976:
710:
taken as the first objective of the
Ottoman offensive of 1477-79 against the Venetian holdings in Albania. A small force was defending Kruje, which was in the hands of the Venetians. After a year-long siege, the city exhausted its supplies, which were mismanaged by the commanders of the defending troops. The Venetians sent auxiliary forces to relieve the city. However, Ahmed Bey defeated these forces, which were estimated to number more than 10,000, with a much smaller force and eliminated the possibility of helping the castle. After this, the
3227:
3659:
709:
Evrenos-zâde Ahmed Bey and
Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey were sent in front of the army to build roads and repair bridges. Despite this, the army's movements were made very difficult by the harsh Albanian terrain. Thus, the army, advancing in great difficulty, came to Krujë. Mehmed wanted the castle to be
787:, p. 247: "Опсада Кроје, предузета с прољећа 1477. год., трајала јевише од године дана. Млечани су, шаљући веће снаге, покуша-вали да продру до града и да браниоцима дотуре помоћ. Јер, у Кроји је било само 250 пјешака и 500 стадавника, а хране и муницијесамо за шест мјесеци."
222:
942:
3263:
2343:
215:
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208:
3101:
972:
3256:
3759:
3623:
3063:
2336:
419:
964:
426:
3249:
980:
701:, who had promised to let them go unharmed in return. However, the Ottomans massacred all the men in the city and took the women as slaves.
3724:
3399:
494:
2329:
501:
487:
2760:
37:
3744:
3529:
2399:
1882:
1872:
697:
Demoralised and severely weakened by starvation and lack of supplies from the year-long siege, the defenders surrendered to Sultan
2809:
1384:
1067:
718:, and hearing that the Sultan himself had arrived, they surrendered, realizing that there was no other alternative for survival.
545:
538:
3700:
2461:
415:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
1110:
891:
849:
819:
721:
Krujë fell in June of 1478, and the
Ottomans massacred all of the males within the city and carried off the women as slaves.
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3719:
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2767:
2164:
2112:
3749:
3127:
2392:
1338:
483:
1617:
3734:
3494:
3361:
3106:
2387:
957:
598:
1811:
1743:
20:
2267:
2213:
921:
870:
714:'s hope was completely crushed. The defenders of Kruje, who ate cats and dogs because of hunger, were running low on
3544:
2687:
1238:
554:
3336:
2722:
2404:
2360:
1139:
359:
3674:
3574:
2799:
1564:
1021:
3569:
3326:
339:
307:
3449:
3356:
3272:
2804:
2755:
2451:
2256:
1433:
1100:
1089:
1039:
655:
590:
534:
467:
323:
3504:
2466:
2456:
950:
2517:
3579:
1904:
3584:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3424:
3174:
2745:
2643:
2532:
2145:
1800:
1308:
475:
1935:
1574:
3739:
3693:
3509:
3048:
2471:
2155:
2134:
1987:
1843:
1259:
1206:
3499:
3419:
3341:
2623:
2446:
331:
3351:
3346:
2834:
2829:
2729:
2441:
2382:
1752:
1734:
1518:
1451:
1197:
1148:
687:
582:
391:
349:
171:
2522:
526:
3754:
3539:
3404:
3331:
3306:
3230:
3111:
2409:
2092:
2019:
1946:
1863:
1853:
1656:
1554:
1442:
1357:
1187:
1129:
315:
275:
3376:
2697:
2692:
2682:
1674:
1279:
1249:
1158:
913:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
632:
562:
407:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3554:
3549:
3371:
3291:
3031:
3026:
2712:
2582:
2557:
2552:
2434:
2424:
2419:
2414:
1997:
1977:
1956:
1914:
1724:
1545:
1423:
1348:
1269:
624:
451:
399:
3316:
291:
3764:
3454:
2839:
2613:
2542:
2527:
2102:
2008:
1527:
1394:
1375:
1317:
1298:
1168:
375:
3686:
3564:
3559:
3186:
3132:
2704:
2278:
1966:
1924:
1470:
1227:
1177:
1003:
694:. The long siege resulted in the capture of the city after three previous sieges had failed.
