4 people to Amsterdam to attempt to negotiate with Don Fadrique. The city's defenses were commanded by city-governor
1501:. Most city administratorsâunlike many citizensâdid not favor open revolution against Philip II of Spain, who had inherited rule of the Netherlands from his father, the
1458:
and the defeat of a land relief force, the starving city surrendered and the garrison was massacred. The resistance nonetheless was taken as an heroic example by the
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The city of Haarlem initially held a moderate view in the religious war that was going on in the Netherlands. It managed to escape from the
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1669:"Beleg van Haarlem" a Dutch propaganda engraving of 1573 shows mass hangings and beheadings, and cartloads of bodies flung in the river.
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Deugd boven geweld: een geschiedenis van Haarlem, 1245â1995, G.F. van der Ree-Scholtens (red), Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum 1995 (
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Geschiedenis en beschrijving van Haarlem, van de vroegste tijden tot op onze dagen, F. Allan, J. J. van Brederode, Haarlem 1874
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defenders made tunnels to blow up the Spanish tunnels. The situation became worse for Haarlem on 29 March 1573. The
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Some Dutch cities celebrate their victory over the Spanish with a yearly celebration of independence, such as
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depicts the siege, enhancing the legendary acts of the women defending the city.
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the Catherijnebridge. This forced the defenders to put up a completely new wall.
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Two city gates, the Kruispoort and the Janspoort, collapsed from the fighting.
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The ruler of Spain was not pleased, and sent an army north under command of
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Het Beleg van Haarlem â Haarlem's Heldenstrijd in Beeld en Woord 1572â1573
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revolutionary army on 1 April, Haarlem did not initially support the
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of Haarlem and its surroundings during the Siege (south up), in a
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were murdered by the Spanish army, and on 1 December the city of
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Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494â1660
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1638:, to rescue Haarlem. However, the Spanish trapped them at the
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leading a group of 300 women in defense of Haarlem, by
1834:"The Siege of Haarlem, Kenau, and Creating a Heroine"
1751:
by Friso ten Holt (1980), commemorating the siege of
1438:. From 11 December 1572 to 13 July 1573 an army of
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1523:. On 17 November 1572 all citizens of the city of
1770:(in coffin) while Kenau who is angry, scolds the
1613:army, faithful to the Spanish king, occupied the
1596:in the Doelen not to give in to the Spanish army.
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1682:of ammunition, many of them were drowned in the
1735:was subsequently plagued by serious mutinies.
1718:Niet dat hij se in creegh met stormender hant.
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1721:In this great need, in our uttermost misery,
1712:In dees grote nood, in ons uutereste ellent
1634:put together an army of 5000 soldiers near
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1716:Gaven wij de stadt op door hongers verbant
1485:in 1566 that affected other cities in the
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Siege in the Northern Netherlands in 1572
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1556:
32:This article includes a list of general
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1920:Haarlem Shuffle - The Siege of Haarlem
1738:
1723:we gave up the city, forced by hunger,
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1819:
307:
103:Romanticized historical painting of
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1832:OâSullivan, Fergus (14 June 2021).
1774:, who has entered the room to take
1550:(Saint Bavo Church) was cleared of
13:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1913:
1894:(in Dutch). Haarlem, Netherlands.
2019:1573 in the Habsburg Netherlands
2014:1572 in the Habsburg Netherlands
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1974:Sieges of the Eighty Years' War
1572:. The spanish troops and their
1538:, a commander put in charge by
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1825:
1727:not that he took her by storm.
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1576:are depicted in the foreground
1:
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1625:Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer
127:11 December 1572â13 July 1573
2029:Massacres committed by Spain
2024:Massacres in the Netherlands
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7:
1855:Duffy, Christopher (2013).
291:700 â 5,000 dead or wounded
10:
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1592:inspiring the citizens of
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255:Fadrique Ălvarez de Toledo
1786:since 8 October 1573 and
1630:In the beginning of July
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1989:History of North Holland
1979:Sieges involving England
1747:Stained glass window in
1531:suffered the same fate.
1456:battle of Haarlemmermeer
1642:and defeated the army.