443:
283:
3469:
2628:
1638:
3464:
3459:
3434:
3429:
3208:
3193:
3137:
2816:
2794:
2638:
2174:
2062:
1822:
1790:
1714:
1694:
1628:
1595:
1584:
1500:
1491:
2603:
2562:
383:
166:
8:
3519:
3489:
3203:
3154:
2911:
2658:
2618:
2608:
2123:
1665:
1536:
1481:
1404:
3479:
3474:
2951:
3241:
3198:
3181:
3149:
2961:
2956:
2916:
2901:
2851:
2577:
2487:
2429:
1647:
1030:
459:
367:
104:
2633:
2497:
1413:
839:
99:
3444:
2971:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2906:
2789:
2663:
2648:
2321:
2204:
2041:
1770:
917:
887:
866:
845:
242:
2512:
128:
3381:
3301:
2996:
2981:
2931:
2717:
2587:
2537:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2195:
1780:
1606:
1288:
1119:
1057:
640:
518:
267:
161:
138:
3321:
1833:
299:
3439:
3391:
3296:
3142:
3053:
3043:
3001:
2966:
2941:
2889:
2866:
2821:
2572:
2567:
2547:
2298:
2234:
2030:
1761:
1684:
932:
911:
881:
860:
510:
435:
259:
200:
3670:
3164:
3036:
2991:
2986:
2894:
2653:
2185:
2082:
2052:
1216:
1048:
1012:
984:
975:
691:
671:
112:
3414:
3409:
3366:
3713:
3638:
3625:
2223:
1509:
1460:
1366:
682:
took place from early 1477 to June 1478, almost ten years after the death of
616:
2777:
2288:
934:
Osmanlı kaynaklarına göre Fatih Sultan Mehmedʼin siyasî ve askerî faaliyeti
3484:
3311:
3286:
251:
2846:
683:
19:
This article is about the fourth siege of Krujë. For other events, see
886:. Translated by Manheim, Ralf. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
3169:
3159:
2861:
2782:
2772:
2750:
698:
155:
711:
3658:
916:(2. print ed.). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
675:
60:
3666:
715:
679:
82:
Ottomans successfully capture Krujë after many sieges of the city
2856:
844:. Vol. II. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
3271:
905:(in Serbian). Titograd: Redakcija za istoriju Črne Gore.
862:
Gjergj
Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra (1405-1468)
2351:
190:
Garrison of 2,000 to 5,000 infantry and 500 civilians
880:Babinger, Franz (1978). Hickman, William C. (ed.).
230:
3711:
3694:
3257:
2337:
958:
216:
818:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTansel1994 (
704:
736:
734:
3701:
3687:
3264:
3250:
3107:Ottoman – Albanian nobility
2344:
2330:
965:
951:
752:Barleti, Marin. The History of Skanderbeg.
223:
209:
2761:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
797:
795:
793:
909:
879:
858:
801:
772:
761:
731:
3760:Sieges involving the Republic of Venice
3460:Kelmendi & Dukagjin Uprising (1609)
3712:
930:
865:(in Albanian). Tirana: Botimet Toena.
837:
813:
790:
740:
51:Spring 1477 – June 1478
3585:League of Prizren's Seccessionist War
3245:
2325:
946:
900:
784:
686:, the main military commander of the
204:
3653:
3440:Epirus & Acarnania Revolt (1585)
3273:Wars and battles involving Albanians
903:Istorija Črne Gore, Volume 2, Part 2
841:The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571
608:Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra
3725:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
13:
3490:Malësia & Brda Uprising (1689)
2352:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire
14:
3776:
883:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
38:Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479)
3657:
3292:Epirote-Albanian War (1381-1384)
3226:
3225:
974:
3745:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror
3495:Muhammad Ali's seizure of Egypt
3362:Skanderbeg's Italian expedition
838:Setton, Kenneth Mayer (1978).
807:
778:
766:
755:
746:
232:Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars
1:
3560:Montenegrin Civil War of 1847
3400:Albanian Landings (1481-1484)
2457:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
910:Fine Jr., John V. A. (1994).