298:Thousands of casualties
53:more precise citations.
1984:Sieges involving Spain
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1778:(seated) into custody.
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1519:in Dutch), son of the
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1493:was conquered by the
287:2,000 dead or wounded
282:Casualties and losses
1797:The 2014 Dutch film
1290:2nd Cape St. Vincent
1180:2nd 's-Hertogenbosch
1087:1st Cape St. Vincent
1030:1st 's-Hertogenbosch
946:1st English Channel
762:Ten Years, 1588â1598
293:(William the Silent)
277:17,000â18,000 troops
274:(William the Silent)
1939: /
1762:Scene of a play by
1739:Literature and film
1632:William I of Orange
1489:. When the city of
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1100:Twelve Years' Truce
1082:2nd English Channel
990:1st Schenckenschans
844:3rd Geertruidenberg
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485:1st Geertruidenberg
1969:History of Haarlem
1884:General references
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1540:William the Silent
1503:Holy Roman Emperor
1440:Philip II of Spain
1213:2nd Schenkenschans
1155:2nd Bergen op Zoom
774:1st Bergen op Zoom
243:William the Silent
196:German Protestants
2034:Events in Haarlem
2009:Conflicts in 1573
2004:Conflicts in 1572
1868:978-1-136-60786-8
1792:Juliana de Lannoy
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1464:sieges of Alkmaar
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1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:2nd Gibraltar
1253:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:5th Rheinberg
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:2nd Oldenzaal
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:1st Gibraltar
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:4th Rheinberg
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:3rd Rheinberg
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
979:
976:
975:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
949:
944:
943:
939:
938:
935:
932:
930:
929:1st Oldenzaal
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:2nd Rheinberg
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
859:2nd Luxemburg
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:2nd Coevorden
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:1st Luxemburg
837:
835:
834:1st Coevorden
832:
830:
829:2nd Steenwijk
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
769:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:Ponta Delgada
752:
751:
747:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:1st Rheinberg
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:1st Steenwijk
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
606:
603:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
572:
566:
563:
562:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
435:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
371:
370:
364:
361:
360:
355:
351:
348:
347:
344:
339:
329:
324:
322:
317:
315:
310:
309:
306:
295:
286:
285:
280:
276:
269:
265:
264:
259:
256:
251:
246:
244:
239:
232:
227:
222:
217:
216:
211:
208:
203:
198:
194:
190:
185:
180:
174:
169:
164:
163:
158:
150:
147:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
100:
95:
92:
87:
82:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1956:
1924:
1891:
1874:30 September
1872:. Retrieved
1857:
1837:
1827:
1815:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1772:Duke of Alba
1749:St.-Bavokerk
1730:
1726:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1680:
1672:
1660:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1607:
1599:
1533:
1521:Duke of Alva
1516:
1513:Don Fadrique
1510:
1477:
1442:laid bloody
1431:
1429:
1366:
1365:
1341:2nd Salvador
1323:
1302:1st Salvador
1295:
1294:
1270:Lizard Point
1248:
1247:
1228:2nd Roermond
1197:1st Roermond
1143:
1142:
1118:
1117:
1106:
1105:
1072:Dover Strait
1040:Hoogstraaten
1010:Lekkerbeetje
983:
982:
947:
794:2nd Deventer
767:
766:
622:2nd Mechelen
610:
609:
592:1st Deventer
570:
569:
469:
450:1st Mechelen
433:
432:
380:Valenciennes
375:Beeldenstorm
368:
367:
173:Dutch Rebels
160:Belligerents
89:Part of the
65:
56:
37:
1946: /
1849:Works cited
1581:Under siege
1487:Netherlands
1452:Netherlands
1367:East Indies
1307:Puerto Rico
1175:4th Groenlo
1130:Playa Honda
1119:East Indies
1102:, 1609â1621
1060:3rd Groenlo
1005:San Andreas
909:2nd Groenlo
869:1st Groenlo
804:Knodsenburg
789:2nd Zutphen
737:1st Zutphen
692:3rd Antwerp
677:Steenbergen
667:2nd Antwerp
577:1st Antwerp
552:Reimerswaal
515:Schoonhoven
505:Mookerheyde
405:Heiligerlee
51:introducing
1963:Categories
1820:Duffy 2013
1807:References
1687:a Spanish
1483:iconoclasm
1050:2nd Lingen
1015:Nieuwpoort
995:Zaltbommel
934:1st Lingen
914:Bredevoort
597:Borgerhout
500:Valkenburg
475:IJsselmeer
465:Middelburg
420:Le Quesnoy
395:Oosterweel
296:1,700 dead
34:references
1794:in 1770.