724:
3673:. You can help Knowledge by
3580:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
3382:Siege of Shkodra (1478-1479)
3337:Albanian revolt of 1432–1436
241:Early Ottoman invasions and
7:
3730:Medieval history of Albania
3720:Military history of Albania
3610:Declaration of Independence
3525:Second siege of Missolonghi
3515:Wallachian uprising of 1821
3415:Himara Uprising (1494-1509)
3367:Himara Uprising (1473-1479)
2768:Declaration of Independence
931:Tansel, Selâhattin (1953).
10:
3781:
3750:1478 in the Ottoman Empire
3652:
3530:First Egyptian–Ottoman War
3480:Seven-fold barjak Uprising
830:
535:Ballaban's fourth Campaign
416:Mehmed II's first Campaign
192:10,000 (siege relief army)
137:Gjinia Aleksi Lleshi
18:
3735:Battles involving Albania
3390:
3279:
3221:
3120:
3062:
3019:
3012:
2879:
2738:
2672:
2596:
2480:
2472:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion
2375:
2368:
2357:
2310:Ottoman defeats shown in
2308:
2244:
2071:
1892:
1703:
1326:
1077:
992:
859:Frashëri, Kristo (2002).
705:Defeat of the relief army
652:
573:Contemporaneous Campaigns
238:
183:
118:
90:
43:
35:
30:
3540:Uprising of Dervish Cara
3465:Kelmendi Uprising (1613)
3430:Kelmendi Uprising (1538)
2723:1912 – 13
2718:1478 – 79
2698:1477 – 78
2688:1466 – 67
2410:1843 – 44
2405:1432 – 36
901:Bešić, Zarij M. (1970).
3435:Malësia Uprising (1565)
3372:Siege of Shkodra (1474)
3669:-related article is a
3455:Convention of Dukagjin
3410:Himara Uprising (1488)
3347:Skanderbeg's rebellion
3128:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2383:Skanderbeg's rebellion
656:Wars involving Albania
350:Skanderbeg's Rebellion
119:Commanders and leaders
3565:Epirus Revolt of 1854
3475:Siege of Kotor (1657)
3377:Siege of Krujë (1478)
3352:Albanian–Venetian War
3332:Kastrioti-Ottoman War
3312:Siege of Ohrid (1395)
3287:Siege of Ohrid (1375)
2447:Ali Pasha's Rebellion
2442:Albanian–Venetian War
668:fourth siege of Krujë
31:Fourth siege of Krujë
16:Fourth siege of Krujë
3535:Uprisings of 1833-39
3317:Zenevisi-Ottoman War
3307:Bayezid I's Campaign
2817:Partition of Albania
2746:Albanian Renaissance
2462:Mehmed II's campaign
276:Bayezid I's Campaign
172:Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey
3635: /
3520:Battle of Karpenisi
3510:Bushati-Ottoman War
3450:Palabardhi Uprising
3357:Dukagjini Civil War
2452:Ballaban's campaign
2393:Macedonian campaign
591:Dukagjini Civil War
484:Macedonian Campaign
134:Kararslan Kalogirou
3500:Yanina-Ottoman War
3470:Convention of Kuçi
3405:Liberation of Zeta
3327:Muzaka-Ottoman War
2388:Italian expedition
688:Albanian rebellion
599:Italian Expedition
176:Evranos-zâde Ahmed
105:Republic of Venice
3740:Conflicts in 1478
3682:
3681:
3639:41.517°N 19.800°E
3618:
3617:
3575:Battle of Gjakova
3545:Uprising in Dibër
3445:Convention of Mat
3420:Dukagjini Landing
3239:
3238:
3217:
3216:
2875:
2874:
2319:
2318:
893:978-0-691-01078-6
851:978-0-87169-127-9
663:
662:
645:
637:
629:
621:
612:
603:
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559:
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396:
388:
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372:
364:
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344:
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328:
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264:
256:
248:
199:
198:
167:Mihaloğlu Ali Bey
86:
85:
3772:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3661:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3605:Uprising of 1912
3600:Uprising of 1911
3595:Uprising of 1910
3590:Uprising of 1909
3570:Uprising of 1862
3555:Uprising of 1847
3550:Uprising of 1845
3425:Mirdita Uprising
3322:Capture of Krujë
3302:Battle of Kosovo
3280:Medieval Albania
3266:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3229:
3228:
3017:
3016:
2400:Albanian revolts
2373:
2372:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2295:
2286:
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2253:
2231:
2220:
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2193:
2182:
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2120:
2109:
2100:
2089:
2080:
2060:
2049:
2038:
2027:
2016:
2005:
1994:
1985:
1974:
1963:
1954:
1943:
1932:
1921:
1912:
1901:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1830:
1819:
1808:
1797:
1788:
1777:
1768:
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1750:
1741:
1732:
1721:
1712:
1692:
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1672:
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1625:
1614:
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1581:
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1507:
1498:
1489:
1478:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1391:
1385:Peñón of Algiers
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
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1335:
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1306:
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1266:
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1117:
1108:
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1028:
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979:
978:
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944:
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927:
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855:
824:
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738:
643:
635:
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619:
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302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
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246:
233:
225:
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211:
202:
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162:Koca Davud Pasha
143:
45:
44:
28:
27:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3755:Ottoman Albania
3710:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3386:
3297:Battle of Savra
3275:
3270:
3240:
3235:
3213:
3116:
3058:
3008:
2871:
2867:Vithkuqi script
2852:Skanderbeg myth
2826:Principalities
2810:North Macedonia
2734:
2668:
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2476:
2364:
2353:
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2320:
2315:
2304:
2293:
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2251:
2240:
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2209:
2200:
2191:
2180:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2140:
2129:
2118:
2107:
2098:
2087:
2078:
2067:
2058:
2047:
2036:
2025:
2014:
2003:
1992:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1952:
1941:
1930:
1919:
1910:
1899:
1888:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1848:
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1828:
1817:
1806:
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1505:
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1418:
1409:
1400:
1389:
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1304:
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1193:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
988:
973:
971:
941:
924:
894:
873:
852:
833:
828:
827:
817:
812:
808:
800:
791:
783:
779:
771:
767:
760:
756:
751:
747:
739:
732:
727:
707:
664:
659:
648:
340:Arianiti Revolt
324:Albanian Revolt
234:
231:
229:
179:
148:
145:
139:
109:
100:League of Lezhë
78:
72:Ottoman victory
64:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3662:
3644:41.517; 19.800
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
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3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:Siege of Medun
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3175:Western Thrace
3172:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2379:
2377:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2282:
2271:
2260:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2178:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2105:
2096:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2056:
2045:
2034:
2023:
2012:
2001:
1990:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1908:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1846:
1837:
1826:
1815:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1688:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1621:
1610:
1599:
1588:
1577:
1568:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1474:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1262:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1180:
1171:
1169:Constantinople
1162:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1101:Constantinople
1093:
1090:Constantinople
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1068:Constantinople
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
996:
994:
990:
989:
985:Ottoman Empire
983:involving the
970:
969:
962:
955:
947:
940:
939:
928:
922:
907:
898:
892:
877:
871:
856:
850:
834:
832:
829:
826:
825:
806:
789:
777:
765:
754:
745:
729:
728:
726:
723:
706:
703:
672:Ottoman Empire
661:
660:
653:
650:
649:
647:
646:
638:
630:
622:
605:
604:
596:
588:
569:
568:
560:
552:
532:
524:
516:
508:
481:
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
433:
413:
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
346:
345:
337:
329:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
239:
236:
235:
228:
227:
220:
213:
205:
197:
196:
193:
186:
185:
181:
180:
178:
177:
174:
169:
164:
159:
151:
149:
147:
146:
135:
132:
129:Lekë Dukagjini
124:
121:
120:
116:
115:
113:Ottoman Empire
110:
108:
107:
102:
96:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
59:
57:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
33:
32:
21:Siege of Krujë
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3777:
3766:
3765:Albania stubs
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3505:Albanian Beys
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:Muzaka Revolt
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3232:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Grand Viziers
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:Congregations
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1774:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1415:
1414:Güns (Kőszeg)
1408:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1005:
998:
997:
995:
991:
986:
982:
977:
968:
963:
961:
956:
954:
949:
948:
945:
937:(in Turkish).