1695:Aftermath
1646:Surrender
1611:Amsterdam
1506:Charles V
1460:Orangists
1415:Aftermath
1351:ItamaracĂĄ
1336:1st Unare
1322:Trujillo
1285:The Downs
1260:2nd CĂĄdiz
1243:4th Hulst
1238:3rd Hulst
1223:3rd Venlo
1218:4th Breda
1193:2nd Venlo
1165:3rd Breda
1138:1621â1648
1077:2nd Sluis
1045:3rd Sluis
1035:2nd Grave
978:1599â1609
965:1st CĂĄdiz
924:Ootmarsum
904:1st Meurs
889:2nd Hulst
854:Groningen
809:1st Hulst
784:2nd Breda
742:1st Sluis
717:1st Venlo
712:1st Grave
672:Eindhoven
647:Noordhorn
642:1st Breda
605:1579â1588
565:1576â1579
547:Zuiderzee
520:Zierikzee
510:Oudewater
428:1572â1576
410:Jemmingen
385:Wattrelos
363:1566â1572
289:(Haarlem)
59:July 2011
1689:garrison
1676:guilders
1655:City map
1480:Reformed
1373:MormugĂŁo
1326:Campeche
1317:Abrolhos
1296:Americas
950:Flanders
919:Enschede
894:Turnhout
879:2nd Lier
824:Caudebec
814:Nijmegen
799:Delfzijl
662:1st Lier
587:Rijmenam
582:Gembloux
532:Flushing
415:Jodoigne
261:Strength
132:Location
1931:52°23â˛N
1784:Alkmaar
1753:Haarlem
1706:Alkmaar
1684:Spaarne
1594:Haarlem
1529:Naarden
1525:Zutphen
1491:Brielle
1474:Prelude
1462:at the
1450:in the
1448:Haarlem
1383:Malacca
1346:CabaĂąas
1275:Dunkirk
1160:Fleurus
1125:Ternate
652:Niezijl
537:Borsele
480:Alkmaar
470:Haarlem
460:Naarden
440:Brielle
350:Origins
268:Haarlem
184:England
137:Haarlem
47:improve
1934:4°38â˛E
1905:
1865:
1788:Leiden
1702:Leiden
1640:Manpad
1636:Leiden
1542:, the
1499:Geuzen
1495:Geuzen
1468:Leiden
1403:Cavite
1398:Manila
1208:Leuven
1150:JĂźlich
1113:Aachen
1025:Ostend
970:Azores
884:Calais
707:Boksum
697:Arnhem
657:Lochem
637:Kollum
490:Leiden
400:Dahlen
390:Lannoy
228:
148:Result
115:, 1854
36:, but
1800:Kenau
1574:camps
1444:siege
1411:Peace
1378:Galle
1265:Slaak
1233:Kallo
1185:Meuse
874:Lippe
819:Rouen
727:Neuss
702:Empel
687:Aalst
682:Ghent
627:Diest
557:Lillo
495:Delft
207:Spain
105:Kenau
1903:ISBN
1876:2020
1863:ISBN
1731:The
1704:and
1466:and
1430:The
1000:Rees
722:Axel
455:Goes
445:Mons
124:Date
111:and
864:Huy
1965::
1836:.
1691:.
1678:.
1470:.
1417:â
1413:â
1195:,
1191:,
352:â
139:,
1909:)
1878:.
1840:.
1515:(
1324:¡
1199:)
1187:(
948:¡
327:e
320:t
313:v
270:)
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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