936:
935:
929:
925:
923:0-472-08260-4
919:
915:
914:
908:
904:
899:
895:
889:
885:
884:
878:
874:
872:99927-1-627-4
868:
864:
863:
857:
853:
847:
843:
842:
836:
835:
821:
816:, p. 143
815:
810:
804:, p. 600
803:
802:Fine Jr. 1994
798:
796:
794:
786:
781:
775:, p. 247
774:
773:Babinger 1978
769:
763:
762:Frashëri 2002
758:
749:
743:, p. 327
742:
737:
735:
730:
722:
719:
717:
713:
702:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
658:
657:
651:
642:
639:
634:
631:
626:
623:
618:
615:
614:
613:
609:
600:
597:
592:
589:
584:
581:
580:
579:
575:
574:
564:
561:
556:
553:
547:
540:
536:
533:
528:
525:
520:
517:
512:
509:
503:
496:
489:
485:
482:
477:
474:
469:
466:
461:
458:
453:
450:
445:
442:
437:
434:
428:
421:
417:
414:
409:
406:
401:
398:
393:
390:
385:
382:
377:
374:
369:
366:
361:
358:
357:
356:
352:
351:
341:
338:
333:
332:Muzaka Revolt
330:
325:
322:
317:
316:Kastrioti War
314:
309:
306:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
250:
249:
245:
244:
237:
226:
221:
219:
214:
212:
207:
206:
203:
194:
191:
188:
187:
182:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
157:
153:
152:
150:
144:
142:
136:
133:
131:
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
117:
114:
111:
106:
103:
101:
98:
97:
95:
94:
89:
81:
76:
75:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
47:
46:
42:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3675:expanding it
3664:
3620:
3097:20th century
3092:19th century
3087:18th century
3082:17th century
3077:16th century
3072:15th century
3032:Islamization
2790:Mësonjëtorja
2778:Bashi-Bazouk
2739:Other events
2467:Morea revolt
2359:
2311:
2297:
2277:
2266:
2255:
2233:
2222:
2184:
2173:
2144:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2091:
2051:
2040:
2029:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1976:
1965:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1903:
1881:
1852:
1832:
1821:
1810:
1799:
1779:
1723:
1683:
1627:
1616:
1605:
1594:
1583:
1563:
1480:
1469:
1422:
1393:
1337:
1297:
1268:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1215:
1186:
1157:
1128:
1111:Thessalonica
1099:
1088:
1066:
1004:Kulaca Hisar
981:Major sieges
933:
912:
902:
882:
861:
840:
809:
780:
768:
757:
748:
720:
708:
696:
692:the Ottomans
667:
665:
654:
607:
606:
583:Venetian War
572:
571:
570:
348:
347:
292:Zenevisi War
240:
189:
154:
140:
127:
91:Belligerents
25:
3642: /
3392:Ottoman era
3121:Communities
2795:Nationalism
2756:Balkan Wars
2644:Manastir II
2156:Missolonghi
2146:Missolonghi
2135:Missolonghi
1801:Santa Maura
1715:Nagykanizsa
1492:Castelnuovo
814:Tansel 1994
741:Setton 1978
611:(1468–1479)
577:(1447–1462)
354:(1443–1468)
247:(1385–1443)
77:Territorial
3714:Categories
3037:Bektashism
2847:Rum Millet
2639:Manastir I
2361:Background
2268:Adrianople
2214:Sevastopol
2124:Tripolitsa
1844:Negroponte
1812:Érsekújvár
1666:Gvozdansko
1339:Cephalonia
1260:Negroponte
1040:Adrianople
987:by century
785:Bešić 1970
725:References
684:Skanderbeg
308:Muzaka War
3187:Arbëreshë
3170:Souliotes
3160:Arvanites
2978:Vilayets
2902:Pashaliks
2880:Geography
2862:Stratioti
2835:Kastrioti
2830:Dukagjini
2783:Devshirme
2773:Janissary
2751:Armatoles
2730:Svetigrad
2558:Oranik II
2518:Martinići
2376:Rebellion
2294:1916–1919
2165:Acropolis
2113:Acropolis
1758:1648–1669
1753:Novi Zrin
1648:Famagusta
1639:Szigetvar
1519:Esztergom
1198:Trebizond
1149:Svetigrad
1140:Novo Brdo
1107:1422–1430
1063:1394–1402
1031:Nicomedia
1027:1333–1337
1018:1328–1331
993:13th-14th
699:Mehmed II
644:(1478–79)
636:(1477–78)
620:(1473–79)
602:(1460–62)
594:(1456–57)
586:(1447–48)
558:(1466–67)
392:Svetigrad
360:Svetigrad
335:(1437–38)
327:(1432–36)
319:(1428–30)
311:(1415–17)
295:(1414–18)
156:Mehmed II
63:, Albania
3231:Category
3143:Arbanasi
3133:Bulgaria
3049:Nobility
2997:Manastir
2962:Monastir
2957:Ioannina
2923:Sanjaks
2890:Ioannina
2886:Eyalets
2709:Shkodër
2614:Dukagjin
2578:Torvioll
2553:Oranik I
2533:Mokra II
2488:Albulena
2205:Silistra
2093:Belgrade
2042:El Arish
2020:Belgrade
1988:Belgrade
1947:Belgrade
1936:Temeşvar
1864:Belgrade
1854:Belgrade
1771:Kamenets
1575:Temesvár
1358:Belgrade
1207:Mytilene
1188:Belgrade
1130:Belgrade
712:garrison
690:against
460:Albulena
368:Torvioll
184:Strength
56:Location
36:Part of
3667:Albania
3630:19°48′E
3627:41°31′N
3209:Ukraine
3194:Romania
3138:Croatia
3020:Culture
3013:Society
3002:Scutari
2982:Albania
2972:Scutari
2947:Elbasan
2937:Delvina
2927:Albania
2912:Scutari
2895:Rumelia
2800:Albania
2664:Prizren
2659:Preveza
2624:Frashër
2619:Elbasan
2563:Otonetë
2543:Novšiće
2528:Mokra I
2481:Battles
2369:History
2312:italics
2285:1915–16
2263:1912–13
2257:Scutari
2252:1912–13
2210:1854–55
2196:Calafat
2161:1826–27
2152:1825–26
2108:1821–22
2026:1789–90
1998:Ochakov
1978:Ochakov
1962:1734–35
1957:Baghdad
1915:Nauplia
1735:Baghdad
1644:1570–71
1607:Bahrain
1546:Tripoli
1452:Baghdad
1430:1533–34
1424:Maribor
1309:Otranto
1289:Scutari
1285:1478–79
1276:1477–78
1270:Scutari
1234:1466–67
1136:1440–41
1120:Golubac
1058:Tarnovo
831:Sources
716:weapons
680:Albania
670:by the
641:Shkodra
625:Shkodra
546:Kashari
420:Modrica
384:Otonetë
195:Unknown
141:†
79:changes
3204:Turkey
3155:Greece
3112:Pashas
3064:People
3054:Tribes
2992:Kosovo
2987:Janina
2952:Görice
2932:Avlona
2917:Yanina
2857:Spahiu
2840:Muzaka
2822:Piracy
2805:Kosovo
2679:Krujë
2673:Sieges
2588:Vaikal
2583:Ulcinj
2538:Murino
2508:Lopate
2503:Kosovo
2493:Ankara
2299:Medina
2296:
2287:
2276:
2265:
2254:
2235:Plevna
2232:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2183:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2103:Patras
2101:
2090:
2081:
2061:
2050:
2039:
2031:Izmail
2028:
2017:
2009:Khotin
2006:
1995:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1955:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1913:
1905:Brăila
1902:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1851:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1798:
1789:
1781:Vienna
1778:
1769:
1762:Candia
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1725:Khotyn
1722:
1713:
1693:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1626:
1615:
1604:
1593:
1582:
1573:
1565:Hormuz
1562:
1555:Muscat
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1479:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1395:Vienna
1392:
1383:
1376:Rhodes
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1336:
1318:Chilia
1316:
1307:
1299:Rhodes
1296:
1287:
1278:
1267:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1022:Nicaea
1020:
1011:
1002:
920:
890:
869:
848:
628:(1474)
617:Himarë
566:(1467)
549:(1465)
542:(1465)
539:Vajkal
530:(1465)
522:(1465)
519:Vajkal
514:(1464)
505:(1462)
498:(1462)
495:Pollog
491:(1462)
479:(1462)
471:(1459)
463:(1457)
455:(1456)
452:Oranik
447:(1455)
439:(1453)
436:Pollog
430:(1452)
423:(1452)
411:(1450)
403:(1448)
400:Oranik
395:(1448)
387:(1446)
379:(1445)
371:(1444)
363:(1443)
343:(1443)
303:(1415)
287:(1395)
279:(1394)
271:(1389)
268:Kosovo
263:(1385)
255:(1375)
69:Result
3665:This
3199:Syria
3182:Italy
3150:Egypt
3044:Kanun
2967:Ohrid
2942:Dibra
2907:Berat
2705:Berat
2634:Lezhë
2609:Dibra
2604:Dibër
2573:Savra
2568:Polog
2548:Ohrid
2523:Meçad
2498:Deçiq
2186:Varna
2083:Cairo
2053:Jaffa
1967:Ganja
1925:Corfu
1744:Uyvar
1685:Sisak
1675:Bihać
1657:Tunis
1629:Malta
1471:Corfu
1443:Tunis
1434:Coron
1349:Cairo
1280:Krujë
1250:Krujë
1239:Krujë
1228:Jajce
1217:Jajce
1178:Berat
1159:Krujë
1049:Sofia
1036:1360s
1013:Bursa
676:Krujë
633:Krujë
563:Krujë
555:Krujë
527:Meçad
511:Ohrid
502:Livad
488:Mokra
476:Mokra
444:Berat
427:Meçad
408:Krujë
376:Mokra
300:Krujë
284:Ohrid
260:Savra
252:Ohrid
61:Krujë
3671:stub
3165:Cham
3027:Besa
2713:1474
2693:1467
2683:1450
2654:Peja
2629:Kuçi
2513:Lumë
2435:1912
2430:1911
2425:1910
2420:1847
2415:1845
2274:1915
2245:20th
2230:1877
2224:Kars
2219:1855
2201:1854
2192:1854
2181:1828
2175:Kars
2170:1828
2141:1823
2130:1822
2119:1821
2099:1821
2088:1806
2079:1801
2072:19th
2063:Acre
2059:1799
2048:1799
2037:1799
2015:1789
2004:1788
1993:1788
1984:1739
1973:1737
1953:1733
1942:1717
1931:1716
1920:1716
1911:1715
1900:1711
1893:18th
1883:Azov
1878:1696
1873:Azov
1869:1695
1860:1690
1849:1688
1840:1688
1834:Pécs
1829:1686
1823:Buda
1818:1686
1807:1685
1796:1684
1791:Buda
1787:1684
1776:1683
1767:1672
1749:1664
1740:1663
1731:1638
1720:1621
1711:1601
1704:17th
1695:Eger
1691:1596
1680:1593
1671:1592
1662:1578
1653:1574
1635:1566
1624:1565
1618:Oran
1613:1563
1602:1559
1596:Oran
1591:1556
1585:Eger
1580:1552
1571:1552
1560:1552
1551:1552
1542:1551
1533:1548
1528:Aden
1524:1548
1515:1543
1510:Nice
1506:1543
1501:Buda
1497:1541
1488:1539
1477:1538
1466:1537
1461:Klis
1457:1537
1448:1534
1439:1534
1419:1532
1410:1532
1401:1531
1390:1529
1381:1529
1372:1522
1367:Knin
1363:1522
1354:1521
1345:1517
1334:1500
1327:16th
1314:1484
1305:1481
1294:1480
1265:1474
1256:1470
1245:1467
1223:1464
1212:1463
1203:1462
1194:1461
1183:1456
1174:1455
1165:1453
1154:1450
1145:1448
1125:1440
1116:1428
1096:1422
1085:1411
1078:15th
1054:1393
1045:1385
1009:1326
1000:1285
918:ISBN
888:ISBN
867:ISBN
846:ISBN
820:help
666:The
468:Sati
243:rule
48:Date
2649:Mat
2289:Kut
2279:Van
1537:Van
1482:Diu
1405:Diu
678:in
674:of
3716::
792:^
733:^
544:•
500:•
493:•
425:•
3702:e
3695:t
3688:v
3677:.
3265:e
3258:t
3251:v
2345:e
2338:t
2331:v
2314:.
966:e
959:t
952:v
926:.
896:.
875:.
854:.
822:)
551:)
537:(
507:)
486:(
432:)
418:(
224:e
217:t
210:v
23:.
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